1
|
Wu J, Chen T, Zhang M, Li X, Fu R, Xu J, Nüssler A, Gu C. Atorvastatin exerts a preventive effect against steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head by modulating Wnt5a release. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03817-z. [PMID: 38971901 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a prevalent form of osteonecrosis in young individuals. More efficacious clinical strategies must be used to prevent and treat this condition. One of the mechanisms through which SONFH operates is the disruption of normal differentiation in bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts due to prolonged and extensive use of glucocorticoids (GCs). In vitro, it was observed that atorvastatin (ATO) effectively suppressed the impact of dexamethasone (DEX) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), specifically by augmenting their lipogenic differentiation while impeding their osteogenic differentiation. To investigate the underlying mechanisms further, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of BMSCs subjected to different treatments, leading to the identification of Wnt5a as a crucial gene regulated by ATO. The analyses showed that ATO exhibited the ability to enhance the expression of Wnt5a and modulate the MAPK pathway while regulating the Wnt canonical signaling pathway via the WNT5A/LRP5 pathway. Our experimental findings provide further evidence that the combined treatment of ATO and DEX effectively mitigates the effects of DEX, resulting in the upregulation of osteogenic genes (Runx2, Alpl, Tnfrsf11b, Ctnnb1, Col1a) and the downregulation of adipogenic genes (Pparg, Cebpb, Lpl), meanwhile leading to the upregulation of Wnt5a expression. So, this study offers valuable insights into the potential mechanism by which ATO can be utilized in the prevention of SONFH, thereby holding significant implications for the prevention and treatment of SONFH in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongkun Fu
- Department of Zhengzhou University Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chenxi Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu H, Guo W, Wang T, Cao P, Zou T, Peng Y, Yan T, Liao C, Li Q, Duan Y, Han J, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhao D, Yang X. CD36 inhibition reduces non-small-cell lung cancer development through AKT-mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:10. [PMID: 38319449 PMCID: PMC10847192 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is caused by multiple factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). CD36, a fatty acid receptor, is closely associated with metabolism-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the role of CD36 in HFD-accelerated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In vivo, we fed C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and CD36 knockout (CD36-/-) mice normal chow or HFD in the presence or absence of pitavastatin 2 weeks before subcutaneous injection of LLC1 cells. In vitro, A549 and NCI-H520 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs) to mimic HFD situation for exploration the underlying mechanisms. We found that HFD promoted LLC1 tumor growth in vivo and that FFAs increased cell proliferation and migration in A549 and NCI-H520 cells. The enhanced cell or tumor growth was inhibited by the lipid-lowering agent pitavastatin, which reduced lipid accumulation. More importantly, we found that plasma soluble CD36 (sCD36) levels were higher in NSCLC patients than those in healthy ones. Compared to that in WT mice, the proliferation of LLC1 cells in CD36-/- mice was largely suppressed, which was further repressed by pitavastatin in HFD group. At the molecular level, we found that CD36 inhibition, either with pitavastatin or plasmid, reduced proliferation- and migration-related protein expression through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of CD36 expression by pitavastatin or other inhibitors may be a viable strategy for NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wentong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peichang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tingfeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu P, Moon JY, Daghlas I, Franco G, Porneala BC, Ahmadizar F, Richardson TG, Isaksen JL, Hindy G, Yao J, Sitlani CM, Raffield LM, Yanek LR, Feitosa MF, Cuadrat RRC, Qi Q, Arfan Ikram M, Ellervik C, Ericson U, Goodarzi MO, Brody JA, Lange L, Mercader JM, Vaidya D, An P, Schulze MB, Masana L, Ghanbari M, Olesen MS, Cai J, Guo X, Floyd JS, Jäger S, Province MA, Kalyani RR, Psaty BM, Orho-Melander M, Ridker PM, Kanters JK, Uitterlinden A, Davey Smith G, Gill D, Kaplan RC, Kavousi M, Raghavan S, Chasman DI, Rotter JI, Meigs JB, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Liu CT, Merino J. Obesity Partially Mediates the Diabetogenic Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:232-240. [PMID: 34789503 PMCID: PMC8753762 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LDL cholesterol (LDLc)-lowering drugs modestly increase body weight and type 2 diabetes risk, but the extent to which the diabetogenic effect of lowering LDLc is mediated through increased BMI is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted summary-level univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in 921,908 participants to investigate the effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes risk and the proportion of this effect mediated through BMI. We used data from 92,532 participants from 14 observational studies to replicate findings in individual-level MR analyses. RESULTS A 1-SD decrease in genetically predicted LDLc was associated with increased type 2 diabetes odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% CI 1.01, 1.24]) and BMI (β = 0.07 SD units [95% CI 0.02, 0.12]) in univariable MR analyses. The multivariable MR analysis showed evidence of an indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01, 1.08]) with a proportion mediated of 38% of the total effect (P = 0.03). Total and indirect effect estimates were similar across a number of sensitivity analyses. Individual-level MR analyses confirmed the indirect effect of lowering LDLc on type 2 diabetes through BMI with an estimated proportion mediated of 8% (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the diabetogenic effect attributed to lowering LDLc is partially mediated through increased BMI. Our results could help advance understanding of adipose tissue and lipids in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology and inform strategies to reduce diabetes risk among individuals taking LDLc-lowering medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peitao Wu
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Iyas Daghlas
- 3Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Giulianini Franco
- 5Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bianca C Porneala
- 6Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G Richardson
- 8MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.,9Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jonas L Isaksen
- 10Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgy Hindy
- 11Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Jie Yao
- 12Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Colleen M Sitlani
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- 14Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- 15Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- 16Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rafael R C Cuadrat
- 17Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,18German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Qibin Qi
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Ellervik
- 19Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,20Department of Research, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- 11Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- 21Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leslie Lange
- 22Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Josep M Mercader
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,23Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- 15Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ping An
- 16Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- 17Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,18German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,25Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lluis Masana
- 26Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgil University, IISPV, Reus, Spain.,27Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Morten S Olesen
- 28Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Copenhagen, Denmark.,29Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianwen Cai
- 30Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- 12Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - James S Floyd
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,31Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susanne Jäger
- 17Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,18German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Province
- 16Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- 15Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- 13Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,31Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,32Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- 11Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmo Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Paul M Ridker
- 5Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jørgen K Kanters
- 10Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,33Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- 8MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Dipender Gill
- 9Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, U.K.,34Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.,35Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education and Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, U.K.,36Clinical Pharmacology Group, Pharmacy and Medicines Directorate, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,37Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- 7Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- 38Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO.,39Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- 3Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- 12Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - James B Meigs
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,6Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose C Florez
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,23Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- 1Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jordi Merino
- 4Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,23Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,24Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,26Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Sant Joan University Hospital, Rovira i Virgil University, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo Y, Huo J, Wu D, Hao H, Ji X, Zhao E, Nie B, Liu Q. Simvastatin inhibits the adipogenesis of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells through the downregulation of chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:751-761. [PMID: 32468037 PMCID: PMC7307816 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis, partly through the inhibition of the adipogenesis of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The present study focused on the mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of simvastatin on adipogenesis and examined the effects of simvastatin on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), chemerin, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and the adipocyte marker gene, adiponectin. BMSCs were isolated from 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and adipogenesis was measured by the absorbance values at 490 nm of Oil Red O dye. The expression of each gene was evaluated by western blot analysis or reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of chemerin increased during adipogenesis, while CMKLR1 exhibited a trend towards a decreased expression. On days 7 and 14, the simvastatin-treated cells exhibited a down-regulated expression of chemerin, whereas the upregulated expression of its receptor, CMKLR1 was observed. The results also revealed that CMKLR1 is required for adipogenesis and the simvastatin-mediated inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. Simvastatin regulated adipogenesis by negatively modulating chemerin-CMKLR1 signaling. Importantly, simvastatin stimulation inhibited the upregulation of PPARγ and PPARγ-mediated chemerin expression to prevent adipogenesis. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, partially reversed the negative regulatory effects of simvastatin. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrate that simvastatin inhibits the adipogenesis of BMSCs through the downregulation of PPARγ and subsequently prevents the PPARγ-mediated induction of chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Huo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Dou Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Haihu Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Enzhe Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Boyuan Nie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rees-Milton KJ, Norman P, Babiolakis C, Hulbert M, Turner ME, Berger C, Anastassiades TP, Hopman WM, Adams MA, Powley WL, Holden RM. Statin Use is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Participants of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa057. [PMID: 32715271 PMCID: PMC7371386 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Statins have been linked to the development of diabetes and atherosclerotic plaque calcification in patients with cardiac disease. Objective To determine the association between statin use and statin characteristics and insulin resistance and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in participants of the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Design Observational study. Setting General community. Participants Nondiabetic participants of the Kingston CaMos site. Intervention Insulin resistance and AAC in statin users and nonstatin users were compared with and without the inclusion of a propensity score (PS) to be on a statin. The covariates of hypertension, sex, body mass index, smoking, kidney stones, and age that were included in the PS were selected based on clinical judgment confirmed by the statistical analysis of a difference between statin users and nonstatin users. Main Outcome Measures Insulin resistance measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and AAC assessed on lateral spine radiographs using the Framingham methodology. Results Using a general linear model, statin use was associated with higher levels of HOMA-IR after stratified PS adjustment (β = 1.52, [1.18-1.95], P < 0.01). Hydrophilic statin users (n = 9) and lipophilic statins users (n = 30) had higher HOMA-IR compared to nonstatin users (n = 125) ([β = 2.29, (1.43-3.68), P < 0.001] and [β = 1.36, (1.04-1.78), P < 0.05]), respectively, in general linear models after stratified PS adjustment. Statin use was associated with AAC without stratifying by PS in the Wilcoxon test, but was no longer significant when stratified by PS. Conclusions Statins, widely prescribed drugs to lower cholesterol, may have unintended consequences related to glucose homeostasis that could be relevant in healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Norman
- Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, ON
| | | | - Maggie Hulbert
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Mandy E Turner
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Claudie Berger
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Tassos P Anastassiades
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Wilma M Hopman
- Kingston General Health Research Institute, Kingston, ON.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | | | - Rachel M Holden
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON.,Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maini J, Rehan HS, Yadav M, Gupta LK. Exploring the role of adipsin in statin-induced glucose intolerance: a prospective open label study. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmpt-2020-0101/dmpt-2020-0101.xml. [PMID: 32229661 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Evidence from the literature, highlights the increased risk of developing glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with statin therapy. In addition, few animal studies demonstrate that adipsin secreted from adipocytes plays a crucial role in insulin secretion and the development of T2DM. Methods To further explore the role of serum adipsin, in this prospective open label study, 55 newly diagnosed dyslipidemic patients were enrolled. Before starting statin therapy, liver function test (LFT), kidney function test (KFT), lipid profile, glycemic parameters [glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)], serum insulin, and serum adipsin were estimated. Then these patients were prescribed statin (i.e. atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, or pitavastatin) and after 12 weeks of therapy, all the above investigations were repeated. Results After 12 weeks of statin therapy, the LFT and KFT values remained unchanged and lipid parameters showed significant improvement. But the glycemic parameters deranged significantly (p < 0.001), i.e. FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c increased by 12.49% (102.99 ± 20.76 mg/dL), 24.72% (147.71 ± 47.29 mg/dL), and 21.43% (6.38 ± 1.34%), respectively. On the other hand, the baseline adipsin (2.73 ± 1.99 ng/mL) and insulin (16.13 ± 12.50 mIU/L) levels reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) to 1.43 ±1.13 ng/mL and 6.91 ± 5.93 mIU/L, respectively. The reduction in serum adipsin also showed a positive correlation with reduction in serum insulin (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001). None of the patients experienced any significant adverse effect or reaction leading to discontinuation of therapy. Conclusions There might be an association between reduction in adipsin and development of glucose intolerance by statin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi Maini
- Department of Pharmacology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Harmeet Singh Rehan
- Department of Pharmacology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi-110001,India, Phone: +91 9811694040
| | - Madhur Yadav
- Deaprtment of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cho Y, Lee H, Park HK, Choe EY, Wang HJ, Kim RH, Kim Y, Kang ES. Differential Diabetogenic Effect of Pitavastatin and Rosuvastatin, in vitro and in vivo. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:429-440. [PMID: 31527323 PMCID: PMC7242225 DOI: 10.5551/jat.50039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Most statins increase the risk of new-onset diabetes. Unlike other statins, pitavastatin is reported to exert neutral effects on serum glucose level, but the precise mechanism is unknown. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 26) were fed high-fat diet (HFD, 45% fat) with 0.01% placebo, rosuvastatin, or pitavastatin for 12 weeks. Cultured HepG2, C2C12, and 3T3-L1 cells and visceral adipocytes from HFD-fed mice were treated with vehicle or 10 µM statins for 24 h. The effects of pitavastatin and rosuvastatin on intracellular insulin signaling and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation were evaluated. Results: After 12 weeks, the fasting blood glucose level was significantly lower in pitavastatin-treated group than in rosuvastatin-treated group (115.2 ± 7.0 versus 137.4 ± 22.3 mg/dL, p = 0.024). Insulin tolerance significantly improved in pitavastatin-treated group as compared with rosuvastatin-treated group, and no significant difference was observed in glucose tolerance. Although plasma adiponectin and insulin levels were not different between the two statin treatment groups, the insulin-induced protein kinase B phosphorylation was weakly attenuated in pitavastatin-treated adipocytes than in rosuvastatin-treated adipocytes. Furthermore, minor attenuation in insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane of adipocytes was observed in pitavastatin-treated group. Conclusion: Pitavastatin showed lower diabetogenic effects than rosuvastatin in mice that may be mediated by minor attenuations in insulin signaling in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongin Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Yonsei University College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Biobehavioral Research Center
| | - Hyun Ki Park
- Yonsei University College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Biobehavioral Research Center
| | - Eun Yeong Choe
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hye Jin Wang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Ryeong-Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Youjin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kandhare AD, Bandyopadhyay D, Thakurdesai PA. Low molecular weight galactomannans-based standardized fenugreek seed extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via modulation of FASn, IL-6, leptin, and TRIP-Br2. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32401-32416. [PMID: 35547667 PMCID: PMC9086199 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a complex, chronic metabolic disorder and its prevalence is increasing throughout most of the world. Low molecular weight galactomannans-based standardized fenugreek seed extract (LMWGAL-TF) has previously shown anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of LMWGAL-TF in treating high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice. Materials and methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed the HFD for 12 weeks and were co-administered with LMWGAL-TF (10, 30 and 100 mg kg-1, p.o.). Variables measured were behavioral, biochemical, molecular and histopathological. In a separate in vitro experiment, copper-ascorbate (Cu-As)-induced mitochondrial oxidative damage was evaluated. Results: The HFD-induced increase (p < 0.001) in body weight, fat mass, lean mass, adipose tissue (brown, mesenteric, epididymal and retroperitoneal) and liver weight was significantly attenuated (p < 0.001) by LMWGAL-TF (30 and 100 mg kg-1). The HFD-induced elevated levels of serum lipid, interleukins (ILs)-6 and leptin were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) by LMWGAL-TF (30 and 100 mg kg-1). Elevated fatty acid synthase (FASn), IL-6, leptin and transcriptional regulator interacting with the PHD-bromodomain 2 (TRIP-Br2) mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, and epididymal fat were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by LMWGAL-TF (30 and 100 mg kg-1). Additionally, HFD-induced histological alterations in skeletal muscle, liver, white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT were also reduced by LMWGAL-TF. Furthermore, the Cu-As-induced alteration in mitochondria oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) in skeletal muscle and BAT was significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated by LMWGAL-TF (2, 4 and 6 mg mL-1) treatment. It also reduced the Cu-As-induced mitochondrial swelling. Conclusion: LMWGAL-TF showed its beneficial effect in reducing HFD-induced obesity via down-regulation of FASn, IL-6, leptin, and TRIP-Br2 in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Indus Biotech Private Limited 1, Rahul Residency, Off Salunke Vihar Road, Kondhwa Pune 411048 Maharashtra India +91-9226164041
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology Kolkata 700 009 India
| | - Prasad A Thakurdesai
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Indus Biotech Private Limited 1, Rahul Residency, Off Salunke Vihar Road, Kondhwa Pune 411048 Maharashtra India +91-9226164041
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hengpratom T, Lowe GM, Thumanu K, Suknasang S, Tiamyom K, Eumkeb G. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz extract inhibits adipogenesis and lipase activity in vitro. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:177. [PMID: 29884167 PMCID: PMC5994072 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (O. indicum) is found in Thailand. It has been used for the treatment of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an O. indicum extract (OIE) on the adipogenic and biomolecular change in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods Initial studies examined the chemical components of OIE. The cell line 3T3-L1 was used to establish potential toxic effects of OIE during the differentiation of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes. The inhibitory effect of OIE on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was investigated. Moreover, the impact of OIE on pancreatic lipase activity was determined. In further experiments, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to monitor and discriminate biomolecular changes caused by the potential anti-adipogenic effect of OIE on 3T3-L1 cells. Results Chemical screening methods indicated that OIE was composed of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and tannins. The percentage viability of 3T3-L1 cells was not significantly decreased after exposure to either 200 or 150 μg/mL of OIE for 2 and 10 days, respectively compared to control cells. The OIE exhibited a dose-dependent reduction of lipid accumulation compared to the control (p < 0.05). The extract also demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect upon lipase activity compared to the control. The inhibitory effect of the OIE on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells was also confirmed using FTIR microspectroscopy. The signal intensity and the integrated areas relating to lipids, lipid esters, nucleic acids, glycogen and carbohydrates of the OIE-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly lower than the non-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated four distinct clusters for the FTIR spectra of 3T3-L1 adipocytes based on biomolecular changes (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates). This observation was confirmed using Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis (UHCA). Conclusions These novel findings provide evidence that the OIE derived from the fruit pods of the plant is capable of inhibiting lipid and carbohydrate accumulation in adipocytes and also has the potential to inhibit an enzyme associated with fat absorption. The initial observations indicate that OIE may have important properties which in the future may be exploited for the management of the overweight or obese.
Collapse
|
10
|
Madsen JGS, Rauch A, Van Hauwaert EL, Schmidt SF, Winnefeld M, Mandrup S. Integrated analysis of motif activity and gene expression changes of transcription factors. Genome Res 2018; 28:243-255. [PMID: 29233921 PMCID: PMC5793788 DOI: 10.1101/gr.227231.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to predict transcription factors based on sequence information in regulatory elements is a key step in systems-level investigation of transcriptional regulation. Here, we have developed a novel tool, IMAGE, for precise prediction of causal transcription factors based on transcriptome profiling and genome-wide maps of enhancer activity. High precision is obtained by combining a near-complete database of position weight matrices (PWMs), generated by compiling public databases and systematic prediction of PWMs for uncharacterized transcription factors, with a state-of-the-art method for PWM scoring and a novel machine learning strategy, based on both enhancers and promoters, to predict the contribution of motifs to transcriptional activity. We applied IMAGE to published data obtained during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and showed that IMAGE predicts causal transcriptional regulators of this process with higher confidence than existing methods. Furthermore, we generated genome-wide maps of enhancer activity and transcripts during human mesenchymal stem cell commitment and adipocyte differentiation and used IMAGE to identify positive and negative transcriptional regulators of this process. Collectively, our results demonstrate that IMAGE is a powerful and precise method for prediction of regulators of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Grud Skat Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Elvira Laila Van Hauwaert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Fisker Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marc Winnefeld
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim IH, Nam TJ. Enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:636-644. [PMID: 28204815 PMCID: PMC5360387 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of enzyme- treated Ecklonia cava (EEc) extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The components of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were first separated and purified using the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase® X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament® CL). We found that the EEc extract contained three distinct phlorotannins: eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol was the most abundant in the EEc extract at 16 mg/g. Then we examined the inhibitory effects of EEc extract treatment on differentiation‑related transcription factors and on adipogenesis‑related gene expression in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocytes were used to determine the concentrations of the EEc extract and Garcinia cambogia (Gar) extract that did not result in cytotoxicity. Glucose utilization and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the EEc‑treated adipocytes were similarly inhibited by 50 µg/ml EEc and 200 µg/ml Gar, and these results were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression of adipogenesis differentiation‑related transcription factors following treatment with the EEc extract was also examined. Only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (C/EBP)α was decreased, while there was no effect on the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with the EEc extract decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis‑related genes, in particular sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A‑FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. These results suggest that EEc extract treatment has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, specifically by affecting the activation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway and the resulting adipogenesis-related gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Harada H, Kai H, Niiyama H, Nishiyama Y, Katoh A, Yoshida N, Fukumoto Y, Ikeda H. Effectiveness of Cardiac Rehabilitation for Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:449-456. [PMID: 28346572 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with the risk of frailty and poor quality of life. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of sarcopenia and to investigate the effects of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR), including nutrition, physical exercise and medication, in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS We retrospectively studied 322 inpatients with CVD (age 72±12 years). Muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed before and after exercise training in patients with and without sarcopenia, which was defined as either a gait speed of <0.8 m/s or reduced handgrip strength (<26 kg in males and <18 kg in females), together with lower skeletal muscle index (SMI) (<7.0 kg/m2 in males and <5.7 kg/m2 in females). The actual daily total calorie and nutrient intake was also calculated. RESULTS Sarcopenia was identified in 28% of patients with CVD, these patients having a higher prevalence of symptomatic chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease. SMI was significantly associated with protein intake and statin treatment. The ratio of peak VO2 and SMI was significantly higher in the statin treatment group. Handgrip strength, gait speed, leg weight bearing index, and nutritional intake improved after exercise training in patients both with and without sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that CCR is a promising strategy for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Harada
- Hisao Ikeda, MD, PhD, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 6-22 Misaki-machi, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8505, Japan, E-mail: , Tel: +81-944-57-8333, Fax: +81-944-55-7703
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li KK, Wong HL, Hu T, Zhang C, Han XQ, Ye CX, Leung PC, Cheng BH, Ko CH. Impacts ofCamelliakucha and its main chemical components on the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Hing Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Tianyong Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT; Longgang ENT hospital & Institute of ENT; Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Xiao Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Chuang Xing Ye
- Department of Biology; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Bao Hui Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT; Longgang ENT hospital & Institute of ENT; Shenzhen 518172 China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Quesada-López T, González-Dávalos L, Piña E, Mora O. HSD1 and AQP7 short-term gene regulation by cortisone in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte 2016; 5:298-305. [PMID: 27617175 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1187341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose Tissue (AT) is a complex organ with a crucial regulatory role in energy metabolism and in the development of obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Modified responses and the metabolism of hormones have been observed in visceral adiposity during obesity, specifically as related with cortisone. The objective of this study was to assess, in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, the short-term effect of cortisone on the expression of 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd1), which is responsible for activation of cortisone into cortisol, and for Aquaporin 7 (Aqp7), involved in glycerol transport through the cell membrane. Total RNA (tRNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA) were obtained from cell samples treated with cortisone (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) during different times (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min, and 48 h) to quantify the expression of the aforementioned genes by real time PCR employing MnSOD and Ppia as housekeeping genes. There was a time-dependent response of Aqp7, a dose-dependent response of Hsd1, and an increase observed in the expression of both genes during min 1 of treatment (5- and 6-fold, respectively), followed by a decrease during the following 5-10 min (P < 0.05). With the 1-μM cortisone treatment, both genes showed cubic tendencies in their expression; the Hsd1 tendency is described by the equation y = 0.18×(3)-1.65×(2)+3.59x+1.31, while the Aqp7 tendency is described by y = 0.33×(3)-2.67×(2)+4.93x+1.84. There are immediate and quantitatively important actions of cortisone on the expression of Aqp7 and Hsd1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Co-treatment of Pitavastatin and Dexamethasone Exacerbates the High-fat Diet-induced Atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 66:189-95. [PMID: 25874855 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of macrophage adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) induces development of atherosclerosis in animal models. We previously reported that statin inhibited while dexamethasone activated macrophage FABP4 expression. However, co-treatment of macrophages with statin and dexamethasone induced FABP4 expression in a synergistic manner, which implies that this co-treatment may exacerbate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis. In this study, we fed apoE-deficient (apoE) mice with HFD or HFD containing dexamethasone or pitavastatin or both for 16 weeks. Compared with HFD alone, pitavastatin or dexamethasone had little effect on lesions in both en face aortas and aortic root cross sections. However, the co-treatment exacerbated HFD-induced lesions. In addition, the co-treatment decreased collagen content and disturbed the integrity of lesion caps. Both serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were reduced by pitavastatin and increased by dexamethasone, respectively. However, the co-treatment had little effect on both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, indicating that the exacerbation of lesions is independent of total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels. FABP4 expression in aortic lesion area was significantly induced by the co-treatment, suggesting that activation of FABP4 expression is a main contributor to lesions. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that co-treatment of pitavastatin and dexamethasone exacerbates HFD-induced atherosclerosis and defines a potential risk to use the dual treatment for patients in clinics.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shankar K, Singh SK, Kumar D, Varshney S, Gupta A, Rajan S, Srivastava A, Beg M, Srivastava AK, Kanojiya S, Mishra DK, Gaikwad AN. Cucumis melo ssp. Agrestis var. Agrestis Ameliorates High Fat Diet Induced Dyslipidemia in Syrian Golden Hamsters and Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S501-10. [PMID: 27013786 PMCID: PMC4787080 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. agrestis (CMA) is a wild variety of C. melo. This study aimed to explore anti-dyslipidemic and anti-adipogenic potential of CMA. Materials and Methods: For initial anti-dyslipidemic and antihyperglycemic potential of CMA fruit extract (CMFE), male Syrian golden hamsters were fed a chow or high-fat diet with or without CMFE (100 mg/kg). Further, we did fractionation of this CMFE into two fractions namely; CMA water fraction (CMWF) and CMA hexane fraction (CMHF). Phytochemical screening was done with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC- (MS)/MS and direct analysis in real time-MS to detect active compounds in the fractions. Further, high-fat diet fed dyslipidemic hamsters were treated with CMWF and CMHF at 50 mg/kg for 7 days. Results: Oral administration of CMFE and both fractions (CMWF and CMHF) reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low‐density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in high fat diet-fed dyslipidemic hamsters. CMHF also modulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and reverse cholesterol transport. Standard biochemical diagnostic tests suggested that neither of fractions causes any toxicity to hamster liver or kidneys. CMFE and CMHF also decreased oil-red-O accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is concluded that CMA possesses anti-dyslipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic activity along with the anti-adipogenic activity. SUMMARY The oral administration of Cucumis melo agrestis fruit extract (CMFE) and its fractions (CMWF and CMHF) improved serum lipid profile in HFD fed dyslipidemic hamsters. CMFE, CMWF and CMHF significantly attenuated body weight gain and eWAT hypertrophy. The CMHF decreased lipogenesis in both liver and adipose tissue. CMFE and CMHF also inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Abbreviation used: CMA: Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. agrestis, CMFE: CMA fruit extract, CMWF: CMA water fraction, CMHF: CMA hexane fraction, FAS: Fatty acid synthase, SREBP1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, ACC: Acetyl CoA carboxylase, LXR α: Liver X receptor α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujith Rajan
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipak K Mishra
- Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil N Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li KK, Liu CL, Shiu HT, Wong HL, Siu WS, Zhang C, Han XQ, Ye CX, Leung PC, Ko CH. Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) water extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20172. [PMID: 26833256 PMCID: PMC4735603 DOI: 10.1038/srep20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. Previously we found that cocoa tea demonstrated a beneficial effect against high-fat diet induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of cocoa tea in vitro using preadipocytes 3T3-L1. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O stain, qPCR and Western blot. Our results demonstrated that cocoa tea significantly inhibited triglyceride accumulation in mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Cocoa tea was shown to suppress the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP α). The tea extract was subsequently found to reduce the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes such as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid translocase (FAT) and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1). In addition, JNK, ERK and p38 phosphorylation were inhibited during cocoa tea inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, this is the first study that demonstrates cocoa tea has the capacity to suppress adipogenesis in pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 similar to traditional green tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuek Lun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hing Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuang Xing Ye
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Torabi S, Mo H. Trans, trans-farnesol as a mevalonate-derived inducer of murine 3T3-F442A pre-adipocyte differentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:493-500. [PMID: 26660152 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215620855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our finding that depletion of mevalonate-derived metabolites inhibits adipocyte differentiation, we hypothesize that trans, trans-farnesol (farnesol), a mevalonate-derived sesquiterpene, induces adipocyte differentiation. Farnesol dose-dependently (25-75 μmol/L) increased intracellular triglyceride content of murine 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes measured by AdipoRed™ Assay and Oil Red-O staining. Concomitantly, farnesol dose-dependently increased glucose uptake and glucose transport protein 4 (GLUT4) expression without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that farnesol increased the mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation, and the mRNA levels of PPARγ-regulated fatty acid-binding protein 4 and adiponectin; in contrast, farnesol downregulated Pref-1 gene, a marker of pre-adipocytes. GW9662 (10 µmol/L), an antagonist of PPARγ, reversed the effects of farnesol on cellular lipid content, suggesting that PPARγ signaling pathway may mediate the farnesol effect. Farnesol (25-75 μmol/L) did not affect the mRNA level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Farnesol may be the mevalonate-derived inducer of adipocyte differentiation and potentially an insulin sensitizer via activation of PPARγ and upregulation of glucose uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Torabi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
| | - Huanbiao Mo
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kuo KK, Wu BN, Liu CP, Yang TY, Kao LP, Wu JR, Lai WT, Chen IJ. Xanthine-based KMUP-1 improves HDL via PPARγ/SR-B1, LDL via LDLRs, and HSL via PKA/PKG for hepatic fat loss. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2070-84. [PMID: 26351364 PMCID: PMC4617394 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI)/eNOS enhancer KMUP-1, targeting G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), improves dyslipidemia. We compared its lipid-lowering effects with simvastatin and explored hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) translocation in hepatic fat loss. KMUP-1 HCl (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day) and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) were administered in C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage for 8 weeks. KMUP-1 inhibited HFD-induced plasma/liver TG, total cholesterol, and LDL; increased HDL/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR)/Rho kinase II (ROCK II)/PPARγ/ABCA1; and decreased liver and body weight. KMUP-1 HCl in drinking water (2.5 mg/200 ml tap water) for 1–14 or 8–14 weeks decreased HFD-induced liver and body weight and scavenger receptor class B type I expression and increased protein kinase A (PKA)/PKG/LDLRs/HSL expression and immunoreactivity. In HepG2 cells incubated with serum or exogenous mevalonate, KMUP-1 (10−7∼10−5 M) reversed HMGR expression by feedback regulation, colocalized expression of ABCA1/apolipoprotein A-I/LXRα/PPARγ, and reduced exogenous geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate/farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)-induced RhoA/ROCK II expression. A guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) antagonist reversed KMUP-1-induced ROCK II reduction, indicating cGMP/eNOS involvement. KMUP-1 inceased PKG and LDLRs surrounded by LDL and restored oxidized LDL-induced PKA expresion. Unlike simvastatin, KMUP-1 could not inhibit 14C mevalonate formation. KMUP-1 could, but simvastatin could not, decrease ROCK II expression by exogenous FPP/CGPP. KMUP-1 improves HDL via PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1/Apo-I expression and increases LDLRs/PKA/PKG/HSL expression and immunoreactivity, leading to TG hydrolysis to lower hepatic fat and body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Chung-Pin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Li-Pin Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pedatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu C, Fang D, Chen X, Xinyue L, Nie Y, Xie Y, Ma Y, Deng S, Zhang Z, Song X. Effect of telmisartan on the therapeutic efficacy of pitavastatin in high-fat diet induced dyslipidemic guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:364-71. [PMID: 26057693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II-receptor blockers (ARBs), similar to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), could improve lipid metabolism abnormalities. There might be some cross-talking pathways between statins and ARBs to produce additive beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in dyslipidemia. However, few studies investigate the effects of ARBs on the therapeutic efficacy of statins in dyslipidemia. The present study was designed to systematically evaluate the effects of telmisartan on the therapeutic efficacy of pitavastatin on lowering lipid level and reducing fat deposition by employing a dyslipidemia model, guinea pigs. 48 Male guinea pigs fed with high-fat diet were randomly grouped and treated with vehicle, telmisartan, pitavastatin or telmisartan/pitavastatin combinations. After treatment for eight weeks, telmisartan could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of pitavastatin by extremely reducing body weight gain, weight of adipose tissue and adipocyte size. However, telmisartan/pitavastatin combinations could not further improve lipid levels on the basis of pitavastain, though single telmisartan markedly decreased triglyceride (TG) and slightly increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, telmisartan/pitavastatin combinations significantly upregulated the gene expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ, but no effects on the expression of PPAR-α/γ, leptin and adiponectin compared to monotherapy. Taken together, our studies provided new evidences that telmisartan has an additive beneficial influence on decreasing fat deposition and weight gain through PPAR-δ pathway but cannot enhance the therapeutic efficacy of pitavastatin on lowering lipid levels. The combinational administration of telmisartan and pitavastatin could be a potential therapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia related obesity and worthy of further investigation in obese animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dailong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Xinyue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yafei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Senyi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rius Tarruella J, Millán Núñez-Cortés J, Pedro-Botet J, Pintó Sala X. [Statins diabetogenicity: are all the same? state of art]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2015; 27:148-58. [PMID: 25835612 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Statins are the cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention for general population, and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, statin therapy predisposes to type 2 diabetes, particularly in patients with predisposition to this condition. Some statins have been associated with increases in blood glucose in patients with or without DM2, and others have shown to have neutral effects, varying from one another their glucose or diabetogenic capacity. In many statin trials the incidence of DM2 has not been systematically evaluated and others the power to detect differences between statins is lacking. Evidence highest quality available comes from the meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. The only controlled clinical trial to evaluate the incidence of new-onset T2DM is the J-PREDICT conducted with pitavastatin in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. Preliminary results of this study show that pitavastatin is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of de novo T2DM compared to only modification lifestyle. Therefore, pitavastatin may be an appropriate therapeutic alternative of choice to reduce vascular risk in patients with T2DM or at risk of presenting it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Millán Núñez-Cortés
- Unidad de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Lípidos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Unidad de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Lípidos, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - Xavier Pintó Sala
- Unidad de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Lípidos, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, España
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fermented Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae alleviates high fat diet-induced obesity in association with regulation of intestinal permeability and microbiota in rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8391. [PMID: 25684573 PMCID: PMC4329570 DOI: 10.1038/srep08391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activities of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM). Here, we evaluated the anti-obesity impact of unfermented (URAM) versus fermented RAM (FRAM) using both in vitro and in vivo models. Both URAM and FRAM exhibited marked anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, and anti-obesity activities, and modulation of the gut microbial distribution. However, FRAM, compared to URAM, resulted in more efficient suppression of NO production and normalization of transepithelial electrical resistance in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 and HCT 116 cells, respectively. Compared to URAM, FRAM more effectively reduced the adipose tissue weight; ameliorated the serum triglyceride and aspartate transaminase levels; restored the serum HDL level and intestinal epithelial barrier function in the LPS control group. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia as well as Bacteriodetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gut of the LPS control group was significantly enhanced by both URAM and FRAM. However, FRAM, but not URAM, resulted in a significant increase in the distribution of Bacteriodetes and Lactobacillus in the gut of the HFD + LPS group. Our results suggest that FRAM with probiotics can exert a greater anti-obesity effect than URAM, which is probably mediated at least in part via regulation of the intestinal microbiota and gut permeability.
Collapse
|
23
|
Valero-Muñoz M, Martín-Fernández B, Ballesteros S, Cachofeiro V, Lahera V, de Las Heras N. [Rosuvastatin improves insulin sensitivity in overweight rats induced by high fat diet. Role of SIRT1 in adipose tissue]. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2014; 26:161-167. [PMID: 24612843 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of rosuvastatin on insulin resistance in overweight rats induced by high fat diet, as well as potential mediators. METHODS We used male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet (CT) or high fat diet (33.5% fat) (HFD); half of the animals HFD were treated with rosuvastatin (15mg/kg/day) (HFD+Rosu) for 7 weeks. RESULTS HFD rats showed increased body, epididymal and lumbar adipose tissue weights. Treatment with Rosu did not modify body weight or the weight of the adipose packages in HFD rat. Plasma glucose and insulin levels and HOMA index were higher in HFD rats, and rosuvastatin treatment reduced them. Leptin/adiponectin ratio in plasma and lumbar adipose tissue were higher in HDF rats, and were reduced by rosuvastatin. SIRT-1, PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 protein expression in lumbar adipose tissue were lower in HFD rats and Rosu normalized expression of the three mediators. CONCLUSIONS Rosuvastatin ameliorates insulin sensitivity induced by HFD in rats. This effect is mediated by several mechanisms including reduction of leptin and enhancement of SIRT-1, PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 expression in white adipose tissue. SIRT1 could be considered a major mediator of the beneficial effects of rosuvastatin on insulin sensitivity in overweight rats induced by diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Valero-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | | | - Sandra Ballesteros
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
| | - Natalia de Las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brault M, Ray J, Gomez YH, Mantzoros CS, Daskalopoulou SS. Statin treatment and new-onset diabetes: a review of proposed mechanisms. Metabolism 2014; 63:735-45. [PMID: 24641882 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New-onset diabetes has been observed in clinical trials and meta-analyses involving statin therapy. To explain this association, three major mechanisms have been proposed and discussed in the literature. First, certain statins affect insulin secretion through direct, indirect or combined effects on calcium channels in pancreatic β-cells. Second, reduced translocation of glucose transporter 4 in response to treatment results in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Third, statin therapy decreases other important downstream products, such as coenzyme Q10, farnesyl pyrophosphate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, and dolichol; their depletion leads to reduced intracellular signaling. Other possible mechanisms implicated in the effect of statins on new-onset diabetes are: statin interference with intracellular insulin signal transduction pathways via inhibition of necessary phosphorylation events and reduction of small GTPase action; inhibition of adipocyte differentiation leading to decreased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein which are important pathways for glucose homeostasis; decreased leptin causing inhibition of β-cells proliferation and insulin secretion; and diminished adiponectin levels. Given that the magnitude of the risk of new-onset diabetes following statin use remains to be fully clarified and the well-established beneficial effect of statins in reducing cardiovascular risk, statins remain the first-choice treatment for prevention of CVD. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the development of diabetes in association with statin use may help identify novel preventative or therapeutic approaches to this problem and/or help design a new generation statin without such side-effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Brault
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Ray
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yessica-Haydee Gomez
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Endocrinology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elfakhani M, Torabi S, Hussein D, Mills N, Verbeck GF, Mo H. Mevalonate deprivation mediates the impact of lovastatin on the differentiation of murine 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:293-301. [PMID: 24477821 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213517614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The statins competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity and consequently the synthesis of mevalonate. The use of statins is associated with insulin resistance, presumably due to the impaired differentiation and diminished glucose utilization of adipocytes. We hypothesize that mevalonate is essential to adipocyte differentiation and adipogenic gene expression. Adipo-Red assay and Oil Red O staining showed that an eight-day incubation with 0-2.5 µmol/L lovastatin dose-dependently reduced the intracellular triglyceride content of murine 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Concomitantly, lovastatin downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), leptin (Lep), fatty acid binding protein 4 (Fabp4), and adiponectin (AdipoQ) as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR). The expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (Srebp-1), a transcriptional regulator of Pparγ and Lep genes, was also suppressed by lovastatin. Western-blot showed that lovastatin reduced the level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) while inducing a compensatory over-expression of HMG CoA reductase. The impact of lovastatin on intracellular triglyceride content and expression of the adipogenic genes was reversed by supplemental mevalonate. Mevalonate-derived metabolites have essential roles in promoting adipogenic gene expression and adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Elfakhani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
de las Heras N, Valero-Muñoz M, Ballesteros S, Gómez-Hernández A, Martín-Fernández B, Blanco-Rivero J, Cachofeiro V, Benito M, Balfagón G, Lahera V. Factors involved in rosuvastatin induction of insulin sensitization in rats fed a high fat diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1107-1114. [PMID: 23434394 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To investigate whether rosuvastatin can improve insulin sensitivity in overweight rats having a high fat diet (HFD). The potential mechanisms involved in this action were evaluated, including SIRT-1, other factors involved in glucose metabolism and stress signaling pathways. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into three groups: (i) rats fed a standard diet (3.5% fat); (ii) rats fed a HFD (33.5% fat); and (iii) rats fed a HFD and treated with rosuvastatin (15 mg/kg/day). Evolution: 7 weeks. HFD rats showed increased body, epididymal and lumbar adipose tissue weights. Plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, glucose and insulin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were higher in HFD rats, and rosuvastatin treatment reduced them. SIRT-1, p53, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 protein levels in white adipose tissue (WAT) were lower, and JNK was higher in HFD rats compared to controls. Rosuvastatin treatment normalized expression of these mediators. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was reduced in mesenteric rings from HFD rats compared to controls and rosuvastatin enhanced it in HFD rats. CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin treatment reduced insulin resistance without affecting body weight or WAT loss in HFD rats. Reduction of leptin and JNK, and enhancement of SIRT-1, p53, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ and GLUT-4 expression in WAT could contribute to insulin sensitization. Normalization of SIRT-1 expression in WAT could be considered a key novel mechanism that aids in explaining the beneficial effects of rosuvastatin on the amelioration of glucose metabolism and the arrangement of multiple signaling pathways participating in insulin resistance in overweight HFD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N de las Heras
- Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hasan ST, Zingg JM, Kwan P, Noble T, Smith D, Meydani M. Curcumin modulation of high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis and steatohepatosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 232:40-51. [PMID: 24401215 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consuming curcumin may benefit health by modulating lipid metabolism and suppressing atherogenesis. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP-4/aP2) and CD36 expression are key factors in lipid accumulation in macrophages and foam cell formation in atherogenesis. Our earlier observations suggest that curcumin's suppression of atherogenesis might be mediated through changes in aP2 and CD36 expression in macrophages. Thus, this study aimed to further elucidate the impact of increasing doses of curcumin on modulation of these molecular mediators on high fat diet-induced atherogenesis, inflammation, and steatohepatosis in Ldlr(-/-) mice. METHODS Ldlr(-/-) mice were fed low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) diet supplemented with curcumin (500 HF + LC; 1000 HF + MC; 1500 HF + HC mg/kg diet) for 16 wks. Fecal samples were analyzed for total lipid content. Lipids accumulation in THP-1 cells and expression of aP2, CD36 and lipid accumulation in peritoneal macrophages were measured. Fatty streak lesions and expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 in descending aortas were quantified. Aortic root was stained for fatty and fibrotic deposits and for the expression of aP2 and VCAM-1. Total free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol as well as several inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma. The liver's total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL content were measured, and the presence of fat droplets, peri-portal fibrosis and glycogen was examined histologically. RESULTS Curcumin dose-dependently reduced uptake of oxLDL in THP-1 cells. Curcumin also reduced body weight gain and body fat without affecting fat distribution. During early intervention, curcumin decreased fecal fat, but at later stages, it increased fat excretion. Curcumin at medium doses of 500-1000 mg/kg diet was effective at reducing fatty streak formation and suppressing aortic expression of IL-6 in the descending aorta and blood levels of several inflammatory cytokines, but at a higher dose (HF + HC, 1500 mg/kg diet), it had adverse effects on some of these parameters. This U-shape like trend was also present when aortic root sections were examined histologically. However, at a high dose, curcumin suppressed development of steatohepatosis, reduced fibrotic tissue, and preserved glycogen levels in liver. CONCLUSION Curcumin through a series of complex mechanisms, alleviated the adverse effects of high fat diet on weight gain, fatty liver development, dyslipidemia, expression of inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerosis in Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of human atherosclerosis. One of the mechanisms by which low dose curcumin modulates atherogenesis is through suppression of aP2 and CD36 expression in macrophages, which are the key players in atherogenesis. Overall, these effects of curcumin are dose-dependent; specifically, a medium dose of curcumin in HF diet appears to be more effective than a higher dose of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Hasan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - J-M Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - P Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Tufts School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - T Noble
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - D Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - M Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sadie-Van Gijsen H, Hough FS, Ferris WF. Determinants of bone marrow adiposity: the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 activity as a central mechanism. Bone 2013; 56:255-65. [PMID: 23800517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the presence of adipocytes in the bone marrow is a normal physiological phenomenon, the role of these cells in bone homeostasis and during pathological states has not yet been fully delineated. As osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from a common progenitor, with an inverse relationship existing between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis, bone marrow adiposity often negatively correlates with osteoblast number and bone mineral density. Bone adiposity can be affected by several physiological and pathophysiological factors, with abnormal, elevated marrow fat resulting in a pathological state. This review focuses on the regulation of bone adiposity by physiological factors, including aging, mechanical loading and growth factor expression, as well as the pathophysiological factors, including diseases such as anorexia nervosa and dyslipidemia, and pharmacological agents such as thiazolidinediones and statins. Although these factors regulate bone marrow adiposity via a plethora of different intracellular signaling pathways, these diverse pathways often converge on the modulation of the expression and/or activity of the pro-adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2, suggesting that any factor that affects PPAR-γ2 may have an impact on the fat content of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu W, Zhou X, Jiang M, Duan Y, Chen Y, Li X, Yin Z, He GW, Yao Z, Zhu Y, Hajjar DP, Han J. Statins synergize dexamethasone-induced adipocyte fatty acid binding protein expression in macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:434-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
30
|
Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Ochoa-Herrera J, Perez-Lopez P, Pulido-Moran M, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Squalene ameliorates atherosclerotic lesions through the reduction of CD36 scavenger receptor expression in macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:733-40. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Granados-Principal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Jose L. Quiles
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | | | - Julio Ochoa-Herrera
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Patricia Perez-Lopez
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada; Granada Spain
- “José Mataix” Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology. Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada; Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Pitavastatin is the newest member of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor family and is approved as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (Apo) B, and triglycerides and to increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in adult patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia. Pitavastatin undergoes minimal metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and, therefore, has a low propensity for drug-drug interactions with drugs metabolized by CYP enzymes or the CYP3A4 substrate grapefruit juice. In clinical trials, pitavastatin potently and consistently reduced serum levels of total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia where diet and other non-pharmacological measures were inadequate. Mean reductions from baseline in serum total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 21-32%, 30-45%, and 10-30%, respectively. Moreover, a consistent trend towards increased HDL cholesterol levels of 3-10% was seen. Long-term extension studies show that the beneficial effects of pitavastatin are maintained for up to 2 years. Pitavastatin produces reductions from baseline in serum total and LDL cholesterol levels to a similar extent to those seen with the potent agent atorvastatin and to a greater extent than those seen with simvastatin or pravastatin. In the majority of other studies comparing pitavastatin and atorvastatin, no significant differences in the favorable effects on lipid parameters were seen, although pitavastatin was consistently associated with trends towards increased HDL cholesterol levels. Pitavastatin also produces beneficial effects on lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome without deleterious effects on markers of glucose metabolism, such as fasting blood glucose levels or proportion of glycosylated hemoglobin. Pitavastatin appears to exert a number of beneficial effects on patients at risk of cardiovascular events independent of lipid lowering. In the JAPAN-ACS (Japan Assessment of Pitavastatin and Atorvastatin in Acute Coronary Syndrome) study, pitavastatin was non-inferior to atorvastatin at reducing plaque volume in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Further beneficial effects, including favorable effects on the size and composition of atherosclerotic plaques, improvements in cardiovascular function, and improvements in markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal function, have been demonstrated in a number of small studies. Pitavastatin is generally well tolerated in hyperlipidemic patients with or without type 2 diabetes, with the most common treatment-related adverse events being musculoskeletal or gastrointestinal in nature. Increases in plasma creatine kinase levels were seen in <5% of pitavastatin recipients and the incidence of myopathy or rhabdomyolysis was extremely low. In summary, pitavastatin, the latest addition to the statin family, produces potent and consistent beneficial effects on lipids, is well tolerated, and has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The combination of a potent decrease in total and LDL cholesterol levels and increase in HDL cholesterol levels suggest that pitavastatin may produce substantial cardiovascular protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques da Silva
- Núcleo de Investigação Arterial, Medicina IV - Hospital de Sta. Marta, CHLC, EPE, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Abstract
The cholesterol biosynthetic pathway produces not only sterols but also non-sterol mevalonate metabolites involved in isoprenoid synthesis. Mevalonate metabolites affect transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that in turn affect various biological processes including energy metabolism. In the present study, we examine whether mevalonate metabolites activate PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ), a ligand-dependent transcription factor playing a central role in adipocyte differentiation. In the luciferase reporter assay using both GAL4 chimaera and full-length PPARγ systems, a mevalonate metabolite, FPP (farnesyl pyrophosphate), which is the precursor of almost all isoprenoids and is positioned at branch points leading to the synthesis of other longer-chain isoprenoids, activated PPARγ in a dose-dependent manner. FPP induced the in vitro binding of a co-activator, SRC-1 (steroid receptor co-activator-1), to GST (glutathione transferase)–PPARγ. Direct binding of FPP to PPARγ was also indicated by docking simulation studies. Moreover, the addition of FPP up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of PPARγ target genes during adipocyte differentiation induction. In the presence of lovastatin, an HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitor, both intracellular FPP levels and PPARγ-target gene expressions were decreased. In contrast, the increase in intracellular FPP level after the addition of zaragozic acid, a squalene synthase inhibitor, induced PPARγ-target gene expression. The addition of FPP and zaragozic acid promotes lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. These findings indicated that FPP might function as an endogenous PPARγ agonist and regulate gene expression in adipocytes.
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Effects of sub-sonic vibration on the proliferation and maturation of 3T3-L1 cells. Life Sci 2010; 88:169-77. [PMID: 21062628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although low and high intensity sub-sonic vibrations (SSV) have been shown to facilitate wound healing, very few studies have investigated the effects of SSV on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of SSV on the proliferation and maturation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MAIN METHODS To evaluate the effect of SSV on 3T3-L1 cell proliferation, the cells were maintained in an apparatus that administered SSV (0.5 V) for 3 days at a frequency of 10, 20, 30, or 40 Hz. In addition, to study the effect of SSV on 3T3-L1 cell maturation, the cells were stimulated with SSV for 6 days at a frequency of 10, 20, 30, or 45 Hz. KEY FINDINGS Sub-sonic vibrations inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at frequencies of 20 and 30 Hz. Triglyceride levels in cells subjected to SSV at frequencies ranging from 10 to 30 Hz increased compared with those measured in control cells. The expression of adipogenic genes, such as PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α, markedly increased in response to SSV at 20 Hz and 30 Hz during maturation. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that SSV affected adipogenic gene expression at 20 and 30 Hz.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gotto AM, Moon J. Pitavastatin for the treatment of primary hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8:1079-90. [PMID: 20670185 DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pitavastatin is a new, synthetic member of the statin class of lipid-lowering drugs. Compared with other available statins, it has a unique cyclopropyl group on its base structure that is believed to increase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition by a factor of five and to significantly increase the transcription and activity of LDL receptors. Pitavastatin is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation and is not a substrate for the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, thus avoiding the potential for cytochrome P450-mediated drug-drug interactions. Clinical trials have shown that pitavastatin is comparable to atorvastatin and simvastatin in improving lipid measures, and more potent than pravastatin. Pitavastatin is effective in reducing triglycerides and increasing HDL-cholesterol, so it will be particularly beneficial in treating patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Its safety and adverse event profile is similar to that of other available statins, and it has an established history of use in Asia indicating tolerability and safety for treatment lasting up to 7 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Gotto
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Ave. Y-805, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Frijters R, van Vugt M, Smeets R, van Schaik R, de Vlieg J, Alkema W. Literature mining for the discovery of hidden connections between drugs, genes and diseases. PLoS Comput Biol 2010; 6. [PMID: 20885778 PMCID: PMC2944780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific literature represents a rich source for retrieval of knowledge on associations between biomedical concepts such as genes, diseases and cellular processes. A commonly used method to establish relationships between biomedical concepts from literature is co-occurrence. Apart from its use in knowledge retrieval, the co-occurrence method is also well-suited to discover new, hidden relationships between biomedical concepts following a simple ABC-principle, in which A and C have no direct relationship, but are connected via shared B-intermediates. In this paper we describe CoPub Discovery, a tool that mines the literature for new relationships between biomedical concepts. Statistical analysis using ROC curves showed that CoPub Discovery performed well over a wide range of settings and keyword thesauri. We subsequently used CoPub Discovery to search for new relationships between genes, drugs, pathways and diseases. Several of the newly found relationships were validated using independent literature sources. In addition, new predicted relationships between compounds and cell proliferation were validated and confirmed experimentally in an in vitro cell proliferation assay. The results show that CoPub Discovery is able to identify novel associations between genes, drugs, pathways and diseases that have a high probability of being biologically valid. This makes CoPub Discovery a useful tool to unravel the mechanisms behind disease, to find novel drug targets, or to find novel applications for existing drugs. The biomedical literature is an important source of knowledge on the function of genes and on the mechanisms by which these genes regulate cellular processes. Several text mining approaches have been developed to leverage this rich source of information by automatically extracting associations between concepts such as genes, diseases and drugs from a large body of text. Here, we describe a new method that extracts novel, not yet recognized associations between genes, diseases, drugs and cellular processes from the biomedical literature. Our method is built on the assumption that even if two concepts do not have a direct connection in literature, they may be functionally related if they are both connected to an overlapping set of concepts. Using this approach we predicted several novel connections between genes, diseases, drugs and pathways. Our results imply that our method is able to predict novel relationships from literature and, most importantly, that these newly identified relationships are biologically relevant. Our method can aid the drug discovery process where it can be used to find novel drug targets, increase insight in mode of action of a drug or find novel applications for known drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Frijters
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne van Vugt
- Department of Immune Therapeutics, Schering-Plough, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Smeets
- Department of Immune Therapeutics, Schering-Plough, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - René van Schaik
- Department of Molecular Design & Informatics, Schering-Plough, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Vlieg
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Design & Informatics, Schering-Plough, Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Department of Molecular Design & Informatics, Schering-Plough, Oss, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng B, Wan J, Wang Y, Mei C, Liu W, Ke L, He P. Ghrelin inhibits foam cell formation via simultaneously down-regulating the expression of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 and up-regulating adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 19:e159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
|
39
|
Huang Y, Yang X, Wu Y, Jing W, Cai X, Tang W, Liu L, Liu Y, Grottkau BE, Lin Y. gamma-secretase inhibitor induces adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells by regulation of Notch and PPAR-gamma. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:147-56. [PMID: 20447060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Notch signalling on adipogenesis of mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mASCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Varied concentrations of N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester (DAPT) were added to mASCs 3 days before adipogenic induction with insulin-containing differentiation medium. The process of adipogenesis and ability of lipid droplet accumulation were analysed using oil red-O staining. The Notch signalling pathway (Notch-1, -2, -3, -4, Hes-1 and Hey-1) and adipogenesis-related factors (PPAR-gamma, DLK-1/Pref-1 and Acrp) were tested using real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that Notch-2-Hes-1 signalling pathway was inhibited dose-dependently by DAPT in mASCs. In addition, transcription of PPAR-gamma was promoted by DAPT before adipogenic induction, while inhibitor of adipogenesis DLK-1/Pref-1 was further depressed. At early stages of differentiation (2-4 days), adipogenesis in mASCs was advanced and significantly enhanced in 5 and 10 mum DAPT pre-treated cases. On day 4, in differentiated mASCs cases with DAPT pre-treatment, we also found promotion of activation of de-PPAR-gamma and depression of HES-1, DLK-1/Pref-1 mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that blocking Notch signalling with DAPT enhances adipogenesis of differentiated mASCs at an early stage. It may be due to depression of DLK-1/Pref-1 and promotion of de-PPAR-gamma activation, which work through inhibition of Notch-2-Hes-1 pathway by DAPT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ishihara Y, Ohmori K, Mizukawa M, Hasan AU, Noma T, Kohno M. Beneficial direct adipotropic actions of pitavastatin in vitro and their manifestations in obese mice. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:131-8. [PMID: 20466374 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prevention of cardiovascular complications in obese patients frequently includes statin administration for coexisting dyslipidemia. Herein, we investigated the impacts of pitavastatin at clinically relevant doses on adipose dysfunction and insulin resistance. METHODS We treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with 10-100 ng/ml pitavastatin from initiation of differentiation (Day 0) to Day 8 (differentiation/maturation phase) or from Day 8 to Day 16 (post-maturation phase). Subsequently, we administered pitavastatin (6.2mg/day/kg) to 7-week-old female KKAy mice for 6 weeks; untreated KKAy mice served as obese controls. RESULTS Pitavastatin impaired neither lipogenesis nor adiponectin expression during the differentiation/maturation phase. During the post-maturation phase, pitavastatin prevented excessive triglyceride accumulation, which was associated with attenuated glucose transporter-4 expression, and dose-dependently upregulated hormone-sensitive lipase expression. Decrements in the adiponectin/plasminogen activator-1 ratio were also dose-dependently inhibited. In KKAy mice, Coulter counter analyses revealed that pitavastatin treatment significantly decreased (by 16.8%) the frequency of hypertrophic adipocytes (>150 microm in diameter) in parametrial adipose pads, of which total weight remained unaltered. Correspondingly, plasma adiponectin was significantly higher in pitavastatin-treated KKAy mice than in the untreated KKAy mice (12.5+/-3.8 microg/ml vs. 8.3+/-1.5 microg/ml, p<0.05). Moreover, the area under the time-glucose curve after intraperitoneal insulin was decreased by 16% in pitavastatin-treated KKAy mice (p<0.05 vs. untreated controls). CONCLUSIONS Pitavastatin did not impair differentiation/maturation of preadipocytes and prevented their deterioration with hypertrophy after maturation at clinical concentrations in vitro. These effects likely contributed to improved insulin sensitivity, in an obese model, via prevention of adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocytokine dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiorenal Cerebrovascular Medicine, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maeda T, Horiuchi N. Simvastatin suppresses leptin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of the cyclic AMP-PKA pathway induced by inhibition of protein prenylation. J Biochem 2009; 145:771-81. [PMID: 19254925 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which catalyses conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. We demonstrated that simvastatin at 1 microM markedly inhibited adipocyte differentiation measured by Oil Red O staining in preadipocyte cells (3T3-L1), while expression of leptin, a marker of adipocyte differentiation, was suppressed by 1 muM simvastatin for up to 12 days of culture. Next, to elucidate mechanisms underlying the reduction of leptin expression induced by simvastatin, differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with various inhibitors with mevalonate or its metabolite in the presence or absence of simvastatin. Simvastatin time- and dose-dependently suppressed leptin mRNA expression. Heterogeneous nuclear RNA related to leptin mRNA was inhibited by 10 muM simvastatin, while stability of the mRNA was not changed by treatment with simvastatin in transcription-arrested 3T3-L1 cells. Simvastatin inhibition of leptin gene transcription was not abrogated by pre-treatment with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Addition of mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), a mevalonate metabolite, abolished simvastatin-induced inhibition of leptin expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Suppression of expression was observed upon addition of GGTI-298, a geranylgeranyl transferase I inhibitor, but not FTI-277, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor. Expression was suppressed by treatment with hydroxyfasudil, a protein prenylation inhibitor. Treatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, reduced leptin expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Simvastatin dose-dependently increased intra-cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations in 3T3-L1 cells, with maximal stimulation obtained at 10 muM. Addition of GGPP abolished simvastatin-induced stimulation of cAMP accumulation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. H89, an inhibitor of PKA, completely abolished simvastatin-induced suppression of leptin expression. These results suggested that simvastatin reduced geranylgeranylprotein prenylation followed by deactivation of PI3K, leading to cAMP accumulation and subsequent activation of PKA in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, PKA inhibited leptin gene transcription without new protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyonobu Maeda
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Madsen L, Petersen RK, Steffensen KR, Pedersen LM, Hallenborg P, Ma T, Frøyland L, Døskeland SO, Gustafsson JÅ, Kristiansen K. Activation of Liver X Receptors Prevents Statin-induced Death of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:22723-36. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800720200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
43
|
Rahman A, Kumar SG, Kim SW, Hwang HJ, Baek YM, Lee SH, Hwang HS, Shon YH, Nam KS, Yun JW. Proteomic analysis for inhibitory effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Proteomics 2008; 8:569-81. [PMID: 18175373 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we performed a differential proteomic analysis using 2-DE combined with MS to clarify the molecular mechanism for the suppressive effect of chitosan oligosaccharides (CO) during differentiation of adipocyte 3T3-L1. Cell differentiation was significantly inhibited by CO at the concentration of 4 mg/mL. Protein mapping of adipocyte homogenates by 2-DE revealed that numerous protein spots were differentially altered in response to CO treatment. Out of 50 identified proteins showing significant alterations, six were up-regulated and 44 were down-regulated by CO treatment in comparison to control mature adipocytes. Among them, most of the proteins are associated with lipid metabolism, cytoskeleton, and redox regulation, in which the levels of farnesyl diphosphate synthetase (FDS), dedicator of cytokinesis 9 (DOCK9), and chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) were significantly reduced (>two-fold) with CO treatment. These results have not previously been examined in the context of adipogenesis, and thus can be used as novel biomarkers. Taken together with immunoblot analysis, it was concluded that the inhibitory effect of CO on adipocyte differentiation was mediated by C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma pathway through significant downregulations of important adipogenic molecules such as fatty acid binding protein and glucose transporter 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|