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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Borodzicz-Jażdżyk S, Jażdżyk P, Łysik W, Cudnoch-Jȩdrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:915961. [PMID: 36119733 PMCID: PMC9471951 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a structural component of the cell membrane, derived from sphingosine, an amino alcohol. Its sphingoid base undergoes various types of enzymatic transformations that lead to the formation of biologically active compounds, which play a crucial role in the essential pathways of cellular signaling, proliferation, maturation, and death. The constantly growing number of experimental and clinical studies emphasizes the pivotal role of sphingolipids in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including, in particular, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. It has also been proven that altering the sphingolipid metabolism has cardioprotective properties in cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction. Recent studies suggest that selected sphingolipids may serve as valuable biomarkers useful in the prognosis of cardiovascular disorders in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Borodzicz-Jażdżyk
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jażdżyk
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łysik
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jȩdrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Katarzyna Czarzasta,
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3
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Huang SY, Lu YY, Lin YK, Chen YC, Chen YA, Chung CC, Lin WS, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Ceramide modulates electrophysiological characteristics and oxidative stress of pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13690. [PMID: 34662431 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramide is involved in regulating metabolism and energy expenditure, and its abnormal myocardial accumulation may contribute to heart injury or lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Whether ceramide can modulate the electrophysiology of pulmonary veins (PVs) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used conventional microelectrodes to measure the electrical activity of isolated rabbit PV tissue preparations before and after treatment with various concentrations of ceramide with or without H2 O2 (2 mM), MitoQ, wortmannin or 740 YP. A whole-cell patch clamp and fluorescence imaging were used to record the ionic currents, calcium (Ca2+ ) transients, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sodium (Na+ ) in isolated single PV cardiomyocytes before and after ceramide (1 μM) treatment. RESULTS Ceramide (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μM) reduced the beating rate of PV tissues. Furthermore, ceramide (1 μM) suppressed the 2 mM H2 O2 -induced faster PV beating rate, triggered activities and burst firings, which were further reduced by MitoQ. In the presence of wortmannin, ceramide did not change the PV beating rate. The H2 O2 -induced faster PV beating rate could be counteracted by MitoQ or wortmannin with no additive effect from the ceramide. Ceramide inhibited pPI3K. Ceramide reduced Ca2+ transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ contents, L-type Ca2+ currents, Na+ currents, late Na+ currents, Na+ -hydrogen exchange currents, and intracellular ROS and Na+ in PV cardiomyocytes, but did not change Na+ -Ca2+ exchange currents. CONCLUSION C2 ceramide may exert the distinctive electrophysiological effect of modulating PV activities, which may be affected by PI3K pathway-mediated oxidative stress, and might play a role in the pathogenesis of PV arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Lu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ann Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Total ceramide levels in cardiac tissue relate to cardiac dysfunction in animal models. However, emerging evidence suggests that the fatty acyl chain length of ceramides also impacts their relationship to cardiac function. This review explores evidence regarding the relationship between ceramides and left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. It further explores possible mechanisms underlying these relationships. RECENT FINDINGS In large, community-based cohorts, a higher ratio of specific plasma ceramides, C16 : 0/C24 : 0, related to worse left ventricular dysfunction. Increased left ventricular mass correlated with plasma C16 : 0/C24 : 0, but this relationship became nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Decreased left atrial function and increased left atrial size also related to C16 : 0/C24 : 0. Furthermore, increased incident heart failure, overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality were associated with higher C16 : 0/C24 : 0 (or lower C24 : 0/C16 : 0). Finally, a number of possible biological mechanisms are outlined supporting the link between C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides, ceramide signalling and CVD. SUMMARY High cardiac levels of total ceramides are noted in heart failure. In the plasma, C16 : 0/C24 : 0 ceramides may be a valuable biomarker of preclinical left ventricular dysfunction, remodelling, heart failure and mortality. Continued exploration of the mechanisms underlying these profound relationships may help develop specific lipid modulators to combat cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Valene Garr-Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - John Heebink
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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5
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Shalaby YM, Al Aidaros A, Valappil A, Ali BR, Akawi N. Role of Ceramides in the Molecular Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies of Cardiometabolic Diseases: What we Know so Far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:816301. [PMID: 35127726 PMCID: PMC8808480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.816301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides represent a class of biologically active lipids that are involved in orchestrating vital signal transduction pathways responsible for regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation. However, accumulating clinical evidence have shown that ceramides are playing a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of several diseases including cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes and obesity, collectively referred to as cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to study in depth the role of ceramides in the pathophysiology of such diseases, aiming to tailor more efficient treatment regimens. Furthermore, understanding the contribution of ceramides to the pathological molecular mechanisms of those interrelated conditions may improve not only the therapeutic but also the diagnostic and preventive approaches of the preceding hazardous events. Hence, the purpose of this article is to review currently available evidence on the role of ceramides as a common factor in the pathological mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases as well as the mechanism of action of the latest ceramides-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Shalaby
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
| | - Anas Al Aidaros
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjana Valappil
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Dark Side of Cancer Therapy: Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiopulmonary Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Immune Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810126. [PMID: 34576287 PMCID: PMC8465322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cancer therapy increased the cancer free survival rates and reduced the malignant related deaths. Therapeutic options for patients with thoracic cancers include surgical intervention and the application of chemotherapy with ionizing radiation. Despite these advances, cancer therapy-related cardiopulmonary dysfunction (CTRCPD) is one of the most undesirable side effects of cancer therapy and leads to limitations to cancer treatment. Chemoradiation therapy or immunotherapy promote acute and chronic cardiopulmonary damage by inducing reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, inflammation, fibrosis, deregulation of cellular immunity, cardiopulmonary failure, and non-malignant related deaths among cancer-free patients who received cancer therapy. CTRCPD is a complex entity with multiple factors involved in this pathogenesis. Although the mechanisms of cancer therapy-induced toxicities are multifactorial, damage to the cardiac and pulmonary tissue as well as subsequent fibrosis and organ failure seem to be the underlying events. The available biomarkers and treatment options are not sufficient and efficient to detect cancer therapy-induced early asymptomatic cell fate cardiopulmonary toxicity. Therefore, application of cutting-edge multi-omics technology, such us whole-exome sequencing, DNA methylation, whole-genome sequencing, metabolomics, protein mass spectrometry and single cell transcriptomics, and 10 X spatial genomics, are warranted to identify early and late toxicity, inflammation-induced carcinogenesis response biomarkers, and cancer relapse response biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on cancer therapy-induced cardiopulmonary complications and our current understanding of the pathological and molecular consequences of cancer therapy-induced cardiopulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, immune suppression, and tumor recurrence, and possible treatment options for cancer therapy-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity.
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7
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Anselmo A, Frank D, Papa L, Viviani Anselmi C, Di Pasquale E, Mazzola M, Panico C, Clemente F, Soldani C, Pagiatakis C, Hinkel R, Thalmann R, Kozlik-Feldmann R, Miragoli M, Carullo P, Vacchiano M, Chaves-Sanjuan A, Santo N, Losi MA, Ferrari MC, Puca AA, Christiansen V, Seoudy H, Freitag-Wolf S, Frey N, Dempfle A, Mercola M, Esposito G, Briguori C, Kupatt C, Condorelli G. Myocardial hypoxic stress mediates functional cardiac extracellular vesicle release. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2780-2792. [PMID: 34104945 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs)-small, lipid bilayer-delimited particles with a role in paracrine signalling-has been associated with human pathologies, e.g. atherosclerosis, but whether this is true for cardiac diseases is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used the surface antigen CD172a as a specific marker of cardiomyocyte (CM)-derived EVs; the CM origin of CD172a+ EVs was supported by their content of cardiac-specific proteins and heart-enriched microRNAs. We found that patients with aortic stenosis, ischaemic heart disease, or cardiomyopathy had higher circulating CD172a+ cardiac EV counts than did healthy subjects. Cellular stress was a major determinant of EV release from CMs, with hypoxia increasing shedding in in vitro and in vivo experiments. At the functional level, EVs isolated from the supernatant of CMs derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells and cultured in a hypoxic atmosphere elicited a positive inotropic response in unstressed CMs, an effect we found to be dependent on an increase in the number of EVs expressing ceramide on their surface. Of potential clinical relevance, aortic stenosis patients with the highest counts of circulating cardiac CD172a+ EVs had a more favourable prognosis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement than those with lower counts. CONCLUSION We identified circulating CD172a+ EVs as cardiac derived, showing their release and function and providing evidence for their prognostic potential in aortic stenosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Anselmo
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Derk Frank
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Partner Site, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Papa
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | | | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Mazzola
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14,43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Panico
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Francesca Clemente
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Cristiana Soldani
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | | | - Rabea Hinkel
- DZHK, Munich Partner Site, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik l, University Clinic Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Thalmann
- DZHK, Munich Partner Site, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik l, University Clinic Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Reiner Kozlik-Feldmann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Partner Site, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michele Miragoli
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14,43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Carullo
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vacchiano
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Antonio Chaves-Sanjuan
- Centro di Ricerche Pediatriche "R.E. Invernizzi", Università di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Santo
- Bio-imaging Facility Unitech Nolimits, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Losi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "ScuolaMedicaSalernitana" University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Vincent Christiansen
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hatim Seoudy
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Partner Site, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Partner Site, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 891 Campus Drive, 94305 Palo Alto (CA), USA
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Briguori
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Via Orazio 2, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Kupatt
- DZHK, Munich Partner Site, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik l, University Clinic Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Arnold-Heller-Str.3, 24105 Milan, Italy
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8
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Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Cirillo F, Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Monasky MM, Rota P, La Rocca P, Tarantino A, D'Imperio S, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. The antithetic role of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate in cardiac dysfunction. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4857-4873. [PMID: 33432663 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally and the number of cardiovascular patients, which is estimated to be over 30 million in 2018, represent a challenging issue for the healthcare systems worldwide. Therefore, the identification of novel molecular targets to develop new treatments is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. In this context, sphingolipids (SLs) have been progressively recognized as potent bioactive compounds that play crucial roles in the modulation of several key biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, SLs involvement in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology attracted much attention, since these molecules could be crucial in the development of CVDs. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) represent the most studied bioactive lipid mediators, which are characterized by opposing activities in the regulation of the fate of cardiac cells. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat emerged as an important novel therapeutical target to counteract CVDs. Thus, this review aims at critically summarizing the current knowledge about the antithetic roles of ceramide and S1P in cardiomyocytes dysfunctions, highlighting how the modulation of their metabolism through specific molecules, such as myriocin and FTY720, could represent a novel and interesting therapeutic approach to improve the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rota
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara D'Imperio
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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10
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Cao R, Fang Z, Li S, Xu M, Zhang J, Han D, Hu W, Yan L, Wang Y, Fan L, Cao F. Circulating Ceramide: A New Cardiometabolic Biomarker in Patients With Comorbid Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1104. [PMID: 33041846 PMCID: PMC7522524 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study investigated the association of circulating ceramides in patients with comorbid acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (ACS-DM). Methods A total of 761 patients with coronary heart disease who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology at the Chinese PLA General Hospital from March to August 2018 were enrolled in this study. Of these 761 patients, 282 were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We selected 65 patients with ACS-DM (ACS-DM group; mean age 64.88 years; 38 men) and 65 patients with ACS but without any comorbidities (ACS group; mean age 64.68 years; 38 men); the two groups were matched by age and sex. We determined four circulating ceramides in 130 plasma samples: Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1), and Cer(d18:1/24:0). The ceramides in plasma samples from patients with ACS and those from patients with ACS-DM were compared. Pearson correlation coefficients between individual ceramides and traditional cardiovascular risk factors for the whole study population were calculated. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relativity between the ceramide and ACS-DM. Results Compared with the ACS group, the levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) and their ratios to Cer(d18:1/24:0) were higher in the ACS-DM group and Cer(d18:1/24:0) was lower in the ACS-DM group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated mild-to-moderate correlations of ceramide and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. There were relatively strong correlations of Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) with C-reactive protein, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin A1c. In multiple logistic regression models, Cer(d18:1/18:0) [odds ratio (OR) 2.396; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.103–5.205; P = 0.027], Cer(d18:1/24:1) (OR 2.826; 95% CI 1.158–6.896; P = 0.023), Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/24:0) (OR 2.242; 95% CI 1.103–4.555; P = 0.026), and Cer(d18:1/24:1)/Cer(d18:1/24:0) (OR 2.673; 95% CI 1.225–5.836; P = 0.014) were positively correlated with ACS-DM, and Cer(d18:1/24:0) (OR 0.200; 95% CI 0.051–0.778; P = 0.020) was negatively correlated with ACS-DM. Conclusion Circulating ceramides are positively correlated with the risk of ACS-DM comorbidity. These results give a new insight into the pathogenesis of ACS-DM comorbidity and could provide new options for risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Fang
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sulei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiu Yan
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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11
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Vaquer CC, Suhaiman L, Pavarotti MA, De Blas GA, Belmonte SA. Ceramide induces a multicomponent intracellular calcium increase triggering the acrosome secretion in human sperm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118704. [PMID: 32194132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exocytosis of spermatozoon's secretory vesicle, named acrosome reaction (AR), is a regulated event that plays a central role in fertilization. It is coupled to a complex calcium signaling. Ceramide is a multitasking lipid involved in exocytosis. Nevertheless, its effect on secretion is controversial and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Human spermatozoa are useful to dissect the role of ceramide in secretion given that the gamete is not capable to undergo any trafficking mechanisms other than exocytosis. We report for the first time, the presence of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes such as neutral-sphingomyelinase and ceramide synthase in sperm. Ceramidases are also present and active. Both the addition of cell-permeable ceramide and the rise of the endogenous one, increase intracellular calcium acting as potent inducers of exocytosis. Ceramide triggers AR in capacitated spermatozoa and enhances the gamete response to progesterone. The lipid induces physiological ultrastructural changes in the acrosome and triggers an exocytosis-signaling cascade involving protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and VAMP2. Real-time imaging showed an increment of calcium in the cytosol upon ceramide treatment either in the absence or in the presence of extracellular calcium. Pharmacological experiments demonstrate that at early stages the process involves ryanodine receptors, CatSper (calcium channel of sperm), and store-operated calcium channels. We set out the signaling sequence of events that connect ceramide to internal calcium mobilization and external calcium signals during secretion. These results allow the coordination of lipids and proteins in a pathway that accomplishes secretion. Our findings contribute to the understanding of ceramide's role in regulated exocytosis and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Celina Vaquer
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Laila Suhaiman
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Martín Alejandro Pavarotti
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Andrés De Blas
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alejandra Belmonte
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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12
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Egom EEA, Bae JS, Capel R, Richards M, Ke Y, Pharithi RB, Maher V, Kruzliak P, Lei M. Effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate on L-type calcium current and Ca2+ transient in rat ventricular myocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 419:83-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Simon JN, Chowdhury SAK, Warren CM, Sadayappan S, Wieczorek DF, Solaro RJ, Wolska BM. Ceramide-mediated depression in cardiomyocyte contractility through PKC activation and modulation of myofilament protein phosphorylation. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:445. [PMID: 25280528 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although ceramide accumulation in the heart is considered a major factor in promoting apoptosis and cardiac disorders, including heart failure, lipotoxicity and ischemia-reperfusion injury, little is known about ceramide's role in mediating changes in contractility. In the present study, we measured the functional consequences of acute exposure of isolated field-stimulated adult rat cardiomyocytes to C6-ceramide. Exogenous ceramide treatment depressed the peak amplitude and the maximal velocity of shortening without altering intracellular calcium levels or kinetics. The inactive ceramide analog C6-dihydroceramide had no effect on myocyte shortening or [Ca(2+)]i transients. Experiments testing a potential role for C6-ceramide-mediated effects on activation of protein kinase C (PKC) demonstrated evidence for signaling through the calcium-independent isoform, PKCε. We employed 2-dimensional electrophoresis and anti-phospho-peptide antibodies to test whether treatment of the cardiomyocytes with C6-ceramide altered myocyte shortening via PKC-dependent phosphorylation of myofilament proteins. Compared to controls, myocytes treated with ceramide exhibited increased phosphorylation of myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), specifically at Ser273 and Ser302, and troponin I (cTnI) at sites apart from Ser23/24, which could be attenuated with PKC inhibition. We conclude that the altered myofilament response to calcium resulting from multiple sites of PKC-dependent phosphorylation contributes to contractile dysfunction that is associated with cardiac diseases in which elevations in ceramides are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian N Simon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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14
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de Faria Poloni J, Chapola H, Feltes BC, Bonatto D. The importance of sphingolipids and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular development. Biol Cell 2014; 106:167-81. [PMID: 24678717 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ in the embryo to form. Its structural and functional complexity is the result of a thorough developmental program, where sphingolipids play an important role in cardiogenesis, heart maturation, angiogenesis, the regulation of vascular tone and vessel permeability. Sphingolipids are necessary for signal transduction and membrane microdomain formation. In addition, recent evidence suggests that sphingolipid metabolism is directly interconnected to the modulation of oxidative stress. However, cardiovascular development is highly sensitive to excessive reactive species production, and disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism can lead to abnormal development and cardiac disease. Therefore, in this review, we address the molecular link between sphingolipids and oxidative stress, connecting these pathways to cardiovascular development and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice de Faria Poloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Kandadi MR, Frankel AE, Ren J. Toll-like receptor 4 knockout protects against anthrax lethal toxin-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction: role of autophagy. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 167:612-26. [PMID: 22612289 PMCID: PMC3449265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) is known to induce circulatory shock and death, although the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. This study was designed to evaluate the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in anthrax lethal toxin-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (TLR⁻/⁻) mice were challenged with lethal toxin (2 µg·g⁻¹, i.p.), and cardiac function was assessed 18 h later using echocardiography and edge detection. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to knockdown TLR4 receptor or class III PI3K in H9C2 myoblasts. GFP-LC3 puncta was used to assess autophagosome formation. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate autophagy (LC3, Becline-1, Agt5 and Agt7) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (BiP, eIF2α and calreticulin). KEY RESULTS In WT mice, lethal toxin exposure induced cardiac contractile dysfunction, as evidenced by reduced fractional shortening, peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/re-lengthening, prolonged re-lengthening duration and intracellular Ca²⁺ derangement. These effects were significantly attenuated or absent in the TLR4 knockout mice. In addition, lethal toxin elicited autophagy in the absence of change in ER stress. Knockdown of TLR4 or class III PI3 kinase using siRNA but not the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly attenuated or inhibited lethal toxin-induced autophagy in H9C2 cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that TLR4 may be pivotal in mediating the lethal cardiac toxicity induced by anthrax possibly through induction of autophagy. These findings suggest that compounds that negatively modulate TLR4 signalling and autophagy could be used to treat anthrax infection-induced cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machender R Kandadi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
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16
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Usta E, Mustafi M, Artunc F, Walker T, Voth V, Aebert H, Ziemer G. The challenge to verify ceramide's role of apoptosis induction in human cardiomyocytes--a pilot study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 6:38. [PMID: 21443760 PMCID: PMC3079610 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardioplegia and reperfusion of the myocardium may be associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and subsequent myocardial injury. In order to establish a pharmacological strategy for the prevention of these events, this study aimed to verify the reliability of our human cardiac model and to evaluate the pro-apoptotic properties of the sphingolipid second messenger ceramide and the anti-apoptotic properties of the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitryptiline during simulated cardioplegia and reperfusion ex vivo. Methods Cardiac biopsies were retrieved from the right auricle of patients undergoing elective CABG before induction of cardiopulmonary bypass. Biopsies were exposed to ex vivo conditions of varying periods of cp/rep (30/10, 60/20, 120/40 min). Groups: I (untreated control, n = 10), II (treated control cp/rep, n = 10), III (cp/rep + ceramide, n = 10), IV (cp/rep + amitryptiline, n = 10) and V (cp/rep + ceramide + amitryptiline, n = 10). For detection of apoptosis anti-activated-caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage immunostaining were employed. Results In group I the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) low if compared to group II revealing a time-dependent increase. In group III ceramid increased and in group IV amitryptiline inhibited apoptosis significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast in group V, under the influence of ceramide and amitryptiline the induction of apoptosis was partially suppressed. Conclusion Ceramid induces and amitryptiline suppresses apoptosis significantly in our ex vivo setting. This finding warrants further studies aiming to evaluate potential beneficial effects of selective inhibition of apoptosis inducing mediators on the suppression of ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Usta
- Children's University Hospital, Div, Congenital & Pediatric Cardiac Surgery; University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diseases associated with ectopic disposition of lipids are becoming an increasingly important medical problem as the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity increases. One of the organs affected by lipotoxicity is the heart and this review presents an update on human and animal studies of this problem. RECENT FINDINGS Human studies have clearly correlated heart dysfunction with the content of triglyceride. More recently human heart samples have been used to assess gene changes associated with altered lipid accumulation. Genetically altered mice have been created that develop lipotoxic cardiomyopathies and newer investigations are attempting to delineate curative therapies. SUMMARY Human studies will confirm the metabolic changes associated with lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and, hopefully, animal studies will guide treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffay S Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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18
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Radin MJ, Holycross BJ, Dumitrescu C, Kelley R, Altschuld RA. Leptin modulates the negative inotropic effect of interleukin-1beta in cardiac myocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 315:179-84. [PMID: 18535786 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a potent negative inotrope implicated in the functional abnormalities of heart failure. Because the adipokine, leptin, protects against some of the cardiovascular effects of endotoxin, we hypothesized that leptin may modulate the cardiosuppressive effects of IL-1beta in isolated cardiomyocytes. Ventricular cardiac myocytes isolated from adult male Sprague Dawley rats were analyzed simultaneously for electrically stimulated contractility and calcium transients following 30 min exposure to IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) with or without 60 min pretreatment with leptin (25 ng/ml). IL-1beta decreased cell shortening, depressed maximal velocities of shortening and relengthening, and prolonged the time to 90% relaxation. The change in fura2-AM fluorescence ratio amplitude (Delta[Ca(2+)]) was significantly depressed and the time to return to baseline [Ca(2+)] was prolonged. The negative inotropic effects of IL-1beta were blocked by the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor Manumycin A (5 microM) or the ceramidase inhibitor N-oleoyl ethanolamine (1 microM). Prior exposure of myocytes to leptin blocked IL-1beta-induced cardiosuppression in conjunction with a blunting of IL-1beta stimulated ceramide accumulation. These data suggest that leptin may modulate IL-1beta signaling through the sphingolipid signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Judith Radin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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19
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Relling DP, Esberg LB, Johnson WT, Murphy EJ, Carlson EC, Lukaski HC, Saari JT, Ren J. Dietary interaction of high fat and marginal copper deficiency on cardiac contractile function. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15:1242-57. [PMID: 17495201 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2007.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-fat and marginally copper-deficient diets impair heart function, leading to cardiac hypertrophy, increased lipid droplet volume, and compromised contractile function, resembling lipotoxic cardiac dysfunction. However, the combined effect of the two on cardiac function is unknown. This study was designed to examine the interaction between high-fat and marginally copper-deficient diets on cardiomyocyte contractile function. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Weanling male rats were fed diets incorporating a low- or high-fat diet (10% or 45% of kcal from fat, respectively) with adequate (6 mg/kg) or marginally deficient (1.5 mg/kg) copper content for 12 weeks. Contractile function was determined with an IonOptix system including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS, time-to-90% relengthening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, and intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](I)) rise and decay. RESULTS Neither dietary treatment affected blood pressure or glucose levels, although the high-fat diet elicited obesity and glucose intolerance. Both diets depressed PS, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, and intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](I)) rise and prolonged time-to-90% relengthening and Ca(2+) decay without an additive effect between the two. Ca(2+) sensitivity, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, nitrosative damage, tissue ceramide, and triglyceride levels were unaffected by either diet or in combination. Phospholamban (PLB) but not sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase was increased by both diets. Endothelial NO synthase was depressed with concurrent treatments. The electron transport chain was unaffected, although mitochondrial aconitase activity was inhibited by the high-fat diet. DISCUSSION These data suggest that high-fat and marginally copper deficient diets impaired cardiomyocyte contractile function and [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis, possibly through a similar mechanism, without obvious lipotoxicity, nitrosative damage, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Relling
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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20
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Rennison JH, McElfresh TA, Okere IC, Vazquez EJ, Patel HV, Foster AB, Patel KK, Chen Q, Hoit BD, Tserng KY, Hassan MO, Hoppel CL, Chandler MP. High-fat diet postinfarction enhances mitochondrial function and does not exacerbate left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H1498-506. [PMID: 17114240 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01021.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in nonadipose tissue due to enhanced circulating fatty acids may play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure, obesity, and diabetes. Accumulation of myocardial lipids and related intermediates, e.g., ceramide, is associated with decreased contractile function, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport chain (ETC) complex activities. We tested the hypothesis that the progression of heart failure would be exacerbated by elevated myocardial lipids and an associated ceramide-induced inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ETC complex activities. Heart failure (HF) was induced by coronary artery ligation. Rats were then randomly assigned to either a normal (10% kcal from fat; HF, n = 8) or high saturated fat diet (60% kcal from saturated fat; HF + Sat, n = 7). Sham-operated animals (sham; n = 8) were fed a normal diet. Eight weeks postligation, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by echocardiography and catheterization. Subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria were isolated from the LV. Heart failure resulted in impaired LV contractile function [decreased percent fractional shortening and peak rate of LV pressure rise and fall (±dP/d t)] and remodeling (increased end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions) in HF compared with sham. No further progression of LV dysfunction was evident in HF + Sat. Mitochondrial state 3 respiration was increased in HF + Sat compared with HF despite elevated myocardial ceramide. Activities of ETC complexes II and IV were elevated in HF + Sat compared with HF and sham. High saturated fat feeding following coronary artery ligation was associated with increased oxidative phosphorylation and ETC complex activities and did not adversely affect LV contractile function or remodeling, despite elevations in myocardial ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Rennison
- Dept of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine E558, Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA
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Chapman H, Ramström C, Korhonen L, Laine M, Wann KT, Lindholm D, Pasternack M, Törnquist K. Downregulation of the HERG (KCNH2) K+ channel by ceramide: evidence for ubiquitin-mediated lysosomal degradation. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:5325-34. [PMID: 16263765 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The HERG (KCNH2) potassium channel underlies the rapid component of the delayed rectifier current (Ikr), a current contributing to the repolarisation of the cardiac action potential. Mutations in HERG can cause the hereditary forms of the short-QT and long-QT syndromes, predisposing to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. HERG is expressed mainly in the cell membrane of cardiac myocytes, but has also been identified in cell membranes of a range of other cells, including smooth muscle and neurones. The mechanisms regulating the surface expression have however not yet been elucidated. Here we show, using stable HERG-expressing HEK 293 cells, that ceramide evokes a time-dependent decrease in HERG current which was not attributable to a change in gating properties of the channel. Surface expression of the HERG channel protein was reduced by ceramide as shown by biotinylation of surface proteins, western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The rapid decline in HERG protein after ceramide stimulation was due to protein ubiquitylation and its association with lysosomes. The results demonstrate that the surface expression of HERG is strictly regulated, and that ceramide modifies HERG currents and targets the protein for lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Chapman
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
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Colina C, Flores A, Rojas H, Acosta A, Castillo C, Garrido MDR, Israel A, DiPolo R, Benaim G. Ceramide increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in Jurkat T cells by liberation of calcium from intracellular stores and activation of a store-operated calcium channel. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 436:333-45. [PMID: 15797246 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Revised: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ceramide on the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) varies depending on the cell type. We have found that in Jurkat human T cells ceramide increases the [Ca2+]i from a thapsigargin-sensitive calcium pool and the subsequent activation of a capacitative Ca2+ entry. This effect occurs both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium. Addition of ceramine, a non-hydrolysable analogue of ceramide, reproduced its effect on the [Ca2+]i ruling out that this is due to the conversion of ceramide to sphingosine. The effect of ceramide was additive to that obtained by sphingosine, but not to the Jurkat T cells specific antibody OKT3. However, different to the latter, ceramide do not induced an elevation of InsP3. The opening of a store operated Ca2+ channel by ceramide was corroborated by experiments of Fura-2 quenching, using Mn2+ as a surrogate for Ca2+ and confirmed by whole-cell recording patch clamp techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colina
- Centro de Biociencias y Medicina Molecular, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
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Claus RA, Wüstholz A, Müller S, Bockmeyer CL, Riedel NH, Kinscherf R, Deigner HP. Synthesis and Antiapoptotic Activity of a Novel Analogue of the Neutral Sphingomyelinase Inhibitor Scyphostatin. Chembiochem 2005; 6:726-37. [PMID: 15751001 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of an analogue of scyphostatin, a potent inhibitor of the neutral sphingomyelinase, is described. The synthesis starts with cyclohexanone and a protected D-serine derivative. The key step is an asymmetric hydroxylation to access a hydroxycyclohexanone, which is transformed into a substituted hydroxycyclohexenone. This is converted into the scyphostatin analogue 14, a chemically and metabolically stabilised compound lacking the epoxy function of the natural congener and carrying a palmitic acid group instead of the native trienoyl residue. An evaluation of the biological activity of 14 revealed neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition in several in vivo test systems (monocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes) monitoring antiapoptotic effects and the inversion of phorbolester-induced translocation of green fluorescent protein labelled kinase (protein kinase C-alpha).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Therapy, Division for Experimental Anaesthesiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Research Centre Lobeda, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Alewijnse AE, Peters SLM, Michel MC. Cardiovascular effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate and other sphingomyelin metabolites. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:666-84. [PMID: 15504747 PMCID: PMC1575924 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon various stimuli, cells metabolize sphingomyelin from the cellular plasma membrane to form sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) or ceramide. The latter can be further metabolized to sphingosine and then sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Apart from local formation, S1P and SPC are major constituents of blood plasma. All four sphingomyelin metabolites (SMM) can act upon intracellular targets, and at least S1P and probably also SPC can additionally act upon G-protein-coupled receptors. While the molecular identity of the SPC receptors remains unclear, several subtypes of S1P receptors have been cloned and their distribution in cardiovascular tissues is described. In the heart SMM can alter intracellular Ca(2+) release, particularly via the ryanodine receptor, and conductance of various ion channels in the plasma membrane, particularly I(K(Ach)). While the various SMM differ somewhat in their effects, the above alterations of ion homeostasis result in reduced cardiac function in most cases, and ceramide and/or sphingosine may be the mediators of the negative inotropic effects of tumour necrosis factor. In the vasculature, SMM mainly act as acute vasoconstrictors in most vessels, but ceramide can be a vasodilator. SMM-induced vasoconstriction involves mobilization of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, influx of extracellular Ca(2+) via L-type channels and activation of a rho-kinase. Extended exposure to SMM, particularly S1P, promotes several stages of the angiogenic process like endothelial cell activation, migration, proliferation, tube formation and vascular maturation. We propose that SMM are an important class of endogenous modulators of cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid E Alewijnse
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan L M Peters
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Author for correspondence:
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