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Foret MK, Orciani C, Welikovitch LA, Huang C, Cuello AC, Do Carmo S. Early oxidative stress and DNA damage in Aβ-burdened hippocampal neurons in an Alzheimer's-like transgenic rat model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:861. [PMID: 39004677 PMCID: PMC11247100 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributor to AD pathology. However, the earliest role of pre-plaque neuronal oxidative stress, remains elusive. Using laser microdissected hippocampal neurons extracted from McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats we found that intraneuronal amyloid beta (iAβ)-burdened neurons had increased expression of genes related to oxidative stress and DNA damage responses including Ercc2, Fancc, Sod2, Gsr, and Idh1. DNA damage was further evidenced by increased neuronal levels of XPD (Ercc2) and γH2AX foci, indicative of DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs), and by increased expression of Ercc6, Rad51, and Fen1, and decreased Sirt6 in hippocampal homogenates. We also found increased expression of synaptic plasticity genes (Grin2b (NR2B), CamkIIα, Bdnf, c-fos, and Homer1A) and increased protein levels of TOP2β. Our findings indicate that early accumulation of iAβ, prior to Aβ plaques, is accompanied by incipient oxidative stress and DSBs that may arise directly from oxidative stress or from maladaptive synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Orciani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chunwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Liu N, Li Y, Luo G, Jiang M, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang L. SIRT6 suppresses colon cancer growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy through transcriptionally down-regulating Survivin. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101932. [PMID: 38986922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
SIRT6, an evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase, has been identified as a novel direct downstream target of Akt/FoxO3a and a tumor suppressor in colon cancer in our previous research. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which SIRT6 hinders tumor development remain unclear. To ascertain whether SIRT6 directly impacts Survivin transcription, a ChIP assay was conducted using an anti-SIRT6 antibody to isolate DNA. YM155 was synthesized to explore Survivin's role in mitochondrial apoptosis, autophagy and tumor progression. Our investigation into the regulation of Survivin involved real-time fluorescence imaging in living cells, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and xenograft mouse assays. In this current study, we delved into the role of SIRT6 in colon cancer and established that activated SIRT6 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis by reducing Survivin expression. Subsequent examinations revealed that SIRT6 directly binds to the Survivin promoter, impeding its transcription. Notably, direct inhibition of Survivin significantly impeded colon cancer proliferation by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. More interestingly, Survivin inhibition reactivated the Akt/FoxO3a pathway and elevated SIRT6 levels, establishing a positive feedback loop. Our results identify Survivin as a novel downstream transcriptional target of SIRT6 that fosters tumor growth and holds promise as a prospective target for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Luo
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meimei Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Respirology & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Pereira M, Cruz MT, Fortuna A, Bicker J. Restoring the epigenome in Alzheimer's disease: advancing HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104052. [PMID: 38830501 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment options for Alzheimer's disease (AD) focus on symptom relief rather than halting disease progression. In this context, targeting histone deacetylation emerges as a promising therapeutic alternative. Dysregulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is present in AD, contributing to cognitive decline. Pharmacological HDAC inhibition has shown benefits in preclinical models, namely reduced amyloid beta plaque formation, lower phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein, greater microtubule stability, less neuroinflammation, and improved metabolic homeostasis and cell survival. Nonetheless, clinical trials evidenced limitations such as insufficient selectivity or blood-brain barrier penetration. Hence, future innovative strategies are required to enhance their efficacy/safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal.
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4
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Yang L, Wu X, Bian S, Zhao D, Fang S, Yuan H. SIRT6-mediated vascular smooth muscle cells senescence participates in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2024; 392:117483. [PMID: 38490134 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In this study, we carried out a clinical sample study, and in vivo and in vitro studies to evaluate the effect of SIRT6 and SIRT6-mediated vascular smooth muscle senescence on the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHOD AND RESULTS AAA specimen showed an increased P16, P21 level and a decreased SIRT6 level compared with control aorta. Time curve study of Ang II infusion AAA model showed similar P16, P21 and SIRT6 changes at the early phase of AAA induction. The in vivo overexpression of SIRT6 significantly prevented AAA formation in Ang II infusion model. The expression of P16 and P21 was significantly reduced after SIRT6 overexpression. SIRT6 overexpression also attenuated chronic inflammation and neo-angiogenesis in Ang II infusion model. The overexpression of SIRT6 could attenuate premature senescence, inflammatory response and neo-angiogenesis in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) under Ang II stimulation. CONCLUSIONS SIRT6 overexpression could limit AAA formation via attenuation of vascular smooth muscle senescence, chronic inflammation and neovascularity.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Angiotensin II
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Inflammation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Sirtuins/metabolism
- Sirtuins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Shuai Bian
- Department of Invasive Therapy, Anqing Municipal Hospital (Anqing Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University), Anqing, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- Jinan Third Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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5
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Li R, Li Y, Zuo H, Pei G, Huang S, Hou Y. Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Accelerates Cell Senescence and Suppresses SIRT1 in Human Neural Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 38397428 PMCID: PMC10886734 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As a lifelong source of neurons, neural stem cells (NSCs) serve multiple crucial functions in the brain. The senescence of NSCs may be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study reveals a noteworthy finding, indicating that the AD-associated pathogenic protein amyloid-β (Aβ) substantially enhances senescence-related characteristics of human NSCs. These characteristics encompass the enhanced expression of p16 and p21, the upregulation of genes associated with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), increased SA-β-gal activity, and the activation of the DNA damage response. Further studies revealed that Aβ treatment significantly downregulates the SIRT1 protein which plays a crucial role in regulating the aging process and decreases downstream PGC-1α and FOXO3. Subsequently, we found that SIRT1 overexpression significantly alleviates a range of Aβ-induced senescent markers in human NSCs. Taken together, our results uncover that Aβ accelerates cellular senescence in human NSCs, making SIRT1 a highly promising therapeutic target for senescent NSCs which may contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyao Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Liangzhu Laboratory of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Haowei Zuo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100100, China
| | - Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yujun Hou
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (R.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
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6
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Wang Y, Liu T, Cai Y, Liu W, Guo J. SIRT6's function in controlling the metabolism of lipids and glucose in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1244705. [PMID: 37876546 PMCID: PMC10591331 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1244705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the main cause of excess mortality in patients with type 2 DM. The pathogenesis and progression of DN are closely associated with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. As a member of the sirtuin family, SIRT6 has deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation enzyme activities as well as anti-aging and anticancer activities. SIRT6 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and signaling, especially in DN. SIRT6 improves glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, affecting insulin secretion and transmission and regulating lipid decomposition, transport, and synthesis. Targeting SIRT6 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for DN by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. This review elaborates on the important role of SIRT6 in glucose and lipid metabolism, discusses the potential of SIRT6 as a therapeutic target to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and alleviate DN occurrence and progression of DN, and describes the prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzi Cai
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Wu T, Qu Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Liu X, Ma D. SIRT6: A potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23099. [PMID: 37462453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301012r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal lipid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy can cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, abnormal death of myocardial cells, and myocardial remodeling. Mitochondrial homeostasis and normal lipid metabolism can effectively slow down the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies have shown that SIRT6 may play an important role in the pathological changes of diabetic cardiomyopathy such as myocardial cell death, myocardial hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress and glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, understanding the function of SIRT6 and its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is of great significance for exploring and developing new targets and drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the latest findings of SIRT6 in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on the regulation of mitochondria and lipid metabolism by SIRT6 to explore potential clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Qu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dufang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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8
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Nelson TJ, Xu Y. Sting and p53 DNA repair pathways are compromised in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8304. [PMID: 37221295 PMCID: PMC10206146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A common finding in AD is DNA damage. Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are particularly hazardous to neurons because their post-mitotic state forces neurons to rely on error-prone and potentially mutagenic mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. However, it remains unclear whether DNA damage results from increased DNA damage or failure of DNA repair. Oligomerization of the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an essential part of DSB repair, and p53 phosphorylated on S15 is an indicator of DNA damage. We report that the monomer:dimer ratio of phosphorylated (S15) p53 is increased by 2.86-fold in temporal lobes of AD patients compared to age-matched controls, indicating that p53 oligomerization is compromised in AD. In vitro oxidation of p53 with 100 nM H2O2 produced a similar shift in the monomer:dimer ratio. A COMET test showed a higher level of DNA degradation in AD consistent with double-strand DNA damage or inhibition of repair. Protein carbonylation was also elevated (190% of control), indicating elevated oxidative stress in AD patients. Levels of the DNA repair support protein 14-3-3σ, γ-H2AX, a phosphorylated histone marking double strand DNA breaks, and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein were all increased. cGAS-STING-interferon signaling was impaired in AD and was accompanied by a depletion of STING protein from Golgi and a failure to elevate interferon despite the presence of DSBs. The results suggest that oxidation of p53 by ROS could inhibit the DDR and decrease its ability to orchestrate DSB repair by altering the oligomerization state of p53. The failure of immune-stimulated DNA repair may contribute to cell loss in AD and suggests new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA.
| | - Yunhui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25704, USA
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9
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Histone Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020347. [PMID: 36833274 PMCID: PMC9956192 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) derives from a combination of genetic variants and environmental factors, epigenetic modifications have been predicted to play a role in the etiopathology of LOAD. Along with DNA methylation, histone modifications have been proposed as the main epigenetic modifications that contribute to the pathologic mechanisms of LOAD; however, little is known about how these mechanisms contribute to the disease's onset or progression. In this review, we highlighted the main histone modifications and their functional role, including histone acetylation, histone methylation, and histone phosphorylation, as well as changes in such histone modifications that occur in the aging process and mainly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we pointed out the main epigenetic drugs tested for AD treatment, such as those based on histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Finally, we remarked on the perspectives around the use of such epigenetics drugs for treating AD.
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10
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Smirnov D, Eremenko E, Stein D, Kaluski S, Jasinska W, Cosentino C, Martinez-Pastor B, Brotman Y, Mostoslavsky R, Khrameeva E, Toiber D. SIRT6 is a key regulator of mitochondrial function in the brain. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:35. [PMID: 36653345 PMCID: PMC9849342 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The SIRT6 deacetylase has been implicated in DNA repair, telomere maintenance, glucose and lipid metabolism and, importantly, it has critical roles in the brain ranging from its development to neurodegeneration. Here, we combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches to characterize the functions of SIRT6 in mouse brains. Our analysis reveals that SIRT6 is a central regulator of mitochondrial activity in the brain. SIRT6 deficiency in the brain leads to mitochondrial deficiency with a global downregulation of mitochondria-related genes and pronounced changes in metabolite content. We suggest that SIRT6 affects mitochondrial functions through its interaction with the transcription factor YY1 that, together, regulate mitochondrial gene expression. Moreover, SIRT6 target genes include SIRT3 and SIRT4, which are significantly downregulated in SIRT6-deficient brains. Our results demonstrate that the lack of SIRT6 leads to decreased mitochondrial gene expression and metabolomic changes of TCA cycle byproducts, including increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial number, and impaired membrane potential that can be partially rescued by restoring SIRT3 and SIRT4 levels. Importantly, the changes we observed in SIRT6-deficient brains are also occurring in aging human brains and particularly in patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease. Overall, our results suggest that the reduced levels of SIRT6 in the aging brain and neurodegeneration initiate mitochondrial dysfunction by altering gene expression, ROS production, and mitochondrial decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Smirnov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Eremenko
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniel Stein
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Shai Kaluski
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Weronika Jasinska
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Claudia Cosentino
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Barbara Martinez-Pastor
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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11
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Guo Z, Li P, Ge J, Li H. SIRT6 in Aging, Metabolism, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1787-1822. [PMID: 36465178 PMCID: PMC9662279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important NAD+-dependent enzyme, SIRT6 has received significant attention since its discovery. In view of observations that SIRT6-deficient animals exhibit genomic instability and metabolic disorders and undergo early death, SIRT6 has long been considered a protein of longevity. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated that SIRT6 functions as a deacetylase, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase and long fatty deacylase and participates in a variety of cellular signaling pathways from DNA damage repair in the early stage to disease progression. In this review, we elaborate on the specific substrates and molecular mechanisms of SIRT6 in various physiological and pathological processes in detail, emphasizing its links to aging (genomic damage, telomere integrity, DNA repair), metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion and lipid synthesis, lipolysis, thermogenesis), inflammation and cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury). In addition, the most recent advances regarding SIRT6 modulators (agonists and inhibitors) as potential therapeutic agents for SIRT6-mediated diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Della-Morte D, Pacifici F. Nature can still be the strongest help against aging and neurodegeneration: the sirtuins way. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1271-1272. [PMID: 36453409 PMCID: PMC9838169 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy,Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA,Correspondence to: David Della-Morte, .
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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13
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Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Bizoń A, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Piwowar A, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A. Role of Sirtuins in Physiology and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2434. [PMID: 36289696 PMCID: PMC9598817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulators, sirtuins (SIRTs), are a family of enzymes which take part in major posttranslational modifications of proteins and contribute to multiple cellular processes, including metabolic and energetic transformations, as well as regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, SIRTs have gained increased attention as the object of research because of their multidirectional activity and possible role in the complex pathomechanisms underlying human diseases. The aim of this study was to review a current literature evidence of SIRTs' role in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). SIRTs have been demonstrated to be crucial players in the crosstalk between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic alterations. The elucidation of SIRTs' role in the background of various CNS diseases offers a chance to define relevant markers of their progression and promising candidates for novel therapeutic targets. Possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications from SIRTs-related investigations are discussed, as well as their future directions and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Watroba M, Szukiewicz D. Sirtuins promote brain homeostasis, preventing Alzheimer’s disease through targeting neuroinflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:962769. [PMID: 36045741 PMCID: PMC9420839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.962769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both basic pathomechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease and some premises for stipulating a possible preventive role of some sirtuins, especially SIRT1 and SIRT3, protective against Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology, are discussed in this article. Sirtuins can inhibit some processes that underlie Alzheimer’s disease-related molecular pathology (e.g., neuroinflammation, neuroinflammation-related oxidative stress, Aβ aggregate deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle formation), thus preventing many of those pathologic alterations at relatively early stages of their development. Subsequently, the authors discuss in details which mechanisms of sirtuin action may prevent the development of Alzheimer’s disease, thus promoting brain homeostasis in the course of aging. In addition, a rationale for boosting sirtuin activity, both with allosteric activators and with NAD+ precursors, has been presented.
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15
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Mizutani H, Sato Y, Yamazaki M, Yoshizawa T, Ando Y, Ueda M, Yamagata K. SIRT7 Deficiency Protects against Aβ 42-Induced Apoptosis through the Regulation of NOX4-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Production in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169027. [PMID: 36012298 PMCID: PMC9408927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by irreversible memory loss and cognitive decline. The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), especially aggregation-prone Aβ42, is considered to be an early event preceding neurodegeneration in AD. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7 in mammals) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent lysine deacetylases/deacylases, and several sirtuins play important roles in AD. However, the involvement of SIRT7 in AD pathogenesis is not known. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT7 mRNA expression is increased in the cortex, entorhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex of AD patients. We also found that Aβ42 treatment rapidly increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression at the post-transcriptional level, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, SIRT7 knockdown inhibited Aβ42-induced ROS production and apoptosis by suppressing the upregulation of NOX4. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibition of SIRT7 may play a beneficial role in AD pathogenesis through the regulation of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mizutani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5068 (Y.S. & K.Y.); Fax: +81-96-364-6940 (Y.S. & K.Y.)
| | - Masaya Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5068 (Y.S. & K.Y.); Fax: +81-96-364-6940 (Y.S. & K.Y.)
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16
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Yuan Z, Zeng Y, Tian Y, Wang S, Hong B, Yang M. SIRT6 serves as a polyhedron in glycolytic metabolism and ageing-related diseases. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Clark JS, Kayed R, Abate G, Uberti D, Kinnon P, Piccirella S. Post-translational Modifications of the p53 Protein and the Impact in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Literature. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:835288. [PMID: 35572126 PMCID: PMC9096077 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.835288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis has developed with several hypotheses over the last 40 years, including the Amyloid and Tau hypotheses. More recently, the p53 protein, well-known as a genome guardian, has gained attention for its potential role in the early evolution of AD. This is due to the central involvement of p53’s in the control of oxidative stress and potential involvement in the Amyloid and Tau pathways. p53 is commonly regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), which affect its conformation, increasing its capacity to adopt multiple structural and functional states, including those that can affect brain processes, thus contributing to AD development. The following review will explore the impact of p53 PTMs on its function and consequential involvement in AD pathogenesis. The greater understanding of the role of p53 in the pathogenesis of AD could result in more targeted therapies benefiting the many patients of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Giulia Abate
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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18
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Deniz FSŞ, Eren G, Orhan IE. Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:790-805. [PMID: 35466876 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220422094744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are described as NAD+-dependent deacetylases, also known as class III histone deacetylases. So far, seven sirtuin genes (SIRTS 1-7) have been identified and characterized in mammals and also known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes. SIRTs are involved in various biological processes including endocrine system, apoptosis, aging and longevity, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammation, etc. Among them, the best characterized one is SIRT1. Actually, small molecules seem to be the most effective SIRT modulators. Flavonoids have been reported to possess many positive effects favrable for human health, while a relatively less research has been reported so far on their funcions as SIRT modulation mechanisms. In this regard, we herein aimed to focus on modulatory effects of flavonoids on SIRTs as the most common secondary metabolites in natural products. Our literature survey covering the years of 2006-2021 pointed out that flavonoids frequently interact with SIRT1 and SIRT3 followed by SIRT6. It can be also concluded that some popular flavonoid derivatives, e.g. resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin derivatives came forward in terms of SIRT modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökçen Eren
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara
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19
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Li L, Zhang H, Chen B, Xia B, Zhu R, Liu Y, Dai X, Ye Z, Zhao D, Mo F, Gao S, Orekhov AN, Prentki M, Wang L, Guo S, Zhang D. BaZiBuShen alleviates cognitive deficits and regulates Sirt6/NRF2/HO-1 and Sirt6/P53-PGC-1α-TERT signaling pathways in aging mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114653. [PMID: 34547420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE BaZiBuShen formula (BZBS) is clinically used to counteract mental fatigue and to retard the aging process. Brain aging echoes in major risks of human sufferings and has become one of the main challenges to our societies and the health-care systems. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect and mode of action of BZBS on aging-associated cognitive impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS BZBS was orally administered to D-galactose and NaNO2-induced aging mice. Premature senescence was assessed using the Morris water maze, step-down type passive avoidance, and pole-climbing tests. Telomere length was examined by qPCR analysis. Telomerase activity was assessed using PCR ELISA assay. Mitochondrial complex IV activity was examined by biochemical test. The levels of redox and immune status were determined by ELISA or biochemical assay. The expressions of sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), P53, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phospho(p)-nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2), caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated x (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the cerebral cortex were examined by Western blot and/or immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS BZBS intervention ameliorated reduced brain performances in aging mice, including memory, cognitive, and motor functions. In addition, BZBS administration to aging mice preserved redox homeostasis, attenuated immunosenescence, and maintained telomerase activity and telomere length. Moreover, BZBS treatment were associated with a declines in P53, caspase-3, Bax expressions and an increase in Sirt6, p-HO-1, p-NRF2, PGC-1α, and Bcl-2 expressions in the brains of this rapid aging mouse. CONCLUSIONS BZBS attenuates premature senescence possibly via the preservation of redox homeostasis and telomere integrity, and inhibition of apoptosis in rapid aging mouse. The mechanism governing the alterations may be associated with through the activation of Sirt6/NRF2/HO-1 and Sirt6/P53-PGC-1α-TERT signaling pathways. The results suggest that BZBS may provide a novel strategy for confronting aging and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bingke Xia
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia.
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM and Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2X 0A9, QC, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Department of Scientific Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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20
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Korotkov A, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Sirtuin 6: linking longevity with genome and epigenome stability. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:994-1006. [PMID: 34281779 PMCID: PMC8903056 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been in the spotlight of aging research because progeroid phenotypes are associated with SIRT6 deficiency. SIRT6 has multiple molecular functions, including DNA repair and heterochromatin regulation, which position SIRT6 as a hub that regulates genome and epigenome stability. Genomic instability caused by persistent DNA damage and accumulating mutations, together with alterations in the epigenetic landscape and derepression of repetitive genetic elements, have emerged as mechanisms driving organismal aging. Enhanced levels of SIRT6 expression or activity provide avenues for rejuvenation strategies. This review focuses on the role of SIRT6 in the maintenance of genome and epigenome stability and its link to longevity. We propose a model where SIRT6 together with lamins control aging and rejuvenation by maintaining epigenetic silencing of repetitive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA,Correspondence: or
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA,Correspondence: or
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21
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Hypoglycemia, Vascular Disease and Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes: Insights from Text Mining-Based Reconstruction and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Gene Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212419. [PMID: 34830301 PMCID: PMC8620086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia has been recognized as a risk factor for diabetic vascular complications and cognitive decline, but the molecular mechanisms of the effect of hypoglycemia on target organs are not fully understood. In this work, gene networks of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, cognitive decline, and Alzheimer's disease were reconstructed using ANDSystem, a text-mining-based tool. The gene network of hypoglycemia included 141 genes and 2467 interactions. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes showed that the regulation of insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, apoptosis, nitric oxide biosynthesis, and cell signaling are significantly enriched for hypoglycemia. Among the network hubs, INS, IL6, LEP, TNF, IL1B, EGFR, and FOS had the highest betweenness centrality, while GPR142, MBOAT4, SLC5A4, IGFBP6, PPY, G6PC1, SLC2A2, GYS2, GCGR, and AQP7 demonstrated the highest cross-talk specificity. Hypoglycemia-related genes were overrepresented in the gene networks of diabetic complications and comorbidity; moreover, 14 genes were mutual for all studied disorders. Eleven GO biological processes (glucose homeostasis, nitric oxide biosynthesis, smooth muscle cell proliferation, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, etc.) were overrepresented in all reconstructed networks. The obtained results expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the deteriorating effects of hypoglycemia in diabetes-associated vascular disease and cognitive dysfunction.
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22
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Fernando KKM, Wijayasinghe YS. Sirtuins as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Mitigating Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:746631. [PMID: 34630044 PMCID: PMC8492950 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.746631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, which is associated with memory deficit and global cognitive decline. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD and, in recent years, it is becoming increasingly appreciated that aging-related neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. The presence of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the primary pathological hallmarks of AD; defects which can then activate a cascade of molecular inflammatory pathways in glial cells. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), are the major triggers of inflammation; a response which is typically intended to prevent further damage to the CNS. However, persistent microglial activation (i.e., neuroinflammation) is toxic to both neurons and glia, which then leads to neurodegeneration. Growing evidence supports a central role for sirtuins in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that modulate a number of cellular processes associated with inflammation. This review examines the latest findings regarding AD-associated neuroinflammation, mainly focusing on the connections among the microglial molecular pathways of inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the biology of sirtuins, and their role in neuroinflammation. Suppression of microglial activity through modulation of the sirtuin activity has now become a key area of research, where progress in therapeutic interventions may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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23
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Fan Y, Cheng J, Yang Q, Feng J, Hu J, Ren Z, Yang H, Yang D, Ding G. Sirt6-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 activation alleviates angiotensin II-induced DNA DSBs and apoptosis in podocytes. Food Funct 2021; 12:7867-7882. [PMID: 34240732 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were associated with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of Sirtuin6 (Sirt6), a histone deacetylase related to DNA damage repair, in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced DNA DSBs and the cell injury of podocytes and explore the possible mechanism. Here we showed that an increase of DNA DSBs was accompanied by a reduction in Sirt6 expression in the glomeruli of patients with hypertensive nephropathy (HN). Similar results were found in rat kidneys infused with Ang II and in cultured podocytes stimulated with Ang II. Sirt6 overexpression inhibited Ang II-induced ROS generation and DNA DSBs, and thus served as a protection against Ang II-induced apoptosis in podocytes. Moreover, Sirt6 activation enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expressions in podocytes after Ang II treatment. Furthermore, Nrf2 knockdown could partly reverse the cytoprotective effects of Sirt6 activation. In conclusion, our observations demonstrated that the Sirt6-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway played a vital role in relieving Ang II-mediated oxidative DNA damage and podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Fan
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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24
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Liberale L, Gaul DS, Akhmedov A, Bonetti NR, Nageswaran V, Costantino S, Pahla J, Weber J, Fehr V, Vdovenko D, Semerano A, Giacalone G, Kullak-Ublick GA, Sessa M, Eriksson U, Paneni F, Ruschitzka F, Montecucco F, Beer JH, Lüscher TF, Matter CM, Camici GG. Endothelial SIRT6 blunts stroke size and neurological deficit by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity: a translational study. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:1575-1587. [PMID: 31603194 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging is an established risk factor for stroke; genes regulating longevity are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke where to date, therapeutic options remain limited. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucially involved in ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury thus representing an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic agents. Given the role of endothelial cells in the BBB, we hypothesized that the endothelial-specific expression of the recently described longevity gene SIRT6 may exhibit protective properties in stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS SIRT6 endothelial expression was reduced following stroke. Endothelial-specific Sirt6 knockout (eSirt6-/-) mice, as well as animals in which Sirt6 overexpression was post-ischaemically induced, underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). eSirt6-/- animals displayed increased infarct volumes, mortality, and neurological deficit after tMCAO, as compared to control littermates. Conversely, post-ischaemic Sirt6 overexpression decreased infarct size and neurological deficit. Analysis of ischaemic brain sections revealed increased BBB damage and endothelial expression of cleaved caspase-3 in eSIRT6-/- mice as compared to controls. In primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs), hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) reduced SIRT6 expression and SIRT6 silencing impaired the barrier function (transendothelial resistance) similar to what was observed in mice exposed to I/R. Further, SIRT6-silenced HBMVECs exposed to H/R showed reduced viability, increased cleaved caspase-3 expression and reduced activation of the survival pathway Akt. In ischaemic stroke patients, SIRT6 expression was higher in those with short-term neurological improvement as assessed by NIHSS scale and correlated with stroke outcome. CONCLUSION Endothelial SIRT6 exerts a protective role in ischaemic stroke by blunting I/R-mediated BBB damage and thus, it may represent an interesting novel therapeutic target to be explored in future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Daniel S Gaul
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, Baden 5404, Switzerland
| | - Vanasa Nageswaran
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pahla
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Julien Weber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Vera Fehr
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Aurora Semerano
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giacalone
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Sessa
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,GZO Spital Wetzikon, Spitalstrasse 66, Wetzikon 8620, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.go R. Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Jürg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, Baden 5404, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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25
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Li X, Liu L, Li T, Liu M, Wang Y, Ma H, Mu N, Wang H. SIRT6 in Senescence and Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641315. [PMID: 33855020 PMCID: PMC8039379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 belongs to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Its function is similar to the Silent Information Regulator 2 (SIR2), which prolongs lifespan and regulates genomic stability, telomere integrity, transcription, and DNA repair. It has been demonstrated that increasing the sirtuin level through genetic manipulation extends the lifespan of yeast, nematodes and flies. Deficiency of SIRT6 induces chronic inflammation, autophagy disorder and telomere instability. Also, these cellular processes can lead to the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Herein, we discuss the implications of SIRT6 regulates multiple cellular processes in cell senescence and aging-related CVDs, and we summarize clinical application of SIRT6 agonists and possible therapeutic interventions in aging-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Mu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Liu G, Chen H, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhou J. Emerging roles of SIRT6 in human diseases and its modulators. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1089-1137. [PMID: 33325563 PMCID: PMC7906922 DOI: 10.1002/med.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6; e.g., deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and mono-ADP-ribosylation) play a pivotal role in regulating lifespan and several fundamental processes controlling aging such as DNA repair, gene expression, and telomeric maintenance. Over the past decades, the aberration of SIRT6 has been extensively observed in diverse life-threatening human diseases. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the critical roles of SIRT6 in the onset and progression of human diseases including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, steatohepatitis, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, renal and corneal injuries, as well as the elucidation of the related signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the advances in the development of small molecule SIRT6 modulators including activators and inhibitors as well as their pharmacological profiles toward potential therapeutics for SIRT6-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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27
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Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, Fukuzato N, O'Hashi K, Kunugi H, Sohya K. Sirtuin 6 is a regulator of dendrite morphogenesis in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104959. [PMID: 33444676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the Sirtuin family, acts as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylase, mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, and fatty acid deacylase, and plays critical roles in inflammation, aging, glycolysis, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence has suggested that SIRT6 is involved in brain functions such as neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis, and learning and memory. However, the precise molecular roles of SIRT6 during neuronal circuit formation are not yet well understood. In this study, we tried to elucidate molecular roles of SIRT6 on neurite development by using primary-cultured hippocampal neurons. We observed that SIRT6 was abundantly localized in the nucleus, and its expression was markedly increased during neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. By using shRNA-mediated SIRT6-knockdown, we show that both dendritic length and the number of dendrite branches were significantly reduced in the SIRT6-knockdown neurons. Microarray and subsequent gene ontology analysis revealed that reducing SIRT6 caused the downregulation of immediate early genes (IEGs) and alteration of several biological processes including MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling. We found that nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated ERK1/2 was significantly reduced in SIRT6-knockdown neurons. Overexpression of SIRT6 promoted dendritic length and branching, but the mutants lacking deacetylase activity had no significant effect on the dendritic morphology. Collectively, the presented findings reveal a role of SIRT6 in dendrite morphogenesis, and suggest that SIRT6 may act as an important regulator of ERK1/2 signaling pathway that mediates IEG expression, which leads to dendritic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuzato
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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28
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Kakouri E, Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Tarantilis PA, Samarghandian S. Tantalizing role of p53 molecular pathways and its coherent medications in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:93-103. [PMID: 33440210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incongruous, commonly age-related disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, comprising the most prevalent being Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Perilous health states are anticipated following the neurodegeneration. Their etiology remains largely ambiguous, while various mechanisms are ascribed to their pathogenesis. A recommended conception is regarding the role of p53, as a transcription factor regulating numerous cellular pathways comprising apoptosis. Neuronal fates are a feasible occurrence that contributes to all neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the research investigated the potential role of p53 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We put special emphasis on intricate We not only describe aberrant changes in p53 level/activity observed in CNS regions affected by particular diseases but, most importantly, put special attention to the complicated reciprocal tuning connections prevailing between p53 and molecules considered in pathological hallmarks of these disorders. Natural and synthetic medications regulating p53 expression are regarded as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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29
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Yeong KY, Berdigaliyev N, Chang Y. Sirtuins and Their Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases from a Drug Discovery Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4073-4091. [PMID: 33280374 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes that target both histone and non-histone substrates. They are linked to different brain functions and the regulation of different isoforms of these enzymes is touted to be an emerging therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The level of sirtuins affects brain health as many sirtuin-regulated pathways are responsible for the progression of NDs. Certain sirtuins are also implicated in aging, which is a risk factor for many NDs. In addition to SIRT1-3, it has been suggested that the less studied sirtuins (SIRT4-7) also play critical roles in brain health. This review delineates the role of each sirtuin isoform in NDs from a disease centric perspective and provides an up-to-date overview of sirtuin modulators and their potential use as therapeutics in these diseases. Furthermore, the future perspectives for sirtuin modulator development and their therapeutic application in neurodegeneration are outlined in detail, hence providing a research direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurken Berdigaliyev
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuin Chang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC), Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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30
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Raj S, Dsouza LA, Singh SP, Kanwal A. Sirt6 Deacetylase: A Potential Key Regulator in the Prevention of Obesity, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598326. [PMID: 33442387 PMCID: PMC7797778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, NAD + dependent proteins belonging to class III histone deacetylases, are involved in regulating numerous cellular processes including cellular stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, transcription, and apoptosis. Of the seven mammalian sirtuins present in humans, Sirt6 is an essential nuclear sirtuin. Until recently, Sirt6 was thought to regulate chromatin silencing, but new research indicates its role in aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Various murine models demonstrate that Sirt6 activation is beneficial in alleviating many disease conditions and increasing lifespan, showing that Sirt6 is a critical therapeutic target in the treatment of various disease conditions in humans. Sirt6 also regulates the pathogenesis of multiple diseases by acting on histone proteins and non-histone proteins. Endogenous and non-endogenous modulators regulate both activation and inhibition of Sirt6. Few Sirt6 specific non-endogenous modulators have been identified. Hence the identification of Sirt6 specific modulators may have potential therapeutic roles in the diseases described above. In this review, we describe the development of Sirt6, the role it plays in the human condition, the functional role and therapeutic importance in disease processes, and specific modulators and molecular mechanism of Sirt6 in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, cardiovascular disease, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Liston Augustine Dsouza
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shailendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, India
| | - Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, India
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31
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Abate G, Frisoni GB, Bourdon JC, Piccirella S, Memo M, Uberti D. The pleiotropic role of p53 in functional/dysfunctional neurons: focus on pathogenesis and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:160. [PMID: 33272326 PMCID: PMC7712978 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the earliest pathophysiological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may aid in the search for timely diagnostic biomarkers and effective disease-modifying therapies. The p53 protein is mostly known for its role in tumor suppression. However, emerging evidence supports that dysregulated p53 activity may contribute to various peripheral and brain alterations during the earliest stages of AD. This review describes the mechanisms through which p53 dysregulation may exacerbate AD pathology and how this could be used as a potential peripheral biomarker for early detection of the disease. MAIN BODY: p53, known as the guardian of the genome, may underlie various compensation or defense mechanisms that prevent neurons from degeneration. These mechanisms include maintenance of redox homeostasis, regulation of inflammation, control of synaptic function, reduction of amyloid β peptides, and inhibition of neuronal cell cycle re-entry. Thereby, dysregulation of p53-dependent compensation mechanisms may contribute to neuronal dysfunction, thus leading to neurodegeneration. Interestingly, a conformational misfolded variant of p53, described in the literature as unfolded p53, which has lost its canonical structure and function, was observed in peripheral cells from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. In AD pathology, this peculiar conformational variant was caused by post-translational modifications rather than mutations as commonly observed in cancer. Although the presence of the conformational variant of p53 in the brain has yet to be formally demonstrated, the plethora of p53-dependent compensation mechanisms underscores that the guardian of the genome may not only be lost in the periphery during AD pathology. CONCLUSION These findings revisit the role of p53 in the early development and exacerbation of AD pathology, both in the brain and periphery. The conformational variant of p53 represents a potential peripheral biomarker that could detect AD at its earliest stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy.
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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32
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Chen X, Sun W, Huang S, Zhang H, Lin G, Li H, Qiao J, Li L, Yang S. Discovery of Potent Small-Molecule SIRT6 Activators: Structure-Activity Relationship and Anti-Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Activity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10474-10495. [PMID: 32787077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIRT6 activation is thought to be a promising target for the treatment of many diseases, particularly cancer. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of new small-molecule SIRT6 activators. Structure-activity relationship analyses led to the identification of the most potent compound, 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N-(diphenylmethyl) quinoline-4-carboxamide (12q), which showed an EC1.5 value of 0.58 ± 0.12 μM and an EC50 value of 5.35 ± 0.69 μM against SIRT6-dependent peptide deacetylation in FLUOR DE LYS assay. It exhibited weak or no activity against other HDAC family members as well as 415 kinases, indicating good selectivity for SIRT6. 12q significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells in vitro. It also markedly suppressed the tumor growth in a PDAC tumor xenograft model. This compound showed attractive pharmacokinetic properties. Overall, 12q could be a good lead compound for the treatment of PDAC, and it is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weining Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
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33
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Jang HJ, Yang KE, Oh WK, Lee SI, Hwang IH, Ban KT, Yoo HS, Choi JS, Yeo EJ, Jang IS. Nectandrin B-mediated activation of the AMPK pathway prevents cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts by reducing intracellular ROS levels. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3731-3749. [PMID: 31199782 PMCID: PMC6594796 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nectandrin B (NecB) is a bioactive lignan compound isolated from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), which functions as an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Because we recently found that treatment with NecB increased the cell viability of old human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated. NecB treatment in old HDFs reduced the activity staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and the levels of senescence markers, such as the Ser15 phosphorylated p53, caveolin-1, p21waf1, p16ink4a, p27kip1, and cyclin D1. NecB treatment increased that in S phase, indicating a enhancement of cell cycle entry. Interestingly, NecB treatment ameliorated age-dependent activation of AMPK in old HDFs. Moreover, NecB reversed the age-dependent expression and/or activity changes of certain sirtuins (SIRT1-5), and cell survival/death-related proteins. The transcriptional activity of Yin-Yang 1 and the expression of downstream proteins were elevated in NecB-treated old HDFs. In addition, NecB treatment exerted a radical scavenging effect in vitro, reduced cellular ROS levels, and increased antioxidant enzymes in old HDFs. Moreover, NecB-mediated activation of the AMPK pathway reduced intracellular ROS levels. These results suggest that NecB-induced protection against cellular senescence is mediated by ROS-scavenging through activation of AMPK. NecB might be useful in ameliorating age-related diseases and extending human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-I Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Ban
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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34
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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35
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Contributions of DNA Damage to Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051666. [PMID: 32121304 PMCID: PMC7084447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Its typical pathology consists of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes increase Aβ production and aggregation, and thus cause early onset or familial AD. Even with this strong genetic evidence, recent studies support AD to result from complex etiological alterations. Among them, aging is the strongest risk factor for the vast majority of AD cases: Sporadic late onset AD (LOAD). Accumulation of DNA damage is a well-established aging factor. In this regard, a large amount of evidence reveals DNA damage as a critical pathological cause of AD. Clinically, DNA damage is accumulated in brains of AD patients. Genetically, defects in DNA damage repair resulted from mutations in the BRAC1 and other DNA damage repair genes occur in AD brain and facilitate the pathogenesis. Abnormalities in DNA damage repair can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the association, the causative potential, and the biomarker values of DNA damage in AD pathogenesis.
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36
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Sanderson JM. Far from Inert: Membrane Lipids Possess Intrinsic Reactivity That Has Consequences for Cell Biology. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900147. [PMID: 31995246 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, it is hypothesized that a fundamental chemical reactivity exists between some non-lipid constituents of cellular membranes and ester-based lipids, the significance of which is not generally recognized. Many peptides and smaller organic molecules have now been shown to undergo lipidation reactions in model membranes in circumstances where direct reaction with the lipid is the only viable route for acyl transfer. Crucially, drugs like propranolol are lipidated in vivo with product profiles that are comparable to those produced in vitro. Some compounds have also been found to promote lipid hydrolysis. Drugs with high lytic activity in vivo tend to have higher toxicity in vitro. Deacylases and lipases are proposed as key enzymes that protect cells against the effects of intrinsic lipidation. The toxic effects of intrinsic lipidation are hypothesized to include a route by which nucleation can occur during the formation of amyloid fibrils.
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Dichotomous Sirtuins: Implications for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1021-1039. [PMID: 31704173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are central regulators of metabolic homeostasis and stress responses. While numerous salutary effects associated with sirtuin activation, especially SIRT1, are well documented, other reports show health benefits resulting from sirtuin inhibition. Furthermore, conflicting findings have been obtained regarding the pathophysiological role of specific sirtuin isoforms, suggesting that sirtuins act as 'double-edged swords'. Here, we provide an integrated overview of the different findings on the role of mammalian sirtuins in neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders and attempt to dissect the reasons behind these different effects. Finally, we discuss how addressing these obstacles may provide a better understanding of the complex sirtuin biology and improve the likelihood of identifying effective and selective drug targets for a variety of human disorders.
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Wang W, Qin JJ, Rajaei M, Li X, Yu X, Hunt C, Zhang R. Targeting MDM2 for novel molecular therapy: Beyond oncology. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:856-880. [PMID: 31587329 DOI: 10.1002/med.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene exerts major oncogenic activities in human cancers; it is not only the best-documented negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, but also exerts p53-independent activities. There is an increasing interest in developing MDM2-based targeted therapies. Several classes of MDM2 inhibitors have been evaluated in preclinical models, with a few entering clinical trials, mainly for cancer therapy. However, noncarcinogenic roles for MDM2 have also been identified, demonstrating that MDM2 is involved in many chronic diseases and conditions such as inflammation and autoimmune diseases, dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, heart failure and cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, diabetes, obesity, and sterility. MDM2 inhibitors have been shown to have promising therapeutic efficacy for treating inflammation and other nonmalignant diseases in preclinical evaluations. Therefore, targeting MDM2 may represent a promising approach for treating and preventing these nonmalignant diseases. In addition, a better understanding of how MDM2 works in nonmalignant diseases may provide new biomarkers for their diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and monitoring of therapeutic outcome. In this review article, we pay special attention to the recent findings related to the roles of MDM2 in the pathogenesis of several nonmalignant diseases, the therapeutic potential of its downregulation or inhibition, and its use as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mehrdad Rajaei
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Courtney Hunt
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas.,Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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39
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The protective function of non-coding DNA in DNA damage accumulation with age and its roles in age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:741-761. [PMID: 31473864 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive decline of physiological function in tissue and organ accompanying both accumulation of DNA damage and reduction of non-coding DNA. Peripheral non-coding DNA/heterochromatin has been proposed to protect the genome and centrally-located protein-coding sequences in soma and male germ cells against radiation and the invasion of exogenous nucleic acids. Therefore, this review summarizes the reduction of non-coding DNA/heterochromatin (including telomeric DNA and rDNA) and DNA damage accumulation during normal physiological aging and in various aging-related diseases. Based on analysis of data, it is found that DNA damage accumulation is roughly negatively correlated with the reduction of non-coding DNA and therefore speculated that DNA damage accumulation is likely due to the reduction of non-coding DNA protection in genome defense during aging. Therefore, it is proposed here that means to increase the total amount of non-coding DNA and/or heterochromatin prior to the onset of these diseases could potentially better protect the genome and protein-coding DNA, reduce the incidence of aging-related diseases, and thus lead to better health during aging.
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40
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Chang AR, Ferrer CM, Mostoslavsky R. SIRT6, a Mammalian Deacylase with Multitasking Abilities. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:145-169. [PMID: 31437090 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins have emerged in recent years as critical modulators of multiple biological processes, regulating cellular metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and mitochondrial biology. As such, they evolved to play key roles in organismal homeostasis, and defects in these proteins have been linked to a plethora of diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of SIRT6, a chromatin deacylase with unique and important functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. We attempt to provide a framework for such different functions, for the ability of SIRT6 to interconnect chromatin dynamics with metabolism and DNA repair, and the open questions the field will face in the future, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Chang
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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41
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Current role of mammalian sirtuins in DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 80:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Cacabelos R, Carril JC, Cacabelos N, Kazantsev AG, Vostrov AV, Corzo L, Cacabelos P, Goldgaber D. Sirtuins in Alzheimer's Disease: SIRT2-Related GenoPhenotypes and Implications for PharmacoEpiGenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051249. [PMID: 30871086 PMCID: PMC6429449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases/ADP ribosyltransferases with important roles in chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, cellular stress response, metabolism and aging. Sirtuins are components of the epigenetic machinery, which is disturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), contributing to AD pathogenesis. There is an association between the SIRT2-C/T genotype (rs10410544) (50.92%) and AD susceptibility in the APOEε4-negative population (SIRT2-C/C, 34.72%; SIRT2-T/T 14.36%). The integration of SIRT2 and APOE variants in bigenic clusters yields 18 haplotypes. The 5 most frequent bigenic genotypes in AD are 33CT (27.81%), 33CC (21.36%), 34CT (15.29%), 34CC (9.76%) and 33TT (7.18%). There is an accumulation of APOE-3/4 and APOE-4/4 carriers in SIRT2-T/T > SIRT2-C/T > SIRT2-C/C carriers, and also of SIRT2-T/T and SIRT2-C/T carriers in patients who harbor the APOE-4/4 genotype. SIRT2 variants influence biochemical, hematological, metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes, and modestly affect the pharmacoepigenetic outcome in AD. SIRT2-C/T carriers are the best responders, SIRT2-T/T carriers show an intermediate pattern, and SIRT2-C/C carriers are the worst responders to a multifactorial treatment. In APOE-SIRT2 bigenic clusters, 33CC carriers respond better than 33TT and 34CT carriers, whereas 24CC and 44CC carriers behave as the worst responders. CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EM) are the best responders, poor metabolizers (PM) are the worst responders, and ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) tend to be better responders that intermediate metabolizers (IM). In association with CYP2D6 genophenotypes, SIRT2-C/T-EMs are the best responders. Some Sirtuin modulators might be potential candidates for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Juan C Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Aleksey G Kazantsev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Alex V Vostrov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Lola Corzo
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Pablo Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Dmitry Goldgaber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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43
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Yu J, Sun W, Song Y, Liu J, Xue F, Gong K, Yang X, Kang Q. SIRT6 protects retinal ganglion cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by promoting Nrf2/ARE signaling via inhibition of Bach1. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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44
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Lu Y, Tao F, Zhou MT, Tang KF. The signaling pathways that mediate the anti-cancer effects of caloric restriction. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:512-520. [PMID: 30641278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to promote longevity and ameliorate aging-associated diseases, including cancer. Extensive research over recent decades has revealed that CR reduces IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling and increases sirtuin signaling. We recently found that CR also enhances ALDOA/DNA-PK/p53 signaling. In the present review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT pathway, sirtuin signaling, and the ALDOA/DNA-PK/p53 pathway by CR. We also summarize the evidence concerning the roles of these signaling pathways in carcinogenesis, and discuss how they are regulated by CR. Finally, we discuss the crosstalk between these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Lu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Fengxing Tao
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Meng-Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kai-Fu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China; Digestive Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China.
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45
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Chua CEL, Tang BL. miR-34a in Neurophysiology and Neuropathology. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:235-246. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Nicotine promotes neuron survival and partially protects from Parkinson's disease by suppressing SIRT6. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:120. [PMID: 30409187 PMCID: PMC6223043 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and cognitive dysfunction. Epidemiological studies consistently show that the use of tobacco reduces the risk of Parkinson’s. We report that nicotine reduces the abundance of SIRT6 in neuronal culture and brain tissue. We find that reduction of SIRT6 is partly responsible for neuroprotection afforded by nicotine. Additionally, SIRT6 abundance is greater in Parkinson’s patient brains, and decreased in the brains of tobacco users. We also identify SNPs that promote SIRT6 expression and simultaneously associate with an increased risk of Parkinson’s. Furthermore, brain-specific SIRT6 knockout mice are protected from MPTP-induced Parkinson’s, while SIRT6 overexpressing mice develop more severe pathology. Our data suggest that SIRT6 plays a pathogenic and pro-inflammatory role in Parkinson’s and that nicotine can provide neuroprotection by accelerating its degradation. Inhibition of SIRT6 may be a promising strategy to ameliorate Parkinson’s and neurodegeneration.
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47
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Fujita Y, Yamashita T. Sirtuins in Neuroendocrine Regulation and Neurological Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:778. [PMID: 30416425 PMCID: PMC6213750 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Sirtuin was originally studied as the lifespan-extending gene, silent information regulator 2 (SIRT2) in budding yeast. There are seven mammalian homologs of sirtuin (SIRT1–7), and SIRT1 is the closest homolog to SIRT2. SIRT1 modulates various key targets via deacetylation. In addition to histones, these targets include transcription factors, such as forkhead box O (FOXO), Ku70, p53, NF-κB, PPAR-gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). SIRT1 has many biological functions, including aging, cell survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Genetic and physiological analyses in animal models have shown beneficial roles for SIRT1 in the brain during both development and adulthood. Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that SIRT1 regulates the cellular fate of neural progenitors, axon elongation, dendritic branching, synaptic plasticity, and endocrine function. In addition to its importance in physiological processes, SIRT1 has also been implicated in protection of neurons from degeneration in models of neurological diseases, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we focus on the role of SIRT1 in the neuroendocrine system and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the sirtuin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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48
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p53 cooperates with SIRT6 to regulate cardiolipin de novo biosynthesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:941. [PMID: 30237540 PMCID: PMC6148051 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has critical roles in regulating lipid metabolism, but whether and how p53 regulates cardiolipin (CL) de novo biosynthesis is unknown. Here, we report that p53 physically interacts with histone deacetylase SIRT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction increases following palmitic acid (PA) treatment. In response to PA, p53 and SIRT6 localize to chromatin in a p53-dependent manner. Chromatin p53 and SIRT6 bind the promoters of CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 and 2 (CDS1 and CDS2), two enzymes required to catalyze CL de novo biosynthesis. Here, SIRT6 serves as a co-activator of p53 and effectively recruits RNA polymerase II to the CDS1 and CDS2 promoters to enhance CL de novo biosynthesis. Our findings reveal a novel, cooperative model executed by p53 and SIRT6 to maintain lipid homeostasis.
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49
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Jazvinšćak Jembrek M, Slade N, Hof PR, Šimić G. The interactions of p53 with tau and Aß as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 168:104-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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A Closer Look into the Role of Protein Tau in the Identification of Promising Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8090162. [PMID: 30149687 PMCID: PMC6162660 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly known chronic neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), manifests the common type of dementia in 60⁻80% of cases. From a clinical standpoint, a patent cognitive decline and a severe change in personality, as caused by a loss of neurons, is usually evident in AD with about 50 million people affected in 2016. The disease progression in patients is distinguished by a gradual plummet in cognitive functions, eliciting symptoms such as memory loss, and eventually requiring full-time medical care. From a histopathological standpoint, the defining characteristics are intracellular aggregations of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and depositions of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ) in the brain. The abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein is attributed to a wide gamut of neurological disorders known as tauopathies. In addition to the hyperphosphorylated tau lesions, neuroinflammatory processes could occur in a sustained manner through astro-glial activation, resulting in the disease progression. Recent findings have suggested a strong interplay between the mechanism of Tau phosphorylation, disruption of microtubules, and synaptic loss and pathology of AD. The mechanisms underlying these interactions along with their respective consequences in Tau pathology are still ill-defined. Thus, in this review: (1) we highlight the interplays existing between Tau pathology and AD; and (2) take a closer look into its role while identifying some promising therapeutic advances including state of the art imaging techniques.
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