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Zhang Z, Yang Z, Wang S, Wang X, Mao J. Decoding ferroptosis: Revealing the hidden assassin behind cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116761. [PMID: 38788596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of regulatory cell death processes has driven innovation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been shown to drive the development of multiple CVDs. This review provides insights into the evolution of the concept of ferroptosis, the similarities and differences with traditional modes of programmed cell death (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis), as well as the core regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis (including cystine/glutamate transporter blockade, imbalance of iron metabolism, and lipid peroxidation). In addition, it provides not only a detailed review of the role of ferroptosis and its therapeutic potential in widely studied CVDs such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and aortic aneurysm but also an overview of the phenomenon and therapeutic perspectives of ferroptosis in lesser-addressed CVDs such as cardiac valvulopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and sickle cell disease. This article aims to integrate this knowledge to provide a comprehensive view of ferroptosis in a wide range of CVDs and to drive innovation and progress in therapeutic strategies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
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2
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Liu J, Deng L, Qu L, Li X, Wang T, Chen Y, Jiang M, Zou W. Herbal medicines provide regulation against iron overload in cardiovascular diseases: Informing future applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117941. [PMID: 38387684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Iron is an essential micronutrient for maintaining physiological activities, especially for highly active cardiomyocytes. Inappropriate iron overload or deficiency has a significant impact on the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Iron overload exerts potentially deleterious effects on doxorubicin (DOX) cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) by participating in lipid peroxides production. Notably, iron overload-associated cell death has been defined as a possible mechanism for ferroptosis. At present, some traditional herbal medicines and extracts have been included in the study of regulating iron overload and the subsequent therapeutic effect on CVD. AIM OF THE STUDY To give an outline of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes and to focus on herbal medicines and extracts to prevent iron overload in CVD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature information was systematically collected from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang data, as well as classic books and clinical reports. RESULTS After understanding the mechanism of iron overload on CVD, this paper reviews the therapeutic function of various herbal medicines in eliminating iron overload in CVD. These include Chinese herbal compound prescriptions (Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, Gegen Qinlian decoction, Tongxinluo, Banxia-Houpu decoction), plant extracts, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polyphenols. Among them, flavonoids are considered to be the most promising compounds because of their prominent iron chelation. Mechanically, these herbal medicines act on the Nrf2 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and KAT5/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating iron overload and lipid peroxidation in CVD. CONCLUSION Our review provides up-to-date information on herbal medicines that exert cardiovascular protective effects by modulating iron overload and ferroptosis. These herbal medicines hold promise as a template for preventing iron overload in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Liangyan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Liping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Miao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Liu ZY, Liu ZY, Lin LC, Song K, Tu B, Zhang Y, Yang JJ, Zhao JY, Tao H. Redox homeostasis in cardiac fibrosis: Focus on metal ion metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103109. [PMID: 38452521 PMCID: PMC10926297 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a major public health problem worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality, affecting almost all patients with heart disease worldwide. It is characterized by fibroblast activation, abnormal proliferation, excessive deposition, and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The maladaptive process of cardiac fibrosis is complex and often involves multiple mechanisms. With the increasing research on cardiac fibrosis, redox has been recognized as an important part of cardiac remodeling, and an imbalance in redox homeostasis can adversely affect the function and structure of the heart. The metabolism of metal ions is essential for life, and abnormal metabolism of metal ions in cells can impair a variety of biochemical processes, especially redox. However, current research on metal ion metabolism is still very limited. This review comprehensively examines the effects of metal ion (iron, copper, calcium, and zinc) metabolism-mediated redox homeostasis on cardiac fibrosis, outlines possible therapeutic interventions, and addresses ongoing challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bin Tu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230601, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Zhang T, Luo L, He Q, Xiao S, Li Y, Chen J, Qin T, Xiao Z, Ge Q. Research advances on molecular mechanism and natural product therapy of iron metabolism in heart failure. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:253. [PMID: 38659000 PMCID: PMC11044586 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of heart failure (HF) is complex and involves multiple regulatory pathways. Iron ions play a crucial supportive role as a cofactor for important proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, oxidative respiratory chain, and DNA synthetase, in the myocardial energy metabolism process. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that HF is associated with iron dysmetabolism, and deficiencies in iron and overload of iron can both lead to the development of various myocarditis diseases, which ultimately progress to HF. Iron toxicity and iron metabolism may be key targets for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HF. Some iron chelators (such as desferrioxamine), antioxidants (such as ascorbate), Fer-1, and molecules that regulate iron levels (such as lactoferrin) have been shown to be effective in treating HF and protecting the myocardium in multiple studies. Additionally, certain natural compounds can play a significant role by mediating the imbalance of iron-related signaling pathways and expression levels. Therefore, this review not only summarizes the basic processes of iron metabolism in the body and the mechanisms by which they play a role in HF, with the aim of providing new clues and considerations for the treatment of HF, but also summarizes recent studies on natural chemical components that involve ferroptosis and its role in HF pathology, as well as the mechanisms by which naturally occurring products regulate ferroptosis in HF, with the aim of providing reference information for the development of new ferroptosis inhibitors and lead compounds for the treatment of HF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qi He
- People's Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang City, China
| | - Sijie Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Junpeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenni Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Qingliang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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Huang H, Wang X, Yu Y, Cheng S, Long T, Niu H, Hua W. Genetically predicted biomarkers of iron homeostasis and risk of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: A mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0939-4753(24)00156-X. [PMID: 38740536 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Both iron overload and iron deficiency have been associated with cardiovascular diseases in observational studies. Previous Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies discovered a protective effect of higher iron status on coronary atrial disease, while a neutral effect on all-cause heart failure. Using two-sample MR, we evaluated how genetically predicted systemic iron status affects the risk of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and different phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-sample MR analyses were performed to estimate the causal effect of four biomarkers of systemic iron status on diagnosed cardiomyopathy and its subtypes in 242,607 participants from the FinnGen research project. The level of transferrin saturation was significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13-1.38) when using nine separately selected genetic instruments. An increase in genetically determined serum iron (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.38) and ferritin (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02-2.18) were associated with an increased risk of cardiomyopathy. Total iron binding capacity, a marker of reduced iron status, was inversely linked with cardiomyopathy (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65-0.98). The risk effect of iron status was more evident in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and related heart failure. CONCLUSIONS These analyses support the causal effect of increased systemic iron status on a higher risk of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. A screening test for cardiomyopathy should be considered in patients with evidence of iron overload. Future study is needed for exploring the mechanism of these causal variants on cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sijing Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxin Long
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Li J, Koonyosying P, Korsieporn W, Paradee N, Hutachok N, Xu H, Ma Y, Chuljerm H, Srichairatanakool S. Deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid attenuates iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defenses in iron-loaded human Huh7 hepatic cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1364261. [PMID: 38572444 PMCID: PMC10987756 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1364261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are complications of thalassemia with iron overload. Iron chelators are required to remove excessive iron, and antioxidants are supplemented to diminish harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), purposing to ameliorate oxidative liver damage and dysfunctions. The deferiprone-resveratrol hybrid (DFP-RVT) is a synthetic iron chelator possessing anti-β-amyloid peptide aggregation, anti-malarial activity, and hepatoprotection in plasmodium-infected mice. The study focuses on investigating the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, iron-chelating, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense properties of DFP-RVT in iron-loaded human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7) cells. In the findings, DFP-RVT dose dependently bound Fe(II) and Fe(III) and exerted stronger ABTS•- and DPPH•-scavenging (IC50 = 8.0 and 164 μM, respectively) and anti-RBC hemolytic activities (IC50 = 640 μM) than DFP but weaker than RVT (p < 0.01). DFP-RVT was neither toxic to Huh7 cells nor PBMCs. In addition, DFP-RVT diminished the level of redox-active iron (p < 0.01) and decreased the non-heme iron content (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells effectively when compared without treatment in the order of DFP-RVT > RVT ∼ DFP treatments (50 µM each). Moreover, the compound decreased levels of hepatic ROS in a dose-dependent manner and the level of malondialdehyde, which was stronger than DFP but weaker than RVT. Furthermore, DFP-RVT restored the decrease in the GSH content and GPX and SOD activities (p < 0.01) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells in the dose-dependent manner, consistently in the order of RVT > DFP-RVT > DFP. Thus, the DFP-RVT hybrid possesses potent iron chelation, antioxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defense against oxidative liver damage under iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Pimpisid Koonyosying
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woranontee Korsieporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Narisara Paradee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuntouchaporn Hutachok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Honghong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hataichanok Chuljerm
- School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Inai Y, Izawa T, Kamei T, Fujiwara S, Tanaka M, Yamate J, Kuwamura M. Difference in the Mechanism of Iron Overload-Enhanced Acute Hepatotoxicity Induced by Thioacetamide and Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2024; 52:55-66. [PMID: 38528719 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241235623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Iron overload has been recognized as a risk factor for liver disease; however, little is known about its pathological role in the modification of liver injury. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of iron overload on liver injury induced by two hepatotoxicants with different pathogenesis in rats. Rats were fed a control (Cont), 0.8% high-iron (0.8% Fe), or 1% high-iron diet (1% Fe) for 4 weeks and were then administered with saline, thioacetamide (TAA), or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Hepatic and systemic iron overload were seen in the 0.8% and 1% Fe groups. Twenty-four hours after administration, hepatocellular necrosis induced by TAA and hepatocellular necrosis, degeneration, and vacuolation induced by CCl4, as well as serum transaminase values, were exacerbated in the 0.8% and 1% Fe groups compared to the Cont group. On the other hand, microvesicular vacuolation induced by CCl4 was decreased in 0.8% and 1% Fe groups. Hepatocellular DNA damage was increased by iron overload in both models, whereas a synergistic effect of oxidative stress by excess iron and hepatotoxicant was only present in the CCl4 model. The data showed that dietary iron overload exacerbates TAA- and CCl4-induced acute liver injury with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Inai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamei
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Mousavi-Aghdas SA, Farashi E, Naderi N. Iron Dyshomeostasis and Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Heart: A Review of the Literature. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2024; 24:19-37. [PMID: 38157159 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-023-00619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac contraction and relaxation require a substantial amount of energy provided by the mitochondria. The failing heart is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- and creatine-depleted. Studies have found iron is involved in almost every aspect of mitochondrial function, and previous studies have shown myocardial iron deficiency in heart failure (HF). Many clinicians advocated intravenous iron repletion for HF patients meeting the conventional criteria for systemic iron deficiency. While clinical trials showed improved quality of life, iron repletion failed to significantly impact survival or significant cardiovascular adverse events. There is evidence that in HF, labile iron is trapped inside the mitochondria causing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. There is also compelling preclinical evidence demonstrating the detrimental effects of both iron overload and depletion on cardiomyocyte function. We reviewed the mechanisms governing myocardial and mitochondrial iron content. Mitochondrial dynamics (i.e., fusion, fission, mitophagy) and the role of iron were also investigated. Ferroptosis, as an important regulated cell death mechanism involved in cardiomyocyte loss, was reviewed along with agents used to manipulate it. The membrane stability and iron content of mitochondria can be altered by many agents. Some studies are showing promising improvement in the cardiomyocyte function after iron chelation by deferiprone; however, whether the in vitro and in vivo findings will be reflected on on clinical grounds is still unclear. Finally, we briefly reviewed the clinical trials on intravenous iron repletion. There is a need for more well-simulated animal studies to shed light on the safety and efficacy of chelation agents and pave the road for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Farashi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imam Reza Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imam Reza Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kumfu S, Sripetchwandee J, Thonusin C, Sumneang N, Maneechote C, Arunsak B, Chunchai T, Oo TT, Kongkaew A, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Ferroptosis inhibitor improves cardiac function more effectively than inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis through cardiac mitochondrial protection in rats with iron-overloaded cardiomyopathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116727. [PMID: 37863361 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is the leading cause of death in cases of iron overload in patients. Previous studies demonstrated that iron overload led to cardiomyocyte dysfunction and death through multiple pathways including apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis. However, the dominant cell death pathway in the iron-overloaded heart needs clarification. We tested the hypothesis that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, plays a dominant role in IOC, and ferroptosis inhibitor exerts greater efficacy than inhibitors of apoptosis and necroptosis on improving cardiac function in iron-overloaded rats. Iron dextran was injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats for four weeks to induce iron overload. Then, the rats were divided into 5 groups: treated with vehicle, apoptosis inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK), necroptosis inhibitor (Necrostatin-1), ferroptosis inhibitor (Ferrostatin-1) or iron chelator (deferoxamine) for 2 weeks. Cardiac function, mitochondrial function, apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis were determined. The increased expression of apoptosis-, necroptosis- and ferroptosis-related proteins, were associated with impaired cardiac and mitochondrial function in iron-overloaded rats. All cell death inhibitors attenuated cardiac apoptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis in iron-overloaded rats. Ferrostatin-1 was more effective than the other drugs in diminishing mitochondrial dysfunction and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, both Ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine reversed iron overload-induced cardiac dysfunction as indicated by restored left ventricular ejection fraction and E/A ratio, whereas z-VAD-FMK and Necrostatin-1 only partially improved this parameter. These results indicated that ferroptosis could be the predominant form of cardiomyocyte death in IOC, and that inhibiting ferroptosis might be a potential novel treatment for IOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natticha Sumneang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thura Tun Oo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Walter S, Mertens C, Muckenthaler MU, Ott C. Cardiac iron metabolism during aging - Role of inflammation and proteolysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111869. [PMID: 37678569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron is the most abundant trace element in the human body. Since iron can switch between its 2-valent and 3-valent form it is essential in various physiological processes such as energy production, proliferation or DNA synthesis. Especially high metabolic organs such as the heart rely on iron-associated iron-sulfur and heme proteins. However, due to switches in iron oxidation state, iron overload exhibits high toxicity through formation of reactive oxygen species, underlining the importance of balanced iron levels. Growing evidence demonstrates disturbance of this balance during aging. While age-associated cardiovascular diseases are often related to iron deficiency, in physiological aging cardiac iron accumulates. To understand these changes, we focused on inflammation and proteolysis, two hallmarks of aging, and their role in iron metabolism. Via the IL-6-hepcidin axis, inflammation and iron status are strongly connected often resulting in anemia accompanied by infiltration of macrophages. This tight connection between anemia and inflammation highlights the importance of the macrophage iron metabolism during inflammation. Age-related decrease in proteolytic activity additionally affects iron balance due to impaired degradation of iron metabolism proteins. Therefore, this review accentuates alterations in iron metabolism during aging with regards to inflammation and proteolysis to draw attention to their implications and associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Walter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Wuppertal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Wuppertal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Pan Q, Gao M, Kim D, Ai W, Yang W, Jiang W, Brashear W, Dai Y, Li S, Sun Y, Qi Y, Guo S. Hepatocyte FoxO1 Deficiency Protects From Liver Fibrosis via Reducing Inflammation and TGF-β1-mediated HSC Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:41-58. [PMID: 37678798 PMCID: PMC10665954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The O-class of the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 is a crucial factor mediating insulin→PI3K→Akt signaling and governs diverse cellular processes. However, the role of hepatocyte FoxO1 in liver fibrosis has not been well-established. In his study, we investigated the role of hepatocyte FoxO1 in liver fibrosis and uncovered the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Liver fibrosis was established by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) administration and compared between liver-specific deletion of FoxO1 deletion (F1KO) and control (CNTR) mice. Using genetic and bioinformatic strategies in vitro and in vivo, the role of hepatic FoxO1 in liver fibrosis and associated mechanisms was established. RESULTS Increased FoxO1 expression and FoxO1 signaling activation were observed in CCL4-induced fibrosis. Hepatic FoxO1 deletion largely attenuated CCL4-induced liver injury and fibrosis compared with CNTR mice. F1KO mice showed ameliorated CCL4-induced hepatic inflammation and decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein levels compared with those of CNTR mice. In primary hepatocytes, FoxO1 deficiency reduced TGF-β1 expression and secretion. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from wild-type hepatocytes treated with CCL4 activated human HSC cell line (LX-2); such effect was attenuated by FoxO1 deletion in primary hepatocytes or neutralization of TGF-β1 in the CM using TGF-β1 antibody. Hepatic FoxO1 overexpression in CNTR mice promoted CCL4-induced HSC activation; such effect was blocked in L-TGF-β1KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic FoxO1 mediates CCL4-inducled liver fibrosis via upregulating hepatocyte TGF-β1 expression, stimulating hepatic inflammation and TGF-β1-mediated HSC activation. Hepatic FoxO1 may be a therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mingming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - DaMi Kim
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wesley Brashear
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yujiao Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yajuan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China.
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
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12
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Fefelova N, Wongjaikam S, Pamarthi SH, Siri-Angkul N, Comollo T, Kumari A, Garg V, Ivessa A, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Gwathmey JK, Xie LH. Deficiency of mitochondrial calcium uniporter abrogates iron overload-induced cardiac dysfunction by reducing ferroptosis. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:21. [PMID: 37227592 PMCID: PMC10589903 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload associated cardiac dysfunction remains a significant clinical challenge whose underlying mechanism(s) have yet to be defined. We aim to evaluate the involvement of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in cardiac dysfunction and determine its role in the occurrence of ferroptosis. Iron overload was established in control (MCUfl/fl) and conditional MCU knockout (MCUfl/fl-MCM) mice. LV function was reduced by chronic iron loading in MCUfl/fl mice, but not in MCUfl/fl-MCM mice. The level of mitochondrial iron and reactive oxygen species were increased and mitochondrial membrane potential and spare respiratory capacity (SRC) were reduced in MCUfl/fl cardiomyocytes, but not in MCUfl/fl-MCM cardiomyocytes. After iron loading, lipid oxidation levels were increased in MCUfl/fl, but not in MCUfl/fl-MCM hearts. Ferrostatin-1, a selective ferroptosis inhibitor, reduced lipid peroxidation and maintained LV function in vivo after chronic iron treatment in MCUfl/fl hearts. Isolated cardiomyocytes from MCUfl/fl mice demonstrated ferroptosis after acute iron treatment. Moreover, Ca2+ transient amplitude and cell contractility were both significantly reduced in isolated cardiomyocytes from chronically Fe treated MCUfl/fl hearts. However, ferroptosis was not induced in cardiomyocytes from MCUfl/fl-MCM hearts nor was there a reduction in Ca2+ transient amplitude or cardiomyocyte contractility. We conclude that mitochondrial iron uptake is dependent on MCU, which plays an essential role in causing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis under iron overload conditions in the heart. Cardiac-specific deficiency of MCU prevents the development of ferroptosis and iron overload-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Fefelova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Suwakon Wongjaikam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sri Harika Pamarthi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thomas Comollo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Anshu Kumari
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Garg
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Ivessa
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Judith K Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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13
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Liang Y, Wang H, Wu B, Peng N, Yu D, Wu X, Zhong X. The emerging role of N 6-methyladenine RNA methylation in metal ion metabolism and metal-induced carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121897. [PMID: 37244530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most common and abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, which can regulate gene expression and perform important biological tasks. Metal ions participate in nucleotide biosynthesis and repair, signal transduction, energy generation, immune defense, and other important metabolic processes. However, long-term environmental and occupational exposure to metals through food, air, soil, water, and industry can result in toxicity, serious health problems, and cancer. Recent evidence indicates dynamic and reversible m6A modification modulates various metal ion metabolism, such as iron absorption, calcium uptake and transport. In turn, environmental heavy metal can alter m6A modification by directly affecting catalytic activity and expression level of methyltransferases and demethylases, or through reactive oxygen species, eventually disrupting normal biological function and leading to diseases. Therefore, m6A RNA methylation may play a bridging role in heavy metal pollution-induced carcinogenesis. This review discusses interaction among heavy metal, m6A, and metal ions metabolism, and their regulatory mechanism, focuses on the role of m6A methylation and heavy metal pollution in cancer. Finally, the role of nutritional therapy that targeting m6A methylation to prevent metal ion metabolism disorder-induced cancer is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bencheng Wu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., LTD., Taicang, 215437, China
| | - Ning Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongming Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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14
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Li Y, An M, Fu X, Meng X, Ma Y, Liu H, Li Q, Xu H, Chen J. Bushen Wenyang Huayu Decoction inhibits autophagy by regulating the SIRT1-FoXO-1 pathway in endometriosis rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116277. [PMID: 36806342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Wenyang Huayu Decoction (BWHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney and warming Yang, thereby resolving blood stasis and relieving pain. BWHD can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with endometriosis (EMs), but its mechanism is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We evaluated the expression and role of the SIRT1-FoxO-1 pathway and autophagy levels in EMs rats. The therapeutic effects and potential therapeutic mechanisms of BWHD were also investigated. METHODS Twenty rats were randomized into the sham group and eighty rats were used for model establishment by autologous transplantation. After successful modeling, they were randomized into the model, BWHD, EX527+BWHD and EX527 groups, with 20 rats in each group. All rats were intragastrically administered with for 3 weeks. Localization of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Forkhead boxO-1 (FoXO-1), Beclin-1, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) and autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of the above proteins was determined by Western blot and their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were detected by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The protein and mRNA expressions of FoXO-1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7 in the model group were markedly increased, while that of SIRT1 was markedly decreased relative to the sham group (p < 0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of FoXO-1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of BWHD group were lower, while SIRT1 expression was higher than in the model group (p < 0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Furthermore, protein and mRNA expression levels of FoXO-1, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of EX527 group were higher, while SIRT1 level was significantly lower than in the model group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The EX527-induced changes in protein and mRNA expressions were reversed in the EX527+BWHD group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS BWHD inhibits autophagy by up-regulating SIRT1 and down-regulating FoXO-1 expression in EMs via the SIRT1-FoXO-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, it is a potential treatment for EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Mingli An
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Xinping Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Xin Meng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Yiming Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Qingxue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China.
| | - Huazhou Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
| | - Jingwei Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, PR China.
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15
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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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16
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Federti E, Vinchi F, Iatcenko I, Ghigo A, Matte A, Toya SCM, Siciliano A, Chiabrando D, Tolosano E, Vance SZ, Riccardi V, Andolfo I, Iezzi M, Lamolinara A, Iolascon A, De Franceschi L. Duality of Nrf2 in iron-overload cardiomyopathy. Haematologica 2023; 108:1335-1348. [PMID: 36700398 PMCID: PMC10153524 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy deeply affects quality of life and mortality of patients with b-thalassemia or with transfusion-dependent myelodysplastic syndromes. Recently, a link between Nrf2 activity and iron metabolism has been reported in liver ironoverload murine models. Here, we studied C57B6 mice as healthy control and nuclear erythroid factor-2 knockout (Nrf2-/-) male mice aged 4 and 12 months. Eleven-month-old wild-type and Nrf2-/- mice were fed with either standard diet or a diet containing 2.5% carbonyl-iron (iron overload [IO]) for 4 weeks. We show that Nrf2-/- mice develop an age-dependent cardiomyopathy, characterized by severe oxidation, degradation of SERCA2A and iron accumulation. This was associated with local hepcidin expression and increased serum non-transferrin-bound iron, which promotes maladaptive cardiac remodeling and interstitial fibrosis related to overactivation of the TGF-b pathway. When mice were exposed to IO diet, the absence of Nrf2 was paradoxically protective against further heart iron accumulation. Indeed, the combination of prolonged oxidation and the burst induced by IO diet resulted in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) system, which in turn promotes hepcidin expression independently from heart iron accumulation. In the heart of Hbbth3/+ mice, a model of b-thalassemia intermedia, despite the activation of Nrf2 pathway, we found severe protein oxidation, activation of UPR system and cardiac fibrosis independently from heart iron content. We describe the dual role of Nrf2 when aging is combined with IO and its novel interrelation with UPR system to ensure cell survival. We open a new perspective for early and intense treatment of cardiomyopathy in patients with b-thalassemia before the appearance of heart iron accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Federti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Verona
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA; Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Iana Iatcenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Verona
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarrone", University of Torino, Torino
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Verona
| | | | - Angela Siciliano
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Verona
| | - Deborah Chiabrando
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarrone", University of Torino, Torino
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarrone", University of Torino, Torino
| | - Steven Zebulon Vance
- Iron Research Laboratory, Lindsley Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Veronica Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and AOUI Verona, Verona
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University of Naples; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University of Naples; CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples
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17
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Protein Susceptibility to Peroxidation by 4-Hydroxynonenal in Hereditary Hemochromatosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032922. [PMID: 36769239 PMCID: PMC9917916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload caused by hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) increases free reactive oxygen species that, in turn, induce lipid peroxidation. Its 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) by-product is a well-established marker of lipid peroxidation since it reacts with accessible proteins with deleterious consequences. Indeed, elevated levels of HNE are often detected in a wide variety of human diseases related to oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated HNE-modified proteins in the membrane of erythrocytes from HH patients and in organs of Hfe-/- male and female mice, a mouse model of HH. For this purpose, we used one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis. We identified cytoskeletal membrane proteins and membrane receptors of erythrocytes bound to HNE exclusively in HH patients. Furthermore, kidney and brain of Hfe-/- mice contained more HNE-adducted protein than healthy controls. Our results identified main HNE-modified proteins suggesting that HH favours preferred protein targets for oxidation by HNE.
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18
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Zhabyeyev P, Sadasivan C, Shah S, Wang F, Oudit GY. Amlodipine rescues advanced iron overload cardiomyopathy in hemojuvelin knockout murine model: Clinical implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1129349. [PMID: 37153462 PMCID: PMC10160373 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1129349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a major co-morbidity of genetic hemochromatosis and secondary iron overload with limited therapeutic options. We aim to investigate mechanisms of rescue action of amlodipine in the murine model of iron overload, characterize changes in human cardiac tissue due to IOC, and compare them to the changes in the animal model of IOC. Methods and results As an animal model, we used male hemojuvelin knockout (HJVKO) mice, which lacked hemojuvelin (a co-receptor protein for hepcidin expression). The mice were fed a high-iron diet from 4 weeks to 1 year of age. As a rescue, iron-fed mice received the Ca2+ channel blocker, amlodipine, from 9 to 12 months. Iron overload resulted in systolic and diastolic dysfunctions and changes in the cardiac tissue similar to the changes in the explanted human heart with IOC. An IOC patient (β-thalassemia) with left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 25% underwent heart transplantation. The murine model and the explanted heart showed intra-myocyte iron deposition, fibrosis, hypertrophy, oxidative stress, remodeling of Ca2+ cycling proteins, and metabolic kinases typical of heart failure. Single-myocyte contractility and Ca2+ release were diminished in the murine model. The amlodipine-treated group exhibited normalization of cellular function and reversed fibrosis, hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and metabolic remodeling. We also report a clinical case of primary hemochromatosis successfully treated with amlodipine. Conclusions The aged HJVKO murine model on the iron-rich diet reproduced many features of the human case of IOC. The use of amlodipine in the murine model and clinical case reversed IOC remodeling, demonstrating that amlodipine is effective adjuvant therapy for IOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- MazankowskiAlberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chandu Sadasivan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- MazankowskiAlberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Saumya Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- MazankowskiAlberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Faqi Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- MazankowskiAlberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Correspondence: Gavin Y. Oudit
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19
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Palomarez A, Jha M, Medina Romero X, Horton RE. Cardiovascular consequences of sickle cell disease. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:031302. [PMID: 38505276 PMCID: PMC10903381 DOI: 10.1063/5.0094650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by a single point mutation within the beta globin gene. As a result of this mutation, hemoglobin polymerizes under low oxygen conditions causing red blood cells to deform, become more adhesive, and increase in rigidity, which affects blood flow dynamics. This process leads to enhanced red blood cell interactions with the endothelium and contributes to vaso-occlusion formation. Although traditionally defined as a red blood cell disorder, individuals with SCD are affected by numerous clinical consequences including stroke, painful crisis episodes, bone infarctions, and several organ-specific complications. Elevated cardiac output, endothelium activation along with the sickling process, and the vaso-occlusion events pose strains on the cardiovascular system. We will present a review of the cardiovascular consequences of sickle cell disease and show connections with the vasculopathy related to SCD. We will also highlight biophysical properties and engineering tools that have been used to characterize the disease. Finally, we will discuss therapies for SCD and potential implications on SCD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Palomarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Manisha Jha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Ximena Medina Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Renita E. Horton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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20
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Appraising the Causal Association between Systemic Iron Status and Heart Failure Risk: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163258. [PMID: 36014764 PMCID: PMC9412602 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although observational studies have shown that abnormal systemic iron status is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF), it remains unclear whether this relationship represents true causality. We aimed to explore the causal relationship between iron status and HF risk. Two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) was applied to obtain a causal estimate. Genetic summary statistical data for the associations (p < 5 × 10−8) between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and four iron status parameters were obtained from the Genetics of Iron Status Consortium in genome-wide association studies involving 48,972 subjects. Statistical data on the association of SNPs with HF were extracted from the UK biobank consortium (including 1088 HF cases and 360,106 controls). The results were further tested using MR based on the Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) and multivariate MR (MVMR). Of the twelve SNPs considered to be valid instrumental variables, three SNPs (rs1800562, rs855791, and rs1799945) were associated with all four iron biomarkers. Genetically predicted iron status biomarkers were not causally associated with HF risk (all p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis did not show evidence of potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Convincing evidence to support a causal relationship between iron status and HF risk was not found. The strong relationship between abnormal iron status and HF risk may be explained by an indirect mechanism.
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21
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Yang HJ, Kong B, Shuai W, Zhang JJ, Huang H. Shensong Yangxin attenuates metabolic syndrome-induced atrial fibrillation via inhibition of ferroportin-mediated intracellular iron overload. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154086. [PMID: 35421806 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shensong Yangxin (SSYX) is a traditional Chinese medicine been widely used clinically to treat various arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role and precise mechanism of SSYX in MS-induced AF have not yet been elucidated. PURPOSE To elucidate the protective effects of SSYX on MS-induced AF and its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were fed a 16-week high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet together with 25% fructose in drinking water to produce a MS model. Low-concentration (SSYX-L, 0.4 g/kg) and high-concentration (SSYX-H, 0.8 g/kg) of SSYX were given by daily gavage 8-weeks following HCHF diet for 8-weeks. In vivo electrophysiological study, histological analysis, RNA-sequence (RNA-Seq) and gene ontology (GO) analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed. RESULTS Both low-concentration and high-concentration of SSYX could inhibit MS-induced AF susceptibility, electrical remodeling and structural remodeling. Results from RNA-sequence analysis revealed intracellular iron homeostasis mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS. In vivo and in vitro experiments both demonstrated that SSYX up-regulated ferroportin (Fpn) expression and ameliorated intracellular iron overload induced by MS. To verified whether Fpn is the target of SSYX and intracellular iron overload mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS, adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) delivery system was used. Knocking down Fpn (AAV9-shFpn) markedly aggravated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, electrical remodeling and atrial fibrosis induced by MS, leading to a further increase of AF susceptibility induced by MS. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated for the first time that SSYX reduced AF susceptibility, inhibited electrical remodeling and structural remodeling via up-regulating Fpn, decreasing intracellular iron overload and reducing ROS production. These results suggest that SSYX might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China.
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22
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Zhang H, Jamieson KL, Grenier J, Nikhanj A, Tang Z, Wang F, Wang S, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Thompson R, Seubert JM, Oudit GY. Myocardial Iron Deficiency and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Advanced Heart Failure in Humans. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022853. [PMID: 35656974 PMCID: PMC9238720 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial iron deficiency (MID) in heart failure (HF) remains largely unexplored. We aim to establish defining criterion for MID, evaluate its pathophysiological role, and evaluate the applicability of monitoring it non‐invasively in human explanted hearts. Methods and Results Biventricular tissue iron levels were measured in both failing (n=138) and non‐failing control (NFC, n=46) explanted human hearts. Clinical phenotyping was complemented with comprehensive assessment of myocardial remodeling and mitochondrial functional profiles, including metabolic and oxidative stress. Myocardial iron status was further investigated by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Myocardial iron content in the left ventricle was lower in HF versus NFC (121.4 [88.1–150.3] versus 137.4 [109.2–165.9] μg/g dry weight), which was absent in the right ventricle. With a priori cutoff of 86.1 μg/g d.w. in left ventricle, we identified 23% of HF patients with MID (HF‐MID) associated with higher NYHA class and worsened left ventricle function. Respiratory chain and Krebs cycle enzymatic activities were suppressed and strongly correlated with depleted iron stores in HF‐MID hearts. Defenses against oxidative stress were severely impaired in association with worsened adverse remodeling in iron‐deficient hearts. Mechanistically, iron uptake pathways were impeded in HF‐MID including decreased translocation to the sarcolemma, while transmembrane fraction of ferroportin positively correlated with MID. Cardiac magnetic resonance with T2* effectively captured myocardial iron levels in failing hearts. Conclusions MID is highly prevalent in advanced human HF and exacerbates pathological remodeling in HF driven primarily by dysfunctional mitochondria and increased oxidative stress in the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance demonstrates clinical potential to non‐invasively monitor MID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - K Lockhart Jamieson
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Justin Grenier
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Anish Nikhanj
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Zeyu Tang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Faqi Wang
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada.,Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Cardiovascular Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Richard Thompson
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada.,Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and DentistryEdmonton Alberta Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
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23
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Dos Santos L, Bertoli SR, Ávila RA, Marques VB. Iron overload, oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction: Evidences from clinical studies and animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130172. [PMID: 35597504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although iron is a metal involved in many in vital processes due to its redox capacity, body iron overloads lead to tissue damage, including the cardiovascular system. While cardiomyopathy was the focus since the 1960s, the impact on the vasculature was comparatively neglected for about 40 years, when clinical studies correlating iron overload, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis reinforced an "iron hypothesis". Due to controversial results from some epidemiological studies investigating atherosclerotic events and iron levels, well-controlled trials and animal studies provided essential data about the influence of iron, per se, on the vasculature. As a result, the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in iron overload have been revisited. This review summarizes the knowledge obtained from epidemiological studies, animal models and "in vitro" cellular systems in recent decades, highlighting a more harmful than innocent role of iron excess for the vascular homeostasis, which supports our proposal to hereafter denominate "iron overload vasculopathy". Additionally, evidence-based therapeutic targets are pointed out to be tested in pre-clinical research that may be useful in cardiovascular protection for patients with iron overload syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Rodrigues Bertoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Faculdade Novo Milenio, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade Ávila
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Faculdades Integradas São Pedro (FAESA), Vitória, ES, Brazil
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24
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Alikhani M, Aalikhani M, Khalili M. Reduction of iron toxicity in the heart of iron-overloaded mice with natural compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174981. [PMID: 35487255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron-overload is one of the risk factors in susceptible individuals. Iron-overload causes complications such as diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, ventricular dilation, and systolic dysfunction in the heart. Therefore, particular care is needed for those who need blood transfusions or patients with underlying heart diseases. PURPOSE In this study, we examined the ability of six compounds, hesperidin, coumarin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin, to reduce the effects of iron-overdose in the heart of iron-overloaded mice. METHODS For this purpose, 84 mice were prepared and except for the control group, iron-overload conditions were created in them by injecting iron. The hearts of mice were then harvested and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were evaluated. Additionally, the amount of lipid peroxidation was measured by assessing the quantity of malondialdehyde. The physiopathology of cardiac tissue was considered by Perl's and H&E staining. RESULTS According to the results, almost all natural compounds showed better performance than desferal, as an iron chelator chemical. Meanwhile, hesperidin, vanillin, and ferulic acid were the best antioxidant compounds and were able to improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes by reducing the amount of deposited iron. CONCLUSION We recommend the use of the above compounds as natural iron chelators after completing additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Alikhani
- Department of Cardiology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Aalikhani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalili
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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25
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Hać PJ, Cieślik BM, Konieczka P. Review of cigars and cigar-type products as potential sources of consumer exposure to heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:172-196. [PMID: 35895917 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2052708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of cigars, growing since 1993, has not gone hand in hand with the increased interest of researchers in these products. Although the literature widely describes the harmfulness of tobacco and the content of toxic substances in tobacco products, the topic is often treated selectively as relating primarily to cigarettes and rarely extends to other products of the broadly defined tobacco industry. However, there is no reason to marginalize the harmful effects of other nicotine products, (which include tobacco products such as cigars). The study analyzed the available literature on the content of selected heavy metals in cigar tobacco. Among the heavy metals, the following contents of elements in tobacco were recorded in cigars: Fe (420-2200 µg/g), Mn (100-370 µg/g), Zn (14-180 µg/g), Cu (15-140 µg/g), Pb (not detected-32 µg/g), Cd (nd-19 µg/g), Ni (nd-13 µg/g), Cr (nd-10 µg/g), Co (0.65-1.0 µg/g), As (nd-0.66 µg/g), Hg (18-25 ng/g). Importantly, the values often differ between cigars of different origins and types, indicating the need for more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jacek Hać
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Michał Cieślik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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26
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Kumfu S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Iron overload cardiomyopathy: Using the latest evidence to inform future applications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:574-583. [PMID: 35130741 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221076397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload can be the result of either dysregulated iron metabolism in the case of hereditary hemochromatosis or repeated blood transfusions in the case of secondary hemochromatosis (e.g. in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients). Under iron overload conditions, transferrin (Tf) saturation leads to an increase in non-Tf bound iron which can result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These excess ROS can damage cellular components, resulting in the dysfunction of vital organs including iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC). Multiple studies have demonstrated that L-type and T-type calcium channels are the main routes for iron uptake in the heart, and that calcium channel blockers, given either individually or in combination with standard iron chelators, confer cardioprotective effects under iron overload conditions. Treatment with antioxidants may also provide therapeutic benefits. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dynamics and regulated cell death (RCD) pathways are potential targets for pharmacological interventions against iron-induced cardiomyocyte injury. In this review, the potential therapeutic roles of iron chelators, antioxidants, iron uptake/metabolism modulators, mitochondrial dynamics modulators, and inhibitors of RCD pathways in IOC are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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27
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Kozłowska B, Sochanowicz B, Kraj L, Palusińska M, Kołsut P, Szymański Ł, Lewicki S, Śmigielski W, Kruszewski M, Leszek P. Expression of Iron Metabolism Proteins in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030837. [PMID: 35160288 PMCID: PMC8837054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure, iron deficiency is a common comorbid disease that negatively influences exercise tolerance, number of hospitalizations and mortality rate, and this is why iron iv supplementation is recommended. Little is known about the changes in iron-related proteins in the human HF myocardium. The purpose of this study was to assess iron-related proteins in non-failing (NFH) vs. failing (FH) human myocardium. The study group consisted of 58 explanted FHs; control consisted of 31 NFHs unsuitable for transplantation. Myocardial proteins expressions: divalent metal transporter (DMT-1); L-type calcium channel (L-CH); transferrin receptors (TfR-1/TfR-2); ferritins: heavy (FT-H) or light (FT-L) chain, mitochondrial (FT-MT); ferroportin (FPN), regulatory factors and oxidative stress marker: 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In FH, the expression in almost all proteins responsible for iron transport: DMT-1, TfR-1, L-CH, except TfR-2, and storage: FT-H/-L/-MT were reduced, with no changes in FPN. Moreover, 4-HNE expression (pg/mg; NFH 10.6 ± 8.4 vs. FH 55.7 ± 33.7; p < 0.0001) in FH was increased. HNE-4 significantly correlated with DMT-1 (r = −0.377, p = 0.036), L-CH (r = −0.571, p = 0.001), FT-H (r = −0.379, p = 0.036), also FPN (r = 0.422, p = 0.018). Reducing iron-gathering proteins and elevated oxidative stress in failing hearts is very unfavorable for myocardiocytes. It should be taken into consideration before treatment with drugs or supplements that elevate free oxygen radicals in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Kozłowska
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Sochanowicz
- Centre of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland; (B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Leszek Kraj
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Piotr Kołsut
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland; (B.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-3434-483
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28
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Guo Y, Zhao H, Lin Z, Ye T, Xu D, Zeng Q. Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781839. [PMID: 35127704 PMCID: PMC8807526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Taochun Ye
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun Zeng, ; Dingli Xu,
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun Zeng, ; Dingli Xu,
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Polydatin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9947191. [PMID: 35075382 PMCID: PMC8783728 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9947191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors, but its application is greatly limited due to its nephrotoxicity; thus, there is still no effective medicine for the treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI). We previously identified that polydatin (PD) exerts nephroprotective effects by antioxidative stress in AKI models. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress-induced molecular events overlap with the process of ferroptosis and that there are common molecular targets, such as glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, whether the nephroprotective effect of PD is related to anti-ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, the inhibitory effect of PD on ferroptosis was observed in both cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells (20 μM) in vitro and a Cis-AKI mouse model (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in vivo, characterized by the reversion of excessive intracellular free iron accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and GSH depletion, and an increase in glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4) activity. Remarkably, PD dose-dependently alleviated cell death induced by the system Xc− inhibitor erastin (10 μM), and the effect of the 40 μM dose of PD was more obvious than that of ferrostatin-1 (1 μM) and deferoxamine (DFO, 100 μM), classical ferroptosis inhibitors. Our results provide insight into nephroprotection with PD in Cis-AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis via maintenance of the system Xc−-GSH-GPx4 axis and iron metabolism.
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Jayakumar D, S Narasimhan KK, Periandavan K. Triad role of hepcidin, ferroportin, and Nrf2 in cardiac iron metabolism: From health to disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126882. [PMID: 34710708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element required for several vital physiological and developmental processes, including erythropoiesis, bone, and neuronal development. Iron metabolism and oxygen homeostasis are interlinked to perform a vital role in the functionality of the heart. The metabolic machinery of the heart utilizes almost 90 % of oxygen through the electron transport chain. To handle this tremendous level of oxygen, the iron metabolism in the heart is utmost crucial. Iron availability to the heart is therefore tightly regulated by (i) the hepcidin/ferroportin axis, which controls dietary iron absorption, storage, and recycling, and (ii) iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1/2) via hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) pathway. Despite iron being vital to the heart, recent investigations have demonstrated that iron imbalance is a common manifestation in conditions of heart failure (HF), since free iron readily transforms between Fe2+ and Fe3+via the Fenton reaction, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage. Therefore, to combat iron-mediated oxidative stress, targeting Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling is rational. The involvement of Nrf2 in regulating several genes engaged in heme synthesis, iron storage, and iron export is beginning to be uncovered. Consequently, it is possible that Nrf2/hepcidin/ferroportin might act as an epicenter connecting iron metabolism to redox alterations. However, the mechanism bridging the two remains obscure. In this review, we tried to summarize the contemporary insight of how cardiomyocytes regulate intracellular iron levels and discussed the mechanisms linking cardiac dysfunction with iron imbalance. Further, we emphasized the impact of Nrf2 on the interplay between systemic/cardiac iron control in the context of heart disease, particularly in myocardial ischemia and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthy Jayakumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kishore Kumar S Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kalaiselvi Periandavan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
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The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112423. [PMID: 34800783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed iron-dependent cell death characterized by accumulation of lipid peroxides (LOOH) and redox disequilibrium. Ferroptosis shows unique characteristics in biology, chemistry, and gene levels, compared to other cell death forms. The metabolic disorder of intracellular LOOH catalyzed by iron causes the inactivity of GPX4, disrupts the redox balance, and triggers cell death. Metabolism of amino acid, iron, and lipid, including associated pathways, is considered as a specific hallmark of ferroptosis. Epidemiological studies and animal experiments have shown that ferroptosis plays an important character in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), heart failure (HF), cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This review systematically summarized the latest research progress on the mechanisms of ferroptosis. Then we report the contribution of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss and analyze the therapeutic approaches targeting for ferroptosis associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Mandala A, Chen WJ, Armstrong A, Malhotra MR, Chavalmane S, McCommis KS, Chen A, Carpenter D, Biswas P, Gnana-Prakasam JP. PPAR α agonist fenofibrate attenuates iron-induced liver injury in mice by modulating the Sirt3 and β-catenin signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G262-G269. [PMID: 34287090 PMCID: PMC8461793 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00129.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Iron accumulation is frequently associated with chronic liver diseases. However, our knowledge on how iron contributes to the liver injury is limited. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of several hepatic pathologies. We recently reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, fenofibrate, prevents iron-induced oxidative stress and β-catenin signaling by chelating the iron. Sirtuin3 (Sirt3), a type of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, that plays a critical role in metabolic regulation was found to prevent ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) by normalizing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In the present study, we explored if fenofibrate prevents iron-induced liver injury by regulating the Sirt3 and β-catenin signaling. In vitro and in vivo iron treatment resulted in the downregulation of PPARα, Sirt3, active β-catenin, and its downstream target gene c-Myc in the mouse liver. Pharmacological activation of Sirt3, both in vitro and in vivo, by Honokiol (HK), a known activator of Sirt3, abrogated the inhibitory effect of iron overload on active β-catenin expression and prevented the iron-induced upregulation of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and TGFβ expression. Intrinsically, PPARα knockout mice showed significant downregulation of hepatic Sirt3 levels. In addition, treatment of iron overload mice with PPARα agonist fenofibrate reduced hepatic iron accumulation and prevented iron-induced downregulation of liver Sirt3 and active β-catenin, mitigating the progression of fibrosis. Thus, our results establish a novel link between hepatic iron and PPARα, Sirt3, and β-catenin signaling. Further exploration on the mechanisms by which fenofibrate ameliorates iron-induced liver injury likely has significant therapeutic impact on iron-associated chronic liver diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hepatic intracellular iron accumulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic liver diseases. In this study, we identified a novel mechanism involved in the progression of fibrosis. Excess iron accumulation in liver caused downregulation of PPARα-Sirt3-Wnt signaling leading to fibrosis. This work has significant translational potential as PPARα agonist fenofibrate could be an attractive therapeutic drug for the treatment of liver disorders associated with iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Mandala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Austin Armstrong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Milan R Malhotra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sanmathi Chavalmane
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Jaya P Gnana-Prakasam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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33
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Xu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang H, Luo J, Luo Y, An P. Effects of dietary polyphenol supplementation on iron status and erythropoiesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:780-793. [PMID: 33871598 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iron-chelating activities of polyphenols raise concern whether there is a risk of iron deficiency or anemia induced by polyphenol supplementation. Results from clinical trials regarding the effects of polyphenol supplementation on iron status and erythropoiesis are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effects of polyphenol supplementation on iron status and erythropoiesis. METHODS Published articles were searched between May 1988 and 7 December, 2020. Finally, we identified 34 randomized controlled trials. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain the weighted mean difference of serum iron (SI), transferrin saturation (TS), ferritin, and hemoglobin concentration. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to determine the risk of bias. The robustness of the effect sizes was examined by sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Polyphenol supplementation had an inhibitory effect on the SI concentration (-13.72 μg/dL; 95% CI: -20.74, -6.71) and TS (-3.10%; 95% CI: -4.93, -1.27), with no effect on ferritin (-9.34 ng/mL; 95% CI: -28.55, 9.87). Polyphenols increased the hemoglobin concentration (8.53 g/L; 95% CI: 3.33, 13.73). In healthy participants, polyphenol reduced the TS (-3.83%; 95% CI: -7.47, -0.19) and increased the hemoglobin concentration (12.87 g/L; 95% CI: 1.61, 24.14). Similarly, polyphenol reduced the SI concentration (-8.60 μg/dL; 95% CI: -16.10, -1.10) and increased the hemoglobin concentration (8.50 g/L; 95% CI: 0.86, 16.15) in patients with metabolic diseases. In patients with β-thalassemia, polyphenol decreased the SI concentration (-23.19 μg/dL; 95% CI: -35.84, -10.55), TS (-3.23%; 95% CI: -5.54, -0.91), and ferritin concentration (-223.62 ng/mL; 95% CI: -359.32, -87.91), but had no effect on the hemoglobin concentration. CONCLUSION Healthy individuals and patients with metabolic diseases may benefit from the positive impact of polyphenols on erythropoiesis. Patients with β-thalassemia may benefit from the effect of polyphenols on reducing SI. This trial was registered at PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) as CRD42020161983.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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35
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Ávila RA, Rossi EM, de Carvalho GM, Krause M, Leopoldo AS, Carneiro MTWD, Dos Santos L. Moderate-intensity aerobic training reduces cardiac damage attributable to experimental iron overload in rats. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1772-1784. [PMID: 34148259 DOI: 10.1113/ep089429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The current literature indicates that oxidative stress plays a major role in iron overload. Although exercise is a well-established approach to treat/prevent cardiovascular diseases, its effects on iron overload are not known. What is the main finding and its importance? Moderate-intensity aerobic training had benefits in a rodent model of iron-overload cardiomyopathy by improving the antioxidant capacity of the heart. After further confirmation by translational and clinical studies, we should consider using this non-pharmacological, highly accessible and easily executable adjuvant approach allied to other therapies to improve the quality of life of iron-overloaded patients. ABSTRACT Iron is an essential micronutrient for several life processes, but its excess can damage organs owing to oxidative stress, with cardiomyopathy being the leading cause of death in iron-overloaded patients. Although exercise has long been considered as a cardioprotective tool, its effects on iron overload are not known. This study was designed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic training in rats previously submitted to chronic iron overload. Wistar rats received i.p. injections of iron dextran (100 mg/kg, 5 days/week for 4 weeks); thereafter, the rats were kept sedentary or exercised (60 min/day, progressive aerobic training, 60-70% of maximal speed, 5 days/week on a treadmill) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, haemodynamics were recorded and blood samples, livers and hearts harvested. Myocardial mechanics of papillary muscles were assessed in vitro, and cardiac remodelling was evaluated by histology and immunoblotting. Iron overload led to liver iron deposition, liver fibrosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, cardiac iron accumulation was accompanied by impaired myocardial mechanics, increased cardiac collagen type I and lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and release of creatine phosphokinase-MB to the serum. Although exercise did not influence iron levels, tissue injury markers were significantly reduced. Likewise, myocardial contractility and inotropic responsiveness were improved in exercised rats, in association with an increase in the endogenous antioxidant enzyme catalase. In conclusion, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was associated with attenuated oxidative stress and cardiac damage in a rodent model of iron overload, thereby suggesting its potential role as a non-pharmacological adjuvant therapy for iron-overload cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Andrade Ávila
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.,Faculdades Integradas São Pedro (FAESA), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Emilly Martinelli Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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36
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Barteková M, Adameová A, Görbe A, Ferenczyová K, Pecháňová O, Lazou A, Dhalla NS, Ferdinandy P, Giricz Z. Natural and synthetic antioxidants targeting cardiac oxidative stress and redox signaling in cardiometabolic diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:446-477. [PMID: 33905865 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are metabolic diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, rare genetic metabolic diseases, etc.) associated with cardiac pathologies. Pathophysiology of most CMDs involves increased production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense systems, resulting in cardiac oxidative stress (OxS). To alleviate OxS, various antioxidants have been investigated in several diseases with conflicting results. Here we review the effect of CMDs on cardiac redox homeostasis, the role of OxS in cardiac pathologies, as well as experimental and clinical data on the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants (including resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, vitamins A, C, and E, coenzyme Q10, etc.), synthetic antioxidants (including N-acetylcysteine, SOD mimetics, mitoTEMPO, SkQ1, etc.), and promoters of antioxidant enzymes in CMDs. As no antioxidant indicated for the prevention and/or treatment of CMDs has reached the market despite the large number of preclinical and clinical studies, a sizeable translational gap is evident in this field. Thus, we also highlight potential underlying factors that may contribute to the failure of translation of antioxidant therapies in CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Barteková
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kristína Ferenczyová
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oľga Pecháňová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81371 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, And Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
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Tinkov AA, Nguyen TT, Santamaria A, Bowman AB, Buha Djordjevic A, Paoliello MMB, Skalny AV, Aschner M. Sirtuins as molecular targets, mediators, and protective agents in metal-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2263-2278. [PMID: 34028595 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis, and especially overexposure, is known to cause adverse health effects due to modulation of a variety of metabolic pathways. An increasing body of literature has demonstrated that metal exposure may affect SIRT signaling, although the existing data are insufficient. Therefore, in this review we discuss the available data (PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar) on the influence of metal overload on sirtuin (SIRT) signaling and its association with other mechanisms involved in metal-induced toxicity. The existing data demonstrate that cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), hexavalent chromium (CrVI), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) can inhibit SIRT1 activity. In addition, an inhibitory effect of Cd, Pb, As, and Fe on SIRT3 has been demonstrated. In turn, metal-induced inhibition of SIRT was shown to affect deacetylation of target proteins including FOXO, PGC1α, p53 and NF-kB. Increased acetylation downregulates PGC1α signaling pathway, resulting in cellular altered redox status and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, as well as decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Lower rates of LKB1 deacetylation may be responsible for metal-induced decreases in AMPK activity and subsequent metabolic disturbances. A shift to the acetylated FOXO results in increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes which upregulates apoptosis together with increased p53 signaling. Correspondingly, decreased NF-kB deacetylation results in upregulation of target genes of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and cellular adhesion molecules thus promoting inflammation. Therefore, alterations in sirtuin activity may at least partially mediate metal-induced metabolic disturbances that have been implicated in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and other toxic effects of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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38
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Human ferroportin mediates proton-coupled active transport of iron. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4758-4768. [PMID: 33007076 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the sole iron exporter in humans, ferroportin controls systemic iron homeostasis through exporting iron into the blood plasma. The molecular mechanism of how ferroportin exports iron under various physiological settings remains unclear. Here we found that purified ferroportin incorporated into liposomes preferentially transports Fe2+ and exhibits lower affinities of transporting other divalent metal ions. The iron transport by ferroportin is facilitated by downhill proton gradients at the same direction. Human ferroportin is also capable of transporting protons, and this activity is tightly coupled to the iron transport. Remarkably, ferroportin can conduct active transport uphill against the iron gradient, with favorable charge potential providing the driving force. Targeted mutagenesis suggests that the iron translocation site is located at the pore region of human ferroportin. Together, our studies enhance the mechanistic understanding by which human ferroportin transports iron and suggest that a combination of electrochemical gradients regulates iron export.
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Ying H, Shen Z, Wang J, Zhou B. Role of iron homeostasis in the heart : Heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Herz 2021; 47:141-149. [PMID: 33978777 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-021-05039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an essential trace mineral in mammals and the second most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, iron acts as a double-edged sword in humans. Iron plays important beneficial roles in numerous biological processes ranging from deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis and protein function to cell cycle progression. However, iron metabolism disruption leads to widespread tissue degeneration and organ dysfunction. An increasing number of studies have focused on iron regulation pathways and have explored the relationship between iron and cardiovascular diseases. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, was first described in cancer cells and has recently been linked to heart diseases, including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of iron homeostasis and heart diseases and discuss potential relationships between ferroptosis and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangying Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310016, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
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40
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Akyuz E, Doganyigit Z, Eroglu E, Moscovicz F, Merelli A, Lazarowski A, Auzmendi J. Myocardial Iron Overload in an Experimental Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:609236. [PMID: 33643194 PMCID: PMC7905080 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.609236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled repetitive generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) are the main risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). GTCS can be observed in models such as Pentylenetetrazole kindling (PTZ-K) or pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus (SE-P), which share similar alterations in cardiac function, with a high risk of SUDEP. Terminal cardiac arrhythmia in SUDEP can develop as a result of a high rate of hypoxic stress-induced by convulsions with excessive sympathetic overstimulation that triggers a neurocardiogenic injury, recently defined as "Epileptic Heart" and characterized by heart rhythm disturbances, such as bradycardia and lengthening of the QT interval. Recently, an iron overload-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death called ferroptosis was described at the brain level in both the PTZ-K and SE-P experimental models. However, seizure-related cardiac ferroptosis has not yet been reported. Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) results from the accumulation of iron in the myocardium, with high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and accumulation of hemosiderin as the final biomarker related to cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. Iron overload cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in patients with iron overload secondary to chronic blood transfusion therapy; it is also described in hereditary hemochromatosis. GTCS, through repeated hypoxic stress, can increase ROS production in the heart and cause cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. We hypothesized that iron accumulation in the "Epileptic Heart" could be associated with a terminal cardiac arrhythmia described in the IOC and the development of state-potentially in the development of SUDEP. Using the aforementioned PTZ-K and SE-P experimental models, after SUDEP-related repetitive GTCS, we observed an increase in the cardiac expression of hypoxic inducible factor 1α, indicating hypoxic-ischemic damage, and both necrotic cells and hemorrhagic areas were related to the possible hemosiderin production in the PTZ-K model. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time an accumulation of hemosiderin in the heart in the SE-P model. These results suggest that uncontrolled recurrent seizures, as described in refractory epilepsy, can give rise to high hypoxic stress in the heart, thus inducing hemosiderin accumulation as in IOC, and can act as an underlying hidden mechanism contributing to the development of a terminal cardiac arrhythmia in SUDEP. Because iron accumulation in tissues can be detected by non-invasive imaging methods, cardiac iron overload in refractory epilepsy patients could be treated with chelation therapy to reduce the risk of SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Doganyigit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ece Eroglu
- Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Franco Moscovicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amalia Merelli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Lazarowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Auzmendi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pathophysiology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute (INFIBIOC), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Siri-Angkul N, Song Z, Fefelova N, Gwathmey JK, Chattipakorn SC, Qu Z, Chattipakorn N, Xie LH. Activation of TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) Channel Currents in Iron Overloaded Cardiac Myocytes. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e009291. [PMID: 33417472 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.009291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmias and heart failure are common cardiac complications leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with hemochromatosis, yet mechanistic insights remain incomplete. We investigated the effects of iron (Fe) on electrophysiological properties and intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) handling in mouse left ventricular cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were isolated from the left ventricle of mouse hearts and were superfused with Fe3+/8-hydroxyquinoline complex (5-100 μM). Membrane potential and ionic currents including TRPC (transient receptor potential canonical) were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Ca2+i was evaluated by using Fluo-4. Cell contraction was measured with a video-based edge detection system. The role of TRPCs in the genesis of arrhythmias was also investigated by using a mathematical model of a mouse ventricular myocyte with the incorporation of the TRPC component. RESULTS We observed prolongation of the action potential duration and induction of early and delayed afterdepolarizations in myocytes superfused with 15 µmol/L Fe3+/8-hydroxyquinoline complex. Iron treatment decreased the peak amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ current and total K+ current, altered Ca2+i dynamics, and decreased cell contractility. During the final phase of Fe treatment, sustained Ca2+i waves and repolarization failure occurred and ventricular cells became unexcitable. Gadolinium abolished Ca2+i waves and restored the resting membrane potential to the normal range. The involvement of TRPC activation was confirmed by TRPC channel current recordings in the absence or presence of functional TRPC channel antibodies. Computer modeling captured the same action potential and Ca2+i dynamics and provided additional mechanistic insights. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that iron overload induces cardiac dysfunction that is associated with TRPC channel activation and alterations in membrane potential and Ca2+i dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.).,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (N.S.-A., S.C.C., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (N.S.-A., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles (Z.S., Z.Q.)
| | - Nadezhda Fefelova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.)
| | - Judith K Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.)
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (N.S.-A., S.C.C., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles (Z.S., Z.Q.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (N.S.-A., S.C.C., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (N.S.-A., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.)
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Zhang H, Viveiros A, Nikhanj A, Nguyen Q, Wang K, Wang W, Freed DH, Mullen JC, MacArthur R, Kim DH, Tymchak W, Sergi CM, Kassiri Z, Wang S, Oudit GY. The Human Explanted Heart Program: A translational bridge for cardiovascular medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:165995. [PMID: 33141063 PMCID: PMC7581399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The progression of cardiovascular research is often impeded by the lack of reliable disease models that fully recapitulate the pathogenesis in humans. These limitations apply to both in vitro models such as cell-based cultures and in vivo animal models which invariably are limited to simulate the complexity of cardiovascular disease in humans. Implementing human heart tissue in cardiovascular research complements our research strategy using preclinical models. We established the Human Explanted Heart Program (HELP) which integrates clinical, tissue and molecular phenotyping thereby providing a comprehensive evaluation into human heart disease. Our collection and storage of biospecimens allow them to retain key pathogenic findings while providing novel insights into human heart failure. The use of human non-failing control explanted hearts provides a valuable comparison group for the diseased explanted hearts. Using HELP we have been able to create a tissue repository which have been used for genetic, molecular, cellular, and histological studies. This review describes the process of collection and use of explanted human heart specimens encompassing a spectrum of pediatric and adult heart diseases, while highlighting the role of these invaluable specimens in translational research. Furthermore, we highlight the efficient procurement and bio-preservation approaches ensuring analytical quality of heart specimens acquired in the context of heart donation and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anish Nikhanj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kaiming Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John C Mullen
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roderick MacArthur
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel H Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wayne Tymchak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Picca A, Saini SK, Mankowski RT, Kamenov G, Anton SD, Manini TM, Buford TW, Wohlgemuth SE, Xiao R, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Bernabei R, Hood DA, Marzetti E, Leeuwenburgh C. Altered Expression of Mitoferrin and Frataxin, Larger Labile Iron Pool and Greater Mitochondrial DNA Damage in the Skeletal Muscle of Older Adults. Cells 2020; 9:E2579. [PMID: 33276460 PMCID: PMC7760001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and iron (Fe) dyshomeostasis are invoked among the mechanisms contributing to muscle aging, possibly via a detrimental mitochondrial-iron feed-forward loop. We quantified the labile Fe pool, Fe isotopes, and the expression of mitochondrial Fe handling proteins in muscle biopsies obtained from young and older adults. The expression of key proteins of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and the abundance of the mitochondrial DNA common deletion (mtDNA4977) were also assessed. An inverse association was found between total Fe and the heavier Fe isotope (56Fe), indicating an increase in labile Fe abundance in cells with greater Fe content. The highest levels of labile Fe were detected in old participants with a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score ≤ 7 (low-functioning, LF). Protein levels of mitoferrin and frataxin were, respectively, higher and lower in the LF group relative to young participants and older adults with SPPB scores ≥ 11 (high-functioning, HF). The mtDNA4977 relative abundance was greater in old than in young participants, regardless of SPPB category. Higher protein levels of Pink1 were detected in LF participants compared with young and HF groups. Finally, the ratio between lipidated and non-lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (i.e., LC3B II/I), as well as p62 protein expression was lower in old participants regardless of SPPB scores. Our findings indicate that cellular and mitochondrial Fe homeostasis is perturbed in the aged muscle (especially in LF older adults), as reflected by altered levels of mitoferrin and frataxin, which, together with MQC derangements, might contribute to loss of mtDNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sunil K. Saini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Robert T. Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
| | - George Kamenov
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA;
| | - Stephen D. Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA;
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.L.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (S.K.S.); (R.T.M.); (S.D.A.); (T.M.M.); (S.E.W.); (R.X.); (C.L.)
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Yu W, Chen C, Cheng J. The role and molecular mechanism of FoxO1 in mediating cardiac hypertrophy. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:3497-3504. [PMID: 33089967 PMCID: PMC7755013 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy can lead to heart failure and cardiovascular events and has become a research hotspot in the field of cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive and in-depth research, the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy is far from being fully understood. Increasing evidence has shown that the transcription factor forkhead box protein O 1 (FoxO1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. This review summarizes the current literature on the role and molecular mechanism of FoxO1 in cardiac hypertrophy. We searched the database MEDLINE via PubMed for available evidence on the effect of FoxO1 on cardiac hypertrophy. FoxO1 has many effects on multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, aging, and stem cell activity. Recent studies have shown that FoxO1 plays a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Evidence for this relationship includes the following. (i) FoxO1 can regulate cardiac growth/protein synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and autophagy and (ii) is controlled by several upstream signalling molecules (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase, and sirtuins) and regulates many downstream transcription proteins (e.g. ubiquitin ligases muscle RING finger 1/muscle atrophy F-box, calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells, and microRNAs). In response to stress or external stimulation (e.g. low energy, oxidative stress, or growth factor signalling), FoxO1 undergoes post-translational modification and transfers from the cytoplasm to nucleus, thus regulating the expression of a series of target genes in myocardium that are involved in cardiac growth/protein synthesis, calcium homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and autophagy. (iii) Finally, targeted regulation of FoxO1 is an effective method of intervening in myocardial hypertrophy. The information reviewed here should be significant for understanding the roles of FoxO1 in cardiac hypertrophy and should contribute to the design of further studies related to FoxO1 and the hypertrophic response. It should also shed light on a potential treatment for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Internal MedicineXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Chunjuan Chen
- Department of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College69 Dong Xia North RoadShantou515041China
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Internal MedicineXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
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Accurate Noninvasive Assessment of Myocardial Iron Load in Advanced Heart Failure Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8885189. [PMID: 33224316 PMCID: PMC7669354 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8885189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Heart failure patients presenting with iron deficiency can benefit from systemic iron supplementation; however, there is the potential for iron overload to occur, which can seriously damage the heart. Therefore, myocardial iron (M-Iron) content should be precisely balanced, especially in already failing hearts. Unfortunately, the assessment of M-Iron via repeated heart biopsies or magnetic resonance imaging is unrealistic, and alternative serum markers must be found. This study is aimed at assessing M-Iron in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and its association with a range of serum markers of iron metabolism. Methods Left ventricle (LV) myocardial biopsies and serum samples were collected from 33 consecutive HF patients (25 males) with LV dysfunction (LV ejection fraction 22 (11) %; NT-proBNP 5464 (3308) pg/ml) during heart transplantation. Myocardial ferritin (M-FR) and soluble transferrin receptor (M-sTfR1) were assessed by ELISA, and M-Iron was determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in LV biopsies. Nonfailing hearts (n = 11) were used as control/reference tissue. Concentrations of serum iron-related proteins (FR and sTfR1) were assessed. Results LV M-Iron load was reduced in all HF patients and negatively associated with M-FR (r = -0.37, p = 0.05). Of the serum markers, sTfR1/logFR correlated with (r = -0.42; p = 0.04) and predicted (in a step-wise analysis, R 2 = 0.18; p = 0.04) LV M-Iron. LV M-Iron load (μg/g) can be calculated using the following formula: 210.24-22.869 × sTfR1/logFR. Conclusions The sTfR1/logFR ratio can be used to predict LV M-Iron levels. Therefore, serum FR and sTfR1 levels could be used to indirectly assess LV M-Iron, thereby increasing the safety of iron repletion therapy in HF patients.
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Castoldi F, Frati G, Versaci F, Sadoshima J, Kroemer G, Maiuri MC. Caloric restriction mimetics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1434-1449. [PMID: 33098415 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are emerging as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CRMs include natural and synthetic compounds able to inhibit protein acetyltransferases, to interfere with acetyl coenzyme A biosynthesis, or to activate (de)acetyltransferase proteins. These modifications mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is associated with the activation of autophagy. Previous evidence demonstrated the ability of CRMs to ameliorate cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling in animal models of ageing, mechanical overload, chronic myocardial ischaemia, and in genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In addition, CRMs were found to reduce acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In many cases, these beneficial effects of CRMs appeared to be mediated by autophagy activation. In the present review, we discuss the relevant literature about the role of different CRMs in animal models of cardiac diseases, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these compounds and their potential future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 40100 Latina, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Division of Cardiology, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou Jiangsu 215163, China.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Team "Metabolism, Cancer & Immunity", INSERM UMRS1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France.,Cell Biology and Metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Banchini F, Vallisa D, Maniscalco P, Capelli P. Iron overload and Hepcidin overexpression could play a key role in COVID infection, and may explain vulnerability in elderly, diabetics, and obese patients. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020013. [PMID: 32921750 PMCID: PMC7716981 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i3.9826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID epidemic hit like a tsunami worldwide. At the time of its arrival in Italy, available literary data were meager, and most of them concerned its epidemiology. World Health Organization proposed guidelines in march 2020, a strategy of treatment has been developed, and a significant number of subsequent articles have been published to understand, prevent, and cure COVID patients. METHODS From the observation of two patients, we performed a careful analysis of scientific literature to unearth the relation between COVID infection, clinical manifestations as pneumonia and thrombosis, and to find out why it frequently affects obese, diabetics, and elderly patients. RESULTS The analysis shows that hepcidin could represent one of such correlating factors. Hepcidin is most elevated in older age, in non-insulin diabetics patients and in obese people. It is the final target therapy of many medicaments frequently used. Viral disease, and in particular SARS-CoV19, could induce activation of the hepcidin pathway, which in turn is responsible for an increase in the iron load. Excess of iron can lead to cell death by ferroptosis and release into the bloodstream, such as free iron, which in turn has toxic and pro-coagulative effects. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of hepcidin and iron overload might play a crucial role in COVID infection, becoming potential targets for treatment. Hepcidin could also be considered as a biomarker to measure the effectiveness of our treatments and the restoration of iron homeostasis the final intent. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Banchini
- Department of General Surgery, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Daniele Vallisa
- Department of Hematology , Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Pietro Maniscalco
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Capelli
- Department of General Surgery, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza, Italy.
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Should we use ferritin in the diagnostic criteria of iron deficiency in heart failure patients? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 39:119-123. [PMID: 32859304 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and is associated with worse prognosis. We aimed at comparing the currently European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criterion for diagnosis of ID (ferritin < 100 μg/L or ferritin 100-299 μg/L with transferrin saturation [TSAT] < 20%) with either isolated low TSAT or isolated low ferritin on survival, in a cohort of HF patients. METHODS This was an observational prospective study, investigating ambulatory patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (n = 108). All patients were assessed for clinical aspects and iron indexes. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. RESULTS Abnormal iron status was observed in 50 (46%) of patients. During the median follow-up time of 857.5 [647-899] days, 31 patients died (29%). In univariate analyses ESC-criterion (p = 0.022) and isolated TSAT <20% (p = 0.002), but not isolated ferritin <100 μg/L (p = 0.439), were significantly related to an increased risk of all-cause death. However, in multivariate analyses only TSAT <20% (HR = 2.3; [95% CI: 1.11-4.85]; p = 0.026) was independently related to all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that diagnosis of ID based on isolated TSAT <20% identifies HF patients with worse prognosis, while ferritin was not associated with mortality risk, suggesting that ferritin should not be taken into account for evaluation of clinical impact of ID in HF patients.
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Gordan R, Fefelova N, Gwathmey JK, Xie LH. Iron Overload, Oxidative Stress and Calcium Mishandling in Cardiomyocytes: Role of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E758. [PMID: 32824344 PMCID: PMC7465659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) plays an essential role in many physiological processes. Hereditary hemochromatosis or frequent blood transfusions often cause iron overload (IO), which can lead to cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias; however, the underlying mechanism is not well defined. In the present study, we assess the hypothesis that IO promotes arrhythmias via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) depolarization, and disruption of cytosolic Ca dynamics. In ventricular myocytes isolated from wild type (WT) mice, both cytosolic and mitochondrial Fe levels were elevated following perfusion with the Fe3+/8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) complex. IO promoted mitochondrial superoxide generation (measured using MitoSOX Red) and induced the depolarization of the ΔΨm (measured using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, TMRM) in a dose-dependent manner. IO significantly increased the rate of Ca wave (CaW) formation measured in isolated ventricular myocytes using Fluo-4. Furthermore, in ex-vivo Langendorff-perfused hearts, IO increased arrhythmia scores as evaluated by ECG recordings under programmed S1-S2 stimulation protocols. We also carried out similar experiments in cyclophilin D knockout (CypD KO) mice in which the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is impaired. While comparable cytosolic and mitochondrial Fe load, mitochondrial ROS production, and depolarization of the ∆Ψm were observed in ventricular myocytes isolated from both WT and CypD KO mice, the rate of CaW formation in isolated cells and the arrhythmia scores in ex-vivo hearts were significantly lower in CypD KO mice compared to those observed in WT mice under conditions of IO. The mPTP inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA, 1 µM) also exhibited a protective effect. In conclusion, our results suggest that IO induces mitochondrial ROS generation and ∆Ψm depolarization, thus opening the mPTP, thereby promoting CaWs and cardiac arrhythmias. Conversely, the inhibition of mPTP ameliorates the proarrhythmic effects of IO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (R.G.); (N.F.); (J.K.G.)
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Ahmad I, Hoda M. Molecular mechanisms of action of resveratrol in modulation of diabetic and non-diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105112. [PMID: 32758636 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is among the major clinical manifestations of heart diseases that triggers malfunctioning of the cardiovascular system. Some of the major causal factors of cardiomyopathy includes myocardial ischemia, drug-toxicity, genetic aberrations, abnormal depositions of essential elements, and redox imbalance. Diabetes, being the major comorbid of cardiovascular diseases and vice versa, further contributes to the progression of cardiomyopathy. The molecular mechanisms of action suggest that oxidative stress is among the primary factors that triggers cascading impact on cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol, a phenolic antioxidant, has the potential to quench the excessive free radicals. It is a potent antioxidant supplement that may as well be a therapeutic molecule. The review focuses on the various molecular mechanisms of action that resveratrol potentiates in reversing or attenuating the progress of diabetic and non-diabetic cardiomyopathy triggered by wide range of factors. Additionally, resveratrol also tends to preserve the healthy heart from potential damage that may be triggered by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Muddasarul Hoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, IIA/27, Newtown, Kolkata, 700160, India.
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