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Lu J, Tang Z, Xu M, Lu J, Wang F, Ni X, Wang C, Yu B. Skeletal muscle cystathionine γ-lyase deficiency promotes obesity and insulin resistance and results in hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle injury upon HFD in mice. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2347139. [PMID: 38718286 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2347139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) contributes to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders using skeletal muscle Cth knockout (CthΔskm) mice. METHODS The CthΔskm mice and littermate Cth-floxed (Cthf/f) mice were fed with either HFD or chow diet for 13 weeks. Metabolomics and transcriptome analysis were used to assess the impact of CTH deficiency in skeletal muscle. RESULTS Metabolomics coupled with transcriptome showed that CthΔskm mice displayed impaired energy metabolism and some signaling pathways linked to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle although the mice had normal insulin sensitivity. HFD led to reduced CTH expression and impaired energy metabolism in skeletal muscle in Cthf/f mice. CTH deficiency and HFD had some common pathways enriched in the aspects of amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. CthΔskm+HFD mice exhibited increased body weight gain, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and IR, and reduced glucose transporter 4 and CD36 expression in skeletal muscle compared to Cthf/f+HFD mice. Impaired mitochondria and irregular arrangement in myofilament occurred in CthΔskm+HFD mice. Omics analysis showed differential pathways enriched between CthΔskm mice and Cthf/f mice upon HFD. More severity in impaired energy metabolism, reduced AMPK signaling, and increased oxidative stress and ferroptosis occurred in CthΔskm+HFD mice compared to Cthf/f+HFD mice. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that skeletal muscle CTH expression dysregulation contributes to metabolism disorders upon HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengshan Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Re-Habilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National International Joint Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Changnan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Brito-da-Silva G, Manzanares G, Beltrame Barone B, Silva Dos Santos V, Sturion Fillipini S, G Gandra P. Carbohydrate storage in cells: a laboratory activity for the assessment of glycogen stores in biological tissues. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:742-751. [PMID: 38991036 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00023.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates and fats constitute our primary energy sources. The importance of each of these energy substrates varies across cell types and physiological conditions. For example, the brain normally relies almost exclusively on glucose oxidation, whereas skeletal muscle shifts from lipids toward higher carbohydrate oxidation rates as exercise intensity increases. Understanding how carbohydrates are stored in our cells and which tissues contain significant carbohydrate stores is crucial for health professionals, especially given the role of carbohydrate metabolism in various pathophysiological conditions. This laboratory activity uses a simple and low-cost iodine binding method to quantify glycogen in mouse skeletal muscle and liver samples. By integrating the results of this activity with literature data, students can determine overall glycogen storage in the human body. The primary goal of the activity is to enhance students' understanding of the importance and limitations of glycogen stores in energy metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Carbohydrates are one of the primary energy sources utilized by our cells. Liver and skeletal muscle glycogen, which are the main carbohydrate reserves in the body, play a central role in energy metabolism, especially during periods of fasting and exercise. In this laboratory activity, students measure glycogen levels in tissues to gain insights into how carbohydrates are stored in our cells and understand the role and limitations of liver and muscle carbohydrate stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Brito-da-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Manzanares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Beltrame Barone
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sturion Fillipini
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Gandra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fujiki J, Maeda N, Yamaguchi K, Ohtsuki Y, Iwano H. DNA methylation of Ad4BP/SF-1 suppresses Cyp11a1 and StAR transcripts in C2C12 myoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 593:112336. [PMID: 39094930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis occurs locally in peripheral tissues and via adrenal and gonadal glands' biosynthesis. The C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line and rat skeletal muscles harbor a local steroidogenesis pathway for glucocorticoids, and corticosterone is biosynthesized from skeletal muscle cells. However, Cyp11a1 and StAR protein expressions are not observed in C2C12 cells or rat muscular tissues. In this context, this study investigated the relationship between DNA methylation and key steroidogenic genes. Bioinformatics analysis of methylated DNA immune precipitation showed that C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes did not have remarkable DNA methylated regions in the gene-body of Cyp11a1. However, a highly methylated region in the CpG island was detected in the intronic enhancer of Ad4BP/SF-1, known as the transcriptional factor for steroidogenic genes. After C2C12 myoblasts treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, the gene expressions of Ad4BP/SF-1, Cyp11a1, and StAR were significantly time- and concentration-dependent upregulated. To clarify the contribution of Ad4BP/SF-1 on Cyp11a1 and StAR transcripts, we silenced Ad4BP/SF-1 during the 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment in C2C12 myoblasts, resulting in significant suppression of both Cyp11a1 and StAR. Additionally, pregnenolone levels in the supernatants of C2C12 cells were enhanced by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, whereas pregnenolone production by C2C12 myoblasts was significantly suppressed by Ad4BP/SF-1 knockdown. These results indicate that DNA methylation of Ad4BP/SF-1 might be involved in the downregulation of steroidogenic genes, such as Cyp11a1 and StAR in C2C12 myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Maeda
- Laboratory of Meat Science, Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuya Ohtsuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Iwano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sadasivam N, Park WR, Choi B, Seok Jung Y, Choi HS, Kim DK. Exploring the impact of estrogen-related receptor gamma on metabolism and disease. Steroids 2024; 211:109500. [PMID: 39159854 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) is a member of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family which possesses three subtypes, α, β, and γ. ERRγ is reportedly predominantly expressed in metabolically active tissues and cells, which promotes positive and negative effects in different tissues. ERRγ overexpression in the liver, pancreas, and thyroid cells is related to liver cancer, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and carcinoma. Reduced ERRγ expression in the brain, immune cells, tumor cells, and energy metabolism causes neurological dysfunction, gastric cancer, and obesity. ERRγ is a constitutive receptor; however, its transcriptional activity also depends on co-regulators, agonists, and antagonists, which, when after forming a complex, can play a role in targeting and treating diseases. Moreover, ERRγ has proven crucial in regulating cellular and metabolic activity. However, many functions mediated via ERRγ remain unknown and require further exploration. Hence, considering the importance of ERRγ, this review focuses on the critical findings and interactions between ERRγ and co-regulators, agonists, and antagonists alongside its relationship with downstream and upstream signaling pathways and diseases. This review highlights new findings and provides a path to understanding the current ideas and future studies on ERRγ-mediated cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthini Sadasivam
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Ram Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byungyoon Choi
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Host-Directed Antiviral Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Razali NSM, Ikhwanuddin M, Maulidiani M, Gooderham NJ, Alam M, Kadir NHA. Ecotoxicological impact of heavy metals on wild mud crabs (Scylla olivacea) in Malaysia: An integrative approach of omics, molecular docking and human risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174210. [PMID: 38914323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mud crab, one of the aquatic organisms found in estuary areas, has become a significant economic source of seafood for communities due to its delectable taste. However, they face the threat of heavy metal contamination, which may adversely affect their biological traits. This study explored the comparison of the mud crabs collected from Setiu Wetland as a reference site, while Kuala Sepetang is an area that contains a higher concentration of heavy metals than Setiu Wetlands. Heavy metal levels were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while proteomes were assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics, respectively. Heavy metal contamination affects the proteome, metabolome, and putative molecular targets in mud crabs (Scylla olivacea), leading to oxidative stress. Mud crabs collected from the metal-polluted area of Kuala Sepetang in Perak had considerably elevated concentrations of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) in comparison to the reference site of Setiu Wetlands in Terengganu. The proteome analysis revealed an upregulation of the stress-response protein Hsp70, which triggered superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased arginine kinase expression (5.47 fold) in the muscle tissue, results in the alteration of metabolite regulation in the mud crab from Kuala Sepetang. Additionally, in the muscle tissues of mud crabs obtained from Kuala Sepetang, uncharacterized myosin-tail 1 domain proteins and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins were downregulated. The metabolomic investigation identified changes in metabolites associated with energy metabolism and osmoregulation. Exploration of docking analysis suggests potential connections between methylarsonic acid and essential proteins in mud crabs. These findings suggest that the presence of heavy metals disrupts physiological processes and highlights potential molecular targets that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafinaz Mohd Razali
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Marine, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - M Maulidiani
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Marine, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk 780714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nurul Huda Abd Kadir
- Faculty of Science and Environmental Marine, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia; RIG BIOSES, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Zhou X, Zhu S, Li J, Mateus A, Williams C, Gilthorpe J, Backman LJ. Mechanical Loading Modulates AMPK and mTOR Signaling in Muscle Cells. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:4286-4295. [PMID: 39213513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise involves various phenotypic changes that enhance the metabolic and contractile functions. One key regulator of these adaptive responses is the activation of AMPK, which is influenced by exercise intensity. However, the mechanistic understanding of AMPK activation during exercise remains incomplete. In this study, we utilized an in vitro model to investigate the effects of mechanical loading on AMPK activation and its interaction with the mTOR signaling pathway. Proteomic analysis of muscle cells subjected to static loading (SL) revealed distinct quantitative protein alterations associated with RNA metabolism, with 10% SL inducing the most pronounced response compared to lower intensities of 5% and 2% as well as the control. Additionally, 10% SL suppressed RNA and protein synthesis while activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR pathway. We also found that SRSF2, necessary for pre-mRNA splicing, is regulated by AMPK and mTOR signaling, which, in turn, is regulated in an intensity-dependent manner by SL with the highest expression in 2% SL. Further examination showed that the ADP/ATP ratio was increased after 10% SL compared to the control and that SL induced changes in mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, Seahorse assay results indicate that 10% SL enhances mitochondrial respiration. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular responses to mechanical loading and shed light on the intricate AMPK-mTOR regulatory network in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shaochun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Section of Physiotherapy, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andre Mateus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chloe Williams
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Gilthorpe
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Section of Physiotherapy, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Halvorson BD, Ward AD, Murrell D, Lacefield JC, Wiseman RW, Goldman D, Frisbee JC. Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Resistance Arteriolar Tone: Temporal Variability in Vascular Responses. J Vasc Res 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39362208 DOI: 10.1159/000541169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A full understanding of the integration of the mechanisms of vascular tone regulation requires an interrogation of the temporal behavior of arterioles across vasoactive challenges. Building on previous work, the purpose of the present study was to start to interrogate the temporal nature of arteriolar tone regulation with physiological stimuli. METHODS We determined the response rate of ex vivo proximal and in situ distal resistance arterioles when challenged by one-, two-, and three-parameter combinations of five major physiological stimuli (norepinephrine, intravascular pressure, oxygen, adenosine [metabolism], and intralumenal flow). Predictive machine learning models determined which factors were most influential in controlling the rate of arteriolar responses. RESULTS Results indicate that vascular response rate is dependent on the intensity of the stimulus used and can be severely hindered by altered environments, caused by application of secondary or tertiary stimuli. Advanced analytics suggest that adrenergic influences were dominant in predicting proximal arteriolar response rate compared to metabolic influences in distal arterioles. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the vascular response rate to physiologic stimuli can be strongly influenced by the local environment. Translating how these effects impact vascular networks is imperative for understanding how the microcirculation appropriately perfuses tissue across conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayden D Halvorson
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron D Ward
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Murrell
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James C Lacefield
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Departments of Physiology and Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Departments of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Maciejczyk M, Palka T, Wiecek M, Szygula Z. Effects of concurrent heat and hypoxic training on cycling anaerobic capacity in men. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22879. [PMID: 39358452 PMCID: PMC11447210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical training in heat or hypoxia can improve physical performance. The purpose of this parallel group study was to investigate the concurrent effect of training performed simultaneously in heat (31 °C) and hypoxia (FIO2 = 14.4%) on anaerobic capacity in young men. For the study, 80 non-trained men were recruited and divided into 5 groups (16 participants per group): control, non-training (CTRL); training in normoxia and thermoneutral conditions (NT: 21 °C, FIO2 = 20.95%); training in normoxia and heat (H: 31 °C, FIO2 = 20.95%); training in hypoxia and thermoneutral conditions (IHT: 21 °C, FIO2 = 14.4%), and training in hypoxia and heat (IHT + H: 31 °C, FIO2 = 14.4%). Before and after physical training, the participants performed the Wingate Test, in which peak power and mean power were measured. Physical training lasted 4 weeks and the participants exercised 3 times a week for 60 min, performing interval training. Only the IHT and IHT + H groups showed significant increases in absolute peak power (p < 0.001, ES = 0.36 and p = 0.02, ES = 0.26, respectively). There were no significant changes (p = 0.18) after training in mean power. Hypoxia appeared to be an environmental factor that significantly improved peak power, but not mean power. Heat, added to hypoxia, did not increase cycling anaerobic power. Also, training only in heat did not significantly affect anaerobic power. The inclusion of heat and/or hypoxia in training did not induce negative effects, i.e., a reduction in peak and mean power as measured in the Wingate Test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Palka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiecek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Sport Medicine and Nutrition, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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Turkel I, Ozerklig B, Yazgan B, Ozenc AE, Kubat GB, Simsek G, Atakan MM, Kosar SN. Systemic and tissue-specific spexin response to acute treadmill exercise in rats. Peptides 2024; 180:171281. [PMID: 39111593 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a 14-amino-acid peptide that plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis. It is well known that a variety of bioactive molecules released into the circulation by organs and tissues in response to acute and chronic exercise, known as exerkines, mediate the benefits of exercise by improving metabolic health. However, it is unclear whether acute exercise affects SPX levels in the circulation and peripheral tissues. This study aimed to determine whether acute treadmill exercise induces plasma SPX levels, as well as mRNA expression and immunostaining of SPX in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sedentary and acute exercise groups. Plasma, soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), adipose tissue, and liver samples were collected at six time points (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) following 60 min of acute treadmill exercise at a speed of 25 m/min and 0 % grade. Acute exercise increased plasma SPX levels and induced mRNA expression of Spx in the SOL, EDL, and liver. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that acute exercise led to a decrease in SPX immunostaining in the liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that SPX increases in response to acute exercise as a potential exerkine candidate, and the liver may be one of the sources of acute exercise-induced plasma SPX levels in rats. However, a comprehensive analysis is needed to fully elucidate the systemic response of SPX to acute exercise, as well as the tissue from which SPX is secreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Yazgan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emrah Ozenc
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey; Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Simsek
- Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Mustafa Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran Nazan Kosar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Meneses-Valdés R, Gallero S, Henríquez-Olguín C, Jensen TE. Exploring NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 in cardiac and skeletal muscle adaptations - A cross-tissue comparison. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:296-305. [PMID: 39069268 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Striated muscle cells, encompassing cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers, are fundamental to athletic performance, facilitating blood circulation and coordinated movement through contraction. Despite their distinct functional roles, these muscle types exhibit similarities in cytoarchitecture, protein expression, and excitation-contraction coupling. Both muscle types also undergo molecular remodeling in energy metabolism and cell size in response to acute and repeated exercise stimuli to enhance exercise performance. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms 2 and 4 have emerged as signaling molecules that regulate exercise adaptations. This review systematically compares NOX2 and NOX4 expression, regulation, and roles in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses across exercise modalities. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge and opportunities to let future skeletal muscle research into NOX-dependent mechanisms be inspired by cardiac muscle studies and vice versa. Understanding these processes could enhance the development of exercise routines to optimize human performance and health strategies that capitalize on the advantages of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Meneses-Valdés
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Samantha Gallero
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Center of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.
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Thomas ACQ, Stead CA, Burniston JG, Phillips SM. Exercise-specific adaptations in human skeletal muscle: Molecular mechanisms of making muscles fit and mighty. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:341-356. [PMID: 39147070 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to a predominantly hypertrophied phenotype versus a predominantly oxidative phenotype, the hallmarks of resistance training (RT) or aerobic training (AT), respectively, are being unraveled. In humans, exposure of naïve persons to either AT or RT results in their skeletal muscle exhibiting generic 'exercise stress-related' signaling, transcription, and translation responses. However, with increasing engagement in AT or RT, the responses become refined, and the phenotype typically associated with each form of exercise emerges. Here, we review some of the mechanisms underpinning the adaptations of how muscles become, through AT, 'fit' and RT, 'mighty.' Much of our understanding of molecular exercise physiology has arisen from targeted analysis of post-translational modifications and measures of protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of specific residue sites has been a dominant focus, with canonical signaling pathways (AMPK and mTOR) studied extensively in the context of AT and RT, respectively. These alone, along with protein synthesis, have only begun to elucidate key differences in AT and RT signaling. Still, key yet uncharacterized differences exist in signaling and regulation of protein synthesis that drive unique adaptation to AT and RT. Omic studies are required to better understand the divergent relationship between exercise and phenotypic outcomes of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Q Thomas
- Protein Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Connor A Stead
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Protein Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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12
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Finiel L, Neyroud D, Antonietti JP, Sanchez AMJ, Borrani F. Hand cooling induces changes in the kinetics of oxygen uptake. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22864. [PMID: 39354100 PMCID: PMC11445557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of elevated catecholamine concentrations, induced through cold-water hand immersion, on the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) kinetics during intense exercise, and to contrast this effect with that of the priming effect. Ten active participants underwent three 8-minute constant work rate exercises (CWR) at ∆25%, with one CWR preceded by hand cooling (2 min at 0 °C, HC) and two consecutive CWR to induced priming effect on the second bout (SB). Pulmonary gas exchange and blood samples were analyzed to measure levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Results demonstrated a significant increase in the primary phase amplitude of V̇O2 kinetics in response to both hand HC (33.9 mL.min-1.kg-1; CI [32.2;35.7], p < 0.001) and SB (34.6 mL.min-1.kg-1; CI [33.0;36.3], p < 0.001) relative to the control (32.7 mL.min-1.kg-1; CI [31.5;35.1]). Additionally, the amplitude of the V̇O2 slow component was reduced for both HC (3.2 mL.min-1.kg-1; CI [2.2;4.1], p = 0.018) and SB (2.9 mL.min-1.kg-1; CI [1.8;4.2], p = 0.009) in comparison to control (3.9 mL.min-1.kg-1; CI [2.9;4.2]). These findings suggest that the increase in E and NE induced by hand cooling prior to exercise modifies V̇O2 kinetics in a manner akin to the priming effect. This research underscores the potential role of catecholamines in facilitating the priming effect and its subsequent impact on V̇O2 kinetics. However, further studies are necessary to clearly establish this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Finiel
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Daria Neyroud
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anthony M J Sanchez
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Wang J, Ren W, Sun Z, Han Z, Zeng Y, Meng J, Yao X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles in Kazakh horses. Meat Sci 2024; 216:109582. [PMID: 38991479 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This study conducted a thorough analysis of the myofiber type composition in the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) and soleus muscle (SOL) of Kazakh horses, across different genders (male and female). The results showed significant differences in myofiber type composition between EDL and SOL, with a higher proportion of Type I fibers in SOL muscles and a greater prevalence of Type II fibers in EDL muscles. Additionally, the myofiber diameter in Kazakh horses was relatively small, potentially related to the tenderness and edible quality of their muscles. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we constructed 32 cDNA sequencing libraries and obtained high-quality read data. Gene expression analysis revealed 278 and 372 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EDL and SOL muscles, respectively, including genes related to muscle contraction, metabolism, and development. Intersection analysis of DEGs between genders showed that 60 DEGs were significantly different in both male and female horses. GO annotation and KEGG analysis further elucidated the roles of these DEGs in muscle structure, function, and cellular signaling. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and identification of hub genes provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle growth and development. Finally, the reliability of the DEGs data was validated through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study not only enhances our understanding of the biological characteristics of horse muscles but also provides potential molecular targets for improving horse muscle performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Wanlu Ren
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zixiang Han
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yaqi Zeng
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jun Meng
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Xinkui Yao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Urumqi 830052, China.
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14
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Huang P, Zhu Y, Qin J. Research advances in understanding crosstalk between organs and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:4147-4164. [PMID: 39044309 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has increased dramatically worldwide. Being overweight or obese can lead to various conditions, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may further lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have identified a link between β-cell dysfunction and the severity of MetS, with multiple organs and tissues affected. Identifying the associations between pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and organs is critical. Research has focused on the interaction between the liver, gut and pancreatic β-cells. However, the mechanisms and related core targets are still not perfectly elucidated. The aims of this review were to summarize the mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and to explore the potential pathogenic pathways and targets that connect the liver, gut, adipose tissue, muscle, and brain to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunling Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Gonçalves ÁC, Vieira JF, Rodrigues ACN, Murta EFC, Marchini JS, Michelin MA, Portari GV. Benfotiamine Supplementation Increases Thiamine in Muscle of Endurance-Trained Mice and Affects the Energy Metabolism. J Nutr Metab 2024; 2024:6102611. [PMID: 39364430 PMCID: PMC11449553 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Benfotiamine, a synthetic analog of thiamine, offers greater bioavailability compared to other thiamine salts and increases thiamine stores upon oral intake. Thiamine is essential for energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral benfotiamine supplementation on energy metabolism, particularly the Krebs cycle function, in the muscle of endurance-trained mice, and to assess its impact on endurance performance. Methods Twenty-five mice were randomly assigned to four groups: a standard diet with sedentary behavior (Sta-Sed), a benfotiamine-supplemented diet with sedentary behavior (Ben-Sed), a standard diet with swimming training (Sta-Tr), and a benfotiamine-supplemented diet with swimming training (Ben-Tr). The trained groups underwent five weekly swimming sessions for six weeks, followed by an exhaustive test. Thiamine and its esters were measured in erythrocytes and gastrocnemius muscle. Gene expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHa) and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), along with levels of pyruvic, lactic, and hydroxybutyric acids in muscle, was analyzed. Results The benfotiamine-supplemented groups had higher thiamine levels in erythrocytes and muscles compared to the standard-diet groups. No differences were observed in PDHa and OGDH gene expression. The Ben-Tr group exhibited increased muscle lactic acid levels and a higher lactic acid to pyruvic acid ratio compared to the sedentary groups. Hydroxybutyric acid levels were also elevated in the Ben-Tr group. No significant differences in exhaustive test duration were found between the groups. Conclusion Benfotiamine supplementation increases thiamine levels in erythrocytes and muscle but does not affect the gene expression of thiamine-dependent enzymes. Although it alters energy metabolism in trained muscle, it does not enhance endurance performance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álisson C. Gonçalves
- Department of NutritionFederal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology Goiano, Campus Urutaí, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Jéssica F. Vieira
- Oncology Research InstituteFederal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Eddie F. C. Murta
- Oncology Research InstituteFederal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Júlio S. Marchini
- Department of Medical ClinicUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia A. Michelin
- Oncology Research InstituteFederal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V. Portari
- Department of NutritionFederal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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16
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Locatelli G, Stangel M, Rooks D, Boesch J, Pierrel E, Summermatter S. The therapeutic potential of exercise for improving mobility in multiple sclerosis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1477431. [PMID: 39345788 PMCID: PMC11427913 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1477431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) with subsequent axonal and neuronal degeneration. These changes are associated with a broad range of symptoms including skeletal muscle dysfunction. Importantly, musculoskeletal impairments manifest in various ways, compromise the quality of life and often precede the later development of mobility disability. As current standard disease modifying therapies for MS predominantly act on neuroinflammation, practitioners and patients face an unmet medical need for adjunct therapies specifically targeting skeletal muscle function. This review is intended to detail the nature of the skeletal muscle dysfunctions common in people with MS (pwMS), describe underlying intramuscular alterations and outline evidence-based therapeutic approaches. Particularly, we discuss the emerging role of aerobic and resistance exercise for reducing the perception of fatigue and increasing muscle strength in pwMS. By integrating the most recent literature, we conclude that both exercise interventions should ideally be implemented as early as possible as they can address MS-specific muscle impairments. Aerobic exercise is particularly beneficial for pwMS suffering from fatigue and metabolic impairments, while resistance training efficiently counters muscle weakness and improves the perception of fatigue. Thus, these lifestyle interventions or possible pharmacological mimetics have the potential for improving the general well-being and delaying the functional declines that are relevant to mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Locatelli
- Immunology Disease Area, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stangel
- Translational Medicine, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rooks
- Translational Medicine, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Julian Boesch
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eliane Pierrel
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Summermatter
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Indelicato E, Wanschitz J, Löscher W, Boesch S. Skeletal Muscle Involvement in Friedreich Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9915. [PMID: 39337401 PMCID: PMC11432698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder triggered by a deficit of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. At a cellular level, frataxin deficiency results in insufficient iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and impaired mitochondrial function and adenosine triphosphate production. The main clinical manifestation is a progressive balance and coordination disorder which depends on the involvement of peripheral and central sensory pathways as well as of the cerebellum. Besides the neurological involvement, FRDA affects also the striated muscles. The most prominent manifestation is a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which also represents the major determinant of premature mortality. Moreover, FRDA displays skeletal muscle involvement, which contributes to the weakness and marked fatigue evident throughout the course of the disease. Herein, we review skeletal muscle findings in FRDA generated by functional imaging, histology, as well as multiomics techniques in both disease models and in patients. Altogether, these findings corroborate a disease phenotype in skeletal muscle and support the notion of progressive mitochondrial damage as a driver of disease progression in FRDA. Furthermore, we highlight the relevance of skeletal muscle investigations in the development of biomarkers for early-phase trials and future therapeutic strategies in FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Julia Wanschitz
- Unit for Neuromuscular Disorders and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Unit for Neuromuscular Disorders and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Fu T, Liu H, Shi C, Zhao H, Liu F, Xia Y. Global hotspots and trends of nutritional supplements in sport and exercise from 2000 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:146. [PMID: 39267150 PMCID: PMC11397053 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional supplements for sports and exercise (NSSE) can facilitate the exogenous replenishment of the body. This study provides the first extensive overview of NSSE research through bibliometric and visual analyses. METHODS We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for literature related to "NSSE" from 1st January 2000 to 8th March 2024. A total of 1744 articles were included. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix R package software were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Research in the NSSE can be divided into steady growth, exponential growth, fluctuating stage, and surge stages. The United States is the most active country in this field. In recent years, the leading countries have been Croatia, Colombia, Slovenia, Chile, Egypt, China, and Thailand. The Australian Institute of Sports is the top research institution in terms of number of publications. Burke, LM from Australia published the most articles. Research in this area has primarily been published in Nutrients in Switzerland. The study population mainly consisted of men, and postmenopausal women were the main focus of the female group. Coronary heart and cardiovascular diseases continue to dominate research. CONCLUSION Research on the NSSE is developing rapidly, with an annual growth trend. Insulin resistance, sports nutrition, inflammation, alpha-linolenic acid, limb strength performance, female sex, and gut microbiota are the focus of the current research and trends for future research. Future research should focus on improving the scientific training system for athletes and quality of training and life for the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Fu
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China.
- Research Center of Sports Reform and Development, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China.
- Institute of Physical Fitness and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China.
| | - Chaofan Shi
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Haichang Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Feiyue Liu
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Yingjian Xia
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
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Yuan Y, Xiang X, Jiang X, Liu Y, Zhang M, Lu L, Zhang X, Liu X, Tan Q, Zhang J. Ginkgo Biloba Bioactive Phytochemicals against Age-Related Diseases: Evidence from a Stepwise, High-Throughput Research Platform. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1104. [PMID: 39334763 PMCID: PMC11429439 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The seeds of ginkgo biloba L (GB) have been widely used worldwide. This study investigated the bioefficacies of whole GB seed powder (WGP) retaining the full nutrients of ginkgo against aging, atherosclerosis, and fatigue. The experimental results indicated that WGP lowered brain monoamine oxidase and serum malondialdehyde levels, enhanced thymus/spleen indexes, and improved learning ability, and delayed aging in senescent mice. WGP regulated lipid levels and prevented atherosclerosis by reducing triglycerides, lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and decreasing the atherosclerosis index. WGP improved exercise performance by reducing blood lactate accumulation and extending exhaustive swimming and climbing times, improved energy storage by increasing muscle/liver glycogen levels, and relieved physical fatigue. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 270 potential targets of WGP that play roles in cellular pathways related to inflammation inhibition, metabolism regulation, and anti-cellular senescence, etc. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified 10 hub genes, including FOS, ESR1, MAPK8, and SP1 targets. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that the bioactive compounds of WGP bound well to the targets. This study suggests that WGP exerts prominent health-promoting effects through multiple components, targets, and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Yingju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Luyang Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Xinping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Qunyou Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China;
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (Y.Y.); (X.X.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
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20
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Li J, Zhang S, Li C, Zhang X, Shan Y, Zhang Z, Bo H, Zhang Y. Endurance exercise-induced histone methylation modification involved in skeletal muscle fiber type transition and mitochondrial biogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21154. [PMID: 39256490 PMCID: PMC11387812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly heterogeneous tissue, and its contractile proteins are composed of different isoforms, forming various types of muscle fiber, each of which has its own metabolic characteristics. It has been demonstrated that endurance exercise induces the transition of muscle fibers from fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fiber type. Herein, we discover a novel epigenetic mechanism for muscle contractile property tightly coupled to its metabolic capacity during muscle fiber type transition with exercise training. Our results show that an 8-week endurance exercise induces histone methylation remodeling of PGC-1α and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in the rat gastrocnemius muscle, accompanied by increased mitochondrial biogenesis and an elevated ratio of slow-twitch to fast-twitch fibers. Furthermore, to verify the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and AMPK in exercise-regulated epigenetic modifications and muscle fiber type transitions, mouse C2C12 myotubes were used. It was shown that rotenone activates ROS/AMPK pathway and histone methylation enzymes, which then promote mitochondrial biogenesis and MHC slow isoform expression. Mitoquinone (MitoQ) partially blocking rotenone-treated model confirms the role of ROS in coupling mitochondrial biogenesis with muscle fiber type. In conclusion, endurance exercise couples mitochondrial biogenesis with MHC slow isoform by remodeling histone methylation, which in turn promotes the transition of fast-twitch to slow-twitch muscle fibers. The ROS/AMPK pathway may be involved in the regulation of histone methylation enzymes by endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300299, China
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Department of sport science, Tianjin normal university, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhui Shan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Hai Bo
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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21
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Kwong WH, Li JQ, Lui CH, Luk HT, Lau KF, Seaby R, Sidarta A. Reliability and Convergent Validity of Endurance Indices Derived from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Electromyography during a Bilateral Hanging Task in Amateur Rock Climbers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:161. [PMID: 39311269 PMCID: PMC11417833 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The ability to hang for a long time before forearm muscle fatigue is a crucial element of successful rock climbing. Electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are also useful for measuring hemoglobin oxygenation for determining muscle endurance. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of muscle endurance indices derived using EMG and NIRS during a hanging task. Methods: A bilateral hanging task was designed to compare rock climbers and non-climbers in terms of the slopes of changes in the median frequency (MDF) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) of forearm muscles. Results: A total of 17 participants were included in each of the two groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient (3,1) values derived for the MDF slope, TOI slope, ΔTOI, percentage change in oxygen concentration, and ΔHbt were 0.85, 0.73, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.65, respectively. The MDF slope, TOI slope, and ΔHbt differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.05). The MDF slope, TOI slopes, and ΔHbt were significantly correlated with V-scale levels for climbing (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The satisfactory reliability and observed distinctions between climbers and non-climbers imply that these indices are a valuable tool for assessing muscle endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Hang Kwong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (J.-Q.L.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-T.L.); (K.-F.L.)
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (J.-Q.L.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-T.L.); (K.-F.L.)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chun-Hung Lui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (J.-Q.L.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-T.L.); (K.-F.L.)
| | - Hiu-Tung Luk
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (J.-Q.L.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-T.L.); (K.-F.L.)
| | - King-Fung Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (J.-Q.L.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-T.L.); (K.-F.L.)
| | - Ray Seaby
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
| | - Ananda Sidarta
- Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
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22
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Zhang Y, Xiong W, Ren Y, Huang J, Wang X, Wang O, Cai S. Preparation of Rutin-Whey Protein Pickering Emulsion and Its Effect on Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle Movement Ability. Nutrients 2024; 16:3050. [PMID: 39339650 PMCID: PMC11435083 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplementation enriched with protein and antioxidants has been demonstrated to effectively strengthen skeletal muscle function and mitigate the risk of sarcopenia. Dietary protein has also been a common carrier to establish bioactive delivery system. Therefore, in this study, a Pickering emulsion delivery system for rutin was constructed with whey protein, and its structural characteristics, bioaccessibility, and molecular interactions were investigated. In the in vivo study, zebrafish (n = 10 in each group), which have a high genetic homology to humans, were treated with dexamethasone to induce sarcopenia symptoms and were administered with rutin, whey protein and the Pickering emulsion, respectively, for muscle movement ability evaluation, and zebrafish treated with or without dexamethasone was used as the model and the control groups, respectively. Results showed that the Pickering emulsion was homogeneous in particle size with a rutin encapsulation rate of 71.16 ± 0.15% and loading efficiency of 44.48 ± 0.11%. Rutin in the Pickering emulsion exhibited a significantly higher bioaccessibility than the free form. The interaction forces between rutin and the two components of whey proteins (α-LA and β-LG) were mainly van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. After treatment for 96 h, the zebrafish in Picking emulsion groups showed a significantly increased high-speed movement time and frequency, an increased level of ATP, prolonged peripheral motor nerve length, and normalized muscular histological structure compared with those of the model group (p < 0.05). The results of this study developed a new strategy for rutin utilization and provide scientific evidence for sarcopenia prevention with a food-derived resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenyun Xiong
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yijing Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ou Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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23
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McGee SL, Hargreaves M. Exercise performance and health: Role of GLUT4. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:479-483. [PMID: 39243828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT4 is integral for optimal skeletal muscle performance during exercise, as well as for metabolic health. Physiological regulation of GLUT4 translocation during exercise and increased GLUT4 expression following exercise involves multiple, redundant signalling pathways. These include effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS contribute to GLUT4 translocation that increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise and stimulate signalling pathways that increase GLUT4 expression. Conversely, ROS can also inhibit GLUT4 translocation and expression in metabolic disease states. The opposing roles of ROS in GLUT4 regulation are ultimately linked to the metabolic state of skeletal muscle and the intricate mechanisms involved give insights into pathways critical for exercise performance and implicated in metabolic health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 3217, Australia.
| | - Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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24
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Cho S, Shaban SM, Song R, Zhang H, Yang D, Kim MJ, Xiong Y, Li X, Madsen K, Wapnick S, Zhang S, Chen Z, Kim J, Guinto G, Li M, Lee M, Nuxoll RF, Shajari S, Wang J, Son S, Shin J, Aranyosi AJ, Wright DE, Kim TI, Ghaffari R, Huang Y, Kim DH, Rogers JA. A skin-interfaced microfluidic platform supports dynamic sweat biochemical analysis during human exercise. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eado5366. [PMID: 39231240 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ado5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Blood lactate concentration is an established circulating biomarker for measuring muscle acidity and can be evaluated for monitoring endurance, training routines, or athletic performance. Sweat is an alternative biofluid that may serve similar purposes and offers the advantage of noninvasive collection and continuous monitoring. The relationship between blood lactate and dynamic sweat biochemistry for wearable engineering applications in physiological fitness remains poorly defined. Here, we developed a microfluidic wearable band with an integrated colorimetric timer and biochemical assays that temporally captures sweat and measures pH and lactate concentration. A colorimetric silver nanoplasmonic assay was used to measure the concentration of lactate, and dye-conjugated SiO2 nanoparticle-agarose composite materials supported dynamic pH analysis. We evaluated these sweat biomarkers in relation to blood lactate in human participant studies during cycling exercise of varying intensity. Iontophoresis-generated sweat pH from regions of actively working muscles decreased with increasing heart rate during exercise and was negatively correlated with blood lactate concentration. In contrast, sweat pH from nonworking muscles did not correlate with blood lactate concentration. Changes in sweat pH and blood lactate were observed in participants who did not regularly exercise but not in individuals who regularly exercised, suggesting a relationship to physical fitness and supporting further development for noninvasive, biochemical fitness evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soongwon Cho
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Samy M Shaban
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Ruihao Song
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Haohui Zhang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dasom Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Precision Biology Research Center (PBRC), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yirui Xiong
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiuyuan Li
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Kenneth Madsen
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sarena Wapnick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shifan Zhang
- Department of Statistics, School of Computer, Data and Information Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Departments of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gianna Guinto
- College of Science and Health, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Michelle Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ravi F Nuxoll
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Shajari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Seongeun Son
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander J Aranyosi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Epicore Biosystems, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Departments of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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25
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Reisman EG, Botella J, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Stroud DA, Granata C, Chandrasiri OS, Ramm G, Oorschot V, Caruana NJ, Bishop DJ. Fibre-specific mitochondrial protein abundance is linked to resting and post-training mitochondrial content in the muscle of men. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7677. [PMID: 39227581 PMCID: PMC11371815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyses of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle have mostly used whole-muscle samples, where results may be confounded by the presence of a mixture of type I and II muscle fibres. Using our adapted mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow, we provide insights into fibre-specific mitochondrial differences in the human skeletal muscle of men before and after training. Our findings challenge previous conclusions regarding the extent of fibre-type-specific remodelling of the mitochondrial proteome and suggest that most baseline differences in mitochondrial protein abundances between fibre types reported by us, and others, might be due to differences in total mitochondrial content or a consequence of adaptations to habitual physical activity (or inactivity). Most training-induced changes in different mitochondrial functional groups, in both fibre types, were no longer significant in our study when normalised to changes in markers of mitochondrial content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Reisman
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Javier Botella
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German, Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Owala S Chandrasiri
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo EM, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo EM, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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26
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Zhu X, Jiao J, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang H. The Release of Lipolytic Hormones during Various High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Regimens and Their Effects on Fat Loss. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:559-570. [PMID: 39228779 PMCID: PMC11366854 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the release of lipolytic hormones during various high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and their effects on fat loss. 39 young women categorized as obese (with a body fat percentage (BFP) ≥30%) were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: all-out sprint interval training (SIT, n =10); supramaximal HIIT (HIIT120, 120%V̇O2peak, n = 10); HIIT (HIIT90, 90%V̇O2peak, n = 10), or MICT, (60%V̇O2peak, n = 9) for a twelve-week observation period consisting of 3 to 4 exercise sessions per week. Serum epinephrine (EPI) and growth hormone (GH) were measured during the 1st, 20th, and 44th training sessions. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), whole-body fat mass (FM) and BFP were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the 1st and 20th sessions, significant increases in EPI (p < 0.05) were observed post-exercise in HIIT120 and HIIT90, but not in SIT and MICT. In the 44th session, the increased EPI was found in SIT, HIIT120, and HIIT90, but not in MICT (p < 0.05). For the GH, a significant increase was observed post-exercise in all groups in the three sessions. The increased EPI and GH returned to baselines 3 hours post-exercise. After the 12-week intervention, significant reductions in FM and BFP were found in all groups, while reductions in BW and BMI were only found in the SIT and HIIT groups. Greater reductions in FM and BFP, in comparison to MICT, were observed in the SIT and HIIT groups (p < 0.05). 12-week SIT, HIIT120, and HIIT90, in comparison to MICT, were more efficacious in fat reduction in obese women, partly benefiting from the greater release of lipolytic hormones during training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangui Zhu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Human Movement and Bio-Information, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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27
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Wensveen FM, Šestan M, Polić B. The immunology of sickness metabolism. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:1051-1065. [PMID: 39107476 PMCID: PMC11364700 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Everyone knows that an infection can make you feel sick. Although we perceive infection-induced changes in metabolism as a pathology, they are a part of a carefully regulated process that depends on tissue-specific interactions between the immune system and organs involved in the regulation of systemic homeostasis. Immune-mediated changes in homeostatic parameters lead to altered production and uptake of nutrients in circulation, which modifies the metabolic rate of key organs. This is what we experience as being sick. The purpose of sickness metabolism is to generate a metabolic environment in which the body is optimally able to fight infection while denying vital nutrients for the replication of pathogens. Sickness metabolism depends on tissue-specific immune cells, which mediate responses tailored to the nature and magnitude of the threat. As an infection increases in severity, so do the number and type of immune cells involved and the level to which organs are affected, which dictates the degree to which we feel sick. Interestingly, many alterations associated with metabolic disease appear to overlap with immune-mediated changes observed following infection. Targeting processes involving tissue-specific interactions between activated immune cells and metabolic organs therefore holds great potential for treating both people with severe infection and those with metabolic disease. In this review, we will discuss how the immune system communicates in situ with organs involved in the regulation of homeostasis and how this communication is impacted by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Šestan
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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28
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Narang BJ, Manferdelli G, Millet GP, Debevec T. Effects of preterm birth on the pattern of altitude acclimatization at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise across three days at 3,375 m. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:765-777. [PMID: 39052770 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00291.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth elicits long-lasting physiological effects in various organ systems, potentially modulating exercise and environmental stress responses. To establish whether prematurely-born adults respond uniquely during early high-altitude acclimatization at rest and during exercise, 17 healthy adults born preterm (gestational age < 32 wk) and 17 term-born, age- and aerobic-capacity-matched, control participants completed a three-day high-altitude sojourn (3,375 m). Oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, and hemodynamic responses, as well as pulse oxygen saturation, brain tissue saturation index (TSI), and skeletal muscle TSI, were measured daily at rest and during moderate-intensity steady-state exercise bouts. In general, the prematurely-born group displayed comparable acclimatization responses at rest, with similar ventilation and cardiac output observed between groups throughout. Resting brain TSI was, however, higher in the preterm group upon arrival at high altitude (72 ± 7% vs. 68 ± 3%; d = 1.20). Absolute exercising oxygen uptake was lower in the preterm participants (P = 0.047), with this group displaying lower exercising cardiac output underpinned by reduced stroke volume (both P = 0.035). Nevertheless, exercising minute ventilation (V̇e) did not differ between groups (P = 0.237) while brain TSI (70 ± 6% vs. 66 ± 3%; d = 1.35) and pulse oxygen saturation (85 ± 3% vs. 82 ± 5%; d = 1.52) were higher with prematurity upon arrival to high altitude. These findings suggest that healthy prematurely-born adults exhibit comparable early acclimatization patterns to their term-born counterparts and better maintain cerebral oxygenation at rest. Together, these data suggest that prematurely-born adults should not be discouraged from high-altitude sojourns involving physical activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The acclimatization pattern across three days at 3,375 m, at rest and during moderate-intensity exercise, was similar between healthy adults born prematurely and their term-born counterparts. Preterm adults free from respiratory complications were found to better maintain brain tissue and capillary oxygen saturation at high altitudes, whereas the term-born group experienced larger altitude-induced reductions. Despite apparent cardiac limitations, preterm individuals tolerated exercise similarly to their term-born peers. These findings underscore the notion that preterm birth per se does not predispose healthy adults to decreased altitude tolerance during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Narang
- Department for Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tadej Debevec
- Department for Automatics, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Xia T, Li J, Chen L. Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load. Am J Prev Med 2024; 67:328-338. [PMID: 38648906 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leisure-time physical activity decreases allostatic load, a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational physical activity is unknown. This study examined associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load among workers in the U.S. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6,944 U.S. workers aged 20-64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Allostatic load was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems. Associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were examined using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023. RESULTS Vigorous leisure-time physical activity inversely associated with allostatic load among all workers (count ratio=0.68, 95% CI=0.62, 0.76) and in each sex- and age-stratified group as well as in each race/ethnicity-stratified group. Vigorous occupational physical activity positively associated with allostatic load only among females aged 20-44 years (1.38, 95% CI=1.10, 1.73). Inverse associations of vigorous leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were similar in young females with high or low vigorous occupational physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing vigorous leisure-time physical activity associates with a lower allostatic load for all workers, whereas increasing vigorous occupational physical activity associates with a higher allostatic load only in young females. Promoting vigorous leisure-time physical activity reduces allostatic load among young females with either low or high vigorous occupational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Ma J, Li H, Anwer S, Umer W, Antwi-Afari MF, Xiao EB. Evaluation of sweat-based biomarkers using wearable biosensors for monitoring stress and fatigue: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:677-703. [PMID: 38581242 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2330242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. This systematic review aims to report the evaluation of wearable biosensors for the real-time measurement of stress and fatigue using sweat biomarkers. Methods. A thorough search of the literature was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and IEEE. A three-step approach for selecting research articles was developed and implemented. Results. Based on a systematic search, a total of 17 articles were included in this review. Lactate, cortisol, glucose and electrolytes were identified as sweat biomarkers. Sweat-based biomarkers are frequently monitored in real time using potentiometric and amperometric biosensors. Wearable biosensors such as an epidermal patch or a sweatband have been widely validated in scientific literature. Conclusions. Sweat is an important biofluid for monitoring general health, including stress and fatigue. It is becoming increasingly common to use biosensors that can measure a wide range of sweat biomarkers to detect fatigue during high-intensity work. Even though wearable biosensors have been validated for monitoring various sweat biomarkers, such biomarkers can only be used to assess stress and fatigue indirectly. In general, this study may serve as a driving force for academics and practitioners to broaden the use of wearable biosensors for the real-time assessment of stress and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
| | - Waleed Umer
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, UK
| | | | - Eric Bo Xiao
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, People's Republic of China
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Park SY, Jung SR, Kim JY, Kim YW, Sung HK, Park SY, Doh KO, Koh JH. Lactate promotes fatty acid oxidation by the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial respiration in muscles of obese mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C619-C633. [PMID: 38981606 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Lower oxidative capacity in skeletal muscles (SKMs) is a prevailing cause of metabolic diseases. Exercise not only enhances the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) capacity of SKMs but also increases lactate levels. Given that lactate may contribute to tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux and impact monocarboxylate transporter 1 in the SKMs, we hypothesize that lactate can influence glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the mechanism underlying lactate-driven FAO regulation in the SKM of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Lactate was administered to DIO mice immediately after exercise for over 3 wk. We found that increased lactate levels enhanced energy expenditure mediated by fat metabolism during exercise recovery and decreased triglyceride levels in DIO mice SKMs. To determine the lactate-specific effects without exercise, we administered lactate to mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 wk. Similar to our exercise conditions, lactate increased FAO, TCA cycle activity, and mitochondrial respiration in the SKMs of HFD-fed mice. In addition, under sufficient FA conditions, lactate increased uncoupling protein-3 abundance via the NADH-NAD+ shuttle. Conversely, ATP synthase abundance decreased in the SKMs of HFD mice. Taken together, our results suggest that lactate amplifies the adaptive increase in FAO capacity mediated by the TCA cycle and mitochondrial respiration in SKMs under sufficient FA abundance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lactate administration post-exercise promotes triglyceride content loss in skeletal muscles (SKMs) and reduced body weight. Lactate enhances fatty acid oxidation in the SKMs of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice due to enhanced mitochondrial oxygen consumption. In addition, lactate restores the malate-aspartate shuttle, which is reduced by a HFD, and activates the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle in SKMs. Interestingly, supraphysiological lactate facilitates uncoupling protein-3 expression through NADH/NAD+, which is enhanced under high-fat levels in SKMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Yi Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ryun Jung
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Oh Doh
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Koh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Minibayeva FV, Rassabina AE, Zakirjanova GF, Fedorov NS, Khabibrakhmanova VR, Galeeva EI, Kuznetsova EA, Malomouzh AI, Petrov AM. Protective properties of melanin from lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) HOFFM. In models of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106127. [PMID: 39019238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is a dark pigment from the group of phenolic or indole polymers with inherent biocompatibility and antioxidant capacity. In extremophilic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria, melanin is responsible for protective properties against hostile environments. Herein, the ability of melanin extracted from L. pulmonaria to counteract oxidative stress and related damages was studied in the mouse diaphragm, the main respiratory muscle. Initial in vitro experiments demonstrated ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing, antioxidant and metal chelating activities of melanin. This melanin can form nanoparticles and stabile colloidal system at concentration of 5 μg/ml. Pretreatment of the muscle with melanin (5 μg/ml) markedly reduced UV-induced increase in intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as antimycin A-mediated enhancement in mitochondrial ROS production accompanied by lipid peroxidation and membrane asymmetry loss. In addition, melanin attenuated suppression of neuromuscular transmission and alterations of contractile responses provoked by hydrogen peroxide. Thus, this study shed the light on the perspectives of the application of a lichen melanin as a protective component for treatment of skeletal muscle disorders, which are accompanied with an increased ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida V Minibayeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia.
| | - Anna E Rassabina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Nikita S Fedorov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Venera R Khabibrakhmanova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I Galeeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Eva A Kuznetsova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Kazan National Research Technical University, 10, K. Marx St., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, Box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Mediсal University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia.
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Quaresma MVLDS, Mancin L, Paoli A, Mota JF. The interplay between gut microbiome and physical exercise in athletes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:428-433. [PMID: 39083429 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbiome regulates several health and disease-related processes. However, the potential bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and physical exercise remains uncertain. Here, we review the evidence related to the gut microbiome in athletes. RECENT FINDINGS The effect of physical exercise on the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelial cells depends on the type, volume, and intensity of the activity. Strenuous exercise negatively impacts the intestinal microbiome, but adequate training and dietary planning could mitigate these effects. An increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations can modulate signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, contributing to greater metabolic efficiency, preserving muscle glycogen, and consequently optimizing physical performance and recovery. Furthermore, higher SCFAs concentrations appear to lower inflammatory response, consequently preventing an exacerbated immune response and reducing the risk of infections among athletes. Regarding dietary interventions, the optimal diet composition for targeting the athlete's microbiome is not yet known. Likewise, the benefits or harms of using probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics are not well established, whereas prebiotics appear to optimize SCFAs production. SUMMARY The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating health, performance, and recovery in athletes. SCFAs appear to be the main intestinal metabolite related to these effects. Nutritional strategies focusing on the intestinal microbiome need to be developed and tested in well controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Mancin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- Human Inspired Technology Research Center HIT, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - João Felipe Mota
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Kunimura K, Nakamoto M, Ushijima M. S-1-Propenylcysteine Enhances Endurance Capacity of Mice by Stimulating Fatty Acid Metabolism via Muscle Isoform of Carnitine Acyltransferase-1. J Nutr 2024; 154:2707-2716. [PMID: 39053609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance is an important capacity to sustain healthy lifestyles. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been reported to exert an endurance-enhancing effect in clinical and animal studies, although little is known about its active ingredients and mechanism of action. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the potential effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur amino acid in AGE, on the swimming endurance of mice, and examined its mechanism of action by a metabolomics-based approach. METHODS Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (6 wk old) were orally administered either water (control) or S1PC (6.5 mg/kg/d) for 2 wk. The swimming duration to exhaustion was measured at 24 h after the final administration. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the plasma samples obtained from mice after 40-min submaximal swimming bouts. Subsequently, the enzyme activity of carnitine acyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and the content of malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were quantified in heart, skeletal muscles, and liver of mice. RESULTS The duration time of swimming was substantially increased in the S1PC-treated mice as compared with the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the plasma concentration of the metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism, in particular medium- or long-chain acylcarnitines in the mice treated with S1PC. Moreover, the administration of S1PC significantly enhanced the CPT-1 activity with the concomitant decrease in the malonyl-CoA content in the heart and skeletal muscles. These effects of S1PC were accompanied by the elevation of the acetyl-CoA and ATP levels to enhance the energy production in those tissues. CONCLUSIONS S1PC is a key constituent responsible for the endurance-enhancing effect of AGE. This study suggests that S1PC helps provide energy during endurance exercise by increasing fatty acid metabolism via CPT-1 activation in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Chen Z, He Y, Huang Y, Qiu C, Zhu C, Zhou D, Gan Z, Gao X, Wan G. Metabolic Profiling of Cochlear Organoids Identifies α-Ketoglutarate and NAD + as Limiting Factors for Hair Cell Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308032. [PMID: 38993037 PMCID: PMC11425867 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells are the sensory cells responsible for transduction of acoustic signals. In mammals, damaged hair cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Reprogramming of the surrounding supporting cells to functional hair cells represent a novel strategy to hearing restoration. However, cellular processes governing the efficient and functional hair cell reprogramming are not completely understood. Employing the mouse cochlear organoid system, detailed metabolomic characterizations of the expanding and differentiating organoids are performed. It is found that hair cell differentiation is associated with increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity and reactive oxidative species generation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicate reduced expression of oxidoreductases and tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The metabolic decoupling between ETC and TCA cycle limits the availability of the key metabolic cofactors, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Reduced expression of NAD+ in cochlear supporting cells by PGC1α deficiency further impairs hair cell reprogramming, while supplementation of α-KG and NAD+ promotes hair cell reprogramming both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal metabolic rewiring as a central cellular process during hair cell differentiation, and highlight the insufficiency of key metabolites as a metabolic barrier for efficient hair cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNo. 321 Zhongshan RoadNanjing210008China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Yihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Cui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNo. 321 Zhongshan RoadNanjing210008China
| | - Danxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNo. 321 Zhongshan RoadNanjing210008China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical SchoolModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyMOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineModel Animal Research Center of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing210032China
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNo. 321 Zhongshan RoadNanjing210008China
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Esteves JV, Stanford KI. Exercise as a tool to mitigate metabolic disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C587-C598. [PMID: 38981607 PMCID: PMC11427015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, notably obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have reached alarming proportions and constitute a significant global health challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In contrast, exercise training emerges as a potent intervention, exerting numerous positive effects on metabolic health through adaptations to the metabolic tissues. Here, we reviewed the major features of our current understanding with respect to the intricate interplay between metabolic diseases and key metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, describing some of the main underlying mechanisms driving pathogenesis, as well as the role of exercise to combat and treat obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Victor Esteves
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Ramos PM, Wohlgemuth SE, Gingerich CA, Hawryluk B, Smith MT, Bell LC, Scheffler TL. Postmortem mitochondria function in longissimus lumborum of Angus and Brahman steers. Meat Sci 2024; 215:109538. [PMID: 38772311 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria function and integrity may impact postmortem metabolism and meat quality development. Adaptations in heat tolerant Brahman may persist to limit cellular stress postmortem. Our objective was to evaluate glycolysis, pH decline, and mitochondria function in longissimus lumborum (LL) from Angus and Brahman steers (N = 28) early postmortem (1 to 6 h) and after rigor (24 h). We evaluated metabolites of anaerobic glycolysis, ATP, pH, and temperature, and determined mitochondria oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in permeabilized fibers. The main effects of breed (b) and time (t) and the interaction were tested. Brahman LL contained greater ATP during the first 6 h postmortem; Brahman also tended to exhibit a slower pH decline (b × t, P = 0.07) and more rapid temperature decline (b × t, P < 0.001), but metabolites of anaerobic glycolysis were not different. Mitochondria in Brahman and Angus LL were well-coupled and respired at 1 h postmortem. However, outer membrane integrity became increasingly compromised postmortem (t, P < 0.001). Brahman tended to exhibit greater electron transport system capacity (b, P < 0.1) and had greater capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (complex I and II substrates) at 6 h compared with Angus (P < 0.001). In totality, greater ATP, slower pH decline, and enhanced mitochondria capacity indicate that Brahman possess mitochondrial properties or cellular adaptations that help protect the cell during energy stress postmortem. Slower pH and more rapid temperature decline in LL from Brahman may also help preserve mitochondria function postmortem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Ramos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Stephanie E Wohlgemuth
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States of America
| | - Chloe A Gingerich
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Briana Hawryluk
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Morgan T Smith
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Lindsey C Bell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Tracy L Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America.
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Perna S, Doria C, Trezza A, Tucci M, Martini D, Del Bo' C, Bianchi E, Borrelli M, Vinelli V, Leone A, Mambrini S, Bertoli S, Cè E, Battezzati A, Porrini M, Esposito F, Riso P. Effect of acute meal and long-term intake of a Mediterranean Diet providing different amounts of carbohydrates on physical performance and biomarkers in non-professional strength athletes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:609-621. [PMID: 39028137 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2379823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the effect of an acute meal and long-term intake of Mediterranean Diet (MD) on different parameters such as strength, physical performance, body composition and blood markers in a group of non-professional athletes who practice a strength activity. Thirteen volunteers completed two 8-week dietary interventions in a randomised, cross-over design. Also an acute study was performed. Subjects received a MD High in carbohydrates, characterised by at least five portions of pasta/week and an average 55-60% of daily energy derived from carbohydrates, versus an MD reduced in carbohydrates, with less than two portions of pasta/week and an average of 40-45% of daily energy provided by carbohydrates. Mainly, data did not show significant differences for the parameters analysed, except for Elbow Flexor maximum voluntary contraction (p = .039). Results enlighten that increasing total carbohydrates intake, as typically in the MD, does not negatively affect physical performance, body composition and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Trezza
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tucci
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ellis Bianchi
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Borrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Vinelli
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Mambrini
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Battezzati
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status and the Development of Dietary Intervention Strategies (ICANS-DIS), DeFENS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Chakraborty K, Burman R, Nisar S, Miller S, Loschinskey Z, Wu S, Li Y, Bag AK, Khan A, Goodenough C, Wilson N, Haris M, McCormack SE, Reddy R, Ness K, Finkel R, Bagga P. Reliability of In Vivo Creatine-Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CrCEST) MRI in Calf Skeletal Muscle of Healthy Volunteers at 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39212126 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) is important for ATP generation and its dysfunction leads to exercise intolerance. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) is a useful, noninvasive technique for mtOXPHOS assessment but has limitations. Creatine-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) MRI is a potential alternative to assess muscle bioenergetics. PURPOSE To evaluate the interscan repeatability, intra- and interobserver reproducibility of CrCEST during mild plantar flexion exercise. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Twenty healthy volunteers (age 37.6 ± 12.4 years, 11 females). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T/CEST imaging using gradient echo readout. ASSESSMENT τCrCEST (postexercise Cr recovery time) was assessed in two scans for each participant, following mild plantar flexion exercises targeting the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and soleus (Sol) muscles. Three observers measured τCrCEST for interobserver reproducibility. Three readings by one observer were used to measure intraobserver reproducibility. Two scans were used for within-participant interscan repeatability. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t tests, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation were conducted. Bland-Altman plots were used to analyze the interobserver variability. A P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was excellent intra- (ICC∈ 0.94 - 0.98 $$ \in \left[0.94-0.98\right] $$ ) and interobserver (ICC∈ 0.9 - 0.98 $$ \in \left[0.9-0.98\right] $$ ) reproducibility, with moderate interscan repeatability for τCrCEST in LG and MG (ICC∈ 0.54 - 0.74 $$ \in \left[0.54-0.74\right] $$ ) and poor-to-moderate interscan repeatability in Sol (ICC∈ 0.24 - 0.53 $$ \in \left[0.24-0.53\right] $$ ). Excellent interobserver reproducibility was confirmed by Bland-Altman plots (fixed bias P-value∈ 0.08 - 0.87 $$ \in \left[0.08-0.87\right] $$ ). DATA CONCLUSION CrCEST MRI shows promise in assessing muscle bioenergetics by evaluating τCrCEST during mild plantar flexion exercise with reasonable reliability, particularly in LG and MG. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturee Chakraborty
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ritambhar Burman
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saorla Miller
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zachary Loschinskey
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Asim K Bag
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ayaz Khan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chelsea Goodenough
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Neil Wilson
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shana E McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirsten Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard Finkel
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Kim T, Hwang D, Kyun S, Jang I, Kim SW, Park HY, Hwang H, Lim K, Kim J. Exogenous Lactate Treatment Immediately after Exercise Promotes Glycogen Recovery in Type-II Muscle in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2831. [PMID: 39275149 PMCID: PMC11397291 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that lactate intake has a positive effect on glycogen recovery after exercise. However, it is important to verify the effect of lactate supplementation alone and the timing of glycogen recovery. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effect of lactate supplementation immediately after exercise on glycogen recovery in mice liver and skeletal muscle at 1, 3, and 5 h after exercise. Mice were randomly divided into the sedentary, exercise-only, lactate, and saline-treated groups. mRNA expression and activation of glycogen synthesis and lactate transport-related factors in the liver and skeletal muscle were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Skeletal muscle glycogen concentration showed an increasing trend in the lactate group compared with that in the control group at 3 and 5 h after post-supplementation. Additionally, exogenous lactate supplementation significantly increased the expression of core glycogen synthesis enzymes, lactate transporters, and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha 1 in the skeletal muscles. Conversely, glycogen synthesis, lactate transport, and glycogen oxidation to acetyl-CoA were not significantly affected in the liver by exogenous lactate supplementation. Overall, these results suggest that post-exercise lactate supplement enables glycogen synthesis and recovery in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Sturdy RE, Astorino TA. Post-exercise metabolic response to kettlebell complexes vs. high intensity functional training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05579-z. [PMID: 39153081 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the magnitude of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) between kettlebell complexes (KC) and high-intensity functional training (HIFT) and identified predictors of the EPOC response. METHODS Active men (n = 11) and women (n = 10) (age 25 ± 6 yr) initially completed testing of resting energy expenditure and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), followed by lower and upper-body muscle endurance testing. On two subsequent days separated by ≥ 48 h, participants completed KC requiring 6 sets of kettlebell exercises (pushups, deadlifts, goblet squats, rows, and swings) with 60 s recovery between sets, and HIFT requiring 6 sets of bodyweight exercises (mountain climbers, jump squats, pushups, and air squats) with 60 s recovery. During exercise, gas exchange data and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were acquired and post-exercise, EPOC was assessed for 60 min. RESULTS Results showed no difference in EPOC (10.7 ± 4.5 vs. 11.6 ± 2.7 L, p = 0.37), and VO2 and ventilation (VE) were significantly elevated for 30 and 60 min post-exercise in response to KC and HIFT. For KC and HIFT, HRmean and post-exercise BLa (R2 = 0.37) and post-exercise BLa and VE (R2 = 0.52) explained the greatest shared variance of EPOC. CONCLUSION KC and HIFT elicit similar EPOC and elevation in VO2 which is sustained for 30-60 min post-exercise, leading to 55 extra calories expended. Results show no association between aerobic fitness and EPOC, although significant associations were revealed for mean HR as well as post-exercise VE and BLa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Sturdy
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.
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Archacki D, Zieliński J, Ciekot-Sołtysiak M, Zarębska EA, Kusy K. Sex Differences in the Energy System Contribution during Sprint Exercise in Speed-Power and Endurance Athletes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4812. [PMID: 39200953 PMCID: PMC11355823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A high level of specific metabolic capacity is essential for maximal sprinting in both male and female athletes. Various factors dictate sex differences in maximal power production and energy utilization. This study aims to compare the contribution of energy systems between male and female athletes with similar sport-specific physiological adaptations during a 15-s sprint exercise. Methods: The endurance group consisted of 17 males (23 ± 7 y) and 17 females (20 ± 2 y). The speed-power group included 14 males (21.1 ± 2.6 y) and 14 females (20 ± 3 y). The contribution of phosphagen, glycolytic, and aerobic systems was determined using the three-component PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: Significant differences were observed in the energy expenditure for all systems and total energy expenditure between males and females in both groups (p = 0.001-0.013). The energy expenditure in kJ for individual systems (phosphagen-glycolytic-aerobic) was 35:25:7 vs. 20:16:5 in endurance males vs. female athletes, respectively. In the speed-power group, male athletes expended 33:37:6 kJ and female athletes expended 21:25:4 kJ, respectively. The percentage proportions did not differ between males and females in any system. The contribution of the phosphagen-glycolytic-aerobic systems was 52:37:11 vs. 48:39:13 in endurance male and female athletes, respectively. For speed-power males vs. female athletes, the proportions were 42:50:8 vs. 41:50:9, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the differences in body composition, mechanical output, and absolute energy expenditure, the energy system contribution appears to have a similar metabolic effect between male and female athletes engaged in sprint exercises with similar sport-related adaptations. The magnitude and profile of sex differences are related to sports discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Archacki
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi Street 27/39, 61-871 Poznań, Poland; (J.Z.); (M.C.-S.); (E.A.Z.); (K.K.)
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43
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Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Nastos GG, Papanikolaou K, Bailey SJ, Kritsiligkou P, Nikolaidis MG. Evidence-based sports supplements: A redox analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:62-77. [PMID: 39147071 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming number of sports supplements on the market, only seven are currently recognized as effective. Biological functions are largely regulated through redox reactions, yet no comprehensive analysis of the redox properties of these supplements has been compiled. Here, we analyze the redox characteristics of these seven supplements: bicarbonates, beta-alanine, caffeine, creatine, nitrates, carbohydrates, and proteins. Our findings suggest that all sports supplements exhibit some degree of redox activity. However, the precise physiological implications of these redox properties remain unclear. Future research, employing unconventional perspectives and methodologies, will reveal new redox pixels of the exercise physiology and sports nutrition picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece.
| | - James N Cobley
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | | | - Stephen J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paraskevi Kritsiligkou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Guan J, Sun Y, Fan Y, Liang J, Liu C, Yu H, Liu J. Effects and neural mechanisms of different physical activity on major depressive disorder based on cerebral multimodality monitoring: a narrative review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1406670. [PMID: 39188405 PMCID: PMC11345241 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1406670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is currently the most common psychiatric disorder in the world. It characterized by a high incidence of disease with the symptoms like depressed mood, slowed thinking, and reduced cognitive function. Without timely intervention, there is a 20-30% risk of conversion to treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and a high burden for the patient, family and society. Numerous studies have shown that physical activity (PA) is a non-pharmacological treatment that can significantly improve the mental status of patients with MDD and has positive effects on cognitive function, sleep status, and brain plasticity. However, the physiological and psychological effects of different types of PA on individuals vary, and the dosage profile of PA in improving symptoms in patients with MDD has not been elucidated. In most current studies of MDD, PA can be categorized as continuous endurance training (ECT), explosive interval training (EIT), resistance strength training (RST), and mind-body training (MBT), and the effects on patients' depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and sleep varied. Therefore, the present study was based on a narrative review and included a large number of existing studies to investigate the characteristics and differences in the effects of different PA interventions on MDD. The study also investigated the characteristics and differences of different PA interventions in MDD, and explained the neural mechanisms through the results of multimodal brain function monitoring, including the intracranial environment and brain structure. It aims to provide exercise prescription and theoretical reference for future research in neuroscience and clinical intervention in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Sports, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Fan
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- Department of Physical Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology Oxbridge College, Kunming, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haohan Yu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Liu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Vigh-Larsen JF, Junge N, Cialdella-Kam L, Tomás R, Young L, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L. Testing in Intermittent Sports-Importance for Training and Performance Optimization in Adult Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1505-1537. [PMID: 39004796 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Performance in intermittent sports relies on the interplay between multiple physiological systems determining the capacity to perform short explosive efforts as well as repeated intense actions with limited recovery over the course of an entire game. Testing should reflect these demands to allow for sport- and position-specific capacity analyses that eventually may translate into optimized training and improved performance. This may include individual load management and optimized training prescription, intensity targeting for specific positions or individual athletes, as well as benchmarking for monitoring of training progression and enhanced engagement of athletes. This review provides an overview of available tests in different exercise domains identified as relevant (from assessment of single explosive actions to intermittent endurance capacity), forming the basis for recommendations on how to compose a comprehensive yet feasible test battery that may be integrated into the seasonal competition and training plan. The test procedures should cover the performance spectrum of relevance for the individual athlete-also in team sports to account for positional differences. We emphasize the benefits of sport-specific tests, highlight parameters of importance for test standardization, and discuss how the applied test battery may be supplemented with secondary tests directed toward specific energy systems to allow for more in-depth analyses when required (e.g., in terms of an underperforming athlete). The synergy between testing and tracking of match performance (utilizing time-motion or global positioning systems) is highlighted, and although tracking cannot substitute for testing, combining the tools may provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological demands and performance during competition contextualized to the athletes' maximal exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicklas Junge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Lynn Cialdella-Kam
- Warfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA
| | - Rita Tomás
- Portugal Football School, Federação Portuguesa de Futebol Avenida das Seleções, Oeiras, PORTUGAL
| | - Laura Young
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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Emmert ME, Emmert AS, Goh Q, Cornwall R. Sexual dimorphisms in skeletal muscle: current concepts and research horizons. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:274-299. [PMID: 38779763 PMCID: PMC11343095 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00529.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex compositional and functional nature of skeletal muscle makes this organ an essential topic of study for biomedical researchers and clinicians. An additional layer of complexity is added with the consideration of sex as a biological variable. Recent research advances have revealed sexual dimorphisms in developmental biology, muscle homeostasis, adaptive responses, and disorders relating to skeletal muscle. Many of the observed sex differences have hormonal and molecular mechanistic underpinnings, whereas others have yet to be elucidated. Future research is needed to investigate the mechanisms dictating sex-based differences in the various aspects of skeletal muscle. As such, it is necessary that skeletal muscle biologists ensure that both female and male subjects are represented in biomedical and clinical studies to facilitate the successful testing and development of therapeutics for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Emmert
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew S Emmert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Qingnian Goh
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Roger Cornwall
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Voet JG, Lamberts RP, Viribay A, de Koning JJ, van Erp T. Durability and Underlying Physiological Factors: How Do They Change Throughout a Cycling Season in Semiprofessional Cyclists? Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:809-819. [PMID: 38871342 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate how cycling time-trial (TT) performance changes over a cycling season, both in a "fresh" state and in a "fatigued" state (durability). Additionally, the aim was to explore whether these changes are related to changes in underlying physiological factors such as gross efficiency, energy expenditure (EE), and substrate oxidation (fat oxidation [FatOx] and carbohydrate oxidation [CarbOx]). METHODS Sixteen male semiprofessional cyclists visited the laboratory on 3 occasions during a cycling season (PRE, START, and IN) and underwent a performance test in both fresh and fatigued states (after 38.1 [4.9] kJ/kg), containing a submaximal warm-up for the measurement of gross efficiency, EE, FatOx, and CarbOx and a maximal TT of 1 (TT1min) and 10 minutes (TT10min). Results were compared across states (fresh vs fatigued) and periods (PRE, START, and IN). RESULTS The average power output (PO) in TT1min decreased (P < .05) from fresh to fatigued state across all observed periods, whereas there was no change in the PO in TT10min. Over the course of the season, the PO in TT1min in the fatigued state improved more compared with the PO in TT1min in the fresh state. Furthermore, while EE did not significantly change, there was an increase in FatOx and a decrease in CarbOx toward the fatigued state. These changes diminished during the cycling season (IN), indicating a greater contribution of CarbOx in the fatigued state. CONCLUSIONS TT1min performance is more sensitive to fatigue compared with TT10min. Also, during a cycling season, durability improves more when compared with fresh maximal POs, which is also observed in the changes in substrate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens G Voet
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P Lamberts
- Division of Movement Science and Exercise Therapy (MSET), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Aitor Viribay
- Physiology, Nutrition and Sport, Glut4Science, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Jos J de Koning
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Erp
- Division of Movement Science and Exercise Therapy (MSET), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Kohn TA, Knobel S, Donaldson B, van Boom KM, Blackhurst DM, Peart JM, Jensen J, Tordiffe ASW. Does sex matter in the cheetah? Insights into the skeletal muscle of the fastest land animal. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247284. [PMID: 39023116 PMCID: PMC11418166 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The cheetah is considered the fastest land animal, but studies on their skeletal muscle properties are scarce. Vastus lateralis biopsies, obtained from male and female cheetahs as well as humans, were analysed and compared for fibre type and size, and metabolism. Overall, cheetah muscle had predominantly type IIX fibres, which was confirmed by the myosin heavy chain isoform content (mean±s.d. type I: 17±8%, type IIA: 21±6%, type IIX: 62±12%), whereas human muscle contained predominantly type I and IIA fibres (type I: 49±14%, type IIA: 43±8%, type IIX: 7±7%). Cheetahs had smaller fibres than humans, with larger fibres in the males compared with their female counterparts. Citrate synthase (16±6 versus 28±7 µmol min-1 g-1 protein, P<0.05) and 3-hydroxyacyl co-enzyme A dehydrogenase (30±11 versus 47±15 µmol min-1 g-1 protein, P<0.05) activities were lower in cheetahs than in humans, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity was 6 times higher in cheetahs (2159±827 versus 382±161 µmol min-1 g-1 protein, P<0.001). The activities of creatine kinase (4765±1828 versus 6485±1298, P<0.05 µmol min-1 g-1 protein) and phosphorylase (111±29 versus 216±92 µmol min-1 g-1 protein) were higher in humans, irrespective of the higher type IIX fibres in cheetahs. Superoxide dismutase and catalase, markers of antioxidant capacity, were higher in humans, but overall antioxidant capacity was higher in cheetahs. To conclude, fibre type, fibre size and metabolism differ between cheetahs and humans, with limited differences between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tertius A. Kohn
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7530, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Samantha Knobel
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Byron Donaldson
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Kathryn M. van Boom
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7530, South Africa
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Dee M. Blackhurst
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - James M. Peart
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0863 Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian S. W. Tordiffe
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research and Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
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Lin X, Zhang J, Kong X, Li Y, Xu X, Du L, Zhang JL. Exercise-induced changes in intramuscular total creatine concentration measured with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A pilot study. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16171. [PMID: 39095332 PMCID: PMC11296883 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Total amount of creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine, or total creatine (tCr), may have a significant impact on the performance of skeletal muscles. In sports such as bodybuilding, it is popular to take Cr supplements to maintain tCr level. However, no study has explored the quantitative relationship between exercise intensity and the induced change in muscle's tCr. In this well-controlled study, straight-leg plantar flexion with specific load and duration was performed by 10 healthy subjects inside an MRI scanner, immediately followed by 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) for measuring tCr concentration in gastrocnemius. For repeatability assessment, the experiment was repeated for each subject on two different days. Across all the subjects, baseline tCr was 46.6 ± 2.4 mM, ranging from 40.6 to 50.1 mM; with exercise, tCr significantly decreased by 10.9% ± 1.0% with 6-lb load and 21.0% ± 1.3% with 12-lb load (p < 0.0001). Between two different days, baseline tCr, percentage decrease induced by exercise with a 6-lb and 12-lb load differed by 2.2% ± 2.3%, 11.7% ± 6.0% and 4.9% ± 3.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed protocol of controlled exercise stimulation and MRS acquisition can reproducibly monitor tCr level and its exercise-induced change in skeletal muscles. The measured tCr level is sensitive to exercise intensity, so can be used to quantitatively assess muscle performance or fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangwei Kong
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanbin Li
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lianjun Du
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jeff L. Zhang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
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50
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Fountain WA, Bopp TS, Bene M, Walston JD. Metabolic dysfunction and the development of physical frailty: an aging war of attrition. GeroScience 2024; 46:3711-3721. [PMID: 38400874 PMCID: PMC11226579 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recently declared 2021-2030 the decade of healthy aging. Such emphasis on healthy aging requires an understanding of the biologic challenges aging populations face. Physical frailty is a syndrome of vulnerability that puts a subset of older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes including functional and cognitive decline, falls, hospitalization, and mortality. The physiology driving physical frailty is complex with age-related biological changes, dysregulated stress response systems, chronic inflammatory pathway activation, and altered energy metabolism all likely contributing. Indeed, a series of recent studies suggests circulating metabolomic distinctions can be made between frail and non-frail older adults. For example, marked restrictions on glycolytic and mitochondrial energy production have been independently observed in frail older adults and collectively appear to yield a reliance on the highly fatigable ATP-phosphocreatine (PCr) energy system. Further, there is evidence that age-associated impairments in the primary ATP generating systems (glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport) yield cumulative deficits and fail to adequately support the ATP-PCr system. This in turn may acutely contribute to several major components of the physical frailty phenotype including muscular fatigue, weakness, slow walking speed and, over time, result in low physical activity and accelerate reductions in lean body mass. This review describes specific age-associated metabolic declines and how they can collectively lead to metabolic inflexibility, ATP-PCr reliance, and the development of physical frailty. Further investigation remains necessary to understand the etiology of age-associated metabolic deficits and develop targeted preventive strategies that maintain robust metabolic health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Fountain
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Taylor S Bopp
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael Bene
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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