1
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Nigg JC, Castelló-Sanjuán M, Blanc H, Frangeul L, Mongelli V, Godron X, Bardin AJ, Saleh MC. Viral infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis via Sting-dependent NF-κB signaling in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2785-2800.e7. [PMID: 38823381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions influence intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity to modulate epithelial turnover and composition. Here, we investigated the functional impacts of viral infection on intestinal homeostasis and the mechanisms by which viral infection alters ISC activity. We report that Drosophila A virus (DAV) infection disrupts intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila by inducing sustained ISC proliferation, resulting in intestinal dysplasia, loss of gut barrier function, and reduced lifespan. We found that additional viruses common in laboratory-reared Drosophila also promote ISC proliferation. The mechanism of DAV-induced ISC proliferation involves progenitor-autonomous epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in enterocytes, and requires Sting-dependent nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) (Relish) activity. We further demonstrate that activating Sting-Relish signaling is sufficient to induce ISC proliferation, promote intestinal dysplasia, and reduce lifespan in the absence of infection. Our results reveal that viral infection can significantly disrupt intestinal physiology, highlight a novel role for Sting-Relish signaling, and support a role for viral infection in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C Nigg
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mauro Castelló-Sanjuán
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Frangeul
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vanesa Mongelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Godron
- DNA Script SAS, 67 Avenue de Fontainebleau, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Allison J Bardin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Viruses and RNA Interference Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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2
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Blackie L, Gaspar P, Mosleh S, Lushchak O, Kong L, Jin Y, Zielinska AP, Cao B, Mineo A, Silva B, Ameku T, Lim SE, Mao Y, Prieto-Godino L, Schoborg T, Varela M, Mahadevan L, Miguel-Aliaga I. The sex of organ geometry. Nature 2024; 630:392-400. [PMID: 38811741 PMCID: PMC11168936 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Organs have a distinctive yet often overlooked spatial arrangement in the body1-5. We propose that there is a logic to the shape of an organ and its proximity to its neighbours. Here, by using volumetric scans of many Drosophila melanogaster flies, we develop methods to quantify three-dimensional features of organ shape, position and interindividual variability. We find that both the shapes of organs and their relative arrangement are consistent yet differ between the sexes, and identify unexpected interorgan adjacencies and left-right organ asymmetries. Focusing on the intestine, which traverses the entire body, we investigate how sex differences in three-dimensional organ geometry arise. The configuration of the adult intestine is only partially determined by physical constraints imposed by adjacent organs; its sex-specific shape is actively maintained by mechanochemical crosstalk between gut muscles and vascular-like trachea. Indeed, sex-biased expression of a muscle-derived fibroblast growth factor-like ligand renders trachea sexually dimorphic. In turn, tracheal branches hold gut loops together into a male or female shape, with physiological consequences. Interorgan geometry represents a previously unrecognized level of biological complexity which might enable or confine communication across organs and could help explain sex or species differences in organ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blackie
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pedro Gaspar
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Salem Mosleh
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA
| | | | - Lingjin Kong
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuhong Jin
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Agata P Zielinska
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Boxuan Cao
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Mineo
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bryon Silva
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tomotsune Ameku
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Shu En Lim
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlan Mao
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Todd Schoborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Marta Varela
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Physics and Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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3
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Lindsey AR, Tennessen JM, Gelaw MA, Jones MW, Parish AJ, Newton IL, Nemkov T, D'Alessandro A, Rai M, Stark N. The intracellular symbiont Wolbachia alters Drosophila development and metabolism to buffer against nutritional stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.20.524972. [PMID: 36711506 PMCID: PMC9882369 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is a common symbiont of many arthropods and nematodes, well studied for its impacts on host reproductive biology. However, its broad success as a vertically transmitted infection cannot be attributed to manipulations of host reproduction alone. Using the Drosophila melanogaster model and their natively associated Wolbachia strain " w Mel", we show that Wolbachia infection supports fly development and buffers against nutritional stress. Wolbachia infection across several fly genotypes and a range of nutrient conditions resulted in reduced pupal mortality, increased adult emergence, and larger size. We determined that the exogenous supplementation of pyrimidines partially rescued developmental phenotypes in the Wolbachia -free flies, and that Wolbachia titers were responsive to reduced gene expression of the fly's de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway. In parallel, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that Wolbachia impacts larval biology far beyond pyrimidine metabolism. Wolbachia -infected larvae had strong signatures of shifts in glutathione and mitochondrial metabolism, plus significant changes in the expression of key developmental regulators including Notch , the insulin receptor ( lnR ), and the juvenile hormone receptor Methoprene-tolerant ( Met ). We propose that Wolbachia acts as a beneficial symbiont to support fly development and enhance host fitness, especially during periods of nutrient stress. SIGNIFICANCE Wolbachia is a bacterial symbiont of arthropods and nematodes, well described for its manipulations of arthropod reproduction. However, many have theorized there must be more to this symbiosis, even in well-studied Wolbachia- host relationships such as with Drosophila . Reproductive impacts alone cannot explain the success and ubiquity of this bacterium. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster and their native Wolbachia infections to show that Wolbachia supports fly development and significantly buffers flies against nutritional stress. These developmental advantages might help explain the ubiquity of Wolbachia infections.
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4
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Xiao Z, Ying W, Xing Z, Zhihui L, Qiuyu Z, Caijiao H, Changlong L, Shi H, Deng L, Zhenwen C, Jianquan N, Xueyun H, Xiaoyan D. Unexpected mutations occurred in CRISPR/Cas9 edited Drosophila analyzed by deeply whole genomic sequencing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29061. [PMID: 38596060 PMCID: PMC11002691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 possesses the most promising prospects as a gene-editing tool in post-genomic researches. It becomes an epoch-marking technique for the features of speed and convenience of genomic modification. However, it is still unclear whether CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing can cause irreversible damage to the genome. In this study, we successfully knocked out the WHITE gene in Drosophila, which governs eye color, utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Subsequently, we conducted high-throughput sequencing to assess the impact of this editing process on the stability of the entire genomic profile. The results revealed the presence of numerous unexpected mutations in the Drosophila genome, including 630 SNVs (Single Nucleotide Variants), 525 Indels (Insertion and Deletion) and 425 MSIs (microsatellite instability). Although the KO (knockout) specifically occurred on chromosome X, the majority of mutations were observed on chromosome 3, indicating that this effect is genome-wide and associated with the spatial structure between chromosomes, rather than being solely limited to the location of the KO gene. It is worth noting that most of the mutations occurred in the intergenic and intron regions, without exerting any significant on the function or healthy of the animal. In addition, the mutations downstream of the knockout gene well beyond the upstream. This study has found that gene editing can lead to unexpected mutations in the genome, but most of these mutations are harmless. This research has deepened our understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 and broadened its application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Ying
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhihui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Qiuyu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Caijiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Changlong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Deng
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhenwen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Jianquan
- Gene Regulatory Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huo Xueyun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Du Xiaoyan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Sulekh S, Ikegawa Y, Naito S, Oji A, Hiratani I, Yoo SK. A feedback loop that drives cell death and proliferation and its defect in intestinal stem cells. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302238. [PMID: 38296349 PMCID: PMC10830383 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell death and proliferation are at a glance dichotomic events, but occasionally coupled. Caspases, traditionally known to execute apoptosis, play non-apoptotic roles, but their exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, using Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs), we discovered that activation of caspases induces massive cell proliferation rather than cell death. We elucidate that a positive feedback circuit exists between caspases and JNK, which can simultaneously drive cell proliferation and cell death. In ISCs, signalling from JNK to caspases is defective, which skews the balance towards proliferation. Mechanistically, two-tiered regulation of the DIAP1 inhibitor rpr, through its transcription and its protein localization, exists. This work provides a conceptual framework that explains how caspases perform apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions in vivo and how ISCs accomplish their resistance to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakshi Sulekh
- https://ror.org/023rffy11 Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikegawa
- https://ror.org/023rffy11 Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saki Naito
- https://ror.org/023rffy11 Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asami Oji
- https://ror.org/023rffy11 Laboratory for Developmental Epigenetics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hiratani
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- https://ror.org/023rffy11 Laboratory for Developmental Epigenetics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- https://ror.org/023rffy11 Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
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6
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Sakizli U, Takano T, Yoo SK. GALDAR: A genetically encoded galactose sensor for visualizing sugar metabolism in vivo. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002549. [PMID: 38502638 PMCID: PMC10950222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugar metabolism plays a pivotal role in sustaining life. Its dynamics within organisms is less understood compared to its intracellular metabolism. Galactose, a hexose stereoisomer of glucose, is a monosaccharide transported via the same transporters with glucose. Galactose feeds into glycolysis and regulates protein glycosylation. Defects in galactose metabolism are lethal for animals. Here, by transgenically implementing the yeast galactose sensing system into Drosophila, we developed a genetically encoded sensor, GALDAR, which detects galactose in vivo. Using this heterologous system, we revealed dynamics of galactose metabolism in various tissues. Notably, we discovered that intestinal stem cells do not uptake detectable levels of galactose or glucose. GALDAR elucidates the role for galactokinase in metabolism of galactose and a transition of galactose metabolism during the larval period. This work provides a new system that enables analyses of in vivo sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğurcan Sakizli
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
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7
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Hikawa N, Kashio S, Miura M. Mating-induced increase of kynurenine in Drosophila ovary enhances starvation resistance of progeny. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105663. [PMID: 38246353 PMCID: PMC10882137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The maternal nutritional environment can impact progeny development, stress tolerance, and longevity. Such phenotypic variation of offspring resulting from the maternal environment is often referred to as the 'maternal effect' and is observed across taxa, including in humans. While some mechanisms behind maternal effects have been revealed, such as histone modification, many studies rely on drastic genetic or nutritional manipulation in describing these mechanisms. Here we aimed to reveal how the maternal environment is regulated under physiological conditions to affect the progeny. Specifically, we detailed metabolic regulation in oocytes in response to mating using Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that upon mating, the ovary metabolites shifted, predominantly toward increasing amino acids and the tryptophan/kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. This mating-induced increase in ovary Kyn was driven by increased Kyn production in the fat body, a functional counterpart of the mammalian liver and white adipose tissue and the source of Kyn storage for the ovary after mating. Furthermore, we show that maternal Kyn repression decreased the starvation resistance of progeny and that administering exogenous Kyn to the maternal generation enhanced the starvation resistance of female progeny. Taken together, these findings point to a previously unidentified role of fat body Kyn distribution during reproduction on progeny survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hikawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soshiro Kashio
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Sui Z, Wu Q, Geng J, Xiao J, Huang D. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated efficient white genome editing in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:5. [PMID: 38315256 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is the most straightforward genome-editing technology to date, enabling genetic engineering in many insects, including the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. The white gene plays a significant role in the multifarious life activities of insects, especially the pigmentation of the eyes. In this study, the white gene of H. illucens (Hiwhite) was cloned, identified, and bioinformatically analysed for the first time. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we found that the white gene was expressed in the whole body of the adult flies, particularly in Malpighian tubules and compound eyes. Furthermore, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing technology to successfully generate heritable Hiwhite mutants using two single guide RNAs. During Hiwhite genome editing, we determined the timing, method, and needle-pulling parameters for embryo microinjection by observing early embryonic developmental features. We used the CasOT program to obtain highly specific guide RNAs (gRNAs) at the genome-wide level. According to the phenotypes of Hiwhite knockout strains, the pigmentation of larval stemmata, imaginal compound eyes, and ocelli differed from those of the wild type. These phenotypes were similar to those observed in other insects harbouring white gene mutations. In conclusion, our results described a detailed white genome editing process in black soldier flies, which lays a solid foundation for intensive research on the pigmentation pathway of the eyes and provides a methodological basis for further genome engineering applications in black soldier flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxiao Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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9
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Nishida H, Albero AB, Onoue K, Ikegawa Y, Sulekh S, Sakizli U, Minami Y, Yonemura S, Wang YC, Yoo SK. Necrosensor: a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for visualizing necrosis in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060104. [PMID: 38156558 PMCID: PMC10836653 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, necrosis has been considered a passive process, which is induced by extreme stress or damage. However, recent findings of necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis, shed a new light on necrosis. It has been challenging to detect necrosis reliably in vivo, partly due to the lack of genetically encoded sensors to detect necrosis. This is in stark contrast with the availability of many genetically encoded biosensors for apoptosis. Here we developed Necrosensor, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor that detects necrosis in Drosophila, by utilizing HMGB1, which is released from the nucleus as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). We demonstrate that Necrosensor is able to detect necrosis induced by various stresses in multiple tissues in both live and fixed conditions. Necrosensor also detects physiological necrosis that occurs during spermatogenesis in the testis. Using Necrosensor, we discovered previously unidentified, physiological necrosis of hemocyte progenitors in the hematopoietic lymph gland of developing larvae. This work provides a new transgenic system that enables in vivo detection of necrosis in real time without any intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishida
- Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Onoue
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Kyoto University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shivakshi Sulekh
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ugurcan Sakizli
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu-Chiun Wang
- Laboratory for Epithelial Morphogenesis, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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10
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Pradhan SK, Karuppannasamy A, Sujatha PM, Nagaraja BC, Narayanappa AC, Chalapathi P, Dhawane Y, Bynakal S, Riegler M, Maligeppagol M, Ramasamy A. Embryonic microinjection of ribonucleoprotein complex (Cas9+sgRNA) of white gene in melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) produced white eye phenotype. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22059. [PMID: 37844014 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a major pest of cucurbitaceous crops, and causes substantial yield losses and economic costs. CRISPR/Cas9 is a rapid and effective site-specific genome editing tool for the generation of genetic changes that are stable and heritable. The CRISPR/Cas9 tool uses synthetically designed single guide RNA (sgRNA) that is complementary to the target gene and guides the Cas9 enzyme to perform nuclease activity by making double-strand breaks in the target DNA sequences. This tool can be effectively exploited to improve traits critical for the management of insect pests by targeting specific genes encoding these traits without the need of extensive genetic information. The white gene is an important gene responsible for the transport of body pigment precursor molecules. In this study, we produced effective mutagenesis of the white gene of Z. cucurbitae using the CRISPR/Cas9 tool with double sgRNA to target multiple sites of white to increase the efficiency in the generation of frame-shift mutations resulting in the white eye phenotype in adults. This was achieved through embryonic microinjection of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex in the pre-blastoderm embryo stage 1 h after embryo laying. Our success with the production of a white eye mutant fly by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis is important for the research on gene function and protein-level modifications in melon fly and forms the basis for the development of new genetic control strategies such as precision guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) for this pest of economic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Pradhan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashok Karuppannasamy
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Parvathy Madhusoodanan Sujatha
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhargava Chikmagalur Nagaraja
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anu Cholenahalli Narayanappa
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pradeep Chalapathi
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yogi Dhawane
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shivanna Bynakal
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Markus Riegler
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manamohan Maligeppagol
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Asokan Ramasamy
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
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11
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Okada M, Takano T, Ikegawa Y, Ciesielski H, Nishida H, Yoo SK. Oncogenic stress-induced Netrin is a humoral signaling molecule that reprograms systemic metabolism in Drosophila. EMBO J 2023:e111383. [PMID: 37140455 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer exerts pleiotropic, systemic effects on organisms, leading to health deterioration and eventually to organismal death. How cancer induces systemic effects on remote organs and the organism itself still remains elusive. Here we describe a role for NetrinB (NetB), a protein with a particularly well-characterized role as a tissue-level axon guidance cue, in mediating oncogenic stress-induced organismal, metabolic reprogramming as a systemic humoral factor. In Drosophila, Ras-induced dysplastic cells upregulate and secrete NetB. Inhibition of either NetB from the transformed tissue or its receptor in the fat body suppresses oncogenic stress-induced organismal death. NetB from the dysplastic tissue remotely suppresses carnitine biosynthesis in the fat body, which is critical for acetyl-CoA generation and systemic metabolism. Supplementation of carnitine or acetyl-CoA ameliorates organismal health under oncogenic stress. This is the first identification, to our knowledge, of a role for the Netrin molecule, which has been studied extensively for its role within tissues, in humorally mediating systemic effects of local oncogenic stress on remote organs and organismal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morihiro Okada
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanna Ciesielski
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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12
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13
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Hebbar S, Traikov S, Hälsig C, Knust E. Modulating the Kynurenine pathway or sequestering toxic 3-hydroxykynurenine protects the retina from light-induced damage in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010644. [PMID: 36952572 PMCID: PMC10035932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue health is regulated by a myriad of exogenous or endogenous factors. Here we investigated the role of the conserved Kynurenine pathway (KP) in maintaining retinal homeostasis in the context of light stress in Drosophila melanogaster. cinnabar, cardinal and scarlet are fly genes that encode different steps in the KP. Along with white, these genes are known regulators of brown pigment (ommochrome) biosynthesis. Using white as a sensitized genetic background, we show that mutations in cinnabar, cardinal and scarlet differentially modulate light-induced retinal damage. Mass Spectrometric measurements of KP metabolites in flies with different genetic combinations support the notion that increased levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OH-K) and Xanthurenic acid (XA) enhance retinal damage, whereas Kynurenic Acid (KYNA) and Kynurenine (K) are neuro-protective. This conclusion was corroborated by showing that feeding 3OH-K results in enhanced retinal damage, whereas feeding KYNA protects the retina in sensitized genetic backgrounds. Interestingly, the harmful effects of free 3OH-K are diminished by its sub-cellular compartmentalization. Sequestering of 3OH-K enables the quenching of its toxicity through conversion to brown pigment or conjugation to proteins. This work enabled us to decouple the role of these KP genes in ommochrome formation from their role in retinal homeostasis. Additionally, it puts forward new hypotheses on the importance of the balance of KP metabolites and their compartmentalization in disease alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Hebbar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Traikov
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Catrin Hälsig
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Ikegawa Y, Combet C, Groussin M, Navratil V, Safar-Remali S, Shiota T, Aouacheria A, Yoo SK. Evidence for existence of an apoptosis-inducing BH3-only protein, sayonara, in Drosophila. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110454. [PMID: 36727601 PMCID: PMC10107002 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells need to sense stresses to initiate the execution of the dormant cell death program. Since the discovery of the first BH3-only protein Bad, BH3-only proteins have been recognized as indispensable stress sensors that induce apoptosis. BH3-only proteins have so far not been identified in Drosophila despite their importance in other organisms. Here, we identify the first Drosophila BH3-only protein and name it sayonara. Sayonara induces apoptosis in a BH3 motif-dependent manner and interacts genetically and biochemically with the BCL-2 homologous proteins, Buffy and Debcl. There is a positive feedback loop between Sayonara-mediated caspase activation and autophagy. The BH3 motif of sayonara phylogenetically appeared at the time of the ancestral gene duplication that led to the formation of Buffy and Debcl in the dipteran lineage. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a bona fide BH3-only protein in Drosophila, thus providing a unique example of how cell death mechanisms can evolve both through time and across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christophe Combet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Groussin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vincent Navratil
- PRABI, Rhône-Alpes Bioinformatics Center, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,UMS 3601, Institut Français de Bioinformatique, IFB-Core, Évry, France
| | - Sabrina Safar-Remali
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Takuya Shiota
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan.,Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
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15
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Towarnicki SG, Youngson NA, Corley SM, St. John JC, Melvin RG, Turner N, Morris MJ, Ballard JWO. Ancestral dietary change alters the development of Drosophila larvae through MAPK signalling. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:299-311. [PMID: 35765944 PMCID: PMC9354765 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2088032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in a broad range of animal species have revealed phenotypes that are caused by ancestral life experiences, including stress and diet. Ancestral dietary macronutrient composition and quantity (over- and under-nutrition) have been shown to alter descendent growth, metabolism and behaviour. Molecules have been identified in gametes that are changed by ancestral diet and are required for transgenerational effects. However, there is less understanding of the developmental pathways altered by inherited molecules during the period between fertilization and adulthood. To investigate this non-genetic inheritance, we exposed great grand-parental and grand-parental generations to defined protein to carbohydrate (P:C) dietary ratios. Descendent developmental timing was consistently faster in the period between the embryonic and pupal stages when ancestors had a higher P:C ratio diet. Transcriptional analysis revealed extensive and long-lasting changes to the MAPK signalling pathway, which controls growth rate through the regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of both MAPK and rRNA pathways recapitulated the ancestral diet-induced developmental changes. This work provides insight into non-genetic inheritance between fertilization and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G. Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil A. Youngson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,The Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Susan M. Corley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jus C. St. John
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard G. Melvin
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- The Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- The Institute of Hepatology, The Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - J. William O. Ballard
- Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Victoria 3086, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,CONTACT J. William O. Ballard Department of Environment and Genetics, SABE, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC3086, Australia
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16
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Regan JC, Lu YX, Ureña E, Meilenbrock RL, Catterson JH, Kißler D, Fröhlich J, Funk E, Partridge L. Sexual identity of enterocytes regulates autophagy to determine intestinal health, lifespan and responses to rapamycin. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1145-1158. [PMID: 37118538 PMCID: PMC10154239 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological attenuation of mTOR presents a promising route for delay of age-related disease. Here we show that treatment of Drosophila with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan in females, but not in males. Female-specific, age-related gut pathology is markedly slowed by rapamycin treatment, mediated by increased autophagy. Treatment increases enterocyte autophagy in females, via the H3/H4 histone-Bchs axis, whereas males show high basal levels of enterocyte autophagy that are not increased by rapamycin feeding. Enterocyte sexual identity, determined by transformerFemale expression, dictates sexually dimorphic cell size, H3/H4-Bchs expression, basal rates of autophagy, fecundity, intestinal homeostasis and lifespan extension in response to rapamycin. Dimorphism in autophagy is conserved in mice, where intestine, brown adipose tissue and muscle exhibit sex differences in autophagy and response to rapamycin. This study highlights tissue sex as a determining factor in the regulation of metabolic processes by mTOR and the efficacy of mTOR-targeted, anti-aging drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Enric Ureña
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - James H Catterson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Disna Kißler
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenny Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emilie Funk
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
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17
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Bhattacharjee A, Ürmösi A, Jipa A, Kovács L, Deák P, Szabó Á, Juhász G. Loss of ubiquitinated protein autophagy is compensated by persistent cnc/NFE2L2/Nrf2 antioxidant responses. Autophagy 2022; 18:2385-2396. [PMID: 35184662 PMCID: PMC9543161 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2037852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62-type selective macroautophagy/autophagy receptors cross-link poly-ubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomal LC3/Atg8 proteins to deliver them for lysosomal degradation. Consequently, loss of autophagy leads to accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates that are also frequently seen in various human diseases, but their physiological relevance is incompletely understood. Here, using a genetically non-redundant Drosophila model, we show that specific disruption of ubiquitinated protein autophagy and concomitant formation of polyubiquitinated aggregates has hardly any effect on bulk autophagy, proteasome activity and fly healthspan. We find that accumulation of ref(2)P/SQSTM1 due to a mutation that disrupts its binding to Atg8a results in the co-sequestering of Keap1 and thus activates the cnc/NFE2L2/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. These mutant flies have increased tolerance to oxidative stress and reduced levels of aging-associated mitochondrial superoxide. Interestingly, ubiquitin overexpression in ref(2)P point mutants prevents the formation of large aggregates and restores the cargo recognition ability of ref(2)P, although it does not prevent the activation of antioxidant responses. Taken together, potential detrimental effects of impaired ubiquitinated protein autophagy are compensated by the aggregation-induced antioxidant response.Abbreviations: Atg8a: Autophagy-related 8a; cnc: cap-n-collar; IFM: indirect flight muscle; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; LIR: LC3-interacting region; NFE2L2/Nrf2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; PB1: Phox and Bem1; ref(2)P: refractory to sigma P; SAR: selective autophagy receptor; UBA: ubiquitin-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adél Ürmösi
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary,Doctoral School of Biology; University of Szeged; Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Jipa
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Péter Deák
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Áron Szabó
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary,Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary,CONTACT Gábor Juhász Institute of Genetics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Li X, Liu J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Wen Y, Ding K, Zou L, Liu X, Li A, Wang Y, Fu H, Huang M, Ding G, Zhou J. Jwa participates the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis via ERK/FBXW7-mediated NOTCH1/PPARγ/STAT5 axis and acts as a novel putative aging related gene. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5503-5521. [PMID: 36147468 PMCID: PMC9461671 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a rapid self-renewal and regenerated tissue of which the structural integrity is beneficial for maintaining health. The integrity of intestinal epithelium depends on the balance of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and the function of intestinal stem cells, which declines due to genetic defect or aging. Jwa participates in multiple cellular processes; it also responds to oxidative stress and repairs DNA damage. However, whether Jwa plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal renewal and regeneration is not clear. In the present study, we firstly described that the deletion of Jwa disturbed the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial renewal and regeneration. Jwa deficiency promoted NOTCH1 degradation in the ERK/FBXW7-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thus disturbing the PPARγ/STAT5 axis. These mechanisms might partially contribute to the reduction of intestinal stem cell function and alteration of intestinal epithelial cell lineage distribution, finally suppressing the renewal and regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Moreover, our results also revealed that Jwa was a novel putative aging related gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Wen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kun Ding
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Heling Fu
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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19
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Chen J, St Johnston D. De novo apical domain formation inside the Drosophila adult midgut epithelium. eLife 2022; 11:e76366. [PMID: 36169289 PMCID: PMC9545526 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult Drosophila midgut, basal intestinal stem cells give rise to enteroblasts that integrate into the epithelium as they differentiate into enterocytes. Integrating enteroblasts must generate a new apical domain and break through the septate junctions between neighbouring enterocytes, while maintaining barrier function. We observe that enteroblasts form an apical membrane initiation site (AMIS) when they reach the septate junction between the enterocytes. Cadherin clears from the apical surface and an apical space appears between above the enteroblast. New septate junctions then form laterally with the enterocytes and the AMIS develops into an apical domain below the enterocyte septate junction. The enteroblast therefore forms a pre-assembled apical compartment before it has a free apical surface in contact with the gut lumen. Finally, the enterocyte septate junction disassembles and the enteroblast/pre-enterocyte reaches the gut lumen with a fully formed brush border. The process of enteroblast integration resembles lumen formation in mammalian epithelial cysts, highlighting the similarities between the fly midgut and mammalian epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- The Gurdon Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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20
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Roy S, Juste SS, Sneider M, Auradkar A, Klanseck C, Li Z, Julio AHF, Lopez del Amo V, Bier E, Guichard A. Cas9/Nickase-induced allelic conversion by homologous chromosome-templated repair in Drosophila somatic cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0721. [PMID: 35776792 PMCID: PMC10883370 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in somatic cells is primarily accomplished by error-prone nonhomologous end joining and less frequently by precise homology-directed repair preferentially using the sister chromatid as a template. Here, a Drosophila system performs efficient somatic repair of both DSBs and single-strand breaks (SSBs) using intact sequences from the homologous chromosome in a process we refer to as homologous chromosome-templated repair (HTR). Unexpectedly, HTR-mediated allelic conversion at the white locus was more efficient (40 to 65%) in response to SSBs induced by Cas9-derived nickases D10A or H840A than to DSBs induced by fully active Cas9 (20 to 30%). Repair phenotypes elicited by Nickase versus Cas9 differ in both developmental timing (late versus early stages, respectively) and the production of undesired mutagenic events (rare versus frequent). Nickase-mediated HTR represents an efficient and unanticipated mechanism for allelic correction, with far-reaching potential applications in the field of gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara Roy
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Sara Sanz Juste
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Marketta Sneider
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Ankush Auradkar
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Carissa Klanseck
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Alison Henrique Ferreira Julio
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Lopez del Amo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Ethan Bier
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
| | - Annabel Guichard
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335, USA
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Mutations of γCOP Gene Disturb Drosophila melanogaster Innate Immune Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126499. [PMID: 35742941 PMCID: PMC9223523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) is a valuable experimental platform for modeling host–pathogen interactions. It is also commonly used to define innate immunity pathways and to understand the mechanisms of both host tolerance to commensal microbiota and response to pathogenic agents. Herein, we investigate how the host response to bacterial infection is mirrored in the expression of genes of Imd and Toll pathways when D. melanogaster strains with different γCOP genetic backgrounds are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Using microarray technology, we have interrogated the whole-body transcriptome of infected versus uninfected fruit fly males with three specific genotypes, namely wild-type Oregon, γCOPS057302/TM6B and γCOP14a/γCOP14a. While the expression of genes pertaining to Imd and Toll is not significantly modulated by P. aeruginosa infection in Oregon males, many of the components of these cascades are up- or downregulated in both infected and uninfected γCOPS057302/TM6B and γCOP14a/γCOP14a males. Thus, our results suggest that a γCOP genetic background modulates the gene expression profiles of Imd and Toll cascades involved in the innate immune response of D. melanogaster, inducing the occurrence of immunological dysfunctions in γCOP mutants.
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Ciesielski HM, Nishida H, Takano T, Fukuhara A, Otani T, Ikegawa Y, Okada M, Nishimura T, Furuse M, Yoo SK. Erebosis, a new cell death mechanism during homeostatic turnover of gut enterocytes. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001586. [PMID: 35468130 PMCID: PMC9037934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many adult tissues are composed of differentiated cells and stem cells, each working in a coordinated manner to maintain tissue homeostasis during physiological cell turnover. Old differentiated cells are believed to typically die by apoptosis. Here, we discovered a previously uncharacterized, new phenomenon, which we name erebosis based on the ancient Greek word erebos (“complete darkness”), in the gut enterocytes of adult Drosophila. Cells that undergo erebosis lose cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, organelles and fluorescent proteins, but accumulate Angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ance). Their nuclei become flat and occasionally difficult to detect. Erebotic cells do not have characteristic features of apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagic cell death. Inhibition of apoptosis prevents neither the gut cell turnover nor erebosis. We hypothesize that erebosis is a cell death mechanism for the enterocyte flux to mediate tissue homeostasis in the gut. It has been believed that gut enterocytes continuously die through apoptosis. However, this study shows that gut enterocytes die through a novel cell death mechanism, named erebosis. Erobotic cells lack the characteristic features of apoptotic, necrotic or autophagic cell death; instead they lose their cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and organelles, and their nuclei become flat and indistinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M. Ciesielski
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aya Fukuhara
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- Division of Cell structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morihiro Okada
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
SignificanceZinc deficiency in the human population, a major public health concern, can also be a consequence of nutritional deficiency in protein uptake. The discovery that tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine and xanthurenic acid are major zinc-binding ligands in insect cells establishes the kynurenine pathway as a regulator of systemic zinc homeostasis. Many biological processes influenced by zinc and the kynurenine pathway, including the regulation of innate and acquired immune responses to viral infections, have not been studied in light of the direct molecular links revealed in this study.
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Mutants of the white ABCG Transporter in Drosophila melanogaster Have Deficient Olfactory Learning and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312967. [PMID: 34884779 PMCID: PMC8657504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila's white gene encodes an ATP-binding cassette G-subfamily (ABCG) half-transporter. White is closely related to mammalian ABCG family members that function in cholesterol efflux. Mutants of white have several behavioral phenotypes that are independent of visual defects. This study characterizes a novel defect of white mutants in the acquisition of olfactory memory using the aversive olfactory conditioning paradigm. The w1118 mutants learned slower than wildtype controls, yet with additional training, they reached wildtype levels of performance. The w1118 learning phenotype is also found in the wapricot and wcoral alleles, is dominant, and is rescued by genomic white and mini-white transgenes. Reducing dietary cholesterol strongly impaired olfactory learning for wildtype controls, while w1118 mutants were resistant to this deficit. The w1118 mutants displayed higher levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters than wildtype under this low-cholesterol diet. Increasing levels of serotonin, dopamine, or both in the white mutants significantly improved w1118 learning. However, serotonin levels were not lower in the heads of the w1118 mutants than in wildtype controls. There were also no significant differences found in synapse numbers within the w1118 brain. We propose that the w1118 learning defect may be due to inefficient biogenic amine signaling brought about by altered cholesterol homeostasis.
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