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Laughlin M, McIndoe R, Adams SH, Araiza R, Ayala JE, Kennedy L, Lanoue L, Lantier L, Macy J, Malabanan E, McGuinness OP, Perry R, Port D, Qi N, Elias CF, Shulman GI, Wasserman DH, Lloyd KCK. The mouse metabolic phenotyping center (MMPC) live consortium: an NIH resource for in vivo characterization of mouse models of diabetes and obesity. Mamm Genome 2024:10.1007/s00335-024-10067-y. [PMID: 39191872 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (MMPC)Live Program was established in 2023 by the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to advance biomedical research by providing the scientific community with standardized, high quality phenotyping services for mouse models of diabetes and obesity. Emerging as the next iteration of the MMPC Program which served the biomedical research community for 20 years (2001-2021), MMPCLive is designed as an outwardly-facing consortium of service cores that collaborate to provide reduced-cost consultation and metabolic, physiologic, and behavioral phenotyping tests on live mice for U.S. biomedical researchers. Four MMPCLive Centers located at universities around the country perform complex and often unique procedures in vivo on a fee for service basis, typically on mice shipped from the client or directly from a repository or vendor. Current areas of expertise include energy balance and body composition, insulin action and secretion, whole body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular and renal function, food intake and behavior, microbiome and xenometabolism, and metabolic pathway kinetics. Additionally, an opportunity arose to reduce barriers to access and expand the diversity of the biomedical research workforce by establishing the VIBRANT Program. Directed at researchers historically underrepresented in the biomedical sciences, VIBRANT-eligible investigators have access to testing services, travel and career development awards, expert advice and experimental design consultation, and short internships to learn test technologies. Data derived from experiments run by the Centers belongs to the researchers submitting mice for testing which can be made publicly available and accessible from the MMPCLive database following publication. In addition to services, MMPCLive staff provide expertise and advice to researchers, develop and refine test protocols, engage in outreach activities, publish scientific and technical papers, and conduct educational workshops and training sessions to aid researchers in unraveling the heterogeneity of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Laughlin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, USA
| | - Richard McIndoe
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Renee Araiza
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | - Lucy Kennedy
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | - James Macy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Daniel Port
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Carol F Elias
- Department of Molecular & Integrated Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
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Gendron WH, Fertan E, Roddick KM, Wong AA, Maliougina M, Hiani YE, Anini Y, Brown RE. Intranasal insulin treatment ameliorates spatial memory, muscular strength, and frailty deficits in 5xFAD mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114583. [PMID: 38750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The 5xFAD mouse model shows age-related weight loss as well as cognitive and motor deficits. Metabolic dysregulation, especially impaired insulin signaling, is also present in AD. This study examined whether intranasal delivery of insulin (INI) at low (0.875 U) or high (1.750 U) doses would ameliorate these deficits compared to saline in 10-month-old female 5xFAD and B6SJL wildtype (WT) mice. INI increased forelimb grip strength in the wire hang test in 5xFAD mice in a dose-dependent manner but did not improve the performance of 5xFAD mice on the balance beam. High INI doses reduced frailty scores in 5xFAD mice and improved spatial memory in both acquisition and reversal probe trials in the Morris water maze. INI increased swim speed in 5xFAD mice but had no effect on object recognition memory or working memory in the spontaneous alternation task, nor did it improve memory in the contextual or cued fear memory tasks. High doses of insulin increased the liver, spleen, and kidney weights and reduced brown adipose tissue weights. P-Akt signaling in the hippocampus was increased by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, INI increased strength, reduced frailty scores, and improved visual spatial memory. Hypoglycemia was not present after INI, however alterations in tissue and organ weights were present. These results are novel and important as they indicate that intra-nasal insulin can reverse cognitive, motor and frailty deficits found in this mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gendron
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle M Roddick
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maria Maliougina
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Younes Anini
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Liao GY, Pettan-Brewer C, Ladiges W. Comparison of Age-Related Decline and Behavioral Validity in C57BL/6 and CB6F1 Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599036. [PMID: 38915625 PMCID: PMC11195229 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Variability in physical resilience to aging prompts a comprehensive examination of underlying mechanisms across organs and individuals. We conducted a detailed exploration of behavioral and physiological differences between C57BL/6 and CB6F1 mice across various age groups. In behavioral assays, B6 mice displayed superior performance in rotarod tasks but higher anxiety while CB6F1 mice exhibited a decline in short-term memory with age. Grip strength, long-term memory, and voluntary wheel running declined similarly with age in both strains. Examining physiological phenotypes, B6 mice exhibited lower body fat percentages across ages compared to CB6F1 mice, though cataract severity worsened with age in both strains. Analysis of cardiac functions revealed differences between strains, with worsening left ventricular hypertrophy and structural heart abnormalities with age in CB6F1 mice along with higher blood pressure than B6. Lesion scores showed an age-related increase in heart, kidney, and liver lesions in both strains, while lung lesions worsened with age only in CB6F1 mice. This study underscores the validity of behavioral assays and geropathology assessment in reflecting age-related decline and emphasizes the importance of considering strain specificity when using mouse models to study human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Yu Liao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina Pettan-Brewer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Almishri W, Altonsy MO, Swain MG. Cholestatic liver disease leads to significant adaptative changes in neural circuits regulating social behavior in mice to enhance sociability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167100. [PMID: 38412926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholestatic liver diseases (CLD) are commonly associated with behavioral changes, including social isolation, that negatively affects patient quality of life and remains unaltered by current therapies. It remains unclear whether CLD-associated social dysfunction stems from a direct effect on the brain, or from the psychological impact of CLD. The psychological component of disease is absent in animals, so we investigated the impact of CLD on social behavior and gene expression profiles in key social behavior-regulating brain regions in a mouse model. METHODS CLD due to bile duct ligation was used with the three-chamber sociability test for behavioral phenotyping. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) signatures were delineated in 3 key brain regions regulating social behavior using RNA-seq. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) was applied to streamline DEG data interpretation and integrate findings with social behavior-regulating pathways to identify important brain molecular networks and regulatory mechanisms disrupted in CLD. RESULTS CLD mice exhibited enhanced social interactive behavior and significantly altered gene expression in each of the three social behavior-regulating brain regions examined. DEG signatures in BDL mice were associated with key IPA®-identified social behavior-regulating pathways including Oxytocin in Brain Signaling, GABA Receptor Signaling, Dopamine Receptor Signaling, and Glutamate Receptor Signaling. CONCLUSIONS CLD causes complex alterations in gene expression profiles in key social behavior-regulating brain areas/pathways linked to enhanced social interactive behavior. These findings, if paralleled in CLD patients, suggest that CLD-associated reductions in social interactions predominantly relate to psychological impacts of disease and may inform new approaches to improve management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdi Almishri
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mark G Swain
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; University of Calgary Liver Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Gessner NR, Peiravi M, Zhang F, Yimam S, Springer D, Harbison ST. A conserved role for frizzled in sleep architecture. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad045. [PMID: 38033424 PMCID: PMC10684271 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of natural variants in Drosophila melanogaster implicated the Wnt signaling receptor frizzled in sleep. Given that the Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved across species, we hypothesized that frizzled class receptor 1 (Fzd1), the murine homolog of frizzled, would also have a role in sleep. Using a CRISPR transgenic approach, we removed most of the Fzd1 coding region from C57BL/6N mice. We used a video assay to measure sleep characteristics in Fzd1-deficient mice. As Wnt signaling is known to affect visuospatial memory, we also examined the impact of the deletion on learning and memory using the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm. Fzd1-deficient mice had altered sleep compared to littermate controls. The mice did not respond differently to the NOR paradigm compared to controls but did display anxiety-like behavior. Our strategy demonstrates that the study of natural variation in Drosophila sleep translates into candidate genes for sleep in vertebrate species such as the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Gessner
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morteza Peiravi
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Transgenic Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shemsiya Yimam
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ghuge S, Rahman Z, Bhale NA, Dikundwar AG, Dandekar MP. Multistrain probiotic rescinds quinpirole-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder phenotypes by reshaping of microbiota gut-brain axis in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 232:173652. [PMID: 37804865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling mental condition that poses recurring bothersome intrusive thoughts, obsessions, and compulsions. Considering the positive impact of probiotics on neuropsychiatric disorders, herein, we investigated the effect of multistrain probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis UBBLa-70, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS-2, Lactobacillus rhamnosus UBLR-58, Lactobacillus plantarum UBLP-40, Bifidobacterium infantis UBBI-01, Bifidobacterium breve UBBr-01, and glutamine) in the management of OCD-like phenotype in rats. Rats injected with quinpirole for 5 weeks showed an increased number of marble burying and self-grooming episodes. Quinpirole-injected animals also did less head dipping in the hole board test and avoided exploration of open spaces in the elevated-plus maze. These repetitive, compulsive, self-directed, and anxiety-like phenotypes were abolished after 8-week of multistrain probiotic treatment. The probiotic formulation also prevented the elevated mRNA expression of interleukin-6, tumor-necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein in the amygdala and dysregulated levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex of quinpirole-injected rats. The level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the frontal cortex remained unaffected across the groups. The altered levels of goblet cells and crypt-to-villi ratio in quinpirole rats were prevented by multistrain probiotic treatment. The results of 16S-rRNA gene-sequencing of gut microbiota from feces contents revealed an elevation in the abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium species (specifically Bifidobacterium animalis), while the presence of Lactobacillus species (including Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis) exhibited a decline in quinpirole-induced rats. These results imply that modifying the gut-brain axis may be a possible mechanism by which selective multistrain probiotic therapy prevents OCD-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Ghuge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nagesh A Bhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Dubey H, Roychoudhury R, Alex A, Best C, Liu S, White A, Carlson A, Azcarate-Peril MA, Mansfield LS, Knickmeyer R. Effect of Human Infant Gut Microbiota on Mouse Behavior, Dendritic Complexity, and Myelination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563309. [PMID: 37961091 PMCID: PMC10634763 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiome influences numerous developmental processes. In human infants it has been linked with cognition, social skills, hormonal responses to stress, and brain connectivity. Yet, these associations are not necessarily causal. The present study tested whether two microbial stool communities, common in human infants, affected behavior, myelination, dendritic morphology, and spine density when used to colonize mouse models. Humanized animals were more like specific-pathogen free mice than germ-free mice for most phenotypes, although in males, both humanized groups were less social. Both humanized groups had thinner myelin sheaths in the hippocampus, than did germ-free animals. Humanized animals were similar to each other except for dendritic morphology and spine density where one group had greater dendritic length in the prefrontal cortex, greater dendritic volume in the nucleus accumbens, and greater spine density in both regions, compared to the other. Results add to a body of literature suggesting the gut microbiome impacts brain development. Teaser Fecal transplants from human infants with highly abundant Bifidobacterium , an important inhabitant of the intestinal tract of breastfed newborns, may promote brain connectivity in mice.
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Young L, Goldsteen D, Nunamaker EA, Prescott MJ, Reynolds P, Thompson-Iritani S, Thurston SE, Martin TL, LaFollette MR. Using refined methods to pick up mice: A survey benchmarking prevalence & beliefs about tunnel and cup handling. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288010. [PMID: 37676886 PMCID: PMC10484434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Refined handling improves laboratory mouse welfare and research outcomes when compared to traditional tail handling, yet implementation does not seem to be widespread. Refined handling includes picking up a mouse using a tunnel or cupped hands. The aim of this study was to determine the current prevalence of and beliefs towards refined handling using the theory of planned behavior. It was predicted that refined handling prevalence is low compared to traditional handling methods, and its implementation is determined by individual and institutional beliefs. Research personnel were recruited via online convenience sampling through email listservs and social media. A total of 261 participants in diverse roles (e.g. veterinarians, managers, caretakers, researchers, etc.) responded primarily from the USA (79%) and academic institutions (61%) Participants were surveyed about their current use, knowledge, and beliefs about refined handling. Quantitative data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and generalised regression. Qualitative data were analyzed by theme. Research personnel reported low levels of refined handling implementation, with only 10% of participants using it exclusively and a median estimate of only 10% of institutional mice being handled with refined methods. Individually, participants had positive attitudes, neutral norms, and positive control beliefs about refined handling. Participants' intention to provide refined handling in the future was strongly associated with their attitudes, norms, and control beliefs (p<0.01). Participants believed barriers included jumpy mice, perceived incompatibility with restraint, lack of time, and other personnel. However, participants also believed refined handling was advantageous to mouse welfare, handling ease, personnel, and research. Although results from this survey indicate that current refined handling prevalence is low in this sample, personnel believe it has important benefits, and future use is associated with their beliefs about the practice. People who believed refined handling was good, felt pressure to use it, and were confident in their use reported higher implementation. Increased refined handling could be encouraged through education on misconceptions, highlighting advantages, and addressing important barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Young
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Goldsteen
- Independent Consultant (Formerly AstraZeneca), Damascus, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Nunamaker
- Charles River Laboratories, Global Animal Welfare and Training, Wilmington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Prescott
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Reynolds
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Sarah E. Thurston
- Charles River Laboratories, Global Animal Welfare and Training, Wilmington, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tara L. Martin
- Refinement and Enrichment Advancements Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Palumbo G, Kunze LH, Oos R, Wind-Mark K, Lindner S, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Bartenstein P, Ziegler S, Brendel M. Longitudinal Studies on Alzheimer Disease Mouse Models with Multiple Tracer PET/CT: Application of Reduction and Refinement Principles in Daily Practice to Safeguard Animal Welfare during Progressive Aging. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1812. [PMID: 37531139 PMCID: PMC10251952 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies on mouse models related to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology play an important role in the investigation of therapeutic targets to help pharmaceutical research in the development of new drugs and in the attempt of an early diagnosis that can contribute to improving people's quality of life. There are several advantages to enriching longitudinal studies in AD models with Positron Emission Tomography (PET); among these advantages, the possibility of following the principle of the 3Rs of animal welfare is fundamental. In this manuscript, good daily experimental practice focusing on animal welfare is described and commented upon, based on the experience attained from studies conducted in our Nuclear Medicine department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Palumbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lea Helena Kunze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rosel Oos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind-Mark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital LMU Munich, Marchionini Strasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
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Williams E, Mutlu-Smith M, Alex A, Chin XW, Spires-Jones T, Wang SH. Mid-Adulthood Cognitive Training Improves Performance in a Spatial Task but Does Not Ameliorate Hippocampal Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:683-704. [PMID: 37066912 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior experience in early life has been shown to improve performance in aging and mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, whether cognitive training at a later life stage would benefit subsequent cognition and reduce pathology in AD mice needs to be better understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to verify if behavioral training in mid-adulthood would improve subsequent cognition and reduce AD pathology and astrogliosis. METHODS Mixed-sex APP/PS1 and wildtype littermate mice received a battery of behavioral training, composed of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, novel object recognition and location tasks, and spatial training in the water maze, or handling only at 7 months of age. The impact of AD genotype and prior training on subsequent learning and memory of aforementioned tasks were assessed at 9 months. RESULTS APP/PS1 mice made more errors than wildtype littermates in the radial-arm water maze (RAWM) task. Prior training prevented this impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Prior training also contributed to better efficiency in finding the escape platform in both APP/PS1 mice and wildtype littermates. Short-term and long-term memory of this RAWM task, of a reversal task, and of a transfer task were comparable among APP/PS1 and wildtype mice, with or without prior training. Amyloid pathology and astrogliosis in the hippocampus were also comparable between the APP/PS1 groups. CONCLUSION These data suggest that cognitive training in mid-adulthood improves subsequent accuracy in AD mice and efficiency in all mice in the spatial task. Cognitive training in mid-adulthood provides no clear benefit on memory or on amyloid pathology in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Williams
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Menekşe Mutlu-Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ashli Alex
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xi Wei Chin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Corder KM, Hoffman JM, Sogorovic A, Austad SN. Behavioral comparison of the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain and their CB6F1 siblings. Behav Processes 2023; 207:104836. [PMID: 36720324 PMCID: PMC10184519 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of basic biomedical research studies are conducted using genetically defined, inbred mouse strains. The C57BL/6 mouse strain is the most widely used genetic background in current rodent research. The rationale for using inbred strains is that all individuals are genetically identical with minimal phenotypic variation, allowing for more statistically powerful analyses. F1 hybrids between two inbred strains are also genetically identical to one another but are heterozygous at every locus at which the parental strains differ rather than homozygous. Both theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that this heterozygosity in F1 hybrids allow for potentially greater resilience in response to the inevitable stresses of laboratory environments. The purpose of this study was to characterize the differences in commonly used tests of physical performance (forelimb grip strength and rotarod) and anxiety-like behavior between the F1 hybrids created from BALB/c females mated to C57BL/6 males (called CB6F1 mice) and one of its parental strains, C57BL/6. We used a natural cross-fostering breeding scheme to minimize maternal care effects and emphasize the effects of genetic differences. We found significant correlations between anxiety-like behavioral measures and physical performance measures which are not traditionally associated with anxiety-like behavior, and which differ between strains. Findings from this study should be taken into consideration when designing behavioral studies and choosing model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn M Corder
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Samford University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 800 Lakeshore Dr, Homewood, AL 35229.
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Anamarija Sogorovic
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Steven N Austad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biology, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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12
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Integrated cardio-behavioral responses to threat define defensive states. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:447-457. [PMID: 36759559 PMCID: PMC9991919 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Fear and anxiety are brain states that evolved to mediate defensive responses to threats. The defense reaction includes multiple interacting behavioral, autonomic and endocrine adjustments, but their integrative nature is poorly understood. In particular, although threat has been associated with various cardiac changes, there is no clear consensus regarding the relevance of these changes for the integrated defense reaction. Here we identify rapid microstates that are associated with specific behaviors and heart rate dynamics, which are affected by long-lasting macrostates and reflect context-dependent threat levels. In addition, we demonstrate that one of the most commonly used defensive behavioral responses-freezing as measured by immobility-is part of an integrated cardio-behavioral microstate mediated by Chx10+ neurons in the periaqueductal gray. Our framework for systematic integration of cardiac and behavioral readouts presents the basis for a better understanding of complex neural defensive states and their associated systemic functions.
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13
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Spandole-Dinu S, Catrina AM, Voinea OC, Andone A, Radu S, Haidoiu C, Călborean O, Popescu DM, Suhăianu V, Baltag O, Tuță L, Roșu G. Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3025. [PMID: 36833719 PMCID: PMC9961585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation pollution resulting from the development and use of technologies utilizing RF has sparked debate about the possible biological effects of said radiation. Of particular concern is the potential impact on the brain, due to the close proximity of communication devices to the head. The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of long-term exposure to RF on the brains of mice in a real-life scenario simulation compared to a laboratory setting. The animals were exposed continuously for 16 weeks to RF using a household Wi-Fi router and a laboratory device with a frequency of 2.45 GHz, and were compared to a sham-exposed group. Before and after exposure, the mice underwent behavioral tests (open-field test and Y-maze); at the end of the exposure period, the brain was harvested for histopathological analysis and assessment of DNA methylation levels. Long-term exposure of mice to 2.45 GHz RF radiation increased their locomotor activity, yet did not cause significant structural or morphological changes in their brains. Global DNA methylation was lower in exposed mice compared to sham mice. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these effects and to understand the potential effects of RF radiation on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spandole-Dinu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Catrina
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Cristina Voinea
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Andone
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Speranța Radu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cerasela Haidoiu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Călborean
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Mihaela Popescu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vladimir Suhăianu
- “Cantacuzino” National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Baltag
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Leontin Tuță
- Center of Excellence in Communications and Information Technology, Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 050141 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Roșu
- Department of Military Systems and Equipment, Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 050141 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Experimenter familiarization is a crucial prerequisite for assessing behavioral outcomes and reduces stress in mice not only under chronic pain conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2289. [PMID: 36759654 PMCID: PMC9911644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent behavior is affected by different environmental conditions. These do not only comprise experimental and housing conditions but also familiarization with the experimenter. However, specific effects on pain-related behavior and chronic pain conditions have not been examined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of different housing conditions, using individually ventilated and standard open top cages, inverted day-night cycles, and experimenter familiarization on male mice following peripheral neuropathy using the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Using a multimodal approach, we evaluated evoked pain-related- using von Frey hair filaments, measured gait pattern with the CatWalk system, assessed anxiety- and depression-like behavior with the Elevated plus maze and tail suspension test, measured corticosterone metabolite levels in feces and utilized an integrative approach for relative-severity-assessment. Mechanical sensitivity differed between the cage systems and experimenter familiarization and was affected in both sham and SNI mice. Experimenter familiarization and an inverted day-night cycle reduced mechanical hypersensitivity in SNI and sham mice. SNI mice of the inverted day-night group displayed the slightest pronounced alterations in gait pattern in the Catwalk test. Anxiety-related behavior was only found in SNI mice of experimenter-familiarized mice compared to the sham controls. In addition, familiarization reduced the stress level measured by fecal corticosteroid metabolites caused by the pain and the behavioral tests. Although no environmental condition significantly modulated the severity in SNI mice, it influenced pain-affected phenotypes and is, therefore, crucial for designing and interpreting preclinical pain studies. Moreover, environmental conditions should be considered more in the reporting guidelines, described in more detail, and discussed as a potential influence on pain phenotypes.
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15
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d'Isa R, Gerlai R. Designing animal-friendly behavioral tests for neuroscience research: The importance of an ethological approach. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1090248. [PMID: 36703720 PMCID: PMC9871504 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele d'Isa
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience (DNS), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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16
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Tactile cues are important to environmental novelty during repeated open field tests. Behav Processes 2023; 204:104796. [PMID: 36460136 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The open field test (OFT) is a commonly used protocol to measure anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. Exploration in the central area of the open field and rearing frequency are often readouts of anxiety measurement. However, concerns about carry-over effects associated with repeated assessments limit its application, with the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon still to be fully described. Here, we showed that repeated OFTs in the same mice led to reductions in the percentage of time spent in the central area and frequency of rearing. This effect reduced with an increase in the intervals between test. The decay caused by repeated OFTs was due to habituation, rather than frequent handling of the experimenter, since novel environments could prevent decay from repeated OFTs. Our results also indicated that tactile cues of the environment played important roles in the habituation of repeated OFTs. Furthermore, the decay of central area activity and rearing behavior during repeated OFTs would be blocked if the hippocampal CA1 was lesioned, suggesting that CA1 is a crucial region for habituation of the OFT in mice. Taken together, our study uncovers the important roles of tactile cues and hippocampal CA1 during repeated OFTs in mice.
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17
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Miyazaki T, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Comprehensive behavioral study of C57BL/6.KOR-ApoE shl mice. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220284. [PMID: 37396111 PMCID: PMC10314129 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive dysfunction in elderly individuals. There have been extensive studies on behavioral abnormalities in ApoE-deficient (Apoeshl) mice, which have been described as AD mouse models. Spontaneously hyperlipidemic mice were discovered in 1999 as ApoE-deficient mice due to ApoE gene mutations. However, behavioral abnormalities in commercially available Apoeshl mice remain unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the behavioral abnormalities of Apoeshl mice. Results Apoeshl mice showed decreased motor skill learning and increased anxiety-like behavior toward heights. Apoeshl mice did not show abnormal behavior in the Y-maze test, open-field test, light/dark transition test, and passive avoidance test. Conclusion Our findings suggest the utility of Apoeshl mice in investigating the function of ApoE in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0193, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miyazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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18
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Swan J, Boyer S, Westlund K, Bengtsson C, Nordahl G, Törnqvist E. Decreased levels of discomfort in repeatedly handled mice during experimental procedures, assessed by facial expressions. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1109886. [PMID: 36873771 PMCID: PMC9978997 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice are the most commonly used laboratory animal, yet there are limited studies which investigate the effects of repeated handling on their welfare and scientific outcomes. Furthermore, simple methods to evaluate distress in mice are lacking, and specialized behavioral or biochemical tests are often required. Here, two groups of CD1 mice were exposed to either traditional laboratory handling methods or a training protocol with cup lifting for 3 and 5 weeks. The training protocol was designed to habituate the mice to the procedures involved in subcutaneous injection, e.g., removal from the cage, skin pinch. This protocol was followed by two common research procedures: subcutaneous injection and tail vein blood sampling. Two training sessions and the procedures (subcutaneous injection and blood sampling) were video recorded. The mouse facial expressions were then scored, focusing on the ear and eye categories of the mouse grimace scale. Using this assessment method, trained mice expressed less distress than the control mice during subcutaneous injection. Mice trained for subcutaneous injection also had reduced facial scores during blood sampling. We found a clear sex difference as female mice responded to training faster than the male mice, they also had lower facial scores than the male mice when trained. The ear score appeared to be a more sensitive measure of distress than the eye score, which may be more indicative of pain. In conclusion, training is an important refinement method to reduce distress in mice during common laboratory procedures and this can best be assessed using the ear score of the mouse grimace scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Swan
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Scott Boyer
- Chemotargets SL, Barcelona, Spain.,Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden
| | | | - Camilla Bengtsson
- Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden.,Independant Consultant, Strömsund, Sweden
| | | | - Elin Törnqvist
- Global Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca R&D, Södertälje, Sweden.,Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, Swedish National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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19
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Novak J, Jaric I, Rosso M, Rufener R, Touma C, Würbel H. Handling method affects measures of anxiety, but not chronic stress in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20938. [PMID: 36463282 PMCID: PMC9719500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in mice have shown that less aversive handling methods (e.g. tunnel or cup handling) can reduce behavioural measures of anxiety in comparison to picking mice up by their tail. Despite such evidence, tail handling continues to be used routinely. Besides resistance to change accustomed procedures, this may also be due to the fact that current evidence in support of less aversive handling is mostly restricted to effects of extensive daily handling, which may not apply to routine husbandry practices. The aim of our study was to assess whether, and to what extent, different handling methods during routine husbandry induce differences in behavioural and physiological measures of stress in laboratory mice. To put the effects of handling method in perspective with chronic stress, we compared handling methods to a validated paradigm of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). We housed mice of two strains (Balb/c and C57BL/6) and both sexes either under standard laboratory conditions (CTRL) or under UCMS. Half of the animals from each housing condition were tail handled and half were tunnel handled twice per week, once during a cage change and once for a routine health check. We found strain dependent effects of handling method on behavioural measures of anxiety: tunnel handled Balb/c mice interacted with the handler more than tail handled conspecifics, and tunnel handled CTRL mice showed increased open arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze. Mice undergoing UCMS showed increased plasma corticosterone levels and reduced sucrose preference. However, we found no effect of handling method on these stress-associated measures. Our results therefore indicate that routine tail handling can affect behavioural measures of anxiety, but may not be a significant source of chronic husbandry stress. Our results also highlight strain dependent responses to handling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Novak
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Jaric
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Rosso
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Rufener
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chadi Touma
- grid.10854.380000 0001 0672 4366Department of Behavioural Biology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hanno Würbel
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Lin BL, Shin JY, Jeffreys WP, Wang N, Lukban CA, Moorer MC, Velarde E, Hanselman OA, Kwon S, Kannan S, Riddle RC, Ward CW, Pullen SS, Filareto A, Kass DA. Pharmacological TRPC6 inhibition improves survival and muscle function in mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158906. [PMID: 36099033 PMCID: PMC9675567 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations causing loss of dystrophin result in the severe muscle disease known as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Despite efforts at genetic repair, DMD therapy remains largely palliative. Loss of dystrophin destabilizes the sarcolemmal membrane, inducing mechanosensitive cation channels to increase calcium entry and promote cell damage and, eventually, muscle dysfunction. One putative channel is transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6); we have shown that TRPC6 contributed to abnormal force and calcium stress-responses in cardiomyocytes from mice lacking dystrophin that were haplodeficient for utrophin (mdx/utrn+/- [HET] mice). Here, we show in both the HET mouse and the far more severe homozygous mdx/utrn-/- mouse that TRPC6 gene deletion or its selective pharmacologic inhibition (by BI 749327) prolonged survival 2- to 3-fold, improving skeletal and cardiac muscle and bone defects. Gene pathways reduced by BI 749327 treatment most prominently regulated fat metabolism and TGF-β1 signaling. These results support the testing of TRPC6 inhibitors in human trials for other diseases as a novel DMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Filareto
- Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Department of Cardiology
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Khodaei S, Wang DS, Ariza A, Syed RM, Orser BA. The Impact of Inflammation and General Anesthesia on Memory and Executive Function in Mice. Anesth Analg 2022; 136:999-1011. [PMID: 36469752 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are complex, multifactorial conditions that are associated with poor long-term outcomes. Inflammation and exposure to general anesthetic drugs are likely contributing factors; however, the relative impact of each factor alone versus the combination of these factors remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to compare the relative impact of inflammation, general anesthesia, and the combination of both factors on memory and executive function. METHODS To induce neuroinflammation at the time of exposure to an anesthetic drug, adult male mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle. One day later, they were anesthetized with etomidate (or vehicle). Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the hippocampus and cortex 24 hours after LPS treatment. Recognition memory and executive function were assessed starting 24 hours after anesthesia using the novel object recognition assay and the puzzle box, respectively. Data are expressed as mean (or median) differences (95% confidence interval). RESULTS LPS induced neuroinflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (LPS versus control, hippocampus: 3.49 pg/mg [2.06-4.92], P < .001; cortex: 2.60 pg/mg [0.83-4.40], P = .010) and tumor necrosis factor-α (hippocampus: 3.50 pg/mg [0.83-11.82], P = .002; cortex: 2.38 pg/mg [0.44-4.31], P = .021). Recognition memory was impaired in mice treated with LPS, as evinced by a lack of preference for the novel object (novel versus familiar: 1.03 seconds [-1.25 to 3.30], P = .689), but not in mice treated with etomidate alone (novel versus familiar: 2.38 seconds [0.15-4.60], P = .031). Mice cotreated with both LPS and etomidate also exhibited memory deficits (novel versus familiar: 1.40 seconds [-0.83 to 3.62], P = .383). In the puzzle box, mice treated with either LPS or etomidate alone showed no deficits. However, the combination of LPS and etomidate caused deficits in problem-solving tasks (door open task: -0.21 seconds [-0.40 to -0.01], P = .037; plug task: -0.30 seconds [-0.50 to -0.10], P < .001; log values versus control), indicating impaired executive function. CONCLUSIONS Impairments in recognition memory were driven by inflammation. Deficits in executive function were only observed in mice cotreated with LPS and etomidate. Thus, an interplay between inflammation and etomidate anesthesia led to cognitive deficits that were not observed with either factor alone. These findings suggest that inflammation and anesthetic drugs may interact synergistically, or their combination may unmask covert or latent deficits induced by each factor alone, leading to PNDs.
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22
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The prevention of home-cage grid climbing affects muscle strength in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15263. [PMID: 36088409 PMCID: PMC9464241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExperimenters and treatment methods are the major contributors to data variability in behavioral neuroscience. However, home cage characteristics are likely associated with data variability. Mice housed in breeding cages spontaneously exhibit behavioral patterns such as biting into the wire grid and climbing on the grid lid. We aimed to clarify the effect of covering the stainless steel wire grid lid in commonly used home cage with Plexiglas to prevent climbing on muscle strength in mice. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of climbing prevention on activity and anxiety-like behavior, and the impact of climbing prevention during the postnatal development period and adulthood on muscle strength. Muscle strength, anxiety-like behavior, and locomotor activity were assessed by a battery of tests (wire hang, suspension, grip strength, rotarod, elevated-plus maze, and open field tests). Mice prevented from climbing the wire grid during postnatal development displayed lower muscle strength than those able to climb. Moreover, mice prevented from climbing for 3 weeks following maturity had weakened muscles. The muscle strength was decreased with 3 weeks of climbing prevention in even 1-year-old mice. In summary, the stainless steel wire grid in the home cage contributed to the development and maintenance of muscle strength in mice.
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23
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Velasco ER, Florido A, Flores Á, Senabre E, Gomez-Gomez A, Torres A, Roca A, Norrholm S, Newman EL, Das P, Ross RA, Lori A, Pozo OJ, Ressler KJ, Garcia-Esteve LL, Jovanovic T, Andero R. PACAP-PAC1R modulates fear extinction via the ventromedial hypothalamus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4374. [PMID: 35902577 PMCID: PMC9334354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic stress can lead to fear dysregulation, which has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work showed that a polymorphism in the PACAP-PAC1R (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) system is associated with PTSD risk in women, and PACAP (ADCYAP1)-PAC1R (ADCYAP1R1) are highly expressed in the hypothalamus. Here, we show that female mice subjected to acute stress immobilization (IMO) have fear extinction impairments related to Adcyap1 and Adcyap1r1 mRNA upregulation in the hypothalamus, PACAP-c-Fos downregulation in the Medial Amygdala (MeA), and PACAP-FosB/ΔFosB upregulation in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus dorsomedial part (VMHdm). DREADD-mediated inhibition of MeA neurons projecting to the VMHdm during IMO rescues both PACAP upregulation in VMHdm and the fear extinction impairment. We also found that women with the risk genotype of ADCYAP1R1 rs2267735 polymorphism have impaired fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Velasco
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Florido
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Á Flores
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Senabre
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gomez-Gomez
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Torres
- Perinatal Mental health Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Programme for the Prevention and Treatment of Psychic Effects in Sexually Assaulted Women. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Roca
- Perinatal Mental health Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Norrholm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - E L Newman
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - P Das
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Psychiatry Research Institute of Montefiore and Einstein, New York, NY, USA
| | - R A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Psychiatry Research Institute of Montefiore and Einstein, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Lori
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- American Cancer Society, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O J Pozo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K J Ressler
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - L L Garcia-Esteve
- Perinatal Mental health Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Programme for the Prevention and Treatment of Psychic Effects in Sexually Assaulted Women. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - R Andero
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Juvenile handling rescues autism-related effects of prenatal exposure to valproic acid. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7174. [PMID: 35504947 PMCID: PMC9065111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors acting on young animals affect neurodevelopmental trajectories and impact adult brain function and behavior. Psychiatric disorders may be caused or worsen by environmental factors, but early interventions can improve performance. Understanding the possible mechanisms acting upon the developing brain could help identify etiological factors of psychiatric disorders and enable advancement of effective therapies. Research has focused on the long-lasting effects of environmental factors acting during the perinatal period, therefore little is known about the impact of these factors at later ages when neurodevelopmental pathologies such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are usually diagnosed. Here we show that handling mice during the juvenile period can rescue a range of behavioral and cellular effects of prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure. VPA-exposed animals show reduced sociability and increased repetitive behaviors, along with other autism-related endophenotypes such as increased immobility in the forced swim test and increased neuronal activity in the piriform cortex (Pir). Our results demonstrate that briefly handling mice every other day between postnatal days 22 and 34 can largely rescue these phenotypes. This effect can also be observed when animals are analyzed across tests using an “autism” factor, which also discriminates between animals with high and low Pir neuron activity. Thus, we identified a juvenile developmental window when environmental factors can determine adult autism-related behavior. In addition, our results have broader implications on behavioral neuroscience, as they highlight the importance of adequate experimental design and control of behavioral experiments involving treating or testing young animals.
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Behavioral Studies of p62 KO Animals with Implications of a Modulated Function of the Endocannabinoid System. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091517. [PMID: 35563822 PMCID: PMC9100981 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elementary emotional states and memory can be regulated by the homeostasis of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Links between the ECS and the autophagy receptor p62 have been found at the molecular level and in animal studies. This project aimed to validate the anxiety and memory phenotype of p62 knockout (KO) animals and whether the ECS plays a role in this. We examined the behavior of p62 KO animals and analyzed whether endocannabinoid levels are altered in the responsible brain areas. We discovered in age-dependent obese p62-KO mice decreased anandamide levels in the amygdala, a brain structure important for emotional responses. Against our expectation, p62 KO animals did not exhibit an anxiety phenotype, but showed slightly increased exploratory behavior as evidenced in novel object and further tests. In addition, KO animals exhibited decreased freezing responses in the fear conditioning. Administration of the phytocannabinoid delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) resulted in lesser effects on locomotion but in comparable hypothermic effects in p62 KO compared with WT littermates. Our results do not confirm previously published results, as our mouse line does not exhibit a drastic behavioral phenotype. Moreover, we identified further indications of a connection to the ECS and hence offer new perspectives for future investigations.
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26
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Mickael ME, Bhaumik S, Chakraborti A, Umfress AA, van Groen T, Macaluso M, Totenhagen J, Sorace AG, Bibb JA, Standaert DG, Basu R. RORγt-Expressing Pathogenic CD4 + T Cells Cause Brain Inflammation during Chronic Colitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2054-2066. [PMID: 35379749 PMCID: PMC10103644 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurobehavioral disorders and brain abnormalities have been extensively reported in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. However, the mechanism causing neuropathological disorders in inflammatory bowel disease patients remains unknown. Studies have linked the Th17 subset of CD4+ T cells to brain diseases associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, including multiple sclerosis, ischemic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. To better understand how CD4+ T lymphocytes contribute to brain pathology in chronic intestinal inflammation, we investigated the development of brain inflammation in the T cell transfer model of chronic colitis. Our findings demonstrate that CD4+ T cells infiltrate the brain of colitic Rag1 -/- mice in proportional levels to colitis severity. Colitic mice developed hypothalamic astrogliosis that correlated with neurobehavioral disorders. Moreover, the brain-infiltrating CD4+ T cells expressed Th17 cell transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and displayed a pathogenic Th17 cellular phenotype similar to colonic Th17 cells. Adoptive transfer of RORγt-deficient naive CD4+ T cells failed to cause brain inflammation and neurobehavioral disorders in Rag1 -/- recipients, with significantly less brain infiltration of CD4+ T cells. The finding is mirrored in chronic dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in Rorcfl/fl Cd4-Cre mice that showed lower frequency of brain-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and astrogliosis despite onset of significantly more severe colitis compared with wild-type mice. These findings suggest that pathogenic RORγt+CD4+ T cells that aggravate colitis migrate preferentially into the brain, contributing to brain inflammation and neurobehavioral disorders, thereby linking colitis severity to neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suniti Bhaumik
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience, and Neurology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alan A Umfress
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience, and Neurology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matthew Macaluso
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John Totenhagen
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience, and Neurology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Rajatava Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL;
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27
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Regnier-Golanov AS, Gulinello M, Hernandez MS, Golanov EV, Britz GW. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induces Sub-acute and Early Chronic Impairment in Learning and Memory in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:625-640. [PMID: 35260988 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-00987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leads to significant long-term cognitive deficits, so-called the post-SAH syndrome. Existing neurological scales used to assess outcomes of SAH are focused on sensory-motor functions. To better evaluate short-term and chronic consequences of SAH, we explored and validated a battery of neurobehavioral tests to gauge the functional outcomes in mice after the circle of Willis perforation-induced SAH. The 18-point Garcia scale, applied up to 4 days, detected impairment only at 24-h time point and showed no significant difference between the Sham and SAH group. A decrease in locomotion was detected at 4-days post-surgery in the open field test but recovered at 30 days in Sham and SAH groups. However, an anxiety-like behavior undetected at 4 days developed at 30 days in SAH mice. At 4-days post-surgery, Y-maze revealed an impairment in working spatial memory in SAH mice, and dyadic social interactions showed a decrease in the sociability in SAH mice, which spent less time interacting with the stimulus mouse. At 30 days after ictus, SAH mice displayed mild spatial learning and memory deficits in the Barnes maze as they committed significantly more errors and used more time to find the escape box but still were able to learn the task. We also observed cognitive dysfunction in the SAH mice in the novel object recognition test. Taken together, these data suggest dysfunction of the limbic system and hippocampus in particular. We suggest a battery of 5 basic behavioral tests allowing to detect neurocognitive deficits in a sub-acute and chronic phase following the SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Gulinello
- Rodent Behavior Core, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein University, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - M S Hernandez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - E V Golanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - G W Britz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA.
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28
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Clemastine Rescues Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Improving White Matter Integrity. Neuroscience 2022; 484:66-79. [PMID: 35007691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of cancer treatment techniques, increasing attention has been given to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment through white matter injury. Clemastine fumarate has been shown to enhance white matter integrity in cuprizone- or hypoxia-induced demyelination mouse models. However, whether clemastine can be beneficial for reversing chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment remains unexplored. In this study, the mice received oral administration of clemastine after chemotherapy. The open-field test and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate their anxiety, locomotor activity and cognitive function. Luxol Fast Blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the morphological damage to the myelin. Demyelination and damage to the mature oligodendrocytes and axons were observed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Clemastine significantly improved their cognitive function and ameliorated white matter injury in the chemotherapy-treated mice. Clemastine enhanced myelination, promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and increased the neurofilament 200 protein levels in the corpus callosum and hippocampus. We concluded that clemastine rescues cognitive function damage caused by chemotherapy through improving white matter integrity. Remyelination, oligodendrocyte differentiation and the increase of neurofilament protein promoted by clemastine are potential strategies for reversing the cognitive dysfunction caused by chemotherapy.
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Drevet S, Favier B, Brun E, Gavazzi G, Lardy B. Mouse Models of Osteoarthritis: A Summary of Models and Outcomes Assessment. Comp Med 2022; 72:3-13. [PMID: 34986927 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multidimensional health problem and a common chronic disease. It has a substantial impact onpatient quality of life and is a common cause of pain and mobility issues in older adults. The functional limitations, lack of curative treatments, and cost to society all demonstrate the need for translational and clinical research. The use of OA models in mice is important for achieving a better understanding of the disease. Models with clinical relevance are needed to achieve 2 main goals: to assess the impact of the OA disease (pain and function) and to study the efficacy of potential treatments. However, few OA models include practical strategies for functional assessment of the mice. OA signs in mice incorporate complex interrelations between pain and dysfunction. The current review provides a comprehensive compilation of mousemodels of OA and animal evaluations that include static and dynamic clinical assessment of the mice, merging evaluationof pain and function by using automatic and noninvasive techniques. These new techniques allow simultaneous recordingof spontaneous activity from thousands of home cages and also monitor environment conditions. Technologies such as videographyand computational approaches can also be used to improve pain assessment in rodents but these new tools must first be validated experimentally. An example of a new tool is the digital ventilated cage, which is an automated home-cage monitor that records spontaneous activity in the cages.
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30
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Li TJ, Lee TY, Lo Y, Lee LY, Li IC, Chen CC, Chang FC. Hericium erinaceus mycelium ameliorate anxiety induced by continuous sleep disturbance in vivo. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:295. [PMID: 34865649 PMCID: PMC8643634 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disruption is a major public health issue and may increase the risk of mortality by ten-folds if an individual is sleeping less than 6 h per night. Sleep has changed dramatically during to the COVID-19 pandemic because COVID symptoms can lead to psychological distress including anxiety. Hericium erinaceus mycelium has been widely investigated in both the in vivo studies and clinical trials for its neuroprotective functions because the mycelium contains hericenones and erinacines, which synthesize the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent in vivo reports have shown showed that erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium can modulate BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathways to induce an antidepressant-like effect. A large body of evidence indicates that erinacine can pass the blood-brain barrier and suggests its neuroprotective function in both peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, Hericium erinaceus mycelium may be a dual-function supplement for sleep disruption improvement while sustaining anxiolytic effects. METHOD To simulate the condition of sleep disruption, the mice were subjected to the tail suspension test (TST) for 15 min every day during the same period for nine consecutive days. Two different doses (75 and 150 mg/kg) of Hericium erinaceus mycelium were administered orally 20 min prior to the TSTs before entering the light period of 12:12 h L:D cycle. All sleep-wake recording was recorded for 24 h using electroencephalogram and electromyogram. The elevated-plus-maze and open-field tests were conducted to record the behavior activities. RESULTS Consecutive TSTs prior to the light period could cause significant sleep disturbance and anxiety behavior in the elevated-plus-maze experiments. Results showed that administration with Hericium erinaceus mycelium at 150 mg/kg ameliorated the rodent anxiety (p < 0.05) and reversed the TST-induced NREM sleep disturbance in the dark period. CONCLUSION This is the first in vivo study suggesting that Hericium erinaceus mycelium has a dual potential role for anxiety relief through improving sleep disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ju Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yen Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Lee
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan, 32542, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Chia Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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31
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Saito Y, Miyajima M, Yamamoto S, Sato T, Miura N, Fujimiya M, Chikenji TS. Accumulation of Senescent Neural Cells in Murine Lupus With Depression-Like Behavior. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692321. [PMID: 34804003 PMCID: PMC8597709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric manifestations targeting the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); collectively, these symptoms are termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). Among a wide variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression is observed in about 24-39% of SLE patients. Several cytokines and chemokines have been identified as biomarkers or therapeutic targets of NPSLE; in particular, the levels of type 1 interferons, TNFs, and IL-6 are elevated in SLE patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and these factors contribute to the pathology of depression. Here, we show that senescent neural cells accumulate in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) region in MRL/lpr SLE model mice with depressive behavior. Furthermore, oral administration of fisetin, a senolytic drug, reduced the number of senescent neural cells and reduced depressive behavior in the MRL/lpr mice. In addition, transcription of several senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors in the hippocampal region also decreased after fisetin treatment in the MRL/lpr mice. These results indicate that the accumulation of senescent neural cells in the hippocampus plays a role in NPSLE pathogenesis, and therapies targeting senescent cells may represent a candidate approach to treat NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, School of medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyajima
- Department of Health Sciences, School of medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sena Yamamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, School of medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sato
- Department of Health Sciences, School of medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Miura
- Department of Health Sciences, School of medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako S Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, School of medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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32
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Myers PH, Goulding DR, Wiltshire RA, McGee CA, Dickerson AB, Comins MM, Shi M, Kissling GE, Lih FB, Deterding LJ, Laber-Laird KE, Blankenship-Paris TL. Serum Buprenorphine Concentrations and Behavioral Activity in Mice After a Single Subcutaneous Injection of Simbadol, Buprenorphine SR-LAB, or Standard Buprenorphine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 60:661-666. [PMID: 34740385 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Buprenorphine, an analgesic commonly used in rodent surgery, requires repeated dosing every 4 to 6 h in order to provide adequate analgesia. However, redosing requires repeated handling, which may itself cause stress. Buprenorphine SR-LAB, which reportedly maintains serum levels of buprenorphine greater than 1 ng/mL for 48 to 72 h, is commercially available. However, the viscosity of the product and small dosing volumes make accurate dosing a challenge. Simbadol is a concentrated formulation of buprenorphine hydrochloride labeled for use in cats with recommended dosing frequency of every 24 h. We measured serum concentrations over time after a single injection of this product in C57BL/6NCrl mice and compared it to standard buprenorphine (Buprenex) and Buprenorphine SR-LAB. Male and female mice were injected subcutaneously with one of the 3 buprenorphine formulations at a dose of 1 mg/kg at time 0. Groups of mice (n = 8) were euthanized at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16 h for all groups and 24 h for the Simbadol and the Buprenorphine SR-LAB. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine concentrations of buprenorphine in each serum sample. High concentrations were observed in both Simbadol and standard buprenorphine groups one hour after injection (>50 ng/mL). These groups had similar buprenorphine concentration curves, including rates of decline. The standard buprenorphine group had mean concentrations less than 1 ng/mL by 12 h and the Simbadol group by 16 h. In contrast, the Buprenorphine SR-LAB group remained above the 1 ng/mL therapeutic threshold throughout the 24 h. In addition, clinical signs, including increased activity, that lasted for up to an hour after the injection in the Simbadol and standard buprenorphine groups. We conclude that Simbadol does not offer dosing advantages over the standard buprenorphine formulation when given at 1 mg/kg. Buprenorphine SR-LAB maintained a steady concentration of buprenorphine above 1 ng/mL for at least 24 h, and as such is a superior choice for providing long-term analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Page H Myers
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - David R Goulding
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca A Wiltshire
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Christopher A McGee
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Angela B Dickerson
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Molly M Comins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Grace E Kissling
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Fred B Lih
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Kathy E Laber-Laird
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Terry L Blankenship-Paris
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Apparatus design and behavioural testing protocol for the evaluation of spatial working memory in mice through the spontaneous alternation T-maze. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21177. [PMID: 34707108 PMCID: PMC8551159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial working memory can be assessed in mice through the spontaneous alternation T-maze test. The T-maze is a T-shaped apparatus featuring a stem (start arm) and two lateral goal arms (left and right arms). The procedure is based on the natural tendency of rodents to prefer exploring a novel arm over a familiar one, which induces them to alternate the choice of the goal arm across repeated trials. During the task, in order to successfully alternate choices across trials, an animal has to remember which arm had been visited in the previous trial, which makes spontaneous alternation T-maze an optimal test for spatial working memory. As this test relies on a spontaneous behaviour and does not require rewards, punishments or pre-training, it represents a particularly useful tool for cognitive evaluation, both time-saving and animal-friendly. We describe here in detail the apparatus and the protocol, providing representative results on wild-type healthy mice.
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Wang M, Mason BN, Sowers LP, Kuburas A, Rea BJ, Russo AF. Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior using Light Aversion in Mice. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34459825 DOI: 10.3791/62839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder characterized by headache and sensory abnormalities, such as hypersensitivity to light, observed as photophobia. Whilst it is impossible to confirm that a mouse is experiencing migraine, light aversion can be used as a behavioral surrogate for the migraine symptom of photophobia. To test for light aversion, we utilize the light/dark assay to measure the time mice freely choose to spend in either a light or dark environment. The assay has been refined by introducing two critical modifications: pre-exposures to the chamber prior to running the test procedure and adjustable chamber lighting, permitting the use of a range of light intensities from 55 lux to 27,000 lux. Because the choice to spend more time in the dark is also indicative of anxiety, we also utilize a light-independent anxiety test, the open field assay, to distinguish anxiety from light-aversive behavior. Here, we describe a modified test paradigm for the light/dark and open field assays. The application of these assays is described for intraperitoneal injection of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in two mouse strains and for optogenetic brain stimulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa
| | - Bianca N Mason
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Levi P Sowers
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa
| | - Adisa Kuburas
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa
| | - Brandon J Rea
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa
| | - Andrew F Russo
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa;
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35
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Chakraborti A, Graham C, Chehade S, Vashi B, Umfress A, Kurup P, Vickers B, Chen HA, Telange R, Berryhill T, Van Der Pol W, Powell M, Barnes S, Morrow C, Smith DL, Mukhtar MS, Watts S, Kennedy G, Bibb J. High Fructose Corn Syrup-Moderate Fat Diet Potentiates Anxio-Depressive Behavior and Alters Ventral Striatal Neuronal Signaling. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:669410. [PMID: 34121997 PMCID: PMC8187874 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.669410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms that mediate psychiatric comorbidities associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes remain obscure. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is widely used in beverages and is often included in food products with moderate or high fat content that have been linked to many serious health issues including diabetes and obesity. However, the impact of such foods on the brain has not been fully characterized. Here, we evaluated the effects of long-term consumption of a HFCS-Moderate Fat diet (HFCS-MFD) on behavior, neuronal signal transduction, gut microbiota, and serum metabolomic profile in mice to better understand how its consumption and resulting obesity and metabolic alterations relate to behavioral dysfunction. Mice fed HFCS-MFD for 16 weeks displayed enhanced anxiogenesis, increased behavioral despair, and impaired social interactions. Furthermore, the HFCS-MFD induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and lowered serum levels of serotonin and its tryptophan-based precursors. Importantly, the HFCS-MFD altered neuronal signaling in the ventral striatum including reduced inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), increased expression of ΔFosB, increased Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32, and reduced PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of the AMPA receptor. These findings suggest that HFCS-MFD-induced changes in the gut microbiota and neuroactive metabolites may contribute to maladaptive alterations in ventral striatal function that underlie neurobehavioral impairment. While future studies are essential to further evaluate the interplay between these factors in obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated behavioral comorbidities, these data underscore the important role of peripheral-CNS interactions in diet-induced behavioral and brain function. This study also highlights the clinical need to address neurobehavioral comorbidities associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanabha Chakraborti
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sophie Chehade
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bijal Vashi
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alan Umfress
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Pradeep Kurup
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - H. Alexander Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rahul Telange
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Taylor Berryhill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William Van Der Pol
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mickie Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel L. Smith
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gregory Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Shoji H, Miyakawa T. Effects of test experience, closed-arm wall color, and illumination level on behavior and plasma corticosterone response in an elevated plus maze in male C57BL/6J mice: a challenge against conventional interpretation of the test. Mol Brain 2021; 14:34. [PMID: 33588907 PMCID: PMC7885464 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated plus maze test is a widely used test for assessing anxiety-like behavior and screening novel therapeutic agents in rodents. Previous studies have shown that a variety of internal factors and procedural variables can influence elevated plus maze behavior. Although some studies have suggested a link between behavior and plasma corticosterone levels, the relationships between them remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of experience with a battery of behavioral tests, the wall color of the closed arms, and illumination level on the behavior and plasma corticosterone responses in the elevated plus maze in male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were either subjected to a series of behavioral tests, including assessments of general health and neurological function, a light/dark transition test, and an open field test, or left undisturbed until the start of the elevated plus maze test. The mice with and without test battery experience were allowed to freely explore the elevated plus maze. The other two independent groups of naïve mice were tested in mazes with closed arms with different wall colors (clear, transparent blue, white, and black) or different illumination levels (5, 100, and 800 lx). Immediately after the test, blood was collected to measure plasma corticosterone concentrations. Mice with test battery experience showed a lower percentage of open arm time and entries and, somewhat paradoxically, had lower plasma corticosterone levels than the mice with no test battery experience. Mice tested in the maze with closed arms with clear walls exhibited higher open arm exploration than mice tested in the maze with closed arms with black walls, while there were no significant differences in plasma corticosterone levels between the different wall color conditions. Illumination levels had no significant effects on any measure. Our results indicate that experience with other behavioral tests and different physical features of the maze affect elevated plus maze behaviors. Increased open arm time and entries are conventionally interpreted as decreased anxiety-like behavior, while other possible interpretations are considered: open arm exploration may reflect heightened anxiety and panic-like reaction to a novel situation under certain conditions. With the possibility of different interpretations, the present findings highlight the need to carefully consider the test conditions in designing experiments and drawing conclusions from the behavioral outcomes in the elevated plus maze test in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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Gore-Langton JK, Werner DF, Spear LP. The effects of age, sex, and handling on behavioral parameters in the multivariate concentric square field™ test. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113243. [PMID: 33159929 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) is a complex and ethologically relevant apparatus that is designed to measure several behavioral parameters within the same test session including risk-taking, risk-assessment, shelter-seeking (anxiety relieving), exploration, and general activity. While several studies have behaviorally and pharmacologically validated the use of the MCSF in adults, far fewer have used adolescents. Given the well-established link between adolescence and risk-taking, it is important to validate use of the MCSF in adolescence. The present study compared the effects of age, sex, and handling on behavioral categories in the MCSF. In addition, principal component analyses were used to compare the underlying behavioral components in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Results revealed that handling increased risk-taking and reduced shelter-seeking. Females were more exploratory than males, but no compelling age differences in risk-taking or risk-assessment were found. Principal component analyses revealed six major principal components for both adolescents and adults with the first and second components consisting mainly of center/center circle, risk-assessment, and shelter-seeking variables in adolescence, and general activity and center/center circle variables in adults. These results confirm age differences in the underlying behavioral components in the MCSF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda Patia Spear
- Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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Yoshizawa K, Takeuchi K, Nakamura T, Ukai S, Takahashi Y, Sato A, Takasawa R, Tanuma SI. Antinociceptive activity of the novel RAGE inhibitor, papaverine, in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain. Synapse 2020; 75:e22188. [PMID: 32979223 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known to mediate the inflammatory response through pattern recognition receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) or the toll-like receptors (TLRs). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether papaverine, a novel RAGE inhibitor, could suppress inflammatory pain in mice after several time points, which was induced by the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). We also investigated the influence of redox modulation during a state of chronic inflammatory pain. Although papaverine did not suppress CFA-induced mechanical allodynia on Day 7, papaverine significantly suppressed CFA-induced mechanical allodynia on Days 14 and 28. In contrast, the radical scavenger N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) suppressed mechanical allodynia in mice on Days 7 and 14, but not on Day 28. We demonstrated that the RAGE inhibitor improves mechanical allodynia in chronic inflammatory conditions. Moreover, we also found that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributed to the early phase of CFA-induced mechanical allodynia. Precisely, lower ROS levels contributed to the inflammatory pain response via the all-thiol HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway during the chronic state. These findings led us to propose that ROS levels modulate RAGE and/or TLR4-mediated inflammatory allodynia by regulating the concentrations of disulfide HMGB1 or all-thiol HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Yoshizawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kota Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Toka Nakamura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Saki Ukai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Yukino Takahashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takasawa
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
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