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Zhao Y, Yue R. Aging adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:53-69. [PMID: 37725294 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of population aging, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also rising. Aging affects the tissues and organs of the whole body, which is the result of various physiological and pathological processes. Adipose tissue has a high degree of plasticity and changes with aging. Aging changes the distribution of adipose tissue, affects adipogenesis, browning characteristics, inflammatory status and adipokine secretion, and increases lipotoxicity. These age-dependent changes in adipose tissue are an important cause of insulin resistance and T2D. Understanding adipose tissue changes can help promote healthy aging process. This review summarizes changes in adipose tissue ascribable to aging, with a focus on the role of aging adipose tissue in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ogawa M, Hashimoto Y, Mochizuki Y, Inoguchi T, Kouzuma A, Deguchi M, Saito M, Homma H, Kikuchi N, Okamoto T. Effects of free weight and body mass-based resistance training on thigh muscle size, strength and intramuscular fat in healthy young and middle-aged individuals. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:975-985. [PMID: 37133323 PMCID: PMC10988481 DOI: 10.1113/ep090655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How do free weight resistance training (RT) and body mass-based RT for 8 weeks compare for isometric muscular strength, muscle size and intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the quadriceps femoris? What is the main finding and its importance? Free weight and body mass-based RTs could induce muscle hypertrophy; however, decreased IMF content was observed following the body mass-based RT alone. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of free weight and body mass-based resistance training (RT) on muscle size and thigh intramuscular fat (IMF) in young and middle-aged individuals. Healthy individuals (aged 30-64 years) were assigned to either a free weight RT group (n = 21) or a body mass-based RT group (n = 16). Both groups performed whole-body resistance exercise twice a week for 8 weeks. Free weight resistance exercises (squats, bench press, deadlift, dumbbell rows and back range) involved 70% one repetition maximum, with three sets of 8-12 repetitions per exercise. The nine body mass-based resistance exercises (leg raise, squats, rear raise, overhead shoulder mobility exercise, rowing, dips, lunge, single-leg Romanian deadlifts and push-ups) included the maximum possible repetitions per session, which were performed in one or two sets. Mid-thigh magnetic resonance images using the two-point Dixon method were taken pre- and post-training. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and IMF content in the quadriceps femoris were measured from the images. Both the groups showed significantly increased muscle CSA post-training (free weight RT group, P = 0.001; body mass-based RT group, P = 0.002). IMF content in the body mass-based RT group significantly decreased (P = 0.036) but did not significantly change in the free weight RT group (P = 0.076). These results suggest that the free weight and body mass-based RTs could induce muscle hypertrophy; however, in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, decreased IMF content was induced following the body mass-based RT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ogawa
- Faculty of SociologyKyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita‐kuKyotoJapan
- Faculty of Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yukina Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takamichi Inoguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ayumu Kouzuma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Deguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Mika Saito
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Homma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Faculty of Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Faculty of Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
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Wang T. Searching for the link between inflammaging and sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101611. [PMID: 35307560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Han S, Jeon YJ, Park GM, Lee TY, Park SE, Yu G, Kang BJ. Differences in Abdominal Body Composition According to Glycemic Status: An Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting Analysis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:855-864. [PMID: 34376042 PMCID: PMC8419614 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that abdominal fat and muscle changes occur in diabetic patients. However, there are few studies about such changes among prediabetic patients. In this study, we evaluated the differences in abdominal fat and muscles based on abdominopelvic computed tomography in prediabetic and diabetic subjects compared to normal subjects. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using health examination data from March 2014 to June 2019 at Ulsan University Hospital and classified subjects into normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. We analyzed the body mass index corrected area of intra-abdominal components among the three groups using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. RESULTS Overall, 8,030 subjects were enrolled; 5,137 (64.0%), 2,364 (29.4%), and 529 (6.6%) subjects were included in the normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups, respectively. After IPTW adjustment of baseline characteristics, there were significant differences in log visceral adipose tissue index (VATI; 1.22±0.64 cm2/[kg/m2] vs. 1.30±0.63 cm2/[kg/m2] vs. 1.47±0.64 cm2/[kg/m2], P<0.001) and low-attenuation muscle index (LAMI; 1.02±0.36 cm2/[kg/m2] vs. 1.03±0.36 cm2/[kg/m2] vs. 1.09±0.36 cm2/[kg/m2], P<0.001) among the normal, prediabetic, and diabetic groups. Prediabetic subjects had higher log VATI (estimated coefficient= 0.082, P<0.001), and diabetic subjects had higher log VATI (estimated coefficient=0.248, P<0.001) and LAMI (estimated coefficient=0.078, P<0.001) compared to normal subjects. CONCLUSION Considering that VATI and LAMI represented visceral fat and lipid-rich skeletal muscle volumes, respectively, visceral obesity was identified in both prediabetic and diabetic subjects compared to normal subjects in this study. However, intra-muscular fat infiltration was observed in diabetic subjects only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbong Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Jee Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
| | - Soon Eun Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
| | - Gyeongseok Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
| | - Byung Ju Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,
Korea
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Ko J, Skudder-Hill L, Cho J, Bharmal SH, Petrov MS. Pancreatic enzymes and abdominal adipose tissue distribution in new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3357-3371. [PMID: 34163117 PMCID: PMC8218354 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i23.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP) is the most common sequela of pancreatitis, and it differs from type 2 prediabetes/diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
AIM To study the associations between circulating levels of pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, chymotrypsin and fat phenotypes in NODAP, T2DM, and health.
METHODS Individuals with NODAP (n = 30), T2DM (n = 30), and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 30) were included. Five fat phenotypes (intra-pancreatic fat, liver fat, skeletal muscle fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat) were determined using the same magnetic resonance imaging protocol and scanner magnet strength for all participants. One-way analysis of covariance, linear regression analysis, and relative importance analysis were conducted.
RESULTS Intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) was higher in NODAP (9.4% ± 1.8%) and T2DM (9.8% ± 1.1%) compared with healthy controls (7.8% ± 1.9%) after adjusting for covariates (P = 0.003). Similar findings were observed in regards to visceral fat volume (P = 0.005), but not subcutaneous fat volume, liver fat, or skeletal muscle fat. Both IPFD (β = -2.201, P = 0.023) and visceral fat volume (β = -0.004, P = 0.028) were significantly associated with circulating levels of pancreatic amylase in NODAP, but not in T2DM or healthy individuals. Of the five fat phenotypes, IPFD explained the highest amount of variance in pancreatic amylase concentration (R2 = 15.3% out of 41.2%). None of the phenotypes contributed meaningfully to the variance in pancreatic lipase or chymotrypsin.
CONCLUSION Both NODAP and T2DM are characterized by increased IPFD and visceral fat volume. However, only NODAP is characterized by significant inverse associations between the two fat phenotypes and pancreatic amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Jaelim Cho
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sakina H Bharmal
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Maltais A, Lemieux I, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Després JP. One-Year Lifestyle Intervention, Muscle Lipids, and Cardiometabolic Risk. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2156-2165. [PMID: 31525173 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-attenuation muscle (LAM) area at mid-thigh, a computed tomography (CT)-derived index of intramuscular lipids, is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed at testing the hypothesis that changes in LAM area in trunk muscles from a single abdominal scan could provide relevant information to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention without the use of a mid-thigh CT scan. METHODS Cardiometabolic risk variables, including waist circumference, lipoprotein-lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and cardiorespiratory fitness, were assessed in a sample of 102 dyslipidemic viscerally obese men at baseline and after a 1-yr lifestyle intervention. Abdominal (L4-L5) and mid-thigh CT scans were performed and abdominal muscles classified as psoas and core muscles. Scans were segmented to calculate muscle areas, LAM areas, and mean attenuation values. RESULTS All muscle groups showed a decrease in LAM areas (P < 0.0001) in response to the lifestyle intervention. Changes in LAM areas were significantly associated with changes in triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and log triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio (mid-thigh, 0.20 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.29; psoas, 0.28 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.38; core, 0.29 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.34, P < 0.05). Changes in core LAM area were significantly associated with changes in 2-h glucose levels, glucose area measured during the oral glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (0.21 ≤ r ≤ 0.34, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analyses showed that changes in LAM psoas area were associated with changes in HDL cholesterol and the cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio independently from changes in visceral adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Changes in trunk LAM areas are useful indices of changes in mid-thigh LAM area observed with a 1-yr lifestyle intervention. Thus, an additional mid-thigh scan is not necessary to evaluate muscle lipid content by CT when an abdominal CT scan is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maltais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - Isabelle Lemieux
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, CANADA
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Corbin KD, Driscoll KA, Pratley RE, Smith SR, Maahs DM, Mayer-Davis EJ. Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:629-663. [PMID: 30060120 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with type 1 diabetes in recent years. Although obesity has long been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a catalyst for complications, much less is known about the role of obesity in the initiation and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that obesity contributes to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic complications in type 1 diabetes. Unique therapeutic strategies may be required to address these comorbidities within the context of intensive insulin therapy, which promotes weight gain. There is an urgent need for clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity in type 1 diabetes. The development of these recommendations will require a transdisciplinary research strategy addressing metabolism, molecular mechanisms, lifestyle, neuropsychology, and novel therapeutics. In this review, the prevalence, clinical impact, energy balance physiology, and potential mechanisms of obesity in type 1 diabetes are described, with a special focus on the substantial gaps in knowledge in this field. Our goal is to provide a framework for the evidence base needed to develop type 1 diabetes-specific weight management recommendations that account for the competing outcomes of glycemic control and weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kimberly A Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Richard E Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - David M Maahs
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Maltais A, Alméras N, Lemieux I, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Després JP. Trunk muscle quality assessed by computed tomography: Association with adiposity indices and glucose tolerance in men. Metabolism 2018; 85:205-212. [PMID: 29656048 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Thigh muscle attenuation measured by computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be a reliable and useful index of skeletal muscle fat infiltration. Thigh muscle fat content assessed by CT has been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes and is a correlate of insulin resistance in sedentary individuals. However, as measurement of mid-thigh fat content requires the assessment of another region of interest beyond the usual abdominal scan required to measure levels of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, this study aimed at testing the hypothesis that skeletal muscle fat measured from a single abdominal scan (L4-L5) would also provide information relevant to the estimation of muscle fat infiltration as it relates to cardiometabolic risk. METHODS Abdominal (L4-L5) and mid-thigh CT scans were performed in a sample of 221 sedentary men covering a wide range of adiposity values. Trunk muscles on the L4-L5 scan were classified into 2 groups: 1) psoas and 2) core muscles. The two scans were segmented to calculate muscle areas, mean attenuation values as well as low-attenuation muscle (LAM) areas, the latter being considered as an index of skeletal muscle fat infiltration. Body mass index (BMI), body composition and waist circumference were assessed and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. RESULTS Mid-thigh, psoas and core LAM areas were all significantly associated with body composition indices (0.46 ≤ r ≤ 0.71, p < 0.0001) whereas trunk muscle indices were more strongly associated with visceral adiposity and waist circumference (0.54 ≤ r ≤ 0.79, p < 0.0001) than were mid-thigh muscle variables (0.44 ≤ r ≤ 0.62, p < 0.0001). Mid-thigh LAM area as well as psoas and core LAM areas were significantly associated with fasting glucose, 2-h plasma glucose levels, the glucose area under the curve and with the HOMA-IR index (mid-thigh LAM area: 0.18 ≤ r ≤ 0.25, p < 0.01; psoas LAM area: 0.27 ≤ r ≤ 0.33, p < 0.0001; core LAM area: 0.24 ≤ r ≤ 0.34, p < 0.01). Multivariable stepwise regression analyses revealed that the associations between trunk muscle indices and glucose tolerance/insulin resistance were no longer significant after controlling for visceral adiposity measured at L4-L5. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CT-imaging derived indices of trunk muscle quality are related to glucose tolerance and visceral adiposity. However, the relationship between skeletal muscle fat and insulin resistance appears to be largely mediated by the concomitant variation in visceral adiposity. Finally, our results suggest that a single CT scan performed at L4-L5 is adequate to assess skeletal muscle fat content related to cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Maltais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Lemieux
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Dubé MC, D'Amours M, Weisnagel SJ. Beyond glycaemic control: A cross-over, double-blinded, 24-week intervention with liraglutide in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:178-184. [PMID: 28722271 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of 24 weeks of treatment with liraglutide added to basal/bolus insulin on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight participants with type 1 diabetes. METHODS In a double-blinded cross-over fashion, 15 participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive placebo (saline solution) or liraglutide for 24 weeks including a 1-month titration period from 0.6 to 1.2 to 1.8 mg, in addition to their insulin. The treatment was followed by a 1-month wash-out period. Participants were then assigned to the other treatment for another 24 weeks. Paired rank tests were used to compare the metabolic parameters. RESULTS There was no treatment effect on HbA1c nor on insulin dose. Heart rate was increased by about 8 beats per minute with liraglutide. There were significant reductions in metabolic measures: weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, body fatness, computed tomography scan abdominal and mid-thigh measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressures (all P ≤ .05). There was no increase in time spent in hypoglycaemia with liraglutide. CONCLUSIONS The addition of liraglutide to basal/bolus insulin therapy for 24 weeks in overweight/obese individuals with type 1 diabetes improved the anthropometric and metabolic profiles without an increase in hypoglycaemia. Clinical Trials.gov No: NCT01787916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Dubé
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Martin D'Amours
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - S John Weisnagel
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Vivodtzev I, Moncharmont L, Tamisier R, Borel JC, Arbib F, Wuyam B, Lévy P, Maltais F, Ferretti G, Pépin JL. Quadriceps muscle fat infiltration is associated with cardiometabolic risk in COPD. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:788-797. [PMID: 29105276 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Losses of peripheral muscle mass and ectopic fat accumulation have been associated with cardiometabolic morbidity in COPD. We aimed at identifying the relationship between quadriceps muscle fat infiltration and cardiovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2009 to 2014, 78 COPD patients (64 ± 8 years; 80% male) were prospectively included after having given written consent (ethical committee approval number: 2006-A00491-50). The cohort was divided into three groups (tertiles) according to body mass index (BMI), low [15 < BMI≤23·3], middle [23·3 < BMI≤27·6] and high [27·6 < BMI≤36] kg/m²). Measurements were respiratory function, plasmatic biomarkers and surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk (arterial stiffness and endothelial function). Mid-thigh quadriceps muscle volume and per cent of muscle fat infiltration, as assessed by 64-slice CT scanning, were compared between the tertiles. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses with Bonferroni's correction for the 'post hoc' tests. RESULTS Intramuscular fat volume was 52% [95% CI, 43 to 60%] of total quadriceps volume in high BMI vs. 47% [38 to 55%] and 34% [29 to 38%] in the middle and low-BMI groups, respectively (P<0·0001), without differences between groups in fat-free muscle volumes. Elevated muscle fat infiltration correlated with lower thiol to protein ratios in the whole population reflecting impaired antioxidant capacity (r = 0·50; P = 0·009). Furthermore, muscle fat infiltration was linked to endothelial dysfunction (r = -0·49, P = 0·01) in the low-BMI group. CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle fat infiltration may be an indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk in both obese and lean COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vivodtzev
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - Luc Moncharmont
- Department of Radiology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Christian Borel
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - François Arbib
- Department of Cardiorespiratory Functional Explorations, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Lévy
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, University of Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Gilbert Ferretti
- Department of Radiology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
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Codella R, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. Why should people with type 1 diabetes exercise regularly? Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:615-630. [PMID: 28289908 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-0978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plethoric evidence reminds of the protective effects of exercise against a number of health risks, across all ages, in the general population. The benefits of exercise for individuals with type 2 diabetes are indisputable. An in-depth understanding of energy metabolism has reasonably entailed exercise as a cornerstone in the lifestyle of almost all subjects with type 1 diabetes. Nevertheless, individuals with type 1 diabetes often fail in accomplishing exercise guidelines and they are less active than their peer without diabetes. Two major obstacles are feared by people with type 1 diabetes who wish to exercise regularly: management of blood glucose control and hypoglycemia. Nowadays, strategies, including glucose monitoring technology and insulin pump therapy, have significantly contributed to the participation in regular physical activity, and even in competitive sports, for people with type 1 diabetes. Novel modalities of training, like different intensity, interspersed exercise, are as well promising. The beneficial potential of exercise in type 1 diabetes is multi-faceted, and it has to be fully exploited because it goes beyond the insulin-mimetic action, possibly through immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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12
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Adamo M, Codella R, Casiraghi F, Ferrulli A, Macrì C, Bazzigaluppi E, Terruzzi I, Inverardi L, Ricordi C, Luzi L. Active Subjects With Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes Have Better Metabolic Profiles Than Sedentary Controls. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:23-32. [PMID: 27983910 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x693022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in humans with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and in nonobese diabetic mice have investigated the beneficial immunomodulatory potential of aerobic physical activity. Performing high volume of aerobic exercise may favorably regulate autoimmunity in diabetes. We tested whether increased physical activity is a self-sufficient positive factor in T1D subjects. During a 3-month observational period, active (six males; 40.5 ± 6.1 years; BMI: 24.5 ± 2.1) and sedentary (four males, three females; 35.9 ± 8.9 years; BMI: 25.7 ± 3.8) T1D individuals on insulin pump therapy were studied for metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune parameters. At baseline and at the end of a 3-month period, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), autoantibodies (anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8, anti-IA2, and ICA) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were evaluated. During the third month of the period, physically active T1D patients showed a significant reduction in the average glucose levels (-9%, p = 0.025, by CGM) compared to the first month values, and even their hyperglycemic episodes (>180 mg/dl) diminished significantly (-24.2%, p = 0.032 vs. first month). Moreover, active T1D subjects exhibited an improved body composition with respect to sedentary controls. No significant changes were detected as to the autoimmune and inflammatory profiles. This study confirms the beneficial role of physical exercise associated with insulin pump therapy in order to improve metabolic control in individuals with T1D. These preliminary positive observations need to be challenged in a prolonged interventional follow-up.
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13
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Strøm-Roum EM, Tanbo TG, Eskild A. The associations of maternal body mass index with birthweight and placental weight. Does maternal diabetes matter? A population study of 106 191 pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2016; 95:1162-70. [PMID: 27454190 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to study whether the associations of maternal body mass index with offspring birthweight and placental weight differ by maternal diabetes status. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a population study of 106 191 singleton pregnancies by using data from the years 2009-2012 in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We estimated changes in birthweight and in placental weight (in grams) by maternal body mass index by linear regression analysis. RESULTS In pregnancies of women without diabetes, birthweight increased by 14.7 g (95% confidence interval 14.1-15.2) per unit increase in maternal body mass index, and the increase in placental weight was 4.2 g (95% confidence interval 4.0-4.4). In pregnancies of women with gestational diabetes, the corresponding figures were 11.8 g (95% confidence interval 8.3-15.4) and 2.9 g (95% confidence interval 1.7-4.0). In pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes we found no significant changes in birthweight or in placental weight by maternal body mass index. Overall, mean birthweight was 513.9 g (95% confidence interval 475.6-552.1) higher in pregnancies involving type 1 diabetes than in pregnancies of women without diabetes. Mean placental weight was 102.1 g (95% confidence interval 89.3-114.9) higher. Also, in pregnancies of women with gestational diabetes, both birthweight and placental weight were higher than in women without diabetes (168.2 g and 46.5 g, respectively). Adjustments were made for maternal body mass index and gestational age at birth. CONCLUSIONS Birthweight and placental weight increased with increasing maternal body mass index in pregnancies of women without diabetes and in pregnancies of women with gestational diabetes, but not in pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes. Independent of body mass index, mean birthweight and mean placental weight were highest in pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Strøm-Roum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tom G Tanbo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Eskild
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Dual X-ray absorptiometry body composition and its associated factors in children and adolescence with type 1 diabetes mellitus in South of Iran, a case-control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-016-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Aubrey J, Esfandiari N, Baracos VE, Buteau FA, Frenette J, Putman CT, Mazurak VC. Measurement of skeletal muscle radiation attenuation and basis of its biological variation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:489-97. [PMID: 24393306 PMCID: PMC4309522 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contains intramyocellular lipid droplets within the cytoplasm of myocytes as well as intermuscular adipocytes. These depots exhibit physiological and pathological variation which has been revealed with the advent of diagnostic imaging approaches: magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy and computed tomography (CT). CT uses computer-processed X-rays and is now being applied in muscle physiology research. The purpose of this review is to present CT methodologies and summarize factors that influence muscle radiation attenuation, a parameter which is inversely related to muscle fat content. Pre-defined radiation attenuation ranges are used to demarcate intermuscular adipose tissue [from −190 to −30 Hounsfield units (HU)] and muscle (−29 HU to +150 HU). Within the latter range, the mean muscle radiation attenuation [muscle (radio) density] is reported. Inconsistent criteria for the upper and lower HU cut-offs used to characterize muscle attenuation limit comparisons between investigations. This area of research would benefit from standardized criteria for reporting muscle attenuation. Available evidence suggests that muscle attenuation is plastic with physiological variation induced by the process of ageing, as well as by aerobic training, which probably reflects accumulation of lipids to fuel aerobic work. Pathological variation in muscle attenuation reflects excess fat deposition in the tissue and is observed in people with obesity, diabetes type II, myositis, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis and cancer. A poor prognosis and different types of morbidity are predicted by the presence of reduced mean muscle attenuation values in patients with these conditions; however, the biological features of muscle with these characteristics require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Aubrey
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - N. Esfandiari
- Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - V. E. Baracos
- Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - F. A. Buteau
- Department of Oncology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - J. Frenette
- Département de Réadaptation Faculté de Médecine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec–Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUQ‐CRCHUL) Université Laval Quebec City Quebec City QC Canada
| | - C. T. Putman
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - V. C. Mazurak
- Division of Human Nutrition University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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Lee JJ, Beretvas SN, Freeland-Graves JH. Abdominal adiposity distribution in diabetic/prediabetic and nondiabetic populations: a meta-analysis. J Obes 2014; 2014:697264. [PMID: 25525511 PMCID: PMC4261846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/697264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat in the abdomen can be classified generally as visceral and subcutaneous adiposity. Evidence suggests that visceral adiposity has greater implications for diabetes than other fat depots. The purpose of this study is to explore the disparities in the distribution of abdominal adiposity in diabetic/prediabetic and nondiabetic populations and to identify moderators that influence the pattern of central obesity via a meta-analysis technique. The Hedges' g was used as a measure of effect size and 95% confidence interval was computed. A total of 41 relevant studies with 101 effect sizes were retrieved. Pooled effect sizes for visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were 0.69 and 0.42, respectively. Diabetic/prediabetic populations exhibited greater visceral and subcutaneous adiposity compared to nondiabetic populations (Z = 10.35, P < 0.05). Significant moderator effects of gender (Z = -2.90) and assessment method of abdominal adiposity (Z = -2.17) were found for visceral fat (P < 0.05), but not for subcutaneous fat. Type of health condition influenced both visceral (Z = -5.10) and subcutaneous (Z = -7.09) abdominal adiposity volumes (P < 0.05). Abdominal adiposity distributions were significantly altered in the diabetic/prediabetic population compared to the nondiabetic population. Gender, assessment method of abdominal adiposity, and type of health conditions (diabetic/prediabetics) were identified as crucial moderators that influence the degree of abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J. Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A2703, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - S. Natasha Beretvas
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D5800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A2703, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- *Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves:
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Addison O, Marcus RL, LaStayo PC, Ryan AS. Intermuscular fat: a review of the consequences and causes. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:309570. [PMID: 24527032 PMCID: PMC3910392 DOI: 10.1155/2014/309570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle's structural composition is an important factor underlying muscle strength and physical function in older adults. There is an increasing amount of research to support the clear disassociation between the loss of muscle lean tissue mass and strength with aging. This disassociation implies that factors in addition to lean muscle mass are responsible for the decreases in strength and function seen with aging. Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is a significant predictor of both muscle function and mobility function in older adults and across a wide variety of comorbid conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetes, and COPD. IMAT is also implicated in metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a review of the implications of increased IMAT levels in metabolic, muscle, and mobility function. Potential treatment options to mitigate increasing levels of IMAT will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa Addison
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 North Green Street, BT/18/GRECC, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- *Odessa Addison:
| | - Robin L. Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Paul C. LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Alice S. Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 North Green Street, BT/18/GRECC, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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18
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Zhu A, Cui B, Dang H, Yao D, Yu H, Jia H, Hu Z, Zhang X. Correlation of abdominal fat distribution with different types of diabetes in a Chinese population. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:651462. [PMID: 24350301 PMCID: PMC3856146 DOI: 10.1155/2013/651462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate abdominal fat distribution in Chinese subjects with diabetes and its correlation with different types of diabetes. A total of 176 diabetic subjects were enrolled, 92 with type 1 and 84 with type 2, with a mean age of 27.41 and 49.3 yrs. No subject has history of severe diseases. Multi-slice CT was used to measure total abdominal adipose (TA) and visceral adipose (VA) tissues. Subcutaneous adipose (SA) tissue was obtained by subtracting VA from TA. There were differences between subjects with T1DM and T2DM for TA, VA, SA, VA/SA, body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein, but not total Cholesterol or low density lipoprotein. There were positive correlations between TA, VA, SA, VA/SA and T1DM and T2DM (P < 0.05 and r > 0.86). In subjects with T1DM, VA was negatively correlated with HDL, positively with BMI and age, and SA was positively correlated with BMI and sex (P < 0.05 and r > 0.86 for all). In subjects with T2DM, VA was positively correlated to BMI, TG and age, and SA was positively correlated to TG and sex (P < 0.05 and r > 0.86 for all). Abdominal fat content was positively correlated to diabetes in Chinese, which differs in different types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haodan Dang
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongmin Jia
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijun Hu
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Aerospace Central Hospital, 15 Yu'quan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
- *Xiaojin Zhang:
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19
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Xie LJ, Cheng MH. Body adipose distribution among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012; 6:e263-346. [PMID: 24331587 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are prevalent in adults. The relationship between DM and body adipose tissue (AT) distribution is complex and although it has been investigated extensively, the subject remains controversial. Although a causal association between DM and obesity and AT distribution cannot be established on the basis of existing data, it is possible to conclude from many studies that gene, serum sex steroids level, daily physical activity and food supply can be the risk of obesity and AT redistribution factor among type 2 DM patients (T2DM). Obesity and AT redistribution of T2DM patients can increase the risk of insulin resistant (IR), cardiovascular disease and many other disorders. Even though obesity and AT redistribution screening or prophylactic treatment in all patients with T2DM is not being recommended at present, such patient populations should be given general guidelines regarding exercise, food intake control, and even medicinal treatment. The extent of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions should be based on the individual's risk profile.:
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mu-Hua Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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20
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Assessment of body composition of male patients with type 2 diabetes by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2012; 53:52-7. [PMID: 22359983 DOI: 10.2478/v10153-011-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder and as such should affect the components of body composition of diabetics. The changes it induces in patients complement the anthropological characteristics of this disease. The AIM of the present study was to assess the effect type 2 diabetes has on some of the body composition components in male diabetics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 169 male patients with type 2 diabetes. All patients (ethnical Bulgarian) were allocated into two age groups: group 1--patients aged 40-60 years and group 2--patients aged 61-80 years. Direct measurements of parameters were performed with a Tanita body composition analyser. The bioimpedance parameters we measured were body fat percentage (%BF), total body water percentage (%TBW), muscle mass (MM), bone mass (BM), and visceral fat (VF). The derived parameters were total body fat (TBF) (kg), active body mass (ABM) (kg), active body mass percentage. RESULTS Body composition of male diabetics aged 40-60 years: %BF, VF and TBF were statistically significantly higher in diabetics than in healthy controls. Body composition of male diabetic patients aged 61-80 years: BM and VF were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls. %BF and MM did not have a high statistical significance. Inter-age comparison of body composition in male diabetics: we found that %BF, %TBW, MM and BM tend to be higher in 40-60-year-olds. Visceral fat was increased in the 61-80-year-olds, the difference reaching high statistical significance. CONCLUSION Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) of body composition showed the total body fat in male diabetics of both age groups to be greater than that in controls. TBF was greater in the younger age group at the expense of the subcutaneous fat, while in the more elderly patients it was the visceral fat that was increased, which makes their body composition correlate rather adversely with the prognosis, course and outcome of the disease. The relative percentage of active body mass was greater in the healthy individuals than in diabetic patients. This parameter was higher in the younger age group of diabetic patients than in the more elderly patients; this finding is probably due to the longer duration of the disease and also to aging changes such as osteoporosis, muscle atrophy and decreased quantities of body water.
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21
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Krause MP, Riddell MC, Hawke TJ. Effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle: clinical observations and physiological mechanisms. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:345-64. [PMID: 20860561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Krause
- Dept of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St., W. Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5
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22
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Andreassen CS, Jakobsen J, Ringgaard S, Ejskjaer N, Andersen H. Accelerated atrophy of lower leg and foot muscles--a follow-up study of long-term diabetic polyneuropathy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diabetologia 2009; 52:1182-91. [PMID: 19280173 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to determine the loss of muscle volume in the lower leg and foot in long-term diabetic patients in relation to the presence of neuropathy. METHODS We re-examined 26 type 1 diabetic patients who had participated in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on muscle volume in the lower leg and foot 9 to 12 years earlier. Re-examination involved MRI, isokinetic dynamometry, clinical examination, electrophysiological studies and quantitative sensory examinations. RESULTS Annual loss of muscle volume of ankle dorsal and plantar flexors was 4.5 (5.5-3.9)% (median [range]) and 5.0 (7.0-4.2)% in neuropathic patients, 1.9 (3.2-1.0)% and 1.8 (2.6-1.3)% in non-neuropathic patients, and 1.7 (2.8-0.8)% and 1.8 (2.4-0.8)% in controls, respectively (p < 0.01). Annual change of volume and strength correlated for ankle dorsal flexors (r (s) = 0.73, p < 0.01) and for ankle plantar flexors (r (s) = 0.63, p < 0.05) in diabetic patients. In addition, annual change of muscle volume for dorsal and plantar flexors was related to the combined score of all measures of neuropathy (r (s) = -0.68, p < 0.02 and r (s) = -0.73, p < 0.01, respectively). Foot muscle volume declined annually by 3.0 (3.4-1.0)% in neuropathic patients and by 1.1 (4.0-0.2)% in non-neuropathic patients, both values being significantly different from controls (0.2 [-2.5 to 2.4]%). Loss of foot muscle volume was related to severity of neuropathy assessed at clinical evaluation (r (s) = -0.6, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Muscular atrophy in long-term diabetic neuropathy occurs early in the feet, progresses steadily in the lower legs, relates to severity of neuropathy and leads to weakness at the ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Andreassen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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23
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St-Pierre DH, Cianflone K, Smith J, Coderre L, Karelis AD, Imbeault P, Lavoie JM, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Change in plasma acylation stimulating protein during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a MONET study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 70:539-46. [PMID: 18702682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) has been shown to positively stimulate fatty acid esterification and glucose uptake in adipocytes. In vitro studies demonstrate that insulin stimulates ASP secretion from adipocytes. Individuals with obesity and/or metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes) have increased plasma ASP. DESIGN The present study was designed to evaluate whether ASP levels are influenced by the metabolic profiles of overweight and obese postmenopausal women during a euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC). Patients The study population consisted of 76 overweight and obese sedentary postmenopausal women. MEASUREMENTS We evaluated insulin sensitivity, plasma ASP levels, body composition including visceral adipose tissue area, blood lipid profiles, liver enzymes, peak aerobic capacity, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE). RESULTS We observed wide interindividual variations of ASP levels during the EHC. Therefore, subjects were divided into three groups based on ASP changes. Negative ASP Responders (NAR; n = 24) showed a -20% or greater decrease in ASP levels while Positive ASP Responders (PAR; n = 42) displayed ASP fluctuations superior to +20%. Ten subjects had little or no ASP change and were considered as Zero ASP responders (ZAR). PAR women displayed a worse metabolic profile than NAR women, including higher BMI, visceral adipose tissue, fasting insulin levels, lean body mass, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker of impaired liver function. After adjustment for BMI, only ALT remained significantly different, while lean body mass (P = 0.08) and visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.07) remained marginally higher. Correlation analysis of all subjects demonstrated that fasting ASP levels correlated positively with albumin and VO(2 peak) and this association remained significant after adjustments for the effect of BMI. In addition, the percentage maximal change in ASP levels during the EHC was positively associated with BMI, lean body mass, visceral adipose tissue, fasting insulin, HOMA, TEE, RMR, ALT and AST. CONCLUSION Overall these results suggest that an elevated ASP response during the EHC is associated with metabolic disturbances in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H St-Pierre
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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24
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Miljkovic-Gacic I, Wang X, Kammerer CM, Gordon CL, Bunker CH, Kuller LH, Patrick AL, Wheeler VW, Evans RW, Zmuda JM. Fat infiltration in muscle: new evidence for familial clustering and associations with diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1854-60. [PMID: 18535552 PMCID: PMC2895815 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased fat infiltration in skeletal muscle has been associated with diabetes. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can be used to measure muscle density, which reflects the lipid content of skeletal muscle such that greater fat infiltration in skeletal muscle is associated with lower muscle density. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to fat infiltration in skeletal muscle has not been assessed. Therefore, our aim is to determine genetic and environmental contributions to measures of skeletal muscle composition, and describe their associations with type 2 diabetes in multigenerational families of African ancestry. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Peripheral QCT (pQCT) measures of skeletal muscle density were obtained for the calf in 471 individuals (60% women; mean 43 years) belonging to eight large, multigenerational Afro-Caribbean families (mean family size 51 individuals; 3,535 relative pairs). RESULTS The proportion of variance in muscle density due to additive genetic effects (residual heritability) was 35.0% (P < 0.001) and significant covariates (age, gender, BMI, and parity) explained 55.0% of the total phenotypic variation in muscle density. Muscle density was lower (P < 0.001) in 62 diabetics (69.5 mg/cm(3)) than in 339 nondiabetics (74.3 mg/cm(3)) and remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI (P = 0.005) or age, gender, and waist circumference (P = 0.01). DISCUSSION Our results provide new evidence that ectopic lipid deposition in skeletal muscle is a heritable trait and is associated with diabetes, independent of overall and central obesity in families of African heritage. Genome-wide screens and candidate gene studies are warranted to identify the genetic factors contributing to ectopic deposition of skeletal muscle fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Miljkovic-Gacic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Diabetes and the endocrine pancreas II. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:329-57. [PMID: 17940461 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282c3a898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pozzilli P, Buzzetti R. A new expression of diabetes: double diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2007; 18:52-7. [PMID: 17208448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is on the increase worldwide. The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes has shown a rise, in parallel with a notable increase in the incidence of a new expression of the disease in children and adolescents, with the characteristics of a mixture of the two types of diabetes, and referred to as 'double diabetes'. Insulin resistance and obesity, together with the presence of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity - namely, autoantibodies to islet cell antigens - typically define this condition. However, recognition of double diabetes can pose problems. In most cases, a reduction in the 'autoimmune load' and an increase in the 'metabolic load' are helpful for attaining a correct diagnosis in a diabetic child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via E Longoni 83, 00155 Rome, Italy.
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