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Soliman MG, Martinez-Serra A, Antonello G, Dobricic M, Wilkins T, Serchi T, Fenoglio I, Monopoli MP. Understanding the role of biomolecular coronas in human exposure to nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2024:d4en00488d. [PMID: 39263008 PMCID: PMC11382216 DOI: 10.1039/d4en00488d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used in medical treatments, electronics, and food additives. However, nanosafety-the possible adverse effects of NMs on human health-is an area of active research. This review provides an overview of the influence of biomolecular coronas on NM transformation following various exposure routes. We discuss potential exposure pathways, including inhalation and ingestion, describing the physiology of exposure routes and emphasising the relevance of coronas in these environments. Additionally, we review other routes to NM exposure, such as synovial fluid, blood (translocation and injection), dermal and ocular exposure, as well as the dose and medium impact on NM interactions. We emphasize the need for an in-depth characterisation of coronas in different biological media, highlighting the need and opportunity to study lung and gastric fluids to understand NM behaviour and potential toxicity. Future research aims to predict better in vivo outcomes and address the complexities of NM interactions with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G Soliman
- Chemistry Department, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) 123 St Stephen Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Alberto Martinez-Serra
- Chemistry Department, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) 123 St Stephen Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Giulia Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Marko Dobricic
- Chemistry Department, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) 123 St Stephen Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Terence Wilkins
- School of Chemical & Process Innovation, University of Leeds Engineering Building Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Tommaso Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department (Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology) 41, Rue du Brill L4422 Belvaux GD Luxembourg
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Marco P Monopoli
- Chemistry Department, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) 123 St Stephen Green Dublin 2 Ireland
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Madarasz A, Xin L, Proulx ST. Clearance of erythrocytes from the subarachnoid space through cribriform plate lymphatics in female mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105295. [PMID: 39178745 PMCID: PMC11388277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atraumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Proposed mechanisms for red blood cell (RBC) clearance from the subarachnoid space (SAS) are erythrolysis, erythrophagocytosis or through efflux along cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage routes. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of RBC clearance from the SAS to identify targetable efflux pathways. METHODS Autologous fluorescently-labelled RBCs along with PEGylated 40 kDa near-infrared tracer (P40D800) were infused via the cisterna magna (i.c.m.) in female reporter mice for lymphatics or for resident phagocytes. Drainage pathways for RBCs to extracranial lymphatics were evaluated by in vivo and in situ near-infrared imaging and by immunofluorescent staining on decalcified cranial tissue or dural whole-mounts. FINDINGS RBCs drained to the deep cervical lymph nodes 15 min post i.c.m. infusion, showing similar dynamics as P40D800 tracer. Postmortem in situ imaging and histology showed perineural accumulations of RBCs around the optic and olfactory nerves. Numerous RBCs cleared through the lymphatics of the cribriform plate, whilst histology showed no relevant fast RBC clearance through dorsal dural lymphatics or by tissue-resident macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. INTERPRETATION This study provides evidence for rapid RBC drainage through the cribriform plate lymphatic vessels, whilst neither fast RBC clearance through dorsal dural lymphatics nor through spinal CSF efflux or phagocytosis was observed. Similar dynamics of P40D800 and RBCs imply open pathways for clearance that do not impose a barrier for RBCs. This finding suggests further evaluation of the cribriform plate lymphatic function and potential pharmacological targeting in models of SAH. FUNDING Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_189226), SwissHeart (FF191155).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Madarasz
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Li Xin
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Dong R, Liu S, Li Y, Gao F, Gao K, Chen C, Qian Z, Li W, Yang Y. Revisiting hemodynamics and blood oxygenation in a microfluidic microvasculature replica. Microvasc Res 2024; 152:104640. [PMID: 38065353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The complexity of microvascular circulation has led to the development of advanced imaging techniques and biomimetic models. This study developed a multifaceted microfluidic-based microdevice as an in vitro model of microvasculature to replicate important geometric and functional features of in vivo perfusion in mice. The microfluidic device consisted of a microchannel for blood perfusion, mirroring the natural hierarchical branching vascular structures found in mice. Additionally, the device incorporated a steady gradient of oxygen (O2) which diffused through the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, allowing for dynamic blood oxygenation. The assembled multi-layered microdevice was accompanied by a dual-modal imaging system that combined laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI) to visualize full-field blood flow distributions and blood O2 profiles. By closely reproducing in vivo blood perfusion and oxygenation conditions, this microvasculature model, in conjunction with numerical simulation results, can provide quantitative information on physiologically relevant hemodynamics and key O2 transport parameters that are not directly measurable in traditional animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yuewu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Keqiang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunxiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
| | - Yamin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
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Du EJ, Muench MO. A Monocytic Barrier to the Humanization of Immunodeficient Mice. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:959-980. [PMID: 37859310 PMCID: PMC10997744 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x263597231001164351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Mice with severe immunodeficiencies have become very important tools for studying foreign cells in an in vivo environment. Xenotransplants can be used to model cells from many species, although most often, mice are humanized through the transplantation of human cells or tissues to meet the needs of medical research. The development of immunodeficient mice is reviewed leading up to the current state-of-the-art strains, such as the NOD-scid-gamma (NSG) mouse. NSG mice are excellent hosts for human hematopoietic stem cell transplants or immune reconstitution through transfusion of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, barriers to full hematopoietic engraftment still remain; notably, the survival of human cells in the circulation is brief, which limits overall hematological and immune reconstitution. Reports have indicated a critical role for monocytic cells - monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells - in the clearance of xenogeneic cells from circulation. Various aspects of the NOD genetic background that affect monocytic cell growth, maturation, and function that are favorable to human cell transplantation are discussed. Important receptors, such as SIRPα, that form a part of the innate immune system and enable the recognition and phagocytosis of foreign cells by monocytic cells are reviewed. The development of humanized mouse models has taken decades of work in creating more immunodeficient mice, genetic modification of these mice to express human genes, and refinement of transplant techniques to optimize engraftment. Future advances may focus on the monocytic cells of the host to find ways for further engraftment and survival of xenogeneic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear Street, Suite 200, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
| | - Marcus O. Muench
- Vitalant Research Institute, 360 Spear Street, Suite 200, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Yao Y, Green IK, Taub AB, Tazebay R, LeSauter J, Silver R. Vasculature of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Pathways for Diffusible Output Signals. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:571-585. [PMID: 37553858 PMCID: PMC10652420 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231189537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Transplant studies demonstrate unequivocally that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) produces diffusible signals that can sustain circadian locomotor rhythms. There is a vascular portal pathway between the SCN and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in mouse brain. Portal pathways enable low concentrations of neurosecretions to reach specialized local targets without dilution in the systemic circulation. To explore the SCN vasculature and the capillary vessels whereby SCN neurosecretions might reach portal vessels, we investigated the blood vessels (BVs) of the core and shell SCN. The arterial supply of the SCN differs among animals, and in some animals, there are differences between the 2 sides. The rostral SCN is supplied by branches from either the superior hypophyseal artery (SHpA) or the anterior cerebral artery or the anterior communicating artery. The caudal SCN is consistently supplied by the SHpA. The rostral SCN is drained by the preoptic vein, while the caudal is drained by the basal vein, with variations in laterality of draining vessels. In addition, several key features of the core and shell SCN regions differ: Median BV diameter is significantly smaller in the shell than the core based on confocal image measurements, and a similar trend occurs in iDISCO-cleared tissue. In the cleared tissue, whole BV length density and surface area density are significantly greater in the shell than the core. Finally, capillary length density is also greater in the shell than the core. The results suggest three hypotheses: First, the distinct arterial and venous systems of the rostral and caudal SCN may contribute to the in vivo variations of metabolic and neural activities observed in SCN networks. Second, the dense capillaries of the SCN shell are well positioned to transport blood-borne signals. Finally, variations in SCN vascular supply and drainage may contribute to inter-animal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
| | | | - Alana B. Taub
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Ruya Tazebay
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Joseph LeSauter
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, NY
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY
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Murata J, Unekawa M, Kudo Y, Kotani M, Kanno I, Izawa Y, Tomita Y, Tanaka KF, Nakahara J, Masamoto K. Acceleration of the Development of Microcirculation Embolism in the Brain due to Capillary Narrowing. Stroke 2023; 54:2135-2144. [PMID: 37309687 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.042416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microvascular obstruction is critically involved in recurrent stroke and decreased cerebral blood flow with age. The obstruction must occur in the capillary with a greater resistance to perfusion pressure through the microvascular networks. However, little is known about the relationship between capillary size and embolism formation. This study aimed to determine whether the capillary lumen space contributes to the development of microcirculation embolism. METHODS To spatiotemporally manipulate capillary diameters in vivo, transgenic mice expressing the light-gated cation channel protein ChR2 (channelrhodopsin-2) in mural cells were used. The spatiotemporal changes in the regional cerebral blood flow in response to the photoactivation of ChR2 mural cells were first characterized using laser speckle flowgraphy. Capillary responses to optimized photostimulation were then examined in vivo using 2-photon microscopy. Finally, microcirculation embolism due to intravenously injected fluorescent microbeads was compared under conditions with or without photoactivation of ChR2 mural cells. RESULTS Following transcranial photostimulation, the stimulation intensity-dependent decrease in cerebral blood flow centered at the irradiation was observed (14%-49% decreases relative to the baseline). The cerebrovascular response to photostimulation showed significant constriction of the cerebral arteries and capillaries but not of the veins. As a result of vasoconstriction, a temporal stall of red blood cell flow occurred in the capillaries of the venous sides. The 2-photon excitation of a single ChR2 pericyte demonstrated the partial shrinkage of capillaries (7% relative to the baseline) around the stimulated cell. With the intravenous injection of microbeads, the occurrence of microcirculation embolism was significantly enhanced (11% increases compared to the control) with photostimulation. CONCLUSIONS Capillary narrowing increases the risk of developing microcirculation embolism in the venous sides of the cerebral capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Murata
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Kudo
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Kotani
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iwao Kanno
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (I.K.)
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tomita Hospital, Aichi, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (K.F.T.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology (M.U., Y.I., Y.T., J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Masamoto
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering (J.M., Y.K., M.K., K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (K.M.), University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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Liana P, Jenica A, Suciati T, Rahmawati E, Pariyana P, Umar TP. Comparison of Liver Function Test Results between Architect C8000 and COBAS C501 Automatic Chemistry Analyzer. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1141-1146. [PMID: 38028833 PMCID: PMC10657925 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.360419.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Liver function tests are frequently used to screen liver function, monitor therapy, and determine the severity of liver problems. The present study aimed to assess the consistency of the results of the liver function parameters between the two analyzers, Architect c8000 and Cobas C501. This laboratory-based analytical observational study was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Sample collection was performed through a consecutive sampling procedure from June to December 2019 in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The research sample consisted of the liver function examination results of patients, carried out using the Architect c8000 and Roche Cobas c501 chemistry analyzers. Serum albumin, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein were the studied variables. The Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Bland-Altman tests were used to evaluate the comparison test. In total, 100 blood samples were obtained in this study. The results revealed a highly significant correlation (r>0.90, P=0<001) among the four liver function parameters. The results of the liver function parameters inspected by the two analyzers did not differ significantly (P>0.05). In addition, there was a solid agreement on all parameters, with a near-perfect level (concordance correlation coefficient>0.90) and more than 95% of data points falling within the acceptable range. The Architect c8000 and Cobas c501 analyzers produced similar results for liver function tests; hence, these devices can be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Liana
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - A Jenica
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - T Suciati
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - E Rahmawati
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - P Pariyana
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - T P Umar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia
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Bodera FJ, McVey MJ, Sathiyamoorthy K, Kolios MC. Detection of clot formation & lysis In-Vitro using high frequency photoacoustic imaging & frequency analysis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100487. [PMID: 37095887 PMCID: PMC10122060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Clotting is a physiological process that prevents blood loss after injury. An imbalance in clotting factors can lead to lethal consequences such as exsanguination or inappropriate thrombosis. Clinical methods to monitor clotting and fibrinolysis typically measure the viscoelasticity of whole blood or optical density of plasma over time. Though these methods provide insights into clotting and fibrinolysis, they require milliliters of blood which can worsen anemia or only provide partial information. To overcome these limitations, a high-frequency photoacoustic (HFPA) imaging system was developed to detect clotting and lysis in blood. Clotting was initiated in vitro in reconstituted blood using thrombin and lysed with urokinase plasminogen activator. Frequency spectra measured using HFPA signals (10-40 MHz) between non-clotted blood and clotted blood differed markedly, allowing tracking of clot initiation and lysis in volumes of blood as low as 25 µL/test. HFPA imaging shows potential as a point-of-care examination of coagulation and fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J. Bodera
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Correspondence to: Department of Physics Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B2K3, Canada.
| | - Mark J. McVey
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Krishnan Sathiyamoorthy
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael C. Kolios
- Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Tiwari NK, Mohanty TR, Das Gupta S, Roy S, Swain HS, Baitha R, Ramteke MH, Das BK. Hemato-biochemical alteration in the bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) as a biomonitoring tool to assess riverine pollution and ecology: a case study from the middle and lower stretch of river Ganga. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:46826-46846. [PMID: 36723843 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fishes are poikilothermic animals and are rapid responders to any sort of ecological alteration. The responses in the fish can be easily assessed from their hematological and biochemical responses. To study the variation in the hemato-biochemical parameters in retort to ecological alteration and ecological regime, a study was conducted at six different sampling stations of the middle and lower stretches of river Ganga. Various hematological and biochemical responses of fishes were also monitored in response to multiple ecological alterations. For the assessment of ecological alteration, various indices were calculated such as the water pollution index (WPI), National Sanitation Foundation-water quality index (NSF-WQI), and Nemerow's pollution index (NPI) has been calculated based on various water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chlorinity (CL), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The hematological parameters such as WBC, RBC, platelet, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were monitored. The serum biochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, ALP, amylase, bilirubin, glucose, triglyceride (TRIG), and cholesterol (CHOL) were investigated. The study revealed that NSF-WQI varied from 45.08 at Buxar to 110.63 at Rejinagar and showed a significantly positive correlation with SGPT, SGOT, ALP, TRIG, CHOL, and WBC, whereas a significantly negative correlation was observed between TRIG and RBC. WPI varied from 19 to 23 and showed a significant positive correlation with SGOT and a negative correlation was observed with total nitrogen. The PCA analysis illustrated the significance of both natural as well as anthropogenic factors on riverine ecology. Strong positive loading was observed with SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and platelet. The study signified the need for monitoring the hemato-biochemical responses of fishes in response to alterations in the ecological regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar Tiwari
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Trupti Rani Mohanty
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadeep Das Gupta
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Roy
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Raju Baitha
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- National Mission For Clean Ganga Laboratory, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India.
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Noh K, Liu X, Wei C. Optimizing transcardial perfusion of small molecules and biologics for brain penetration and biodistribution studies in rodents. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:71-83. [PMID: 35508078 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Efficiently removing blood from the brain vasculature is critical to evaluate accurately the brain penetration and biodistribution of drug candidates, especially for biologics as their blood concentrations are substantially higher than the brain concentrations. Transcardial perfusion has been used widely to remove residual blood in the brain; however, the perfusion conditions (such as the perfusion rate and time) reported in the literature are quite varied, and the performance of these methods on blood removal has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, the effectiveness of the perfusion conditions was assessed by measuring brain hemoglobin levels. Sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) as an additive in the perfusate was evaluated at different concentrations. Blood removal was significantly improved with 2% NaNO2 over a 20 min perfusion in mouse without disrupting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In mice, the optimized perfusion method significantly lowered the measured brain-to-plasma ratio (Kp,brain ) for monoclonal antibodies due to the removal of blood contamination and small molecules with a moderate-to-high BBB permeability and with a high brain-unbound-fraction (fu,brain ) presumably due to flux out of the brain during perfusion. Perfusion with or without NaNO2 clearly removed the residual blood in rat brain but with no difference observed in Kp,brain between the perfusion groups with or without 2% NaNO2 . In conclusion, a perfusion method was successfully developed to evaluate the brain penetration of small molecules and biologics in rodents for the first time. The transcardial perfusion with 2% NaNO2 effectively removed the residual blood in the brain and significantly improved the assessment of brain penetration of biologics. For small molecules, however, transcardial perfusion may not be performed, as small molecule compounds could be washed away from the brain by the perfusion procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Wang L, Wang B, Jia L, Yu H, Wang Z, Wei F, Jiang A. Shear stress leads to the dysfunction of endothelial cells through the Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway under physiological conditions. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220587. [PMID: 37077343 PMCID: PMC10106974 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of shear stress on endothelial cell dysfunction for providing a theoretical basis for the reduction of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction. The in vitro parallel plate flow chamber was used to form different forces and shear stress to mimic the hemodynamic changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the expression and distribution of krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), caveolin-1 (Cav-1), p-extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. With the prolongation of the shear stress action time, the expression of KLF2 and eNOS increased gradually, while the expression of Cav-1 and p-ERK decreased gradually. In addition, after cells were exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OSS) and low shear stress, the expression of KLF2, Cav-1, and eNOS decreased and the expression of p-ERK increased. The expression of KLF2 increased gradually with the prolongation of action time, but it was still obviously lower than that of high shear stress. Following the block of Cav-1 expression by methyl β-cyclodextrin, eNOS expression decreased, and KLF2 and p-ERK expression increased. OSS may lead to endothelial cell dysfunction by Cav-1-mediated KLF2/eNOS/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin300211, China
| | - Bingyue Wang
- Blood Purification Center of Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin300170, China
| | - Lan Jia
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin300211, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin300211, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin300211, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin300211, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Department of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification Centre, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23rd, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin300211, China
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12
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Zheng X, Deacon C, King AJ, Machin DR. Microcirculatory and glycocalyx properties are lowered by high-salt diet but augmented by Western diet in genetically heterogeneous mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H328-H335. [PMID: 34995168 PMCID: PMC8799391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00656.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many individuals in industrialized societies consume a high-salt, Western diet(WD); however, the effects of this diet on microcirculatory properties and glycocalyx barrier function are unknown. Young genetically heterogeneous male and female mice underwent 12 wk of normal chow (NC) diet, NC diet with 4% salt (NC4%), Western diet (WD), or WD with 4% salt (WD4%). Microcirculatory properties and glycocalyx barrier function were evaluated in the mesenteric microcirculation, using an intravital microscope equipped with an automated capture and analysis system. Total microvascular density summed across 4- to 25-μm microvessel segment diameters was lower in NC4% than in NC and WD (P < 0.05). Perfused boundary region (PBR), a marker of glycocalyx barrier function, averaged across 4- to 25-μm microvessel segment diameters was similar between NC and NC4%, as well as between WD and WD4% (P > 0.05). PBR was lower in WD and WD4% than in NC and NC4% (P < 0.05), indicating augmented glycocalyx barrier function in WD and WD4%. There were strong, inverse relationships between PBR and adiposity and blood glucose (r = -0.44 to -0.61, P < 0.05). In summary, NC4% induces deleterious effects on microvascular density, whereas WD augments glycocalyx barrier function. Interestingly, the combination of high-salt, Western diet in WD4% resulted in lower total microvascular density like NC4% and augmented glycocalyx barrier function like WD. These data suggest distinct microcirculatory adaptations to high-salt and Western diets that coincide when these diets are combined in young genetically heterogeneous male and female mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many individuals in industrialized societies consume a combination of high-salt and Western diet; however, the effects of this diet on microcirculatory and glycocalyx properties are unknown. This study reveals that a high-salt diet lowers microcirculatory and glycocalyx properties, whereas a Western diet augments glycocalyx barrier function and thickness. Taken together, these data indicate that there are distinct microcirculatory adaptations to high-salt and Western diets that coincide when high-salt and Western diets are combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Christina Deacon
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Abigail J. King
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Abutaha N, Al-Keridis LA, Mohamed RAEH, AL-mekhlafi FA. Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study assessed the antimicrobial, toxicity, and phytochemical profiles of Myristica fragrans extracts. Different solvent extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against clinical and reference microbial strains, using disc and well diffusion assays and microdilution techniques. Antioxidant potential was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Cytotoxicity assay was conducted against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Acute toxicity was assessed in laboratory Swiss albino mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. To assess the phytochemical constituents, spectrophotometric and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were used. The chloroform extract revealed antimicrobial potencies against the Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations. In the DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the chloroform extract was determined to be 1.49 mg/mL. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were 26.64 ± 0.1 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g and 8.28 ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. The IC50 value was determined to be 49 µg/mL against the HUVEC line. No mortality or morbidity was observed. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (44.72%) as a major compound. The current results provide scientific support for the use of M. fragrans in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- Epidemiology Department, Scientific Researcher and Research Coordinator, Federal Ministry of Health , Khartoum , Sudan
| | - Fahd A. AL-mekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University , Dhamar , Yemen
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14
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Wang J, Wang Y, Sheng L, He T, Nin X, Xue A, Zhang H, Liu Z. High fluid shear stress prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation by promoting endothelium denudation and synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:577. [PMID: 34132364 PMCID: PMC8223103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low blood fluid shear stress (SS) promotes vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis; however, the effects of high (H)SS on vascular remodeling and atherogenesis is not fully clarified. The major goal of this study was to investigate the role of HSS in atherosclerotic plaque formation. A perivascular SS modifier was implanted in the right carotid artery of apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice to induce HSS, whereas the left carotid artery represented undisturbed (U)SS as a control in vivo. In vitro modeling used human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to HSS (2.5 Pa) using a parallel-plate flow system. The results demonstrated that there were no plaque formations or endothelial cells in the HSS regions of the carotid artery in ApoE−/− mice. The number of umbilical vein endothelial cells was markedly decreased in a time-dependent manner in HSS. HSS significantly decreased α-smooth muscle actin and increased osteopontin protein expression levels compared with USS in vascular smooth muscle cells (P<0.05). In addition, HSS significantly increased the protein expression levels of collagen α1(XVIII) chain/endostatin and matrix metalloproteinase-8 in vascular smooth muscle cells. These data indicated that HSS may prevent atherosclerotic plaque formation through endothelium denudation and contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic conversion of smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Aiying Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Cardio‑Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Basic Medical College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Cardio‑Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Basic Medical College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
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15
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Ecker P, Sparer A, Lukitsch B, Elenkov M, Seltenhammer M, Crevenna R, Gföhler M, Harasek M, Windberger U. Animal blood in translational research: How to adjust animal blood viscosity to the human standard. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14880. [PMID: 34042285 PMCID: PMC8157792 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal blood is used in mock circulations or in forensic bloodstain pattern analysis. Blood viscosity is important in these settings as it determines the driving pressure through biomedical devices and the shape of the bloodstain. However, animal blood can never exactly mimic human blood due to erythrocyte properties differing among species. This results in the species-specific shear thinning behavior of blood suspensions, and it is therefore not enough to adjust the hematocrit of an animal blood sample to mimic the behavior of human blood over the entire range of shear rates that are present in the body. In order to optimize experiments that require animal blood, we need models to adapt the blood samples. We here offer mathematical models derived for each species using a multi linear regression approach to describe the influence of shear rate, hematocrit, and temperature on blood viscosity. Results show that pig blood cannot be recommended for experiments at low flow conditions (<200 s-1 ) even though erythrocyte properties are similar in pigs and humans. However, pig blood mimics human blood excellently at high flow condition. Horse blood is unsuitable as experimental model in this regard. For several studied conditions, sheep blood was the closest match to human blood viscosity among the tested species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ecker
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product DevelopmentTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Sparer
- Decentralized Biomedical FacilitiesCenter for Biomedical ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Benjamin Lukitsch
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Martin Elenkov
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product DevelopmentTU WienViennaAustria
| | | | - Richard Crevenna
- University Clinic of Physical MedicineRehabilitation and Occupational MedicineMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Margit Gföhler
- Institute of Engineering Design and Product DevelopmentTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Ursula Windberger
- Decentralized Biomedical FacilitiesCenter for Biomedical ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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16
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Premont RT, Reynolds JD, Zhang R, Stamler JS. Red Blood Cell-Mediated S-Nitrosohemoglobin-Dependent Vasodilation: Lessons Learned from a β-Globin Cys93 Knock-In Mouse. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:936-961. [PMID: 32597195 PMCID: PMC8035927 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Red blood cell (RBC)-mediated vasodilation plays an important role in oxygen delivery. This occurs through hemoglobin actions, at least in significant part, to convert heme-bound nitric oxide (NO) (in tense [T]/deoxygenated-state hemoglobin) into vasodilator S-nitrosothiol (SNO) (in relaxed [R]/oxygenated-state hemoglobin), convey SNO through the bloodstream, and release it into tissues to increase blood flow. The coupling of hemoglobin R/T state allostery, both to NO conversion into SNO and to SNO release (along with oxygen), under hypoxia supports the model of a three-gas respiratory cycle (O2/NO/CO2). Recent Advances: Oxygenation of tissues is dependent on a single, strictly conserved Cys residue in hemoglobin (βCys93). Hemoglobin couples SNO formation/release at βCys93 to O2 binding/release at hemes ("thermodynamic linkage"). Mice bearing βCys93Ala hemoglobin that is unable to generate SNO-βCys93 establish that SNO-hemoglobin is important for R/T allostery-regulated vasodilation by RBCs that couple blood flow to tissue oxygenation. Critical Issues: The model for RBC-mediated vasodilation originally proposed by Stamler et al. in 1996 has been largely validated: SNO-βCys93 forms in vivo, dilates blood vessels, and is hypoxia-regulated, and RBCs actuate vasodilation proportionate to hypoxia. Numerous compensations in βCys93Ala animals to alleviate tissue hypoxia (discussed herein) are predicted to preserve vasodilatory responses of RBCs but impair linkage to R/T transition in hemoglobin. This is borne out by loss of responsivity of mutant RBCs to oxygen, impaired blood flow responses to hypoxia, and tissue ischemia in βCys93-mutant animals. Future Directions: SNO-hemoglobin mediates hypoxic vasodilation in the respiratory cycle. This fundamental physiology promises new insights in vascular diseases and blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Premont
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James D. Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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17
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Orr A, Gualdieri R, Cossette ML, Shafer ABA, Stotesbury T. Whole bovine blood use in forensic research: Sample preparation and storage considerations. Sci Justice 2021; 61:214-220. [PMID: 33985669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian whole blood sources are often used for forensic research and training when human samples cannot be sourced. While porcine, ovine and equine blood have been shown to be viable alternatives to whole human blood for forensic purposes, procurement can still pose a problem, especially for smaller and remote institutions. This work explores the use of whole bovine blood for basic bloodstain simulation. Sample preparation through the addition of ACD-A anticoagulant was optimized and storability was explored. Viscosity, surface tension, density, and packed cell volume, four fluid properties relevant to bloodstain pattern analysis, were monitored over four days and in two temperature conditions. Linear mixed models accounting for variation in the donor demonstrated that these fluid properties of the bovine blood changed predictably over time and with temperature. Whole bovine blood with 12.5% v/v ACD-A was found to be viable for use in basic bloodstain simulation at ambient and physiological temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Orr
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Rebecca Gualdieri
- Forensic Science Undergraduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Laurence Cossette
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; Forensic Science Undergraduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; Forensic Science Undergraduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Theresa Stotesbury
- Forensic Science Undergraduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada; Faculty of Science, Forensic Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada.
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18
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Viana IMDO, Grenier P, Defrêne J, Barabé F, Lima EM, Bertrand N. Role of the complement cascade in the biological fate of liposomes in rodents. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18875-18884. [PMID: 32901649 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicines, including liposomes, have been used to improve the clinical efficacy and safety of drugs. In some liposomal formulations, a hydrophilic polymer coating of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is used to increase the circulation time. Understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for the clearance of PEGylated and non-PEGylated nanomedicines is necessary to develop better-performing materials. The purpose of this work is to explore the role of complement in the elimination of intravenously administered liposomes (PEGylated and non-PEGylated) in mice and rats. Here, the complement cascade was depleted by intraperitoneal injections of cobra venom factor (CVF) 12 and 24 hours before the intravenous injection of radiolabeled liposomes. In both mice and rats, non-PEGylated liposomes showed faster elimination than PEGylated liposomes. At a lipid dose of 20 mg kg-1, the abrogation of the complement cascade (in CVF group) did not alter the circulation time of either PEGylated or non-PEGylated liposomes. In contrast, at lower doses (2 mg kg-1), animals treated with CVF had slightly higher levels of circulating liposomes, especially during the 24 hours pharmacokinetic studies. The complement cascade seems to govern the uptake of non-PEGylated liposomes by splenic B cells. Altogether, these results suggest that although PEGylated and non-PEGylated liposomes can activate complement, the impact of this cascade on their circulation time is minor and mostly perceivable at later phases of distribution. This work enlightens biological pathways responsible for in vivo clearance of liposomes and will help in orienting future research in elucidating the nano-bio interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Maíra de Oliveira Viana
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology (FarmaTec), Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220 Goiás, Brazil.
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19
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Belcher DA, Lucas A, Cabrales P, Palmer AF. Tumor vascular status controls oxygen delivery facilitated by infused polymerized hemoglobins with varying oxygen affinity. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008157. [PMID: 32817659 PMCID: PMC7462268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) delivery facilitated by hemoglobin (Hb)-based O2 carriers (HBOCs) is a promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics for treatment of solid tumors. However, the heterogeneous vascular structures present within tumors complicates evaluating the oxygenation potential of HBOCs within the tumor microenvironment. To account for spatial variations in the vasculature and tumor tissue that occur during tumor growth, we used a computational model to develop artificial tumor constructs. With these simulated tumors, we performed a polymerized human hemoglobin (hHb) (PolyhHb) enhanced oxygenation simulation accounting for differences in the physiologic characteristics of human and mouse blood. The results from this model were used to determine the potential effectiveness of different treatment options including a top load (low volume) and exchange (large volume) infusion of a tense quaternary state (T-State) PolyhHb, relaxed quaternary state (R-State) PolyhHb, and a non O2 carrying control. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed correlations between the different regimes of effectiveness within the different simulated dosage options. In general, we found that infusion of T-State PolyhHb is more likely to decrease tissue hypoxia and modulate the metabolic rate of O2 consumption. Though the developed models are not a definitive descriptor of O2 carrier interaction in tumor capillary networks, we accounted for factors such as non-uniform vascular density and permeability that limit the applicability of O2 carriers during infusion. Finally, we have used these validated computational models to establish potential benchmarks to guide tumor treatment during translation of PolyhHb mediated therapies into clinical applications. High rates of oxygen consumption and abnormal vascularization lead to low oxygen levels within solid tumors. The lack of oxygen results in resistance to chemotherapies and increased rates of cancer progression. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have the potential to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to tumors, which may make chemotherapies more effective. Unfortunately, translating experimental results from mice to humans is complicated by allometric scaling between mice and humans. To predict how these therapies may perform differently between human and murine systems, we computationally predicted how hemoglobin-based oxygen delivery varies between the two organisms. Our model accounts for how variations in the tumor vascular network impact the performance of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers. This model also allows us to assess how the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers affects the oxygenation of hypoxic tissue. The results of these models help us predict how results from murine models may translate to humans. Also, our models help to highlight what clinically-measurable tumor properties should be measured to predict the effectiveness of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A. Belcher
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Harbi SM, Hussien RA, Hawasawi I, Alshdoukhi I, Chopra V, Alanazi AN, Butler W, Koroma R, Peters C, Garver DD, Vinson JA. Red Blood Cells and Lipoproteins: Important Reservoirs and Transporters of Polyphenols and Their Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7005-7013. [PMID: 32495621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are protective for chronic diseases. Their blood transport has not been well investigated. This work examines multiple classes of polyphenols and their interactions with albumin, lipoproteins, and red blood cell (RBC) compartments using four models and determines the % polyphenol in each compartment studied. The RBC alone model showed a dose-response polyphenol association with RBCs. A blood model with flavanones determined the % polyphenol that was inside RBCs and bound to the surface using a new albumin washing procedure. It was shown that RBCs can methylate flavanones. The whole blood model separated the polyphenol into four compartments with the aid of affinity chromatography. More polyphenols were found with albumin and lipoproteins (high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins) than with RBCs. In the plasma model, the polyphenols associated almost equally between lipoproteins and albumin. RBCs and lipoproteins are shown to be important reservoirs and transporters of polyphenols in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa M Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Rania A Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Intesar Hawasawi
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Ibtehaj Alshdoukhi
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Vikram Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Amal N Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - William Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Rakia Koroma
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Colin Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center, University of Scranton, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18510 United States
| | - Deanne D Garver
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Computer Science,Marywood University, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18509, United States
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21
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Hara T, Hiratsuka T, Etoh T, Itai Y, Kono Y, Shiroshita H, Shiraishi N, Inomata M. Intraperitoneal Phototherapy Suppresses Inflammatory Reactions in a Surgical Model of Peritonitis. J Surg Res 2020; 252:231-239. [PMID: 32299011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard treatment for diffuse peritonitis due to colorectal perforation may be insufficient to suppress inflammatory reaction in sepsis. Thus, developing new treatments is important. This study aimed to examine whether intraperitoneal irradiation by artificial sunlight suppresses inflammatory reaction in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis model after surgical treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were divided into naive, nontreatment (NT), and phototherapy (PT) groups. In the latter two groups, LPS was intraperitoneally administered to induce peritonitis and removed by intraperitoneal lavage after laparotomy. The PT group was irradiated with artificial sunlight intraperitoneally. We evaluated the local and systemic inflammatory reactions. Murine macrophages were irradiated with artificial sunlight after stimulation by LPS, and cell viability and expression of tumor necrotizing factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. RESULTS As a local inflammatory reaction, the whole cell count, the expression of interleukin-6 and TNF-α in the intra-abdominal fluid, and the peritoneal thickness were significantly lower in the PT group than in the NT group. As a systematic inflammatory reaction, the expression of serum TNF-α, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β were significantly lower in the PT group than in the NT group. Irradiation by artificial sunlight suppressed the expression of TNF-α in murine macrophages without affecting cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal irradiation by artificial sunlight could suppress local and systemic inflammatory reactions in the LPS-induced peritonitis murine model. These effects may be associated with macrophage immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Hiratsuka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Itai
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Yohei Kono
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Shiroshita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Norio Shiraishi
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery for Community Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inomata
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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22
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Faghih MM, Sharp MK. Deformation of human red blood cells in extensional flow through a hyperbolic contraction. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:251-261. [PMID: 31388870 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Flow-induced damage to red blood cells has been an issue of considerable importance since the introduction of the first cardiovascular devices. Early blood damage prediction models were based on measurements of damage by shear stress only. Subsequently, these models were extrapolated to include other components of the fluid stress tensor. However, the expanded models were not validated by measurements of damage in response to the added types of stress. Recent investigations have proposed that extensional stress might be more damaging to red cells than shear stress. In this study, experiments were conducted to compare human red cell deformation under laminar extensional stress versus laminar shear stress. It was found that the deformation caused by shear stress is matched by that produced by an extensional stress that is approximately 34 times smaller. Assuming that blood damage scales directly with cell deformation, this result indicates that mechanistic blood damage prediction models should weigh extensional stress more than shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Faghih
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - M Keith Sharp
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.
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23
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The Flow Dependent Adhesion of von Willebrand Factor (VWF)-A1 Functionalized Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Coronary Stenosis Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152679. [PMID: 31344782 PMCID: PMC6696590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In arterial thrombosis, von Willebrand factor (VWF) bridges platelets to sites of vascular injury. The adhesive properties of VWF are controlled by its different domains, which may be engineered into ligands for targeting nanoparticles to vascular injuries. Here, we functionalized 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with the VWF-A1 domain and studied their spatial adhesion to collagen or collagen-VWF coated, real-sized coronary stenosis models under physiological flow. When VWF-A1 nano-particles (A1-NPs) were perfused through a 75% stenosis model coated with collagen-VWF, the particles preferentially adhered at the post stenotic region relative to the pre-stenosis region while much less adhesion was detected at the stenosis neck (~ 65-fold less). When infused through collagen-coated models or when the A1 coating density of nanoparticles was reduced by 100-fold, the enhanced adhesion at the post-stenotic site was abolished. In a 60% stenosis model, the adhesion of A1-NPs to collagen-VWF-coated models depended on the location examined within the stenosis. Altogether, our results indicate that VWF-A1 NPs exhibit a flow-structure dependent adhesion to VWF and illustrate the important role of studying cardiovascular nano-medicines in settings that closely model the size, geometry, and hemodynamics of pathological environments.
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24
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Faghih MM, Sharp MK. Modeling and prediction of flow-induced hemolysis: a review. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:845-881. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Zelepukin IV, Yaremenko AV, Shipunova VO, Babenyshev AV, Balalaeva IV, Nikitin PI, Deyev SM, Nikitin MP. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery via RBC-hitchhiking for the inhibition of lung metastases growth. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1636-1646. [PMID: 30644955 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of particle-based theranostic agents via their transportation on the surfaces of red blood cells, commonly referred to as RBC-hitchhiking, has historically been developed as a promising strategy for increasing the extremely poor blood circulation lifetime, primarily, of the large-sized sub-micron agents. Here, we show for the first time that RBC-hitchhiking can be extremely efficient for nanoparticle delivery and tumor treatment even in those cases when no circulation prolongation is observed. Specifically, we demonstrate that RBC-hitchhiking of certain small 100 nm particles, unlike that of the conventional sub-micron ones, can boost the delivery of non-targeted particles to lungs up to a record high value of 120-fold (and up to 40% of the injected dose). To achieve this remarkable result, we screened sub-200 nm nanoparticles of different sizes, polymer coatings and ζ-potentials and identified particles with the optimal RBC adsorption/desorption behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated that such RBC-mediated rerouting of particles to lungs can be used to fight pulmonary metastases of aggressive melanoma B16-F1. Our findings could change the general paradigm of drug delivery for cancer treatment with RBC-hitchhiking. It is not the blood circulation lifetime that is the key factor for nanoparticle efficiency, but rather the complexation of nanoparticles with the RBC. The demonstrated technology could become a valuable tool for development of new strategies based on small nanoparticles for the treatment of aggressive and small-cell types of cancer as well as other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Zelepukin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia. and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia and Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Yaremenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia. and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V O Shipunova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia. and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Babenyshev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - I V Balalaeva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - P I Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics, Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - S M Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | - M P Nikitin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia. and Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia and Prokhorov General Physics, Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Andrieu J, Re F, Russo L, Nicotra F. Phage-displayed peptides targeting specific tissues and organs. J Drug Target 2018; 27:555-565. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1531419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josu Andrieu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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27
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Kelley WJ, Fromen CA, Lopez-Cazares G, Eniola-Adefeso O. PEGylation of model drug carriers enhances phagocytosis by primary human neutrophils. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:283-293. [PMID: 30195083 PMCID: PMC6181144 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug carriers are attractive for the delivery of therapeutics directly to the site of a disease, reducing systemic side effects and enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic molecules. However, the use of particulate carriers for drug delivery comes with its own set of challenges and barriers. Among these, a great deal of research effort has focused on protecting carriers from clearance by phagocytes via altering carrier surface chemistry, mostly with the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain coatings. However, few papers have explored the effects of PEGylation on uptake by freshly-obtained primary human phagocytes in physiological conditions. In this work, we investigate the effect of PEGylation on particle uptake by primary human neutrophils in vitro and compare these effects to several cell lines and other model phagocytic cells systems. We find that human neutrophils in whole blood preferentially phagocytose PEGylated particles (e.g., ∼40% particle positive neutrophils for PEGylated versus ∼20% for carboxylated polystyrene microspheres) and that this effect is linked to factors present in human plasma. Model phagocytes internalized PEGylated particles less efficiently or equivalently to carboxylated particles in culture medium but preferentially phagocytosed PEGylated particles in the human plasma (e.g., ∼86% versus ∼63% PEGylated versus carboxylated particle positive cells, respectively). These findings have significant implications for the efficacy of PEGylation in designing long-circulating drug carriers, as well as the need for thorough characterization of drug carrier platforms in a wide array of in vitro and in vivo assays. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The work in this manuscript is highly significant to the field of drug delivery, as it explores in-depth the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings, which are frequently used to prevent phagocytic clearance of particulate drug carriers, on the phagocytosis of such carriers by neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in blood circulation. Surprisingly, we find that PEGylation enhances uptake by primary human neutrophils, specifically in the presence of human plasma. This result suggests that PEGylation may not confer the benefits in humans once thought, and may help to explain why PEG has not become the "magic bullet" it was once thought to be in the field of particulate drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kelley
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemical Engineering, United States
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemical Engineering, United States
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28
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Hallam KA, Donnelly EM, Karpiouk AB, Hartman RK, Emelianov SY. Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets: a new tool for blood brain barrier opening. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4527-4538. [PMID: 30615730 PMCID: PMC6157760 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in the monitoring and treatment of neurological diseases is the blood brain barrier (BBB), a semipermeable barrier that prevents the delivery of many therapeutics and imaging contrast agents to the brain. In this work, we explored the possibility of laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) to open the BBB and deliver agents to the brain tissue. Specifically, near infrared (NIR) dye-loaded PFCnDs comprised of a perfluorocarbon (PFC) core with a boiling point above physiological temperature were repeatedly vaporized and recondensed from liquid droplet to gas bubble under pulsed laser excitation. As a result, this pulse-to-pulse repeated behavior enabled the recurring interaction of PFCnDs with the endothelial lining of the BBB, allowing for a BBB opening and extravasation of dye into the brain tissue. The blood brain barrier opening and delivery of agents to tissue was confirmed on the macro and the molecular level by evaluating Evans Blue staining, ultrasound-guided photoacoustic (USPA) imaging, and histological tissue analysis. The demonstrated PFCnD-assisted pulsed laser method for BBB opening, therefore, represents a tool that has the potential to enable non-invasive, cost-effective, and efficient image-guided delivery of contrast and therapeutic agents to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Hallam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eleanor M. Donnelly
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrei B. Karpiouk
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robin K. Hartman
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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In-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) in nanomedicine: Is protein corona the missing link? Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:889-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Fukuda T, Asou E, Nogi K, Goto K. Evaluation of mouse red blood cell and platelet counting with an automated hematology analyzer. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1707-1711. [PMID: 28845024 PMCID: PMC5658564 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An evaluation of mouse red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counting with an automated
hematology analyzer was performed with three strains of mice, C57BL/6 (B6), BALB/c (BALB)
and DBA/2 (D2). There were no significant differences in RBC and PLT counts between manual
and automated optical methods in any of the samples, except for D2 mice. For D2, RBC
counts obtained using the manual method were significantly lower than those obtained using
the automated optical method (P<0.05), and PLT counts obtained using
the manual method were higher than those obtained using the automated optical method
(P<0.05). An automated hematology analyzer can be used for RBC and
PLT counting; however, an appropriate method should be selected when D2 mice samples are
used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruko Fukuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-1-11 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Eri Asou
- Teikyo University Hospital, 2-1-11 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0005, Japan
| | - Kimiko Nogi
- Teikyo University Hospital, 2-1-11 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0005, Japan
| | - Kazuo Goto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-1-11 Kaga Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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31
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Höök P, Brito-Robinson T, Kim O, Narciso C, Goodson HV, Weisel JW, Alber MS, Zartman JJ. Whole blood clot optical clearing for nondestructive 3D imaging and quantitative analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3671-3686. [PMID: 28856043 PMCID: PMC5560833 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A technological revolution in both light and electron microscopy imaging now allows unprecedented views of clotting, especially in animal models of hemostasis and thrombosis. However, our understanding of three-dimensional high-resolution clot structure remains incomplete since most of our recent knowledge has come from studies of relatively small clots or thrombi, due to the optical impenetrability of clots beyond a few cell layers in depth. Here, we developed an optimized optical clearing method termed cCLOT that renders large whole blood clots transparent and allows confocal imaging as deep as one millimeter inside the clot. We have tested this method by investigating the 3D structure of clots made from reconstituted pre-labeled blood components yielding new information about the effects of clot contraction on erythrocytes. Although it has been shown recently that erythrocytes are compressed to form polyhedrocytes during clot contraction, observations of this phenomenon have been impeded by the inability to easily image inside clots. As an efficient and non-destructive method, cCLOT represents a powerful research tool in studying blood clot structure and mechanisms controlling clot morphology. Additionally, cCLOT optical clearing has the potential to facilitate imaging of ex vivo clots and thrombi derived from healthy or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Höök
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Current address: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Co-first authors
| | - Teresa Brito-Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Co-first authors
| | - Oleg Kim
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Cody Narciso
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Holly V Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Mark S Alber
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Jeremiah J Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
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32
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Fish MB, Fromen CA, Lopez-Cazares G, Golinski AW, Scott TF, Adili R, Holinstat M, Eniola-Adefeso O. Exploring deformable particles in vascular-targeted drug delivery: Softer is only sometimes better. Biomaterials 2017; 124:169-179. [PMID: 28209527 PMCID: PMC5341378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of vascular-targeted drug carriers (VTCs) to localize and bind to a targeted, diseased endothelium determines their overall clinical utility. Here, we investigate how particle modulus and size determine adhesion of VTCs to the vascular wall under physiological blood flow conditions. In general, deformable microparticles (MPs) outperformed nanoparticles (NPs) in all experimental conditions tested. Our results indicate that MP modulus enhances particle adhesion in a shear-dependent manner. In low shear human blood flow profiles in vitro, low modulus particles showed favorable adhesion, while at high shear, rigid particles showed superior adhesion. This was confirmed in vivo by studying particle adhesion under venous shear profiles in a mouse model of mesenteric inflammation, where MP adhesion was 127% greater (p < 0.0001) for low modulus particles compared to more rigid ones. Mechanistically, we establish that particle collisions with leukocytes drive these trends, rather than differences in particle deformation, localization, or detachment. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of VTC modulus as a design parameter for enhanced VTC interaction with vascular walls, and thus, contributes important knowledge for development of successful clinical theranostics with applications for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B Fish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Genesis Lopez-Cazares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alexander W Golinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Timothy F Scott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Samuel and Jean Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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33
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Kelley WJ, Safari H, Lopez-Cazares G, Eniola-Adefeso O. Vascular-targeted nanocarriers: design considerations and strategies for successful treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:909-926. [PMID: 27194461 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular-targeted nanocarriers are an attractive option for the treatment of a number of cardiovascular diseases, as they allow for more specific delivery and increased efficacy of many small molecule drugs. However, immune clearance, limited cellular uptake, and particle-cell dynamics in blood flow can hinder nanocarrier efficacy in many applications. This review aims to investigate successful strategies for the use of vascular-targeted nanocarriers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In particular, the review will highlight strategies employed for actively targeting the components of the atherosclerotic plaque, including endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets and passive targeting via endothelial permeability, as well as design specifications (such as size, shape, and density) aimed at enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to reach the vascular wall. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:909-926. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1414 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kelley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hanieh Safari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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34
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Wang Y, You G, Chen P, Li J, Chen G, Wang B, Li P, Han D, Zhou H, Zhao L. The mechanical properties of stored red blood cells measured by a convenient microfluidic approach combining with mathematic model. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024104. [PMID: 27014397 PMCID: PMC4788599 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) are critical to the rheological and hemodynamic behavior of blood. Although measurements of the mechanical properties of RBCs have been studied for many years, the existing methods, such as ektacytometry, micropipette aspiration, and microfluidic approaches, still have limitations. Mechanical changes to RBCs during storage play an important role in transfusions, and so need to be evaluated pre-transfusion, which demands a convenient and rapid detection method. We present a microfluidic approach that focuses on the mechanical properties of single cell under physiological shear flow and does not require any high-end equipment, like a high-speed camera. Using this method, the images of stretched RBCs under physical shear can be obtained. The subsequent analysis, combined with mathematic models, gives the deformability distribution, the morphology distribution, the normalized curvature, and the Young's modulus (E) of the stored RBCs. The deformability index and the morphology distribution show that the deformability of RBCs decreases significantly with storage time. The normalized curvature, which is defined as the curvature of the cell tail during stretching in flow, suggests that the surface charge of the stored RBCs decreases significantly. According to the mathematic model, which derives from the relation between shear stress and the adherent cells' extension ratio, the Young's moduli of the stored RBCs are also calculated and show significant increase with storage. Therefore, the present method is capable of representing the mechanical properties and can distinguish the mechanical changes of the RBCs during storage. The advantages of this method are the small sample needed, high-throughput, and easy-use, which make it promising for the quality monitoring of RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Guoxing You
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gan Chen
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Penglong Li
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lian Zhao
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , No. 27 Taiping Road, HaiDian, Beijing 100850, China
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Namdee K, Sobczynski DJ, Onyskiw PJ, Eniola-Adefeso O. Differential Impact of Plasma Proteins on the Adhesion Efficiency of Vascular-Targeted Carriers (VTCs) in Blood of Common Laboratory Animals. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2419-28. [PMID: 26505780 PMCID: PMC4866610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular-targeted carrier (VTC) interaction with human plasma is known to reduce targeted adhesion efficiency in vitro. However, the role of plasma proteins on the adhesion efficiency of VTCs in laboratory animals remains unknown. Here, in vitro blood flow assays are used to explore the effects of plasma from mouse, rabbit, and porcine on VTC adhesion. Porcine blood exhibited a strong negative plasma effect on VTC adhesion while no significant plasma effect was found with rabbit and mouse blood. A brush density poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on VTCs was effective at improving adhesion of microsized, but not nanosized, VTCs in porcine blood. Overall, the results suggest that porcine models, as opposed to mouse, can serve as better models in preclinical research for predicting the in vivo functionality of VTCs for use in humans. These considerations hold great importance for the design of various pharmaceutical products and development of reliable drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter J. Onyskiw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Omolola Eniola-Adefeso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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