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Liu M, Timmermans EJ, Zou D, Grobbee DE, Zhou S, Vaartjes I. Impact of green space exposure on blood pressure in Guangzhou, China: mediation by air pollution, mental health, physical activity, and weight status 1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124251. [PMID: 38821340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Green space exposure has been inversely associated with blood pressure (BP) levels and hypertension risk. However, empirical evidence on the underlying mechanisms are lacking. This study examined the association of green space exposure with BP and hypertension, and assessed the mediating effects by air pollution, mental health, physical activity, and weight status. Survey data from 719 adults, who lived in Guangzhou (China) in 2016, were used. Three area-level green space indicators, including network distance to the nearest park, percentage of green space and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index within a 1km Euclidean buffer around residence and workplace, were calculated and linked to individual-level BP measurements. Structural equation models were applied to estimate the direct and indirect associations of the various green space indicators on systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and hypertension, respectively. After adjusting for multiple covariates, longer network distance to green space was directly associated with higher SBP. Compared to the reference group (0-500m), the differences were 0.11 mmHg (95% CI=0.03 to 0.19, P=0.006) for 500-1000m, 0.03 mmHg (95% CI=-0.05 to 0.12, P=0.45) for 1000-1500m, and 0.16 mmHg (95% CI=0.09 to 0.23, P<0.001) for >1500m, respectively. The overall and direct associations were significant for all three indicators (distance or density) with or without considering workplace exposure. The association between network distance to green and SBP was partially (18.4%, 95% CI=0 to 42.1%) mediated by mental health. There was no statistical evidence that air pollution, physical activity, or weight status mediate the association. Secondary analyses for other indicators and other outcomes showed similar results. Both distance to green space and more green space around residence and workplace were associated with lower BP and lower risk of hypertension in adults living in a Chinese metropolitan. Mental health partly mediated the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Liu
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Zou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Rd., Higher Education Mega Center of Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 Waihuandong Rd., Higher Education Mega Center of Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Darabi Z, Jambarsang S, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY, Seyed Hosseini SM, Sarebanhassanabadi M, Hosseinzadeh M, Beigrezaei S, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Taftian M, Arabi V, Motallaei M, Golvardi Yazdi F, Salehi-Abargouei A, Nadjarzadeh A. Association of NFKB1 gene polymorphism (rs28362491) with cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2023; 15:161-167. [PMID: 38028716 PMCID: PMC10590463 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2023.31834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the study was to investigate between the genotype of the NFKB1 gene and the cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 adults (male and women) aged between 35 and 75 years who referred to Afshar Hospital for coronary angiography in 2021- 2022. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the genotype of rs28362491. Biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. Gensini and Syntax scores were calculated using the angiography result to assess the extent of coronary artery stenosis. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between genotype variants and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results There was no association between variant genotypes and abnormally levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P value=0.51), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P value=0.99), triglyceride (TG) (P value=0.48), total cholesterol (P value=0.79), low density lipoprotein-cholestero (LDL-C) (P value=0.31), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P value=0.53), fast blood sugar (FBS) (P value=0.39), systolic blood pressure (P value=0.14), diastolic blood pressure (P value=0.64), Gensini score (P value=0.48) and syntax score (P value=0.74) in the crude model even after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion We found no association between the ATTG polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients who had coronary angiography. Further investigations are needed to assess the association between variants of 28362491 and cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Jambarsang
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mostafa Seyed Hosseini
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azam Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Taftian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahid Arabi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Motallaei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Faezeh Golvardi Yazdi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Simanek AM, Xiong M, Woo JMP, Zheng C, Zhang YS, Meier HCS, Aiello AE. Association between prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse birth outcomes, and inflammatory response at birth. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106090. [PMID: 37146471 PMCID: PMC10807729 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with inflammation in mid- to late-life, yet whether a pro-inflammatory phenotype is present at birth and the role of adverse birth outcomes in this pathway remains unclear. We utilized data on prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage at the individual- (i.e., mother's and father's education level, insurance type, marital status, and Women, Infants, and Children benefit receipt) and census-tract level as well as preterm (< 37 weeks gestation) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (i.e., < 10th percentile of sex-specific birth weight for gestational age) birth status, and assessed inflammatory markers (i.e., C-reactive protein, serum amyloid p, haptoglobin, and α-2 macroglobulin) in archived neonatal bloodspots from a Michigan population-based cohort of 1000 neonates. Continuous latent variables measuring individual- and combined individual- and neighborhood-level prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage were constructed and latent profile analysis was used to create a categorical inflammatory response variable (high versus low) based on continuous inflammatory marker levels. Structural equation models were used to estimate the total and direct effect of prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage on the inflammatory response at birth as well as indirect effect via preterm or SGA birth (among term neonates only), adjusting for mother's age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities, and antibiotic use/infection as well as grandmother's education level. There was a statistically significant total effect of both individual- and combined individual- and neighborhood-level prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage on high inflammatory response among all neonates as well as among term neonates only, and a positive but not statistically significant direct effect in both groups. The indirect effects via preterm and SGA birth were both negative, but not statistically significant. Our findings suggest prenatal socioeconomic disadvantage contributes to elevated neonatal inflammatory response, but via pathways outside of these adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Simanek
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Meng Xiong
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer M P Woo
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuan S Zhang
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helen C S Meier
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Yihui C, Yanfeng G. Inflammatory markers in patients with hypertension. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2023; 84:1-8. [PMID: 37235676 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic disease with high levels of morbidity and disability. Elevated blood pressure can lead to many complications and is the main risk factor for stroke, heart failure and nephropathy. Factors associated with hypertension and inflammatory response differ from those associated with vascular inflammation. The immune system plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Inflammation is particularly relevant in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, which has led to extensive research on inflammatory markers and indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yihui
- Department of General Practice, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gong Yanfeng
- Department of General Practice, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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5
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Effect of Anti-Hypertensive Medication on Plasma Concentrations of Lysyl Oxidase: Evidence for Aldosterone-IL-6-Dependent Regulation of Lysyl Oxidase Blood Concentration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071748. [PMID: 35885053 PMCID: PMC9313098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a secretory protein that catalyzes elastin and collagen cross-linking. Lowering LOX expression and activity in endothelial cells is associated with a high risk of aneurysms and vascular malformation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), elevated in hypertension, is known to suppress LOX expression. The influence of anti-hypertensive medication on the plasma LOX concentration is currently unknown. In a cohort of 34 patients diagnosed with resistant hypertension and treated with up to nine different drugs, blood concentration of LOX was analyzed to identify drugs that have an impact on plasma LOX concentration. Key findings were confirmed in a second independent patient cohort of 37 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. Blood concentrations of aldosterone and IL-6 were analyzed. In vitro, the effect of IL-6 on LOX expression was analyzed in endothelial cells. Patients receiving aldosterone antagonists had the highest plasma LOX concentration in both cohorts. This effect was independent of sex, age, blood pressure, body mass index, and co-medication. Blood aldosterone concentration correlates with plasma IL-6 concentration. In vitro, IL-6 decreased the expression of LOX in endothelial cells but not fibroblasts. Aldosterone was identified as a factor that affects blood concentration of LOX in an IL-6-dependent manner.
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Wielscher M, Mandaviya PR, Kuehnel B, Joehanes R, Mustafa R, Robinson O, Zhang Y, Bodinier B, Walton E, Mishra PP, Schlosser P, Wilson R, Tsai PC, Palaniswamy S, Marioni RE, Fiorito G, Cugliari G, Karhunen V, Ghanbari M, Psaty BM, Loh M, Bis JC, Lehne B, Sotoodehnia N, Deary IJ, Chadeau-Hyam M, Brody JA, Cardona A, Selvin E, Smith AK, Miller AH, Torres MA, Marouli E, Gào X, van Meurs JBJ, Graf-Schindler J, Rathmann W, Koenig W, Peters A, Weninger W, Farlik M, Zhang T, Chen W, Xia Y, Teumer A, Nauck M, Grabe HJ, Doerr M, Lehtimäki T, Guan W, Milani L, Tanaka T, Fisher K, Waite LL, Kasela S, Vineis P, Verweij N, van der Harst P, Iacoviello L, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Krogh V, Tumino R, Tzala E, Matullo G, Hurme MA, Raitakari OT, Colicino E, Baccarelli AA, Kähönen M, Herzig KH, Li S, Conneely KN, Kooner JS, Köttgen A, Heijmans BT, Deloukas P, Relton C, Ong KK, Bell JT, Boerwinkle E, Elliott P, Brenner H, Beekman M, Levy D, Waldenberger M, Chambers JC, Dehghan A, Järvelin MR. DNA methylation signature of chronic low-grade inflammation and its role in cardio-respiratory diseases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2408. [PMID: 35504910 PMCID: PMC9065016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a multi-ethnic Epigenome Wide Association study on 22,774 individuals to describe the DNA methylation signature of chronic low-grade inflammation as measured by C-Reactive protein (CRP). We find 1,511 independent differentially methylated loci associated with CRP. These CpG sites show correlation structures across chromosomes, and are primarily situated in euchromatin, depleted in CpG islands. These genomic loci are predominantly situated in transcription factor binding sites and genomic enhancer regions. Mendelian randomization analysis suggests altered CpG methylation is a consequence of increased blood CRP levels. Mediation analysis reveals obesity and smoking as important underlying driving factors for changed CpG methylation. Finally, we find that an activated CpG signature significantly increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pooja R Mandaviya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Kuehnel
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rima Mustafa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pascal Schlosser
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Saranya Palaniswamy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovacular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Mandalay Road, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexia Cardona
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics & Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mylin A Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xin Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Graf-Schindler
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Resesarch at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tao Zhang
- Deptarment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Macus Doerr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista Fisher
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lindsay L Waite
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Silva Kasela
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Citta' della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and Centre for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic - MPP Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Evangelia Tzala
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mikko A Hurme
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children's Minnesota Research Institute, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Dept. of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation, BHF, Centre for Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Mandalay Road, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa, Oulu, Finland.
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK.
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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Aktas G, Khalid A, Kurtkulagi O, Duman TT, Bilgin S, Kahveci G, Atak Tel BM, Sincer I, Gunes Y. Poorly controlled hypertension is associated with elevated serum uric acid to HDL-cholesterol ratio: A cross-sectional cohort study. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:297-302. [PMID: 35142235 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2039007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis and follow up of Hypertension (HT) depends on the blood pressure measurements, which can be affected by several factors. In the present work, we aimed to explore the role of uric acid/HDL-cholesterol ratio (UHR) in HT and whether/or not it was associated with poor blood pressure control. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, all the participants treated for hypertension and then followed up in the internal medicine clinics of our institution were enrolled. Hypertensive patients were grouped as either poorly or well-controlled hypertension groups, according to the suggestions of Joint National Committee VIII criteria and healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. UHR of the study groups were compared. RESULTS Our Study cohort consisted of 535 subjects; 258 in the well-controlled HT group, 186 in the poorly controlled HT group, and 91 in the control group. Median UHR levels of the poorly controlled HT group (13(4-43) %) was significantly higher than well-controlled HT group 11 (4-22) %), and control group (8 (4-19) %), (p<0.001). UHR was correlated with systolic (r=0.33, p<0.001), and diastolic (r=0.28, p<0.001) BP. UHR level greater than 11% has 70% sensitivity and 60% specificity in predicting poor BP control (AUC: 0.73, p<0.001, 95%CI: 0.68-0.77). UHR was an independent risk factor for poor BP control in HT subjects and a unit elevation in UHR increased the risk of poorer BP control by 7.3 times (p<0.001, 95%CI: 3.9-13.63). CONCLUSION Assessment of UHR may be useful in HT patients since elevated UHR levels could be associated with poor blood pressure control in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulali Aktas
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Atiqa Khalid
- Sahiwal Medical College affiliated with University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ozge Kurtkulagi
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | - Satilmis Bilgin
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kahveci
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | - Isa Sincer
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Yilmaz Gunes
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey
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9
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Jiang L, Li Y, Wang L, Guo J, Liu W, Meng G, Zhang L, Li M, Cong L, Sun M. Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767642. [PMID: 34925025 PMCID: PMC8678502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Cong
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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10
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Du R, Cao H. Dietary pattern associated with C-reactive protein and trajectories of blood pressure in Chinese adults: evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 35:605-612. [PMID: 34905262 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the relationship between a dietary pattern associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and trajectories of blood pressure in Chinese adults. METHODS This prospective cohort study consisted of 7020 adults using three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009, 2011, and 2015). Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectories of blood pressure. The dietary pattern associated with CRP was measured by using the reduced rank regression method. Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of the scores on inflammation-related dietary patterns and trajectories of blood pressure. RESULTS We identified a dietary pattern associated with CRP at baseline, which was high in red meat, snacks, and nuts but low in grains, poultry, and fish. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) pertaining to the highest dietary pattern score group for the high-normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) group and the high SBP group were 1.316(1.155-1.498) and 1.295(1.030-1.627), respectively. However, no significant association was observed between dietary patterns and trajectories of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary pattern associated with CRP resulted in higher risk of high-normal and high levels of SBP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjia Du
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Clinical Nutrition, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214131, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Clinical Nutrition, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214131, P.R. China
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11
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Prognostic implication of uncontrolled hypertension in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. COR ET VASA 2021. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2021.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Waldeck-Weiermair M, Yadav S, Spyropoulos F, Krüger C, Pandey AK, Michel T. Dissecting in vivo and in vitro redox responses using chemogenetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:360-369. [PMID: 34752919 PMCID: PMC8639655 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mammalian cells. At low concentrations, H2O2 serves as a versatile cell signaling molecule that mediates vital physiological functions. Yet at higher concentrations, H2O2 can be a toxic molecule by promoting pathological oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Within normal cells, H2O2 is differentially distributed in a variety of subcellular locales. Moreover, many redox-active enzymes and their substrates are themselves differentially distributed within cells. Numerous reports have described the biological and biochemical consequences of adding exogenous H2O2 to cultured cells and tissues, but many of these observations are difficult to interpret: the effects of exogenous H2O2 do not necessarily replicate the cellular responses to endogenous H2O2. In recent years, chemogenetic approaches have been developed to dynamically regulate the abundance of H2O2 in specific subcellular locales. Chemogenetic approaches have been applied in multiple experimental systems, ranging from in vitro studies on the intracellular transport and metabolism of H2O2, all the way to in vivo studies that generate oxidative stress in specific organs in living animals. These chemogenetic approaches have exploited a yeast-derived d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that synthesizes H2O2 only in the presence of its d-amino acid substrate. DAAO can be targeted to various subcellular locales, and can be dynamically activated by the addition or withdrawal of its d-amino acid substrate. In addition, recent advances in the development of highly sensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensors are providing a better understanding of both physiological and pathological oxidative pathways. This review highlights several applications of DAAO as a chemogenetic tool across a wide range of biological systems, from analyses of subcellular H2O2 metabolism in cells to the development of new disease models caused by oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Krüger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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13
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Wang YJ, Su J, Yu JJ, Yan MQ, Shi ML, Huang QD, Li B, Wu WY, Xia RS, Li SF, Chen SH, Lv GY. Buddleoside-Rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract has a Beneficial Effect on Metabolic Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting the Enteric-Origin LPS/TLR4 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755140. [PMID: 34690786 PMCID: PMC8532163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of patients with metabolic hypertension (MH) is increasing, there is an essential require for global measures to prevent and treat MH. Flavonoids such as buddleoside (BUD) from Chrysanthemum indicum L. are the main pharmacological components of cardiovascular activities. Previous studies have suggested that the buddleoside-rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (BUDE) can reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, its effect on MH and how it works remains to be researched. In this study, it was observed that BUDE could lower blood pressure, improve dyslipidemia, and decrease the level of plasma LPS in MH rats. Moreover, BUDE improved intestinal flora and increased the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the colon, and improved the pathological injury of the colon. Western bolt and qRT-PCR experiments showed that BUDE could down-regulate TLR4 and MyD88 protein and mRNA expression and inhibit phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB p65 in vessels of MH rats. These results showed that BUDE could regulate intestinal flora, improve intestinal barrier function, reduce the production and penetration of LPS, thereby inhibiting the vascular TLR4/MyD88 pathway, improving vascular endothelial function, and ultimately lowering blood pressure in MH rats. This study provides a new mechanism of BUDE against MH by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qiu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Di Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Shuang Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Robert P, Nguyen PMC, Richard A, Grenier C, Chevrollier A, Munier M, Grimaud L, Proux C, Champin T, Lelièvre E, Sarzi E, Vessières E, Henni S, Prunier D, Reynier P, Lenaers G, Fassot C, Henrion D, Loufrani L. Protective role of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 in hypertension. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21678. [PMID: 34133045 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000238rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vascular cells. Mitochondria undergo fusion and fission, a process playing a role in mitochondrial function. OPA1 is essential for mitochondrial fusion. Loss of OPA1 is associated with ROS production and cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that mitochondria fusion could reduce oxidative stress that defect in fusion would exacerbate hypertension. Using (a) Opa1 haploinsufficiency in isolated resistance arteries from Opa1+/- mice, (b) primary vascular cells from Opa1+/- mice, and (c) RNA interference experiments with siRNA against Opa1 in vascular cells, we investigated the role of mitochondria fusion in hypertension. In hypertension, Opa1 haploinsufficiency induced altered mitochondrial cristae structure both in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells but did not modify protein level of long and short forms of OPA1. In addition, we demonstrated an increase of mitochondrial ROS production, associated with a decrease of superoxide dismutase 1 protein expression. We also observed an increase of apoptosis in vascular cells and a decreased VSMCs proliferation. Blood pressure, vascular contractility, as well as endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation were similar in Opa1+/- , WT, L-NAME-treated Opa1+/- and WT mice. Nevertheless, chronic NO-synthase inhibition with L-NAME induced a greater hypertension in Opa1+/- than in WT mice without compensatory arterial wall hypertrophy. This was associated with a stronger reduction in endothelium-dependent relaxation due to excessive ROS production. Our results highlight the protective role of mitochondria fusion in the vasculature during hypertension by limiting mitochondria ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Robert
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Phuc Minh Chau Nguyen
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Alexis Richard
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Céline Grenier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Munier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Coralyne Proux
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Tristan Champin
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Eric Lelièvre
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sarzi
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier-INSERM U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Vessières
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Samir Henni
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Delphine Prunier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Guys Lenaers
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Fassot
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- MITOVASC Institute and CARFI Facility, University of Angers, Angers, France
- UMR CNRS 6015, Angers, France
- INSERM U1083, Angers, France
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Lari A, Fatahi S, Sohouli MH, Shidfar F. The Impact of Chromium Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta‑Analysis of Randomized‑Controlled Trials. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:333-342. [PMID: 34081296 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Potential effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) have been examined in several interventional studies. Nevertheless, findings in this context are controversial. AIM Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of chromium supplementation on BP. METHODS Five online databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed were systematically searched from inception to March 2020. We included all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of chromium supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in humans. RESULTS The random-effects meta-analysis of 11 eligible RCTs with 637 participants demonstrated the significant decline in both SBP (WMD - 2.51 mmHg; 95% CI - 4.97 to - 0.05, p = 0.04) and DBP (WMD - 1.04 mmHg; 95% CI - 1.96 to - 0.12, p = 0.026) following supplementation with chromium. In subgroup analysis, studies that were administered chromium yeast and brewer's yeast, showed greater decrease in SBP. Also, in stratification based on participants' health status, significant reduction in SBP only was seen in diabetic patients with chronic heart disease (CHD). Nonlinear dose-response analysis revealed a significant influence of chromium dosage on SBP changes. CONCLUSION The current meta-analysis, indicated that supplementation with chromium significantly decrease SBP and DBP. In subgroup analysis, administration of chromium yeast and brewer's yeast resulted in greater reduction in SBP. Further large-scale RCTs with better design are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Lari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
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Jung R, Wild J, Ringen J, Karbach S, Wenzel P. Innate Immune Mechanisms of Arterial Hypertension and Autoimmune Disease. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:143-153. [PMID: 32930786 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is indispensable in the development of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. The interplay between immune cells and the vasculature, kidneys, heart, and blood pressure regulating nuclei in the central nervous system results in a complex and closely interwoven relationship of the immune system with arterial hypertension. A better understanding of this interplay is necessary for optimized and individualized antihypertensive therapy. Our review article focuses on innate cells in hypertension and to what extent they impact on development and preservation of elevated blood pressure. Moreover, we address the association of hypertension with chronic autoimmune diseases. The latter are ideally suited to learn about immune-mediated mechanisms in cardiovascular disease leading to high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Ringen
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
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17
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Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Ramírez-Vélez R, Norkiene S, Dâmaso A, de Piano Ganen A, Masquio DCL, Rauckienė-Michaelsson A, Mota J, Santos R. Association of Adipocytokines and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Blood Pressure in Adolescents: A Longitudinal Analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2296-2302. [PMID: 32912795 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several cross-sectional, but few prospective, studies suggest that inflammation may be involved in the development of high blood pressure. We examined markers of inflammation for their associations with blood pressure levels over a two-year period in healthy adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS The sample comprised 406 adolescents (209 girls) aged 12-18 years in the LabMed Physical Activity Study were followed-up for 2 years. Anthropometric (weigh, height, BMI), markers of inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, complement factors C3 and C4, fibrinogen, leptin and adiponectin) and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) were collected. Socioeconomic status, pubertal development, adherence to Mediterranean diet and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured for adjustment for potential confounders. Adjusted linear regression models revealed a significant association of Leptin/Adiponectin (L/A) Ratio (baseline) with systolic BP (β = 0.120; p < 0.034) and with diastolic BP (β = 0.125; p < 0.036) at follow-up (full adjusted model). Leptin was associated with systolic BP at follow-up (β = 0.102; p < 0.038) after adjustment for systolic BP at baseline, height, pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, adherence to Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, however, not independently of BMI. CONCLUSION L/A ratio was positively associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP even after adjusting confounding variables. Therefore, a higher misbalance between leptin and adiponectin (higher L/A ratio) early adolescence may exert a negative effect BP levels in late adolescence regardless of several confounders factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA)-Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Ana Dâmaso
- Federal University of São Paulo - Paulista Medicine School Graduate Program in Nutrition, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Piano Ganen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Lithuania; São Camilo University Center - Professional Master in Nutrition: From Birth to Adolescence, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Deborah C Landi Masquio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Lithuania; São Camilo University Center - Professional Master in Nutrition: From Birth to Adolescence, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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18
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Jiang L, Rong A, Wei R, Diao J, Ding H, Wang W. Tear proteomics of orbital decompression for disfiguring exophthalmos in inactive thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 33178351 PMCID: PMC7654220 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress and achievements that have been made in tear proteomics in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) are critical for exploring the pathogenesis of TAO and investigating potential therapeutic targets. However, the tear proteomics of orbital decompression for disfiguring exophthalmos in inactive TAO have yet to be properly investigated. In the present study, orbital decompression was performed to repair disfiguring exophthalmos in patients with inactive TAO. Tears were collected before and after orbital decompression in patients with inactive TAO. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to explore the changes in tear proteomics. Bioinformatics analyses were then employed to analyze the functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) identified by LC-MS/MS. The palpebral fissure height and exophthalmia area were significantly restored after 1 month of orbital decompression such that they approached the normal levels identified in healthy eyeballs. Among the 669 proteins identified by LC-MS/MS, 83 proteins were changed significantly between the preoperative and postoperative stages in inactive TAO patients and healthy control individuals. The DEPs were predicted to be involved in numerous signaling pathways. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that pathways associated with the immune system, metabolism, programmed cell death, vesicle-mediated transport, neuronal system and extracellular matrix organization may fulfill significant roles in orbital decompression in patients with inactive TAO. Taken together, these results provided a preliminary understanding of the mechanism of orbital decompression for disfiguring exophthalmos in inactive TAO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Ao Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medicine University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Diao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medicine University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhabei Central Hospital, Jingan District, Shanghai 200070, P.R. China
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Protective Effect of Astragaloside IV on High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via Inhibition of P2X7R Dependent P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5070415. [PMID: 33014270 PMCID: PMC7512101 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes. Astragaloside IV (As-IV) is a bioactive saponin with therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory and antiendothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism for how As-IV ameliorated endothelial dysfunction is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the protective effect of As-IV against endothelial dysfunction and explored potential molecular biology mechanism. In vivo, rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight to establish a diabetic model. In vitro studies, rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOEC) were pretreated with As-IV, SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) for 2 h prior to the addition of high glucose (33 mM glucose). Our findings indicated that As-IV improved impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased the levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, As-IV treatment inhibited the elevated inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic model both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, As-IV administration reversed the upregulated expression of P2X7R and p-p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, the effects of both P2X7R siRNA and SB203580 on endothelial cells were similar to As-IV. Collectively, our study demonstrated that As-IV rescued endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose via inhibition of P2X7R dependent p38 MAPK signaling pathway. This provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the vascular endothelial protective effects of As-IV.
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20
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Chaddha A, Broytman O, Teodorescu M. Effects of allergic airway inflammation and chronic intermittent hypoxia on systemic blood pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R566-R574. [PMID: 32903041 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00325.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent chronic conditions, and both are associated with systemic hypertension. Additionally, asthma and OSA reciprocally interact, mutually exacerbating each other. In this study, we tested the effect of allergen-induced lower airway inflammation and concurrent chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on systemic blood pressure (BP), pulmonary function, and proinflammatory cytokines, in a rat model. Brown Norway rats were exposed to 43 days of normoxia (NORM) or CIH, concurrent with weekly house dust mite (HDM) challenges. BP was measured 1 day after the last HDM challenge. On day 44, pulmonary function was tested, and blood for Th-2 and Th-1 cytokine levels was collected. HDM significantly increased mean (P = 0.002), systolic (P = 0.003), and diastolic (P = 0.004) BP compared with saline-challenged controls. Higher mean BP significantly correlated to increased total respiratory system resistance (R2 = 0.266, P = 0.002), driven by an association with parenchymal tissue dampening (R2 = 0.166, P = 0.016). HDM relative to saline-challenged controls increased the expression of serum IL-6 (P = 0.008), but no relationships of systemic BP with IL-6 or any other cytokines were found. CIH did not alter the allergen-induced responses on BP, although it tended to increase the expression of serum IL-6 (P = 0.06) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, P = 0.09), regardless of HDM challenge. Chronic allergen-induced airway inflammation results in systemic hypertension that is correlated to the degree of distal airway obstruction induced by the allergen. These effects do not appear to be explained by the associated systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Chaddha
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Broytman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mihaela Teodorescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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21
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Chang M, Qiu F, Lan N, Zhang T, Guo X, Jin Q, Liu R, Wang X. Analysis of Phytochemical Composition ofCamellia oleiferaOil and Evaluation of its Anti‐Inflammatory Effect in Lipopolysaccharide‐StimulatedRAW264.7 Macrophages. Lipids 2020; 55:353-363. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Fangcheng Qiu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Niannian Lan
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu Province 214122 PR China
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22
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Association of Hypertension and Obesity with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Children Aged 6-9 Years Old in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7040025. [PMID: 32231008 PMCID: PMC7230217 DOI: 10.3390/children7040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are known to begin early in life, but limited data on the relationship of obesity and hypertension with other known CVD risk factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation is available on children. In this cross-sectional study involving 6–9 years old school children aged from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa the relationship between obesity/hypertension and other risk factors for CVDs was investigated. General anthropometric parameters were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Urine samples were collected for the determination of albumin, creatinine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS). Overweight/obesity (19.28%) and pre-hypertension/hypertension (42.16%) were prevalent in children. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), a marker of obesity, was positively correlated with ADMA, while ADMA and PWV were significantly different (p < 0.05) between hypertensive and normotensive children. Also, TBARS and 8-OHdG were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in hypertensive subjects. Creatinine was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in obese, as well as in hypertensive children, and positively associated with waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC). In conclusion, obesity and hypertension were associated with renal-cardiovascular disease risk, while oxidative stress showed a possible association with obesity in 6 to 9 year old South African children of African descent. This suggests that South African children of African descent may be becoming more prone to developing CVDs, and therefore may require early intervention for the prevention of CVDs in the near future.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize recent epidemiological data (2014-2019) that examine the association of sleep variability with blood pressure (BP), discuss potential underlying mechanisms, and highlight future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS Higher standard deviations of sleep duration and sleep-onset timing were not related to BP. However, a higher Sleep Regularity Index score was associated with lower odds of hypertension. Studies on social jetlag, a prevalent form of sleep variability, reported null associations. In contrast, lower interdaily stability in circadian rest-activity rhythms, a measure of invariability in sleep-wake cycles between days and synchronization to light and dark cycles, was associated with higher BP and greater hypertension odds, particularly among non-shift workers. Sleep variability is consistently associated with risk factors for hypertension. Evidence on sleep variability and BP is limited and varies depending on the measure used to characterize day-to-day variability in sleep. Studies that identify and utilize a standard definition of sleep variability, incorporate a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and ensure coinciding timing of sleep and BP measurements are necessary to disentangle these relationships.
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24
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Ghazi L, Baker JV, Sharma S, Jain MK, Palfreeman A, Necsoi C, Murray DD, Neaton JD, Drawz PE. Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Prevalence and Incidence of Hypertension Among HIV-Positive Participants in the START Trial. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:43-52. [PMID: 31800000 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between hypertension (HTN) and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]) in HIV-positive persons with CD4+ count >500 cells/mm3 is unknown. METHODS We studied HTN in participants of the Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial of immediate vs. deferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive, ART naive adults with CD4+ count > 500 cells/mm3. HTN was defined as having a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg, a diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or using BP-lowering therapy. Logistic and discrete Cox regression models were used to study the association between baseline biomarker levels with prevalent and incident HTN. RESULTS Among 4,249 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease, the median age was 36 years, 55% were nonwhite, and the prevalence of HTN at baseline was 18.9%. After adjustment for race, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, smoking, HIV RNA and CD4+ levels, associations of IL-6 and hsCRP with HTN prevalence were not significant (OR per twofold higher:1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99, 1.20 for IL-6 and 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.10 for hsCRP). Overall incidence of HTN was 6.8 cases/100 person years. In similarly adjusted models, neither IL-6 (Hazard ratios [HR] per twofold higher IL-6 levels: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.08) nor hsCRP (HR per twofold higher hsCRP levels: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.02) were associated with risk of incident HTN. Associations did not differ by treatment group. Age, race, gender, and BMI were significantly associated with both the prevalence and incidence of HTN. CONCLUSIONS Traditional risk factors and not baseline levels of IL-6 or hsCRP were associated with the prevalence and incidence of HTN in START.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Ghazi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason V Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mamta K Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adrian Palfreeman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Coca Necsoi
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU St-Pierre, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Daniel D Murray
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James D Neaton
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul E Drawz
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abachi S, Bazinet L, Beaulieu L. Antihypertensive and Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Peptides from Fish as Potential Cardioprotective Compounds. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E613. [PMID: 31671730 PMCID: PMC6891548 DOI: 10.3390/md17110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The term metabolic/cardiometabolic/insulin resistance syndrome could generally be defined as the co-occurrence of several risk factors inclusive of systemic arterial hypertension. Not only that organizations, such as the world health organization (WHO) have identified high blood pressure as one of the main risk factors of the cardiometabolic syndrome, but there is also a link between the occurrence of insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension that would consequently lead to type-2 diabetes (T2D). Hypertension is medicated by various classes of synthetic drugs; however, severe or mild adverse effects have been repeatedly reported. To avoid and reduce these adverse effects, natural alternatives, such as bioactive peptides derived from different sources have drawn the attention of researchers. Among all types of biologically active peptides inclusive of marine-derived ones, this paper's focus would solely be on fish and fishery by-processes' extracted peptides and products. Isolation and fractionation processes of these products alongside their structural, compositional and digestion stability characteristics have likewise been briefly discussed to better address the structure-activity relationship, expanding the reader's knowledge on research and discovery trend of fish antihypertensive biopeptides. Furthermore, drug-likeness of selected biopeptides was predicted by Lipinski's rules to differentiate a drug-like biopeptide from nondrug-like one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Frequency of Polymorphic Options G894T Genotype of Endothelial NO-synthase in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Surface Mass of the Type. Fam Med 2019. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.3.2019.178586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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A clinical model for identifying an inflammatory phenotype in mood disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:148-158. [PMID: 30954775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, clinical research has found inflammatory correlates of psychiatric disorders, particularly mood symptomatology. Biological measures may provide greater precision in many cases and may capture clinically-relevant inflammatory signposts, such as central obesity risk, inflammation-associated co-morbid medical conditions, or proinflammatory lifestyle choices. In order to expand understanding of the role of inflammation in mood disorders, we propose a more inclusive clinical model for capturing an inflammatory phenotype of depression by identifying clinically-relevant inflammatory phenotypes grounded in biology. Our model includes chronic conditions and lifestyle behaviors associated with clinically elevated inflammation in mood disorders. Elements of this "inflamed depression" model include: obesity, low HDL concentrations, elevated triglyceride concentrations, chronically elevated blood pressure, clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism, migraines, rheumatoid arthritis, adult onset diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, inflammatory skin conditions, and lifestyle factors including smoking cigarettes and chronic stress.
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28
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McKelvey LM, Saccente JE, Swindle TM. Adverse Childhood Experiences in Infancy and Toddlerhood Predict Obesity and Health Outcomes in Middle Childhood. Child Obes 2019; 15:206-215. [PMID: 30762431 PMCID: PMC7001385 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study articulated the negative effects of childhood trauma on adult weight and health. The purpose of the current study is to examine the associations between ACEs in infancy and toddlerhood and obesity and related health indicators in middle childhood. METHODS We used data collected from a sample of low-income families enrolled in the national evaluation of Early Head Start (EHS). Data come from 1335 demographically diverse families collected at or near children's ages 1, 2, 3, and 11. An EHS-ACE index was created based on interview and observation items from data collected at ages 1, 2, and 3, which were averaged to represent exposure across infancy and toddlerhood. At age 11, children's height and weight were measured and parents were asked about their child's health. RESULTS Children were exposed at rates of 30%, 28%, 15%, and 8% to one, two, three, and four or more EHS-ACEs, respectively. Logistic regressions revealed significant associations between EHS-ACEs in infancy/toddlerhood and obesity, respiratory problems, taking regular nonattention-related prescriptions, and the parent's global rating of children's health at age 11. Across all outcomes examined, children with four or more ACEs had the poorest health. Compared with children with no ACE exposure, the odds of each of the examined health outcomes were over twice as high for children who experienced four or more ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that ACEs experienced very early in development are associated with children whose health is at risk later in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M. McKelvey
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Jennifer E. Saccente
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Taren M. Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
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30
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Smykiewicz P, Segiet A, Keag M, Żera T. Proinflammatory cytokines and ageing of the cardiovascular-renal system. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Compound K Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Raw 264.7 Cell Line and Zebrafish. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Bhasin MK, Denninger JW, Huffman JC, Joseph MG, Niles H, Chad-Friedman E, Goldman R, Buczynski-Kelley B, Mahoney BA, Fricchione GL, Dusek JA, Benson H, Zusman RM, Libermann TA. Specific Transcriptome Changes Associated with Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients After Relaxation Response Training. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:486-504. [PMID: 29616846 PMCID: PMC5961875 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mind-body practices that elicit the relaxation response (RR) have been demonstrated to reduce blood pressure (BP) in essential hypertension (HTN) and may be an adjunct to antihypertensive drug therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the RR reduces BP remain undefined. DESIGN Genomic determinants associated with responsiveness to an 8-week RR-based mind-body intervention for lowering HTN in 13 stage 1 hypertensive patients classified as BP responders and 11 as nonresponders were identified. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified 1771 genes regulated by the RR in responders. Biological process- and pathway-based analysis of transcriptome data demonstrated enrichment in the following gene categories: immune regulatory pathways and metabolism (among downregulated genes); glucose metabolism, cardiovascular system development, and circadian rhythm (among upregulated genes). Further in silico estimation of cell abundance from the microarray data showed enrichment of the anti-inflammatory M2 subtype of macrophages in BP responders. Nuclear factor-κB, vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin were critical molecules emerging from interactive network analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first insights into the molecular mechanisms that are associated with the beneficial effects of the RR on HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Bhasin
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - John W. Denninger
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeff C. Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marie G. Joseph
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Halsey Niles
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emma Chad-Friedman
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Roberta Goldman
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Beverly Buczynski-Kelley
- Department of Medicine, Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center, Cardiology Division, Section on Hypertension, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Barbara A. Mahoney
- Department of Medicine, Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center, Cardiology Division, Section on Hypertension, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory L. Fricchione
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffery A. Dusek
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Integrative Health Research Center, Penny George Institute for Health and Healing, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Herbert Benson
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Randall M. Zusman
- Department of Medicine, Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center, Cardiology Division, Section on Hypertension, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Towia A. Libermann
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Abdallah M, Marzocco S, Adesso S, Zarrouk M, Guerfel M. Olive oil polyphenols extracts inhibit inflammatory markers in J774A.1 murine macrophages and scavenge free radicals. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:1-10. [PMID: 29128095 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Here we evaluate the olive oil antiradical and anti-inflammatory potential through its polyphenols extracts and examine the influence of olive maturity on olive oil quality properties, polyphenols composition and biological potentials. Samples have been obtained from minor Tunisian olive cultivars (Chemchali, Fouji and Zarrazi) at different maturity indices. Principal quality properties were evaluated and polyphenols analysis was carried out by Folin Ciocalteu reagent and HPLC-UV-MS. Antiradical activity was examined by DPPH and FRAP scavenging assays while J774A.1 murine macrophages were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory potential by analyzing NO production with Griess reagent method and iNOS and COX-2 expression by cytofluorimetric analysis. Our results revealed that quality characteristics, total phenol content, as well as phenolic compound concentrations were significantly affected by the olive maturity levels. On the other hand, the polyphenols extracts showed an interesting radical scavenging capacity and a potential ability to inhibit inflammatory markers at 90% for NO release and 75% for iNOS expression. Thus, our study establishes that olive oil through its polyphenols extracts has a substantial antiradical and anti-inflammatory potential. Likewise a lot of attention should be attributed to olive ripening level in order to decide the optimum harvesting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdallah
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of sciences of Tunis, Campus University, Tunis 1060, Tunisia; Laboratory of biotechnology of olive, Center of biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mokhtar Zarrouk
- Laboratory of biotechnology of olive, Center of biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Guerfel
- Laboratory of biotechnology of olive, Center of biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Chu YH, Chen SY, Hsieh YL, Teng YH, Cheng YJ. Low-level laser therapy prevents endothelial cells from TNF-α/cycloheximide-induced apoptosis. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:279-286. [PMID: 29098460 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), widely used in physiotherapy, has been known to enhance wound healing and stimulate cell proliferation, including fibroblast and endothelial cells. Applying LLLT can increase cell proliferation in many kinds of cells including fibroblasts and endothelial cells. However, the protective mechanisms of LLLT on endothelial apoptosis remain unclear. We hypothesized LLLT can protect endothelial cells from inflammation-induced apoptosis. Human endothelial cell line, EA.hy926 cells, and TNF-α/cycloheximide (TNF/CHX) were used to explore the protective effects of LLLT (660 nm) on inflammation-induced endothelial apoptosis. Cell viability, apoptosis, caspase-3/7/8/9 activity, MAPKs signaling, NF-κB activity, and inducible/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/eNOS) expression were measured. Our results showed that LLLT increased EA.hy926 cell proliferation, attenuated the TNF/CHX-induced apoptosis, and reduced the TNF/CHX-mediated caspase-3/7/8/9 activation. In addition, LLLT increased ERK MAPK phosphorylation and suppressed the TNF/CHX-increased p38 MAPK, JNK, IKK phosphorylation, NF-κB translocation, and iNOS expression. The caspases-3 cleavage and cell death were not increased in cells treating with ERK inhibitor U0126, which implicated that ERK is not to be responsible for the protective effects of LLLT. After treating with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activator, the protection of LLLT in cell apoptosis was no longer existed, showing that LLLT protected the endothelial cells by suppressing p38 MAPK signaling. Our results provide a new insight into the possible molecular mechanisms in which LLLT protects against inflammatory-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiu Chu
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ya Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Teng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Brain Research and Disease Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic inflammation is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and inequalities by race/ethnicity, gender, and education have been documented. However, there is incomplete knowledge as to how these disparities present across age, especially in late life. This study assesses whether differences in C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, are contingent on age among older persons. METHOD Data are from the 2006/2008 Health and Retirement Study ( n = 10,974) biomarker assessment. CRP was regressed on interactions between age and other status characteristics. RESULTS Racial/ethnic differences in inflammation do not vary significantly by age. However, gender and education differences are greatest at younger ages and then narrow steadily with increasing age. DISCUSSION There is considerable heterogeneity in how disparities in inflammation present across age and characteristics such as race/ethnicity, gender, and education. Understanding status differences in the influence of age on factors affecting late-life health is useful for health disparities research.
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36
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Anderson WD, DeCicco D, Schwaber JS, Vadigepalli R. A data-driven modeling approach to identify disease-specific multi-organ networks driving physiological dysregulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005627. [PMID: 28732007 PMCID: PMC5521738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple physiological systems interact throughout the development of a complex disease. Knowledge of the dynamics and connectivity of interactions across physiological systems could facilitate the prevention or mitigation of organ damage underlying complex diseases, many of which are currently refractory to available therapeutics (e.g., hypertension). We studied the regulatory interactions operating within and across organs throughout disease development by integrating in vivo analysis of gene expression dynamics with a reverse engineering approach to infer data-driven dynamic network models of multi-organ gene regulatory influences. We obtained experimental data on the expression of 22 genes across five organs, over a time span that encompassed the development of autonomic nervous system dysfunction and hypertension. We pursued a unique approach for identification of continuous-time models that jointly described the dynamics and structure of multi-organ networks by estimating a sparse subset of ∼12,000 possible gene regulatory interactions. Our analyses revealed that an autonomic dysfunction-specific multi-organ sequence of gene expression activation patterns was associated with a distinct gene regulatory network. We analyzed the model structures for adaptation motifs, and identified disease-specific network motifs involving genes that exhibited aberrant temporal dynamics. Bioinformatic analyses identified disease-specific single nucleotide variants within or near transcription factor binding sites upstream of key genes implicated in maintaining physiological homeostasis. Our approach illustrates a novel framework for investigating the pathogenesis through model-based analysis of multi-organ system dynamics and network properties. Our results yielded novel candidate molecular targets driving the development of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and immune dysfunction. Complex diseases such as hypertension often involve maladaptive autonomic nervous system control over the cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, immune, and endocrine systems. We studied the pathogenesis of physiological homeostasis by examining the temporal dynamics of gene expression levels from multiple organs in an animal model of autonomic dysfunction characterized by cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysregulation, and immune system aberrations. We employed a data-driven modeling approach to jointly predict continuous gene expression dynamics and gene regulatory interactions across organs in the disease and control phenotypes. We combined our analyses of multi-organ gene regulatory network dynamics and connectivity with bioinformatic analyses of genetic mutations that could regulate gene expression. Our multi-organ modeling approach to investigate the mechanisms of complex disease pathogenesis revealed novel candidates for therapeutic interventions against the development and progression of complex diseases involving autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren D. Anderson
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle DeCicco
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James S. Schwaber
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- * E-mail:
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37
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Mathis KW, Taylor EB, Ryan MJ. Anti-CD3 antibody therapy attenuates the progression of hypertension in female mice with systemic lupus erythematosus. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:252-257. [PMID: 28400152 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with prevalent hypertension that significantly contributes to the mortality in this patient population. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests that anti-CD3 antibody therapy may attenuate the development of autoimmune diseases like SLE. However, it is unclear whether this treatment impacts the development of the prevalent hypertension associated with SLE. The present study was designed to determine whether anti-CD3 antibody treatment attenuates the progression of hypertension in female SLE mice with already established renal disease (albuminuria ≥100mg/dL). Female SLE (NZBWF1) and control (NZW) mice were administered either an antibody to CD3ε, a component of the T cell receptor complex expressed on all T cells, or IgG antibody (isotype control) for up to 4 weeks (intranasal; 25μg/week). Spleen weight was lower in SLE mice treated with anti-CD3 antibody than in IgG-treated SLE mice, suggesting that immune system hyperactivity is decreased. Circulating anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were increased in SLE mice compared to controls and were blunted in the anti-CD3-treated SLE mice. The development of hypertension was attenuated in anti-CD3 treated mice with SLE independently of changes in renal injury (assessed by urinary albumin). These data suggest anti-CD3 therapy during autoimmune disease may have added clinical benefit to attenuate cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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38
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Lee SW, Kim HC, Lee JM, Yun YM, Lee JY, Suh I. Association between changes in systolic blood pressure and incident diabetes in a community-based cohort study in Korea. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:710-716. [PMID: 28250411 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An association between hypertension and diabetes has been reported; however, the temporal relationship of blood pressure changes and incident diabetes has not been fully investigated in the general population. We examined whether increasing blood pressure is associated with the risk of developing diabetes among community-dwelling Korean adults. This study included 2225 participants (859 men and 1366 women) aged 27-87 years from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. The participants were free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose⩾126 mg dl-1 or hemoglobin a1c ⩾6.5% (48 mmol mol-1) at follow-up examination and/or a physician's diagnosis of diabetes during the follow-up period. The effects of the baseline level and change in blood pressure on the risk of incident diabetes were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. During the mean follow-up of 2.6 years, new-onset diabetes was observed in 5.0% (43/859) of the men and 3.4% (47/1366) of the women. In the multivariate model, the baseline systolic blood pressure was not significantly associated with incident diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 0.93 per 10 mmHg, P=0.747). However, an increase in systolic blood pressure during the follow-up period was independently associated with incident diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 5.53 per 5 mmHg per year, P=0.002) after adjusting for the baseline blood pressure and other potential confounders. Increasing blood pressure, but not a high baseline blood pressure, was independently associated with the risk of diabetes in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Yun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Suh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tanabe A, Asayama K, Hanazawa T, Watabe D, Nomura K, Okamura T, Ohkubo T, Imai Y. Left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram as a predictor of success in home blood pressure control: HOMED-BP study. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:504-510. [PMID: 28077858 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the effect of organ damage on achievement of long-term home blood pressure (BP) control. Based on the nationwide home BP-based trial data, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with home BP control, in particular, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using the electrocardiogram in patients who started antihypertensive drug treatment. According to the trial protocol, we defined BP as controlled when systolic home BP reached specified targets (125-134 mm Hg in usual control (UC), n=1261; <125 mm Hg in tight control (TC), n=1288). At baseline, before drug treatment started, the mean Sokolow-Lyon voltage was 2.57±0.87 mV, and the mean Cornell product was 1573±705 mm·ms. The numbers of patients who achieved the target BP level in the UC and TC groups were 892 (70.7%) and 576 (44.7%), respectively. In both the UC and TC groups, systolic home BP at baseline was significantly lower in patients who achieved target levels than in those who did not achieve target levels (P<0.0001). Sokolow-Lyon voltage was significantly lower in patients who achieved target levels than in those who did not (P⩽0.0055). The Cornell product levels in each group were similar (P⩾0.12), although significantly different between patients who did or did not achieve the target level when the UC and TC groups were combined for analysis (P=0.031). Sokolow-Lyon voltage was significantly associated with achievement of home BP control in the multivariable-adjusted model (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence intervals, 1.02-1.26; P=0.015), but Cornell product was not (P=0.13). These results indicate the difficulty of sufficient antihypertensive treatment when untreated patients had target organ damage, that is, LVH diagnosed by Sokolow-Lyon voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Tanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Asayama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Hanazawa
- Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Japan Development and Medical Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline KK, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watabe
- Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
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40
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TANG YM, WANG DG, LI J, LI XH, WANG Q, LIU N, LIU WT, LI YX. Relationships between micronutrient losses in sweat and blood pressure among heat-exposed steelworkers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:215-223. [PMID: 27087421 PMCID: PMC4939859 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the effect of micronutrient losses through sweat on blood pressure (BP) among heat-exposed steelworkers. A total of 224 heat-exposed male steelworkers from an ironworks facility were evaluated in July 2012. We measured the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index to evaluate the level of heat stress in the workplace. We collected sweat from the workers during an eight-hour work, and then we measured the micronutrients in the sweat. We also measured the BP of each worker. The results revealed that vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat were positively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (all P<0.05). A linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that potassium, and calcium losses in sweat adversely affected SBP and DBP (all P<0.05). An analysis of covariance showed that SBP increased when potassium or calcium losses in sweat were >900 mg, or >100 mg, respectively. Further, DBP increased when potassium or calcium losses in sweat were >600 mg or >130 mg, respectively. Therefore, vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat may adversely effect BP. To help steelworkers maintain healthy BP, facilities with high temperatures should try to lower environmental temperatures to reduce vitamin C, potassium, and calcium losses in sweat. Additionally, heat-exposed steelworkers may need to increase their dietary intakes of vitamin C, potassium, and calcium. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and support these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Mei TANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Dao-Gang WANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Qingbaijiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun LI
- Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xing-Hua LI
- Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Corporation Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Qian WANG
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Nan LIU
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Hebei Coal Mine Health and Safety Laboratory, Tangshan, China
| | - Wei-Tian LIU
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying-Xue LI
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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41
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Deeb RS, Hajjar DP. Repair Mechanisms in Oxidant-Driven Chronic Inflammatory Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1736-1749. [PMID: 27171899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay that governs chronic diseases through pathways specifically associated with chronic inflammation remains undefined. Many metabolic events have been identified during the injury and repair process. Nonetheless, the cellular events that control the pathogenesis of inflammation-induced disease have not been fully characterized. We and others reason that chronic inflammatory diseases associated with a cascade of complex network mediators, such as nitric oxide, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, play a significant role in the governance of alterations in homeostasis, oxidative stress, and thromboatherosclerosis. In this context, we discuss lipid mediators associated with the maintenance of health, including the specialized proresolving mediators that help drive cellular repair. Emphasis is placed on the pathophysiology of chronic metabolic insults involving both the airways and the cardiovascular system during oxidant-driven inflammatory disease. In this review, we highlight new pathways of inquiry that show promise for the identification of those metabolic targets that can improve therapy for chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba S Deeb
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
| | - David P Hajjar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York.
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42
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Ambarkar M, Pemmaraju SVLN, Gouroju S, Manohar SM, Bitla AR, Yajamanam N, Vishnubhotla S. Adipokines and their Relation to Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:BC04-8. [PMID: 26894055 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15867.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a key element in connecting kidney disease to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular (CV) complications. Further, inflammation is implicated in ED in CKD. Besides these, adipose tissue factors were thought to have a role in inflammation and ED in CKD. AIM It is proposed to evaluate the concentration changes of adipokines, inflammatory and ED markers in CKD patients compared to healthy controls. Further, to assess the associations between adipokines, inflammation and ED in CKD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 CKD patients were included and classified into 3 groups based on Glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Group I (n=40) patients had a GFR between 60-119 ml/min/1.73m(2) (stage I, II), group II (n=40) had 15-59 ml/min/1.73m(2) (stage III, IV) and group III (n=40) had <15 ml/min/1.73m(2) (stage V). Forty healthy subjects served as controls. Adiponectin, Leptin, Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated by ELISA. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was estimated by immunoturbidimetry and NO by Griess method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference in variables between controls and CKD patients. One-way ANOVA Kruskalwallis test was used for comparison of variables between groups in CKD patients. Spearman's rank correlation was used to explore the associations between variables. Simple univariate linear regression analysis was used to predict the value of variable from another variable. RESULTS A significant increase in leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, hsCRP and decrease in adiponectin, IL-10, NO was observed in CKD patients compared to controls (p<0.05). In CKD patients, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, TNF-α were significantly increased and IL-10 levels were decreased from group I to group III (p<0.05). In group III CKD patients IL-6 showed a significant negative correlation with NO (r=-0.557; p=0.005). In linear regression analysis also, IL-6 showed a significant negative association with NO (B±SE=-0.038±0.11; p=0.002) in CKD patients. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that adipokine levels are altered from initial to final stages of CKD due to renal dysfunction which in association with an exaggerated inflammation may contribute to the ED and CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Ambarkar
- PhD Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasarao V L N Pemmaraju
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakrishna Gouroju
- Phd Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suchitra M Manohar
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna R Bitla
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naresh Yajamanam
- Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sivakumar Vishnubhotla
- Professor and Head, Department of Nephrology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) , Alipiri Road, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Increased concentration of circulating visfatin associates with post-challenged hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in IGT subjects. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Babbitt DM, Kim JS, Forrester SJ, Brown MD, Park JY. Effect of Interleukin-10 and Laminar Shear Stress on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide in African American Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Ethn Dis 2015; 25:413-8. [PMID: 26674844 DOI: 10.18865/ed.25.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans have a predisposition to heightened systemic inflammation and a high prevalence of hypertension. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and laminar shear stress (LSS) on African American endothelial cells by measuring total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and its phosphorylated form (p-eNOS) at Serine 1177, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, in response to IL-10 incubation and high physiological levels of LSS, used as an in vitro mimetic for aerobic exercise training (AEXT). DESIGN Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from an African American donor were cultured. The experimental conditions included Static, Static with IL-10 Incubation, LSS at 20 dynes/cm², and LSS at 20 dynes/cm² with IL-10 Incubation. Western blotting was used to measure eNOS and p-eNOS protein expression in the cells. A modified Griess assay was used to measure NO metabolites in the cell culture media. RESULTS There were significant increases in p-eNOS, eNOS, and NO in the LSS at 20 dynes/cm² and LSS at 20 dynes/cm² with IL-10 Incubation experimental conditions when compared to the Static experimental condition. There were no other statistically significant differences demonstrating that IL-10 did not have an additive effect on eNOS activity in our study. CONCLUSION The significant increases in p-eNOS, eNOS, and NO as a result of LSS in African American HUVECs suggest that AEXT may be a viable, nonpharmacologic method to improve vascular inflammation status and vasodilation, and thereby contribute to hypertension reduction in the African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- 2. Department of Kinesiology, Temple University
| | | | - Michael D Brown
- 3. Vascular Health Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Joon-Young Park
- 2. Department of Kinesiology, Temple University ; 4.Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine
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Diaw M, Pialoux V, Martin C, Samb A, Diop S, Faes C, Mury P, Sall Diop N, Diop SN, Ranque B, Mbaye MN, Key NS, Connes P. Sickle Cell Trait Worsens Oxidative Stress, Abnormal Blood Rheology, and Vascular Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:2120-7. [PMID: 26324331 PMCID: PMC4613921 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is predicted that Africa will have the greatest increase in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within the next decade. T2DM patients are at risk for cardiovascular disorders. In Sub-Saharan African countries, sickle cell trait (SCT) is frequent. Despite the presence of modest abnormalities in hemorheology and oxidative stress, SCT is generally considered a benign condition. Little is known about vascular function in SCT, although recent studies demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including venous thromboembolism, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that SCT could accentuate the vascular dysfunction observed in T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The current study, conducted in Senegal, compared vascular function, hemorheological profile, and biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and nitric oxide metabolism in healthy individuals (CONT), subjects with T2DM or SCT, and patients with both T2DM and SCT (T2DM-SCT). RESULTS Flow-mediated dilation was blunted in individuals with T2DM, SCT, and T2DM-SCT compared with CONT, with vascular dysfunction being most pronounced in the latter group. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity measurements demonstrated increased arterial stiffness in T2DM-SCT. Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation (interleukin-1β) were greater in patients with T2DM-SCT compared with the other groups. Blood viscosity was higher in individuals with TD2M, SCT carriers, and individuals with T2DM-SCT, and the values were further increased in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate severe biological abnormalities and marked vascular dysfunction in patients with both T2DM and SCT. SCT should be viewed as a risk factor for further cardiovascular disorders in individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Diaw
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- CRIS EA 647 Laboratory, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- CRIS EA 647 Laboratory, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Abdoulaye Samb
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FMPO, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal UMI 3189, Environnement, Sante, Sociétés, CNRS, CNRST, Université Bamako-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Saliou Diop
- Laboratoire d'Hémato-Immunologie, FMPO, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Camille Faes
- CRIS EA 647 Laboratory, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Mury
- CRIS EA 647 Laboratory, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Niama Sall Diop
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, FMPO, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Saïd-Norou Diop
- Clinique Médicale II, Centre Hospitalier Abass Ndao, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Brigitte Ranque
- Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France UMR INSERM 970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Nigel S Key
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Philippe Connes
- CRIS EA 647 Laboratory, Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France Laboratory of Excellence in Red Blood Cell (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
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Mediators of the effect of body mass index on coronary heart disease: decomposing direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology 2015; 26:153-62. [PMID: 25643095 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising globally and together they constitute a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Previous estimates of direct effects of high body mass index (BMI) on CHD did not consider an interaction between BMI and its mediators and did not include inflammatory biomarkers as potential mediators. METHODS We analyzed data from 9 prospective cohort studies with 58,322 participants and 9,459 CHD events and decomposed the total effects into natural direct and indirect effects using a 2-stage regression model. We examined overweight (BMI = 25 to <30 kg/m) separately. We pooled hazard ratios using random-effects models and calculated the percentages of excess relative risk mediated by blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, fibrinogen and high-sensitive C-reactive protein. RESULTS There was no interaction between BMI and its mediators in the multiplicative scale (P < 0.05 for all). Blood pressure was the most important mediator. The percentage of excess relative risk of overweight (versus normal BMI, 20 to <25 kg/m) mediated was 28% for blood pressure, 10% for blood glucose, and 14% for cholesterol. The same percentages for obesity were 37% for blood pressure, 17% for blood glucose, and 6% for cholesterol. The percentage mediated through all three metabolic risk factors together was 47% (95% confidence interval = 33%-63%) for overweight and 52% (38%-68%) for obesity. Fibrinogen mediated 6% to 9% and high-sensitive C-reactive protein mediated 6% to 8% of the excess relative risk for overweight and obese participants. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic mediators explain about half of the adverse effects of high BMI on CHD. The role of inflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers is much smaller than that of metabolic factors.
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Effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on endothelial function: a fully controlled dietary intervention study. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1419-26. [PMID: 26343780 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High Na and low K intakes have adverse effects on blood pressure, which increases the risk for CVD. The role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in this pathophysiological process is not yet clear. In a randomised placebo-controlled cross-over study in untreated (pre)hypertensives, we examined the effects of Na and K supplementation on endothelial function and inflammation. During the study period, subjects were provided with a diet that contained 2·4 g/d of Na and 2·3 g/d of K for a 10 460 kJ (2500 kcal) intake. After 1-week run-in, subjects received capsules with supplemental Na (3·0 g/d), supplemental K (2·8 g/d) or placebo, for 4 weeks each, in random order. After each intervention, circulating biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation were measured. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and skin microvascular vasomotion were assessed in sub-groups of twenty-two to twenty-four subjects. Of thirty-seven randomised subjects, thirty-six completed the study. Following Na supplementation, serum endothelin-1 was increased by 0·24 pg/ml (95 % CI 0·03, 0·45), but no change was seen in other endothelial or inflammatory biomarkers. FMD and microvascular vasomotion were unaffected by Na supplementation. K supplementation reduced IL-8 levels by 0·28 pg/ml (95 % CI 0·03, 0·53), without affecting other circulating biomarkers. FMD was 1·16 % (95% CI 0·37, 1·96) higher after K supplementation than after placebo. Microvascular vasomotion was unaffected. In conclusion, a 4-week increase in Na intake increased endothelin-1, but had no effect on other endothelial or inflammatory markers. Increased K intake had a beneficial effect on FMD and possibly IL-8, without affecting other circulating endothelial or inflammatory biomarkers.
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Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu D, Zeybek C, Gök F, Pekel A, Muşabak U. Elevated Urinary T Helper 1 Chemokine Levels in Newly Diagnosed Hypertensive Obese Children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:175-82. [PMID: 26831550 PMCID: PMC4677551 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that T helper (Th) cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity and anti-hypertensive treatment on urinary Th1 chemokines. METHODS The study groups consisted of three types of patients: hypertensive obese, healthy, and non-hypertensive obese. Pre-treatment and post-treatment samples of the hypertensive obese group and one sample from the other two groups were evaluated for urinary chemokine: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP10), and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG). In the hypertensive obese group, urine microalbumin: creatinine ratio was examined before and after treatment. We recommended lifestyle changes to all patients. Captopril was started in those who could not be controlled with lifestyle changes and those who had stage 2 hypertension. RESULTS Twenty-four hypertensive obese (mean age 13.1), 27 healthy (mean age 11.2) and 22 non-hypertensive obese (mean age 11.5) children were investigated. The pre-treatment urine albumin: creatinine ratio was positively correlated with pre-treatment MIG levels (r=0.41, p<0.05). RANTES was significantly higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive and non-hypertensive obese group than in the controls. The urinary IP10 and MIG levels were higher in the pre-treatment hypertensive obese group than in the non-hypertensive obese. Comparison of the pre- and post-treatment values indicated significant decreases in RANTES, IP10, and MIG levels in the hypertensive obese group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Th1 cells could be activated in obese hypertensive children before the onset of clinical indicators of target organ damage. Urinary RANTES seemed to be affected by both hypertension and obesity, and urinary IP10 and MIG seemed to be affected predominantly by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Övünç Hacıhamdioğlu
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Training Hospital, Clinic of Child Health and Diseases, İstanbul, Turkey Phone: +90 216 542 20 20 E-mail:
| | - Cengiz Zeybek
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Faysal Gök
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Pekel
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Muşabak
- Gülhane Military Medical Academy Hospital, Department of Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
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Wolff M, Memon AA, Chalmers JP, Sundquist K, Midlöv P. Yoga's effect on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors in a high risk population - a controlled trial in primary care. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:91. [PMID: 26286137 PMCID: PMC4545550 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yoga can reduce blood pressure and has also been suggested to reduce inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to assess the benefit of two yoga interventions on inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic risk factors in a high risk population in primary care. Methods Adult patients from a health care center in Sweden, with diagnosed hypertension, were invited to undergo a baseline check at the health care center. Baseline check included standardized blood pressure measurement, BMI and weight circumference measurements, blood sampling (hs-CRP, IL-6, FP-glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, TG, LDL and HDL) and a questionnaire on self-rated quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). There were three groups: 1) yoga class with yoga instructor; 2) yoga at home; and 3) a control group. In total, 83 patients were included and matched at the group level for systolic blood pressure. A majority of the patients (92 %) were on antihypertensive medication, which they were requested not to change during the study. After 12 weeks of intervention, the assessments were performed again. Results We recorded no evidence that yoga altered inflammatory biomarkers or metabolic risk factors in our study population. A total of 49 participants (59 %) met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion The yoga interventions performed in our study did not affect inflammatory biomarkers or metabolic risk factors associated with CVD in the study population of primary care patients with hypertension. Further randomized trials are needed to elucidate the effects of yoga on CVD risk factors in this particular group. Trail registration NCT01302535, February 22, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Wolff
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - John P Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden. .,Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Patrik Midlöv
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Krishnan SM, Sobey CG, Latz E, Mansell A, Drummond GR. IL-1β and IL-18: inflammatory markers or mediators of hypertension? Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5589-602. [PMID: 25117218 PMCID: PMC4290704 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the kidneys and vascular wall is a major contributor to hypertension. However, the stimuli and cellular mechanisms responsible for such inflammatory responses remain poorly defined. Inflammasomes are crucial initiators of sterile inflammation in other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. These pattern recognition receptors detect host-derived danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as microcrystals and reactive oxygen species, and respond by inducing activation of caspase-1. Caspase-1 then processes the cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms thus triggering inflammation. While IL-1β and IL-18 are known to be elevated in hypertensive patients, no studies have examined whether this occurs downstream of inflammasome activation or whether inhibition of inflammasome and/or IL-1β/IL-18 signalling prevents hypertension. In this review, we will discuss some known actions of IL-1β and IL-18 on leukocyte and vessel wall function that could potentially underlie a prohypertensive role for these cytokines. We will describe the major classes of inflammasome-activating DAMPs and present evidence that at least some of these are elevated in the setting of hypertension. Finally, we will provide information on drugs that are currently used to inhibit inflammasome/IL-1β/IL-18 signalling and how these might ultimately be used as therapeutic agents for the clinical management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
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