1
|
Farhadieh ME, Mozafar M, Sanaaee S, Sodeifi P, Kousha K, Zare Y, Zare S, Maleki Rad N, Jamshidi-Goharrizi F, Allahverdloo M, Rahimi A, Sadeghi M, Shafie M, Mayeli M. Polygenic hazard score predicts synaptic and axonal degeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease continuum. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 127:105576. [PMID: 39096557 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and neurofilaments light (NFL) are biomarkers of synaptic and axonal injury, and are associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contiuum. We investigated whether Polygenic Hazard Score (PHS) is associated with specific biomarkers and cognitive measures, and if it can predict the relationship between GAP-43, NFL, and cognitive decline in AD. METHOD We enrolled 646 subjects: 93 with AD, 350 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 203 cognitively normal controls. Variables included GAP-43, plasma NFL, and PHS. A PHS of 0.21 or higher was considered high risk while a PHS below this threshold was considered low risk. A subsample of 190 patients with MCI with four years of follow-up cognitive assessments were selected for longitudinal analysis . We assessed the association of the PHS with AD biomarkers and cognitive measures, as well as the predictive power of PHS on cognitive decline and the conversion of MCI to AD. RESULTS PHS showed high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing AD, MCI, and controls. At each follow-up point, high risk MCI patients showed higher level of cognitive impairment compared to the low risk group. GAP-43 correlated with all follow-up cognitive tests in high risk MCI patients which was not detected in low risk MCI patients. Moreover, high risk MCI patients progressed to dementia more rapidly compared to low risk patients. CONCLUSION PHS can predict cognitive decline and impacts the relationship between neurodegenerative biomarkers and cognitive impairment in AD contiuum. Categorizing patients based on PHS can improve the prediction of cognitive outcomes and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Erfan Farhadieh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mozafar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saameh Sanaaee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Sodeifi
- School of Medicine, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Kousha
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Zare
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Zare
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Maleki Rad
- Department of Linguistic, Faculty of Literatures and Human Sciences, University of Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Jamshidi-Goharrizi
- Department of Sociology-Cultural Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Kish International Branch, Hormozgan, Iran; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahverdloo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arman Rahimi
- Institue of Translational Medicine, Semmelwis, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mohammad Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Shafie
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroTRACT Association, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ankeny SE, Bacci JR, Decourt B, Sabbagh MN, Mielke MM. Navigating the Landscape of Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Past, Present, and Future Clinical Applications. Neurol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40120-024-00658-x. [PMID: 39244522 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its impact on healthcare systems increase, developing tools for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression is a priority. Recent technological advancements have allowed for the development of blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) to aid in the diagnosis of AD, but many questions remain regarding the clinical implementation of these BBMs. This review outlines the historical timeline of AD BBM development. It highlights key breakthroughs that have transformed the perspective of AD BBMs from theoretically ideal but unattainable markers, to clinically valid and reliable BBMs with potential for implementation in healthcare settings. Technological advancements like single-molecule detection and mass spectrometry methods have significantly improved assay sensitivity and accuracy. High-throughput, fully automated platforms have potential for clinical use. Despite these advancements, however, significant work is needed before AD BBMs can be implemented in widespread clinical practice. Cutpoints must be established, the influence of chronic conditions and medications on BBM levels must be better understood, and guidelines must be created for healthcare providers related to interpreting and communicating information obtained from AD BBMs. Additionally, the development of BBMs for synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and cerebrovascular disease may provide better precision medicine approaches to treating AD and related dementia. Future research and collaboration between scientists and physicians are essential to addressing these challenges and further advancing AD BBMs, with the goal of integration in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarrah E Ankeny
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Julia R Bacci
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Boris Decourt
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Marwan N Sabbagh
- Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Division, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Z, Chen Q, Mu X, An Z, Xu Y. Elucidating the Functional Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9211. [PMID: 39273160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, representing a most challenging health issue. We present a computational analysis of transcriptomic data of AD tissues vs. healthy controls, focused on the elucidation of functional roles played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) throughout the AD progression. We first assembled our own lncRNA transcripts from the raw RNA-Seq data generated from 527 samples of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, resulting in the identification of 31,574 novel lncRNA genes. Based on co-expression analyses between mRNAs and lncRNAs, a co-expression network was constructed. Maximal subnetworks with dense connections were identified as functional clusters. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted over mRNAs and lncRNAs in each cluster, which served as the basis for the inference of functional roles played by lncRNAs involved in each of the key steps in an AD development model that we have previously built based on transcriptomic data of protein-encoding genes. Detailed information is presented about the functional roles of lncRNAs in activities related to stress response, reprogrammed metabolism, cell polarity, and development. Our analyses also revealed that lncRNAs have the discerning power to distinguish between AD samples of each stage and healthy controls. This study represents the first of its kind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Huang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiufen Chen
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuechen Mu
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng An
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdul Manap AS, Almadodi R, Sultana S, Sebastian MG, Kavani KS, Lyenouq VE, Shankar A. Alzheimer's disease: a review on the current trends of the effective diagnosis and therapeutics. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1429211. [PMID: 39185459 PMCID: PMC11341404 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1429211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive decline and accelerating memory loss characterize it. Alzheimer's disease advances sequentially, starting with preclinical stages, followed by mild cognitive and/or behavioral impairment, and ultimately leading to Alzheimer's disease dementia. In recent years, healthcare providers have been advised to make an earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's, prior to individuals developing Alzheimer's disease dementia. Regrettably, the identification of early-stage Alzheimer's disease in clinical settings can be arduous due to the tendency of patients and healthcare providers to disregard symptoms as typical signs of aging. Therefore, accurate and prompt diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is essential in order to facilitate the development of disease-modifying and secondary preventive therapies prior to the onset of symptoms. There has been a notable shift in the goal of the diagnosis process, transitioning from merely confirming the presence of symptomatic AD to recognizing the illness in its early, asymptomatic phases. Understanding the evolution of disease-modifying therapies and putting effective diagnostic and therapeutic management into practice requires an understanding of this concept. The outcomes of this study will enhance in-depth knowledge of the current status of Alzheimer's disease's diagnosis and treatment, justifying the necessity for the quest for potential novel biomarkers that can contribute to determining the stage of the disease, particularly in its earliest stages. Interestingly, latest clinical trial status on pharmacological agents, the nonpharmacological treatments such as behavior modification, exercise, and cognitive training as well as alternative approach on phytochemicals as neuroprotective agents have been covered in detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Almadodi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Vanessa Elle Lyenouq
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aravind Shankar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assfaw AD, Schindler SE, Morris JC. Advances in blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD): A review. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:692-698. [PMID: 38888066 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) are growing public health challenges globally affecting millions of older adults, necessitating concerted efforts to advance our understanding and management of these conditions. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles that are the primary cause of dementia in older individuals. Early and accurate diagnosis of AD dementia is crucial for effective intervention and treatment but has proven challenging to accomplish. Although testing for AD brain pathology with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or positron emission tomography (PET) has been available for over 2 decades, most patients never underwent this testing because of inaccessibility, high out-of-pocket costs, perceived risks, and the lack of AD-specific treatments. However, in recent years, rapid progress has been made in developing blood biomarkers for AD/ADRD. Consequently, blood biomarkers have emerged as promising tools for non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of AD progression. This review presents the evolving landscape of blood biomarkers in AD/ADRD and explores their potential applications in clinical practice for early detection, prognosis, and therapeutic interventions. It covers recent advances in blood biomarkers, including amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, tau protein, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It also discusses their diagnostic and prognostic utility while addressing associated challenges and limitations. Future research directions in this rapidly evolving field are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Araya Dimtsu Assfaw
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farrell ME, Thibault EG, Becker JA, Price JC, Healy BC, Hanseeuw BJ, Buckley RF, Jacobs HIL, Schultz AP, Chen CD, Sperling RA, Johnson KA. Spatial extent as a sensitive amyloid-PET metric in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5434-5449. [PMID: 38988055 PMCID: PMC11350060 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spatial extent-based measures of how far amyloid beta (Aβ) has spread throughout the neocortex may be more sensitive than traditional Aβ-positron emission tomography (PET) measures of Aβ level for detecting early Aβ deposits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and improve understanding of Aβ's association with tau proliferation and cognitive decline. METHODS Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB)-PET scans from 261 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Harvard Aging Brain Study were used to measure Aβ level (LVL; neocortical PIB DVR) and spatial extent (EXT), calculated as the proportion of the neocortex that is PIB+. RESULTS EXT enabled earlier detection of Aβ deposits longitudinally confirmed to reach a traditional LVL-based threshold for Aβ+ within 5 years. EXT improved prediction of cognitive decline (Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite) and tau proliferation (flortaucipir-PET) over LVL. DISCUSSION These findings indicate EXT may be more sensitive to Aβ's role in preclinical AD than level and improve targeting of individuals for AD prevention trials. HIGHLIGHTS Aβ spatial extent (EXT) was measured as the percentage of the neocortex with elevated Pittsburgh Compound-B. Aβ EXT improved detection of Aβ below traditional PET thresholds. Early regional Aβ deposits were spatially heterogeneous. Cognition and tau were more closely tied to Aβ EXT than Aβ level. Neocortical tau onset aligned with reaching widespread neocortical Aβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Farrell
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Emma G. Thibault
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - J. Alex Becker
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Julie C. Price
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Biostatistics CenterMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bernard J. Hanseeuw
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucUniversité Catholique de LouvainBruxellesBelgium
| | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Melbourne School of Psychological SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Heidi I. L. Jacobs
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aaron P. Schultz
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Charles D. Chen
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Keith A. Johnson
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Bi K, Zhou L, Wang J, Huang L, Sun Y, Peng G, Wu W. Advances in Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Ultra-Sensitive Detection Technologies and Impact on Clinical Diagnosis. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2024; 14:85-102. [PMID: 39100640 PMCID: PMC11297492 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s471174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease has escalated into a critical public health concern, marked by its neurodegenerative nature that progressively diminishes cognitive abilities. Recognized as a continuously advancing and presently incurable condition, AD underscores the necessity for early-stage diagnosis and interventions aimed at delaying the decline in mental function. Despite the proven efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography in diagnosing AD, their broader utility is constrained by significant costs and the invasive nature of these procedures. Consequently, the innovation of blood biomarkers such as Amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, total-tau et al, distinguished by their high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and cost-efficiency, emerges as a promising avenue for AD diagnosis. The advent of ultra-sensitive detection methodologies, including single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry, has revolutionized the detection of AD plasma biomarkers, supplanting previous low-sensitivity techniques. This rapid advancement in detection technology facilitates the more accurate quantification of pathological brain proteins and AD-associated biomarkers in the bloodstream. This manuscript meticulously reviews the landscape of current research on immunological markers for AD, anchored in the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association AT(N) research framework. It highlights a selection of forefront ultra-sensitive detection technologies now integral to assessing AD blood immunological markers. Additionally, this review examines the crucial pre-analytical processing steps for AD blood samples that significantly impact research outcomes and addresses the practical challenges faced during clinical testing. These discussions are crucial for enhancing our comprehension and refining the diagnostic precision of AD using blood-based biomarkers. The review aims to shed light on potential avenues for innovation and improvement in the techniques employed for detecting and investigating AD, thereby contributing to the broader field of neurodegenerative disease research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gillespie NA, Neale MC, Panizzon MS, McKenzie RE, Tu XM, Xian H, Reynolds CA, Lyons MJ, Rissman RA, Elman JA, Franz C, Kremen WS. Testing the causal impact of amyloidosis on total Tau using a genetically informative sample of adult male twins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.23.602498. [PMID: 39091865 PMCID: PMC11291022 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.23.602498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The amyloid cascade hypothesis predicts that amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation drives tau tangle accumulation. We tested competing causal and non-causal hypotheses regarding the direction of causation between Aβ40 and Aβ42 and total Tau (t-Tau) plasma biomarkers. METHODS Plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, t-Tau, and neurofilament light chain (NFL) were measured in 1,035 men (mean = 67.0 years) using Simoa immunoassays. Genetically informative twin modeling tested the direction of causation between Aβs and t-Tau. RESULTS No clear evidence that Aβ40 or Aβ42 directly causes changes in t-Tau was observed; the alternative causal hypotheses also fit the data well. In contrast, exploratory analyses suggested a causal impact of the Aβ biomarkers on NFL. Separately, reciprocal causation was observed between t-Tau and NFL. DISCUSSION Plasma Aβ40 or Aβ42 do not appear to have a direct causal impact on t-Tau. In contrast, Aβ aggregation may causally impact NFL in cognitively unimpaired men in their late 60s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behaviour Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behaviour Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Ruth E. McKenzie
- Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
- Winston School of Education and Social Policy at Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA 92093
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis MO, USA
- Research Service, VA St. Louis Healthcare System, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston MA, USA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Carol Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Krawczuk D, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B. Clinical Application of Blood Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases-Present and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8132. [PMID: 39125699 PMCID: PMC11311320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of complex diseases characterized by a progressive loss of neurons and degeneration in different areas of the nervous system. They share similar mechanisms, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial injury, resulting in neuronal loss. One of the biggest challenges in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases is their heterogeneity. Clinical symptoms are usually present in the advanced stages of the disease, thus it is essential to find optimal biomarkers that would allow early diagnosis. Due to the development of ultrasensitive methods analyzing proteins in other fluids, such as blood, huge progress has been made in the field of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. The application of protein biomarker measurement has significantly influenced not only diagnosis but also prognosis, differentiation, and the development of new therapies, as it enables the recognition of early stages of disease in individuals with preclinical stages or with mild symptoms. Additionally, the introduction of biochemical markers into routine clinical practice may improve diagnosis and allow for a stratification group of people with higher risk, as well as an extension of well-being since a treatment could be started early. In this review, we focus on blood biomarkers, which could be potentially useful in the daily medical practice of selected neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Krawczuk
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (D.K.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (D.K.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (D.K.); (A.K.-P.)
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan MS, Cheah PL, Chin AV, Looi LM, Chang SW. A multi-ethnic proteomic profiling analysis in Alzheimer's disease identifies the disparities in dysregulation of proteins and pathogenesis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17643. [PMID: 39035156 PMCID: PMC11260413 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects the elderly population. Lately, blood-based proteomics have been intensively sought in the discovery of AD biomarkers studies due to the capability to link external environmental factors with the development of AD. Demographic differences have been shown to affect the expression of the proteins in different populations which play a vital role in the degeneration of cognitive function. Method In this study, a proteomic study focused on Malaysian Chinese and Malay prospects was conducted. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in AD patients and normal controls for Chinese and Malays were identified. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to further interpret the biological functions and pathways of the DEPs. In addition, a survey investigating behavioural practices among Chinese and Malay participants was conducted to support the results from the proteomic analysis. Result The variation of dysregulated proteins identified in Chinese and Malay samples suggested the disparities of pathways involved in this pathological condition for each respective ethnicity. Functional enrichment analysis supported this assumption in understanding the protein-protein interactions of the identified protein signatures and indicate that differentially expressed proteins identified from the Chinese group were significantly enriched with the functional terms related to Aβ/tau protein-related processes, oxidative stress and inflammation whereas neuroinflammation was associated with the Malay group. Besides that, a significant difference in sweet drinks/food intake habits between these two groups implies a relationship between sugar levels and the dysregulation of protein APOA4 in the Malay group. Additional meta-analysis further supported the dysregulation of proteins TF, AHSG, A1BG, APOA4 and C4A among AD groups. Conclusion These findings serve as a preliminary understanding in the molecular and demographic studies of AD in a multi-ethnic population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sze Tan
- Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Phaik-Leng Cheah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai-Meng Looi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siow-Wee Chang
- Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research in System Biology, Structural, Bioinformatics and Human Digital Imaging (CRYSTAL), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cyr B, Curiel Cid R, Loewenstein D, Vontell RT, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. The Inflammasome Adaptor Protein ASC in Plasma as a Biomarker of Early Cognitive Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7758. [PMID: 39063000 PMCID: PMC11276719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a group of symptoms including memory loss, language difficulties, and other types of cognitive and functional impairments that affects 57 million people worldwide, with the incidence expected to double by 2040. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop reliable biomarkers to diagnose early brain impairments so that emerging interventions can be applied before brain degeneration. Here, we performed biomarker analyses for apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and amyloid-β 42/40 (Aβ42/40) ratio in the plasma of older adults. Participants had blood drawn at baseline and underwent two annual clinical and cognitive evaluations. The groups tested either cognitively normal on both evaluations (NN), cognitively normal year 1 but cognitively impaired year 2 (NI), or cognitively impaired on both evaluations (II). ASC was elevated in the plasma of the NI group compared to the NN and II groups. Additionally, Aβ42 was increased in the plasma in the NI and II groups compared to the NN group. Importantly, the area under the curve (AUC) for ASC in participants older than 70 years old in NN vs. NI groups was 0.81, indicating that ASC is a promising plasma biomarker for early detection of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Cyr
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (W.D.D.); (R.W.K.)
| | - Rosie Curiel Cid
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - David Loewenstein
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.C.C.); (D.L.)
| | | | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (W.D.D.); (R.W.K.)
| | - Robert W. Keane
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (W.D.D.); (R.W.K.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (W.D.D.); (R.W.K.)
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.C.C.); (D.L.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schindler SE, Galasko D, Pereira AC, Rabinovici GD, Salloway S, Suárez-Calvet M, Khachaturian AS, Mielke MM, Udeh-Momoh C, Weiss J, Batrla R, Bozeat S, Dwyer JR, Holzapfel D, Jones DR, Murray JF, Partrick KA, Scholler E, Vradenburg G, Young D, Algeciras-Schimnich A, Aubrecht J, Braunstein JB, Hendrix J, Hu YH, Mattke S, Monane M, Reilly D, Somers E, Teunissen CE, Shobin E, Vanderstichele H, Weiner MW, Wilson D, Hansson O. Acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests of amyloid pathology - recommendations from the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:426-439. [PMID: 38866966 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Anti-amyloid treatments for early symptomatic Alzheimer disease have recently become clinically available in some countries, which has greatly increased the need for biomarker confirmation of amyloid pathology. Blood biomarker (BBM) tests for amyloid pathology are more acceptable, accessible and scalable than amyloid PET or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests, but have highly variable levels of performance. The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease convened a BBM Workgroup to consider the minimum acceptable performance of BBM tests for clinical use. Amyloid PET status was identified as the reference standard. For use as a triaging test before subsequent confirmatory tests such as amyloid PET or CSF tests, the BBM Workgroup recommends that a BBM test has a sensitivity of ≥90% with a specificity of ≥85% in primary care and ≥75-85% in secondary care depending on the availability of follow-up testing. For use as a confirmatory test without follow-up tests, a BBM test should have performance equivalent to that of CSF tests - a sensitivity and specificity of ~90%. Importantly, the predictive values of all biomarker tests vary according to the pre-test probability of amyloid pathology and must be interpreted in the complete clinical context. Use of BBM tests that meet these performance standards could enable more people to receive an accurate and timely Alzheimer disease diagnosis and potentially benefit from new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ana C Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Chi Udeh-Momoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joan Weiss
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Workforce, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - John R Dwyer
- Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Drew Holzapfel
- The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emily Scholler
- The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer's Disease, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Vradenburg
- Davos Alzheimer's Collaborative, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- UsAgainstAlzheimer's, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soeren Mattke
- The USC Brain Health Observatory, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universitiet, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arranz J, Zhu N, Rubio-Guerra S, Rodríguez-Baz Í, Ferrer R, Carmona-Iragui M, Barroeta I, Illán-Gala I, Santos-Santos M, Fortea J, Lleó A, Tondo M, Alcolea D. Diagnostic performance of plasma pTau 217, pTau 181, Aβ 1-42 and Aβ 1-40 in the LUMIPULSE automated platform for the detection of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:139. [PMID: 38926773 PMCID: PMC11200993 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently developed blood markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection have high accuracy but usually require ultra-sensitive analytic tools not commonly available in clinical laboratories, and their performance in clinical practice is unknown. METHODS We analyzed plasma samples from 290 consecutive participants that underwent lumbar puncture in routine clinical practice in a specialized memory clinic (66 cognitively unimpaired, 130 participants with mild cognitive impairment, and 94 with dementia). Participants were classified as amyloid positive (A +) or negative (A-) according to CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. Plasma pTau217, pTau181, Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 were measured in the fully-automated LUMIPULSE platform. We used linear regression to compare plasma biomarkers concentrations between A + and A- groups, evaluated Spearman's correlation between plasma and CSF and performed ROC analyses to assess their diagnostic accuracy to detect brain amyloidosis as determined by CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. We analyzed the concordance of pTau217 with CSF amyloidosis. RESULTS Plasma pTau217 and pTau181 concentration were higher in A + than A- while the plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio was lower in A + compared to A-. pTau181 and the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio showed moderate correlation between plasma and CSF (Rho = 0.66 and 0.69, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve to discriminate A + from A- participants were 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97) for pTau217, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.92) for both pTau181 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was related to increased plasma biomarker concentrations, but ratios were less affected. Plasma pTau217 had the highest fold change (× 3.2) and showed high predictive capability in discriminating A + from A-, having 4-7% misclassification rate. The global accuracy of plasma pTau217 using a two-threshold approach was robust in symptomatic groups, exceeding 90%. CONCLUSION The evaluation of blood biomarkers on an automated platform exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for AD pathophysiology, and pTau217 showed excellent diagnostic accuracy to identify participants with AD in a consecutive sample representing the routine clinical practice in a specialized memory unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Unidad Alzheimer-Down, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuole Zhu
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Rubio-Guerra
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Íñigo Rodríguez-Baz
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Unidad Alzheimer-Down, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ferrer
- Servei de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmona-Iragui
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Unidad Alzheimer-Down, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barroeta
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Unidad Alzheimer-Down, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Santos-Santos
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Unidad Alzheimer-Down, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Servei de Bioquímica I Biologia Molecular, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IR SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí 89, 08041, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang Y, Qiu L. Research Progress on the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Drug Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:590. [PMID: 38928590 PMCID: PMC11201671 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the population ages worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent kind of neurodegenerative disorder among older people, has become a significant factor affecting quality of life, public health, and economies. However, the exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer's remains elusive, and existing highly recognized pathogenesis includes the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Tau neurofibrillary tangles hypothesis, and neuroinflammation hypothesis. The major diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease include neuroimaging positron emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid molecular diagnosis. The therapy of Alzheimer's disease primarily relies on drugs, and the approved drugs on the market include acetylcholinesterase drugs, glutamate receptor antagonists, and amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies. Still, the existing drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of the disease and cannot completely reverse it. This review aims to summarize existing research results on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and drug therapy, with the objective of facilitating future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lina Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Ferreira PCL, Jacobsen E, Bellaver B, Pascoal TA, Snitz BE, Chang CH, Villemagne VL, Ganguli M, Karikari TK. Association of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders with cognition and cognitive decline: The MYHAT population-based study. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4199-4211. [PMID: 38753951 PMCID: PMC11180930 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias predict global cognitive performance and decline over time; it remains unclear how they associate with changes in different dementia syndromes affecting distinct cognitive domains. METHODS In a prospective study with repeated assessments of a randomly selected population-based cohort (n = 787, median age 73), we evaluated performance and decline in different cognitive domains over up to 8 years in relation to plasma concentrations of amyloid beta 42/40 (Aβ42/40) ratio, phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS Cross-sectionally, memory showed the strongest associations with p-tau181, and attention, executive, and visuospatial functions with NfL. Longitudinally, memory decline was distinguishable with all biomarker profiles dichotomized according to data-driven cutoffs, most efficiently with Aβ42/40. GFAP and Aβ42/40 were the best discriminators of decline patterns in language and visuospatial functions, respectively. DISCUSSION These relatively non-invasive tests may be beneficial for clinical screening after replication in other populations and validation through neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. HIGHLIGHTS We performed a prospective study with up to 8 years of repeated domain-specific cognitive assessments and baseline plasma Alzheimer's disease and related dementias biomarker measurements in a randomly selected population-based cohort. We considered distinct growth curves of trajectories of different cognitive domains and survival bias induced by missing data by adding quadratic time and applying joint modeling technique. Cross-sectionally, memory showed the strongest associations with plasma phosphorylated tau181, while attention, executive, and visuospatial functions were most strongly associated with neurofilament light chain. Longitudinally, memory and visuospatial declines were most efficiently distinguished by dichotomized amyloid beta 42/40 profile among all plasma biomarkers, while language was by dichotomized glial fibrillary acidic protein. These relatively non-invasive tests may be beneficial for clinical screening; however, they will need replication in other populations and validation through neuroimaging and/or cerebrospinal fluid assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pamela C. L. Ferreira
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Erin Jacobsen
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tharick A. Pascoal
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Chung‐Chou H. Chang
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- Department of PsychiatrySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Antonioni A, Raho EM, Di Lorenzo F. Is blood pTau a reliable indicator of the CSF status? A narrative review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2471-2487. [PMID: 38129590 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a crucial goal of the current research. Blood biomarkers are less invasive, easier to obtain and achievable by a cheaper means than those on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and significantly more economic than functional neuroimaging investigations; thus, a great interest is focused on blood isoforms of the phosphorylated Tau protein (pTau), indicators of ongoing tau pathology (i.e. neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs, an AD neuropathological hallmark) in the central nervous system (CNS). However, current data often highlight discordant results about the ability of blood pTau to predict CSF status. OBJECTIVE We aim to synthesise the studies that compared pTau levels on CSF and blood to assess their correlation in AD continuum. METHODS We performed a narrative literature review using, first, MEDLINE (via PubMed) by means of MeSH terms, and then, we expanded the reults by means of Scopus and Web of Sciences to be as inclusive as possible. Finally, we added work following an expert opinion. Only papers presenting original data on pTau values on both blood and CSF were included. RESULTS The 33 included studies show an extreme heterogeneity in terms of pTau isoform (pTau181, 217 and 231), laboratory methods, diagnostic criteria and choice of comparison groups. Most studies evaluated plasma pTau181, while data on other isoforms and serum are scarcer. DISCUSSION Most papers identify a correlation between CSF and blood measurements. Furthermore, even when not specified, it is often possible to show an increase in blood pTau values as AD-related damage progresses in the AD continuum and higher values in AD than in other neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, plasma pTau231 seems the first biomarker to look for in the earliest and pre-clinical stages, quickly followed by pTau217 and, finally, by pTau181. CONCLUSIONS Our results encourage the use of blood pTau for the early identification of patients with AD continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou AL, Swaminathan SK, Salian VS, Wang L, Curran GL, Min HK, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Insulin Signaling Differentially Regulates the Trafficking of Insulin and Amyloid Beta Peptides at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2176-2186. [PMID: 38625027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is instrumental in clearing toxic metabolites from the brain, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and in delivering essential nutrients to the brain, like insulin. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, increased Aβ levels are paralleled by decreased insulin levels, which are accompanied by insulin signaling deficits at the BBB. Thus, we investigated the impact of insulin-like growth factor and insulin receptor (IGF1R and IR) signaling on Aβ and insulin trafficking at the BBB. Following intravenous infusion of an IGF1R/IR kinase inhibitor (AG1024) in wild-type mice, the BBB trafficking of 125I radiolabeled Aβ peptides and insulin was assessed by dynamic SPECT/CT imaging. The brain efflux of [125I]iodo-Aβ42 decreased upon AG1024 treatment. Additionally, the brain influx of [125I]iodoinsulin, [125I]iodo-Aβ42, [125I]iodo-Aβ40, and [125I]iodo-BSA (BBB integrity marker) was decreased, increased, unchanged, and unchanged, respectively, upon AG1024 treatment. Subsequent mechanistic studies were performed using an in vitro BBB cell model. The cell uptake of [125I]iodoinsulin, [125I]iodo-Aβ42, and [125I]iodo-Aβ40 was decreased, increased, and unchanged, respectively, upon AG1024 treatment. Further, AG1024 reduced the phosphorylation of insulin signaling kinases (Akt and Erk) and the membrane expression of Aβ and insulin trafficking receptors (LRP-1 and IR-β). These findings reveal that insulin signaling differentially regulates the BBB trafficking of Aβ peptides and insulin. Moreover, deficits in IGF1R and IR signaling, as observed in the brains of type II diabetes and AD patients, are expected to increase Aβ accumulation while decreasing insulin delivery to the brain, which has been linked to the progression of cognitive decline in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Suresh K Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vrishali S Salian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffry L Curran
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mantellatto Grigoli M, Pelegrini LNC, Whelan R, Cominetti MR. Present and Future of Blood-Based Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond the Classics. Brain Res 2024; 1830:148812. [PMID: 38369085 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has advanced at an incredible pace, especially after the development of sensitive analytic platforms that can facilitate large-scale screening. Such screening will be important when more sophisticated diagnostic methods are scarce and expensive. Thus, blood-based biomarkers can potentially reduce diagnosis inequities among populations from different socioeconomic contexts. This large-scale screening can be performed so that older adults at risk of cognitive decline assessed using these methods can then undergo more complete assessments with classic biomarkers, increasing diagnosis efficiency and reducing costs to the health systems. Blood-based biomarkers can also aid in assessing the effect of new disease-modifying treatments. This paper reviews recent advances in the area, focusing on the following leading candidates for blood-based biomarkers: amyloid-beta (Aβ), phosphorylated tau isoforms (p-tau), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic (GFAP) proteins, as well as on new candidates, Neuron-Derived Exosomes contents (NDEs) and Transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43), based on data from longitudinal observational cohort studies. The underlying challenges of validating and incorporating these biomarkers into routine clinical practice and primary care settings are also discussed. Importantly, challenges related to the underrepresentation of ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged persons must be considered. If these challenges are overcome, a new time of cost-effective blood-based biomarkers for AD could represent the future of clinical procedures in the field and, together with continued prevention strategies, the beginning of an era with a lower incidence of dementia worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Whelan
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dark HE, An Y, Duggan MR, Joynes C, Davatzikos C, Erus G, Lewis A, Moghekar AR, Resnick SM, Walker KA. Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative disease biomarkers in blood predict brain atrophy and cognitive decline. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:94. [PMID: 38689358 PMCID: PMC11059745 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although blood-based biomarkers have been identified as cost-effective and scalable alternatives to PET and CSF markers of neurodegenerative disease, little is known about how these biomarkers predict future brain atrophy and cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), we examined whether plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β [Aβ42/40], phosphorylated tau [pTau-181]), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) were associated with longitudinal brain volume loss and cognitive decline. Additionally, we determined whether sex, APOEε4 status, and plasma amyloid-β status modified these associations. METHODS Plasma biomarkers were measured using Quanterix SIMOA assays. Regional brain volumes were measured by 3T MRI, and a battery of neuropsychological tests assessed five cognitive domains. Linear mixed effects models adjusted for demographic factors, kidney function, and intracranial volume (MRI analyses) were completed to relate baseline plasma biomarkers to baseline and longitudinal brain volume and cognitive performance. RESULTS Brain volume analyses included 622 participants (mean age ± SD: 70.9 ± 10.2) with an average of 3.3 MRI scans over 4.7 years. Cognitive performance analyses included 674 participants (mean age ± SD: 71.2 ± 10.0) with an average of 3.9 cognitive assessments over 5.7 years. Higher baseline pTau-181 was associated with steeper declines in total gray matter volume and steeper regional declines in several medial temporal regions, whereas higher baseline GFAP was associated with greater longitudinal increases in ventricular volume. Baseline Aβ42/40 and NfL levels were not associated with changes in brain volume. Lower baseline Aβ42/40 (higher Aβ burden) was associated with a faster decline in verbal memory and visuospatial performance, whereas higher baseline GFAP was associated with a faster decline in verbal fluency. Results were generally consistent across sex and APOEε4 status. However, the associations of higher pTau-181 with increasing ventricular volume and memory declines were significantly stronger among individuals with higher Aβ burden, as was the association of higher GFAP with memory decline. CONCLUSIONS Among cognitively unimpaired older adults, plasma biomarkers of AD pathology (pTau-181) and astrogliosis (GFAP), but not neuronal injury (NfL), serve as markers of future brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Dark
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute On Aging, NIH BRC BG RM 04B311, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute On Aging, NIH BRC BG RM 04B311, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michael R Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute On Aging, NIH BRC BG RM 04B311, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cassandra Joynes
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute On Aging, NIH BRC BG RM 04B311, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | - Guray Erus
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandria Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay R Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute On Aging, NIH BRC BG RM 04B311, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute On Aging, NIH BRC BG RM 04B311, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dark HE, Duggan MR, Walker KA. Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's and related dementias: A review and outlook for clinical neuropsychology. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:313-324. [PMID: 38520383 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances have improved the sensitivity and specificity of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Accurate quantification of amyloid-ß peptide, phosphorylated tau (pTau) isoforms, as well as markers of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) and neuro-immune activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and chitinase-3-like protein 1 [YKL-40]) in blood has allowed researchers to characterize neurobiological processes at scale in a cost-effective and minimally invasive manner. Although currently used primarily for research purposes, these blood-based biomarkers have the potential to be highly impactful in the clinical setting - aiding in diagnosis, predicting disease risk, and monitoring disease progression. Whereas plasma NfL has shown promise as a non-specific marker of neuronal injury, plasma pTau181, pTau217, pTau231, and GFAP have demonstrated desirable levels of sensitivity and specificity for identification of individuals with Alzheimer's disease pathology and Alzheimer's dementia. In this forward looking review, we (i) provide an overview of the most commonly used blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, (ii) discuss how comorbid medical conditions, demographic, and genetic factors can inform the interpretation of these biomarkers, (iii) describe ongoing efforts to move blood-based biomarkers into the clinic, and (iv) highlight the central role that clinical neuropsychologists may play in contextualizing and communicating blood-based biomarker results for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Dark
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jing X, Wang L, Song M, Geng H, Li W, Huo Y, Huang A, Wang X, An C. Serum neurofilament light chain and inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for early detection of mild cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9072. [PMID: 38643230 PMCID: PMC11032306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels, inflammatory cytokines, and cognitive function to assess their utility in the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 157 community-dwelling individuals aged 55 years and above, categorized into healthy controls, MCI, and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serum levels of NfL, inflammatory cytokines, and AD pathology markers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between these biomarkers and cognitive function were analyzed, and the diagnostic performance of the cognitive assessment scales and serum biomarker concentrations was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Serum NfL levels were significantly elevated in MCI and probable AD groups compared to healthy controls. Positive correlations were found between serum NfL and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and Aβ40. Combining serum NfL with p-tau217 and the Boston Naming Test significantly enhanced the predictive accuracy for MCI. However, combining serum NfL with inflammatory markers did not improve MCI prediction accuracy. Elevated serum NfL is associated with cognitive impairment and inflammatory markers, suggesting its potential as a peripheral serum biomarker for MCI detection. The combination of serum NfL with p-tau217 and cognitive tests could offer a more accurate prediction of MCI, providing new insights for AD treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Jing
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mei Song
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Wei Li
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Yaxin Huo
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Mental Health Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Mental Health Assessment and Intervention, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang S, Xie S, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Wang T, Zhang G. Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1380237. [PMID: 38659704 PMCID: PMC11039951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, with a complex pathogenesis and an irreversible course. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is particularly important for the intervention, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Based on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the research progress of biofluid biomarkers are classified and reviewed. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of future research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sitan Xie
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinpin Zheng
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hajjar I, Neal R, Yang Z, Lah JJ. Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and kidney function in normal and cognitively impaired older adults. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 16:e12581. [PMID: 38617186 PMCID: PMC11010257 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials have used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels for screening and enrollment. Preliminary evidence suggests that AD risk is related to impaired renal function. The impact of kidney function on commonly used AD biomarkers remains unknown. METHODS Participants in studies conducted at the Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (N = 973) had measurements of serum creatinine and CSF AD biomarkers. General linear models and individual data were used to assess the relationships between biomarkers and eGFR. RESULTS Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was associated with lower amyloid beta (Aβ)42/tau ratio (p < 0.0001) and Aβ42 (p = 0.002) and higher tau (p < 0.0001) and p-tau (p = 0.0002). The impact of eGFR on AD biomarker levels was more robust in individuals with cognitive impairment (all p-values were < 0.005). DISCUSSION The association between eGFR and CSF AD biomarkers has a significant impact that varies by cognitive status. Future studies exploring this impact on the pathogenesis of AD and related biomarkers are needed. Highlights There is a significant association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Kidney function influences CSF biomarker levels in individuals with normal cognitive function and those with MCI.The impact of kidney function on AD biomarker levels is more pronounced in individuals with cognitive impairment.The variation in CSF tau levels is independent of cardiovascular factors and is likely directly related to kidney function.Tau may have a possible role in both kidney and cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Hajjar
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Reem Neal
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - James J. Lah
- Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
van Gils V, Rizzo M, Côté J, Viechtbauer W, Fanelli G, Salas-Salvadó J, Wimberley T, Bulló M, Fernandez-Aranda F, Dalsgaard S, Visser PJ, Jansen WJ, Vos SJB. The association of glucose metabolism measures and diabetes status with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers of amyloid and tau: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105604. [PMID: 38423195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Therefore, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation of glucose metabolism measures (glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance indices) and DM status with AD biomarkers of amyloid-β and tau measured by positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid. We selected 37 studies from PubMed and Embase, including 11,694 individuals. More impaired glucose metabolism and DM status were associated with higher tau biomarkers (r=0.11[0.03-0.18], p=0.008; I2=68%), but were not associated with amyloid-β biomarkers (r=-0.06[-0.13-0.01], p=0.08; I2=81%). Meta-regression revealed that glucose metabolism and DM were specifically associated with tau biomarkers in population settings (p=0.001). Furthermore, more impaired glucose metabolism and DM status were associated with lower amyloid-β biomarkers in memory clinic settings (p=0.004), and in studies with a higher prevalence of dementia (p<0.001) or lower cognitive scores (p=0.04). These findings indicate that DM is associated with biomarkers of tau but not with amyloid-β. This knowledge is valuable for improving dementia and DM diagnostics and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle van Gils
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marianna Rizzo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jade Côté
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Fanelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental, Reus, Spain; CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Theresa Wimberley
- The National Center for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mònica Bulló
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain; Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group (NuMeH). Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), Reus 43201, Spain; Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- The National Center for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willemijn J Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bellomo G, Bayoumy S, Megaro A, Toja A, Nardi G, Gaetani L, Blujdea ER, Paolini Paoletti F, Wojdaƚa AL, Chiasserini D, van der Flier WM, Verberk IMW, Teunissen C, Parnetti L. Fully automated measurement of plasma Aβ42/40 and p-tau181: Analytical robustness and concordance with cerebrospinal fluid profile along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in two independent cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2453-2468. [PMID: 38323780 PMCID: PMC11032583 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For routine clinical implementation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers, fully automated random-access platforms are crucial to ensure reproducible measurements. We aimed to perform an analytical validation and to establish cutoffs for AD plasma biomarkers measured with Lumipulse. METHODS Two cohorts were included. UNIPG: n = 450 paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma samples from subjects along the AD-continuum, subjects affected by other neurodegenerative diseases, and controls with known CSF profile; AMS: n = 40 plasma samples from AD and n = 40 controls. Plasma amyloid β (Aβ)42, Aβ40, and p-tau181 were measured with Lumipulse. We evaluated analytical and diagnostic performance. RESULTS Lumipulse assays showed high analytical performance. Plasma p-tau181 levels accurately reflected CSF A+/T+ profile in AD-dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-AD, but not in asymptomatic-AD. Plasma and CSF Aβ42/40 values were concordant across clinical AD stages. Cutoffs and probability-based models performed satisfactorily in both cohorts. DISCUSSION The identified cutoffs and probability-based models represent a significant step toward plasma AD molecular diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bellomo
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Sherif Bayoumy
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Megaro
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Andrea Toja
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Giovanna Nardi
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Elena R. Blujdea
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Federico Paolini Paoletti
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Anna Lidia Wojdaƚa
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Section of BiochemistryDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Alzheimer CenterDepartment of NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Inge M. W. Verberk
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- Neurochemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Center for Memory DisturbancesLab of Clinical NeurochemistrySection of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schraen-Maschke S, Duhamel A, Vidal JS, Ramdane N, Vaudran L, Dussart C, Buée L, Sablonnière B, Delaby C, Allinquant B, Gabelle A, Bombois S, Lehmann S, Hanon O. The free plasma amyloid Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40 ratio predicts conversion to dementia for subjects with mild cognitive impairment with performance equivalent to that of the total plasma Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40 ratio. The BALTAZAR study. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106459. [PMID: 38423192 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood-based biomarkers are a non-invasive solution to predict the risk of conversion of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. The utility of free plasma amyloid peptides (not bound to plasma proteins and/or cells) as an early indicator of conversion to dementia is still debated, as the results of studies have been contradictory. In this context, we investigated whether plasma levels of the free amyloid peptides Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 and the free plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio are associated with the conversion of MCI to dementia, in particular AD, over three years of follow-up in a subgroup of the BALTAZAR cohort. We also compared their predictive value to that of total plasma Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 levels and the total plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. METHODS The plasma Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 peptide assay was performed using the INNO-BIA kit (Fujirebio Europe). Free amyloid levels (defined by the amyloid fraction directly accessible to antibodies of the assay) were obtained with the undiluted plasma, whereas total amyloid levels were obtained after the dilution of plasma (1/3) with a denaturing buffer. Free and total Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 levels were measured at inclusion for a subgroup of participants (N = 106) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the BALTAZAR study (a large-scale longitudinal multicenter cohort with a three-year follow-up). Associations between conversion and the free/total plasma Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 levels and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio were analyzed using logistic and Cox Proportional Hazards models. Demographic, clinical, cognitive (MMSE, ADL and IADL), APOE, and MRI characteristics (relative hippocampal volume) were compared using non-parametric (Mann-Whitney) or parametric (Student) tests for quantitative variables and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests for qualitative variables. RESULTS The risk of conversion to dementia was lower for patients in the highest quartile of free plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 (≥ 25.8%) than those in the three lower quartiles: hazard ratio = 0.36 (95% confidence interval [0.15-0.87]), after adjustment for age, sex, education, and APOE ε4 (p-value = 0.022). This was comparable to the risk of conversion in the highest quartile of total plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40: hazard ratio = 0.37 (95% confidence interval [0.16-0.89], p-value = 0.027). However, while patients in the highest quartile of total plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 showed higher MMSE scores and a higher hippocampal volume than patients in the three lowest quartiles of total plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, as well as normal CSF biomarker levels, the patients in the highest quartile of free plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 did not show any significant differences in MMSE scores, hippocampal volume, or CSF biomarker levels relative to the three lowest quartiles of free plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40. CONCLUSION The free plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio is associated with a risk of conversion from MCI to dementia within three years, with performance comparable to that of the total plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. Threshold levels of the free and total plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio could be determined, with a 60% lower risk of conversion for patients above the threshold than those below.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schraen-Maschke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - A Duhamel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, Lille, France
| | - J S Vidal
- Université de Paris, EA 4468 and APHP, Hôpital Broca, Memory Resource and Research Centre of de Paris-Broca-Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - N Ramdane
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, Lille, France
| | - L Vaudran
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - C Dussart
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - L Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - B Sablonnière
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - C Delaby
- LBPC-PPC, Université de Montpellier, INM INSERM, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Allinquant
- UMR-S1266, Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - A Gabelle
- CMRR, Université de Montpellier, INM INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Bombois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, LiCEND, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Département de Neurologie, Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - S Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, Université de Montpellier, INM INSERM, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - O Hanon
- Université de Paris, EA 4468 and APHP, Hôpital Broca, Memory Resource and Research Centre of de Paris-Broca-Ile de France, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lista S, Mapstone M, Caraci F, Emanuele E, López-Ortiz S, Martín-Hernández J, Triaca V, Imbimbo C, Gabelle A, Mielke MM, Nisticò R, Santos-Lozano A, Imbimbo BP. A critical appraisal of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102290. [PMID: 38580173 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers that predict the clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) enable the identification of individuals in the early, preclinical stages of the disease. Detecting AD at this point may allow for more effective therapeutic interventions and optimized enrollment for clinical trials of novel drugs. The current biological diagnosis of AD is based on the AT(N) classification system with the measurement of brain deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) ("A"), tau pathology ("T"), and neurodegeneration ("N"). Diagnostic cut-offs for Aβ1-42, the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, tau and hyperphosphorylated-tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid have been defined and may support AD clinical diagnosis. Blood-based biomarkers of the AT(N) categories have been described in the AD continuum. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that the combination of blood biomarkers tracking neuroaxonal injury (neurofilament light chain) and neuroinflammatory pathways (glial fibrillary acidic protein) enhance sensitivity and specificity of AD clinical diagnosis and improve the prediction of AD onset. However, no international accepted cut-offs have been identified for these blood biomarkers. A kit for blood Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 is commercially available in the U.S.; however, it does not provide a diagnosis, but simply estimates the risk of developing AD. Although blood-based AD biomarkers have a great potential in the diagnostic work-up of AD, they are not ready for the routine clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina 94018, Italy.
| | | | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome 00015, Italy.
| | - Camillo Imbimbo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University of Excellence i-site, Montpellier 34295, France.
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy.
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma 43122, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Colvee-Martin H, Parra JR, Gonzalez GA, Barker W, Duara R. Neuropathology, Neuroimaging, and Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:704. [PMID: 38611617 PMCID: PMC11012058 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) should lead ultimately to an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AD, providing the opportunity to intervene earlier in the disease process and to improve outcomes. The known hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles. It is now clear that an imbalance between production and clearance of the amyloid beta protein and related Aβ peptides, especially Aβ42, is a very early, initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, leading to aggregates of hyperphosphorylation and misfolded tau protein, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this article, we review how the AD diagnostic process has been transformed in recent decades by our ability to measure these various elements of the pathological cascade through the use of imaging and fluid biomarkers. The more recently developed plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated-tau217 (p-tau217), have utility for screening and diagnosis of the earliest stages of AD. These biomarkers can also be used to measure target engagement by disease-modifying therapies and the response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Colvee-Martin
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| | - Juan Rayo Parra
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (J.R.P.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Gabriel Antonio Gonzalez
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (J.R.P.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Warren Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kim YJ, Rho WY, Park SM, Jun BH. Optical nanomaterial-based detection of biomarkers in liquid biopsy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:10. [PMID: 38486294 PMCID: PMC10938695 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, which is a minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to tissue biopsy, has been introduced as a new diagnostic/prognostic measure. By screening disease-related markers from the blood or other biofluids, it promises early diagnosis, timely prognostication, and effective treatment of the diseases. However, there will be a long way until its realization due to its conceptual and practical challenges. The biomarkers detected by liquid biopsy, such as circulating tumor cell (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), are extraordinarily rare and often obscured by an abundance of normal cellular components, necessitating ultra-sensitive and accurate detection methods for the advancement of liquid biopsy techniques. Optical biosensors based on nanomaterials open an important opportunity in liquid biopsy because of their enhanced sensing performance with simple and practical properties. In this review article, we summarized recent innovations in optical nanomaterials to demonstrate the sensitive detection of protein, peptide, ctDNA, miRNA, exosome, and CTCs. Each study prepares the optical nanomaterials with a tailored design to enhance the sensing performance and to meet the requirements of each biomarker. The unique optical characteristics of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, upconversion NPs, silica NPs, polymeric NPs, and carbon nanomaterials are exploited for sensitive detection mechanisms. These recent advances in liquid biopsy using optical nanomaterials give us an opportunity to overcome challenging issues and provide a resource for understanding the unknown characteristics of the biomarkers as well as the mechanism of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Chonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Park
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang Y, Uhm H, Ip FC, Ouyang L, Lo RMN, Cheng EYL, Cao X, Tan CMC, Law BCH, Ortiz‐Romero P, Puig‐Pijoan A, Fernández‐Lebrero A, Contador J, Mok KY, Hardy J, Kwok TCY, Mok VCT, Suárez‐Calvet M, Zetterberg H, Fu AKY, Ip NY. A blood-based multi-pathway biomarker assay for early detection and staging of Alzheimer's disease across ethnic groups. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2000-2015. [PMID: 38183344 PMCID: PMC10984431 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) mainly focus on its pathological features. However, studies on blood-based biomarkers associated with other biological processes for a comprehensive evaluation of AD status are limited. METHODS We developed a blood-based, multiplex biomarker assay for AD that measures the levels of 21 proteins involved in multiple biological pathways. We evaluated the assay's performance for classifying AD and indicating AD-related endophenotypes in three independent cohorts from Chinese or European-descent populations. RESULTS The 21-protein assay accurately classified AD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.9407 to 0.9867) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; AUC = 0.8434 to 0.8945) while also indicating brain amyloid pathology. Moreover, the assay simultaneously evaluated the changes of five biological processes in individuals and revealed the ethnic-specific dysregulations of biological processes upon AD progression. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated the utility of a blood-based, multi-pathway biomarker assay for early screening and staging of AD, providing insights for patient stratification and precision medicine. HIGHLIGHTS The authors developed a blood-based biomarker assay for Alzheimer's disease. The 21-protein assay classifies AD/MCI and indicates brain amyloid pathology. The 21-protein assay can simultaneously assess activities of five biological processes. Ethnic-specific dysregulations of biological processes in AD were revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Jiang
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
| | - Hyebin Uhm
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
| | - Fanny C. Ip
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Li Ouyang
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
| | - Ronnie M. N. Lo
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
| | - Elaine Y. L. Cheng
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
| | - Clara M. C. Tan
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
| | - Brian C. H. Law
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
| | - Paula Ortiz‐Romero
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Albert Puig‐Pijoan
- Hospital del Mar Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Cognitive Decline Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Del MarBarcelonaSpain
- Medicine DepartmentUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- ERA‐Net on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA‐CVD) ConsortiumBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aida Fernández‐Lebrero
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Cognitive Decline Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Del MarBarcelonaSpain
- ERA‐Net on Cardiovascular Diseases (ERA‐CVD) ConsortiumBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - José Contador
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Cognitive Decline Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Del MarBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kin Y. Mok
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseQueen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - John Hardy
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseQueen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Timothy C. Y. Kwok
- Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of DementiaDivision of GeriatricsDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShatinHKSARChina
| | - Vincent C. T. Mok
- Lau Tat‐chuen Research Centre of Brain Degenerative Diseases in ChineseGerald Choa Neuroscience InstituteLui Che Woo Institute of Innovative MedicineLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesDivision of NeurologyDepartment of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShatinHKSARChina
| | - Marc Suárez‐Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC)Pasqual Maragall FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Cognitive Decline Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Del MarBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseQueen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Amy K. Y. Fu
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life ScienceState Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience CenterThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, KowloonHKSARChina
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHKHKSARChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceDisease and Drug DevelopmentHKUST Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mehdipour Ghazi M, Selnes P, Timón-Reina S, Tecelão S, Ingala S, Bjørnerud A, Kirsebom BE, Fladby T, Nielsen M. Comparative analysis of multimodal biomarkers for amyloid-beta positivity detection in Alzheimer's disease cohorts. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1345417. [PMID: 38469163 PMCID: PMC10925621 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1345417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efforts to develop cost-effective approaches for detecting amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have gained significant momentum with a focus on biomarker classification. Recent research has explored non-invasive and readily accessible biomarkers, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers and some AD risk factors. Methods In this comprehensive study, we leveraged a diverse dataset, encompassing participants with varying cognitive statuses from multiple sources, including cohorts from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and our in-house Dementia Disease Initiation (DDI) cohort. As brain amyloid plaques have been proposed as sufficient for AD diagnosis, our primary aim was to assess the effectiveness of multimodal biomarkers in identifying amyloid plaques, using deep machine learning methodologies. Results Our findings underscore the robustness of the utilized methods in detecting amyloid beta positivity across multiple cohorts. Additionally, we investigated the potential of demographic data to enhance MRI-based amyloid detection. Notably, the inclusion of demographic risk factors significantly improved our models' ability to detect amyloid-beta positivity, particularly in early-stage cases, exemplified by an average area under the ROC curve of 0.836 in the unimpaired DDI cohort. Discussion These promising, non-invasive, and cost-effective predictors of MRI biomarkers and demographic variables hold the potential for further refinement through considerations like APOE genotype and plasma markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mehdipour Ghazi
- Department of Computer Science, Pioneer Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Selnes
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sandra Tecelão
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Silvia Ingala
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atle Bjørnerud
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Unit for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn-Eivind Kirsebom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tormod Fladby
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads Nielsen
- Department of Computer Science, Pioneer Centre for Artificial Intelligence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li K, Zhou X, Liu Y, Li D, Li Y, Zhang T, Fu C, Li L, Hu Y, Jiang L. Serum amyloid beta 42 levels correlated with metabolic syndrome and its components. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1278477. [PMID: 38405149 PMCID: PMC10893966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1278477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain appears to be a key initiating event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and factors associated with increased deposition of beta-amyloid are of great interest. Enhanced deposition of amyloid-β peptides is due to an imbalance between their production and elimination. Previous studies show that diminished levels of CSF amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) is a biomarker in AD; however, the role of serum Aβ42 in AD is contradictory. BMI and obesity have been reported to be related to increased serum Aβ42 levels. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relation between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its clinical measures (abdominal obesity, high glucose, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and hypertension), and serum Aβ42 levels. Methods A total of 1261 subjects, aged 18-89 years in Chengdu, China, were enrolled from January 2020 to January 2021 to explore the correlation of serum Aβ42 levels with body mass index (BMI), blood lipids, and blood pressure. Furthermore, as the risk of MetS is closely related to age, 1,212 participants (N = 49 with age ≥ 80 years old were excluded) were analyzed for the correlation of serum Aβ42 level and MetS clinical measures. Results The results showed that log-transformed serum Aβ42 level was positively correlated with BMI (R = 0.29; p < 0.001), log-transformed triglyceride (R = 0.14; p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (R = 0.12; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) (R = -0.18; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, and other covariates, elevated serum Aβ42 level was correlated with higher values of BMI (βmodel1 = 2.694, βmodel2 = 2.703) and DBP (βmodel1 = 0.541, βmodel2 = 0.546) but a lower level of HDL-c (βmodel2 = -1.741). Furthermore, serum Aβ42 level was positively correlated with MetS and its clinical measures, including BMI and DBP, and negatively correlated with HDL-c level in the Han Chinese population. However, the level of serum Aβ42 did not show a significant correlation with high glucose or high triglyceride. Discussion These observations indicate that MetS and its components are associated with higher levels of serum Aβ42 and hence limit the potential of serum Aβ42 as a suitable diagnostic biomarker for AD. As such, we recommend serum Aβ42 serve as a direct risk biomarker for MetS rather than for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youren Liu
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinyin Li
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cournut A, Moustiez P, Coffinier Y, Enjalbal C, Bich C. Innovative SALDI mass spectrometry analysis for Alzheimer's disease synthetic peptides detection. Talanta 2024; 268:125357. [PMID: 37951181 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is nowadays the prominent cause of senile dementia. This pathology is characterized by aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles in cells and by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. Noteworthy, a phosphorylated protein (tau protein) and a peptide presenting two overlapping sequences of 40 or 42 residues named β-amyloid peptides 1-40 (Aβ 1-40) and 1-42 (Aβ 1-42), respectively, were related to such deleterious phenomena. Singularly, the neurotoxicity was primarily attributed to the amyloid peptide Aβ 1-42 form due to its capacity to fold into beta-sheets rendering it insoluble thus causing subsequent aggregation and accumulation in vivo. Regarding AD diagnosis relying on mass spectrometry, Aβ 1-42 and/or Aβ 1-40 were considered as relevant biomarkers being measured in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), blood and urine. Under that context, we aimed at implementing an innovative method to evidence the depletion of circulating Aβ 1-42 amyloid peptide compared to the shorter Aβ 1-40 form indicating a pathologic state. We investigated Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) in order to monitor the Aβ 1-42/Aβ 1-40 ratio without any prior sample treatment or enrichment. Taking into account that β-amyloid peptide and 1-42 can aggregate into beta-sheets depending on the experimental conditions, specific attention was devoted to sample integrity monitoring performed by circular dichroism experiments during SALDI-MS method development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cournut
- Univ Montpellier, IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Moustiez
- Univ Lille, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | | | - Claudia Bich
- Univ Montpellier, IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dark HE, Paterson C, Daya GN, Peng Z, Duggan MR, Bilgel M, An Y, Moghekar A, Davatzikos C, Resnick SM, Loupy K, Simpson M, Candia J, Mosley T, Coresh J, Palta P, Ferrucci L, Shapiro A, Williams SA, Walker KA. Proteomic Indicators of Health Predict Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Levels and Dementia Risk. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:260-273. [PMID: 37801487 PMCID: PMC10842994 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have comprehensively examined how health and disease risk influence Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. The present study examined the association of 14 protein-based health indicators with plasma and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration. METHODS In 706 cognitively normal adults, we examined whether 14 protein-based health indices (ie, SomaSignal® tests) were associated with concurrently measured plasma-based biomarkers of AD pathology (amyloid-β [Aβ]42/40 , tau phosphorylated at threonine-181 [pTau-181]), neuronal injury (neurofilament light chain [NfL]), and reactive astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), brain volume, and cortical Aβ and tau. In a separate cohort (n = 11,285), we examined whether protein-based health indicators associated with neurodegeneration also predict 25-year dementia risk. RESULTS Greater protein-based risk for cardiovascular disease, heart failure mortality, and kidney disease was associated with lower Aβ42/40 and higher pTau-181, NfL, and GFAP levels, even in individuals without cardiovascular or kidney disease. Proteomic indicators of body fat percentage, lean body mass, and visceral fat were associated with pTau-181, NfL, and GFAP, whereas resting energy rate was negatively associated with NfL and GFAP. Together, these health indicators predicted 12, 31, 50, and 33% of plasma Aβ42/40 , pTau-181, NfL, and GFAP levels, respectively. Only protein-based measures of cardiovascular risk were associated with reduced regional brain volumes; these measures predicted 25-year dementia risk, even among those without clinically defined cardiovascular disease. INTERPRETATION Subclinical peripheral health may influence AD and neurodegenerative disease processes and relevant biomarker levels, particularly NfL. Cardiovascular health, even in the absence of clinically defined disease, plays a central role in brain aging and dementia. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:260-273.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Dark
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gulzar N. Daya
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhongsheng Peng
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Duggan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Julián Candia
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas Mosley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Allison Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Keenan A. Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wojdała AL, Bellomo G, Toja A, Gaetani L, Parnetti L, Chiasserini D. CSF and plasma Aβ42/40 across Alzheimer's disease continuum: comparison of two ultrasensitive Simoa ® assays targeting distinct amyloid regions. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:332-340. [PMID: 37656487 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 42/40 ratio (Aβ42/40) is one of the core Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Measurement of Aβ42/40 in plasma has also been proposed as a surrogate marker for amyloidosis, however the validity and the diagnostic performance of this biomarker is still uncertain. Here we evaluated two immunoassays targeting distinct regions of the amyloid peptides by (a) performing a method comparison in both CSF and plasma, and (b) assessing the diagnostic performance across the AD continuum. METHODS We used N4PE and N3PA Simoa® assays to measure Aβ42/40 in CSF and plasma of 134 patients: preclinical AD (pre-AD, n=19), mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD, n=41), AD at the dementia stage (AD-dem, n=35), and a control group (CTRL, n=39). The N4PE includes a detector antibody targeting the amyloid N-terminus, while the N3PA uses a detector targeting amyloid mid-region. RESULTS Method comparison of N4PE and N3PA assays revealed discrepancies in assessment of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40. While the diagnostic performance of the two assays did not significantly differ in CSF, in plasma, N4PE assay provided better accuracy for AD discrimination than N3PA assay (AUC AD-dem vs. CTRL 0.77 N4PE, 0.68 N3PA). CONCLUSIONS While both Aβ42/40 assays allowed for an effective discrimination between CTRL and different AD stages, the assay targeting amyloid N-terminal region provided the best diagnostic performance in plasma. Differences observed in technical and diagnostic performance of the two assays may depend on matrix-specific amyloid processing, suggesting that further studies should be carried to standardize amyloid ratio measurement in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lidia Wojdała
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bellomo
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Toja
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chang YJ, Chien YH, Chang CC, Wang PN, Chen YR, Chang YC. Detection of Femtomolar Amyloid-β Peptides for Early-Stage Identification of Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Aggregation with Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3819-3828. [PMID: 38214471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Progressive amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillar aggregates have long been considered as the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biocompatible and stable cysteine-Aβ peptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Cys-Aβ@AuNP) are demonstrated as suitable materials for detecting subfemtomolar Aβ peptides in human plasma. Incubation with Aβ peptides causes the Cys-Aβ@AuNP to aggregate and changes its absorption spectra. The spectral change is especially apparent and noticeable when detecting subfemtomolar Aβ peptides, and the aggregates contain only two or three AuNPs. Cys-Aβ@AuNP can also be used to identify early-stage Aβ oligomerization, which is not possible using the conventional method, in which the fluorescence of thioflavin-T is measured. The ability to detect Aβ oligomerization can facilitate therapeutics for AD. In addition, the binding of Aβ peptides by Cys-Aβ@AuNP in combination with centrifugation redirects the conventional Aβ aggregation pathway and can effectively inhibit the formation of toxic Aβ oligomers or fibrils. Therefore, the proposed Cys-Aβ@AuNP can also be used to develop effective therapeutic agents to inhibit Aβ aggregation. The results obtained in this study are expected to open revolutionary ways to both detect and inhibit Aβ aggregation at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chien
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chun Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chorng Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bhalala OG, Watson R, Yassi N. Multi-Omic Blood Biomarkers as Dynamic Risk Predictors in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1231. [PMID: 38279230 PMCID: PMC10816901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, accounting for a growing burden of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease before symptoms are established is clinically challenging, but would provide therapeutic windows for disease-modifying interventions. Blood biomarkers, including genetics, proteins and metabolites, are emerging as powerful predictors of Alzheimer's disease at various timepoints within the disease course, including at the preclinical stage. In this review, we discuss recent advances in such blood biomarkers for determining disease risk. We highlight how leveraging polygenic risk scores, based on genome-wide association studies, can help stratify individuals along their risk profile. We summarize studies analyzing protein biomarkers, as well as report on recent proteomic- and metabolomic-based prediction models. Finally, we discuss how a combination of multi-omic blood biomarkers can potentially be used in memory clinics for diagnosis and to assess the dynamic risk an individual has for developing Alzheimer's disease dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oneil G. Bhalala
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; (R.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Australia
| | - Rosie Watson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; (R.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Australia
| | - Nawaf Yassi
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia; (R.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Colmant L, Boyer E, Gerard T, Sleegers K, Lhommel R, Ivanoiu A, Lefèvre P, Kienlen-Campard P, Hanseeuw B. Definition of a Threshold for the Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 Ratio Measured by Single-Molecule Array to Predict the Amyloid Status of Individuals without Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1173. [PMID: 38256246 PMCID: PMC10816992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aβ plaques precede cognitive impairments and can be detected through amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) or in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Assessing the plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio seems promising for non-invasive and cost-effective detection of brain Aβ accumulation. This approach involves some challenges, including the accuracy of blood-based biomarker measurements and the establishment of clear, standardized thresholds to categorize the risk of developing brain amyloid pathology. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was measured in 277 volunteers without dementia, 70 AD patients and 18 non-AD patients using single-molecule array. Patients (n = 88) and some volunteers (n = 66) were subject to evaluation of amyloid status by CSF Aβ quantification or PET analysis. Thresholds of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio were determined based on a Gaussian mixture model, a decision tree, and the Youden's index. The 0.0472 threshold, the one with the highest sensitivity, was retained for general population without dementia screening, and the 0.0450 threshold was retained for research and clinical trials recruitment, aiming to minimize the need for CSF or PET analyses to identify amyloid-positive individuals. These findings offer a promising step towards a cost-effective method for identifying individuals at risk of developing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Colmant
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emilien Boyer
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Thomas Gerard
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Renaud Lhommel
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Twait EL, Wu JH, Kamarioti M, Basten M, van der Flier WM, Gerritsen L, Geerlings MI. Association of amyloid-beta with depression or depressive symptoms in older adults without dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:25. [PMID: 38225253 PMCID: PMC10789765 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have indicated that depression might be a prodromal symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the cross-sectional association between amyloid-beta, one of the key pathologies defining AD, and depression or depressive symptoms in older adults without dementia. A systematic search in PubMed yielded 689 peer-reviewed articles. After full-text screening, nine CSF studies, 11 PET studies, and five plasma studies were included. No association between amyloid-beta and depression or depressive symptoms were found using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (0.15; 95% CI: -0.08; 0.37), positron emission topography (PET) (Cohen's d: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.05; 0.24), or plasma (-0.01; 95% CI: -0.23; 0.22). However, subgroup analyses revealed an association in plasma studies of individuals with cognitive impairment. A trend of an association was found in the studies using CSF and PET. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that depressive symptoms may be part of the prodromal stage of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Twait
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Department of General Practice, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health; Aging & Later life, and Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration, and Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jen-Hao Wu
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Kamarioti
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Basten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Gerritsen
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Department of General Practice, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience; Neurodegeneration, and Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nielsen JE, Andreassen T, Gotfredsen CH, Olsen DA, Vestergaard K, Madsen JS, Kristensen SR, Pedersen S. Serum metabolic signatures for Alzheimer's Disease reveal alterations in amino acid composition: a validation study. Metabolomics 2024; 20:12. [PMID: 38180611 PMCID: PMC10770204 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is complex and novel approaches are urgently needed to aid in diagnosis. Blood is frequently used as a source for biomarkers; however, its complexity prevents proper detection. The analytical power of metabolomics, coupled with statistical tools, can assist in reducing this complexity. OBJECTIVES Thus, we sought to validate a previously proposed panel of metabolic blood-based biomarkers for AD and expand our understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved in AD that are reflected in the blood. METHODS In the validation cohort serum and plasma were collected from 25 AD patients and 25 healthy controls. Serum was analysed for metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, while plasma was tested for markers of neuronal damage and AD hallmark proteins using single molecule array (SIMOA). RESULTS The diagnostic performance of the metabolite biomarker panel was confirmed using sparse-partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.59-0.87). Pyruvic acid and valine were consistently reduced in the discovery and validation cohorts. Pathway analysis of significantly altered metabolites in the validation set revealed that they are involved in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and energy metabolism (glycolysis and gluconeogenesis). Additionally, strong positive correlations were observed for valine and isoleucine between cerebrospinal fluid p-tau and t-tau. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed panel of metabolites was successfully validated using a combined approach of NMR and sPLS-DA. It was discovered that cognitive-impairment-related metabolites belong to BCAAs and are involved in energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ellegaard Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Central staff, St. Olavs Hospital HF, 7006, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Risom Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shona Pedersen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nystuen KL, McNamee SM, Akula M, Holton KM, DeAngelis MM, Haider NB. Alzheimer's Disease: Models and Molecular Mechanisms Informing Disease and Treatments. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:45. [PMID: 38247923 PMCID: PMC10813760 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease resulting in progressive loss of memory, language and motor abilities caused by cortical and hippocampal degeneration. This review captures the landscape of understanding of AD pathology, diagnostics, and current therapies. Two major mechanisms direct AD pathology: (1) accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque and (2) tau-derived neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The most common variants in the Aβ pathway in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 are largely responsible for early-onset AD (EOAD), while MAPT, APOE, TREM2 and ABCA7 have a modifying effect on late-onset AD (LOAD). More recent studies implicate chaperone proteins and Aβ degrading proteins in AD. Several tests, such as cognitive function, brain imaging, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests, are used for AD diagnosis. Additionally, several biomarkers seem to have a unique AD specific combination of expression and could potentially be used in improved, less invasive diagnostics. In addition to genetic perturbations, environmental influences, such as altered gut microbiome signatures, affect AD. Effective AD treatments have been challenging to develop. Currently, there are several FDA approved drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, Aß-targeting antibodies and an NMDA antagonist) that could mitigate AD rate of decline and symptoms of distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaden L. Nystuen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shannon M. McNamee
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Monica Akula
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristina M. Holton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Neena B. Haider
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Soares Martins T, Ferreira M, Magalhães S, Leandro K, Almeida LPD, Vogelgsang J, Breitling B, Hansen N, Esselmann H, Wiltfang J, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Nunes A, Henriques AG. FTIR Spectroscopy and Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Duo in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1157-1167. [PMID: 38489187 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is difficult, and new accurate tools based on peripheral biofluids are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as a valuable source of biomarker profiles for AD, since their cargo is disease-specific and these can be easily isolated from easily accessible biofluids, as blood. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be employed to analyze EVs and obtain the spectroscopic profiles from different regions of the spectra, simultaneously characterizing carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Objective The aim of this study was to identify blood-derived EVs (bdEVs) spectroscopic signatures with AD discriminatory potential. Methods Herein, FTIR spectra of bdEVs from two biofluids (serum and plasma) and distinct sets of Controls and AD cases were acquired, and EVs' spectra analyzed. Results Analysis of bdEVs second derivative peaks area revealed differences between Controls and AD cases in distinct spectra regions, assigned to carbohydrates and nucleic acids, amides, and lipids. Conclusions EVs' spectroscopic profiles presented AD discriminatory value, supporting the use of bdEVs combined with FTIR as a screening or complementary tool for AD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Soares Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Ferreira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Magalhães
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, UnIC@RISE - Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kevin Leandro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís P de Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Benedict Breitling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Esselmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nunes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
McIntire LB. Prognostic Power? Do the Plasma Biomarkers, Neurofilament Light and Phospho-Tau 181, Improve Prediction of Progression to Alzheimer's Disease Using a Machine Learning Approach in the ADNI Cohort? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:883-885. [PMID: 38759014 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of therapeutics with potential to slow Alzheimer's disease progression the necessity of understanding the diagnostic value of plasma biomarkers is critical, not only for understanding the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease, but also for access and response to potentially disease modifying therapeutic agents. Multiple studies are currently assessing the sensitivity and specificity of plasma biomarkers in large cohorts such as the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. This study uses machine learning to predict the progression from mild cognitive impairment using plasma biomarkers in conjunction with well-established cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Beth McIntire
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain Health Imaging Institute, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gillespie NA, Elman JA, McKenzie RE, Tu XM, Xian H, Reynolds CA, Panizzon MS, Lyons MJ, Eglit GML, Neale MC, Rissman RA, Franz C, Kremen WS. The heritability of blood-based biomarkers related to risk of Alzheimer's disease in a population-based sample of early old-age men. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:356-365. [PMID: 37622539 PMCID: PMC10843753 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite their increased application, the heritability of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related blood-based biomarkers remains unexplored. METHODS Plasma amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40), Aβ42, the Aβ42/40 ratio, total tau (t-tau), and neurofilament light (NfL) data came from 1035 men 60 to 73 years of age (μ = 67.0, SD = 2.6). Twin models were used to calculate heritability and the genetic and environmental correlations between them. RESULTS Additive genetics explained 44% to 52% of Aβ42, Aβ40, t-tau, and NfL. The Aβ42/40 ratio was not heritable. Aβ40 and Aβ42 were genetically near identical (rg = 0.94). Both Aβ40 and Aβ42 were genetically correlated with NfL (rg = 0.35 to 0.38), but genetically unrelated to t-tau. DISCUSSION Except for Aβ42/40, plasma biomarkers are heritable. Aβ40 and Aβ42 share mostly the same genetic influences, whereas genetic influences on plasma t-tau and NfL are largely unique in early old-age men. The absence of genetic associations between the Aβs and t-tau is not consistent with the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behaviour GeneticsDepartment of PsychiatryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruth E. McKenzie
- Department of PsychologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- School of Education and Social PolicyMerrimack CollegeNorth AndoverMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSaint. Louis UniversitySt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Research Service, VA St. Louis Healthcare SystemSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Graham M. L. Eglit
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on AgingUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behaviour GeneticsDepartment of PsychiatryVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carol Franz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Giuffrè GM, Quaranta D, Vita MG, Costantini EM, Citro S, Carrozza C, De Ninno G, Calabresi P, Marra C. Performance of Fully-Automated High-Throughput Plasma Biomarker Assays for Alzheimer's Disease in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Subjects. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:1073-1078. [PMID: 39044519 PMCID: PMC11266251 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel plasma biomarkers are promising for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological processes in vivo, but most currently employed assays have limitations precluding widespread use. METHODS CSF and plasma samples were collected from seventy amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subjects, stratified as A+ and A-. CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, p-tau181 and t-tau and plasma Aβ40, Aβ42 and p-tau181 quantification were conducted using the Lumipulse G assays (Fujirebio), to evaluate the diagnostic performance of plasma biomarkers and assess their associations with CSF biomarkers. RESULTS All plasma biomarkers except Aβ40 showed a very good accuracy in distinguishing A+ aMCI from A- aMCI, Aβ42/p-tau181 ratio being the most accurate (AUC 0.895, sensitivity 95.1%, specificity 82.8%). Plasma biomarkers levels were significantly associated with CSF biomarkers concentration. DISCUSSION High-throughput and fully-automated plasma assays could be helpful in discriminating with high accuracy between aMCI in the AD continuum and aMCI unlikely due to AD in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Giuffrè
- Dr. Davide Quaranta, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli', Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8 - 00168 - Rome, Italy, e-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang Y, Kim WS, Michaelian JC, Lewis SJG, Phillips CL, D'Rozario AL, Chatterjee P, Martins RN, Grunstein R, Halliday GM, Naismith SL. Predicting neurodegeneration from sleep related biofluid changes. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106369. [PMID: 38049012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake disturbances are common in neurodegenerative diseases and may occur years before the clinical diagnosis, potentially either representing an early stage of the disease itself or acting as a pathophysiological driver. Therefore, discovering biomarkers that identify individuals with sleep-wake disturbances who are at risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases will allow early diagnosis and intervention. Given the association between sleep and neurodegeneration, the most frequently analyzed fluid biomarkers in people with sleep-wake disturbances to date include those directly associated with neurodegeneration itself, such as neurofilament light chain, phosphorylated tau, amyloid-beta and alpha-synuclein. Abnormalities in these biomarkers in patients with sleep-wake disturbances are considered as evidence of an underlying neurodegenerative process. Levels of hormonal sleep-related biomarkers such as melatonin, cortisol and orexin are often abnormal in patients with clinical neurodegenerative diseases, but their relationships with the more standard neurodegenerative biomarkers remain unclear. Similarly, it is unclear whether other chronobiological/circadian biomarkers, such as disrupted clock gene expression, are causal factors or a consequence of neurodegeneration. Current data would suggest that a combination of fluid biomarkers may identify sleep-wake disturbances that are most predictive for the risk of developing neurodegenerative disease with more optimal sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Johannes C Michaelian
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, School of Psychology, Brain and Mind Centre & The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Craig L Phillips
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Angela L D'Rozario
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, School of Psychology, Brain and Mind Centre & The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ron Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, School of Psychology, Brain and Mind Centre & The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Z, Fan Z, Zhang Q. The Associations of Phosphorylated Tau 181 and Tau 231 Levels in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid with Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:13-32. [PMID: 38339929 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood biomarkers like phosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau) are used to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) early. Increasing studies on cognitive function and blood or CSF p-tau levels are controversial. Objective Our study examined the potential of p-tau as a biomarker of cognitive status in normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant material through 12 January 2023. 5,017 participants from 20 studies-1,033 AD, 2,077 MCI, and 1,907 NC-were evaluated. Quantitative analysis provided continuous outcomes as SMDs with 95% CIs. Begg tested publication bias. Results MCI patients had lower CSF p-tau181 levels than AD patients (SMD =-0.60, 95% CI (-0.85, -0.36)) but higher than healthy controls (SMD = 0.67). AD/MCI patients had greater plasma p-tau181 levels than healthy people (SMD =-0.73, 95% CI (-1.04, -0.43)). MCI patients had significantly lower p-tau231 levels than AD patients in plasma and CSF (SMD =-0.90, 95% CI (-0.82, -0.45)). MCI patients showed greater CSF and plasma p-tau231 than healthy controls (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI (0.89, 1.79) and 0.43, (0.23, 0.64)). Plasma p-tau181/231 levels also distinguished the three categories. MCI patients had higher levels than healthy people, while AD patients had higher levels than MCI patients. Conclusions CSF p-tau181 and p-tau231 biomarkers distinguished AD, MCI, and healthy populations. Plasma-based p-tau181 and p-tau231 biomarkers for AD and MCI need further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Li
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Chengdu, China
| | - Zixuan Fan
- School of Health Policy and Management, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiamen Fifth Hospital, Fujian Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Goodman MJ, Li XR, Livschitz J, Huang CC, Bendlin BB, Granadillo ED. Comparing Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Amyloid-β42 as Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease Development. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1427-1444. [PMID: 38225970 PMCID: PMC10789286 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physicians may soon be able to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early stages using fluid biomarkers like amyloid. However, it is acknowledged that additional biomarkers need to be characterized which would facilitate earlier monitoring of AD pathogenesis. Objective To determine if a potential novel inflammation biomarker for AD, symmetric dimethylarginine, has utility as a baseline serum biomarker for discriminating prodromal AD from cognitively unimpaired controls in comparison to cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42 (Aβ42). Methods Data including demographics, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scans, Mini-Mental State Examination and Functional Activities Questionnaire scores, and biomarker concentrations were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative for a total of 146 prodromal AD participants and 108 cognitively unimpaired controls. Results Aβ42 (p = 0.65) and symmetric dimethylarginine (p = 0.45) were unable to predict age-matched cognitively unimpaired controls and prodromal AD participants. Aβ42 was negatively associated with regional brain atrophy and hypometabolism as well as cognitive and functional decline in cognitively unimpaired control participants (p < 0.05) that generally decreased in time. There were no significant associations between Aβ42 and symmetric dimethylarginine with imaging or neurocognitive biomarkers in prodromal AD patients. Conclusions Correlations were smaller between Aβ42 and neuropathological biomarkers over time and were absent in prodromal AD participants, suggesting a plateau effect dependent on age and disease stage. Evidence supporting symmetric dimethylarginine as a novel biomarker for AD as a single measurement was not found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Ran Li
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elias D. Granadillo
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang S, Zhang L, Ma L, Wu H, Liu L, He X, Gao M, Li R. Neuropsychological, plasma marker, and functional connectivity changes in Alzheimer's disease patients infected with COVID-19. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1302281. [PMID: 38187359 PMCID: PMC10766841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1302281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with COVID-19 may experience various neurological conditions, including cognitive impairment, encephalitis, and stroke. This is particularly significant in individuals who already have Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the cognitive impairments can be more pronounced in these cases. However, the extent and underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairments in COVID-19-infected AD patients have yet to be fully investigated through clinical and neurophysiological approaches. Methods This study included a total of 77 AD patients. Cognitive functions were assessed using neuropsychiatric scales for all participants, and plasma biomarkers of amyloid protein and tau protein were measured in a subset of 25 participants. To investigate the changes in functional brain connectivity induced by COVID-19 infection, a cross-sectional neuroimaging design was conducted involving a subset of 37 AD patients, including a control group of 18 AD participants without COVID-19 infection and a COVID-19 group consisting of 19 AD participants. Results For the 77 AD patients between the stages of pre and post COVID-19 infection, there were significant differences in cognitive function and psychobehavioral symptoms on the Montreal Scale (MoCA), the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), the clinician's global impression of change (CIBIC-Plus), and the activity of daily living scale (ADL). The COVID-19 infection significantly decreased the plasma biomarker level of Aβ42 and increased the plasma p-tau181 level in AD patients. The COVID-19-infected AD patients show decreased local coherence (LCOR) in the anterior middle temporal gyrus and decreased global correlation (GCOR) in the precuneus and the medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusion The findings suggest clinical, cognitive, and neural alterations following COVID-19 infection in AD patients and emphasize the need for close monitoring of symptoms in AD patients who have had COVID-19 and further exploration of the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouzi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin He
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Maolong Gao
- Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arranz J, Zhu N, Rubio-Guerra S, Rodríguez-Baz Í, Ferrer R, Carmona-Iragui M, Barroeta I, Illán-Gala I, Santos-Santos M, Fortea J, Lleó A, Tondo M, Alcolea D. Diagnostic performance of plasma pTau 217, pTau 181, Aβ 1-42 and Aβ 1-40 in the LUMIPULSE automated platform for the detection of Alzheimer disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3725688. [PMID: 38168408 PMCID: PMC10760237 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3725688/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently developed blood markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection have high accuracy but usually require ultra-sensitive analytic tools not commonly available in clinical laboratories, and their performance in clinical practice is unknown. METHODS We analyzed plasma samples from 290 consecutive participants that underwent lumbar puncture in routine clinical practice in a specialized memory clinic (66 cognitively unimpaired, 130 participants with mild cognitive impairment, and 94 with dementia). Participants were classified as amyloid positive (A+) or negative (A-) according to CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. Plasma pTau217, pTau181, Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 were measured in the fully-automated LUMIPULSE platform. We used linear regression to compare plasma biomarkers concentrations between A + and A- groups, evaluated Spearman's correlation between plasma and CSF and performed ROC analyses to assess their diagnostic accuracy to detect brain amyloidosis as determined by CSF Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio. We analyzed the potential of pTau217 to predict amyloidosis in CSF. RESULTS Plasma pTau217 and pTau181 concentration were higher in A + than A- while the plasma Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio was lower in A + compared to A-. pTau181 and the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio showed moderate correlation between plasma and CSF (Rho = 0.66 and 0.69, respectively). The areas under the ROC curve to discriminate A + from A- participants were 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.97) for pTau217, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.92) for both pTau181 and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was related to increased plasma biomarker concentrations, but ratios were less affected. Plasma pTau217 had the highest fold change (x4.2) and showed high predictive capability in discriminating A + from A-, having 4-7% misclassification rate. The global accuracy of plasma pTau217 using a two-threshold approach was robust in symptomatic groups, exceeding 90%. CONCLUSION The evaluation of blood biomarkers on an automated platform exhibited high diagnostic accuracy for AD pathophysiology, and pTau217 showed excellent diagnostic accuracy to identify participants with AD in a consecutive sample representing the routine clinical practice in a specialized memory unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuole Zhu
- IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | | | | | - Rosa Ferrer
- IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Fortea
- IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | - Alberto Lleó
- IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | - Mireia Tondo
- IR SANT PAU, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
| | | |
Collapse
|