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Jino K, Miyamoto K, Kanbara T, Unemura C, Horiguchi N, Ago Y. Allosteric inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D induces biphasic memory-enhancing effects associated with learning-activated signaling pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:805-816. [PMID: 38114603 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterase 4D negative allosteric modulators (PDE4D NAMs) enhance memory and cognitive function in animal models without emetic-like side effects. However, the relationship between increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and the effects of PDE4D NAM remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of hippocampal cAMP metabolism and synaptic activation in the effects of D159687, a PDE4D NAM, under baseline and learning-stimulated conditions. RESULTS At 3 mg/kg, D159687 enhanced memory formation and consolidation in contextual fear conditioning; however, neither lower (0.3 mg/kg) nor higher (30 mg/kg) doses induced memory-enhancing effects. A biphasic (bell-shaped) dose-response effect was also observed in a scopolamine-induced model of amnesia in the Y-maze, whereas D159687 dose-dependently caused an emetic-like effect in the xylazine/ketamine anesthesia test. At 3 mg/kg, D159687 increased cAMP levels in the hippocampal CA1 region after conditioning in the fear conditioning test, but not in the home-cage or conditioning cage (i.e., context only). By contrast, 30 mg/kg of D159687 increased hippocampal cAMP levels under all conditions. Although both 3 and 30 mg/kg of D159687 upregulated learning-induced Fos expression in the hippocampal CA1 30 min after conditioning, 3 mg/kg, but not 30 mg/kg, of D159687 induced phosphorylation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins such as cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR2A. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that learning-stimulated conditions can alter the effects of a PDE4D NAM on hippocampal cAMP levels and imply that a PDE4D NAM exerts biphasic memory-enhancing effects associated with synaptic plasticity-related signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Jino
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyamoto
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kanbara
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Chie Unemura
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Naotaka Horiguchi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka, 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Yukio Ago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Zhao H, Blokland A, Prickaerts J, Havekes R, Heckman PRA. Treatment with the selective PDE4B inhibitor A-33 or PDE4D inhibitor zatolmilast prevents sleep deprivation-induced deficits in spatial pattern separation. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114798. [PMID: 38056709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts hippocampus-dependent memory, particularly in the dentate gyrus (DG) region, an area crucial for pattern separation. Previous research showed that non-selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors like roflumilast can alleviate these deficits. However, it remains unclear whether these outcomes are specific to a particular subfamily of PDE4. Hence, this study examined the specific impact of PDE4B inhibitor (A-33) and PDE4D inhibitor (zatolmilast) on spatial pattern separation in sleep deprived mice. Results demonstrated that SD impairs pattern separation, but both zatolmilast and A-33 alleviate these effects. However, A-33 impaired pattern separation in non-sleep deprived animals. The cognitive benefits of these inhibitors after SD may arise from alterations in relevant signaling pathways in the DG. This study provides initial evidence that inhibiting PDE4B or PDE4D holds promise for mitigating memory deficits due to SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- Dept. Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Dept. Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Dept. Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expert Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Dept. Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Mussen F, Broeckhoven JV, Hellings N, Schepers M, Vanmierlo T. Unleashing Spinal Cord Repair: The Role of cAMP-Specific PDE Inhibition in Attenuating Neuroinflammation and Boosting Regeneration after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098135. [PMID: 37175842 PMCID: PMC10179671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by severe neuroinflammation and hampered neuroregeneration, which often leads to permanent neurological deficits. Current therapies include decompression surgery, rehabilitation, and in some instances, the use of corticosteroids. However, the golden standard of corticosteroids still achieves minimal improvements in functional outcomes. Therefore, new strategies tackling the initial inflammatory reactions and stimulating endogenous repair in later stages are crucial to achieving functional repair in SCI patients. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger in the central nervous system (CNS) that modulates these processes. A sustained drop in cAMP levels is observed during SCI, and elevating cAMP is associated with improved functional outcomes in experimental models. cAMP is regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by its hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE). Growing evidence suggests that inhibition of cAMP-specific PDEs (PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8) is an important strategy to orchestrate neuroinflammation and regeneration in the CNS. Therefore, this review focuses on the current evidence related to the immunomodulatory and neuroregenerative role of cAMP-specific PDE inhibition in the SCI pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Mussen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jana Van Broeckhoven
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gobejishvili L, Rodriguez WE, Bauer P, Wang Y, Soni C, Lydic T, Barve S, McClain C, Maldonado C. Novel Liposomal Rolipram Formulation for Clinical Application to Reduce Emesis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1301-1309. [PMID: 35535222 PMCID: PMC9078351 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s355796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram, has beneficial effects on tissue inflammation, injury and fibrosis, including in the liver. Since rolipram elicits significant CNS side-effects in humans (ie, nausea and emesis), our group developed a fusogenic lipid vesicle (FLV) drug delivery system that targets the liver to avoid adverse events. We evaluated whether this novel liposomal rolipram formulation reduces emesis. Methods C57Bl/6J male mice were used to compare the effect of three doses of free and FLV-delivered (FLVs-Rol) rolipram in a behavioral correlate model of rolipram-induced emesis. Tissue rolipram and rolipram metabolite levels were measured using LC-MS/MS. The effect of FLVs-Rol on brain and liver PDE4 activities was evaluated. Results Low and moderate doses of free rolipram significantly reduced anesthesia duration, while the same doses of FLVs-Rol had no effect. However, the onset and duration of adverse effects (shortening of anesthesia period) elicited by a high dose of rolipram was not ameliorated by FLVs-Rol. Post-mortem analysis of brain and liver tissues demonstrated that FLVs affected the rate of rolipram uptake by liver and brain. Lastly, administration of a moderate dose of FLVs-Rol attenuated endotoxin induced PDE4 activity in the liver with negligible effect on the brain. Discussion The findings that the low and moderate doses of FLVs-Rol did not shorten the anesthesia duration time suggest that FLV delivery prevented critical levels of drug from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to elicit CNS side-effects. However, the inability of high dose FLVs-Rol to prevent CNS side-effects indicates that there was sufficient unencapsulated rolipram to cross the BBB and shorten anesthesia duration. Notably, a moderate dose of FLVs-Rol was able to decrease PDE4 activity in the liver without affecting the brain. Taken together, FLVs-Rol has a strong potential for clinical application for the treatment of liver disease without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Leila Gobejishvili, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR 516, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA, Tel +1 (502) 852-0361, Fax +1 (502) 852-8927, Email
| | - Walter E Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Yali Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Todd Lydic
- Lipidomics Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig McClain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Claudio Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Correspondence: Claudio Maldonado, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 S. Preston Street, HSC A-1115, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA, Tel +1 (502) 852-1078, Email
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Honeywell KM, Doren EV, Szumlinski KK. Selective Inhibition of PDE4B Reduces Methamphetamine Reinforcement in Two C57BL/6 Substrains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4872. [PMID: 35563262 PMCID: PMC9099926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug, and the number of MA-related overdose deaths has reached epidemic proportions. Repeated MA exposure induces a robust and persistent neuroinflammatory response, and the evidence supports the potential utility of targeting neuroimmune function using non-selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating addiction-related behavior. Off-target, emetic effects associated with non-selective PDE4 blockade led to the development of isozyme-selective inhibitors, of which the PDE4B-selective inhibitor A33 was demonstrated recently to reduce binge drinking in two genetically related C57BL/6 (B6) substrains (C57BL/6NJ (B6NJ) and C57BL/6J (B6J)) that differ in their innate neuroimmune response. Herein, we determined the efficacy of A33 for reducing MA self-administration and MA-seeking behavior in these two B6 substrains. Female and male mice of both substrains were first trained to nose poke for a 100 mg/L MA solution followed by a characterization of the dose-response function for oral MA reinforcement (20 mg/L-3.2 g/L), the demand-response function for 400 mg/L MA, and cue-elicited MA seeking following a period of forced abstinence. During this substrain comparison of MA self-administration, we also determined the dose-response function for A33 pretreatment (0-1 mg/kg) on the maintenance of MA self-administration and cue-elicited MA seeking. Relative to B6NJ mice, B6J mice earned fewer reinforcers, consumed less MA, and took longer to reach acquisition criterion with males of both substrains exhibiting some signs of lower MA reinforcement than their female counterparts during the acquisition phase of the study. A33 pretreatment reduced MA reinforcement at all doses tested. These findings provide the first evidence that pretreatment with a selective PDE4B inhibitor effectively reduces MA self-administration in both male and female mice of two genetically distinct substrains but does not impact cue-elicited MA seeking following abstinence. If relevant to humans, these results posit the potential clinical utility of A33 or other selective PDE4B inhibitors for curbing active drug-taking in MA use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Honeywell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA; (K.M.H.); (E.V.D.)
| | - Eliyana Van Doren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA; (K.M.H.); (E.V.D.)
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA; (K.M.H.); (E.V.D.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA
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Assessment of PDE4 Inhibitor-Induced Hypothermia as a Correlate of Nausea in Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121355. [PMID: 34943270 PMCID: PMC8698290 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Type 4 cAMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) comprise a family of four isoenzymes, PDE4A to D, that hydrolyze and inactivate the second messenger cAMP. Non/PAN-selective PDE4 inhibitors, which inhibit all four PDE4 subtypes simultaneously, produce many promising therapeutic benefits, such as anti-inflammatory or cognition- and memory-enhancing effects. However, unwanted side effects, principally, nausea, diarrhea, and emesis, have long hampered their clinical and commercial success. Targeting individual PDE4 subtypes has been proposed for developing drugs with an improved safety profile, but which PDE4 subtype(s) is/are actually responsible for nausea and emesis remains ill-defined. Based on the observation that nausea is often accompanied by hypothermia in humans and other mammals, we used the measurement of core body temperatures of mice as a potential correlate of nausea induced by PDE4 inhibitors in humans. We find that selective inactivation of any of the four PDE4 subtypes did not change the body temperature of mice, suggesting that PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia (and hence nausea in humans) requires the simultaneous inhibition of multiple PDE4 subtypes. This finding contrasts with prior reports that proposed PDE4D as the subtype mediating these side effects of PDE4 inhibitors and suggests that subtype-selective inhibitors that target any individual PDE4 subtype, including PDE4D, may not cause nausea. Abstract Treatment with PAN-PDE4 inhibitors has been shown to produce hypothermia in multiple species. Given the growing body of evidence that links nausea and emesis to disturbances in thermoregulation in mammals, we explored PDE4 inhibitor-induced hypothermia as a novel correlate of nausea in mice. Using knockout mice for each of the four PDE4 subtypes, we show that selective inactivation of individual PDE4 subtypes per se does not produce hypothermia, which must instead require the concurrent inactivation of multiple (at least two) PDE4 subtypes. These findings contrast with the role of PDE4s in shortening the duration of α2-adrenoceptor-dependent anesthesia, a behavioral surrogate previously used to assess the emetic potential of PDE4 inhibitors, which is exclusively affected by inactivation of PDE4D. These different outcomes are rooted in the distinct molecular mechanisms that drive these two paradigms; acting as a physiologic α2-adrenoceptor antagonist produces the effect of PDE4/PDE4D inactivation on the duration of α2-adrenoceptor-dependent anesthesia, but does not mediate the effect of PDE4 inhibitors on body temperature in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that selective inhibition of any individual PDE4 subtype, including inhibition of PDE4D, may be free of nausea and emesis.
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Shi Y, Lv J, Chen L, Luo G, Tao M, Pan J, Hu X, Sheng J, Zhang S, Zhou M, Fan H. Phosphodiesterase-4D Knockdown in the Prefrontal Cortex Alleviates Memory Deficits and Synaptic Failure in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:722580. [PMID: 34539384 PMCID: PMC8446525 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.722580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)-dependent cAMP signaling plays a crucial role in cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, whether inhibition of PDE4 subtypes or their splice variants in the prefrontal cortex positively regulates synaptic plasticity and antioxidative stress, and reverses β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42, Aβ42)-induced cognitive impairment still need to be clarified. The present study determined whether and how PDE4D knockdown by microinjection of lenti-PDE4D-miRNA into the prefrontal cortex reversed Aβ1–42-induced cognitive impairment in behavioral, neurochemical, and molecular biology assays. The results suggested that PDE4D knockdown increased time to explore the novel object and decreased latency to leave the platform in novel object recognition and step-down passive avoidance tests. Further study suggested that PDE4D knockdown decreased the number of working memory errors in the eight-arm maze test. These effects were prevented by PKA inhibitor H89. The subsequent experiment suggested that inhibition of PDE4D in the prefrontal cortex rescued the long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic proteins’ expression; it also increased antioxidant response by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PDE4D knockdown also increased phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), and anti-apoptotic proteins’ expression, i.e., the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and decreased caspase-3 level in the prefrontal cortex. These findings extend the previous findings and support the hypothesis that RNA interference-mediated PDE4D knockdown in the prefrontal cortex ameliorated memory loss associated with synaptic failure in an AD mouse model by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchuan Shi
- Department of Medicine, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Luo
- Department of Medicine, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjia Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Brain Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Brain Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yi Chun University, Yichun, China
| | - Jianwen Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yi Chun University, Yichun, China
| | - Shanjin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yi Chun University, Yichun, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Jinshan Branch of the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yi Chun University, Yichun, China
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Paes D, Schepers M, Rombaut B, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T, Prickaerts J. The Molecular Biology of Phosphodiesterase 4 Enzymes as Pharmacological Targets: An Interplay of Isoforms, Conformational States, and Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1016-1049. [PMID: 34233947 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme family plays a pivotal role in regulating levels of the second messenger cAMP. Consequently, PDE4 inhibitors have been investigated as a therapeutic strategy to enhance cAMP signaling in a broad range of diseases, including several types of cancers, as well as in various neurologic, dermatological, and inflammatory diseases. Despite their widespread therapeutic potential, the progression of PDE4 inhibitors into the clinic has been hampered because of their related relatively small therapeutic window, which increases the chance of producing adverse side effects. Interestingly, the PDE4 enzyme family consists of several subtypes and isoforms that can be modified post-translationally or can engage in specific protein-protein interactions to yield a variety of conformational states. Inhibition of specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, or conformational states may lead to more precise effects and hence improve the safety profile of PDE4 inhibition. In this review, we provide an overview of the variety of PDE4 isoforms and how their activity and inhibition is influenced by post-translational modifications and interactions with partner proteins. Furthermore, we describe the importance of screening potential PDE4 inhibitors in view of different PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and conformational states rather than testing compounds directed toward a specific PDE4 catalytic domain. Lastly, potential mechanisms underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects are outlined. In this review, we illustrate that PDE4 inhibitors retain their therapeutic potential in myriad diseases, but target identification should be more precise to establish selective inhibition of disease-affected PDE4 isoforms while avoiding isoforms involved in adverse effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the PDE4 enzyme family is a therapeutic target in an extensive range of disorders, clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors has been hindered because of the adverse side effects. This review elaborately shows that safer and more effective PDE4 targeting is possible by characterizing 1) which PDE4 subtypes and isoforms exist, 2) how PDE4 isoforms can adopt specific conformations upon post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions, and 3) which PDE4 inhibitors can selectively bind specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and/or conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
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9
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Ponsaerts L, Alders L, Schepers M, de Oliveira RMW, Prickaerts J, Vanmierlo T, Bronckaers A. Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Inhibition of cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) to the Rescue. Biomedicines 2021; 9:703. [PMID: 34206420 PMCID: PMC8301462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by a thromboembolic occlusion of a major cerebral artery, with the impaired blood flow triggering neuroinflammation and subsequent neuronal damage. Both the innate immune system (e.g., neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages) in the acute ischemic stroke phase and the adaptive immune system (e.g., T cells, B cells) in the chronic phase contribute to this neuroinflammatory process. Considering that the available therapeutic strategies are insufficiently successful, there is an urgent need for novel treatment options. It has been shown that increasing cAMP levels lowers neuroinflammation. By inhibiting cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs), i.e., PDE4, 7, and 8, neuroinflammation can be tempered through elevating cAMP levels and, thereby, this can induce an improved functional recovery. This review discusses recent preclinical findings, clinical implications, and future perspectives of cAMP-specific PDE inhibition as a novel research interest for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In particular, PDE4 inhibition has been extensively studied, and is promising for the treatment of acute neuroinflammation following a stroke, whereas PDE7 and 8 inhibition more target the T cell component. In addition, more targeted PDE4 gene inhibition, or combined PDE4 and PDE7 or 8 inhibition, requires more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ponsaerts
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (L.P.); (L.A.); (M.S.)
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lotte Alders
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (L.P.); (L.A.); (M.S.)
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (L.P.); (L.A.); (M.S.)
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jos Prickaerts
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (L.P.); (L.A.); (M.S.)
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (L.P.); (L.A.); (M.S.)
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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10
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The cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) controls β-adrenoceptor- and CFTR-dependent saliva secretion in mice. Biochem J 2021; 478:1891-1906. [PMID: 33944911 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Saliva, while often taken for granted, is indispensable for oral health and overall well-being, as inferred from the significant impairments suffered by patients with salivary gland dysfunction. Here, we show that treatment with several structurally distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, but not a PDE3 inhibitor, induces saliva secretion in mice, indicating it is a class-effect of PDE4 inhibitors. In anesthetized mice, while neuronal regulations are suppressed, PDE4 inhibition potentiates a β-adrenoceptor-induced salivation, that is ablated by the β-blocker Propranolol and is absent from homozygous ΔF508-CFTR mice lacking functional CFTR. These data suggest that PDE4 acts within salivary glands to gate saliva secretion that is contingent upon the cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of CFTR. Indeed, PDE4 contributes the majority of total cAMP-hydrolytic capacity in submandibular-, sublingual-, and parotid glands, the three major salivary glands of the mouse. In awake mice, PDE4 inhibitor-induced salivation is reduced by CFTR deficiency or β-blockers, but also by the muscarinic blocker Atropine, suggesting an additional, central/neuronal mechanism of PDE4 inhibitor action. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A-D. Ablation of PDE4D, but not PDE4A-C, produced a minor effect on saliva secretion, implying that while PDE4D may play a predominant role, PDE4 inhibitor-induced salivation results from the concurrent inactivation of multiple (at least two) PDE4 subtypes. Taken together, our data reveal a critical role for PDE4/PDE4D in controlling CFTR function in an in vivo model and in inducing salivation, hinting at a therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition for cystic fibrosis and conditions associated with xerostomia.
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Jimenez Chavez CL, Bryant CD, Munn-Chernoff MA, Szumlinski KK. Selective Inhibition of PDE4B Reduces Binge Drinking in Two C57BL/6 Substrains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115443. [PMID: 34064099 PMCID: PMC8196757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling is highly implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD), with evidence supporting the efficacy of inhibiting the cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) as a therapeutic strategy for drinking reduction. Off-target emetic effects associated with non-selective PDE4 inhibitors has prompted the development of selective PDE4 isozyme inhibitors for treating neuropsychiatric conditions. Herein, we examined the effect of a selective PDE4B inhibitor A33 (0–1.0 mg/kg) on alcohol drinking in both female and male mice from two genetically distinct C57BL/6 substrains. Under two different binge-drinking procedures, A33 pretreatment reduced alcohol intake in male and female mice of both substrains. In both drinking studies, there was no evidence for carry-over effects the next day; however, we did observe some sign of tolerance to A33’s effect on alcohol intake upon repeated, intermittent, treatment (5 injections of 1.0 mg/kg, every other day). Pretreatment with 1.0 mg/kg of A33 augmented sucrose intake by C57BL/6NJ, but not C57BL/6J, mice. In mice with a prior history of A33 pretreatment during alcohol-drinking, A33 (1.0 mg/kg) did not alter spontaneous locomotor activity or basal motor coordination, nor did it alter alcohol’s effects on motor activity, coordination or sedation. In a distinct cohort of alcohol-naïve mice, acute pretreatment with 1.0 mg/kg of A33 did not alter motor performance on a rotarod and reduced sensitivity to the acute intoxicating effects of alcohol. These data provide the first evidence that selective PDE4B inhibition is an effective strategy for reducing excessive alcohol intake in murine models of binge drinking, with minimal off-target effects. Despite reducing sensitivity to acute alcohol intoxication, PDE4B inhibition reduces binge alcohol drinking, without influencing behavioral sensitivity to alcohol in alcohol-experienced mice. Furthermore, A33 is equally effective in males and females and exerts a quantitatively similar reduction in alcohol intake in mice with a genetic predisposition for high versus moderate alcohol preference. Such findings further support the safety and potential clinical utility of targeting PDE4 for treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Leonardo Jimenez Chavez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA;
| | - Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Aragon IV, Boyd A, Abou Saleh L, Rich J, McDonough W, Koloteva A, Richter W. Inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) potentiates the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114477. [PMID: 33609559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances, there remains a need for novel anesthetic drugs or drug combinations with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Here, we show that inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), while not inducing anesthesia by itself, potently enhances the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Treatment with several distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, significantly delayed the time-to-righting after Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, treatment with a PDE3 inhibitor, Cilostamide, or treatment with the potent, but non-brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor YM976, had no effect. These findings suggest that potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis is a class effect of brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitors, and that they act by synergizing with Isoflurane in inhibiting neuronal activity. The PDE4 family comprises four PDE4 subtypes, PDE4A to PDE4D. Genetic deletion of any of the four PDE4 subtypes in mice did not affect Isoflurane anesthesia per se. However, PDE4D knockout mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment with Naloxone or Propranolol alleviated the potentiating effect of PDE4 inhibition, implicating opioid- and β-adrenoceptor signaling in mediating PDE4 inhibitor-induced augmentation of Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, stimulation or blockade of α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic or serotonergic signaling did not affect the potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis by PDE4 inhibition. We further show that pretreatment with a PDE4 inhibitor boosts the delivery of bacteria into the lungs of mice after intranasal infection under Isoflurane, thus providing a first example that PDE4 inhibitor-induced potentiation of Isoflurane anesthesia can critically impact animal models and must be considered as a factor in experimental design. Our findings suggest that PDE4/PDE4D inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
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13
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McDonough W, Aragon IV, Rich J, Murphy JM, Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Koloteva A, Richter W. PAN-selective inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) induces gastroparesis in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:12533-12548. [PMID: 32738081 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001016rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) exert a number of promising therapeutic benefits, but adverse effects, in particular emesis and nausea, have curbed their clinical utility. Here, we show that PAN-selective inhibition of PDE4, but not inhibition of PDE3, causes a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of chow in the stomachs of mice fed ad libitum without changing the animals' food intake or the weight of their intestines, suggesting that PDE4 inhibition impairs gastric emptying. Indeed, PDE4 inhibition induced gastric retention in an acute model of gastric motility that traces the passage of a food bolus through the stomach over a 30 minutes time period. In humans, abnormal gastric retention of food is known as gastroparesis, a syndrome predominated by nausea (>90% of cases) and vomiting (>80% of cases). We thus explored the abnormal gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition in mice under the premise that it may represent a useful correlate of emesis and nausea. Delayed gastric emptying was produced by structurally distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, suggesting that it is a class effect. PDE4 inhibitors induced gastric retention at similar or below doses commonly used to induce therapeutic benefits (e.g., 0.04 mg/kg Rolipram), thus mirroring the narrow therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors in humans. YM976, a PAN-PDE4 inhibitor that does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier, induced gastroparesis only at significantly higher doses (≥1 mg/kg). This suggests that PDE4 inhibition may act in part through effects on the autonomic nervous system regulation of gastric emptying and that PDE4 inhibitors that are not brain-penetrant may have an improved safety profile. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A, B, C, and D. Selective ablation of any of these subtypes in mice did not induce gastroparesis per se, nor did it protect from PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced gastroparesis, indicating that gastric retention may result from the concurrent inhibition of multiple PDE4s. Thus, potentially, any of the four PDE4 subtypes may be targeted individually for therapeutic benefits without inducing nausea or emesis. Acute gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition is alleviated by treatment with the widely used prokinetic Metoclopramide, suggesting a potential of this drug to alleviate the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors. Finally, given that the cause of gastroparesis remains largely idiopathic, our findings open the possibility that a physiologic or pathophysiologic downregulation of PDE4 activity/expression may be causative in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
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14
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Nunes IKDC, de Souza ET, Martins IRR, Barbosa G, Moraes Junior MOD, Medeiros MDM, Silva SWD, Balliano TL, da Silva BA, Silva PMR, Carvalho VDF, Martins MA, Lima LM. Discovery of sulfonyl hydrazone derivative as a new selective PDE4A and PDE4D inhibitor by lead-optimization approach on the prototype LASSBio-448: In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112492. [PMID: 32717478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have emerged as a new strategy to treat asthma and other lung inflammatory diseases. Searching for new PDE4 inhibitors, we previously reported the discover of LASSBio-448, a sulfonamide with potential to prevent and reverse pivotal pathological features of asthma. In this paper, two novel series of sulfonamide (6a-6m) and sulfonyl hydrazone (7a-7j) analogues of LASSBio-448 have been synthetized and evaluated for selective inhibitory activity toward cAMP-specific PDE4 isoforms. From these studies, we have identified 7j (LASSBio-1632) as a new anti-asthmatic lead-candidate associated with selective inhibition of PDE4A and PDE4D isoenzymes and blockade of airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and TNF-α production in the lung tissue. In addition, it was able to relax guinea pig trachea on non-sensitized and sensitized animals and showed great TGI permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Apoio Ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico-LADETEC. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everton Tenório de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Italo Rossi Roseno Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Universidade Federal Do Piauí, Picos, Brazil
| | - Gisele Barbosa
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manoel Oliveira de Moraes Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Millena de Melo Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sheyla Welma Duarte Silva
- Laboratório de Cristalografia Bioprocessos e Modelagem Molecular - LaBioCriMM. Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Luciano Balliano
- Laboratório de Cristalografia Bioprocessos e Modelagem Molecular - LaBioCriMM. Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), CCS, Cidade Universitária, P.O. Box 68024, 21941-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tuladhar S, Nandakumar DN, Srinivasan M, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Guillemin GJ, Sakharkar MK. Phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105078. [PMID: 32673703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a diverse family of enzymes (11 isoforms so far identified) responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which are involved in several cellular and biochemical functions. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is the major isoform within this group and is highly expressed in the mammalian brain. An inverse association between PDE4 and cAMP levels is the key mechanism in various pathophysiological conditions like airway inflammatory diseases-chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders etc. In 2011, roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor (PDE4I) was approved for the treatment of COPD. Subsequently, other PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) like apremilast and crisaborole were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis etc. Due to the adverse effects like unbearable nausea and vomiting, dose intolerance and diarrhoea, PDE4 inhibitors have very less clinical compliance. Efforts are being made to develop allosteric modulation with high specificity to PDE4 isoforms having better efficacy and lesser adverse effects. Interestingly, repositioning PDE4Is towards neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and sleep disorders, is gaining attention. This review is an attempt to summarize the data on the effects of PDE4 overexpression in neurological disorders and the use of PDE4Is and newer allosteric modulators as therapeutic options. We have also compiled a list of on-going clinical trials on PDE4 inhibitors in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Bhat
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Understanding PDE4's function in Alzheimer's disease; a target for novel therapeutic approaches. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1557-1565. [PMID: 31642904 PMCID: PMC6824677 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have long been considered as targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a substantial body of evidence suggests that one sub-family from the super-family of PDEs, namely PDE4D, has particular significance in this context. This review discusses the role of PDE4 in the orchestration of cAMP response element binding signaling in AD and outlines the benefits of targeting PDE4D specifically. We examine the limited available literature that suggests PDE4 expression does not change in AD brains together with reports that show PDE4 inhibition as an effective treatment in this age-related neurodegenerative disease. Actually, aging induces changes in PDE4 expression/activity in an isoform and brain-region specific manner that proposes a similar complexity in AD brains. Therefore, a more detailed account of AD-related alterations in cellular/tissue location and the activation status of PDE4 is required before novel therapies can be developed to target cAMP signaling in this disease.
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17
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Shih CH, Wang WH, Chen CM, Ko WC. Hesperetin-5,7,3'- O-Trimethylether Dually Inhibits Phosphodiesterase 3/4 and Methacholine-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Sensitized and Challenged Mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:519-526. [PMID: 32099334 PMCID: PMC7007784 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s227432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Hesperetin-5,7,3ʹ-O-trimethylether (HTME), a synthetic liposoluble hesperetin, has been reported to be a dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)3/4 inhibitor. We investigated its inhibitory effects on methacholine (MCh)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and its potential for treating atypical asthma and COPD. Methods FlexiVent system was used to determine AHR in ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice. Determination of cytokines was performed by using mouse T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine CBA kits, and of total immunoglobulin (Ig)E and OVA-specific IgE using ELISA kits. The number of inflammatory cells was counted using a hemocytometer. Xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia was to assess nausea, vomiting, and gastric hypersecretion in these mice. Results HTME dually and competitively inhibited PDE3/4 activities in the Lineweaver–Burk analysis. HTME (30 and 100 μmol/kg) dose-dependently and significantly decreased the airway resistance (RL) and increased lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) values induced by MCh. It significantly suppressed numbers of total inflammatory cells and neutrophils, and levels of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). HTME dose-dependently and significantly inhibited total and OVA-specific IgE levels in the BALF and serum. However, HTME did not influence xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia. Conclusion HTME exerted anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects and may be useful in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic atypical asthma with no gastrointestinal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Shih
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Chang Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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18
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Ruan L, Du K, Tao M, Shan C, Ye R, Tang Y, Pan H, Lv J, Zhang M, Pan J. Phosphodiesterase-2 Inhibitor Bay 60-7550 Ameliorates Aβ-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment via Regulation of the HPA Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:432. [PMID: 31632240 PMCID: PMC6783519 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with cognitive deficits. Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 and 5 has already proven to be effective in reducing beta-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-mediated pathology by regulating corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, suggesting that PDE-dependent signaling is involved in Aβ1-42-induced HPA axis dysfunction. However, nausea and vomiting are the side effects of some PDE4 inhibitors, which turn our attention to other PDEs. PDE2 are highly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex, which associate with learning and memory, but not in the area postrema that would cause vomiting. The present study suggested that microinjection of Aβ1-42 to the intracerebroventricle induced learning and memory impairments and dysregulation of the HPA axis by increased expression of CRF and GR. However, the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 significantly ameliorated the learning and memory impairment in the Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance tests. The Aβ1-42-induced increased CRF and GR levels were also reversed by the treatment with Bay 60-7550. These Bay 60-7550's effects were prevented by pretreatment with the PKG inhibitor KT5823. Moreover, the Bay 60-7550-induced downstream phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was also prevented (or partially prevented) by KT5823 or the PKA inhibitor H89. These results may lead to the discovery of novel strategies for the treatment of age-related cognitive disorders, such as AD, which affects approximately 44 million people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ruan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Du
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Tao
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruixuan Ye
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Tang
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanbo Pan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meixi Zhang
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Pingyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pingyang County, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Upadhyay KD, Dodia NM, Khunt RC, Chaniara RS, Shah AK. Evaluation and in vivo efficacy study of pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline analogues as TNF‐α inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1647-1655. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anamik K. Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery (NFDD) Saurashtra University Rajkot India
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20
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Feng H, Wang C, He W, Wu X, Li S, Zeng Z, Wei M, He B. Roflumilast ameliorates cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice via cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:583-591. [PMID: 30610438 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors can prevent the breakdown of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and improve cognitive performances in several animal models of cognition. However, the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors has been seriously hampered by severe side effects, such as vomiting and nausea. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of roflumilast, an FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), on learning and memory abilities in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP/PS1 transgenic mice received 3 intragastric doses of roflumilast (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks followed by behavioral tests. Chronic administration of roflumilast significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the novel object recognition task, Morris water maze, and the step-down passive avoidance task. In addition, roflumilast increased the cAMP, phosphorylated cAMP response-element binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-a and IL-1β) levels in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that roflumilast can enhance cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which may be related to its stimulation of the cAMP/CREB/BDNF pathway and anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huancun Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinjun Wu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Shujie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Meidan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghong He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Blokland A, Van Duinen MA, Sambeth A, Heckman PRA, Tsai M, Lahu G, Uz T, Prickaerts J. Acute treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast improves verbal word memory in healthy old individuals: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:37-43. [PMID: 30776650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition can improve memory performance in animal studies. In the present study, we examined the acute effects of the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast on memory performance in healthy individuals (60-80 years of age). We tested the effects of acute roflumilast administration (100, 250, 1000 μg) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-way crossover design. Participants were first screened for their verbal word memory performance to ensure normal memory performance (within 0.5 standard deviation from norm score; n = 20) Drug effects on memory performance were tested in a verbal memory test and a spatial memory test. Reported side effects of drug treatment were registered. Roflumilast (100 μg) improved the delayed recall performance of the participants (Cohen's d, 0.69). No effects were observed in the spatial memory task. Roflumilast was well tolerated at this low dose. Although no clear adverse side effects were reported at the low dose, mild adverse events (including headache, dizziness, insomnia, and diarrhea) were reported after the 1000 μg dose. The present study provides first evidence that the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast improves verbal memory performance in old participants. The current data encourage further development of PDE4 inhibitors for improving memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies A Van Duinen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Sambeth
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Max Tsai
- Department of Clinical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Gezim Lahu
- Department of Clinical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Tolga Uz
- Department of Clinical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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22
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Nelissen E, van Goethem NP, Bonassoli VT, Heckman PRA, van Hagen BTJ, Suay D, Wouters C, Prickaerts J. Validation of the xylazine/ketamine anesthesia test as a predictor of the emetic potential of pharmacological compounds in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 699:41-46. [PMID: 30659913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The xylazine/ketamine anesthesia test is widely used as a predictor of the emetic potential of pharmacological compounds in rats. An emetic reflex is usually triggered by the emetic center, which is populated with many different chemoreceptors. Inhibition of the α2 adrenergic receptor (α2 receptor) is involved in the initiation of the emetic reflex, and this is the key mechanism behind the xylazine/ketamine anesthesia test. In this study, we attempt to validate this test as a predictor of the emetic potential of pharmacological compounds. Furthermore, it was investigated whether an anti-emetic potential of pharmacological compounds could be assessed within this test as well. Rats were anesthetized with a combination of low doses of ketamine and xylazine, and subsequently treated with PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, α2 receptor antagonist yohimbine, α2 receptor agonist clonidine, tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, D2-receptor antagonist haloperidol, or 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (and anti-emetic drug) ondansetron. We were able to successfully reproduce the reduction in anesthesia time after rolipram or yohimbine treatment, as found in previous studies and has been suggested to be indicative of emetic properties of these treatments is humans. Furthermore, clonidine shortened anesthesia duration whereas imipramine and haloperidol lengthened anesthesia duration. Ondansetron was unable to rescue the reduction in duration of anesthesia induced by either rolipram or yohimbine. Altogether, the xylazine/ketamine anesthesia test is a reliable measure for α2 receptor antagonism. However, it may not be appropriate to assess emesis independent of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Nelissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nick P van Goethem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian T Bonassoli
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Britt T J van Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dila Suay
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Wouters
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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23
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Kitahara Y, Hojo S, Nomoto M, Onozuka D, Furue M, Hagihara A. Pharmacokinetic disposition of topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor E6005 in patients with atopic dermatitis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2018; 30:466-470. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2018.1530439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Kitahara
- Clinical Development Department, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hojo
- Clinical Data Science Department, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Nomoto
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Eisai Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Hagihara
- Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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24
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Memory enhancing effects of BPN14770, an allosteric inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4D, in wild-type and humanized mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2299-2309. [PMID: 30131563 PMCID: PMC6135860 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) have beneficial effects on memory in preclinical and clinical studies. Development of these drugs has stalled due to dose-limiting side effects of nausea and emesis. While use of subtype-selective inhibitors (i.e., for PDE4A, B, or D) could overcome this issue, conservation of the catalytic region, to which classical inhibitors bind, limits this approach. The present study examined the effects of BPN14770, an allosteric inhibitor of PDE4D, which binds to a primate-specific, N-terminal region. In mice engineered to express PDE4D with this primate-specific sequence, BPN14770 was 100-fold more potent for improving memory than in wild-type mice; meanwhile, it exhibited low potency in a mouse surrogate model for emesis. BPN14770 also antagonized the amnesic effects of scopolamine, increased cAMP signaling in brain, and increased BDNF and markers of neuronal plasticity associated with memory. These data establish a relationship between PDE4D target engagement and effects on memory for BPN14770 and suggest clinical potential for PDE4D-selective inhibitors.
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25
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Gulisano W, Tropea MR, Arancio O, Palmeri A, Puzzo D. Sub-efficacious doses of phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibitors improve memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:151-159. [PMID: 29885420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP cooperate to ensure memory acquisition and consolidation. Increasing their levels by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) enhanced cognitive functions and rescued memory loss in different models of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, side effects due to the high doses used limited their application in humans. Based on previous studies suggesting that combinations of sub-efficacious doses of cAMP- and cGMP-specific PDE-Is improved synaptic plasticity and memory in physiological conditions, here we aimed to study whether this treatment was effective to counteract the AD phenotype in APPswe mice. We found that a 3-week chronic treatment with a combination of sub-efficacious doses of the cAMP-specific PDE4-I roflumilast (0.01 mg/kg) and the cGMP-specific PDE5-I vardenafil (0.1 mg/kg) improved recognition, spatial and contextual fear memory. Importantly, the cognitive enhancement persisted for 2 months beyond administration. This long-lasting action, and the possibility to minimize side effects due to the low doses used, might open feasible therapeutic strategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Gulisano
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Dept. of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Dept. Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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26
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Wu Y, Li Z, Huang YY, Wu D, Luo HB. Novel Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Cognitive Improvement in Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5467-5483. [PMID: 29363967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the greatest public health challenges. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superenzyme family responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Since several PDE subfamilies are highly expressed in the human brain, the inhibition of PDEs is involved in neurodegenerative processes by regulating the concentration of cAMP and/or cGMP. Currently, PDEs are considered as promising targets for the treatment of AD since many PDE inhibitors have exhibited remarkable cognitive improvement effects in preclinical studies and over 15 of them have been subjected to clinical trials. The aim of this review is to summarize the outstanding progress that has been made by PDE inhibitors as anti-AD agents with encouraging results in preclinical studies and clinical trials. The binding affinity, pharmacokinetics, underlying mechanisms, and limitations of these PDE inhibitors in the treatment of AD are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Deyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
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27
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Hansen RT, Zhang HT. The Past, Present, and Future of Phosphodiesterase-4 Modulation for Age-Induced Memory Loss. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:169-199. [PMID: 28956333 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the state of progress for phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) modulation as a potential therapeutic for psychiatric illness, and to draw attention to particular hurdles and obstacles that must be overcome in future studies to develop PDE4-mediated therapeutics. Pathological and non-pathological related memory loss will be the focus of the chapter; however, we will at times also touch upon other psychiatric illnesses like anxiety and depression. First, we will provide a brief background of PDE4, and the rationale for its extensive study in cognition. Second, we will explore fundamental differences in individual PDE4 subtypes, and then begin to address differences between pathological and non-pathological aging. Alterations of cAMP/PDE4 signaling that occur within normal vs. pathological aging, and the potential for PDE4 modulation to combat these alterations within each context will be described. Finally, we will finish the chapter with obstacles that have hindered the field, and future studies and alternative viewpoints that need to be addressed. Overall, we hope this chapter will demonstrate the incredible complexity of PDE4 signaling in the brain, and will be useful in forming a strategy to develop future PDE4-mediated therapeutics for psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf T Hansen
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9137, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016, China.
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28
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Carzaniga L, Amari G, Rizzi A, Capaldi C, De Fanti R, Ghidini E, Villetti G, Carnini C, Moretto N, Facchinetti F, Caruso P, Marchini G, Battipaglia L, Patacchini R, Cenacchi V, Volta R, Amadei F, Pappani A, Capacchi S, Bagnacani V, Delcanale M, Puccini P, Catinella S, Civelli M, Armani E. Discovery and Optimization of Thiazolidinyl and Pyrrolidinyl Derivatives as Inhaled PDE4 Inhibitors for Respiratory Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10026-10046. [PMID: 29200281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key cAMP-metabolizing enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, and its pharmacological inhibition has been shown to exert therapeutic efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Herein, we describe a drug discovery program aiming at the identification of novel classes of potent PDE4 inhibitors suitable for pulmonary administration. Starting from a previous series of benzoic acid esters, we explored the chemical space in the solvent-exposed region of the enzyme catalytic binding pocket. Extensive structural modifications led to the discovery of a number of heterocycloalkyl esters as potent in vitro PDE4 inhibitors. (S*,S**)-18e and (S*,S**)-22e, in particular, exhibited optimal in vitro ADME and pharmacokinetics properties and dose-dependently counteracted acute lung eosinophilia in an experimental animal model. The optimal biological profile as well as the excellent solid-state properties suggest that both compounds have the potential to be effective topical agents for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carzaniga
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Amari
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmelida Capaldi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Renato De Fanti
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ghidini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Carnini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Moretto
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Caruso
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Gessica Marchini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Loredana Battipaglia
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Cenacchi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Volta
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Amadei
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Pappani
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Capacchi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Bagnacani
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delcanale
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Puccini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Catinella
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Armani
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
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Physiological and pathological processes of synaptic plasticity and memory in drug discovery: Do not forget the dose-response curve. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Prickaerts J, Heckman PRA, Blokland A. Investigational phosphodiesterase inhibitors in phase I and phase II clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1033-1048. [PMID: 28772081 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1364360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors improve signaling pathways in brain circuits by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the last decade, the first clinical studies investigating selective PDE inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been initiated, based on their positive effects on cognitive processes and neuroprotection in numerous animal studies. Areas covered: This article reviews the clinical studies investigating the pro-cognitive/neuroprotective effects of PDE inhibitors in patients with AD, as well as in age-associated memory impaired elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the prodromal stage of AD. PDE inhibitors will also be discussed with respect to adverse effects including safety and tolerability. Expert opinion: The limited available data of clinical studies with PDE inhibitors tested in different populations of AD patients do not allow the drawing of any concrete conclusion yet. Currently, studies with a PDE3 (cilostazol) or PDE9 inhibitor (BI 409,306) are still ongoing in patients with MCI or AD, respectively. Studies with PDE4 inhibitors (HT-0712, roflumilast and BPN14770) in healthy elderly and elderly with age-associated memory impairments indicate that the optimum dose and/or inhibiting the most relevant PDE isoform hold great promise when tested in the appropriate population of patients with MCI or AD eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Prickaerts
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,b Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- b Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Compartmentalized PDE4A5 Signaling Impairs Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8936-46. [PMID: 27559174 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0248-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alterations in cAMP signaling are thought to contribute to neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Members of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family, which contains >25 different isoforms, play a key role in determining spatial cAMP degradation so as to orchestrate compartmentalized cAMP signaling in cells. Each isoform binds to a different set of protein complexes through its unique N-terminal domain, thereby leading to targeted degradation of cAMP in specific intracellular compartments. However, the functional role of specific compartmentalized PDE4 isoforms has not been examined in vivo Here, we show that increasing protein levels of the PDE4A5 isoform in mouse hippocampal excitatory neurons impairs a long-lasting form of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and attenuates hippocampus-dependent long-term memories without affecting anxiety. In contrast, viral expression of a truncated version of PDE4A5, which lacks the unique N-terminal targeting domain, does not affect long-term memory. Further, overexpression of the PDE4A1 isoform, which targets a different subset of signalosomes, leaves memory undisturbed. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor-based cAMP measurements reveal that the full-length PDE4A5, in contrast to the truncated form, hampers forskolin-mediated increases in neuronal cAMP levels. Our study indicates that the unique N-terminal localization domain of PDE4A5 is essential for the targeting of specific cAMP-dependent signaling underlying synaptic plasticity and memory. The development of compounds to disrupt the compartmentalization of individual PDE4 isoforms by targeting their unique N-terminal domains may provide a fruitful approach to prevent cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders that are associated with alterations in cAMP signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons exhibit localized signaling processes that enable biochemical cascades to be activated selectively in specific subcellular compartments. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family coordinates the degradation of cAMP, leading to the local attenuation of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways. Sleep deprivation leads to increased hippocampal expression of the PDE4A5 isoform. Here, we explored whether PDE4A5 overexpression mimics behavioral and synaptic plasticity phenotypes associated with sleep deprivation. Viral expression of PDE4A5 in hippocampal neurons impairs long-term potentiation and attenuates the formation of hippocampus-dependent long-term memories. Our findings suggest that PDE4A5 is a molecular constraint on cognitive processes and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders that are associated with alterations in cAMP signaling.
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Yang YL, Chen CL, Chen CM, Ko WC. Hesperetin-5,7,3'-O-triacetate suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice without reversing xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in normal mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:39. [PMID: 28558784 PMCID: PMC5450382 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that hesperetin-5,7,3’-O-triacetate (HTA) dually inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE)3/4 with a therapeutic ratio of 20.8. The application and development of PDE4 inhibitors for treating asthma or COPD are limited by their side effects, such as nausea, vomiting and gastric hypersecretion. PDE4 inhibitors were reported to reverse xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in rats and triggered vomiting in ferrets. Thus the reversing effect of HTA on xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice was studied to assess emetic effect of HTA. The aim of this study was to prove the therapeutic effect of HTA without vomiting effect at an effective dose for treating COPD. Methods Ten female BALB/c mice in each group were sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 14. On day 21, these mice were emphasized the sensitization by Freund’s complete adjuvant. Mice were challenged by 1% OVA nebulization on days 28, 29, and 30. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed on day 32 in each group, using the FlexiVent system to determine airway resistance (RL) and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) in anesthetized ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged mice. Each group was orally administered HTA (10 ~ 100 μmol/kg), roflumilast (1 and 5 mg/kg) or vehicles (controls) 2 h before and 6 and 24 h after OVA provocation. For comparison, sham-treated mice were challenged with saline instead of 1% OVA. The ability to reverse xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia by HTA or roflumilast for 3 h was determined in normal mice. We used roflumilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor and bronchodilator for severe COPD approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, as a reference drug. Results In the results, HTA (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) or roflumilast (5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly suppressed all RL values of MCh at 0.78 ~ 25 mg/mL and enhanced Cdyn values of MCh at 3.125 ~ 25 mg/mL compared to OVA-sensitized and -challenged control mice. Orally administered 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg roflumilast, but not 30 or 100 μmol/kg HTA, significantly reversed xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia. Conclusions In contrast to roflumilast, HTA may ameliorate COPD but induce few side effects of nausea, vomiting and gastric hypersecretion at an effective dose for treating COPD, because HTA did not reverse xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lan Yang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Li Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Chang Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Memory-enhancing effects of GEBR-32a, a new PDE4D inhibitor holding promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46320. [PMID: 28402318 PMCID: PMC5389348 DOI: 10.1038/srep46320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory loss characterizes several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inhibition of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) and elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to treat cognitive deficits. However, PDE4 exists in several isoforms and pan inhibitors cannot be used in humans due to severe emesis. Here, we present GEBR-32a, a new PDE4D full inhibitor that has been characterized both in vitro and in vivo using biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioural analyses. GEBR-32a efficiently enhances cAMP in neuronal cultures and hippocampal slices. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis shows that GEBR-32a is rapidly distributed within the central nervous system with a very favourable brain/blood ratio. Specific behavioural tests (object location and Y-maze continuous alternation tasks) demonstrate that this PDE4D inhibitor is able to enhance memory in AD transgenic mice and concomitantly rescues their hippocampal long-term potentiation deficit. Of great relevance, our preliminary toxicological analysis indicates that GEBR-32a is not cytotoxic and genotoxic, and does not seem to possess emetic-like side effects. In conclusion, GEBR-32a could represent a very promising cognitive-enhancing drug with a great potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Ji M, Park CK, Lee JW, Park KY, Son KH, Hong JH. Two Phase Modulation of [Formula: see text] Entry and Cl -/[Formula: see text] Exchanger in Submandibular Glands Cells by Dexmedetomidine. Front Physiol 2017; 8:86. [PMID: 28298895 PMCID: PMC5331071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, attenuates inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and induces sedative and analgesic effects. Administration of Dex also reduces salivary secretion in human subjects and inhibits osmotic water permeability in rat cortical collecting ducts. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the effects of Dex on salivary glands fluid secretion. We demonstrated the α2-adrenoceptor expression in the basolateral membrane of mouse submandibular glands (SMG). To investigate fluid secretion upon treatment with Dex, we studied the effects of Dex on the activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter1 (NKCC1) and Cl-/[Formula: see text] exchange (CBE), and on downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in isolated primary mouse SMG cells. Dex acutely increased CBE activity and NKCC1-mediated and independent [Formula: see text] entry in SMG duct cells, and enhanced ductal fluid secretion in a sealed duct system. Dex showed differential effects on cholinergic/adrenergic stimulations and inflammatory mediators, histamine, and LPS, stimulations-induced Ca2+ in mouse SMG cells. Both, histamine- and LPS-induced intracellular Ca2+ increases were inhibited by Dex, whereas carbachol-stimulated Ca2+ signals were not. Long-lasting (2 h) treatment with Dex reduced CBE activity in SMG and in human submandibular glands (HSG) cells. Moreover, when isolated SMG cells were stimulated with Dex for 2 h, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) expression was enhanced. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of Dex on LPS-mediated signaling. Further, Dex also inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and NADPH oxidase 4. The present study also showed that α2-adrenoceptor activation by Dex reduces salivary glands fluid secretion by increasing PDE4D expression, and subsequently reducing the concentration of cAMP. These findings reveal an interaction between the α2-adrenoceptor and PDE4D, which should be considered when using α2-adrenoceptor agonists as sedative or analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon UniversityIncheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon UniversityIncheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon UniversityIncheon, South Korea
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon UniversityIncheon, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon UniversityIncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon UniversityIncheon, South Korea
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Zhou ZZ, Cheng YF, Zou ZQ, Ge BC, Yu H, Huang C, Wang HT, Yang XM, Xu JP. Discovery of N-Alkyl Catecholamides as Selective Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors with Anti-neuroinflammation Potential Exhibiting Antidepressant-like Effects at Non-emetic Doses. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:135-146. [PMID: 27690383 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression involving neuroinflammation is one of the most common disabling and life-threatening psychiatric disorders. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors produce potent antidepressant-like and cognition-enhancing effects. However, their clinical utility is limited by their major side effect of emesis. To obtain more selective PDE4 inhibitors with antidepressant and anti-neuroinflammation potential and less emesis, we designed and synthesized a series of N-alkyl catecholamides by modifying the 4-methoxybenzyl group of our hit compound, FCPE07, with an alkyl side chain. Among these compounds, 10 compounds displayed submicromolar IC50 values in the mid- to low-nanomolar range. Moreover, 4-difluoromethoxybenzamides 10g and 10j, bearing isopropyl groups, exhibited the highest PDE4 inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the low-nanomolar range and with higher selectivities for PDE4 (approximately 5000-fold and 2100-fold over other PDEs, respectively). Furthermore, compound 10j displayed anti-neuroinflammation potential, promising antidepressant-like effects, and a zero incidence rate of emesis at 0.8 mg/kg within 180 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Fang Cheng
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Zou
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bing-Chen Ge
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cang Huang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Hygiene
Detection Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiang-Ping Xu
- Department of Neuropharmacology and Novel
Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Guo H, Cheng Y, Wang C, Wu J, Zou Z, Niu B, Yu H, Wang H, Xu J. FFPM, a PDE4 inhibitor, reverses learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling and anti-inflammatory effects. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:260-269. [PMID: 28065587 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors have not been approved for application in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a clinical setting due to severe side effects, such as nausea and vomiting. In this study, we investigated the effect of FFPM, a novel PDE4 inhibitor, on learning and memory abilities, as well as the underlying mechanism in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Pharmacokinetic studies have revealed that FFPM efficiently permeates into the brain, and reached peak values in plasma 2 h after orally dosing. A 3-week treatment with FFPM, at doses of 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, significantly improved the learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the Morris water maze and the Step-down passive avoidance task. Interestingly, we found that while rolipram (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the duration of the α2 adrenergic receptor-mediated anesthesia induced by xylazine/ketamine, FFPM (0.5 mg/kg) or the vehicle did not have an evident effect. FFPM increased the cAMP, PKA and CREB phosphorylation and BDNF levels, and reduced the NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 trangenic mice, as observed by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the reversal effect of FFPM on cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice might be related to stimulation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF pathway and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, FFPM appears to have potential as an effective PDE4 inhibitor in AD treatment with little emetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibiao Guo
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Modern Chinese Medicine Research Institute of Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yufang Cheng
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Canmao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Jingang Wu
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengqiang Zou
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhang HT, Gurney ME, O'Donnell JM. Comparison of the Pharmacological Profiles of Selective PDE4B and PDE4D Inhibitors in the Central Nervous System. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40115. [PMID: 28054669 PMCID: PMC5215650 DOI: 10.1038/srep40115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been proposed as a potential treatment for a series of neuropsychological conditions such as depression, anxiety and memory loss. However, the specific involvement of each of the PDE4 subtypes (PDE4A, 4B and 4C) in different categories of behavior has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we compared the possible pharmacological effects of PDE4B and PDE4D selective inhibitors, A-33 and D159687, in mediating neurological function in mice. Both compounds were equally potent in stimulating cAMP signaling in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT-22 leading to an increase in CREB phosphorylation. In contrast, A-33 and D159687 displayed distinct neuropharmacological effects in mouse behavioral tests. A-33 has an antidepressant-like profile as indicated by reduced immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tasks, as well as reduced latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test. D159687, on the other hand, had a procognitive profile as it improved memory in the novel object recognition test but had no antidepressant or anxiolytic benefit. The present data suggests that inhibitors targeting specific subtypes of PDE4 may exhibit differential pharmacological effects and aid a more efficient pharmacotherapy towards neuropsychological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine &Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Mark E Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Inc., Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
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Heckman PRA, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. From Age-Related Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer's Disease: A Translational Overview of the Potential Role for Phosphodiesterases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:135-168. [PMID: 28956332 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) are pharmacological compounds enhancing cAMP and/or cGMP signaling. Both these substrates affect neural communication by influencing presynaptic neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic intracellular pathways after neurotransmitter binding to its receptor. Both cAMP and cGMP play an important role in a variety of cellular functions including neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. This chapter provides a translational overview of the effects of different classes of PDE-Is on cognition enhancement in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The most effective PDE-Is in preclinical models of aging and AD appear to be PDE2-Is, PDE4-Is and PDE5-Is. Clinical studies are relatively sparse and so far PDE1-Is and PDE4-Is showed some promising results. In the future, the demonstration of clinical proof of concept and the generation of isoform selective PDE-Is are the hurdles to overcome in developing safe and efficacious novel PDE-Is for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and cognitive dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Nunes IKDC, de Souza ET, Cardozo SVS, Carvalho VDF, Romeiro NC, Silva PMRE, Martins MA, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Synthesis, Pharmacological Profile and Docking Studies of New Sulfonamides Designed as Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162895. [PMID: 27695125 PMCID: PMC5047629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior investigations showed that increased levels of cyclic AMP down-regulate lung inflammatory changes, stimulating the interest in phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 as therapeutic target. Here, we described the synthesis, pharmacological profile and docking properties of a novel sulfonamide series (5 and 6a-k) designed as PDE4 inhibitors. Compounds were screened for their selectivity against the four isoforms of human PDE4 using an IMAP fluorescence polarized protocol. The effect on allergen- or LPS-induced lung inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) was studied in A/J mice, while the xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia test was employed as a behavioral correlate of emesis in rodents. As compared to rolipram, the most promising screened compound, 6a (LASSBio-448) presented a better inhibitory index concerning PDE4D/PDE4A or PDE4D/PDE4B. Accordingly, docking analyses of the putative interactions of LASSBio-448 revealed similar poses in the active site of PDE4A and PDE4C, but slight unlike orientations in PDE4B and PDE4D. LASSBio-448 (100 mg/kg, oral), 1 h before provocation, inhibited allergen-induced eosinophil accumulation in BAL fluid and lung tissue samples. Under an interventional approach, LASSBio-448 reversed ongoing lung eosinophilic infiltration, mucus exacerbation, peribronchiolar fibrosis and AHR by allergen provocation, in a mechanism clearly associated with blockade of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin-2. LASSBio-448 (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) also prevented inflammation and AHR induced by LPS. Finally, the sulfonamide derivative was shown to be less pro-emetic than rolipram and cilomilast in the assay employed. These findings suggest that LASSBio-448 is a new PDE4 inhibitor with marked potential to prevent and reverse pivotal pathological features of diseases characterized by lung inflammation, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Everton Tenório de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Suzana Vanessa S. Cardozo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LML); (MAM)
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LML); (MAM)
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New insights into selective PDE4D inhibitors: 3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde O-(2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-2-oxoethyl) oxime (GEBR-7b) structural development and promising activities to restore memory impairment. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:82-102. [PMID: 27560284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 4D (PDE4D) has been indicated as a promising target for treating neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). By preventing cAMP hydrolysis, PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) increase the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation. Pharmacological and behavioral studies on our hit GEBR-7b demonstrated that selective PDE4DIs could improve memory without causing emesis and sedation. The hit development led to new molecule series, herein reported, characterized by a catechol structure bonded to five member heterocycles. Molecular modeling studies highlighted the pivotal role of a polar alkyl chain in conferring selective enzyme interaction. Compound 8a showed PDE4D3 selective inhibition and was able to increase intracellular cAMP levels in neuronal cells, as well as in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Furthermore, 8a was able to readily cross the blood-brain barrier and enhanced memory performance in mice without causing any emetic-like behavior. These data support the view that PDE4D is an adequate molecular target to restore memory deficits in different neuropathologies, including AD, and also indicate compound 8a as a promising candidate for further preclinical development.
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Titus DJ, Wilson NM, Freund JE, Carballosa MM, Sikah KE, Furones C, Dietrich WD, Gurney ME, Atkins CM. Chronic Cognitive Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury Is Improved with a Phosphodiesterase 4B Inhibitor. J Neurosci 2016; 36:7095-108. [PMID: 27383587 PMCID: PMC4938858 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3212-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Learning and memory impairments are common in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. However, there are no effective treatments to improve TBI-induced learning and memory impairments. TBI results in decreased cAMP signaling and reduced cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB) activation, a critical pathway involved in learning and memory. TBI also acutely upregulates phosphodiesterase 4B2 (PDE4B2), which terminates cAMP signaling by hydrolyzing cAMP. We hypothesized that a subtype-selective PDE4B inhibitor could reverse the learning deficits induced by TBI. To test this hypothesis, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received sham surgery or moderate parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury. At 3 months postsurgery, animals were administered a selective PDE4B inhibitor or vehicle before cue and contextual fear conditioning, water maze training and a spatial working memory task. Treatment with the PDE4B inhibitor significantly reversed the TBI-induced deficits in cue and contextual fear conditioning and water maze retention. To further understand the underlying mechanisms of these memory impairments, we examined hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). TBI resulted in a significant reduction in basal synaptic transmission and impaired expression of LTP. Treatment with the PDE4B inhibitor significantly reduced the deficits in basal synaptic transmission and rescued LTP expression. The PDE4B inhibitor reduced tumor necrosis factor-α levels and increased phosphorylated CREB levels after TBI, suggesting that this drug inhibited molecular pathways in the brain known to be regulated by PDE4B. These results suggest that a subtype-selective PDE4B inhibitor is a potential therapeutic to reverse chronic learning and memory dysfunction and deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity following TBI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Currently, there are an estimated 3.2-5.3 million individuals living with disabilities from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States, and 8 of 10 of these individuals report cognitive disabilities (Thurman et al., 1999; Lew et al., 2006; Zaloshnja et al., 2008). One of the molecular mechanisms associated with chronic cognitive disabilities is impaired cAMP signaling in the hippocampus. In this study, we report that a selective phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitor reduces chronic cognitive deficits after TBI and rescues deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation. These results suggest that PDE4B inhibition has the potential to improve learning and memory ability and overall functioning for people living with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Titus
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Nicole M Wilson
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Julie E Freund
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Melissa M Carballosa
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Kevin E Sikah
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Concepcion Furones
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
| | - Mark E Gurney
- Tetra Discovery Partners, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Coleen M Atkins
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, and
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42
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Martin N, Reid PT. The potential role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the management of asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:207-17. [PMID: 16696590 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200605030-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperreactivity. The course of the illness may be punctuated by exacerbations resulting in deterioration in quality of life and, in some cases, days lost from school or work. That asthma is common and increasingly prevalent magnifies the importance of any potential economic costs, and promoting asthma control represents an important public health agenda. While lifestyle changes represent a valuable contribution in some patients, the majority of asthmatic patients require therapeutic intervention. The recognition of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma has led to an emphasis on regular anti-inflammatory therapy, of which inhaled corticosteroid treatment remains the most superior. In selected patients, further improvements in asthma control may be gained by the addition of regular inhaled long-acting beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists or oral leukotriene receptor antagonists to inhaled corticosteroid therapy. However, a significant minority of patients with asthma remain poorly controlled despite appropriate treatment, suggesting that additional corticosteroid nonresponsive inflammatory pathways may be operative. Furthermore, some patients with asthma display an accelerated decline in lung function, suggesting that active airway re-modeling is occurring. Such observations have focused attention on the potential to develop new therapies which complement existing treatments by targeting additional inflammatory pathways. The central role of phosphodiesterase (PDE), and in particular the PDE4 enzyme, in the regulation of key inflammatory cells believed to be important in asthma - including eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and airway smooth muscle - suggests that drugs designed to target this enzyme will have the potential to deliver both bronchodilation and modulate the asthmatic inflammatory response. In vivo studies on individual inflammatory cells suggest that the effects are likely to be favorable in asthma, and animal study models have provided proof of concept; however, first-generation PDE inhibitors have been poorly tolerated due to adverse effects. The development of second-generation agents such as cilomilast and roflumilast heralds a further opportunity to test the potential of these agents, although to date only a limited amount of data from human studies has been published, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Martin
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
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43
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Vanmierlo T, Creemers P, Akkerman S, van Duinen M, Sambeth A, De Vry J, Uz T, Blokland A, Prickaerts J. The PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast improves memory in rodents at non-emetic doses. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brullo C, Massa M, Villa C, Ricciarelli R, Rivera D, Pronzato MA, Fedele E, Barocelli E, Bertoni S, Flammini L, Bruno O. Synthesis, biological activities and pharmacokinetic properties of new fluorinated derivatives of selective PDE4D inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3426-35. [PMID: 25936260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new series of selective PDE4D inhibitors has been designed and synthesized by replacing 3-methoxy group with 3-difluoromethoxy isoster moiety in our previously reported cathecolic structures. All compounds showed a good PDE4D3 inhibitory activity, most of them being inactive toward other PDE4 isoforms (PDE4A4, PDE4B2 and PDE4C2). Compound 3b, chosen among the synthesized compounds as the most promising in terms of inhibitory activity, selectivity and safety, showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to its non fluorinated analogue. Spontaneous locomotor activity, assessed in an open field apparatus, showed that, differently from rolipram and diazepam, selective PDE4D inhibitors, such as compounds 3b, 5b and 7b, did not affect locomotion, whereas compound 1b showed a tendency to reduce the distance traveled and to prolong the immobility period, possibly due to a poor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Massa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Villa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Via LB Alberti, 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Rivera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Via LB Alberti, 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Adelaide Pronzato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Via LB Alberti, 2, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 mediates synergistic induction of PDE4B by roflumilast and NTHi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1800-9. [PMID: 25831493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418716112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) plays a key role in regulating inflammation. Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)4-selective inhibitor, has recently been approved for treating severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with exacerbation. However, there is also clinical evidence suggesting the development of tachyphylaxis or tolerance on repeated dosing of roflumilast and the possible contribution of PDE4B up-regulation, which could be counterproductive for suppressing inflammation. Thus, understanding how PDE4B is up-regulated in the context of the complex pathogenesis and medications of COPD may help improve the efficacy and possibly ameliorate the tolerance of roflumilast. Here we show that roflumilast synergizes with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a major bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation, to up-regulate PDE4B2 expression in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Up-regulated PDE4B2 contributes to the induction of certain important chemokines in both enzymatic activity-dependent and activity-independent manners. We also found that protein kinase A catalytic subunit β (PKA-Cβ) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit were required for the synergistic induction of PDE4B2. PKA-Cβ phosphorylates p65 in a cAMP-dependent manner. Moreover, Ser276 of p65 is critical for mediating the PKA-Cβ-induced p65 phosphorylation and the synergistic induction of PDE4B2. Collectively, our data unveil a previously unidentified mechanism underlying synergistic up-regulation of PDE4B2 via a cross-talk between PKA-Cβ and p65 and may help develop new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of PDE4 inhibitor.
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Villetti G, Carnini C, Battipaglia L, Preynat L, Bolzoni PT, Bassani F, Caruso P, Bergamaschi M, Pisano AR, Puviani V, Stellari FF, Cenacchi V, Volta R, Bertacche V, Mileo V, Bagnacani V, Moretti E, Puccini P, Catinella S, Facchinetti F, Sala A, Civelli M. CHF6001 II: a novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, suitable for topical pulmonary administration--in vivo preclinical pharmacology profile defines a potent anti-inflammatory compound with a wide therapeutic window. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 352:568-78. [PMID: 25576073 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CHF6001 [(S)-3,5-dichloro-4-(2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(methylsulfonamido)benzoyloxy)ethyl)pyridine 1-oxide] is a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor designed for use in pulmonary diseases by inhaled administration. Intratracheal administration of CHF6001 to ovalbumin-sensitized Brown-Norway rats suppressed the antigen-induced decline of lung functions (ED50 = 0.1 µmol/kg) and antigen-induced eosinophilia (ED50 = 0.03 µmol/kg) when administered (0.09 μmol/kg) up to 24 hours before antigen challenge, in agreement with CHF6001-sustained lung concentrations up to 72 hours after intratracheal treatment (mean residence time 26 hours). Intranasal, once daily administration of CHF6001 inhibited neutrophil infiltration observed after 11 days of tobacco smoke exposure in mice, both upon prophylactic (0.15-0.45 µmol/kg per day) or interventional (0.045-0.45 µmol/kg per day) treatment. CHF6001 was ineffective in reversing ketamine/xylazine-induced anesthesia (a surrogate of emesis in rat) up to 5 µmol/kg administered intratracheally, a dose 50- to 150-fold higher than anti-inflammatory ED50 observed in rats. When given topically to ferrets, no emesis and nausea were evident up to 10 to 20 µmol/kg, respectively, whereas the PDE4 inhibitor GSK-256066 (6-[3-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl-4-(3-methoxyanilino)-8-methylquinoline-3-carboxamide) induced nausea at 1 µmol/kg intratracheally. A 14-day inhalation toxicology study in rats showed a no-observed-adverse-effect level dose of 4.4 µmol/kg per day for CHF6001, lower than the 0.015 μmol/kg per day for GSK-256066. CHF6001 was found effective and extremely well tolerated upon topical administration in relevant animal models, and may represent a step forward in PDE4 inhibition for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Villetti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Chiara Carnini
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Loredana Battipaglia
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Laurent Preynat
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Pier Tonino Bolzoni
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Franco Bassani
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Paola Caruso
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Marco Bergamaschi
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Anna Rita Pisano
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Veronica Puviani
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Fabio Franco Stellari
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Valentina Cenacchi
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Roberta Volta
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Vittorio Bertacche
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Valentina Mileo
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Valentina Bagnacani
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Elisa Moretti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Paola Puccini
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Catinella
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Angelo Sala
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy (G.V., C.C., L.B., L.P., P.T.B., F.B., P.C., M.B., A.R.P., V.P., F.F.S., V.C., R.V., Vi.B., V.M., Va.B., E.M., P.P, S.C., F.F., M.C.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.S.); and Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy (A.S.)
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Effects of rolipram and roflumilast, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, on hypertension-induced defects in memory function in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 746:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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García AM, Brea J, Morales-García JA, Perez DI, González A, Alonso-Gil S, Gracia-Rubio I, Ros-Simó C, Conde S, Cadavid MI, Loza MI, Perez-Castillo A, Valverde O, Martinez A, Gil C. Modulation of cAMP-specific PDE without emetogenic activity: new sulfide-like PDE7 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8590-607. [PMID: 25264825 DOI: 10.1021/jm501090m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A forward chemical genetic approach was followed to discover new targets and lead compounds for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. By analysis of the cell protection produced by some small molecules, a diphenyl sulfide compound was revealed to be a new phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitor and identified as a new hit. This result allows us to confirm the utility of PDE7 inhibitors as a potential pharmacological treatment of PD. On the basis of these data, a diverse family of diphenyl sulfides has been developed and pharmacologically evaluated in the present work. Moreover, to gain insight into the safety of PDE7 inhibitors for human chronic treatment, we evaluated the new compounds in a surrogate emesis model, showing nonemetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC) , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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PDE4D inhibitors: A potential strategy for the treatment of memory impairment? Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:290-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alkam T, Chebolu S, Darmani NA. Cyclophosphamide causes activation of protein kinase A (PKA) in the brainstem of vomiting least shrews (Cryptotis parva). Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 722:156-64. [PMID: 24513510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Complete control of emesis caused by cyclophosphamide (CPA) is of immense interest to both patients and physicians. Serotonin 5-HT3- and tachykinin NK1-receptor antagonists are widely used antiemetics in clinic, but they fail to completely control CPA-induced emesis. New antiemetic targets for the full control of CPA-induced vomiting are lacking. We therefore examined the effects of CPA on emetic targets downstream of 5-HT3- and NK1- receptors in an attempt to better understand the molecular bases of CPA-induced emesis. Acute CPA (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in the least shrew caused a biphasic pattern of emesis over a 40 h observation period, with maximal peak vomit frequency during the 1st hour of treatment (acute phase), followed by a delayed-phase which peaks at 27th hour. The NK1 receptor mRNA levels increased significantly at 8 h post-CPA treatment in the brainstem, and at 28 h in the whole intestine. Substance P mRNA levels tended to increase both in the brainstem and intestine at most time-points post-CPA injection, however due to large variability, they failed to attain significance. Likewise, protein expression profiles of both NK1- and 5-HT3 -receptors in the brainstem were unchanged at any time-point. However, phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA), but not of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), were increased at 2, 8, 22, 28, and 33 h time-points after the treatment with CPA. Moreover, brainstem but not frontal cortex cAMP tissue levels tended to be elevated at most time-points, but significant increases occurred only at 1 and 2 h post-CPA treatment. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, rolipram, caused significant increases in shrew brainstem cAMP levels which were associated with its capacity to produce vomiting, while pretreatment with SQ22536, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, prevented rolipram-induced emesis. The results demonstrate that accumulation of cAMP and subsequent activation of PKA in the brainstem may help to initiate and sustain emesis induced by CPA in the least shrew. Our findings suggest that suppression of the cAMP/PKA cascade may have antiemetic potential in the management of CPA-induced emesis.
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