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Ekpruke CD, Alford R, Parker E, Silveyra P. Gonadal sex and chromosome complement influence the gut microbiome in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:417-425. [PMID: 38640403 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00003.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence abounds that gut microbiome components are associated with sex disparities in the immune system. However, it remains unclear whether the observed sex disparity in asthma incidence is associated with sex-dependent differences in immune-modulating gut microbiota, and/or its influence on allergic airway inflammatory processes. Using a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic inflammation and the four core genotypes (FCGs) model, we have previously reported sex differences in lung inflammatory phenotypes. Here, we investigated associations of gut microbiomes with these phenotypes by challenging FCG mice [mouse with female sex chromosome and male gonad (XXM), mouse with female sex chromosome and female gonad (XXF), mouse with male sex chromosome and male gonad (XYM), and mouse with male sex chromosome and female gonad (XYF); n = 7/group] with HDM (25 μg) or PBS intranasally for 5 wk and collecting fecal samples. We extracted fecal DNA and analyzed the 16S microbiome via Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing. We compared α and β diversity across genotypes and assessed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. When comparing baseline and after exposure for the FCG, we found that the gut F/B ratio was only increased in the XXM genotype. We also found that α diversity was significantly increased in all FCG mice upon HDM challenge, with the highest increase in the XXF, and the lowest in the XXM genotypes. Similarly, β diversity of the microbial community was also affected by challenge in a gonad- and chromosome-dependent manner. In summary, our results indicated that HDM treatment, gonads, and sex chromosomes significantly influence the gut microbial community composition. We concluded that allergic lung inflammation may be affected by the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent manner involving both hormonal and genetic influences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recently, the gut microbiome and its role in chronic respiratory disease have been the subject of extensive research and the establishment of its involvement in immune functions. Using the FCG mouse model, our findings revealed the influence of gonads and sex chromosomes on the microbial community structure before and after exposure to HDM. Our data provide a potential new avenue to better understand mediators of sex disparities associated with allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Rachel Alford
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Erik Parker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Biostatistics Consulting Center, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Friaza V, Rojas P, de la Horra C, García E, Morilla R, Pavón A, de Armas Y, Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Salsoso R, Medrano FJ, Calderón EJ. Fungal microbiota in newborn infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302027. [PMID: 38598489 PMCID: PMC11006121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumocytis jirovecii infection in preterm newborns has recently been associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Changes in the bacterial microbiota of the airways have also been described in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, until now there has been no information on the airway mycobiota in newborns. The purpose of this study was to describe the airway mycobiota in term and preterm newborns and its possible association with respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS Twenty-six matched preterm newborns with and without respiratory distress syndrome were studied, as well as 13 term babies. The identification of the fungal microbiota was carried out using molecular procedures in aspirated nasal samples at birth. RESULTS The ascomycota phylum was identified in 89.7% of newborns, while the basidiomycota phylum was found in 33.3%. Cladosporium was the predominant genus in both term and preterm infants 38.4% vs. 73% without statistical differences. Candida sake and Pneumocystis jirovecii were only found in preterm infants, suggesting a potential relationship with the risk of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to describe the fungal microbiota of the airways in term and preterm infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. Although no differences have been observed, the number of cases analyzed could be small to obtain conclusive results, and more studies are needed to understand the role of the fungal microbiota of the airways in neonatal respiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Friaza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Rojas
- Neonatology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Children’s Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen de la Horra
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Elisa García
- Neonatology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Children’s Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Rubén Morilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Enfermería, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pavón
- Neonatology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Children’s Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Yaxsier de Armas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Diagnostic, Hospital Center of Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana, Cuba
- Pathology Department, Hospital Center of Institute of Tropical Medicine ʺPedro Kouríʺ, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio J. Vallejo-Vaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Medrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Calderón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Kaur J, Sharma A, Passi G, Dey P, Khajuria A, Alajangi HK, Jaiswal PK, Barnwal RP, Singh G. Nanomedicine at the Pulmonary Frontier: Immune-Centric Approaches for Respiratory Disease Treatment. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:295-347. [PMID: 38206610 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2298398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases (RD) are a group of common ailments with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, posing a significant threat to humanity, especially the elderly population, and imposing a substantial burden on society and the economy. RD represents an unmet medical need that requires the development of viable pharmacotherapies. While various promising strategies have been devised to advance potential treatments for RD, their implementation has been hindered by difficulties in drug delivery, particularly in critically ill patients. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions for delivering medications to the inflamed organ sites, such as the lungs. Although this approach is enticing, delivering nanomedicine to the lungs presents complex challenges that require sophisticated techniques. In this context, we review the potential of novel nanomedicine-based immunomodulatory strategies that could offer therapeutic benefits in managing this pressing health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gautam Passi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Piyush Dey
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhil Khajuria
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hema Kumari Alajangi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Gurpal Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Shen X, Yang Z, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhu Q, Liu Z, Patel N, Liu X, Mo X. Lactobacillus plantarum L168 improves hyperoxia-induced pulmonary inflammation and hypoalveolarization in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38553470 PMCID: PMC10980738 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gut microbiota can affect chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, through abnormal immune and inflammatory responses. Previous studies have shown a feasible connection between gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. However, whether BPD can be ameliorated by restoring the gut microbiota remains unclear. In preterm infants with BPD, we found variance in the diversity and structure of gut microbiota. Similarly, BPD rats showed gut dysbiosis, characterized by a deficiency of Lactobacillus, which was abundant in normal rats. We therefore explored the effect and potential mechanism of action of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum L168, in improving BPD. The BPD rats were treated with L. plantarum L168 by gavage for 2 weeks, and the effect was evaluated by lung histopathology, lung function, and serum inflammatory markers. Subsequently, we observed reduced lung injury and improved lung development in BPD rats exposed to L. plantarum L168. Further evaluation revealed that L. plantarum L168 improved intestinal permeability in BPD rats. Serum metabolomics showed altered inflammation-associated metabolites following L. plantarum L168 intervention, notably a marked increase in anti-inflammatory metabolites. In agreement with the metabolites analysis, RNA-seq analysis of the intestine and lung showed that inflammation and immune-related genes were down-regulated. Based on the information from RNA-seq, we validated that L. plantarum L168 might improve BPD relating to down-regulation of TLR4 /NF-κB /CCL4 pathway. Together, our findings suggest the potential of L. plantarum L168 to provide probiotic-based therapeutic strategies for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaocong Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Colombo SFG, Nava C, Castoldi F, Fabiano V, Meneghin F, Lista G, Cavigioli F. Preterm Infants' Airway Microbiome: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence. Nutrients 2024; 16:465. [PMID: 38398790 PMCID: PMC10891673 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to investigate and synthesize existing evidence on the airway microbiome of preterm infants to outline the prognostic and therapeutic significance of these microbiomes within the preterm population and identify gaps in current knowledge, proposing avenues for future research. We performed a scoping review of the literature following the Arskey and O'Malley framework. In accordance with our inclusion criteria and the intended purpose of this scoping review, we identified a total of 21 articles. The investigation of the airway microbiome in preterm infants has revealed new insights into its unique characteristics, highlighting distinct dynamics when compared to term infants. Perinatal factors, such as the mode of delivery, chorioamnionitis, the respiratory support, and antibiotic treatment, could impact the composition of the airway microbiome. The 'gut-lung axis', examining the link between the lung and gut microbiome as well as modifications in respiratory microbiome across different sites and over time, has also been explored. Furthermore, correlations between the airway microbiome and adverse outcomes, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), have been established. Additional research in neonatal care is essential to understand the early colonization of infants' airways and explore methods for its optimization. The critical opportunity to shape long-term health through microbiome-mediated effects likely lies within the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Fatima Giuseppina Colombo
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (S.F.G.C.); (C.N.)
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Chiara Nava
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (S.F.G.C.); (C.N.)
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (S.F.G.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Fabio Meneghin
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Gianluca Lista
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Cavigioli
- Division of Neonatology, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (F.M.); (G.L.)
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6
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Köstlin-Gille N, Serna-Higuita LM, Bubser C, Arand J, Haag L, Schwarz CE, Heideking M, Poets CF, Gille C. Early initiation of antibiotic therapy and short-term outcomes in preterm infants: a single-centre retrospective cohort analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:623-630. [PMID: 37137680 PMCID: PMC10646875 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is one of the most important complications in preterm infants. For this reason, many such infants receive antibiotics during their hospital stay. However, early antibiotic therapy has also been associated with adverse outcome. It is yet largely unclear if the time of onset of antibiotic therapy influences the outcome. We here investigated whether the timing of initiation of antibiotic therapy plays a role in the association between antibiotic exposure and short-term outcome. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from 1762 very low birthweight infants born in a German neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2004 and December 2021. RESULTS Antibiotics were administered to 1214 of the 1762 (68.9%) infants. In 973 (55.2%) of the 1762 of infants, antibiotic therapy was initiated within the first two postnatal days. Only 548 (31.1%) infants did not have any antibiotic prescription during their stay in the NICU. Antibiotic exposure at every timepoint was associated with an increased risk of all short-term outcomes analysed in univariable analyses. In multivariable analyses, initiation of antibiotic therapy within the first two postnatal days and initiation between postnatal days 3 and 6 was independently associated with an increased risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (OR 3.1 and 2.8), while later initiation of antibiotic therapy was not. CONCLUSION Very early initiation of antibiotic therapy was associated with an increased risk of BPD. Due to the study design, no conclusions on causality can be drawn. If confirmed, our data suggest that an improved identification of infants at low risk of early-onset sepsis is needed to reduce antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Maria Serna-Higuita
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caren Bubser
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Joerg Arand
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Laura Haag
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Heideking
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Christian F Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
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Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH, Kordiak J, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Pastuszak-Lewandoska D. Respiratory Tract Oncobiome in Lung Carcinogenesis: Where Are We Now? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4935. [PMID: 37894302 PMCID: PMC10605430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microbiota in developing and treating diseases, including lung cancer (LC), is becoming increasingly recognized. Studies have shown differences in microorganism populations in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals, indicating a link between dysbiosis and lung cancer. However, it is not only important to identify "which bacteria are present" but also to understand "how" they affect lung carcinogenesis. The interactions between the host and lung microbiota are complex, and our knowledge of this relationship is limited. This review presents research findings on the bacterial lung microbiota and discusses the mechanisms by which lung-dwelling microorganisms may directly or indirectly contribute to the development of lung cancer. These mechanisms include influences on the host immune system regulation and the local immune microenvironment, the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells (causing cell cycle disorders, mutagenesis, and DNA damage), and lastly, the MAMPs-mediated path involving the effects of bacteriocins, TLRs signaling induction, and TNF release. A better understanding of lung microbiota's role in lung tumor pathology could lead to identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and developing personalized therapeutic management for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Kordiak
- Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska
- Department of Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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Cui TX, Brady AE, Zhang YJ, Anderson C, Popova AP. IL-17a-producing γδT cells and NKG2D signaling mediate bacterial endotoxin-induced neonatal lung injury: implications for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156842. [PMID: 37744375 PMCID: PMC10514485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in preterm birth survivors characterized by inflammation, impaired alveolarization and dysmorphic vasculature. Activated IL-17A+ lymphocytes are key drivers of inflammation in preterm infants. We have shown that in immature mice chronic airway exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces pulmonary inflammation, increased IL-17a expression, and hypoalveolarization, a BPD-like phenotype. The source of IL-17a and contribution to lung pathology is unknown. The natural-killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor mediates activation and IL-17a production in γδ T cells by binding to stress molecules. LPS induces NKG2D ligand expression, including Rae-1 and MULT1. We hypothesized that IL-17a+ γδ T cells and NKG2D signaling mediate neonatal LPS-induced lung injury. Immature C57BL/6J (wild type), Nkg2d-/- or Tcrd-/- (lacking γδ T cells) mice were inoculated with 3ug/10ul of LPS from E. coli O26:B6 or 10ul of PBS intranasally on day of life 3, 5, 7, and 10. Selected mice were treated with neutralizing antibodies against IL-17a, or NKG2D intraperitoneally. Lung immune cells were assessed by flow cytometry and gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. Alveolar growth was assessed by lung morphometry. We established that anti-IL-17a antibody treatment attenuated LPS-induced hypoalveolarization. We found that LPS induced the fraction of IL-17a+NKG2D+ γδ T cells, a major source of IL-17a in the neonatal lung. LPS also induced lung mRNA expression of NKG2D, Rae-1, MULT1, and the DNA damage regulator p53. Anti-NKG2D treatment attenuated the effect of LPS on γδ T cell IL-17a expression, immune cell infiltration and hypoalveolarization. LPS-induced hypoalveolarization was also attenuated in Nkg2d-/- and Tcrd-/- mice. In tracheal aspirates of preterm infants IL-17A and its upstream regulator IL-23 were higher in infants who later developed BPD. Also, human ligands of NKG2D, MICA and MICB were present in the aspirates and MICA correlated with median FiO2. Our novel findings demonstrate a central role for activated IL-17a+ γδ T cells and NKG2D signaling in neonatal LPS-induced lung injury. Future studies will determine the role of NKG2D ligands and effectors, other NKG2D+ cells in early-life endotoxin-induced lung injury and inflammation with a long-term goal to understand how inflammation contributes to BPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonia P. Popova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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9
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Shen D, Wang K, Fathi MA, Li Y, Win-Shwe TT, Li C. A succession of pulmonary microbiota in broilers during the growth cycle. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102884. [PMID: 37423015 PMCID: PMC10466298 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory health problems in poultry production are frequent and knotty and thus attract the attention of farmers and researchers. The breakthrough of gene sequencing technology has revealed that healthy lungs harbor rich microbiota, whose succession and homeostasis are closely related to lung health status, suggesting a new idea to explore the mechanism of lung injury in broilers with pulmonary microbiota as the entry point. This study aimed to investigate the succession of pulmonary microbiota in healthy broilers during the growth cycle. Fixed and molecular samples were collected from the lungs of healthy broilers at 1, 3, 14, 21, 28, and 42 d of age. Lung tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the changes in the composition and diversity of pulmonary microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that lung index peaked at 3 d, then decreased with age. No significant change was observed in the α diversity of pulmonary microbiota, while the β diversity changed regularly with age during the broilers' growth cycle. The relative abundance of dominant bacteria of Firmicutes and their subordinate Lactobacillus increased with age, while the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased with age. The correlation analysis between the abundance of differential bacteria and predicted function showed that dominant bacteria of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus were significantly correlated with most functional abundance, indicating that they may involve in lung functional development and physiological activities of broilers. Collectively, these findings suggest that the lung has been colonized with abundant microbiota in broilers when they were just hatched, and their composition changed regularly with day age. The dominant bacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Lactobacillus, play crucial roles in lung function development and physiological activities. It paves the way for further research on the mechanism of pulmonary microbiota-mediated lung injury in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Fathi
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Yansen Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tin-Tin Win-Shwe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Imanishi Y, Hirata K, Nozaki M, Mochizuki N, Hirano S, Wada K. The Association between Early Gram-Negative Bacteria in Tracheal Aspirate Cultures and Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia among Extremely Preterm Infants Requiring Prolonged Ventilation. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1321-1327. [PMID: 34359078 PMCID: PMC10457154 DOI: 10.1055/a-1580-3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) development at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) and Gram-negative bacteria in tracheal aspirate cultures among extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN This study has a retrospective cohort. Patients were 155 infants aged less than or equal to 26 gestational weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital from 2009 to 2018. Primary outcome was respiratory outcomes expressed as BPD development.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify neonatal and bacterial factors associated with BPD. RESULTS After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, sex, chorioamnionitis, Gram-positive cocci (GPC) and Gram-negative rods (GNRs) in tracheal aspirate cultures within 28 days after birth, GNRs were significantly associated with BPD development (odds ratio [OR]: 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68-8.94). In contrast, GPCs were not associated with BPD development (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.05-1.61). CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria in tracheal cultures within 28 days of birth are associated with BPD development in infants aged less than or equal to 26 gestational weeks. KEY POINTS · BPD is a factor for morbidity in extremely preterm infants.. · Respiratory infection is an adverse outcome of BPD.. · GNRs in tracheal cultures soon after birth disturb BPD development.. · GPC was not associated with BPD development..
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Imanishi
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirata
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nozaki
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narutaka Mochizuki
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirano
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Wada
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Blutt SE, Coarfa C, Neu J, Pammi M. Multiomic Investigations into Lung Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2116. [PMID: 37630676 PMCID: PMC10459661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the lung account for more than 5 million deaths worldwide and are a healthcare burden. Improving clinical outcomes, including mortality and quality of life, involves a holistic understanding of the disease, which can be provided by the integration of lung multi-omics data. An enhanced understanding of comprehensive multiomic datasets provides opportunities to leverage those datasets to inform the treatment and prevention of lung diseases by classifying severity, prognostication, and discovery of biomarkers. The main objective of this review is to summarize the use of multiomics investigations in lung disease, including multiomics integration and the use of machine learning computational methods. This review also discusses lung disease models, including animal models, organoids, and single-cell lines, to study multiomics in lung health and disease. We provide examples of lung diseases where multi-omics investigations have provided deeper insight into etiopathogenesis and have resulted in improved preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Mohan Pammi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Yao J, Ai T, Zhang L, Tang W, Chen Z, Huang Y, Fan Y. Bacterial Colonization in the Airways and Intestines of Twin and Singleton Preterm Neonates: A Single-Center Study. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:2973605. [PMID: 37560084 PMCID: PMC10409585 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2973605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited studies have investigated the microbial colonization of the airways and intestines in preterm neonates. We studied the composition of intestinal and airway bacterial colonies in several preterm twin pairs and singletons to explore the dominant bacteria, assess their variability, and predict their phenotypic and metabolic functions. In this descriptive study, we collected sputum and fetal stool specimens from 10 twin pairs (20 cases) and 20 singleton preterm neonates. These specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA deep sequencing to study the alpha and beta diversities and community structures of airway and intestinal bacteria and predict their metabolic functions. Specimens from twins and singleton neonates had distinct aggregations of intestinal and airway bacteria but showed similarities and high microbial diversities during initial colonization. The top five phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria. The top ten genera were Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, Ralstonia, Staphylococcus, Comamonas, Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Dechlorosoma, Sphingopyxis, and Rothia. Potentially pathogenic and highly stress-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria were predominant in the intestinal flora. A considerable proportion of colonies recovered from the airway and intestines of preterm neonates were functional bacteria. The richness of the intestinal and airway flora was not significantly different between twins and singletons, and the flora clustered together. Both intestinal and airway bacteria of twins and singletons were similar. The species involved in initial colonization were similar but different in proportions; therefore, changes in microbial structure and richness may not be attributed to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yao
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Ai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijin Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuedong Huang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Chen CM, Yang YCSH, Chou HC, Lin S. Intranasal administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by modulating gut microbiota in neonatal mice. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:57. [PMID: 37517995 PMCID: PMC10388480 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplemental oxygen impairs lung development in newborn infants with respiratory distress. Lactobacillus johnsonii supplementation attenuates respiratory viral infection in mice and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the protective effects of intranasal administration of L. johnsonii on lung development in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. METHODS Neonatal C57BL/6N mice were reared in either room air (RA) or hyperoxia condition (85% O2). From postnatal days 0 to 6, they were administered intranasal 10 μL L. johnsonii at a dose of 1 × 105 colony-forming units. Control mice received an equal volume of normal saline (NS). We evaluated the following four study groups: RA + NS, RA + probiotic, O2 + NS, and O2 + probiotic. On postnatal day 7, lung and intestinal microbiota were sampled from the left lung and lower gastrointestinal tract, respectively. The right lung of each mouse was harvested for Western blot, cytokine, and histology analyses. RESULTS The O2 + NS group exhibited significantly lower body weight and vascular density and significantly higher mean linear intercept (MLI) and lung cytokine levels compared with the RA + NS and RA + probiotic groups. At the genus level of the gut microbiota, the O2 + NS group exhibited significantly higher Staphylococcus and Enterobacter abundance and significantly lower Lactobacillus abundance compared with the RA + NS and RA + probiotic groups. Intranasal L. johnsonii treatment increased the vascular density, decreased the MLI and cytokine levels, and restored the gut microbiota in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal administration of L. johnsonii protects against hyperoxia-induced lung injury and modulates the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan Lin
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan, Taiwan
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14
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Rosenboom I, Pust MM, Pirr S, Bakker A, Willers M, Davenport CF, Wiehlmann L, Viemann D, Tümmler B. Longitudinal development of the airway metagenome of preterm very low birth weight infants during the first two years of life. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:75. [PMID: 37474785 PMCID: PMC10359316 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is accompanied with many complications and requires severe therapeutic regimens at the neonatal intensive care unit. The influence of the above-mentioned factors on the premature-born infants' respiratory metagenome or more generally its maturation is unknown. We therefore applied shotgun metagenome sequencing of oropharyngeal swabs to analyze the airway metagenome development of 24 preterm infants from one week postpartum to 15 months of age. Beta diversity analysis revealed a distinct clustering of airway microbial communities from hospitalized preterms and samples after hospital discharge. At nine and 15 months of age, the preterm infants lost their hospital-acquired individual metagenome signatures towards a common taxonomic structure. However, ecological network analysis and Random Forest classification of cross-sectional data revealed that by this age the preterm infants did not succeed in establishing the uniform and stable bacterial community structures that are characteristic for healthy full-term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rosenboom
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie-Madlen Pust
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Pirr
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alina Bakker
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Willers
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Colin F Davenport
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Wiehlmann
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Infection Research, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Vidal MS, Menon R. In utero priming of fetal immune activation: Myths and mechanisms. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103922. [PMID: 36913842 PMCID: PMC10205680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of fetal immune system development in utero remain incompletely elucidated. Protective immunity, the arm of reproductive immunology concerned with the progressive education of the fetal immune system as pregnancy advances, allows for programming of the immune system and immune maturation in utero and provides a responsive system to respond to rapid microbial and other antigenic exposure ex utero. Challenges in studying fetal tissues, immune system development, and the contributions of various endogenous and exogenous factors to this process are difficult to study as a progressive sampling of fetal biological samples is impractical during pregnancy, and animal models are limited. This review provides a summary of mechanisms of protective immunity and how it has been shaped, from transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins, cytokines, metabolites, as well as antigenic microchimeric cells to perhaps more controversial notions of materno-fetal transfer of bacteria that subsequently organize into microbiomes within the fetal tissues. This review will also provide a quick overview of future direction in the area of research on fetal immune system development and discusses methods to visualize fetal immune populations and determine fetal immune functions, as well as a quick look into appropriate models for studying fetal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Philippines
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston TX, USA.
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16
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Mižíková I, Thébaud B. Perinatal origins of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-deciphering normal and impaired lung development cell by cell. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 37072570 PMCID: PMC10113423 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease occurring as a consequence of premature birth, as well as antenatal and postnatal injury to the developing lung. BPD morbidity and severity depend on a complex interplay between prenatal and postnatal inflammation, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy as well as associated prematurity-related complications. These initial hits result in ill-explored aberrant immune and reparative response, activation of pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic factors, which further perpetuate the injury. Histologically, the disease presents primarily by impaired lung development and an arrest in lung microvascular maturation. Consequently, BPD leads to respiratory complications beyond the neonatal period and may result in premature aging of the lung. While the numerous prenatal and postnatal stimuli contributing to BPD pathogenesis are relatively well known, the specific cell populations driving the injury, as well as underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Recently, an effort to gain a more detailed insight into the cellular composition of the developing lung and its progenitor populations has unfold. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding perinatal origin of BPD and discuss underlying mechanisms, as well as novel approaches to study the perturbed lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mižíková
- Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - B Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Freeman AE, Willis KA, Qiao L, Abdelgawad AS, Halloran B, Rezonzew G, Nizami Z, Wenger N, Gaggar A, Ambalavanan N, Tipple TE, Lal CV. Microbial-induced Redox Imbalance in the Neonatal Lung Is Ameliorated by Live Biotherapeutics. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:267-278. [PMID: 36287630 PMCID: PMC9989473 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0508oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common lung disease of premature infants. Hyperoxia exposure and microbial dysbiosis are contributors to BPD development. However, the mechanisms linking pulmonary microbial dysbiosis to worsening lung injury are unknown. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates oxidative stress responses and modulates hyperoxia-induced lung injury. We hypothesized that airway dysbiosis would attenuate Nrf2-dependent antioxidant function, resulting in a more severe phenotype of BPD. Here, we show that preterm infants with a Gammaproteobacteria-predominant dysbiosis have increased endotoxin in tracheal aspirates, and mice monocolonized with the representative Gammaproteobacteria Escherichia coli show increased tissue damage compared with germ-free (GF) control mice. Furthermore, we show Nrf2-deficient mice have worse lung structure and function after exposure to hyperoxia when the airway microbiome is augmented with E. coli. To confirm the disease-initiating potential of airway dysbiosis, we developed a novel humanized mouse model by colonizing GF mice with tracheal aspirates from human infants with or without severe BPD, producing gnotobiotic mice with BPD-associated and non-BPD-associated lung microbiomes. After hyperoxia exposure, BPD-associated mice demonstrated a more severe BPD phenotype and increased expression of Nrf2-regulated genes, compared with GF and non-BPD-associated mice. Furthermore, augmenting Nrf2-mediated antioxidant activity by supporting colonization with Lactobacillus species improved dysbiotic-augmented lung injury. Our results demonstrate that a lack of protective pulmonary microbiome signature attenuates an Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, which is augmented by a respiratory probiotic blend. We anticipate antioxidant pathways will be major targets of future microbiome-based therapeutics for respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luhua Qiao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | | | - Trent E. Tipple
- Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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18
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Peterson LS, Scheible K. Leveraging Microbial Symbiosis to Modulate Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:235-236. [PMID: 36346615 PMCID: PMC9989482 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0415ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristin Scheible
- Department of Pediatrics Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York
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19
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Valverde-Molina J, García-Marcos L. Microbiome and Asthma: Microbial Dysbiosis and the Origins, Phenotypes, Persistence, and Severity of Asthma. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030486. [PMID: 36771193 PMCID: PMC9921812 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome, and of the gut-lung axis in the origin and persistence of asthma, is an ongoing field of investigation. The process of microbial colonisation in the first three years of life is fundamental for health, with the first hundred days of life being critical. Different factors are associated with early microbial dysbiosis, such as caesarean delivery, artificial lactation and antibiotic therapy, among others. Longitudinal cohort studies on gut and airway microbiome in children have found an association between microbial dysbiosis and asthma at later ages of life. A low α-diversity and relative abundance of certain commensal gut bacterial genera in the first year of life are associated with the development of asthma. Gut microbial dysbiosis, with a lower abundance of Phylum Firmicutes, could be related with increased risk of asthma. Upper airway microbial dysbiosis, especially early colonisation by Moraxella spp., is associated with recurrent viral infections and the development of asthma. Moreover, the bacteria in the respiratory system produce metabolites that may modify the inception of asthma and is progression. The role of the lung microbiome in asthma development has yet to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the most consistent finding in studies on lung microbiome is the increased bacterial load and the predominance of proteobacteria, especially Haemophilus spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. In this review we shall update the knowledge on the association between microbial dysbiosis and the origins of asthma, as well as its persistence, phenotypes, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Valverde-Molina
- Department of Paediatrics, Santa Lucía General University Hospital, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children’s Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB Biomedical Research Institute, 20120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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20
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Marathe SJ, Snider MA, Flores-Torres AS, Dubin PJ, Samarasinghe AE. Human matters in asthma: Considering the microbiome in pulmonary health. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020133. [PMID: 36532717 PMCID: PMC9755222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities form an important symbiotic ecosystem within humans and have direct effects on health and well-being. Numerous exogenous factors including airborne triggers, diet, and drugs impact these established, but fragile communities across the human lifespan. Crosstalk between the mucosal microbiota and the immune system as well as the gut-lung axis have direct correlations to immune bias that may promote chronic diseases like asthma. Asthma initiation and pathogenesis are multifaceted and complex with input from genetic, epigenetic, and environmental components. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of the airway microbiome in asthma, and how the environment, diet and therapeutics impact this low biomass community of microorganisms. We also focus this review on the pediatric and Black populations as high-risk groups requiring special attention, emphasizing that the whole patient must be considered during treatment. Although new culture-independent techniques have been developed and are more accessible to researchers, the exact contribution the airway microbiome makes in asthma pathogenesis is not well understood. Understanding how the airway microbiome, as a living entity in the respiratory tract, participates in lung immunity during the development and progression of asthma may lead to critical new treatments for asthma, including population-targeted interventions, or even more effective administration of currently available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh J. Marathe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mark A. Snider
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Patricia J. Dubin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Memphis, TN, United States
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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21
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Bonadies L, Moschino L, Valerio E, Giordano G, Manzoni P, Baraldi E. Early Biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Quick Look to the State of the Art. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:S26-S30. [PMID: 36470296 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common pulmonary sequelae of extreme preterm birth, with long-lasting respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. A reliable predictive tool of BPD development is urgent and its search remains one of the major challenges for neonatologists approaching the upcoming arrival of possible new preventive therapies. Biomarkers, identifying an ongoing pathogenetic pathway, could allow both the selection of preterm infants with an evolving disease and potentially the therapeutic targets of the indicted pathogenesis. The "omic" sciences represent well-known promising tools for this objective. In this review, we resume the current laboratoristic, metabolomic, proteomic, and microbiomic evidence in the prediction of BPD. KEY POINTS: · The early prediction of BPD development would allow the targeted implementation of new preventive therapies.. · BPD is a multifactorial disease consequently it is unlikely to find a single disease biomarker.. · "Omic" sciences offer a promising insight in BPD pathogenesis and its development's fingerprints..
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonadies
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Moschino
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Valerio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital "Degli Infermi," Ponderano, Italy.,Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin School of Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Institute of Pediatric Research "Città della Speranza," Padova, Italy.,Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomic Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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22
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El Saie A, Fu C, Grimm SL, Robertson MJ, Hoffman K, Putluri V, Ambati CSR, Putluri N, Shivanna B, Coarfa C, Pammi M. Metabolome and microbiome multi-omics integration from a murine lung inflammation model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1580-1589. [PMID: 35338351 PMCID: PMC9509498 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract microbial dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation and conversely inflammation may cause dysbiosis. Dysbiotic microbiome metabolites may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Hyperoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interaction alters lung microbiome and metabolome, mediating BPD lung injury sequence. METHODS C57BL6/J mice were exposed to 21% (normoxia) or 70% (hyperoxia) oxygen during postnatal days (PND) 1-14. Pups were injected with LPS (6 mg/kg) or equal PBS volume, intraperitoneally on PND 3, 5, and 7. At PND14, the lungs were collected for microbiome and metabolomic analyses (n = 5/group). RESULTS Microbiome alpha and beta diversity were similar between groups. Metabolic changes included hyperoxia 31 up/18 down, LPS 7 up/4 down, exposure interaction 8. Hyperoxia increased Intestinimonas abundance, whereas LPS decreased Clostridiales, Dorea, and Intestinimonas; exposure interaction affected Blautia. Differential co-expression analysis on multi-omics data identified exposure-altered modules. Hyperoxia metabolomics response was integrated with a published matching transcriptome, identifying four induced genes (ALDOA, GAA, NEU1, RENBP), which positively correlated with BPD severity in a published human newborn cohort. CONCLUSIONS We report hyperoxia and LPS lung microbiome and metabolome signatures in a clinically relevant BPD model. We identified four genes correlating with BPD status in preterm infants that are promising targets for therapy and prevention. IMPACT Using multi-omics, we identified and correlated key biomarkers of hyperoxia and LPS on murine lung micro-landscape and examined their potential clinical implication, which shows strong clinical relevance for future research. Using a double-hit model of clinical relevance to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, we are the first to report integrated metabolomic/microbiome landscape changes and identify novel disease biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Saie
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Chenlian Fu
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sandra L. Grimm
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristi Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mohan Pammi
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
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23
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Khan FH, Bhat BA, Sheikh BA, Tariq L, Padmanabhan R, Verma JP, Shukla AC, Dowlati A, Abbas A. Microbiome dysbiosis and epigenetic modulations in lung cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:732-742. [PMID: 34273520 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining healthy lung function, including host immune homeostasis. Lung microbial dysbiosis or disruption of the gut-lung axis can contribute to lung carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage, inducing genomic instability, or altering the host's susceptibility to carcinogenic insults. Thus far, most studies have reported the association of microbial composition in lung cancer. Mechanistic studies describing host-microbe interactions in promoting lung carcinogenesis are limited. Considering cancer as a multifaceted disease where epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role, epigenetic modifying potentials of microbial metabolites and toxins and their roles in lung tumorigenesis are not well studied. The current review explains microbial dysbiosis and epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer and potential therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Haider Khan
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Lubna Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Roshan Padmanabhan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India
| | | | - Afshin Dowlati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA
| | - Ata Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Developmental Therapeutics Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44116, USA.
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24
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Wenger NM, Qiao L, Nicola T, Nizami Z, Xu X, Willis KA, Ambalavanan N, Gaggar A, Lal CV. Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112136. [PMID: 36363728 PMCID: PMC9699185 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lung disease through the gut-lung axis. Abundant proteobacteria increase MMP-9 and contribute to tissue proteolysis followed by neutrophil recruitment, lung tissue injury, and perpetuation of chronic lung disease. We sought to determine if a scientifically formulated probiotic and herbal supplement could attenuate neutrophilic inflammation and improve lung structure and function in models of lung inflammation. Methods: For in vitro experiments, epithelial cells exposed to proteobacteria were treated with resB—a blend of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains and turmeric, holy basil, and vasaka herbal extracts. For in vivo experimentation, mice exposed to pulmonary proteobacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide were treated by gavage with resB. Results: In vitro, the bacterial and herbal components of resB decreased activity of the MMP-9 pathway. Mice exposed to LPS and pre- and post-treated with resB had decreased neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and lung tissue compared to untreated mice. Conclusions: This study describes the mechanisms and efficacy of probiotic and herbal blend in pre-clinical models of lung injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luhua Qiao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Teodora Nicola
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zoha Nizami
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kent A. Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Charitharth Vivek Lal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-667-295-7372
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25
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Cheema Z, Kwinta P, Moreira A, Tovar M, Mustafa SB. Big Data for Tiny Patients: A Precision Medicine Approach to Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Pediatr Ann 2022; 51:e396-e404. [PMID: 36215088 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20220803-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease of extreme prematurity. Despite more than 50 years of research, current treatments are ineffective, and clinicians are largely unable to accurately predict which neonates the condition will develop in. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the characteristic arrest in lung development are warranted. Integrating high-fidelity technology from precision medicine approaches may fill this gap and provide the tools necessary to identify biomarkers and targetable pathways. In this review, we describe insights garnered from current studies using omics for BPD prediction and stratification. We conclude by describing novel programs that will integrate multi-omics in efforts to better understand and treat the pathogenesis of BPD. [Pediatr Ann. 2022;51(10):e396-e404.].
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26
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Stricker S, Hain T, Chao CM, Rudloff S. Respiratory and Intestinal Microbiota in Pediatric Lung Diseases-Current Evidence of the Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126791. [PMID: 35743234 PMCID: PMC9224356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is known to influence local immune homeostasis in the gut and to shape the developing immune system towards elimination of pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens. Even though the lung was considered sterile for a long time, recent evidence using next-generation sequencing techniques confirmed that the lower airways possess their own local microbiota. Since then, there has been growing evidence that the local respiratory and intestinal microbiota play a role in acute and chronic pediatric lung diseases. The concept of the so-called gut–lung axis describing the mutual influence of local microbiota on distal immune mechanisms was established. The mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota modulates the systemic immune response include the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and signaling through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and segmented filamentous bacteria. Those factors influence the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by immune cells and further modulate differentiation and recruitment of T cells to the lung. This article does not only aim at reviewing recent mechanistic evidence from animal studies regarding the gut–lung axis, but also summarizes current knowledge from observational studies and human trials investigating the role of the respiratory and intestinal microbiota and their modulation by pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in pediatric lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-985-56617
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Department of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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27
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The nasal microbiome of predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7727. [PMID: 35546156 PMCID: PMC9095869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of prematurity and may cause substantial long-term disabilities. To characterize and compare the nasal swabs microbiome of early stage in premature infants and determine whether microbial diversity or composition in the nostrils associated with BPD disease. We performed a prospective observational cohort design. Preterm neonates less than or equal to 30 weeks of gestation were recruited from NICU, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from 2019 to 2020. Sterile foam swabs were collected from anterior nares at 1 and 3 weeks of postnatal age. We used PCR amplification and 16S rDNA sequencing. Neonatal demographic data including gestational age, birth weight, medication administration history and discharge outcomes were recorded. A total of 49 nasal swab samples were collected from 28 premature infants. Thirteen infants with BPD and 15 controls were finally involved in the study. Birth weights ranged from 700 to 1550 g. Gestational age ranged from 252/7 to 30. We found increased in the expression of Prevotella and decreased of Caulobacter in BPD group at both times. Prevotella and Caulobacter were correlated with the severity of BPD (Spearman r = 0.551, r = − 0.545; P = 0.00005, 0.00006; respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under characteristic curve of Caulobacter model at first week reached 0.821 and Prevotella model at third week was 0.796. Moreover, microbial functional prediction analysis revealed that ABC-type transports were distinctively changed in BPD group. In summary, the use of non-invasive nasal swabs of microbiome to explore the pathophysiology in BPD is a compelling method worthy continuing to expand and research.
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28
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Zhang L, Ai T, Xie C, Xia W, Zhang Y, Liao H, Jia L, Fan Y, Xu J. Lower airway microbiome of children with recurrent wheezing: a clinical cohort study. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:696-705. [PMID: 35685081 PMCID: PMC9173878 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheezing is one of the most common respiratory symptoms in childhood especially in infants. In recent years, the incidence of recurrent wheezing is on the rise worldwide. To investigate the lower airway microbiota in patients with recurrent wheezing and provide insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS This study initially enrolled 45 hospitalised children with recurrent wheezing symptoms awaiting complete fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Of these, 13 children with tracheobronchomalacia were excluded. The final population included 32 participants (group A). The control group comprised 23 children who inhaled a foreign body and were admitted to the hospital for fiberoptic bronchoscopy within 24 hours (group B). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and amplified for the 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) gene, and sequencing of the microbiome was performed using the Illumina Nova Seq 6000 system. RESULTS There were significant differences in the gestational duration (P=0.0458), mode of delivery (P=0.0261), and allergy status (P=0.0000) between groups A and B, but they had similar richness (P=0.8574). There was also a marked difference in the diversity of flora composition between the two groups (P=0.0095). The three most common phyla of microbiota in the two groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Species with notably different phyla included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota. There was a significant enrichment in the of Proteobacteria and lower levels of Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota in group A compared to that in group B. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes occur in the lower airway microbiota during recurrent wheezing in children. The discovery of beneficial airway bacteria may facilitate the prevention and treatment of recurrent wheezing or asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Ai
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanmin Xia
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huling Liao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangqin Jia
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinghong Fan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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29
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Yagi K, Asai N, Huffnagle GB, Lukacs NW, Fonseca W. Early-Life Lung and Gut Microbiota Development and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877771. [PMID: 35444639 PMCID: PMC9013880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several environmental factors can influence the development and establishment of the early-life microbiota. For example, exposure to different environmental factors from birth to childhood will shape the lung and gut microbiota and the development of the immune system, which will impact respiratory tract infection and widespread disease occurrence during infancy and later in life. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects most infants by the age of two and is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in children worldwide. Approximately a third of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis develop asthma later in life. However, it is unclear what factors increase susceptibility to severe RSV-bronchiolitis and the subsequent asthma development. In recent years, the role of the gut and lung microbiota in airway diseases has received increased interest, and more studies have focused on this field. Different epidemiological studies and experimental animal models have associated early-life gut microbiota dysbiosis with an increased risk of lung disease later in life. This work will review published evidence that correlated environmental factors that affect the early-life microbiota composition and their role in developing severe RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Yagi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Gary B Huffnagle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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30
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Gilfillan M, Bhandari V. Moving Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Research from the Bedside to the Bench. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L804-L821. [PMID: 35437999 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00452.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in the respiratory management of extremely preterm infants have led to improvements in survival, this progress has not yet extended to a reduction in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a complex multifactorial condition that primarily occurs due to disturbances in the regulation of normal pulmonary airspace and vascular development. Preterm birth and exposure to invasive mechanical ventilation also compromises large airway development, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Although both predisposing and protective genetic and environmental factors have been frequently described in the clinical literature, these findings have had limited impact on the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This gap is likely because the molecular pathways that underlie these observations are yet not fully understood, limiting the ability of researchers to identify novel treatments that can preserve normal lung development and/or enhance cellular repair mechanisms. In this review article, we will outline various well-established clinical observations whilst identifying key knowledge gaps that need to be filled with carefully designed pre-clinical experiments. We will address these issues by discussing controversial topics in the pathophysiology, the pathology and the treatment of BPD, including an evaluation of existing animal models that have been used to answer important questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gilfillan
- Division of Neonatology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children/Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Neonatology, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper/Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ
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31
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Cui TX, Brady AE, Zhang YJ, Fulton CT, Popova AP. Gelsolin Attenuates Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Inflammatory Responses to Rhinovirus Infection and Preserves Alveolarization. Front Immunol 2022; 13:792716. [PMID: 35173718 PMCID: PMC8842948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.792716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) increase the risk of asthma later in life. Supplemental oxygen therapy is a risk factor for chronic respiratory symptoms in infants with BPD. Hyperoxia induces cell injury and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Cytoskeletal filamentous actin (F-actin) is a DAMP which binds Clec9a, a C-type lectin selectively expressed on CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). Co-stimulation of Clec9a and TLR3 induces maximal proinflammatory responses. We have shown that neonatal hyperoxia (a model of BPD) increases lung IL-12+Clec9a+CD103+ DCs, pro-inflammatory responses and airway hyperreactivity following rhinovirus (RV) infection. CD103+ DCs and Clec9a are required for these responses. Hyperoxia increases F-actin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We hypothesized that the F-actin severing protein gelsolin attenuates neonatal hyperoxia-induced Clec9a+CD103+ DC-dependent pro-inflammatory responses to RV and preserves alveolarization. We exposed neonatal mice to hyperoxia and treated them with gelsolin intranasally. Subsequently we inoculated the mice with RV intranasally. Alternatively, we inoculated normoxic neonatal mice with BALF from hyperoxia-exposed mice (hyperoxic BALF), RV and gelsolin. We analyzed lung gene expression two days after RV infection. For in vitro studies, lung CD11c+ cells were isolated from C57BL/6J or Clec9agfp-/- mice and incubated with hyperoxic BALF and RV. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. In neonatal mice, gelsolin blocked hyperoxia-induced Il12p40, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA and protein expression in response to RV infection. Similar effects were observed when gelsolin was co-administered with hyperoxic BALF and RV. Gelsolin decreased F-actin levels in hyperoxic BALF in vitro and inhibited hyperoxia-induced D103lo DC expansion and inflammation in vivo. Gelsolin also attenuated hyperoxia-induced hypoalveolarization. Further, incubation of lung CD11c+ cells from WT and Clec9agfp-/- mice with hyperoxic BALF and RV, showed Clec9a is required for maximal hyperoxic BALF and RV induced IL-12 expression in CD103+ DCs. Finally, in tracheal aspirates from mechanically ventilated human preterm infants the F-actin to gelsolin ratio positively correlates with FiO2, and gelsolin levels decrease during the first two weeks of mechanical ventilation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a promising role for gelsolin, administered by inhalation into the airway to treat RV-induced exacerbations of BPD and prevent chronic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy X. Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexander E. Brady
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ying-Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christina T. Fulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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32
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Tirone C, Paladini A, De Maio F, Tersigni C, D'Ippolito S, Di Simone N, Monzo FR, Santarelli G, Bianco DM, Tana M, Lio A, Menzella N, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Lanzone A, Scambia G, Vento G. The Relationship Between Maternal and Neonatal Microbiota in Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Pilot Study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:909962. [PMID: 35935374 PMCID: PMC9353181 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.909962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The newborn's microbiota composition at birth seems to be influenced by maternal microbiota. Maternal vaginal microbiota can be a determining factor of spontaneous Preterm Birth (SPPTB), the leading cause of perinatal mortality. The aim of the study is to investigate the likelihood of a causal relationship between the maternal vaginal microbiota composition and neonatal lung and intestinal microbiota profile at birth, in cases of SPPTB. The association between the lung and/or meconium microbiota with the subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was also investigated. Maternal vaginal swabs, newborns' bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (1st, 3rd, 7th day of life) and first meconium samples were collected from 20 women and 23 preterm newborns with gestational age ≤ 30 weeks (12 = SPPTB; 11 = Medically Indicated Preterm Birth-MIPTB). All the samples were analyzed for culture examination and for microbiota profiling using metagenomic analysis based on the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. No significant differences in alpha e beta diversity were found between the neonatal BALF samples of SPPTB group and the MIPTB group. The vaginal microbiota of mothers with SPPTB showed a significant difference in alpha diversity with a decrease in Lactobacillus and an increase in Proteobacteria abundance. No association was found between BALF and meconium microbiota with the development of BPD. Vaginal colonization by Ureaplasma bacteria was associated with increased risk of both SPPTB and newborns' BPD occurrence. In conclusion, an increase in α-diversity values and a consequent fall in Lactobacillus in vaginal environment could be associated to a higher risk of SPPTB. We could identify neither a specific neonatal lung or meconium microbiota profiles in preterm infants born by SPPTB nor a microbiota at birth suggestive of subsequent BPD development. Although a strict match has not been revealed between microbiota of SPPTB mother-infant couples, a relationship cannot be excluded. To figure out the reciprocal influence of the maternal-neonatal microbiota and its potential role in the pathogenesis of SPPTB and BPD further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tirone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Paladini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio De Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Ippolito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Monzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Santarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Mercedes Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Tana
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Menzella
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanitá Pubblica, Universitȧ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanitá Pubblica, Universitȧ Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, U.O.C. di Neonatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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33
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Xu Q, Yu J, Liu D, Tan Q, He Y. The Airway Microbiome and Metabolome in Preterm Infants: Potential Biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:862157. [PMID: 35620149 PMCID: PMC9127389 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.862157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the genomic and metabolic characteristics of the airway microbiome in mild, moderate, severe, and non-bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) preterm infants and explored possible mechanisms underlying BPD. METHODS Twenty-eight preterm infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks and intubated within 24 h after birth were enrolled. According to the severity of BPD, the patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe BPD groups, and the non-BPD group was the control group. Tracheal aspirates (TA) were obtained at intubation and on day 7 after birth. The bacterium in the aspirates were sequenced by 16S rRNA, and the metabolomics of the aspirates were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The correlation between the differential metabolite and differential bacteria was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient corrected for gestational age and birth weight and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. RESULTS There were significant differences in the diversity and composition of airway microbiome and metabolome between severe, moderate and mild BPD and non-BPD premature infants. At birth (day 1), the difference was more pronounced than at day 7. The diversity of airway microbial community decreased, the abundance of Stenotrophomonas increased, and the increased level of sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine was positively correlated with the severity of BPD. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of Stenotrophomonas and the level of sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine. CONCLUSION Decreased diversity of the airway microbiome, increased abundance of Stenotrophomonas, and increased level of sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine may have potential as biomarkers for BPD. The occurrence and severity of BPD are closely related to Stenotrophomonas, which may influence the composition of the lower airway microbiome through its metabolite sn-glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine, and may be the triggering factor of the disease. The causal relationship needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Xiang L, Meng X. Emerging cellular and molecular interactions between the lung microbiota and lung diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:577-610. [PMID: 34693852 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1992345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the lung microbiota, its study in both pulmonary health and disease has become a vibrant area of emerging research interest. Thus far, most studies have described the lung microbiota composition in lung disease quite well, and some of these studies indicated alterations in lung microbial communities related to the onset and development of lung disease and vice versa. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the cellular and molecular links, are still largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the lung microbiome interacts with immune homeostasis and pulmonary disease pathogenesis to advance our understanding of the elaborate function of the lung microbiota in lung disease. We hope that this work can attract more attention to this still-young yet very promising field to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and provide more innovative therapies. Additional accurate standard-based methodologies and technological breakthroughs are critical to propel the field forward to ultimately achieve the goal of maintaining respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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35
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Abstract
The recently recognized connection between the gut microbiota and pulmonary disease has been termed the gut-lung axis. However, broader connections link the gut and the lungs and these organ systems are tightly interrelated in both homeostasis and disease. This concept is often ignored in the compartmentalized treatment of pulmonary or gastrointestinal disease. In newborns, the most severe gastrointestinal complication of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, and the most severe pulmonary complication, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, both produce significant systemic morbidity. In this review, we highlight the often neglected pathophysiology of the gut-lung axis contributes to increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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36
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Wassenaar TM, Juncos VA, Zimmermann K. Interactions between the Gut Microbiome, Lung Conditions, and Coronary Heart Disease and How Probiotics Affect These. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189700. [PMID: 34575864 PMCID: PMC8472021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a healthy microbiome cannot be overemphasized. Disturbances in its composition can lead to a variety of symptoms that can extend to other organs. Likewise, acute or chronic conditions in other organs can affect the composition and physiology of the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss interorgan communication along the gut–lung axis, as well as interactions between lung and coronary heart diseases and between cardiovascular disease and the gut microbiome. This triangle of organs, which also affects the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infections, is connected by means of numerous receptors and effectors, including immune cells and immune-modulating factors such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and trimethlamine–N–oxide (TMAO). The gut microbiome plays an important role in each of these, thus affecting the health of the lungs and the heart, and this interplay occurs in both directions. The gut microbiome can be influenced by the oral uptake of probiotics. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for interorgan communication, we can start to define what requirements an ‘ideal’ probiotic should have and its role in this triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy M. Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstrasse 7, 55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina A. Juncos
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72209, USA;
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37
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Lack of utility of tracheal aspirates in the management of suspected pneumonia in intubated neonates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021; 41:660-665. [PMID: 32209148 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the utility of tracheal aspirates in suspected pneumonia in intubated neonates and to measure the burden of antibiotic use associated with a positive tracheal aspirate culture. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study between January 2016 and December 2017. SETTING A level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). PATIENTS Intubated patients with a tracheal aspirate culture. METHODS Data on temporally associated clinical measures of illness, laboratory and radiographic testing, and clinical demographic information were analyzed. RESULTS Positive tracheal aspirate cultures were associated with lower birth weight and a normal immature to total neutrophil ratio (I/T ratio). Positive tracheal aspirates were not significantly associated with clinical, laboratory, or radiographic markers used in clinical practice to screen for infection. Despite the lack of positive clinical associations, a positive tracheal aspirate culture was associated with increased risk of prolonged antibiotic exposure. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that positive tracheal aspirates do not always represent clinical infection and may result in unnecessary antibiotic exposure.
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38
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Yang K, He S, Dong W. Gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:2460-2470. [PMID: 34077996 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a relatively common and severe complication of prematurity, and its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis techniques, together with the growing sophistication of the gut-lung axis hypothesis, have resulted in more studies linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The present article builds on current findings to examine the intrinsic associations between gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may insult the intestinal barrier, triggering inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and malnutrition, consequences of which might impact bronchopulmonary dysplasia by altering the gut-lung axis. By evaluating the potential mechanisms, new therapeutic targets and potential therapeutic modalities for bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be identified from a microecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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39
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Rossi GA, Ballarini S, Silvestri M, Sacco O, Colin AA. Respiratory syncytial virus and airway microbiota - A complex interplay and its reflection on morbidity. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1141-1151. [PMID: 33896042 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunopathology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection varies considerably, severe disease occurring only in a minority of the affected children. The variability of the clinical presentation is in part explained by viral and environmental factors but, in infants and young children, disease severity is certainly linked to the physiologic immaturity of the innate and adaptive immune system. There is evidence that the maturation of the host immune response is positively influenced by the composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiome that, promoting an efficient reaction, can counteract the predisposition to develop viral respiratory infections and lower the risk of disease severity. However, interaction between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and respiratory viruses can be bidirectional since microbial dysbiosis may also represent a reflection of the disease-induced alterations of the local milieu. Moreover, viruses like RSV can also increase the virulence of potential pathogens in nasopharynx, a main reservoir of bacteria, and therefore promote their spread to the lower airways causing superinfection. Moreover, if negative changes in microbial community composition in early life may constitute a heightened risk toward severe RSV respiratory infection, on the contrary specific groups of microorganisms seem to be associated with protection. A better understanding into the potential negative and positive role of the different nasopharyngeal bacterial species on RSV infection may improve primary prevention and possibly care of this highly contagious disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Rossi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Unit, Giannina Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Ballarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Immunometabolism, Immunogenetics and Translational Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Silvestri
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Unit, Giannina Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Oliviero Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Unit, Giannina Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrew A Colin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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40
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Dodi G, Attanasi M, Di Filippo P, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F. Virome in the Lungs: The Role of Anelloviruses in Childhood Respiratory Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071357. [PMID: 34201449 PMCID: PMC8307813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More recently, increasing attention has been directed to exploring the function of the global virome in health and disease. Currently, by new molecular techniques, such as metagenomic DNA sequencing, the virome has been better unveiled. By investigating the human lung virome, we could provide novel insights into respiratory diseases. The virome, as a part of the microbiome, is characterized by a constant change in composition related to the type of diet, environment, and our genetic code, and other incalculable factors. The virome plays a substantial role in modulating human immune defenses and contributing to the inflammatory processes. Anelloviruses (AVs) are new components of the virome. AVs are already present during early life and reproduce without apparently causing harm to the host. The role of AVs is still unknown, but several reports have shown that AVs could activate the inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein oligomers of the innate immune system, which show a crucial role in the host defense to several pathogens. In this narrative revision, we summarize the epidemiological data related to the possible link between microbial alterations and chronic respiratory diseases in children. Briefly, we also describe the characteristics of the most frequent viral family present in the lung virome, Anelloviridae. Furthermore, we discuss how AVs could modulate the immune system in children, affecting the development of chronic respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, the most common chronic inflammatory disease in childhood.
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41
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The microbiome in atopic patients and potential modifications in the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:245-251. [PMID: 33769313 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Data regarding the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on host-microbiome alteration and subsequent effects on susceptibility and clinical course of COVID-19, especially in atopic patients, are currently limited. Here, we review the studies regarding the microbiome of atopic patients with other respiratory infections and discuss the potential role of probiotics as therapeutic targets for COVID-19 to decrease its susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS Respiratory tract virus infection affects the gut and airway microbiome structures and host's immune function. Diverse factors in atopic diseases affect the airway and gut microbiome structures, which are expected to negatively influence host health. However, response to respiratory virus infection in atopic hosts depends on the preexisting microbiome and immune responses. This may explain the inconclusiveness of the effects of COVID-19 on the susceptibility, morbidity, and mortality of patients with atopic diseases. Beneficial probiotics may be a therapeutic adjuvant in COVID-19 infection as the beneficial microbiome can decrease the viral load in the early phase of respiratory virus infection and improve the morbidity and mortality. SUMMARY Application of probiotics can be a potential adjuvant treatment in respiratory virus infection to improve host immune responses and disturbed microbiome structures in atopic patients. Further related studies involving COVID-19 are warranted in near future.
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42
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Alamri A. Diversity of Microbial Signatures in Asthmatic Airways. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1367-1378. [PMID: 33889017 PMCID: PMC8057789 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s304339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the respiratory system. The global incidence of asthma is rising. Clinical and experimental models of asthma clearly indicate that the disease is multifactorial in nature with a wide array of factors contributing to progression and exacerbation, including interactions between immunological markers and the microbial community populating the respiratory tract. In particular, strict hygiene compliance during the early years of life and early exposure to antibiotics are linked to alterations in the biological environment within the airways and to changes in immunological markers, leading to allergies, such as asthma. With the gap in current research knowledge on the various non-bacterial microbial communities in the asthmatic airways, this review summarizes current methods used to assess microbial diversity as well as evidence for the link between microbial alterations and asthma, including changes in the bacterial microbiome, often characterized by the outgrowth of certain bacterial phyla such as proteobacteria and Firmicutes, in addition to disrupted mycobiome, virome, and parasitome. The current review emphasizes the dynamic, context-dependent changes in the microbiome in asthma and the importance of broad-scope analyses, covering a wide range of taxa. In conclusion, the interaction between the resident microbiota and the immune system is essential and significant in modulating the inflammatory responses; however, further investigations are needed to improve our understanding of the risk factors that disrupt the diversity of the microbiome in the different body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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43
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Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Blood cultures and blood microbiota analysis as surrogates for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:129. [PMID: 33757515 PMCID: PMC7988943 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of canine bacterial pneumonia relies on airway lavage to confirm septic, suppurative inflammation, and a positive bacterial culture. Considering risks of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collection, minimally invasive methods like culture or next generation sequencing of blood would be appealing. In dogs with bacterial pneumonia, our study aims included (1): determining proportion of agreement between cultivable bacteria in BALF and blood (2); characterizing BALF, blood, and oropharyngeal (OP) microbiota and determining if bacteria cultured from BALF were present in these communities; and (3) comparing relatedness of microbial community composition at all three sites. Bacterial cultures were performed on BALF and blood. After DNA extraction of BALF, blood and OP, 16S rRNA amplicon libraries were generated, sequenced, and compared to a bacterial gene sequence database. Results Disregarding one false positive, blood cultures were positive in 2/9 dogs (5 total isolates), all 5 isolates were present in BALF cultures (16 total isolates). Based on sequencing data, all sites had rich and diverse microbial communities. Comparing cultured BALF bacterial genera with sequenced taxa, all dogs had ≥1 cultured isolate present in their microbiota: cultured BALF isolates were found in microbiota of BALF (12/16), blood (7/16), and OP (6/11; only 7 dogs had OP swabs). Of 394 distinct taxa detected in BALF, these were present in 75% OP and 45% blood samples. BALF community composition was significantly different than OP (p = 0.0059) and blood (p = 0.0009). Conclusions Blood cultures are insensitive but specific for cultured BALF bacteria in canine bacterial pneumonia. Cultivable BALF bacteria were present in BALF, blood and OP microbiota to differing degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Vientós-Plotts
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - A C Ericsson
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - H Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - C R Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. .,Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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44
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Chen D, Gao ZQ, Wang YY, Wan BB, Liu G, Chen JL, Wu YX, Zhou Q, Jiang SY, Yu RQ, Pang QF. Sodium Propionate Enhances Nrf2-Mediated Protective Defense Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neonatal Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:803-816. [PMID: 33732006 PMCID: PMC7957230 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s303105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar arrest and the impaired angiogenesis caused by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two main factors in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate, possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was designed to examine the roles of sodium propionate (SP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged BPD and its potential mechanisms. Methods WT, Nrf2-/- mice and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were used in this study. LPS was performed to mimic BPD model both in vivo and vitro. Lung histopathology, inflammation and oxidative stress-related mRNA expressions in lungs involved in BPD pathogenesis were investigated. In addition, cell viability and angiogenesis were also tested. Results The increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and decreased Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1) expressions were observed after SP treatment in the LPS-induced neonatal mouse model of BPD. In LPS-induced wild-type but not Nrf2-/- neonatal mice, SP reduced pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress and exhibited obvious pathological alterations of the alveoli. Moreover, in LPS-evoked HPMECs, SP accelerated Nrf2 nuclear translocation presented and exhibited cytoprotective and pro-angiogenesis effects. In addition, SP diminished the LPS-induced inflammatory response by blocking the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Moreover, pretreatment with ML385, an Nrf2 specific inhibitor, offsets the beneficial effects of SP on inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis in LPS-evoked HPMECs. Conclusion SP protects against LPS-induced lung alveolar simplification and abnormal angiogenesis in neonatal mice and HPMECs in an Nrf2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qi Gao
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Wan
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Liang Chen
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xian Wu
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Yu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Qiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Pang
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Porto BN, Moraes TJ. The triad: respiratory microbiome - virus - immune response in the pathophysiology of pulmonary viral infections. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:635-648. [PMID: 33605840 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1893168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The longstanding dogma that the healthy lung is sterile has been refuted by recent advances in culture-independent analyses of airway samples. The respiratory microbiome comprises all airway and lung tissue-associated microbes. These micro-organisms occur throughout the upper and lower respiratory tracts, with different populations and distinct burdens at specific sites and can be classified as pathogenic or commensal. AREAS COVERED The majority of studies investigating the respiratory microbiome have focused on bacteria; however, emerging evidence has revealed the composition of the lung virome, the global viral communities present in the lung tissue. In this review, we searched PubMed and used keywords such as airway microbiome. We restricted outputs to English language and did not limit by any dates. We summarize the up-to-date knowledge on how the microbiome interacts with the host immune system and influences the pathogenesis of pulmonary viral infections. EXPERT OPINION The relationship between colonizing microbes and the host is complex and various factors need to be considered in order to appreciate its pathophysiological consequences. Understanding these intricate mechanisms of interaction among the respiratory microbiome, viruses and the immune response may lead to the development of better therapies to treat or prevent respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara N Porto
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Coscia A, Bardanzellu F, Caboni E, Fanos V, Peroni DG. When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020148. [PMID: 33669262 PMCID: PMC7920069 DOI: 10.3390/life11020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.C.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Caboni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.C.); (V.F.)
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
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Cardiorespiratory performance capacity and airway microbiome in patients following primary repair of esophageal atresia. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:66-73. [PMID: 33159185 PMCID: PMC8370877 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients following repair of an esophageal atresia (EA) or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) carry an increased risk of long-term cardiopulmonary malaise. The role of the airway microbiome in EA/TEF patients remains unclear. METHODS All EA/TEF patients treated between 1980 and 2010 were invited to a prospective clinical examination, spirometry, and spiroergometry. The airway microbiome was determined from deep induced sputum by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The results were compared to a healthy age- and sex-matched control group. RESULTS Nineteen EA/TEF patients with a mean age of 24.7 ± 7 years and 19 age- and sex-matched controls were included. EA/TEF patients showed a significantly lower muscle mass, lower maximum vital capacity (VCmax), and higher rates of restrictive ventilation disorders. Spiroergometry revealed a significantly lower relative performance capacity and lower peak VO2 in EA/TEF patients. Alpha- and beta-diversity of the airway microbiome did not differ significantly between the two groups. Linear discriminant effect size analysis revealed significantly enriched species of Prevotella_uncultured, Streptococcus_anginosus, Prevotella_7_Prevotella_enoeca, and Mogibacterium_timidum. CONCLUSION EA/TEF patients frequently suffer from restrictive ventilation disorders and impaired cardiopulmonary function associated with minor alterations of the airway microbiome. Long-term examinations of EA/TEF patients seem to be necessary in order to detect impaired cardiopulmonary function. IMPACT The key messages of the present study are a significantly decreased VCmax and exercise performance, as well as airway microbiome differences in EA/TEF patients. This study is the first to present parameters of lung function and exercise performance in combination with airway microbiome analysis with a mean follow-up of 24 years in EA/TEF patients. Prospective, long-term studies are needed to unravel possible interactions between alterations of the airway microbiome and impaired pulmonary function in EA/TEF patients.
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Toldi G, Hummler H, Pillay T. T Lymphocytes, Multi-Omic Interactions and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:694034. [PMID: 34169050 PMCID: PMC8217456 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.694034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant clinical challenge in neonatal medicine. BPD is clearly a multifactorial disease with numerous antenatal and postnatal components influencing lung development. Extremely immature infants are born in the late canalicular or early saccular stage and usually receive intensive care until the early alveolar stage of lung development, resulting in varying magnitudes of impairment of alveolar septation, lung fibrosis, and abnormal vascular development. The interactions between T lymphocytes, the genome and the epigenome, the microbiome and the metabolome, as well as nutrition and therapeutic interventions such as the exposure to oxygen, volutrauma, antibiotics, corticosteroids, caffeine and omeprazole, play an important role in pathogenesis and disease progression. While our general understanding of these interactions thanks to basic research is improving, this knowledge is yet to be translated into comprehensive prevention and clinical management strategies for the benefit of preterm infants developing BPD and later during infancy and childhood suffering from the disease itself and its sequelae. In this review, we summarise existing evidence on the interplay between T lymphocytes, lung multi-omics and currently used therapeutic interventions in BPD, and highlight avenues for potential future immunology related research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Toldi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helmut Hummler
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thillagavathie Pillay
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Neonatology, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Foundation Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.,College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Sun T, Yu H, Fu J. Respiratory Tract Microecology and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:762545. [PMID: 34966701 PMCID: PMC8711720 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.762545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe respiratory complication in preterm infants. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of BPD are complex and remain to be clarified, recent studies have reported a certain correlation between the microecological environment of the respiratory tract and BPD. Changes in respiratory tract microecology, such as abnormal microbial diversity and altered evolutional patterns, are observed prior to the development of BPD in premature infants. Therefore, research on the colonization and evolution of neonatal respiratory tract microecology and its relationship with BPD is expected to provide new ideas for its prevention and treatment. In this paper, we review microecological changes in the respiratory tract and the mechanisms by which they can lead to BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gentle SJ, Ahmed KA, Yi N, Morrow CD, Ambalavanan N, Lal CV, Patel RP. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with reduced oral nitrate reductase activity in extremely preterm infants. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101782. [PMID: 33166868 PMCID: PMC7658701 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome mediated nitrate reductase (NR) activity regulates nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and signaling. While deficits in NO-bioavailability impact several morbidities of extreme prematurity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), whether oral NR activity is associated with morbidities of prematurity is not known. We characterized NR activity in extremely preterm infants from birth until 34 weeks' post menstrual age (PMA), determined whether changes in the oral microbiome contribute to changes in NR activity, and determined whether changes in NR activity correlated with disease. In this single center prospective cohort study (n = 28), we observed two surprising findings: (1) NR activity unexpectedly peaked at 29 weeks' PMA (p < 0.05) and (2) when infants were stratified for BPD status, infants who developed BPD had significantly less NR activity at 29 weeks' PMA compared to infants who did not develop BPD. Oral microbiota and NR activity may play a role in BPD development in extremely preterm infants, indicating potential for disease prediction and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Gentle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Khandaker A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Charitharth V Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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