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Shao S, Zou Y, Kennedy KG, Dimick MK, Andreazza AC, Young LT, Goncalves VF, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Pilot study of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in relation to brain structure in youth bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38874862 PMCID: PMC11178693 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-024-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). Higher circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA), generally reflecting poorer mitochondrial health, has been associated with greater symptoms severity in BD. The current study examines the association of serum ccf-mtDNA and brain structure in relation to youth BD. We hypothesized that higher ccf-mtDNA will be associated with measures of lower brain structure, particularly in the BD group. METHODS Participants included 40 youth (BD, n = 19; Control group [CG], n = 21; aged 13-20 years). Serum ccf-mtDNA levels were assayed. T1-weighted brain images were acquired using 3T-MRI. Region of interest (ROI) analyses examined prefrontal cortex (PFC) and whole brain gray matter, alongside exploratory vertex-wise analyses. Analyses examined ccf-mtDNA main-effects and ccf-mtDNA-by-diagnosis interaction effects controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume. RESULTS There was no significant difference in ccf-mtDNA levels between BD and CG. In ROI analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC surface area (SA) (β = 0.32 p < 0.001) and PFC volume (β = 0.32 p = 0.002) in the overall sample. In stratified analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC SA within both subgroups (BD: β = 0.39 p = 0.02; CG: β = 0.24 p = 0.045). Higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher PFC volume within the BD group (β = 0.39 p = 0.046). In vertex-wise analyses, higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher SA and volume in frontal clusters within the overall sample and within the BD group. There were significant ccf-mtDNA-by-diagnosis interactions in three frontal and parietal clusters, whereby higher ccf-mtDNA was associated with higher neurostructural metrics in the BD group but lower neurostructural metrics in CG. CONCLUSIONS Contrasting our hypothesis, higher ccf-mtDNA was consistently associated with higher, rather than lower, regional neuralstructural metrics among youth with BD. While this finding may reflect a compensatory mechanism, future repeated-measures prospective studies evaluating the inter-relationship among ccf-mtDNA, mood, and brain structure across developmental epochs and illness stages are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Shao
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yi Zou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kody G Kennedy
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Trevor Young
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa F Goncalves
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shan MA, Ishtiaq W, Kanwal S, Khan MU, Iftikhar A, Khan S. Cell-free DNA as a potential diagnostic biomarker in academic stress: A case-control study in young adults. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103933. [PMID: 38304540 PMCID: PMC10831250 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stress is a pervasive issue in modern life, affecting both physical and mental health. Identifying biomarkers like cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could provide insights into stress response and help detect individuals at risk for stress-related disorders. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the potential use of cfDNA as a diagnostic biomarker in individuals experiencing stress. Methodology A case-control analysis was conducted using convenient sampling on university participants (N = 285 cases, N = 500 controls) aged 18-24. The study assessed haematological and lipid profile parameters using the Sysmex XP-300TM automated analyzer and an automated biochemistry analyzer, and cfDNA was extracted using a standardized in house developed Phenol-Chloroform protocol and estimated using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and Nanodrop. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 21.0. Results The results indicated a significant difference between stressed individuals and healthy controls in demographic, haematological and biochemical parameters. Specifically, stressed cases had significantly higher levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, VLDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL compared to healthy controls. Stressed cases also showed significantly elevated levels of circulating cfDNA relative to healthy controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that cfDNA may have potential as a diagnostic biomarker for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Warda Ishtiaq
- Center for Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Kanwal
- Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umer Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Iftikhar
- Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ciubuc-Batcu MT, Stapelberg NJC, Headrick JP, Renshaw GMC. A mitochondrial nexus in major depressive disorder: Integration with the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166920. [PMID: 37913835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system processes, including cognition and affective state, fundamentally rely on mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial function is evident in major depressive disorder (MDD), reflecting cumulative detrimental influences of both extrinsic and intrinsic stressors, genetic predisposition, and mutation. Glucocorticoid 'stress' pathways converge on mitochondria; oxidative and nitrosative stresses in MDD are largely mitochondrial in origin; both initiate cascades promoting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage with disruptions to mitochondrial biogenesis and tryptophan catabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates proinflammatory dysbiosis while directly triggering immuno-inflammatory activation via released mtDNA, mitochondrial lipids and mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), further disrupting mitochondrial function and mitochondrial quality control, promoting the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria (confirmed in autopsy studies). Established and putative mechanisms highlight a mitochondrial nexus within the psycho-immune neuroendocrine (PINE) network implicated in MDD. Whether lowering neuronal resilience and thresholds for disease, or linking mechanistic nodes within the MDD pathogenic network, impaired mitochondrial function emerges as an important risk, a functional biomarker, providing a therapeutic target in MDD. Several treatment modalities have been demonstrated to reset mitochondrial function, which could benefit those with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ciubuc-Batcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - N J C Stapelberg
- Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - J P Headrick
- Griffith University School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Australia
| | - G M C Renshaw
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Australia.
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4
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Blalock ZN, Wu GWY, Lindqvist D, Trumpff C, Flory JD, Lin J, Reus VI, Rampersaud R, Hammamieh R, Gautam A, Doyle FJ, Marmar CR, Jett M, Yehuda R, Wolkowitz OM, Mellon SH. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity in a cohort of male veterans with and without combat-related PTSD. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:22. [PMID: 38200001 PMCID: PMC10781666 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a biomarker of cellular injury or cellular stress and is a potential novel biomarker of psychological stress and of various brain, somatic, and psychiatric disorders. No studies have yet analyzed ccf-mtDNA levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), despite evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this condition. In the current study, we compared plasma ccf-mtDNA levels in combat trauma-exposed male veterans with PTSD (n = 111) with those who did not develop PTSD (n = 121) and also investigated the relationship between ccf mt-DNA levels and glucocorticoid sensitivity. In unadjusted analyses, ccf-mtDNA levels did not differ significantly between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups (t = 1.312, p = 0.191, Cohen's d = 0.172). In a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with diabetes and those using antidepressant medication and controlling for age, the PTSD group had lower ccf-mtDNA levels than did the non-PTSD group (F(1, 179) = 5.971, p = 0.016, partial η2 = 0.033). Across the entire sample, ccf-mtDNA levels were negatively correlated with post-dexamethasone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decline (r = -0.171, p = 0.020) and cortisol decline (r = -0.149, p = 0.034) (viz., greater ACTH and cortisol suppression was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels) both with and without controlling for age, antidepressant status and diabetes status. Ccf-mtDNA levels were also significantly positively associated with IC50-DEX (the concentration of dexamethasone at which 50% of lysozyme activity is inhibited), a measure of lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity, after controlling for age, antidepressant status, and diabetes status (β = 0.142, p = 0.038), suggesting that increased lymphocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with lower ccf-mtDNA levels. Although no overall group differences were found in unadjusted analyses, excluding subjects with diabetes and those taking antidepressants, which may affect ccf-mtDNA levels, as well as controlling for age, revealed decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in PTSD. In both adjusted and unadjusted analyses, low ccf-mtDNA levels were associated with relatively increased glucocorticoid sensitivity, often reported in PTSD, suggesting a link between mitochondrial and glucocorticoid-related abnormalities in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N Blalock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gwyneth W Y Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Unit for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor I Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Rampersaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francis J Doyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Daniels TE, Zitkovsky EK, Laumann LE, Kunicki ZJ, Price DJ, Peterson AL, Dennery PA, Kao HT, Parade SH, Price LH, Abrantes AM, Tyrka AR. Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Depressive Symptoms Among Low-Active Adults Who Smoke. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:37-43. [PMID: 37769227 PMCID: PMC10843087 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) are observed to be altered in depression. However, the few studies that have measured cf-mtDNA in depression have reported conflicting findings. This study examined cf-mtDNA and depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. METHODS Participants were adults 18 to 65 years old ( N = 109; 76% female) with low baseline physical activity and depressive symptoms recruited for a smoking cessation study. Self-report measures assessed depression severity, positive and negative affect, and behavioral activation. Blood was collected and analyzed for cf-mtDNA. Relationships between depressive symptoms and cf-mtDNA were examined with correlations and linear regression. RESULTS Levels of cf-mtDNA were associated with categorically defined depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score >15), lower positive affect, and decreased behavioral activation ( p < .05). Relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and nicotine dependence. In a linear regression model including all depressive symptom measures as predictors, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale group and lower positive affect remained significant. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that mitochondrial changes are associated with depressive symptoms in low-active adults who smoke. Higher levels of cf-mtDNA in association with depression and with lower positive affect and decreased behavioral activation are consistent with a possible role for mitochondrial function in depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E. Daniels
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily K. Zitkovsky
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Laura E. Laumann
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Zachary J. Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Destiny J. Price
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Ana M. Abrantes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research Department, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience (STAR), Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Ceylan D, Karacicek B, Tufekci KU, Aksahin IC, Senol SH, Genc S. Mitochondrial DNA oxidation, methylation, and copy number alterations in major and bipolar depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1304660. [PMID: 38161720 PMCID: PMC10755902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mood disorders are common disabling psychiatric disorders caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modifications and epigenetics are promising areas of research in depression since mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with depression. In this study we aimed to investigate the mtDNA changes in depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Methods Displacement loop methylation (D-loop-met), relative mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) and mtDNA oxidation (mtDNA-oxi) were investigated in DNA samples of individuals with MDD (n = 34), BD (n = 23), and healthy controls (HC; n = 40) using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Blood samples were obtained from a subset of individuals with MDD (n = 15) during a depressive episode (baseline) and after remission (8th week). Results The study groups exhibited significant differences in D-loop-met (p = 0.020), while relative mtDNA-cn and mtDNA-oxi showed comparable results. During the remission phase (8th week), there were lower levels of relative mtDNA-cn (Z = -2.783, p = 0.005) and D-loop-met (Z = -3.180, p = 0.001) compared to the acute MDD baseline, with no significant change in mtDNA-oxi levels (Z = -1.193, p = 0.233). Conclusion Our findings indicate significantly increased D-loop methylation in MDD compared to BD and HCs, suggesting distinct mtDNA modifications in these conditions. Moreover, the observed alterations in relative mtDNA-cn and D-loop-met during remission suggest a potential role of mtDNA alterations in the pathophysiology of MDD. Future studies may provide valuable insights into the dynamics of mtDNA modifications in both disorders and their response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ceylan
- Affective Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bilge Karacicek
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Genç Lab, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Ugur Tufekci
- Brain and Neuroscience Research and Application Center, Izmir Demokrasi University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Vocational School of Health Services, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Izel Cemre Aksahin
- Affective Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sevin Hun Senol
- Department of Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sermin Genc
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Genç Lab, Izmir, Türkiye
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Li W, Zhu L, Chen Y, Zhuo Y, Wan S, Guo R. Association between mitochondrial DNA levels and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:866. [PMID: 37993802 PMCID: PMC10664364 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to disturbances in energy metabolism has emerged as one of the risk factors in the pathogenesis of depression. Numerous studies have identified alterations in the content of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with depression. Researchers have sought to establish a clear association between mtDNA and depression. Consequently, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the existing evidence regarding the impact of mtDNA on depression. METHODS This study conducted a thorough search of the following databases up to March 13, 2023: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Wanfang Database, SINOMED, the China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The meta-analysis was carried out using RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 16.0) software. In addition, publication bias was assessed with funnel plots, Begg's test and Egger's test. RESULTS Our analysis included data from 10 articles, including 12 studies for further examination. A total of 1400 participants were included in this study, comprising 709 (including 300 males and 409 females) patients with depression and 691 (including 303 males and 388 females) healthy controls. The average age of depressed patients was (42.98 ± 2.55) years, and the average age of healthy people was (41.71 ± 2.6) years. The scales used to assess outcomes are Hamilton-rating scale for Depression(4 articles), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(3 articles), and Mini-Internatioal Neuropsychiatric Interview (1 articles). The meta-analysis revealed significantly higher levels of mtDNA in circulating blood samples and skin fibroblasts of individuals with depression in comparison to healthy controls [standardized mean difference(SMD) = 0.42, 95% confidence intervals(CI): 0.16, 0.67]. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that there is a significant (p < 0.05) increase in mtDNA levels in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in individuals with depression. These findings suggest that mtDNA could serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing depression. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42023414285.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lingqun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yudi Zhuo
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shurun Wan
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
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Czarny P, Ziółkowska S, Kołodziej Ł, Watała C, Wigner-Jeziorska P, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Wachowska K, Gałecka M, Synowiec E, Gałecki P, Bijak M, Szemraj J, Śliwiński T. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Maintaining the Stability of Mitochondrial DNA Affect the Occurrence, Onset, Severity and Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14752. [PMID: 37834200 PMCID: PMC10573273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features of major depressive disorder (MDD, depression) is increased oxidative stress manifested by elevated levels of mtROS, a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction, which can arise from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Thus, the current study explores possibility that the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding the three enzymes that are thought to be implicated in the replication, repair or degradation of mtDNA, i.e., POLG, ENDOG and EXOG, have an impact on the occurrence, onset, severity and treatment of MDD. Five SNPs were selected: EXOG c.-188T > G (rs9838614), EXOG c.*627G > A (rs1065800), POLG c.-1370T > A (rs1054875), ENDOG c.-394T > C (rs2977998) and ENDOG c.-220C > T (rs2997922), while genotyping was performed on 538 DNA samples (277 cases and 261 controls) using TaqMan probes. All SNPs of EXOG and ENDOG modulated the risk of depression, but the strongest effect was observed for rs1065800, while rs9838614 and rs2977998 indicate that they might influence the severity of symptoms, and, to a lesser extent, treatment effectiveness. Although the SNP located in POLG did not affect occurrence of the disease, the result suggests that it may influence the onset and treatment outcome. These findings further support the hypothesis that mtDNA damage and impairment in its metabolism play a crucial role not only in the development, but also in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Sylwia Ziółkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Cezary Watała
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Paulina Wigner-Jeziorska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Katarzyna Wachowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-K.); (K.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland; (K.B.-K.); (K.W.); (P.G.)
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (S.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (Ł.K.)
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9
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Tripathi A, Bartosh A, Whitehead C, Pillai A. Activation of cell-free mtDNA-TLR9 signaling mediates chronic stress-induced social behavior deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3806-3815. [PMID: 37528226 PMCID: PMC10730412 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and social behavior deficits are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic stress, a major risk factor for depression and other mental health conditions is known to increase inflammatory responses and social behavior impairments. Disturbances in mitochondria function have been found in chronic stress conditions, however the mechanisms that link mitochondrial dysfunction to stress-induced social behavior deficits are not well understood. In this study, we found that chronic restraint stress (RS) induces significant increases in serum cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) levels in mice, and systemic Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) treatment attenuated RS-induced social behavioral deficits. Our findings revealed potential roles of mitophagy and Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) in mediating chronic stress-induced changes in cf-mtDNA levels and social behavior. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) attenuates mtDNA-induced social behavior deficits. Together, these findings show that cf-mtDNA-TLR9 signaling is critical in mediating stress-induced social behavior deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alona Bartosh
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl Whitehead
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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10
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Michelson J, Rausser S, Peng A, Yu T, Sturm G, Trumpff C, Kaufman BA, Rai AJ, Picard M. MitoQuicLy: A high-throughput method for quantifying cell-free DNA from human plasma, serum, and saliva. Mitochondrion 2023; 71:26-39. [PMID: 37172669 PMCID: PMC10524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is an emerging biomarker of psychobiological stress and disease which predicts mortality and is associated with various disease states. To evaluate the contribution of cf-mtDNA to health and disease states, standardized high-throughput procedures are needed to quantify cf-mtDNA in relevant biofluids. Here, we describe MitoQuicLy: Mitochondrial DNA Quantification in cell-free samples by Lysis. We demonstrate high agreement between MitoQuicLy and the commonly used column-based method, although MitoQuicLy is faster, cheaper, and requires a smaller input sample volume. Using 10 µL of input volume with MitoQuicLy, we quantify cf-mtDNA levels from three commonly used plasma tube types, two serum tube types, and saliva. We detect, as expected, significant inter-individual differences in cf-mtDNA across different biofluids. However, cf-mtDNA levels between concurrently collected plasma, serum, and saliva from the same individual differ on average by up to two orders of magnitude and are poorly correlated with one another, pointing to different cf-mtDNA biology or regulation between commonly used biofluids in clinical and research settings. Moreover, in a small sample of healthy women and men (n = 34), we show that blood and saliva cf-mtDNAs correlate with clinical biomarkers differently depending on the sample used. The biological divergences revealed between biofluids, together with the lysis-based, cost-effective, and scalable MitoQuicLy protocol for biofluid cf-mtDNA quantification, provide a foundation to examine the biological origin and significance of cf-mtDNA to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Temmie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and the Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alex J Rai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Verebi C, Nectoux J, Gorwood P, Le Strat Y, Duriez P, Ramoz N, Bienvenu T. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of circulating nucleic acids as biomarkers in psychiatry. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110770. [PMID: 37068545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorders account for 40% of the global burden of disease. In most psychiatric disorders, both diagnosis and monitoring can be challenging, frequently requiring long-term investigation and follow-up. The discovery of better methods to facilitate accurate and fast diagnosis and monitoring of psychiatric disorders is therefore crucial. Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) are among these new tools. CNAs (DNA or RNA) can be found circulating in body biofluids, and can be isolated from biological samples such as plasma. They can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognoses. They appear to be promising for disorders (such as psychiatric disorders) that involve organs or structures that are difficult to assess. This review presents an accurate assessment of the current literature about the use of plasma and serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as biomarkers for several aspects of psychiatric disorders: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and monitor disease progression. For each psychiatric disorder, we examine the effect sizes to give insights on the efficacy of CNAs as biomarkers. The global effect size for plasma nuclear and mitochondrial cfDNA studies was generally moderate for psychiatric disorders. In addition, we discuss future applications of CNAs and particularly cfDNA as non-invasive biomarkers for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Verebi
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, AP.HP.CUP, Paris, France; INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Nectoux
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, AP.HP.CUP, Paris, France
| | - Philip Gorwood
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME), Paris, France
| | - Yann Le Strat
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Colombes, France
| | - Philibert Duriez
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Hôpital Cochin, AP.HP.CUP, Paris, France; INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.
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12
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Ryan KM, Doody E, McLoughlin DM. Whole blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in depression and response to electroconvulsive therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110656. [PMID: 36216200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in various psychiatric conditions. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA, represents an attractive marker of mitochondrial health that is easily measured from stored DNA samples, and has been shown to be altered in depression. In this study, we measured mtDNAcn in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 100) compared to healthy controls (n = 89) and determined the relationship between mtDNAcn and depression severity and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also explored the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length and inflammatory markers. Our results show that mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from patients with depression when compared to control samples, and this result survived statistical adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.002). mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from subgroups of patients with non-psychotic or unipolar depression. There was no difference in mtDNAcn noted in subgroups of ECT remitters/non-remitters or responders/non-responders. Moreover, mtDNAcn was not associated with depression severity, telomere length, or circulating inflammatory marker concentrations. Overall, our results show that mtDNAcn is elevated in blood from patients with depression, though whether this translates to mitochondrial function is unknown. Further work is required to clarify the contribution of mitochondria and mtDNA to the pathophysiology of depression and the therapeutic response to antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimear Doody
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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13
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Ahmed M, Cerda I, Maloof M. Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1134865. [PMID: 36970267 PMCID: PMC10030736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness, or perceived social isolation, is a leading predictor of all-cause mortality and is increasingly considered a public health epidemic afflicting significant portions of the general population. Chronic loneliness is itself associated with two of the most pressing public health epidemics currently facing the globe: the rise of mental illness and metabolic health disorders. Here, we highlight the epidemiological associations between loneliness and mental and metabolic health disorders and argue that loneliness contributes to the etiology of these conditions by acting as a chronic stressor that leads to neuroendocrine dysregulation and downstream immunometabolic consequences that manifest in disease. Specifically, we describe how loneliness can lead to overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and ultimately cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in mental and metabolic disease. These conditions can, in turn, lead to further social isolation and propel a vicious cycle of chronic illness. Finally, we outline interventions and policy recommendations that can reduce loneliness at both the individual and community levels. Given its role in the etiology of the most prevalent chronic diseases of our time, focusing resources on alleviating loneliness is a vitally important and cost-effective public health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhal Ahmed
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Minhal Ahmed,
| | - Ivo Cerda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ivo Cerda,
| | - Molly Maloof
- Adamo Bioscience, Inc., Fernandina Beach, FL, United States
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14
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Alatalo A, de Sousa Maciel I, Kucháriková N, Chew S, van Kamp I, Foraster M, Julvez J, Kanninen KM. The Interaction between Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA and Inflammatory Cytokines in Predicting Human Mental Health Issue Risk in Adolescents: An Explorative Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030818. [PMID: 36979797 PMCID: PMC10045177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is often a challenging time in which psychiatric issues have a strong connection to mental health disorders later in life. The early identification of the problems can reduce the burden of disease. To date, the effective identification of adolescents at risk of developing mental health problems remains understudied. Altogether, the interaction between circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) and inflammatory cytokines in adolescents is insufficiently understood regarding experienced mental health difficulties. Our study selected the participants based on the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) score using the cut-off points of 3 and 18 for the low and the high score groups, respectively. The answers of the SDQ at the age of 12.2-15.7 years contributed to the investigation of (i) whether ccf-mtDNA units are associated with cytokines, and (ii) if an interaction model for predicting risk of mental health issues is observed. We discovered a sex-specific correlation between the screened markers associated with mental health problems in the low and high SDQ score groups among the male participants and in the low SDQ score group among the female participants. The mitochondrial MT-ND4 and MT-CO1 genes correlated significantly with interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) in males and with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in females. Due to the nature of the explorative study, the studied markers alone did not indicate statistical significance for the prediction of mental health problems. Our analysis provided new insight into potential plasma-based biomarkers to predict mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Alatalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Izaque de Sousa Maciel
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nina Kucháriková
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sweelin Chew
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irene van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Foraster
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEREsp), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- PHAGEX Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Institut d' Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Reus, Spain
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Ward GA, Dalton RP, Meyer BS, McLemore AF, Aldrich AL, Lam NB, Onimus AH, Vincelette ND, Trinh TL, Chen X, Calescibetta AR, Christiansen SM, Hou HA, Johnson JO, Wright KL, Padron E, Eksioglu EA, List AF. Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Engages TLR9 to Activate the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043896. [PMID: 36835307 PMCID: PMC9966808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDSs) are bone marrow (BM) failure malignancies characterized by constitutive innate immune activation, including NLRP3 inflammasome driven pyroptotic cell death. We recently reported that the danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) is diagnostically increased in MDS plasma although the functional consequences remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that ox-mtDNA is released into the cytosol, upon NLRP3 inflammasome pyroptotic lysis, where it propagates and further enhances the inflammatory cell death feed-forward loop onto healthy tissues. This activation can be mediated via ox-mtDNA engagement of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an endosomal DNA sensing pattern recognition receptor known to prime and activate the inflammasome propagating the IFN-induced inflammatory response in neighboring healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), which presents a potentially targetable axis for the reduction in inflammasome activation in MDS. We found that extracellular ox-mtDNA activates the TLR9-MyD88-inflammasome pathway, demonstrated by increased lysosome formation, IRF7 translocation, and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) production. Extracellular ox-mtDNA also induces TLR9 redistribution in MDS HSPCs to the cell surface. The effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation were validated by blocking TLR9 activation via chemical inhibition and CRISPR knockout, demonstrating that TLR9 was necessary for ox-mtDNA-mediated inflammasome activation. Conversely, lentiviral overexpression of TLR9 sensitized cells to ox-mtDNA. Lastly, inhibiting TLR9 restored hematopoietic colony formation in MDS BM. We conclude that MDS HSPCs are primed for inflammasome activation via ox-mtDNA released by pyroptotic cells. Blocking the TLR9/ox-mtDNA axis may prove to be a novel therapeutic strategy for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Ward
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert P. Dalton
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Meyer
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy F. McLemore
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amy L. Aldrich
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nghi B. Lam
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexis H. Onimus
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole D. Vincelette
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Thu Le Trinh
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Sean M. Christiansen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Joseph O. Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Wright
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Erika A. Eksioglu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-745-8560
| | - Alan F. List
- Precision BioSciences, Inc., Durham, NC 27701, USA
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16
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Circulating Cell-Free DNA Levels in Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043402. [PMID: 36834811 PMCID: PMC9963116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels are known to increase in biological fluids in various pathological conditions. However, the data on circulating cfDNA in severe psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depressive disorders (DDs), is contradictory. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the concentrations of different cfDNA types in schizophrenia, BD, and DDs compared with healthy donors. The mitochondrial (cf-mtDNA), genomic (cf-gDNA), and total cfDNA concentrations were analyzed separately. The effect size was estimated using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Eight reports for schizophrenia, four for BD, and five for DDs were included in the meta-analysis. However, there were only enough data to analyze the total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia and cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. It has been shown that the levels of total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in patients with schizophrenia are significantly higher than in healthy donors (SMD values of 0.61 and 0.6, respectively; p < 0.00001). Conversely, the levels of cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs do not differ compared with healthy individuals. Nevertheless, further research is needed in the case of BD and DDs due to the small sample sizes in the BD studies and the significant data heterogeneity in the DD studies. Additionally, further studies are needed on cf-mtDNA in schizophrenia or cf-gDNA and total cfDNA in BD and DDs due to insufficient data. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides the first evidence of increases in total cfDNA and cf-gDNA in schizophrenia but shows no changes in cf-mtDNA in BD and DDs. Increased circulating cfDNA in schizophrenia may be associated with chronic systemic inflammation, as cfDNA has been found to trigger inflammatory responses.
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17
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Lindqvist D, Furmark T, Lavebratt C, Ohlsson L, Månsson KNT. Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in social anxiety disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 148:106001. [PMID: 36508952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate plasma levels of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and healthy controls (HC). METHODS In this study, 88 participants (46 patients with SAD and 42 HCs) were enrolled and both ccf-mtDNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) were measured at up to three times per individual (9-11 weeks apart). SAD patients also received cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) between the second and third time-point. RESULTS SAD patients had significantly lower ccf-mtDNA compared to HCs at all time points, but ccf-mtDNA did not change significantly after CBT, and was not associated with severity of anxiety symptoms. Plasma ccf-mtDNA did not significantly correlate with PBMC mtDNA-cn in patients. CONCLUSION This is the first report of lower ccf-mtDNA in patients with an anxiety disorder. Our findings could reflect a more chronic illness course in SAD patients with prolonged periods of psychological stress leading to decreased levels of ccf-mtDNA, but future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Michelson J, Rausser S, Peng A, Yu T, Sturm G, Trumpff C, Kaufman BA, Rai AJ, Picard M. MitoQuicLy: a high-throughput method for quantifying cell-free DNA from human plasma, serum, and saliva. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522744. [PMID: 36711938 PMCID: PMC9882007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is an emerging biomarker of psychobiological stress and disease which predicts mortality and is associated with various disease states. To evaluate the contribution of cf-mtDNA to health and disease states, standardized high-throughput procedures are needed to quantify cf-mtDNA in relevant biofluids. Here, we describe MitoQuicLy: Mito chondrial DNA Qu antification in c ell-free samples by Ly sis. We demonstrate high agreement between MitoQuicLy and the commonly used column-based method, although MitoQuicLy is faster, cheaper, and requires a smaller input sample volume. Using 10 µL of input volume with MitoQuicLy, we quantify cf-mtDNA levels from three commonly used plasma tube types, two serum tube types, and saliva. We detect, as expected, significant inter-individual differences in cf-mtDNA across different biofluids. However, cf-mtDNA levels between concurrently collected plasma, serum, and saliva from the same individual differ on average by up to two orders of magnitude and are poorly correlated with one another, pointing to different cf-mtDNA biology or regulation between commonly used biofluids in clinical and research settings. Moreover, in a small sample of healthy women and men (n=34), we show that blood and saliva cf-mtDNAs correlate with clinical biomarkers differently depending on the sample used. The biological divergences revealed between biofluids, together with the lysis-based, cost-effective, and scalable MitoQuicLy protocol for biofluid cf-mtDNA quantification, provide a foundation to examine the biological origin and significance of cf-mtDNA to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Temmie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and the Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Alex J. Rai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Lorenzo EC, Kuchel GA, Kuo CL, Moffitt TE, Diniz BS. Major depression and the biological hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101805. [PMID: 36410621 PMCID: PMC9772222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by psychological and physiological manifestations contributing to the disease severity and outcome. In recent years, several lines of evidence have suggested that individuals with MDD have an elevated risk of age-related adverse outcomes across the lifespan. This review provided evidence of a significant overlap between the biological abnormalities in MDD and biological changes commonly observed during the aging process (i.e., hallmarks of biological aging). Based on such evidence, we formulate a mechanistic model showing how abnormalities in the hallmarks of biological aging can be a common denominator and mediate the elevated risk of age-related health outcomes commonly observed in MDD. Finally, we proposed a roadmap for novel studies to investigate the intersection between the biology of aging and MDD, including the use of geroscience-guided interventions, such as senolytics, to delay or improve major depression by targeting biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Lorenzo
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; PROMENTA Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Breno S Diniz
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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20
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Behnke A, Gumpp AM, Rojas R, Sänger T, Lutz-Bonengel S, Moser D, Schelling G, Krumbholz A, Kolassa IT. Circulating inflammatory markers, cell-free mitochondrial DNA, cortisol, endocannabinoids, and N-acylethanolamines in female depressed outpatients. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:58-69. [PMID: 35532037 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2070666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) involves peripheral low-grade pro-inflammatory activity. This multi-biomarker case-control study characterises the proinflammatory status in MDD beyond C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin (IL)-6 levels through investigating concomitant alterations of immunoregulatory biomolecules. METHODS In 20 female MDD patients and 24 non-depressed women, circulating levels of CRP, IL-6, cortisol, selected endocannabinoids (ECs; anandamide [AEA], 2-arachidonylglycerol [2-AG]), and N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), as well as circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) were measured. RESULTS We found higher serum CRP and plasma AEA levels in MDD and a positive association of CRP and AEA levels with current depressive symptoms. Blood levels of cortisol, ccf-mtDNA, 2-AG, and NAEs did depend on MDD diagnosis nor correlated with the severity of current depressive symptoms. CRP correlated positively with AEA, and AEA showed positive associations with 2-AG and NAE levels. CONCLUSIONS In this study, female MDD outpatients with mild to moderate disorder severity did not substantially differ from non-depressed controls in the resting levels of multiple immunoregulatory markers in peripheral blood. Instead of investigating resting levels, future research on the role of inflammatory activity in MDD should focus on investigating the reactivity of pathways modulating the immune system upon exposure to physical and psychosocial stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Behnke
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Maria Gumpp
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roberto Rojas
- University Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Sänger
- Forensic Molecular Biology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Lutz-Bonengel
- Forensic Molecular Biology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Moser
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Department of Genetic Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aniko Krumbholz
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS) Dresden, Kreischa, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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22
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New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092147. [PMID: 36140548 PMCID: PMC9497998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluids are constantly replenished with a population of genetically diverse cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments, representing a vast reservoir of information reflecting real-time changes in the host and metagenome. As many body fluids can be collected non-invasively in a one-off and serial fashion, this reservoir can be tapped to develop assays for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of wide-ranging pathologies, such as solid tumors, fetal genetic abnormalities, rejected organ transplants, infections, and potentially many others. The translation of cfDNA research into useful clinical tests is gaining momentum, with recent progress being driven by rapidly evolving preanalytical and analytical procedures, integrated bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms. Yet, despite these spectacular advances, cfDNA remains a very challenging analyte due to its immense heterogeneity and fluctuation in vivo. It is increasingly recognized that high-fidelity reconstruction of the information stored in cfDNA, and in turn the development of tests that are fit for clinical roll-out, requires a much deeper understanding of both the physico-chemical features of cfDNA and the biological, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors that modulate it. This is a daunting task, but with significant upsides. In this review we showed how expanded knowledge on cfDNA biology and faithful reverse-engineering of cfDNA samples promises to (i) augment the sensitivity and specificity of existing cfDNA assays; (ii) expand the repertoire of disease-specific cfDNA markers, thereby leading to the development of increasingly powerful assays; (iii) reshape personal molecular medicine; and (iv) have an unprecedented impact on genetics research.
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23
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Trumpff C, Rausser S, Haahr R, Karan KR, Gouspillou G, Puterman E, Kirschbaum C, Picard M. Dynamic behavior of cell-free mitochondrial DNA in human saliva. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105852. [PMID: 35834882 PMCID: PMC9880596 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contain their own genome that can be released in multiple biofluids such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid, as cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA). In clinical studies, blood cf-mtDNA predicts mortality and higher cf-mtDNA levels are associated with mental and physical stress. However, the dynamics of cf-mtDNA has not been defined, and whether it can be measured non-invasively like other neuroendocrine markers in saliva has not been examined. Here we report cf-mtDNA in human saliva and establish its natural within-person dynamic behavior across multiple weeks. In a small proof-of-principle cohort of healthy adults, we first develop an approach to rapidly quantify salivary cf-mtDNA without DNA isolation, and demonstrate the existence of salivary cf-mtDNA. We then deploy this approach to perform an intensive repeated-measures analysis of two healthy men studied at 4 daily timepoints over 53-60 consecutive days (n = 212-220 observations each) with parallel measures of steroid hormones, self-reported daily mood, and health-related behaviors. Salivary cf-mtDNA exhibited a robust awakening response reaching up to two orders of magnitude 30-45 min after awakening, varied from day-to-day, and moderately correlated with the cortisol awakening response. In exploratory analyses, no consistent association with self-reported daily mood/health-related behaviors were found, although this requires further examination in future studies. Dynamic variation in cf-mtDNA was inversely related with salivary interleukin 6 (IL-6), inconsistent with a pro-inflammatory effect of salivary cf-mtDNA. The highly dynamic behavior of salivary cf-mtDNA opens the door to non-invasive studies examining the relevance of mtDNA signaling in relation to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Haahr
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kalpita R. Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
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24
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Barbalata T, Scarlatescu AI, Sanda GM, Toma L, Stancu CS, Dorobantu M, Micheu MM, Sima AV, Niculescu LS. Mitochondrial DNA Together with miR-142-3p in Plasma Can Predict Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179947. [PMID: 36077347 PMCID: PMC9456000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, despite numerous efforts to find efficient prognostic biomarkers and treatment targets. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential of six microRNAs known to be involved in cardiovascular diseases, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) circulating in plasma to be used as prognostic tools for the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes such as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Fifty STEMI patients were enrolled and monitored for 6 months for the occurrence of MACE. Plasma was collected at three time points: upon admission to hospital (T0), at discharge from hospital (T1), and 6 months post-STEMI (T6). Plasma levels of miR-223-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-125a-5p, and miR-146a-5p, as well as of cfDNA and mtDNA, were measured by RT-qPCR. Results showed that the levels of all measured miRNAs, as well as of cfDNA and mtDNA, were the most increased at T1, compared to the other two time points. In the plasma of STEMI patients with MACE compared to those without MACE, we determined increased levels of miRNAs, cfDNA, and mtDNA at T1. Hence, we used the levels of all measured parameters at T1 for further statistical analysis. Statistical analysis demonstrated that all six miRNAs and cfDNA plus mtDNA levels, respectively, were associated with MACE. The minimal statistical model that could predict MACE in STEMI patients was the combination of mtDNA and miR-142-3p levels, as evidenced by ROC analysis (AUC = 0.97, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the increased plasma levels of mtDNA, along with miR-142-3p, could be used to predict unfavorable outcomes in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Barbalata
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina I. Scarlatescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela M. Sanda
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Toma
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia S. Stancu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna M. Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca V. Sima
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (L.S.N.)
| | - Loredan S. Niculescu
- Lipidomics Department, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (L.S.N.)
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25
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Karabatsiakis A, de Punder K, Salinas-Manrique J, Todt M, Dietrich DE. Hair cortisol level might be indicative for a 3PM approach towards suicide risk assessment in depression: comparative analysis of mentally stable and depressed individuals versus individuals after completing suicide. EPMA J 2022; 13:383-395. [PMID: 36061827 PMCID: PMC9425778 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression and suicidal behavior are interrelated, stress-associated mental health conditions, each lacking biological verifiability. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) are almost completely missing for both conditions but are of utmost importance. Prior research reported altered levels of the stress hormone cortisol in the scalp hair of depressed individuals, however, data on hair cortisol levels (HCL) for suicide completers (SC) are missing. Here, we aimed to identify differences in HCL between subject with depression (n = 20), SC (n = 45) and mentally stable control subjects (n = 12) to establish the usage of HCL as a new target for 3PM. HCL was measured in extracts of pulverized hair (1-cm and 3-cm hair segments) using ELISA. In 3-cm hair segments, an average increase in HCL for depressed patients (1.66 times higher; p = .011) and SC (5.46 times higher; p = 1.65 × 10−5) compared to that for controls was observed. Furthermore, the average HCL in SC was significantly increased compared to that in the depressed group (3.28 times higher; p = 1.4 × 10−5). A significant correlation between HCL in the 1-cm and the 3-cm hair segments, as well as a significant association between the severity of depressive symptoms and HCL (3-cm segment) was found. To conclude, findings of increased HCL in subjects with depression compared to that in controls were replicated and an additional increase in HCL was seen in SC in comparison to patients with depression. The usage of HCL for creating effective patient stratification and predictive approach followed by the targeted prevention and personalization of medical services needs to be validated in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Department of Clinical Psychology II, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin de Punder
- Department of Clinical Psychology II, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Melanie Todt
- Institutes for Forensic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef E. Dietrich
- AMEOS Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hildesheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Morrison KE, Stenson AF, Marx-Rattner R, Carter S, Michopoulos V, Gillespie CF, Powers A, Huang W, Kane MA, Jovanovic T, Bale TL. Developmental Timing of Trauma in Women Predicts Unique Extracellular Vesicle Proteome Signatures. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:273-282. [PMID: 34715991 PMCID: PMC9219961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events is a risk factor for negative physical and mental health outcomes. However, the underlying biological mechanisms that perpetuate these lasting effects are not known. METHODS We investigated the impact and timing of sexual trauma, a specific type of interpersonal violence, experienced during key developmental windows of childhood, adolescence, or adulthood on adult health outcomes and associated biomarkers, including circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels and extracellular vesicles (EVs), in a predominantly Black cohort of women (N = 101). RESULTS Significant changes in both biomarkers examined, circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels and EV proteome, were specific to developmental timing of sexual trauma. Specifically, we identified a large number of keratin-related proteins from EVs unique to the adolescent sexual trauma group. Remarkably, the majority of these keratin proteins belong to a 17q21 gene cluster, which suggests a potential local epigenetic regulatory mechanism altered by adolescent trauma to impact keratinocyte EV secretion or its protein cargo. These results, along with changes in fear-potentiated startle and skin conductance detected in these women, suggest that sexual violence experienced during the specific developmental window of adolescence may involve unique programming of the skin, the body's largest stress organ. CONCLUSIONS Together, these descriptive studies provide novel insight into distinct biological processes altered by trauma experienced during specific developmental windows. Future studies will be required to mechanistically link these biological processes to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anaïs F Stenson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sierra Carter
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles F Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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27
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Park SS, Jeong H, Andreazza AC. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in brain health and disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:87-102. [PMID: 34096821 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1938214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) are detectable fragments of mtDNA released from the cell as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction or apoptosis. The brain is one of the most energy demanding organs in the human body, and many neuropsychiatric and non-psychiatric neurological diseases have mitochondrial dysfunction associated with disease pathophysiology. Thus, we aimed to assess ccf-mtDNA as a potential biomarker for brain diseases. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies that examined peripheral and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ccf-mtDNA relevant to neuropsychiatric conditions, which we define as disorders of affect, behaviour and mood, and non-psychiatric neurological diseases, which consist of neurological diseases not related to psychiatry including neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS The results of the sensitivity analysis investigating the levels of peripheral ccf-mtDNA in neuropsychiatric studies showed no significant difference between cases and controls (Z = 1.57; p = 0.12), whereas the results of the sensitivity analysis investigating the levels of CSF ccf-mtDNA in non-psychiatric neurological diseases showed a decreasing trend in cases compared with controls (Z = 2.32; p = 0.02). Interestingly, the results indicate an overall mitochondrial stress associated mainly with non-psychiatric neurological diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the involvement of mitochondrial stress, here defined as ccf-mtDNA, in brain diseases and encourage further investigation of ccf-mtDNA among patients with brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sohyun Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyunjin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Ho AMC, Winham SJ, McCauley BM, Kundakovic M, Robertson KD, Sun Z, Ordog T, Webb LM, Frye MA, Veldic M. Plasma Cell-Free DNA Methylomics of Bipolar Disorder With and Without Rapid Cycling. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:774037. [PMID: 34916903 PMCID: PMC8669968 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.774037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid cycling (RC) burdens bipolar disorder (BD) patients further by causing more severe disability and increased suicidality. Because diagnosing RC can be challenging, RC patients are at risk of rapid decline due to delayed suitable treatment. Here, we aimed to identify the differences in the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylome between BD patients with and without RC. The cfDNA methylome could potentially be developed as a diagnostic test for BD RC. We extracted cfDNA from plasma samples of BD1 patients (46 RC and 47 non-RC). cfDNA methylation levels were measured by 850K Infinium MethylationEPIC array. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to assess global differences in methylome. cfDNA methylation levels were compared between RC groups using a linear model adjusted for age and sex. PCA suggested differences in methylation profiles between RC groups (p = 0.039) although no significant differentially methylated probes (DMPs; q > 0.15) were found. The top four CpG sites which differed between groups at p < 1E-05 were located in CGGPB1, PEX10, NR0B2, and TP53I11. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on top DMPs (p < 0.05) showed significant enrichment of gene sets related to nervous system tissues, such as neurons, synapse, and glutamate neurotransmission. Other top notable gene sets were related to parathyroid regulation and calcium signaling. To conclude, our study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing a microarray method to identify circulating cfDNA methylation sites associated with BD RC and found the top differentially methylated CpG sites were mostly related to the nervous system and the parathyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Man-Choi Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bryan M McCauley
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marija Kundakovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lauren M Webb
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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29
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Blood-based mitochondrial respiratory chain function in major depression. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:593. [PMID: 34789750 PMCID: PMC8599473 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). A measure of mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) enzymatic activity-the Mitochondrial Health Index (MHI)-has previously been found to correlate with stress and emotional states in caregivers. We here report mitochondrial RC activities, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and the composite MHI in unmedicated and somatically healthy subjects with MDD (n = 47) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 11). We also explore, in a subset of the MDD sample (n = 33), whether these markers are associated with response to 8 weeks of SSRI treatment. Mitochondrial RC complexes I, II, IV, citrate synthase (CS), mtDNAcn, and the MHI were assayed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Treatment response was defined as >50% decrease on the 25-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS-25). There were no significant differences in MHI or any of the mitochondrial markers between MDD subjects and HCs. Compared to SSRI nonresponders, SSRI responders had significantly higher baseline mitochondrial content markers CS (p = 0.02) and mtDNAcn (p = 0.02), and higher complex I activity (p = 0.01). Complex II activity increased significantly over treatment, irrespective of clinical response (p = 0.03). Complex I activity decreased in responders (n = 9), but increased in nonresponders (n = 18) (group x time interaction, p = 0.02). Absolute treatment-associated change in HDRS-25 scores correlated significantly with change in complex I activity between baseline and week 8 (r = 0.47, p = 0.01). Although mitochondrial markers did not distinguish MDD from controls, they did distinguish SSRI responders from nonresponders. If larger studies validate these mitochondrial differences, they may become useful biomarkers and identify new drug targets.
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Fernström J, Ohlsson L, Asp M, Lavant E, Holck A, Grudet C, Westrin Å, Lindqvist D. Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in depressive disorders. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259591. [PMID: 34735532 PMCID: PMC8568274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is an immunogenic molecule and a novel biomarker of psychiatric disorders. Some previous studies reported increased levels of ccf-mtDNA in unmedicated depression and recent suicide attempters, while other studies found unchanged or decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in depression. Inconsistent findings across studies may be explained by small sample sizes and between-study variations in somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity or medication status. Methods We measured plasma ccf-mtDNA in a cohort of 281 patients with depressive disorders and 49 healthy controls. Ninety-three percent of all patients were treated with one or several psychotropic medications. Thirty-six percent had a personality disorder, 13% bipolar disorder. All analyses involving ccf-mtDNA were a priori adjusted for age and sex. Results Mean levels in ccf-mtDNA were significantly different between patients with a current depressive episode (n = 236), remitted depressive episode (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 49) (f = 8.3, p<0.001). Post-hoc tests revealed that both patients with current (p<0.001) and remitted (p = 0.002) depression had lower ccf-mtDNA compared to controls. Within the depressed group there was a positive correlation between ccf-mtDNA and “inflammatory depression symptoms” (r = 0.15, p = 0.02). We also found that treatment with mood stabilizers lamotrigine, valproic acid or lithium was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA (f = 8.1, p = 0.005). Discussion Decreased plasma ccf-mtDNA in difficult-to-treat depression may be partly explained by concurrent psychotropic medications and co-morbidity. Our findings suggest that ccf-mtDNA may be differentially regulated in different subtypes of depression, and this hypothesis should be pursued in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Health and Society, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie Asp
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Eva Lavant
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Health and Society, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Amanda Holck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatric Clinic Lund, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Cécile Grudet
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Westrin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Region Skåne, Sweden
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Tripathi A, Scaini G, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Pillai A. Mitophagy in depression: Pathophysiology and treatment targets. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:1-10. [PMID: 34478906 PMCID: PMC8962570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of eukaryotic cells, play a key role in cellular homeostasis. However, defective mitochondria increase mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, leading to increased inflammation. Mitophagy is a vital pathway, which selectively removes defective mitochondria through the process of autophagy. Thus, an impairment in the mitophagy pathway might trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of depression. In this article, we have reviewed the role of impaired mitophagy as a contributing factor in depression pathophysiology. Further, we have discussed the potential therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating mitophagy in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Yang B, Hui J, Zhang C, Fang H, Bian X, Tao M, Lu Y, Shang Z. Extracellular Mitochondrial Components and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1131-1143. [PMID: 34370602 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides being powerhouses of the cell, mitochondria released into extracellular space act as intercellular signaling. Mitochondria and their components mediate cell-to-cell communication in free form or embedded in a carrier. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is complex, which shows close relationship with inflammation and metabolic abnormalities. Since mitochondria sustain optimal function of the heart, extracellular mitochondria are emerging as a key regulator in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide recent findings in the presence and forms of mitochondria transfer between cells, as well as the effects of these mitochondria on vascular inflammation and ischemic myocardium. Mitochondrial transplantation is a novel treatment paradigm for patients suffering from acute cardiovascular accident and challenges the traditional methods of mitochondria isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingjiao Hui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yipeng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenglu Shang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Son JM, Lee C. Aging: All roads lead to mitochondria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:160-168. [PMID: 33741252 PMCID: PMC9774040 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria were described as early as 1890 as ubiquitous intracellular structures by Ernster and Schatz (1981) [1]. Since then, the accretion of knowledge in the past century has revealed much of the molecular details of mitochondria, ranging from mitochondrial origin, structure, metabolism, genetics, and signaling, and their implications in health and disease. We now know that mitochondria are remarkably multifunctional and deeply intertwined with many vital cellular processes. They are quasi-self organelles that still possess remnants of its bacterial ancestry, including an independent genome. The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), which postulated that aging is a product of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, provided a conceptual framework that put mitochondria on the map of aging research. However, several studies have more recently challenged the general validity of the theory, favoring novel ideas based on emerging evidence to understand how mitochondria contribute to aging and age-related diseases. One prominent topic of investigation lies on the fact that mitochondria are not only production sites for bioenergetics and macromolecules, but also regulatory hubs that communicate and coordinate many vital physiological processes at the cellular and organismal level. The bi-directional communication and coordination between the co-evolved mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is especially interesting in terms of cellular regulation. Mitochondria are dynamic and adaptive, rendering their function sensitive to cellular context. Tissues with high energy demands, such as the brain, seem to be uniquely affected by age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, providing a foundation for the development of novel mitochondrial-based therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA,Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea,Corresponding author at: Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Increased levels of circulating cell-free mtDNA in plasma of late life depression subjects. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 139:25-29. [PMID: 34022472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of late-life depression (LLD). Mitochondria are the primary source of oxidative stress and can be significantly damaged with increased OS. Circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) is a marker of cellular stress and mitochondria damage triggered by oxidative stress. METHODS We evaluated the plasma levels of ccf-mtDNA in between 32 LLD and 21 never-depressed participants. We also investigated the association between ccf-mtDNA and the severity of depressive episodes and cognition performance. RESULTS We found a higher ccf-mtDNA level in LLD cases compared with controls (t = -2.91, p = 0.005). Also, ccf-mtDNA was significantly correlated with the severity of depression (r = 0.42, p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between ccf-mtDNA and measures of cognitive decline. LIMITATIONS The small sample size and cross-sectional design were the main limitations of this study. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LLD is associated with elevated mitochondrial damage and cellular stress. If validated, the measurement of ccf-mtDNA in LLD can guide the development of novel treatments focused on cytoprotection and reduction of mitochondrial dysfunction for this condition.
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Trumpff C, Michelson J, Lagranha CJ, Taleon V, Karan KR, Sturm G, Lindqvist D, Fernström J, Moser D, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Stress and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: A systematic review of human studies, physiological considerations, and technical recommendations. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:225-245. [PMID: 33839318 PMCID: PMC8418815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is a marker of inflammatory disease and a predictor of mortality, but little is known about cf-mtDNA in relation to psychobiology. A systematic review of the literature reveals that blood cf-mtDNA varies in response to common real-world stressors including psychopathology, acute psychological stress, and exercise. Moreover, cf-mtDNA is inducible within minutes and exhibits high intra-individual day-to-day variation, highlighting the dynamic regulation of cf-mtDNA levels. We discuss current knowledge on the mechanisms of cf-mtDNA release, its forms of transport ("cell-free" does not mean "membrane-free"), potential physiological functions, putative cellular and neuroendocrine triggers, and factors that may contribute to cf-mtDNA removal from the circulation. A review of in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical studies shows conflicting results around the dogma that physiological forms of cf-mtDNA are pro-inflammatory, opening the possibility of other physiological functions, including the cell-to-cell transfer of whole mitochondria. Finally, to enhance the reproducibility and biological interpretation of human cf-mtDNA research, we propose guidelines for blood collection, cf-mtDNA isolation, quantification, and reporting standards, which can promote concerted advances by the community. Defining the mechanistic basis for cf-mtDNA signaling is an opportunity to elucidate the role of mitochondria in brain-body interactions and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Veronica Taleon
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kalpita R Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Office of Psychiatry and Habilitation, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Johan Fernström
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dirk Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA.
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Moya GE, Rivera PD, Dittenhafer-Reed KE. Evidence for the Role of Mitochondrial DNA Release in the Inflammatory Response in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7030. [PMID: 34209978 PMCID: PMC8268735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are regarded as the metabolic centers of cells and are integral in many other cell processes, including the immune response. Each mitochondrion contains numerous copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a small, circular, and bacterial-like DNA. In response to cellular damage or stress, mtDNA can be released from the mitochondrion and trigger immune and inflammatory responses. mtDNA release into the cytosol or bloodstream can occur as a response to hypoxia, sepsis, traumatic injury, excitatory cytotoxicity, or drastic mitochondrial membrane potential changes, some of which are hallmarks of neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Released mtDNA can mediate inflammatory responses observed in many neurological and mood disorders by driving the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the interferon response system. The current understanding of the role of mtDNA release in affective mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip D. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA;
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Zitkovsky EK, Daniels TE, Tyrka AR. Mitochondria and early-life adversity. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:213-221. [PMID: 33484871 PMCID: PMC8172448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA), which includes maltreatment, neglect, or severe trauma in childhood, increases the life-long risk for negative health outcomes. Mitochondria play a key role in the stress response and may be an important mechanism by which stress is transduced into biological risk for disease. By responding to cues from stress-signaling pathways, mitochondria interact dynamically with physiological stress responses coordinated by the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Preclinical evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial function and structure are linked to both early stress and systemic biological dysfunction. Early clinical studies support that increased mitochondrial DNA content and altered cellular energy demands may be present in individuals with a history of ELA. Further research should investigate mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target following ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Zitkovsky
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Teresa E Daniels
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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The critical importance in identifying the biological mechanisms underlying the effects of racism on mental health. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:233. [PMID: 32792682 PMCID: PMC7424557 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bezdan D, Grigorev K, Meydan C, Pelissier Vatter FA, Cioffi M, Rao V, MacKay M, Nakahira K, Burnham P, Afshinnekoo E, Westover C, Butler D, Mozsary C, Donahoe T, Foox J, Mishra T, Lucotti S, Rana BK, Melnick AM, Zhang H, Matei I, Kelsen D, Yu K, Lyden DC, Taylor L, Bailey SM, Snyder MP, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Ossowski S, De Vlaminck I, Mason CE. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and Exosome Profiling from a Year-Long Human Spaceflight Reveals Circulating Biomarkers. iScience 2020; 23:101844. [PMID: 33376973 PMCID: PMC7756145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or exosomes provide a noninvasive approach to monitor human health and disease but have not been utilized for astronauts. Here, we profile cfDNA characteristics, including fragment size, cellular deconvolution, and nucleosome positioning, in an astronaut during a year-long mission on the International Space Station, compared to his identical twin on Earth and healthy donors. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) inflight, and analysis of post-flight exosomes in plasma revealed a 30-fold increase in circulating exosomes and patient-specific protein cargo (including brain-derived peptides) after the year-long mission. This longitudinal analysis of astronaut cfDNA during spaceflight and the exosome profiles highlights their utility for astronaut health monitoring, as well as cf-mtDNA levels as a potential biomarker for physiological stress or immune system responses related to microgravity, radiation exposure, and the other unique environmental conditions of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bezdan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Kirill Grigorev
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny A. Pelissier Vatter
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Varsha Rao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Philip Burnham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ebrahim Afshinnekoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig Westover
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chris Mozsary
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Timothy Donahoe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tejaswini Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brinda K. Rana
- Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ari M. Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Kelsen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Yu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C. Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Taylor
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Susan M. Bailey
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Francine E. Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1305 York Avenue, Y13-05, New York, NY 10021, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Allen J, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Severe life stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and depressive behavior: A pathophysiological and therapeutic perspective. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:111-117. [PMID: 33220501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for providing our cells with energy, as well as regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis, and considerable evidence demonstrates that mitochondria-related alterations are prevalent during chronic stress and depression. Here, we discuss how chronic stress may induce depressive behavior by potentiating mitochondrial allostatic load, which ultimately decreases energy production, elevates the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species, damages mitochondrial DNA and increases membrane permeability and pro-apoptotic factor release. We also discuss how mitochondrial insults can exacerbate the immune response, contributing to depressive symptomology. Furthermore, we illustrate how depression symptoms are associated with specific mitochondrial defects, and how targeting of these defects with pharmacological agents may be a promising avenue for the development of novel, more efficacious antidepressants. In summary, this review supports the notion that severe psychosocial stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby increasing the vulnerability to developing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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41
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Morrison KE. Animal models built for women's brain health: Progress and potential. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 59:100872. [PMID: 32961121 PMCID: PMC7669558 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Women and men have different levels of risk for a variety of brain disorders. Despite this well-known epidemiological finding, preclinical work utilizing animal models has historically only included male animals. The policies of funders to require consideration of sex as a biological variable has shifted the momentum to include female animals in preclinical neuroscience and to report findings by sex. However, there are many biological questions related to brain health that go beyond sex differences and are indeed specific to women. Here, the focus is on why animal models should be utilized in the pursuit of understanding women's brain health, a brief overview of what they have provided thus far, and why they still hold tremendous promise. This review concludes with a set of suggestions for how to begin to pursue translational animal models in a way that facilitates rapid success and harnesses the most powerful aspects of animal models.
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Rappeneau V, Wilmes L, Touma C. Molecular correlates of mitochondrial dysfunctions in major depression: Evidence from clinical and rodent studies. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 109:103555. [PMID: 32979495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent stress-related mental disorders worldwide. Several biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MDD have been proposed, including endocrine disturbances, neurotransmitter deficits, impaired neuronal plasticity, and more recently, mitochondrial dysfunctions. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant molecular correlates of mitochondrial dysfunction in MDD, based on findings from clinical studies and stress-induced rodent models. We also compare differences and similarities between the phenotypes of MDD patients and animal models. Our analysis of the literature reveals that both MDD and stress are associated, in humans and animals, with changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, redox imbalance, increased oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules, and apoptosis. Yet, a considerable amount of conflicting data exist and therefore, the translation of findings from clinical and preclinical research to novel therapies for MDD remains complex. Further studies are needed to advance our understanding of the molecular networks and biological mechanisms involving mitochondria in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rappeneau
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Lars Wilmes
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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43
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Ware SA, Desai N, Lopez M, Leach D, Zhang Y, Giordano L, Nouraie M, Picard M, Kaufman BA. An automated, high-throughput methodology optimized for quantitative cell-free mitochondrial and nuclear DNA isolation from plasma. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15677-15691. [PMID: 32900851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in the study of circulating, cell-free nuclear DNA (ccf-nDNA) in cancer detection has led to the development of noninvasive clinical diagnostic tests and has accelerated the evaluation of ccf-nDNA abundance as a disease biomarker. Likewise, circulating, cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is under similar investigation. However, optimal ccf-mtDNA isolation parameters have not been established, and inconsistent protocols for ccf-nDNA collection, storage, and analysis have hindered its clinical utility. Until now, no studies have established a method for high-throughput isolation that considers both ccf-nDNA and ccf-mtDNA. We initially optimized human plasma digestion and extraction conditions for maximal recovery of these DNAs using a magnetic bead-based isolation method. However, when we incorporated this method onto a high-throughput platform, initial experiments found that DNA isolated from identical human plasma samples displayed plate edge effects resulting in low ccf-mtDNA reproducibility, whereas ccf-nDNA was less affected. Therefore, we developed a detailed protocol optimized for both ccf-mtDNA and ccf-nDNA recovery that uses a magnetic bead-based isolation process on an automated 96-well platform. Overall, we calculate an improved efficiency of recovery of ∼95-fold for ccf-mtDNA and 20-fold for ccf-nDNA when compared with the initial procedure. Digestion conditions, liquid-handling characteristics, and magnetic particle processor programming all contributed to increased recovery without detectable positional effects. To our knowledge, this is the first high-throughput approach optimized for ccf-mtDNA and ccf-nDNA recovery and serves as an important starting point for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Ware
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikita Desai
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mabel Lopez
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Leach
- Optimize Laboratory Consultants, LLC, Lansdale, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luca Giordano
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Picard M, Sandi C. The social nature of mitochondria: Implications for human health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:595-610. [PMID: 32651001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sociality has profound evolutionary roots and is observed from unicellular organisms to multicellular animals. In line with the view that social principles apply across levels of biological complexity, a growing body of data highlights the remarkable social nature of mitochondria - life-sustaining endosymbiotic organelles with their own genome that populate the cell cytoplasm. Here, we draw from organizing principles of behavior in social organisms to reveal that similar to individuals among social networks, mitochondria communicate with each other and with the cell nucleus, exhibit group formation and interdependence, synchronize their behaviors, and functionally specialize to accomplish specific functions within the organism. Mitochondria are social organelles. The extension of social principles across levels of biological complexity is a theoretical shift that emphasizes the role of communication and interdependence in cell biology, physiology, and neuroscience. With the help of emerging computational methods capable of capturing complex dynamic behavioral patterns, the implementation of social concepts in mitochondrial biology may facilitate cross-talk across disciplines towards increasingly holistic and accurate models of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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Karan KR, Trumpff C, McGill MA, Thomas JE, Sturm G, Lauriola V, Sloan RP, Rohleder N, Kaufman BA, Marsland AL, Picard M. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity modulates LPS-induced inflammatory signatures in human blood. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 5:100080. [PMID: 33073254 PMCID: PMC7561023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria modulate inflammatory processes in various model organisms, but it is unclear how much mitochondria regulate immune responses in human blood leukocytes. Here, we examine the effect of i) experimental perturbations of mitochondrial respiratory chain function, and ii) baseline inter-individual variation in leukocyte mitochondrial energy production capacity on stimulated cytokine release and glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity. In a first cohort, whole blood from 20 healthy women and men was stimulated with increasing concentrations of the immune agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Four inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain Complexes I, III, IV, and V were used (LPS + Mito-Inhibitors) to acutely perturb mitochondrial function, GC sensitivity was quantified using the GC-mimetic dexamethasone (DEX) (LPS + DEX), and the resultant cytokine signatures mapped with a 20-cytokine array. Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration caused large inter-individual differences in LPS-stimulated IL-6 reactivity (Cohen's d = 0.72) and TNF-α (d = 1.55) but only minor alteration in EC50-based LPS sensitivity (d = 0.21). Specifically, inhibiting mitochondrial Complex IV potentiated LPS-induced IL-6 levels by 13%, but inhibited TNF-α induction by 72%, indicating mitochondrial regulation of the IL-6/TNF-α ratio. As expected, DEX treatment suppressed multiple LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, .TNF-α) by >85% and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by 80%. Inhibiting Complex I potentiated DEX suppression of IL-6 by a further 12% (d = 0.73), indicating partial mitochondrial modulation of glucocorticoid sensitivity. Finally, to examine if intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity may explain a portion of immune reactivity differences across individuals, we measured biochemical respiratory chain enzyme activities and mitochondrial DNA copy number in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a second cohort of 44 healthy individuals in parallel with LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α response. Respiratory chain .function, particularly Complex IV activity, was positively correlated with LPS-stimulated IL-6 levels (r = 0.45, p = 0.002). Overall, these data provide preliminary evidence that mitochondrial behavior modulates LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine signatures in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpita Rashmi Karan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marlon A. McGill
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob E. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincenzo Lauriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard P. Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
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46
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Jeong H, Dimick MK, Sultan A, Duong A, Park SS, El Soufi El Sabbagh D, Goldstein BI, Andreazza AC. Peripheral biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 123:187-193. [PMID: 32078836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Impediment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation results in a shift toward anaerobic respiration and lactate production. Elevated CNS lactate levels in adults with BD inform the need to evaluate lactate in peripheral samples and early in the course of BD. Furthermore, there exists a recent surge of investigations looking at circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) as a potential biomarker as they are released from cells under physiological stress, apoptosis, or bioenergetic compromise. OBJECTIVES To compare lactate and ccf-mtDNA, two different ways in assessing the mitochondrial health and function, in adolescents with BD versus healthy control adolescents (HC). METHODS One-hundred and five adolescents (n = 64 BD, n = 41 HC) were included. Serum lactate level was measured using a commercially available colorimetric kit. Serum ccf-mtDNA concentration was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction from ccfDNA purified by commercially available spin columns. Diagnosis and mood symptoms were evaluated using semi-structured interviews. RESULTS There is an increase in serum lactate level of adolescents with BD (1.319 ± 0.444 nmol/uL) versus HC (1.168 ± 0.353 nmol/uL; p = 0.043), but not ccf-mtDNA. Among BD adolescents, depression symptoms were negatively correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels (ρ = -0.289; p = 0.038) but loses significance when corrected for multiple comparison. Lactate was positively correlated with ccf-mtDNA in the overall sample (ρ = 0.201; p = 0.043). When examined by diagnosis, this association remained in BD (ρ = 0.273; p = 0.032), but not HC. CONCLUSION These preliminary results indicate that elevated lactate is observed even among adolescents early in their course of BD, that the association between lactate and ccf-mtDNA appears to be specific to BD, and that ccf-mtDNA is potentially associated with depression symptoms in adolescent BD. In addition, the effect of psychotropic medications used in the treatment of BD on peripheral lactate and ccf-mtDNA requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alysha Sultan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sarah Sohyun Park
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dana El Soufi El Sabbagh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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47
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Abstract
In seeking to understand mental health and disease, it is fundamental to identify the biological substrates that draw together the experiences and physiological processes that underlie observed psychological changes. Mitochondria are subcellular organelles best known for their central role in energetics, producing adenosine triphosphate to power most cellular processes. Converging lines of evidence indicate that mitochondria play a key role in the biological embedding of adversity. Preclinical research documents the effects of stress exposure on mitochondrial structure and function, and recent human research suggests alterations constituting recalibrations, both adaptive and nonadaptive. Current research suggests dynamic relationships among stress exposure, neuroendocrine signaling, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. These complex relationships are implicated in disease risk, and their elucidation may inform prevention and treatment of stress- and trauma-related disorders. We review and evaluate the evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of stress exposure and as a contributing factor to psychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Daniels
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA; , , .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Olsen
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA; , , .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA; , , .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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48
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Increased level of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA due to a single bout of strenuous physical exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:897-905. [PMID: 32088743 PMCID: PMC7125245 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Physical exercise is reported to affect the immune response in various ways. Thus, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the abundance of circulating leukocytes are changed. In this study, the occurence of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) was investigated in connection with a single bout of strenuous physical exercise. Methods Healthy volunteers performed a controlled ergo-spirometry cycle test and venous blood samples were taken at different time-points to analyze the concentration of blood components before, during and after the test. The number of circulating leukocytes was measured, as well as secretion of the soluble urokinase activator receptor (suPAR). Results Cf-mtDNA significantly increased during exercise, compared to baseline values and after 30 and 90 min of rest. Circulating leukocytes increased during exercise, but returned to baseline levels afterwards. Surface expression of the urokinase plasminogen activating receptor (uPAR) on neutrophils decreased significantly during exercise. The concentration of suPAR tended to increase during exercise but only significantly after 90 min of rest. Conclusion Increased concentration of cf-mtDNA indicates that cell damage takes place during high intensity training. Hypoxia and tissue damage are likely causes of cf-mtDNA from muscle cells. The levels of cf-mtDNA remain high during the initial rest, due to the decreasing numbers of leukocytes normally clearing the plasma from cf-mtDNA. The increased levels of suPAR further emphasize that strenuous physical exercise causes a reaction similar to inflammation. Further studies are needed to detect the source of increased cf-mtDNA and the corresponding increase of suPAR liberation.
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49
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Czarny P, Wigner P, Strycharz J, Swiderska E, Synowiec E, Szatkowska M, Sliwinska A, Talarowska M, Szemraj J, Su KP, Maes M, Sliwinski T, Galecki P. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, damage, repair and degradation in depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:91-101. [PMID: 31081430 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1588993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, damage, repair and degradation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with depression and to compare the results with healthy subjects.Methods: Total genomic DNA was isolated from PBMCs of 25 depressed and 60 healthy subjects before, immediately after, and 3 h after the exposure to H2O2. Evaluation of mtDNA copy number was performed using real-time PCR and 2-ΔCt methods. Semi-long run real-time PCR was used to estimate the number of mtDNA lesions.Results: Baseline mtDNA copy number did not differ in cells of healthy and depressed subjects; however, it was negatively correlated with the severity of the episode. After a 10-min challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depressed patients' PBMCs exhibited slower changes of the copy number, indicating a lower efficiency of mtDNA degradation compared to controls. Moreover, a significantly higher number of mtDNA lesions was found in depressed patients at the baseline as well as at other experimental time points. mtDNA lesions were also elevated in depressed patient cells immediately after H2O2 exposure. Induction of oxidative stress had no significant influence on the cells of controls.Conclusions: We are the first to show that impairment in repair and degradation of mtDNA may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szatkowska
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Maes
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Health Sciences Graduate Program Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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50
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Abstract
Suicide is a relevant worldwide public health problem. Many studies have shown that different demographic and clinical factors are potentially associated with suicidal behavior. Other studies have reported data about the role of biomarkers in the onset of suicidal behaviors. Specifically, researchers have found that suicidal risk may be increased by abnormalities in serotonergic system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, lipid metabolism, immune system and neuronal plasticity. The identification of specific biological parameters associated with self-harm may be helpful to implement prevention strategies and also to detect new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and analyze the results of main studies about neurobiological mechanisms related to suicidal behavior, also exploring the possible interconnection between the different biological systems.
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