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Méndez-Flores OG, Hernández-Kelly LC, Olivares-Bañuelos TN, López-Ramírez G, Ortega A. Brain energetics and glucose transport in metabolic diseases: role in neurodegeneration. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:1199-1210. [PMID: 38294500 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2306427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurons and glial cells are the main functional and structural elements of the brain, and the former depends on the latter for their nutritional, functional and structural organization, as well as for their energy maintenance. METHODS Glucose is the main metabolic source that fulfills energetic demands, either by direct anaplerosis or through its conversion to metabolic intermediates. Development of some neurodegenerative diseases have been related with modifications in the expression and/or function of glial glucose transporters, which might cause physiological and/or pathological disturbances of brain metabolism. In the present contribution, we summarized the experimental findings that describe the exquisite adjustment in expression and function of glial glucose transporters from physiologic to pathologic metabolism, and its relevance to neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS A exhaustive literature review was done in order to gain insight into the role of brain energetics in neurodegenerative disease. This study made evident a critical involvement of glucose transporters and thus brain energetics in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. DISCUSSION An exquisite adjustment in the expression and function of glial glucose transporters from physiologic to pathologic metabolism is a biochemical signature of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orquídea G Méndez-Flores
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, México
| | - Luisa C Hernández-Kelly
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Gabriel López-Ramírez
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, México
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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Ho MH, Tsai YJ, Chen CY, Yang A, Burnouf T, Wang Y, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ, Chou SY. CCL5 is essential for axonogenesis and neuronal restoration after brain injury. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:91. [PMID: 39285280 PMCID: PMC11406852 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes axon tearing and synapse degradation, resulting in multiple neurological dysfunctions and exacerbation of early neurodegeneration; the repair of axonal and synaptic structures is critical for restoring neuronal function. C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) shows many neuroprotective activities. METHOD A close-head weight-drop system was used to induce mild brain trauma in C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT) and CCL5 knockout (CCL5-KO) mice. The mNSS score, rotarod, beam walking, and sticker removal tests were used to assay neurological function after mTBI in different groups of mice. The restoration of motor and sensory functions was impaired in CCL5-KO mice after one month of injury, with swelling of axons and synapses from Golgi staining and reduced synaptic proteins-synaptophysin and PSD95. Administration of recombinant CCL5 (Pre-treatment: 300 pg/g once before injury; or post-treatment: 30 pg/g every 2 days, since 3 days after injury for 1 month) through intranasal delivery into mouse brain improved the motor and sensory neurological dysfunctions in CCL5-KO TBI mice. RESULTS Proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS identified that the "Nervous system development and function"-related proteins, including axonogenesis, synaptogenesis, and myelination signaling pathways, were reduced in injured cortex of CCL5-KO mice; both pre-treatment and post-treatment with CCL5 augmented those pathways. Immunostaining and western blot analysis confirmed axonogenesis and synaptogenesis related Semaphorin, Ephrin, p70S6/mTOR signaling, and myelination-related Neuregulin/ErbB and FGF/FAK signaling pathways were up-regulated in the cortical tissue by CCL5 after brain injury. We also noticed cortex redevelopment after long-term administration of CCL5 after brain injury with increased Reelin positive Cajal-Rerzius Cells and CXCR4 expression. CCL5 enhanced the growth of cone filopodia in a primary neuron culture system; blocking CCL5's receptor CCR5 by Maraviroc reduced the intensity of filopodia in growth cone and also CCL5 mediated mTOR and Rho signalling activation. Inhibiting mTOR and Rho signaling abolished CCL5 induced growth cone formation. CONCLUSIONS CCL5 plays a critical role in starting the intrinsic neuronal regeneration system following TBI, which includes growth cone formation, axonogenesis and synaptogensis, remyelination, and the subsequent proper wiring of cortical circuits. Our study underscores the potential of CCL5 as a robust therapeutic stratagem in treating axonal injury and degeneration during the chronic phase after mild brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hau Ho
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jeng Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 11160, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24352, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Anastasia Yang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, LA, 94720, USA
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Zhunan, 350401, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Scientist Emeritus, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Szu-Yi Chou
- Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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Barros LF, Schirmeier S, Weber B. The Astrocyte: Metabolic Hub of the Brain. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041355. [PMID: 38438188 PMCID: PMC11368191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytic metabolism has taken center stage. Interposed between the neuron and the vasculature, astrocytes exert control over the fluxes of energy and building blocks required for neuronal activity and plasticity. They are also key to local detoxification and waste recycling. Whereas neurons are metabolically rigid, astrocytes can switch between different metabolic profiles according to local demand and the nutritional state of the organism. Their metabolic state even seems to be instructive for peripheral nutrient mobilization and has been implicated in information processing and behavior. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of astrocytic metabolism and its effects on metabolic homeostasis and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Felipe Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia 5110465, Chile
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Valdivia 5110693, Chile
| | - Stefanie Schirmeier
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Biology, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bruno Weber
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hu Y, Zou H, Zhong Z, Li Q, Zeng Q, Ouyang Q, Zou X, Wang M, Luo Y, Yao D. The Role of Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Neuropathic Orofacial Pain. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 39209792 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of astrocytic energy metabolism alleviates neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVES To explore whether astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) played any role in neuropathic orofacial pain. METHODS Rats with partial transection of the right infraorbital nerve (p-IONX) or sham operation were intrathecally injected with acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), bithionol (a soluble adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid [α-CHCA, a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor] or vehicle once a day from postoperative day 1-14. The facial mechanical thresholds were tested on preoperative day 1 and 2 and postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14, expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and MCTs in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) were examined on the postoperative day 3 and neuronal activities in the Vc were examined in the p-IONX rats on postoperative days 3-5. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, the mechanical thresholds in the p-IONX group were significantly reduced at postoperative days 1-7, and the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 was significantly increased on postoperative day 3. In the p-IONX groups, neurons in the Vc were sensitised, and acetazolamide, bithionol and α-CHCA reversed the central sensitisation, significantly increased the mechanical thresholds at postoperative days 1-7 and decreased the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 at postoperative day 3 compared with those in the vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ANLS alleviates p-IONX-related neuronal, behavioural and immunohistochemical changes, which suggests that ANLS plays an important role in trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Hu
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Li
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinghong Zeng
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xueliang Zou
- Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaxing Luo
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyuan Yao
- Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province and Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University at Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Li S, Wang J, Andersen JV, Aldana BI, Zhang B, Prochownik EV, Rosenberg PA. Misprogramming of glucose metabolism impairs recovery of hippocampal slices from neuronal GLT-1 knockout mice and contributes to excitotoxic injury through mitochondrial superoxide production. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39193789 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
We have previously reported a failure of recovery of synaptic function in the CA1 region of acute hippocampal slices from mice with a conditional neuronal knockout (KO) of GLT-1 (EAAT2, Slc1A2) driven by synapsin-Cre (synGLT-1 KO). The failure of recovery of synaptic function is due to excitotoxic injury. We hypothesized that changes in mitochondrial metabolism contribute to the heightened vulnerability to excitotoxicity in the synGLT-1 KO mice. We found impaired flux of carbon from 13C-glucose into the tricarboxylic acid cycle in synGLT-1 KO cortical and hippocampal slices compared with wild-type (WT) slices. In addition, we found downregulation of the neuronal glucose transporter GLUT3 in both genotypes. Flux of carbon from [1,2-13C]acetate, thought to be astrocyte-specific, was increased in the synGLT-KO hippocampal slices but not cortical slices. Glycogen stores, predominantly localized to astrocytes, are rapidly depleted in slices after cutting, and are replenished during ex vivo incubation. In the synGLT-1 KO, replenishment of glycogen stores during ex vivo incubation was compromised. These results suggest both neuronal and astrocytic metabolic perturbations in the synGLT-1 KO slices. Supplementing incubation medium during recovery with 20 mM D-glucose normalized glycogen replenishment but had no effect on recovery of synaptic function. In contrast, 20 mM non-metabolizable L-glucose substantially improved recovery of synaptic function, suggesting that D-glucose metabolism contributes to the excitotoxic injury in the synGLT-1 KO slices. L-lactate substitution for D-glucose did not promote recovery of synaptic function, implicating mitochondrial metabolism. Consistent with this hypothesis, phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which decreases enzyme activity, was increased in WT slices during the recovery period, but not in synGLT-1 KO slices. Since metabolism of glucose by the mitochondrial electron transport chain is associated with superoxide production, we tested the effect of drugs that scavenge and prevent superoxide production. The superoxide dismutase/catalase mimic EUK-134 conferred complete protection and full recovery of synaptic function. A site-specific inhibitor of complex III superoxide production, S3QEL-2, was also protective, but inhibitors of NADPH oxidase were not. In summary, we find that the failure of recovery of synaptic function in hippocampal slices from the synGLT-1 KO mouse, previously shown to be due to excitotoxic injury, is caused by production of superoxide by mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Daraban BS, Popa AS, Stan MS. Latest Perspectives on Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier and Antioxidant-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Molecules 2024; 29:4056. [PMID: 39274904 PMCID: PMC11397357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest recently in exploring the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss that affects millions of people worldwide. Research has shown that the BBB plays a crucial role in regulating the entry of therapeutics into the brain. Also, the potential benefits of using antioxidant molecules for drug delivery were highlighted in Alzheimer's treatment to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce oxidative stress in affected patients. Antioxidant-based nanomedicine shows promise for treating AD by effectively crossing the BBB and targeting neuroinflammation, potentially slowing disease progression and improving cognitive function. Therefore, new drug delivery systems are being developed to overcome the BBB and improve the delivery of therapeutics to the brain, ultimately improving treatment outcomes for AD patients. In this context, the present review provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in AD treatment strategies, such as silica nanoparticles loaded with curcumin, selenium nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol, and many others, focusing on the critical role of the BBB and the use of antioxidant-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Sânziana Daraban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Sabin Popa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna S Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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Affuso F, Micillo F, Fazio S. Insulin Resistance, a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Pathological Mechanisms and a New Proposal for a Preventive Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1888. [PMID: 39200352 PMCID: PMC11351221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) is a well-documented, independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and cellular senescence. Recently, the brain has also been identified as an insulin-responsive region, where insulin acts as regulator of the brain metabolism. Despite the clear link between IR and the brain, the exact mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Therapeutic intervention in patients showing symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases has produced little or no results. It has been demonstrated that insulin resistance plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly cognitive decline. Peripheral and brain IR may represent a modifiable state that could be used to prevent major brain disorders. In this review, we will analyse the scientific literature supporting IR as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and suggest some therapeutic strategies to provide a new proposal for the prevention of brain IR and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Affuso
- Independent Researcher, Viale Raffaello, 74, 80129 Napoli, Italy
| | - Filomena Micillo
- UOC of Geriatric Medicine AORN S.G. Moscati, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Serafino Fazio
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy;
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Zhang R, Liu G, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen G, Liu B, Ling Y, Wang Y, Li S. Safety and efficacy of GD-11 in patients with ischaemic stroke: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2024-003338. [PMID: 39107097 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2024-003338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GD-11, a novel brain cytoprotective drug, was designed to be actively taken up and transported across the blood-brain barrier via the glucose transporter. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GD-11 for improving the recovery of patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 15 clinical sites in China. Patients aged 18-80 years with AIS within 48 hours were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive 160 mg GD-11, 80 mg GD-11 and placebo, two times a day for 10 days. The primary endpoint was a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at 90 days after treatment. The safety outcome was any adverse events within 90 days. RESULTS From 17 November 2022 to 22 March 2023, a total of 80 patients in the 160 mg GD-11 group, 79 patients in the 80 mg GD-11 group and 80 patients in the placebo group were included. The proportion of an mRS score of 0-1 at day 90 was 77.5% in the 160 mg GD-11 group, 72.2% in the 80 mg GD-11 group and 67.5% in the placebo group. Though no significant difference was found (p=0.3671), a numerically higher proportion was observed in the GD-11 group, especially in the 160 mg GD-11 group. The incidence of adverse events was similar across the three groups (p=0.1992). CONCLUSION GD-11 was safe and well-tolerated. A dosage of GD-11 160 mg two times a day was recommended for a large trial to investigate the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bo Liu
- Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Nanshi Hospital of Nangyang, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuya Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhao G, Gu Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Xia X. The clinical value of inflammation index in predicting ICU mortality of critically ill patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1373585. [PMID: 39157528 PMCID: PMC11327062 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1373585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The inflammatory response holds paramount significance in the context of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and exhibits a robust correlation with mortality rates. Biological markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) play crucial roles in influencing the systemic inflammatory response following ICH. This study aims to compare the predictive efficacy of NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, and SIRI concerning the risk of mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) among critically ill patients with ICH. Such a comparison seeks to elucidate their early warning capabilities in the management and treatment of ICH. Methods Patients with severe ICH requiring admission to the ICU were screened from the Medical Information Marketplace for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database. The outcomes studied included ICU mortality and 30 day ICU hospitalization rates, based on tertiles of the NLR index level. To explore the relationship between the NLR index and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with ICH, we utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 869 patients (51.9% male) were included in the study, with an ICU mortality rate of 22.9% and a 30 day ICU hospitalization rate of 98.4%. Among the five indicators examined, both the ROC curve and DCA indicated that NLR (AUC: 0.660, 95%CI: 0.617-0.703) had the highest predictive ability for ICU mortality. Moreover, this association remained significant even after adjusting for other confounding factors during multivariate analysis (HR: 3.520, 95%CI: 2.039-6.077). Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, incorporating age, albumin, lactic acid, NLR, and GCS score as variables, we developed a nomogram to predict ICU mortality in critically ill patients with ICH. Conclusion NLR emerges as the most effective predictor of ICU mortality risk among critically ill patients grappling with ICH when compared to the other four indicators. Furthermore, the integration of albumin and lactic acid indicators into the NLR nomogram enhances the ability to promptly identify ICU mortality in individuals facing severe ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiaohua Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
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Leclerc M, Tremblay C, Bourassa P, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Calon F. Lower GLUT1 and unchanged MCT1 in Alzheimer's disease cerebrovasculature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:1417-1432. [PMID: 38441044 PMCID: PMC11342728 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241237484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The brain is a highly demanding organ, utilizing mainly glucose but also ketone bodies as sources of energy. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and monocarboxylates transporter-1 (MCT1) respectively transport glucose and ketone bodies across the blood-brain barrier. While reduced glucose uptake by the brain is one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD), no change in the uptake of ketone bodies has been evidenced yet. To probe for changes in GLUT1 and MCT1, we performed Western immunoblotting in microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders Study. Participants clinically diagnosed with AD had lower cerebrovascular levels of GLUT1, whereas MCT1 remained unchanged. GLUT1 reduction was associated with lower cognitive scores. No such association was found for MCT1. GLUT1 was inversely correlated with neuritic plaques and cerebrovascular β-secretase-derived fragment levels. No other significant associations were found between both transporters, markers of Aβ and tau pathologies, sex, age at death or apolipoprotein-ε4 genotype. These results suggest that, while a deficit of GLUT1 may underlie the reduced transport of glucose to the brain in AD, no such impairment occurs for MCT1. This study thus supports the exploration of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source for the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Leclerc
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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11
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Xu W, Borges K. Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Epilepsia 2024; 65:2213-2226. [PMID: 38767952 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), glucose transport into brain is reduced due to impaired Glut1 function in endothelial cells at the blood-brain barrier. This can lead to shortages of glucose in brain and is thought to contribute to seizures. Ketogenic diets are the first-line treatment and, among many beneficial effects, provide auxiliary fuel in the form of ketone bodies that are largely metabolized by neurons. However, Glut1 is also the main glucose transporter in astrocytes. Here, we review data indicating that glucose shortage may also impact astrocytes in addition to neurons and discuss the expected negative biochemical consequences of compromised astrocytic glucose transport for neurons. Based on these effects, auxiliary fuels are needed for both cell types and adding medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) to ketogenic diets is a biochemically superior treatment for Glut1DS compared to classical ketogenic diets. MCTs provide medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are largely metabolized by astrocytes and not neurons. MCFAs supply energy and contribute carbons for glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis, and decanoic acid can also block α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors. MCTs do not compete with metabolism of ketone bodies mostly occurring in neurons. Triheptanoin, an anaplerotic but also gluconeogenic uneven MCT, may be another potential addition to ketogenic diets, although maintenance of "ketosis" can be difficult. Gene therapy has also targeted both endothelial cells and astrocytes. Other approaches to increase fuel delivery to the brain currently investigated include exchange of Glut1DS erythrocytes with healthy cells, infusion of lactate, and pharmacological improvement of glucose transport. In conclusion, although it remains difficult to assess impaired astrocytic energy metabolism in vivo, astrocytic energy needs are most likely not met by ketogenic diets in Glut1DS. Thus, we propose prospective studies including monitoring of blood MCFA levels to find optimal doses for add-on MCT to ketogenic diets and assessing of short- and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Bian X, Li M, Lou S. Resistance training boosts lactate transporters and synaptic proteins in insulin-resistance mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34425. [PMID: 39082040 PMCID: PMC11284409 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This investigation delineates the influence of resistance training on the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampi of insulin-resistant mice and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were stratified into a control group and a high-fat diet group to induce insulin resistance over a 12-week period. Subsequently, the mice were further divided into sedentary and resistance training cohorts, with the latter engaging in a 12-week ladder-climbing regimen. Post-intervention, blood, and hippocampal specimens were harvested for analytical evaluation. Results In the insulin-resistant mice, elevated blood lactate levels were observed alongside diminished expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In contrast, the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 E-binding protein 2 was significantly augmented. Resistance training mitigated insulin resistance, decreased blood lactate levels, and enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR, regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, MCTs, and synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Conclusions Resistance training mitigates insulin resistance and improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity by normalizing blood lactate levels and enhancing mTOR, MCTs, and synaptic plasticity-related proteins. It may also activate mTORC1 via the PI3K/Akt pathway, promote lactate utilization, and enhance synaptic plasticity proteins, potentially alleviating peripheral insulin resistance. Further research is needed to confirm these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Bian
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of International Medical Technology, Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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13
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Leitner D, Kavanagh T, Kanshin E, Balcomb K, Pires G, Thierry M, Suazo JI, Schneider J, Ueberheide B, Drummond E, Wisniewski T. Differences in the cerebral amyloid angiopathy proteome in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:9. [PMID: 39039355 PMCID: PMC11263258 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in cerebrovasculature. It is prevalent with aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, and contributes to cognitive deficits. To better understand molecular mechanisms, CAA(+) and CAA(-) vessels were microdissected from paraffin-embedded autopsy temporal cortex of age-matched Control (n = 10), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 4), and sporadic AD (n = 6) cases, followed by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. 257 proteins were differentially abundant in CAA(+) vessels compared to neighboring CAA(-) vessels in MCI, and 289 in AD (p < 0.05, fold-change > 1.5). 84 proteins changed in the same direction in both groups, and many changed in the same direction among proteins significant in at least one group (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.62). In CAA(+) vessels, proteins significantly increased in both AD and MCI were particularly associated with collagen-containing extracellular matrix, while proteins associated with ribonucleoprotein complex were significantly decreased in both AD and MCI. In neighboring CAA(-) vessels, 61 proteins were differentially abundant in MCI, and 112 in AD when compared to Control cases. Increased proteins in CAA(-) vessels were associated with extracellular matrix, external encapsulating structure, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix in MCI; collagen trimer in AD. Twenty two proteins were increased in CAA(-) vessels of both AD and MCI. Comparison of the CAA proteome with published amyloid-plaque proteomic datasets identified many proteins similarly enriched in CAA and plaques, as well as a protein subset hypothesized as preferentially enriched in CAA when compared to plaques. SEMA3G emerged as a CAA specific marker, validated immunohistochemically and with correlation to pathology levels (p < 0.0001; R2 = 0.90). Overall, the CAA(-) vessel proteomes indicated changes in vessel integrity in AD and MCI in the absence of Aβ, and the CAA(+) vessel proteome was similar in MCI and AD, which was associated with vascular matrix reorganization, protein translation deficits, and blood brain barrier breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Leitner
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tomas Kavanagh
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Evgeny Kanshin
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kaleah Balcomb
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pires
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Manon Thierry
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jianina I Suazo
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Julie Schneider
- Department Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eleanor Drummond
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Daida T, Shin BC, Cepeda C, Devaskar SU. Neurodevelopment Is Dependent on Maternal Diet: Placenta and Brain Glucose Transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3. Nutrients 2024; 16:2363. [PMID: 39064806 PMCID: PMC11279700 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the primary energy source for most mammalian cells and its transport is affected by a family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) encoded by the SLC2 gene. GLUT1 and GLUT3, highly expressed isoforms in the blood-brain barrier and neuronal membranes, respectively, are associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, dyslexia, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dietary therapies, such as the ketogenic diet, are widely accepted treatments for patients with the GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, while ameliorating certain symptoms associated with GLUT3 deficiency in animal models. A ketogenic diet, high-fat diet, and calorie/energy restriction during prenatal and postnatal stages can also alter the placental and brain GLUTs expression with long-term consequences on neurobehavior. This review focuses primarily on the role of diet/energy perturbations upon GLUT isoform-mediated emergence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Daida
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center, at the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.D.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center, at the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.D.); (B.-C.S.)
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sherin U. Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and Neonatal Research Center, at the UCLA Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (T.D.); (B.-C.S.)
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15
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Helgudóttir SS, Johnsen KB, Routhe LG, Rasmussen CLM, Thomsen MS, Moos T. Upregulation of Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1) but Not Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) or CD98hc at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Response to Valproic Acid. Cells 2024; 13:1181. [PMID: 39056763 PMCID: PMC11275047 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and CD98hc are candidates for targeted therapy at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our objective was to challenge the expression of TfR1, GLUT1, and CD98hc in brain capillaries using the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA). METHODS Primary mouse brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) and brain capillaries isolated from mice injected intraperitoneally with VPA were examined using RT-qPCR and ELISA. Targeting to the BBB was performed by injecting monoclonal anti-TfR1 (Ri7217)-conjugated gold nanoparticles measured using ICP-MS. RESULTS In BCECs co-cultured with glial cells, Tfrc mRNA expression was significantly higher after 6 h VPA, returning to baseline after 24 h. In vivo Glut1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in males, but not females, receiving VPA, whereas Cd98hc mRNA expression was unaffected by VPA. TfR1 increased significantly in vivo after VPA, whereas GLUT1 and CD98hc were unchanged. The uptake of anti-TfR1-conjugated nanoparticles was unaltered by VPA despite upregulated TfR expression. CONCLUSIONS VPA upregulates TfR1 in brain endothelium in vivo and in vitro. VPA does not increase GLUT1 and CD98hc proteins. The increase in TfR1 does not result in higher anti-TfR1 antibody targetability, suggesting targeting sufficiently occurs with available transferrin receptors without further contribution from accessory VPA-induced TfR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Sara Helgudóttir
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisa Greve Routhe
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | | | - Maj Schneider Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
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16
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Lagacé M, Tam EWY. Neonatal dysglycemia: a review of dysglycemia in relation to brain health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03411-0. [PMID: 38972961 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal dysglycemia has been a longstanding interest of research in neonatology. Adverse outcomes from hypoglycemia were recognized early but are still being characterized. Premature infants additionally introduced and led the reflection on the importance of neonatal hyperglycemia. Cohorts of infants following neonatal encephalopathy provided further information about the impacts of hypoglycemia and, more recently, highlighted hyperglycemia as a central concern for this population. Innovative studies exposed the challenges of management of neonatal glycemic levels with a "u-shape" relationship between dysglycemia and adverse neurological outcomes. Lately, glycemic lability has been recognized as a key factor in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Research and new technologies, such as MRI and continuous glucose monitoring, offered novel insight into neonatal dysglycemia. Combining clinical, physiological, and epidemiological data allowed the foundation of safe operational definitions, including initiation of treatment, to delineate neonatal hypoglycemia as ≤47 mg/dL, and >150-180 mg/dL for neonatal hyperglycemia. However, questions remain about the appropriate management of neonatal dysglycemia to optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes. Research collaborations and clinical trials with long-term follow-up and advanced use of evolving technologies will be necessary to continue to progress the fascinating world of neonatal dysglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes. IMPACT STATEMENT: Safe operational definitions guide the initiation of treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Innovative studies exposed the challenges of neonatal glycemia management with a "u-shaped" relationship between dysglycemia and adverse neurological outcomes. The importance of glycemic lability is also being recognized. However, questions remain about the optimal management of neonatal dysglycemia to optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes. Research collaborations and clinical trials with long-term follow-up and advanced use of evolving technologies will be necessary to progress the fascinating world of neonatal dysglycemia and neurodevelopment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Lagacé
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinician Investigator Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily W Y Tam
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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Zhang Y, Tong L, Ma L, Ye H, Zeng S, Zhang S, Ding Y, Wang W, Bao T. Progress in The Research of Lactate Metabolism Disruption And Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle Impairment in Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300409. [PMID: 38596839 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder widely recognized for its impaired bioenergy utilization. The astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) plays a critical role in brain energy supply. Recent studies have revealed abnormal lactate metabolism in SCZ, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, tissue hypoxia, gastric acid retention, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, abnormal brain iron metabolism, cerebral white matter hypermetabolic activity, and genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, astrocytes, neurons, and glutamate abnormalities are prevalent in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism, which are essential components for maintaining ANLS in the brain. Therefore, an in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ANLS in SCZ with abnormal lactate metabolism will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCZ and provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Liang Tong
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Li Ma
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ye
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shue Zeng
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Shaochuan Zhang
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Mental Health Centre of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650225, P. R. China
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18
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Vizuete AFK, Fróes F, Seady M, Hansen F, Ligabue-Braun R, Gonçalves CA, Souza DO. A Mechanism of Action of Metformin in the Brain: Prevention of Methylglyoxal-Induced Glutamatergic Impairment in Acute Hippocampal Slices. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3223-3239. [PMID: 37980327 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide compound (N-1,1-dimethylbiguanide), is widely prescribed for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D) treatment. It also presents a plethora of properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-AGE formation activity. However, the precise mechanism of action of metformin in the central nervous system (CNS) needs to be clarified. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective role of metformin in acute hippocampal slices exposed to methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound and a key molecule in T2D developmental pathophysiology. Metformin protected acute hippocampal slices from MG-induced glutamatergic neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation by reducing IL-1β synthesis and secretion and RAGE protein expression. The drug also improved astrocyte function, particularly with regard to the glutamatergic system, increasing glutamate uptake. Moreover, we observed a direct effect of metformin on glutamate transporters, where the compound prevented glycation, by facilitating enzymatic phosphorylation close to Lys residues, suggesting a new neuroprotective role of metformin via PKC ζ in preventing dysfunction in glutamatergic system induced by MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Fróes
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Seady
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Avenida Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, 90050-130, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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19
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Kann O. Lactate as a supplemental fuel for synaptic transmission and neuronal network oscillations: Potentials and limitations. J Neurochem 2024; 168:608-631. [PMID: 37309602 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application. Collectively, these studies suggest that lactate in the absence of glucose (lactate only) impairs gamma (30-70 Hz) and theta-gamma oscillations, which feature high energy demand revealed by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2, set to 100%). The impairment comprises oscillation attenuation or moderate neural bursts (excitation-inhibition imbalance). The bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in energy substrate supply. By contrast, lactate can retain certain electric stimulus-induced neural population responses and intermittent sharp wave-ripple activity that features lower energy expenditure (CMRO2 of about 65%). Lactate utilization increases the oxygen consumption by about 9% during sharp wave-ripples reflecting enhanced adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, lactate attenuates neurotransmission in glutamatergic pyramidal cells and fast-spiking, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons by reducing neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. By contrast, the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axon is regular. In conclusion, lactate is less effective than glucose and potentially detrimental during neural network rhythms featuring high energetic costs, likely through the lack of some obligatory ATP synthesis by aerobic glycolysis at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. High lactate/glucose ratios might contribute to central fatigue, cognitive impairment, and epileptic seizures partially seen, for instance, during exhaustive physical exercise, hypoglycemia and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Peng Q, Zeng W. The protective role of endothelial GLUT1 in ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3536. [PMID: 38747733 PMCID: PMC11095318 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide thorough insight on the protective role of endothelial glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in ischemic stroke. METHODS We comprehensively review the role of endothelial GLUT1 in ischemic stroke by narrating the findings concerning biological characteristics of GLUT1 in brain in depth, summarizing the changes of endothelial GLUT1 expression and activity during ischemic stroke, discussing how GLUT1 achieves its neuroprotective effect via maintaining endothelial function, and identifying some outstanding blind spots in current studies. RESULTS Endothelial GLUT1 maintains persistent high glucose and energy requirements of the brain by transporting glucose through the blood-brain barrier, which preserves endothelial function and is beneficial to stroke prognosis. CONCLUSION This review underscores the potential involvement of GLUT1 trafficking, activity modulation, and degradation, and we look forward to more clinical and animal studies to illuminate these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)Ministry of EducationWuhanChina
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Department of NeurologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanChina
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21
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DiNuzzo M, Dienel GA, Behar KL, Petroff OA, Benveniste H, Hyder F, Giove F, Michaeli S, Mangia S, Herculano-Houzel S, Rothman DL. Neurovascular coupling is optimized to compensate for the increase in proton production from nonoxidative glycolysis and glycogenolysis during brain activation and maintain homeostasis of pH, pCO 2, and pO 2. J Neurochem 2024; 168:632-662. [PMID: 37150946 PMCID: PMC10628336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
During transient brain activation cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases substantially more than cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) resulting in blood hyperoxygenation, the basis of BOLD-fMRI contrast. Explanations for the high CBF versus CMRO2 slope, termed neurovascular coupling (NVC) constant, focused on maintenance of tissue oxygenation to support mitochondrial ATP production. However, paradoxically the brain has a 3-fold lower oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) than other organs with high energy requirements, like heart and muscle during exercise. Here, we hypothesize that the NVC constant and the capillary oxygen mass transfer coefficient (which in combination determine OEF) are co-regulated during activation to maintain simultaneous homeostasis of pH and partial pressure of CO2 and O2 (pCO2 and pO2). To test our hypothesis, we developed an arteriovenous flux balance model for calculating blood and brain pH, pCO2, and pO2 as a function of baseline OEF (OEF0), CBF, CMRO2, and proton production by nonoxidative metabolism coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Our model was validated against published brain arteriovenous difference studies and then used to calculate pH, pCO2, and pO2 in activated human cortex from published calibrated fMRI and PET measurements. In agreement with our hypothesis, calculated pH, pCO2, and pO2 remained close to constant independently of CMRO2 in correspondence to experimental measurements of NVC and OEF0. We also found that the optimum values of the NVC constant and OEF0 that ensure simultaneous homeostasis of pH, pCO2, and pO2 were remarkably similar to their experimental values. Thus, the high NVC constant is overall determined by proton removal by CBF due to increases in nonoxidative glycolysis and glycogenolysis. These findings resolve the paradox of the brain's high CBF yet low OEF during activation, and may contribute to explaining the vulnerability of brain function to reductions in blood flow and capillary density with aging and neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205 USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131 USA
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511 USA
| | - Ognen A Petroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511 USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
- Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
| | - Federico Giove
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, RM, 00184 Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, RM, 00179 Italy
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Suzana Herculano-Houzel
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
- Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
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22
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Trefz F, Frauendienst-Egger G, Dienel G, Cannet C, Schmidt-Mader B, Haas D, Blau N, Himmelreich N, Spraul M, Freisinger P, Dobrowolski S, Berg D, Pilotto A. Does hyperphenylalaninemia induce brain glucose hypometabolism? Cerebral spinal fluid findings in treated adult phenylketonuric patients. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108464. [PMID: 38537426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies in human patients and animal models for phenylketonuria (PKU; OMIM#261600), the pathophysiology of PKU and the underlying causes of brain dysfunction and cognitive problems in PKU patients are not well understood. In this study, lumbar cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was obtained immediately after blood sampling from early-treated adult PKU patients who had fasted overnight. Metabolite and amino acid concentrations in the CSF of PKU patients were compared with those of non-PKU controls. The CSF concentrations and CSF/plasma ratios for glucose and lactate were found to be below normal, similar to what has been reported for glucose transporter1 (GLUT1) deficiency patients who exhibit many of the same clinical symptoms as untreated PKU patients. CSF glucose and lactate levels were negatively correlated with CSF phenylalanine (Phe), while CSF glutamine and glutamate levels were positively correlated with CSF Phe levels. Plasma glucose levels were negatively correlated with plasma Phe concentrations in PKU subjects, which partly explains the reduced CSF glucose concentrations. Although brain glucose concentrations are unlikely to be low enough to impair brain glucose utilization, it is possible that the metabolism of Phe in the brain to produce phenyllactate, which can be transported across the blood-brain barrier to the blood, may consume glucose and/or lactate to generate the carbon backbone for glutamate. This glutamate is then converted to glutamine and carries the Phe-derived ammonia from the brain to the blood. While this mechanism remains to be tested, it may explain the correlations of CSF glutamine, glucose, and lactate concentrations with CSF Phe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Trefz
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Brigitte Schmidt-Mader
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Haas
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Freisinger
- Klinikum Reutlingen, Department of Pediatrics, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Steven Dobrowolski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Ribarič S. The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson's Disease Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4358. [PMID: 38673943 PMCID: PMC11050090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have a significant health impact on a global scale. Epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research underpins the assumption that insulin resistance and chronic inflammation contribute to the overlapping aetiologies of T2D and PD. This narrative review summarises the recent evidence on the contribution of T2D to the initiation and progression of PD brain pathology. It also briefly discusses the rationale and potential of alternative pharmacological interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Rahman MS, Islam R, Bhuiyan MIH. Ion transporter cascade, reactive astrogliosis and cerebrovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374408. [PMID: 38659577 PMCID: PMC11041382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases and their sequalae, such as ischemic stroke, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and vascular dementia are significant contributors to adult disability and cognitive impairment in the modern world. Astrocytes are an integral part of the neurovascular unit in the CNS and play a pivotal role in CNS homeostasis, including ionic and pH balance, neurotransmission, cerebral blood flow, and metabolism. Astrocytes respond to cerebral insults, inflammation, and diseases through unique molecular, morphological, and functional changes, collectively known as reactive astrogliosis. The function of reactive astrocytes has been a subject of debate. Initially, astrocytes were thought to primarily play a supportive role in maintaining the structure and function of the nervous system. However, recent studies suggest that reactive astrocytes may have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, reactive astrocytes can cause oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. In this review, we will summarize the (1) roles of ion transporter cascade in reactive astrogliosis, (2) role of reactive astrocytes in vascular dementia and related dementias, and (3) potential therapeutic approaches for dementing disorders targeting reactive astrocytes. Understanding the relationship between ion transporter cascade, reactive astrogliosis, and cerebrovascular diseases may reveal mechanisms and targets for the development of therapies for brain diseases associated with reactive astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | | | - Mohammad Iqbal H. Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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25
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Wen Q, Wang H, Haacke EM, Jiang Q, Hu J. Contribution of Direct Cerebral Vascular Transport in Brain Substance Clearance. Aging Dis 2024; 15:584-600. [PMID: 37611901 PMCID: PMC10917538 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of harmful substances has long been recognized as a likely cause of many neurodegenerative diseases. The two classic brain clearance pathways are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and vascular circulation systems. Since the discovery of the glymphatic system, research on the CSF pathway has gained momentum, and impaired CSF clearance has been implicated in virtually all neurodegenerative animal models. However, the contribution of the direct participation of vascular transport across the blood-brain barrier in clearing substances is often ignored in glymphatic papers. Supportive evidence for the direct involvement of parenchymal vasculature in substance clearance is accumulated. First, multiple mechanisms have been proposed for the vascular drainage of exogenous and endogenous substances across the blood-brain barriers. Second, the "traditional" role of arachnoid villi and granulations as the main site for CSF draining into the vasculature system has been questioned. Third, MRI studies using different CSF tracers indicate that parenchymal vasculature directly participates in tracer efflux, consistent with immunohistochemical findings. Here we will review evidence in the literature that supports the direct participation of the parenchymal vascular system in substance clearance, in addition to the CSF clearance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Wen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - E. Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA.
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26
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Ueno M, Chiba Y, Murakami R, Miyai Y, Matsumoto K, Wakamatsu K, Nakagawa T, Takebayashi G, Uemura N, Yanase K, Ogino Y. Transporters, Ion Channels, and Junctional Proteins in Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:708. [PMID: 38672064 PMCID: PMC11048166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) plays significant roles in secreting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forming circadian rhythms. A monolayer of epithelial cells with tight and adherens junctions of CP forms the blood-CSF barrier to control the movement of substances between the blood and ventricles, as microvessels in the stroma of CP have fenestrations in endothelial cells. CP epithelial cells are equipped with several kinds of transporters and ion channels to transport nutrient substances and secrete CSF. In addition, junctional components also contribute to CSF production as well as blood-CSF barrier formation. However, it remains unclear how junctional components as well as transporters and ion channels contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In this manuscript, recent findings regarding the distribution and significance of transporters, ion channels, and junctional proteins in CP epithelial cells are introduced, and how changes in expression of their epithelial proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of brain disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Yumi Miyai
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (Y.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Toshitaka Nakagawa
- Division of Research Instrument and Equipment, Research Facility Center, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Genta Takebayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuichi Ogino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (G.T.); (N.U.); (K.Y.); (Y.O.)
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27
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Gribnau A, van Zuylen ML, Coles JP, Plummer MP, Hermanns H, Hermanides J. Cerebral Glucose Metabolism following TBI: Changes in Plasma Glucose, Glucose Transport and Alternative Pathways of Glycolysis-A Translational Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2513. [PMID: 38473761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern with significant consequences across various domains. Following the primary event, secondary injuries compound the outcome after TBI, with disrupted glucose metabolism emerging as a relevant factor. This narrative review summarises the existing literature on post-TBI alterations in glucose metabolism. After TBI, the brain undergoes dynamic changes in brain glucose transport, including alterations in glucose transporters and kinetics, and disruptions in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, cerebral glucose metabolism transitions from a phase of hyperglycolysis to hypometabolism, with upregulation of alternative pathways of glycolysis. Future research should further explore optimal, and possibly personalised, glycaemic control targets in TBI patients, with GLP-1 analogues as promising therapeutic candidates. Furthermore, a more fundamental understanding of alterations in the activation of various pathways, such as the polyol and lactate pathway, could hold the key to improving outcomes following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerixt Gribnau
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark L van Zuylen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mark P Plummer
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Henning Hermanns
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Yang C, Pan RY, Guan F, Yuan Z. Lactate metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:69-74. [PMID: 37488846 PMCID: PMC10479854 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect. Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions. The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has clarified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system. Moreover, protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription, cellular functions, and disease development. This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases, thus providing optimal perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Yang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Yuan Pan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Yan P, Liu J, Li Z, Wang J, Zhu Z, Wang L, Yu G. Glycolysis Reprogramming in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling the Mystery of Lactate in the Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:315. [PMID: 38203486 PMCID: PMC10779333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of fibrotic connective tissue in the lungs. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations, particularly glycolysis reprogramming, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Lactate, once considered a metabolic waste product, is now recognized as a signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. In the context of IPF, lactate has been shown to promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, lactate can modulate immune responses and contribute to the pro-inflammatory microenvironment observed in IPF. In addition, lactate has been implicated in the crosstalk between different cell types involved in IPF; it can influence cell-cell communication, cytokine production, and the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the role of glycolytic reprogramming and lactate in IPF and its potential implications to clarify the role of lactate in IPF and to provide a reference and direction for future research. In conclusion, elucidating the intricate interplay between lactate metabolism and fibrotic processes may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
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30
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Soltanzadeh M, Blanchard S, Soucy JP, Benali H. Lactate's behavioral switch in the brain: An in-silico model. J Theor Biol 2023; 575:111648. [PMID: 37865309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence emphasizes lactate's involvement in both physiological processes (energy metabolism, memory, etc.) and disease (traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, etc.). Furthermore, the usefulness of mathematical modeling in deciphering underlying dynamics of the brain to investigate lactate roles and mechanisms of action has been well established. Here, we analyze a novel mathematical model of brain lactate exchanges between four compartments: neurons, astrocytes, capillaries, and extracellular space. A system of four ordinary differential equations is proposed to explain interactions between these compartments. We first optimize and analyze the model's parameters under normal, resting state conditions, and then use it to simulate changes linked to elevated arterial lactate. Our results show that even though increased arterial lactate results in increased uptake by astrocytes and release to the extracellular space, it cannot strongly recover the initial drop in neuronal lactate concentration. Also, we show that the direction of lactate transport between the compartments is influenced by the maximum astrocyte production rate and the transport rate between astrocytes and extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Soltanzadeh
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Solenna Blanchard
- University of Rennes, INSERM, LTSI-UMR 1099, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Habib Benali
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
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Lin W, Zhao XY, Cheng JW, Li LT, Jiang Q, Zhang YX, Han F. Signaling pathways in brain ischemia: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108541. [PMID: 37783348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the brain are narrowed or blocked, inducing damage to brain tissue due to a lack of blood supply. One effective way to reduce brain damage and alleviate symptoms is to reopen blocked blood vessels in a timely manner and reduce neuronal damage. To achieve this, researchers have focused on identifying key cellular signaling pathways that can be targeted with drugs. These pathways include oxidative/nitrosative stress, excitatory amino acids and their receptors, inflammatory signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, ion channels, and other molecular events involved in stroke pathology. However, evidence suggests that solely focusing on protecting neurons may not yield satisfactory clinical results. Instead, researchers should consider the multifactorial and complex mechanisms underlying stroke pathology, including the interactions between different components of the neurovascular unit. Such an approach is more representative of the actual pathological process observed in clinical settings. This review summarizes recent research on the multiple molecular mechanisms and drug targets in ischemic stroke, as well as recent advances in novel therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of new strategies based on the biological characteristics of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Li-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, China; International Joint Laboratory for Drug Target of Critical Illnesses, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China; Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Kim DY, Park J, Han IO. Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-GlcNAc cycling of glucose metabolism in brain function and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C981-C998. [PMID: 37602414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00191.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Impaired brain glucose metabolism is considered a hallmark of brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Disruption of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and subsequent O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling has been identified as an emerging link between altered glucose metabolism and defects in the brain. Myriads of cytosolic and nuclear proteins in the nervous system are modified at serine or threonine residues with a single N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) molecule by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which can be removed by β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase, OGA). Homeostatic regulation of O-GlcNAc cycling is important for the maintenance of normal brain activity. Although significant evidence linking dysregulated HBP metabolism and aberrant O-GlcNAc cycling to induction or progression of neuronal diseases has been obtained, the issue of whether altered O-GlcNAcylation is causal in brain pathogenesis remains uncertain. Elucidation of the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of individual O-GlcNAcylated neuronal proteins in both normal and diseased states may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for various neuronal disorders. The information presented in this review highlights the importance of HBP/O-GlcNAcylation in the neuronal system and summarizes the roles and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylated neuronal proteins in maintaining normal brain function and initiation and progression of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Itoh N, Itoh Y, Meyer CE, Suen TT, Cortez-Delgado D, Rivera Lomeli M, Wendin S, Somepalli SS, Golden LC, MacKenzie-Graham A, Voskuhl RR. Estrogen receptor beta in astrocytes modulates cognitive function in mid-age female mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6044. [PMID: 37758709 PMCID: PMC10533869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with cognitive deficits and brain atrophy, but the brain region and cell-specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identify a sex hormone by age interaction whereby loss of ovarian hormones in female mice at midlife, but not young age, induced hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairment, dorsal hippocampal atrophy, and astrocyte and microglia activation with synaptic loss. Selective deletion of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in astrocytes, but not neurons, in gonadally intact female mice induced the same brain effects. RNA sequencing and pathway analyses of gene expression in hippocampal astrocytes from midlife female astrocyte-ERβ conditional knock out (cKO) mice revealed Gluconeogenesis I and Glycolysis I as the most differentially expressed pathways. Enolase 1 gene expression was increased in hippocampi from both astrocyte-ERβ cKO female mice at midlife and from postmenopausal women. Gain of function studies showed that ERβ ligand treatment of midlife female mice reversed dorsal hippocampal neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Itoh
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra E Meyer
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Takazo Suen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diego Cortez-Delgado
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sophia Wendin
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sri Sanjana Somepalli
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa C Golden
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allan MacKenzie-Graham
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rhonda R Voskuhl
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Vargas-Rodríguez P, Cuenca-Martagón A, Castillo-González J, Serrano-Martínez I, Luque RM, Delgado M, González-Rey E. Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Focus on Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14117. [PMID: 37762420 PMCID: PMC10531435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alejandro Cuenca-Martagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
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Colucci ACM, Tassinari ID, Loss EDS, de Fraga LS. History and Function of the Lactate Receptor GPR81/HCAR1 in the Brain: A Putative Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2023; 526:144-163. [PMID: 37391123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
GPR81 is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) discovered in 2001, but deorphanized only 7 years later, when its affinity for lactate as an endogenous ligand was demonstrated. More recently, GPR81 expression and distribution in the brain were also confirmed and the function of lactate as a volume transmitter has been suggested since then. These findings shed light on a new function of lactate acting as a signaling molecule in the central nervous system, in addition to its well-known role as a metabolic fuel for neurons. GPR81 seems to act as a metabolic sensor, coupling energy metabolism, synaptic activity, and blood flow. Activation of this receptor leads to Gi-mediated downregulation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent reduction in cAMP levels, regulating several downstream pathways. Recent studies have also suggested the potential role of lactate as a neuroprotective agent, mainly under brain ischemic conditions. This effect is usually attributed to the metabolic role of lactate, but the underlying mechanisms need further investigation and could be related to lactate signaling via GPR81. The activation of GPR81 showed promising results for neuroprotection: it modulates many processes involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia. In this review, we summarize the history of GPR81, starting with its deorphanization; then, we discuss GPR81 expression and distribution, signaling transduction cascades, and neuroprotective roles. Lastly, we propose GPR81 as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clara Machado Colucci
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eloísa da Silveira Loss
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LABENEX), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Raut S, Bhalerao A, Powers M, Gonzalez M, Mancuso S, Cucullo L. Hypometabolism, Alzheimer's Disease, and Possible Therapeutic Targets: An Overview. Cells 2023; 12:2019. [PMID: 37626828 PMCID: PMC10453773 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly dynamic organ that requires a constant energy source to function normally. This energy is mostly supplied by glucose, a simple sugar that serves as the brain's principal fuel source. Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily controlled via sodium-independent facilitated glucose transport, such as by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and 3 (GLUT3). However, other glucose transporters, including GLUT4 and the sodium-dependent transporters SGLT1 and SGLT6, have been reported in vitro and in vivo. When the BBB endothelial layer is crossed, neurons and astrocytes can absorb the glucose using their GLUT1 and GLUT3 transporters. Glucose then enters the glycolytic pathway and is metabolized into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which supplies the energy to support cellular functions. The transport and metabolism of glucose in the brain are impacted by several medical conditions, which can cause neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), schizophrenia, etc., are a few of the most prevalent disorders, characterized by a decline in brain metabolism or hypometabolism early in the course of the disease. Indeed, AD is considered a metabolic disorder related to decreased brain glucose metabolism, involving brain insulin resistance and age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the conventional view is that reduced cerebral metabolism is an effect of neuronal loss and consequent brain atrophy, a growing body of evidence points to the opposite, where hypometabolism is prodromal or at least precedes the onset of brain atrophy and the manifestation of clinical symptoms. The underlying processes responsible for these glucose transport and metabolic abnormalities are complicated and remain poorly understood. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of hypometabolism in AD and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Raut
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Michael Powers
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Minelly Gonzalez
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Salvatore Mancuso
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.R.); (A.B.); (M.G.); (S.M.)
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Diao X, Han H, Li B, Guo Z, Fu J, Wu W. The Rare Marine Bioactive Compounds in Neurological Disorders and Diseases: Is the Blood-Brain Barrier an Obstacle or a Target? Mar Drugs 2023; 21:406. [PMID: 37504937 PMCID: PMC10381592 DOI: 10.3390/md21070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier separating neurocytes and brain tissues from blood that is extremely sealed and strictly regulated by transporters such as aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), glucose transporter (GLUT), and specialized tight junctional complexes (TJCs) including tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions (AJs), and Zonulae occludens (ZOs). With specifically selective transcellular and paracellular permeability, the BBB maintains a homeostatic microenvironment to protect the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, increasing attention has been paied to the importance of BBB disruption and dysfunction in the pathology of neurological disorders and diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson diseases (PD), stroke and cerebral edema. However, the further research on how the integral structure and function of BBB are altered under the physiological or pathological conditions is still needed. Focusing on the ultrastructural features of the BBB and combining the latest research on associated proteins and transporters, physiological regulation and pathological change of the BBB were elucidated. By summarizing the protective effects of known bioactive compounds derived from marine life on the BBB, this review aims to highlight the BBB as a key to the treatment of several major neurological diseases instead of a normally described obstacle to drug absorption and transport. Overall, the BBB's morphological characteristics and physiological function and their regulation provide the theoretical basis for the study on the BBB and inspire the diagnosis of and therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Diao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Bailin Li
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhen Guo
- Innovation Center, Shanghai BociMed Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Jun Fu
- Innovation Center, Shanghai BociMed Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
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Leitner DF, Kanshin E, Faustin A, Thierry M, Friedman D, Devore S, Ueberheide B, Devinsky O, Wisniewski T. Localized proteomic differences in the choroid plexus of Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy patients. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1221775. [PMID: 37521285 PMCID: PMC10379643 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1221775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy are reciprocally related. Among sporadic AD patients, clinical seizures occur in 10-22% and subclinical epileptiform abnormalities occur in 22-54%. Cognitive deficits, especially short-term memory impairments, occur in most epilepsy patients. Common neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms occur in AD and epilepsy. The choroid plexus undergoes pathological changes in aging, AD, and epilepsy, including decreased CSF turnover, amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau accumulation due to impaired clearance and disrupted CSF amino acid homeostasis. This pathology may contribute to synaptic dysfunction in AD and epilepsy. Methods We evaluated control (n = 8), severe AD (n = 8; A3, B3, C3 neuropathology), and epilepsy autopsy cases (n = 12) using laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry on the choroid plexus adjacent to the hippocampus at the lateral geniculate nucleus level. Results Proteomics identified 2,459 proteins in the choroid plexus. At a 5% false discovery rate (FDR), 616 proteins were differentially expressed in AD vs. control, 1 protein in epilepsy vs. control, and 438 proteins in AD vs. epilepsy. There was more variability in the epilepsy group across syndromes. The top 20 signaling pathways associated with differentially expressed proteins in AD vs. control included cell metabolism pathways; activated fatty acid beta-oxidation (p = 2.00 x 10-7, z = 3.00), and inhibited glycolysis (p = 1.00 x 10-12, z = -3.46). For AD vs. epilepsy, the altered pathways included cell metabolism pathways, activated complement system (p = 5.62 x 10-5, z = 2.00), and pathogen-induced cytokine storm (p = 2.19 x 10-2, z = 3.61). Of the 617 altered proteins in AD and epilepsy vs. controls, 497 (81%) were positively correlated (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.27). Discussion We found altered signaling pathways in the choroid plexus of severe AD cases and many correlated changes in the protein expression of cell metabolism pathways in AD and epilepsy cases. The shared molecular mechanisms should be investigated further to distinguish primary pathogenic changes from the secondary ones. These mechanisms could inform novel therapeutic strategies to prevent disease progression or restore normal function. A focus on dual-diagnosed AD/epilepsy cases, specific epilepsy syndromes, such as temporal lobe epilepsy, and changes across different severity levels in AD and epilepsy would add to our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique F. Leitner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evgeny Kanshin
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arline Faustin
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Manon Thierry
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sasha Devore
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Lv C, Zhang N, Xing K, Wang Z, Lv R, Yu M, Xu C, Wang Y. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies critical transcription factors of tumor cell invasion induced by hypoxia microenvironment in glioblastoma. Theranostics 2023; 13:3744-3760. [PMID: 37441593 PMCID: PMC10334835 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant primary brain cancer with poor survival. Hypoxia is a hallmark of GBM, which promotes tumor cells spreading (invasion) into the healthy brain tissue. Methods: To better elucidate the influence of hypoxia on GBM invasion, we proposed a data-driven modeling framework for predicting cellular hypoxia (CHPF) by integrating single cell transcriptome profiling and hypoxia gene signatures. Results: We characterized the hypoxia status landscape of GBM cells and observed that hypoxic cells were only present in the tumor core. Then, by investigating the cell-cell communication between immune cells and tumor cells, we discovered significant interaction between macrophages and tumor cells in hypoxic microenvironment. Notably, we dissected the functional heterogeneity of tumor cells and identified a hypoxic subpopulation that had highly invasive potential. By constructing cell status specific gene regulatory networks, we further identified 14 critical regulators of tumor invasion induced by hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we confirmed that knocking down two critical regulators CEBPD and FOSL1 could reduce the invasive ability of GBM under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, we revealed the therapeutic effect of Axitinib and Entinostat through the mice model. Conclusion: Our work revealed the critical regulators in hypoxic subpopulation with high invasive potential in GBM, which may have practical implications for clinical targeted-hypoxia cancer drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chengqian Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Kaiyuan Xing
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rongkai Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mingchen Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University. Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chaohan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Yang Y, Bu T, Bu X, Ni Q. Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolic regulation in the brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192602. [PMID: 37396164 PMCID: PMC10312370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes, supported by evidence of abnormal brain structure and function. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, there are several plausible ways in which this connection may occur. Since, brain functions require a constant supply of glucose as an energy source, the brain may be more susceptible to abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic abnormalities under diabetic conditions may play an important role in cognitive dysfunction by affecting glucose transport and reducing glucose metabolism. These changes, along with oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other factors, can affect synaptic transmission, neural plasticity, and ultimately lead to impaired neuronal and cognitive function. Insulin signal triggers intracellular signal transduction that regulates glucose transport and metabolism. Insulin resistance, one hallmark of diabetes, has also been linked with impaired cerebral glucose metabolism in the brain. In this review, we conclude that glucose metabolic abnormalities play a critical role in the pathophysiological alterations underlying diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD), which is associated with multiple pathogenic factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and others. Brain insulin resistance is highly emphasized and characterized as an important pathogenic mechanism in the DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’ anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Demina PA, Sindeeva OA, Abramova AM, Saveleva MS, Sukhorukov GB, Goryacheva IY. Fluorescent polymer markers photoconvertible with a 532 nm laser for individual cell labeling. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200379. [PMID: 36726223 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent photoconvertible materials and molecules have been successfully exploited as bioimaging markers and cell trackers. Recently, the novel fluorescent photoconvertible polymer markers have been developed that allow the long-term tracking of individual labeled cells. However, it is still necessary to study the functionality of this type of fluorescent labels for various operating conditions, in particular for commonly used discrete wavelength lasers. In this article, the photoconversion of fluorescent polymer labels with both pulsed and continuous-wave lasers with 532 nm-irradiation wavelength, and under different laser power densities were studied. The photoconversion process was described and its possible mechanism was proposed. The peculiarities of fluorescent polymer capsules performance as an aqueous suspension and as a single capsule were described. We performed the successful nondestructivity marker photoconversion inside RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cells under continuous-wave laser with 532 nm-irradiation wavelength, showing prospects of these fluorescent markers for long-term live cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Demina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - O A Sindeeva
- A.V. Zelmann Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A M Abramova
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - M S Saveleva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - G B Sukhorukov
- A.V. Zelmann Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - I Y Goryacheva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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Dai C, Tan C, Zhao L, Liang Y, Liu G, Liu H, Zhong Y, Liu Z, Mo L, Liu X, Chen L. Glucose Metabolism Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Res Bull 2023; 199:110672. [PMID: 37210012 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in systematic and regional glucose metabolism exist in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at every stage of the disease course, and such impairments are associated with the incidence, progression, and special phenotypes of PD, which affect each physiological process of glucose metabolism including glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate shunt pathway. These impairments may be attributed to various mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, abnormal glycated modification, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, and hyperglycemia-induced damages. These mechanisms could subsequently cause excessive methylglyoxal and reactive oxygen species production, neuroinflammation, abnormal aggregation of protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased dopamine, and finally result in energy supply insufficiency, neurotransmitter dysregulation, aggregation and phosphorylation of α-synuclein, and dopaminergic neuron loss. This review discusses the glucose metabolism impairment in PD and its pathophysiological mechanisms, and briefly summarized the currently-available therapies targeting glucose metabolism impairment in PD, including glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/gastric inhibitory peptide receptor agonists, metformin, and thiazoledinediones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Yuke Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Chamarthy S, Mekala JR. Functional importance of glucose transporters and chromatin epigenetic factors in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): possible therapeutics. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1441-1469. [PMID: 37093461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer affecting glial cells and is chemo- and radio-resistant. Glucose is considered the most vital energy source for cancer cell proliferation. During metabolism, hexose molecules will be transported into the cells via transmembrane proteins known as glucose transporter (GLUT). Among them, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 play pivotal roles in glucose transport in GBM. Knockdown studies have established the role of GLUT-1, and GLUT-3 mediated glucose transport in GBM cells, providing insight into GLUT-mediated cancer signaling and cancer aggressiveness. This review focussed on the vital role of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 proteins, which regulate glucose transport. Recent studies have identified the role of GLUT inhibitors in effective cancer prevention. Several of them are in clinical trials. Understanding and functional approaches towards glucose-mediated cell metabolism and chromatin epigenetics will provide valuable insights into the mechanism of cancer aggressiveness, cancer stemness, and chemo-resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). This review summarizes the role of GLUT inhibitors, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that aid in inhibiting glucose uptake by the GBM cells and other cancer cells leading to the identification of potential therapeutic, prognostic as well as diagnostic markers. Furthermore, the involvement of epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, in regulating glycolytic genes was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India
| | - Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522302, India.
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Moiseenok AG, Kanunnikova NP. Brain CoA and Acetyl CoA Metabolism in Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:466-480. [PMID: 37080933 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792304003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The processes of biotransformation of pantothenic acid (Pan) in the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of CoA, key role of pantothenate kinase (PANK) and CoA synthetase (CoASY) in the formation of the priority mitochondrial pool of CoA, with a high metabolic turnover of the coenzyme and limited transport of Pan across the blood-brain barrier are considered. The system of acetyl-CoA, a secondary messenger, which is the main substrate of acetylation processes including formation of N-acetyl aspartate and acetylcholine, post-translational modification of histones, predetermines protection of the neurons against degenerative signals and cholinergic neurotransmission. Biochemical mechanisms of neurodegenerative syndromes in the cases of PANK and CoASY defects, and the possibility of correcting of CoA biosynthesis in the models with knockouts of these enzymes have been described. The data of a post-mortem study of the brains from the patients with Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases are presented, proving Pan deficiency in the CNS, which is especially pronounced in the pathognomonic neurostructures. In the frontal cortex of the patients with Parkinson's disease, combined immunofluorescence of anti-CoA- and anti-tau protein was detected, reflecting CoAlation during dimerization of the tau protein and its redox sensitivity. Redox activity and antioxidant properties of the precursors of CoA biosynthesis were confirmed in vitro with synaptosomal membranes and mitochondria during modeling of aluminum neurotoxicity accompanied by the decrease in the level of CoA in CNS. The ability of CoA biosynthesis precursors to stabilize glutathione pool in neurostructures, in particular, in the hippocampus, is considered as a pathogenetic protection mechanism during exposure to neurotoxins, development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and justifies the combined use of Pan derivatives (for example, D-panthenol) and glutathione precursors (N-acetylcysteine). Taking into account the discovery of new functions of CoA (redox-dependent processes of CoAlation of proteins, possible association of oxidative stress and deficiency of Pan (CoA) in neurodegenerative pathology), it seems promising to study bioavailability and biotransformation of Pan derivatives, in particular of D-panthenol, 4'-phospho-pantetheine, its acylated derivatives, and compositions with redox pharmacological compounds, are promising for their potential use as etiopathogenetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Moiseenok
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, 230023, Belarus.
| | - Nina P Kanunnikova
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, 230023, Belarus
- Yanka Kupala's Grodno State University, Grodno, 230023, Belarus
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Svedung Wettervik T, Lewén A, Enblad P. Fine tuning of neurointensive care in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: From one-size-fits-all towards individualized care. World Neurosurg X 2023; 18:100160. [PMID: 36818739 PMCID: PMC9932216 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe type of acute brain injury with high mortality and burden of neurological sequelae. General management aims at early aneurysm occlusion to prevent re-bleeding, cerebrospinal fluid drainage in case of increased intracranial pressure and/or acute hydrocephalus, and cerebral blood flow augmentation in case of delayed ischemic neurological deficits. In addition, the brain is vulnerable to physiological insults in the acute phase and neurointensive care (NIC) is important to optimize the cerebral physiology to avoid secondary brain injury. NIC has led to significantly better neurological recovery following aSAH, but there is still great room for further improvements. First, current aSAH NIC management protocols are to some extent extrapolated from those in traumatic brain injury, notwithstanding important disease-specific differences. Second, the same NIC management protocols are applied to all aSAH patients, despite great patient heterogeneity. Third, the main variables of interest, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure, may be too superficial to fully detect and treat several important pathomechanisms. Fourth, there is a lack of understanding not only regarding physiological, but also cellular and molecular pathomechanisms and there is a need to better monitor and treat these processes. This narrative review aims to discuss current state-of-the-art NIC of aSAH, knowledge gaps in the field, and future directions towards a more individualized care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Svedung Wettervik
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Lewén
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Enblad
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Identification and experimental validation of ferroptosis-related gene SLC2A3 is involved in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 943:175568. [PMID: 36736942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent manner of lipid peroxidative cell death, has recently been reported to be strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Targeted ferroptosis may be a potential treatment for RA. METHODS We combined bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithm to screen the characteristic gene of RA. Moreover, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to investigate the biological function of feature gene and CIBERSORT algorithm to analyze the correlation between selected hub gene and immune cells. The CellMiner database was used to predict potential drugs for RA. Finally, it was further verified by in vitro cell experiment. RESULTS SLC2A3 was identified as an important potential biomarker based on bioinformatics methods and machine learning algorithms. SLC2A3 encodes the predominantly neuronal glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). GSEA showed that SLC2A3 high-expression group was correlated with metabolic pathways. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that SLC2A3 was positively correlated with activated mast cell expression. RSL3 is an activator of ferroptosis that binds to and inactivates GPX4, mediating ferroptosis regulated by GPX4. In our experiment, we treated synovial fibroblast-like cells of RA (RA-FLS) with RSL3 (Ferroptosis inducers) and found that RSL3 can downregulate SLC2A3 expression and induce ferroptosis in RA-FLS. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies and validates ferroptosis-related gene SLC2A3 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of RA. It was also found that RSL3 can induce ferroptosis in RA-FLS via lead to the downregulation of SLC2A3.
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Nabatame S, Tanigawa J, Tominaga K, Kagitani-Shimono K, Yanagihara K, Imai K, Ando T, Tsuyusaki Y, Araya N, Matsufuji M, Natsume J, Yuge K, Bratkovic D, Arai H, Okinaga T, Matsushige T, Azuma Y, Ishihara N, Miyatake S, Kato M, Matsumoto N, Okamoto N, Takahashi S, Hattori S, Ozono K. Association between cerebrospinal fluid parameters and developmental and neurological status in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2023; 447:120597. [PMID: 36965413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), cerebrospinal fluid glucose (CSFG) and CSFG to blood glucose ratio (CBGR) show significant differences among groups classified by phenotype or genotype. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between these biochemical parameters and Glut1DS severity. METHODS The medical records of 45 patients who visited Osaka University Hospital between March 2004 and December 2021 were retrospectively examined. Neurological status was determined using the developmental quotient (DQ), assessed using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001, and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). CSF parameters included CSFG, CBGR, and CSF lactate (CSFL). RESULTS CSF was collected from 41 patients, and DQ and SARA were assessed in 24 and 27 patients, respectively. Simple regression analysis showed moderate associations between neurological status and biochemical parameters. CSFG resulted in a higher R2 than CBGR in these analyses. CSF parameters acquired during the first year of life were not comparable to those acquired later. CSFL was measured in 16 patients (DQ and SARA in 11 and 14 patients, respectively). Although simple regression analysis also showed moderate associations between neurological status and CSFG and CSFL, the multiple regression analysis for DQ and SARA resulted in strong associations through the use of a combination of CSFG and CSFL as explanatory variables. CONCLUSION The severity of Glut1DS can be predicted from CSF parameters. Glucose and lactate are independent contributors to the developmental and neurological status in Glut1DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Junpei Tanigawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Koji Tominaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keiko Yanagihara
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Imai
- Department of Clinical Research, National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, 886 Urushiyama, Aoi, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 420-8688, Japan.
| | - Toru Ando
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Municipal Tsuruga Hospital, 1-6-60, Mishimacho, Tsuruga, Fukui 914-8502, Japan.
| | - Yu Tsuyusaki
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4 Mutsukawa, Minami, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan.
| | - Nami Araya
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3695, Japan; Epilepsy Clinic Bethel Satellite Sendai-Station, Comfort Hotel Sendai-Higashiguchi #1F, 205-5 Nakakecho, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi 983-0864, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Matsufuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima City Hospital, 37-1 Uearatacho, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8760, Japan.
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumaicho, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Yuge
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic Clinic, Women's and Children's Hospital, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide 5006, SA, Australia.
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bobath Memorial Hospital, 1-6-5 Higashinakahama, Joto, Osaka, Osaka 536-0023, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Okinaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Bell Land General Hospital, 500-3 Higashiyama, Naka, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8247, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsushige
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoshiteru Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, 1-1, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukakecho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, 840 Murodocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine and Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Harris WJ, Asselin MC, Hinz R, Parkes LM, Allan S, Schiessl I, Boutin H, Dickie BR. In vivo methods for imaging blood-brain barrier function and dysfunction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1051-1083. [PMID: 36437425 PMCID: PMC9931809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the interface between the central nervous system and systemic circulation. It tightly regulates what enters and is removed from the brain parenchyma and is fundamental in maintaining brain homeostasis. Increasingly, the BBB is recognised as having a significant role in numerous neurological disorders, ranging from acute disorders (traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures) to chronic neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, small vessel disease). Numerous approaches have been developed to study the BBB in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The complex multicellular structure and effects of disease are difficult to recreate accurately in vitro, and functional aspects of the BBB cannot be easily studied ex vivo. As such, the value of in vivo methods to study the intact BBB cannot be overstated. This review discusses the structure and function of the BBB and how these are affected in diseases. It then discusses in depth several established and novel methods for imaging the BBB in vivo, with a focus on MRI, nuclear imaging, and high-resolution intravital fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William James Harris
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Michelle Parkes
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ben Robert Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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49
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Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:287-301. [PMID: 36606696 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental factors. Besides central regulation of whole-body homeostasis, insulin in the central nervous system controls molecular signalling that is critical for cognitive performance, namely signalling through pathways that modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This review provides an overview on how insulin signalling in the brain might regulate brain energy metabolism, and further identified molecular mechanisms by which brain insulin resistance might impair synaptic fuelling, and lead to cognitive deterioration.
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50
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Pasula MB, Napit PR, Alhamyani A, Roy SC, Sylvester PW, Bheemanapally K, Briski KP. Sex Dimorphic Glucose Transporter-2 Regulation of Hypothalamic Astrocyte Glucose and Energy Sensor Expression and Glycogen Metabolism. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:404-417. [PMID: 36173588 PMCID: PMC9898103 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) monitors brain cell uptake of the critical nutrient glucose, and functions within astrocytes of as-yet-unknown location to control glucose counter-regulation. Hypothalamic astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling provides vital cues to the neural glucostatic network. Current research utilized an established hypothalamic primary astrocyte culture model along with gene knockdown tools to investigate whether GLUT2 imposes sex-specific regulation of glucose/energy sensor function and glycogen metabolism in this cell population. Data show that GLUT2 stimulates or inhibits glucokinase (GCK) expression in glucose-supplied versus -deprived male astrocytes, but does not control this protein in female. Astrocyte 5'-AMP-activated protein kinaseα1/2 (AMPK) protein is augmented by GLUT2 in each sex, but phosphoAMPKα1/2 is coincidently up- (male) or down- (female) regulated. GLUT2 effects on glycogen synthase (GS) diverges in the two sexes, but direction of this control is reversed by glucoprivation in each sex. GLUT2 increases (male) or decreases (female) glycogen phosphorylase-brain type (GPbb) protein during glucoprivation, yet simultaneously inhibits (male) or stimulates (female) GP-muscle type (GPmm) expression. Astrocyte glycogen accumulation is restrained by GLUT2 when glucose is present (male) or absent (both sexes). Outcomes disclose sex-dependent GLUT2 control of the astrocyte glycolytic pathway sensor GCK. Data show that glucose status determines GLUT2 regulation of GS (both sexes), GPbb (female), and GPmm (male), and that GLUT2 imposes opposite control of GS, GPbb, and GPmm profiles between sexes during glucoprivation. Ongoing studies aim to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying sex-dimorphic GLUT2 regulation of hypothalamic astrocyte metabolic-sensory and glycogen metabolic proteins, and to characterize effects of sex-specific astrocyte target protein responses to GLUT2 on glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Babu Pasula
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Prabhat R Napit
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Alhamyani
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Sagor C Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Paul W Sylvester
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Khaggeswar Bheemanapally
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Karen P Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Rm 356 Bienville Building 1800 Bienville Drive, 71201, Monroe, LA, USA.
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