1
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Abafe Diejomaoh OT, Lavoratti A, Laverock J, Koev TT, Khimyak YZ, Kondo T, Eichhorn SJ. Surface modification of cellulose nanomaterials with amine functionalized fluorinated ionic liquids for hydrophobicity and high thermal stability. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 344:122519. [PMID: 39218544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A highly hydrophobic fluorinated ionic liquid (IL), 3-aminopropyl-tributylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsolfonyl)imide ([aP4443][NTf2]), was synthesized, and applied for the surface modification of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) by reductive amination. The modified CNMs were fully characterized for their chemical structure, morphology, thermal stability, and surface hydrophobicity. Results obtained from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 19F and 31P), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful grafting of [aP4443][NTf2] onto the surface of CNMs up to a degree of surface functionalization of 2.5 %. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis confirmed the dimensions of the CNMs were retained after modification but with significant aggregation for modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Thermal Gravimetric Analysis demonstrated significant increases in the degradation temperatures of modified CNCs from ∼252 °C to ∼310 °C. Modified cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) did not show any increase in thermal stability. The modified CNM suspensions showed reduced affinity for water and the formation of aggregates in aqueous media. Furthermore, a water contact angle test demonstrated enhanced hydrophobicity for modified CNMs. This modification approach holds potential for the use of the [aP4443][NTf2] IL for functional materials to achieve novel hydrophobic CNMs suitable for aqueous processing with thermoplastics, for fabrication of thermally stable composite materials, and for polymer gel electrolytes for batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onajite T Abafe Diejomaoh
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Alessandra Lavoratti
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Jude Laverock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Todor T Koev
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK.
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2
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Wu H, Qin J, Hua X, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Self-assembly behavior and adhesive performance of imidazolium cation grafted cellulose nanocrystals in confined space. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122127. [PMID: 38670758 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Confined evaporation-induced self-assembly (C-EISA) is a powerful technique to guide disordered nanoparticles into long-range organized structures. Herein, we investigate the C-EISA behavior of 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium cation ([VBIm]+) grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-C) in a parallel-plates confined geometry. Interestingly, CNC-C can spontaneously assemble into maze-like patterns with branch dimensions on the micrometer scale and uniformly distributed throughout the confined space, which is completely different from the lamellar self-assembly patterns of unmodified CNCs. Combining in situ observations and microscopic characterization, we speculate that the formation of maze-like patterns originates from the reduction of colloidal stability induced by the grafted imidazolium cations. The electrostatic attraction between CNC-C aggregated bundles and glass substrates acts as anchor points, thereby leading to the unstable motion of the liquid-air menisci during the inward intrusion of air. Due to the physicochemical properties and unique C-EISA behavior, the CNC-C based adhesive can maintain adhesion at temperatures of ca. 200 °C, while rapidly debonding when immersed in water, demonstrating the potential to be used as stimuli-responsive temporary or removable adhesives. Furthermore, the strategy proposed in this work for achieving CNCs patterning is also promising to be extended to other anisotropic rod-shaped nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jinli Qin
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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3
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Panio A, Ionescu AC, La Ferla B, Zoia L, Savadori P, Tartaglia GM, Brambilla E. Cellulose Nanocrystals Show Anti-Adherent and Anti-Biofilm Properties against Oral Microorganisms. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:355. [PMID: 38671777 PMCID: PMC11048519 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are cellulose-derived nanomaterials that can be easily obtained, e.g., from vegetable waste produced by circular economies. They show promising antimicrobial activity and an absence of side effects and toxicity. This study investigated the ability of CNCs to reduce microbial adherence and biofilm formation using in vitro microbiological models reproducing the oral environment. Microbial adherence by microbial strains of oral interest, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, was evaluated on the surfaces of salivary pellicle-coated enamel disks in the presence of different aqueous solutions of CNCs. The anti-biofilm activity of the same CNC solutions was tested against S. mutans and an oral microcosm model based on mixed plaque inoculum using a continuous-flow bioreactor. Results showed the excellent anti-adherent activity of the CNCs against the tested strains from the lowest concentration tested (0.032 wt. %, p < 0.001). Such activity was significantly higher against S. mutans than against C. albicans (p < 0.01), suggesting a selective anti-adherent activity against pathogenic strains. At the same time, there was a minimal, albeit significant, anti-biofilm activity (0.5 and 4 wt. % CNC solution for S. mutans and oral microcosm, respectively, p = 0.01). This makes CNCs particularly interesting as anticaries agents, encouraging their use in the oral field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Panio
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (E.B.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (G.M.T.)
| | - Andrei C. Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (E.B.)
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (G.M.T.)
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; (B.L.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luca Zoia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy; (B.L.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Paolo Savadori
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (G.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda, 10/12, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Tartaglia
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (G.M.T.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Della Commenda, 10/12, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (E.B.)
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4
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Zhang Y, Li DQ, Yang CX, Xiong ZW, Tohti M, Zhang YQ, Chen HJ, Li J. Polymerization strategy for cellulose nanocrystals-based photonic crystal films with water resisting property. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130793. [PMID: 38503368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can form a liquid crystal film with a chiral nematic structure by evaporative-induced self-assembly (EISA). It has attracted much attention as a new class of photonic liquid crystal material because of its intrinsic, unique structural characteristics, and excellent optical properties. However, the CNCs-based photonic crystal films are generally prepared via the physical crosslinking strategy, which present water sensitivity. Here, we developed CNCs-g-PAM photonic crystal film by combining free radical polymerization and EISA. FT-IR, SEM, POM, XRD, TG-DTG, and UV-Vis techniques were employed to characterize the physicochemical properties and microstructure of the as-prepared films. The CNCs-g-PAM films showed a better thermo-stability than CNCs-based film. Also, the mechanical properties were significantly improved, viz., the elongation at break was 9.4 %, and tensile strength reached 18.5 Mpa, which was a much better enhancement than CNCs-based film. More importantly, the CNCs-g-PAM films can resist water dissolution for more than 24 h, which was impossible for the CNCs-based film. The present study provided a promising strategy to prepare CNCs-based photonic crystal film with high flexibility, water resistance, and optical properties for applications such as decoration, light management, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China
| | - Zi-Wei Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China
| | - Maryamgul Tohti
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China
| | - Hong-Jie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China.
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5
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Rader C, Fritz PW, Ashirov T, Coskun A, Weder C. One-Component Nanocomposites Made from Diblock Copolymer Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1637-1648. [PMID: 38381566 PMCID: PMC10934803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based, rod-like, high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles with high stiffness and strength and are widely used as a reinforcing nanofiller in polymer nanocomposites. However, due to hydrogen-bond formation between the large number of hydroxyl groups on their surface, CNCs are prone to aggregate, especially in nonpolar polymer matrices. One possibility to overcome this problem is to graft polymers from the CNCs' surfaces and to process the resulting "hairy nanoparticles" (HNPs) into one-component nanocomposites (OCNs) in which the polymer matrix and CNC filler are covalently connected. Here, we report OCNs based on HNPs that were synthesized by grafting gradient diblock copolymers onto CNCs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The inner block (toward the CNCs) is composed of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and the outer block comprises a gradient copolymer rich in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The OCNs based on such HNPs microphase separate into a rubbery poly(methyl acrylate) phase that dissipates mechanical energy and imparts toughness, a glassy PMMA phase that provides strength and stiffness, and well-dispersed CNCs that further reinforce the materials. This design afforded OCNs that display a considerably higher stiffness and strength than reference diblock copolymers without the CNCs. At the same time, the extensibility remains high and the toughness is increased up to 5-fold relative to the reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rader
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrick W. Fritz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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6
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Rader C, Fritz PW, Ashirov T, Coskun A, Weder C. One-Component Nanocomposites Made from Diblock Copolymer Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1637-1648. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrick W. Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Li J, Wang Z, Wang P, Tian J, Liu T, Guo J, Zhu W, Khan MR, Xiao H, Song J. Effects of hydrolysis conditions on the morphology of cellulose II nanocrystals (CNC-II) derived from mercerized microcrystalline cellulose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128936. [PMID: 38143058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The properties of cellulose nanocrystals with allomorph II (CNC-II) vary with the sources and the treatments received. In this work, the influences of hydrolysis time, temperature, and the applied acid concentration on the crystal size of CNC-II were investigated by the surface response experimental design. The results showed that temperature was the most significant factor affecting the crystal size of CNC-II during hydrolysis from mercerized cellulose. Then the morphology and colloidal properties of CNC-II were revealed by dynamic laser scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. XRD results indicated that CNC-II had slightly lower crystallinity (80.89 % vs 82.7 %) and larger crystallite size (5.21 vs. 5.13 nm) than CNC-I. TEM and AFM results showed that the morphology of CNC-II were disc-like and rod-like particles, with an average diameter of 14.6 ± 4.7 nm (TEM) and a thickness of 4- 8 nm (AFM). TG and XPS revealed the reduced thermal stability was due to the introduced sulfate groups in CNC-II during hydrolysis. This investigation has addressed the features of CNC-II derived from mercerized cellulose, and it would be promising in fabricating advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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8
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Luo Q, Liu Y, Zhou G, Xu X. A new strategy to improve the dielectric properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs): Surface modification of small molecules. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121451. [PMID: 37985073 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose finds various applications in advanced electrical devices due to its impressive mechanical properties, thermal stability, and degradability. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent dielectric properties may act as a fresh dielectric plastic. In this study, a new strategy of small molecule modification was used to improve the dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and band gap of the CNCs. The dipole moments, dipole density, and the anisotropic impact of surface groups on the dielectric constant were studied. The number of sulfates in the CNCs showed a gradient due to alkali treatment and sulfonation, which allowed for a controlled range of the dielectric constant of nanocellulose between 4.9 and 11.9. TEMPO oxidation (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) and cyanoethylation of the CNCs further increased the dielectric constant to 11.1 and 13.2, respectively, and the dielectric loss 10-1. By understanding and innovating organic polymer dielectrics, we can provide significant benefits to the electronics and device industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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9
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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10
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Mahawar MK, Bharimalla AK, Arputharaj A, Palkar J, Dhakane-Lad J, Jalgaonkar K, Vigneshwaran N. Response surface optimization of process parameters for preparation of cellulose nanocrystal stabilized nanosulphur suspension. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20678. [PMID: 38001094 PMCID: PMC10673880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employed response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize various parameters involved in the synthesis of nanosulphur (NS) stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The elemental sulphur (ES) mixed with CNCs was processed in a high-pressure homogenizer to make a stable formulation of CNC-stabilized NS (CNC-NS). RSM was adopted to formulate the experiments using Box-Behnken design (BBD) by considering three independent variables i.e., ES (5, 10, 15 g), CNCs (25, 50, 75 ml), and the number of passes (NP) in the high-pressure homogenizer (1, 2, 3). For the prepared suspensions (CNC-NS), the range of the responses viz. settling time (0.84-20.60 min), particle size (500.41-1432.62 nm), viscosity (29.20-420.60 cP), and surface tension (60.35-73.61 N/m) were observed. The numerical optimization technique was followed by keeping the independent and dependent factors in the range yielded in the optimized solution viz. 46 ml (CNCs), 8 g (ES), and 2 (NP). It was interpreted from the findings that the stability of the suspension had a positive correlation with the amount of CNC while the increasing proportion of ES resulted in reduced stability. The quadratic model was fitted adequately to all the responses as justified with the higher coefficient of determination (R2 ≥ 0.88). The characterization performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed better-stabilizing properties of the optimized CNCs-ES suspension. The study confirmed that CNCs have the potential to be utilized as a stabilizing agent in synthesizing stable nanosulphur formulation by high-pressure homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Mahawar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | | | - A Arputharaj
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Jagdish Palkar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Jyoti Dhakane-Lad
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Kirti Jalgaonkar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - N Vigneshwaran
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
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11
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Zhang T, Yuan Y, Wu X, Yu P, Ji J, Chai J, Kumar Saini R, Liu J, Shang X. The level of sulfate substitution of polysaccharide regulates thermal-induced egg white protein gel properties: The characterization of gel structure and intermolecular forces. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113349. [PMID: 37803654 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides exhibit great potential for regulating protein-protein interactions. In the present study, three sulfated microcrystalline cellulose (MCS) with different degrees of sulfate substitution (DSS: 0.33, 0.51, 0.61) were synthesized and the effects of DSS on the regulation of egg white protein (EWP) aggregation and gelation properties were investigated. The results found that the improvement of protein mechanical properties by MCS is closely related to the level of sulfate substitution. The higher the DSS, the more ordered protein aggregates and compact gel network formed during heating as compared to that of pure EWP. Lower DSS (0.33) shows little effect on the mechanical properties of EWP. Furthermore, all the MCSs could significantly destroy the tertiary structure of protein molecules during heating, while for the secondary structure, MCS with higher DSS (0.51 and 0.61) could effectively control the decreasing tendency of α-helix and increasing tendency of β-sheet. Hydrophobic interactions were recognized as the major intermolecular force in the compact mixed gels (EWP/MCS2 and EWP/MCS3 gels, DSS was 0.51 and 0.61, respectively). These findings provide a vital understanding of the gelling mechanism of the protein-polysaccharide system and the application of sulfated polysaccharides in protein-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yixin Yuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xinling Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Peixin Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jinghong Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jiale Chai
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China.
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12
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Madani M, Borandeh S, Teotia AK, Seppälä JV. Direct and Indirect Cationization of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Structure-Properties Relationship and Virus Capture Activity. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4397-4407. [PMID: 36464847 PMCID: PMC10565721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing public concern over hygiene, there have been many studies investigating antimicrobial and antiviral agents recently. With the aim of developing biobased virucidal/virus capture agents, we report a chemical modification of the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) surface with poly(2-dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt (Q-PDMAEA) to introduce the positively charged functional groups. The surface of CNCs was modified through direct and indirect graft polymerization. Subsequently, the direct and indirect cationization effect on the degree of functionalization, thermal stability, crystallinity, and antiviral activity of CNCs was investigated. Indirect cationization produced the highest degree of polymer grafting, increasing particle size and thermal stability. Further, the modified CNCs were tested for their ability to capture nonenveloped bacteriophages PhiX174 (ΦX174) and MS2. We observed a significant (>4.19 log10) reduction in total viral load by specific functionalized CNCs. However, the activity depended on the structure of functional groups, surface charge density, and the type of virus under study. Overall, the direct and indirect cationization of CNC leads to biobased agents with immobilized cationic charge, with good virus capture activity. Such agents can be used for various applications including textiles, packaging, wastewater treatment, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Madani
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Sedigheh Borandeh
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Arun Kumar Teotia
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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13
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Bai H, Hu S, Zhu H, Zhang S, Wang W, Dong W. Constructing a cellulose based chiral liquid crystal film with high flexibility, water resistance, and optical property. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126132. [PMID: 37543261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) derived from cellulose can form a liquid crystal film with bright structural color by evaporative-induced self-assembly (EISA). As a new class of photonic liquid crystals material, it has attracted much attention because of its intrinsic unique structural characteristics and excellent optical properties. However, the brittleness and water sensitivity of CNC film have hindered its practical application. Herein, multiple cross-linked networks CNC/(polyethylene glycol diacrylate:polyethylene oxide) (PEGDA:PEO) composite film was prepared through EISA and UV irradiation strategies. The as-prepared film exhibits high-flexibility with a fracture strain of up to 36.40 % and strong water resistance, with water absorption at an equilibrium of only 17.41 %. Moreover, the film retains its structural color in aqueous solution for a long time due to its water stability. The outstanding flexibility and water resistance of CNC composite film are attributed to multiple crosslinked networks (i.e. PEGDA, PEO, and PEDGA-PEO networks), which endow the film with excellent stress dispersion and transferability when stretched and limit film swelling in water without affecting chiral nematic structures of CNC. Overall, this work provides a promising strategy to prepare CNC-based film with high-flexibility, water resistance, and optical property for applications like decoration, sensor, and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Shuhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Shengwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Weifu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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14
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Calvo V, Fuentes L, Berdejo D, González-Domínguez JM, Maser WK, Benito AM. Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsions Stabilized with Nanostructured Biopolymers: A Venue for Templating Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13141. [PMID: 37685947 PMCID: PMC10487472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pickering emulsions (PEs) differ from conventional emulsions in the use of solid colloidal particles as stabilizing agents instead of traditional amphiphilic molecules. Nanostructured biopolymers (NBs) emerge as a promising alternative for PE stabilization owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, abundant availability, and low cost. To explore this potential, a study is herein presented, in which cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), both type I and type II allomorphs, and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were used for stabilizing oil-in-water PEs prepared by the use of ultrasound. Sunflower oil was selected as the oil phase as it offers the advantages of being edible, renewable, and inexpensive. By utilizing ζ-potential, static light diffraction, and visual observations, we determined the optimal oil/water ratio for each type of NB to obtain stable emulsions after 14 days. The optimized PEs were used to form bacterial nanocellulose composites through emulsion templating. To our knowledge, this study represents a pioneering work in exploiting oil-in-water PEs for this approach. Additionally, it entails the first utilization of nonmercerized type II CNCs as stabilizers for PEs, while also establishing a direct comparison among the most relevant NBs. The resulting composites exhibited a unique morphology, composed of larger pores compared to standard bacterial nanocellulose aerogels. These findings highlight the notable potential of NBs as stabilizers for PEs and their ability to generate green nanocomposites with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Calvo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.C.); (L.F.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Laura Fuentes
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.C.); (L.F.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Daniel Berdejo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - José M. González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.C.); (L.F.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Wolfgang K. Maser
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.C.); (L.F.); (W.K.M.)
| | - Ana M. Benito
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.C.); (L.F.); (W.K.M.)
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15
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Deng W, Chen H, Xiong J. Extracting dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals using choline chloride/urea-based deep eutectic solvents: A comparative study in NaIO 4 pre-oxidation and synchronous oxidation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125604. [PMID: 37392908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DCNC) are defined as C2 and C3 aldehyde nanocellulose, which can be used as raw materials for nanocellulose derivatization, owing to the high activity of aldehyde groups. Herein, a comparative study in NaIO4 pre-oxidation and synchronous oxidation is investigated for DCNC extraction via choline chloride (ChCl)/urea-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). Ring-liked DCNC with an average particle size of 118 ± 11 nm, a yield of 49.25 %, an aldehyde group content of 6.29 mmol/g, a crystallinity of 69 %, and rod-liked DCNC with an average particle size of 109 ± 9 nm, a yield of 39.40 %, an aldehyde group content of 3.14 mmol/g, a crystallinity of 75 % can be extracted via optimized DES treatment combined with pre-oxidation and synchronous oxidation, respectively. In addition, the average particle size, size distribution, and aldehyde group content of DCNC were involved. TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA results reveal the variation of microstructure, chemical structure, crystalline structure, and thermostability of two kinds of DCNC during extraction even though the obtained DCNC exhibiting different micromorphology, pre-oxidation, or synchronous oxidation during ChCl/urea-based DES treatment can be considered as an efficient approach for DCNC extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Wenhuan Deng
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical & Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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16
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Che M, Shan C, Huang R, Cui M, Qi W, Klemeš JJ, Su R. A rapid removal of Phaeocystis globosa from seawater by peroxymonosulfate enhanced cellulose nanocrystals coagulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115318. [PMID: 37531927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are recognized as promising bio-based flocculants for controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs). Due to the charge shielding effect in seawater and the strong mobility of algae cells, CNC can't effectively remove Phaeocystis globosa from seawater. To solve this problem, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was used to enhance the coagulation of CNC for rapidly removal of P. globosa. The results showed that 91.7% of Chl-a, 95.2% of OD680, and 97.2% of turbidity of P. globosa were reduced within 3 h with the use of 200 mg L-1 of CNC and 20 mg L-1 of PMS. The removal of P. globosa was consisted of inactivation and flocculation. Notably, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrums and quenching experiments revealed that the inactivation of P. globosa was dominated by PMS oxidation and 1O2. Subsequently, CNC entrained inactivated algal cells to settle to the bottom to achieve efficient removal of P. globosa. The content of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased significantly, indicating that a low emission risk of algal cell effluent was produced in the CNC-PMS system. In view of the excellent performance on P. globosa removal, we believe that the CNC-PMS system has great potential for HABs treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Cancan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, PR China.
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17
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Mamudu U, Hussin MR, Santos JH, Lim RC. Synthesis and characterisation of sulfated-nanocrystalline cellulose in epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of mild steel from sodium chloride solution. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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18
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Li X, Ding W, Wang S, Yang L, Yu Q, Xiao C, Chen G, Zhang L, Guan S, Sun D. Three-Dimensional Sulfated Bacterial Cellulose/Gelatin Composite Scaffolds for Culturing Hepatocytes. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0021. [PMID: 37223548 PMCID: PMC10202184 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the hub of human metabolism and involves many diseases. To better work on the mechanism and treatment of liver diseases, it is of particular interest to design 3-dimensional scaffolds suitable for culturing hepatocytes in vitro to simulate their metabolic and regenerative abilities. In this study, sulfated bacterial cellulose (SBC) was prepared as the building block of cell scaffolds, motivated by the anionic nature and 3-dimensional structure of hepatic extracellular matrix, and its reaction condition for sulfate esterification was optimized by changing the reaction time. The analysis and study of the microscopic morphology, structure, and cytocompatibility of SBCs showed that they possess good biocompatibility and meet the requirements for tissue engineering. Next, SBC was mixed with gelatin for composite scaffolds (SBC/Gel) for culturing hepatocytes by homogenization and freeze-drying methods, whose physical properties such as pore size, porosity, and compression properties were compared with gelatin (Gel) scaffolds as the control group, and the cytological activity and hemocompatibility of the composite scaffolds were investigated. The results showed that the SBC/Gel composite has better porosity and compression properties, as well as good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, and could be applied to 3-dimensional culture of hepatocytes for drug screening or liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Li
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weixiao Ding
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Luyu Yang
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Changji Xiao
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guangbo Chen
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shanyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongping Sun
- Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China
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19
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Kröger M, Badara O, Pääkkönen T, Schlapp-Hackl I, Hietala S, Kontturi E. Efficient Isolation Method for Highly Charged Phosphorylated Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1318-1328. [PMID: 36749901 PMCID: PMC10015457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has remained a marginal activity despite the undisputed application potential in flame-retardant materials, sustainable high-capacity ion-exchange materials, or substrates for biomineralization among others. This is largely due to strenuous extraction methods prone to a combination of poor reproducibility, low degrees of substitution, disappointing yields, and impractical reaction sequences. Here, we demonstrate an improved methodology relying on the modification routines for phosphorylated cellulose nanofibers and hydrolysis by gaseous HCl to isolate CNCs. This allows us to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings and to reliably and reproducibly extract phosphorylated CNCs with exceptionally high surface charge (∼2000 mmol/kg) in a straightforward routine that minimizes water consumption and maximizes yields. The CNCs were characterized by NMR, ζpotential, conductometric titration, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, wide-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kröger
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Olamide Badara
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Timo Pääkkönen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Inge Schlapp-Hackl
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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20
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Zhao X, Wang Q, Zhu G, Ma J, Lin N. Size effect of cellulose nanocrystals in cellular internalization and exosome-packaging exocytosis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Dufresne A. Preparation and Applications of Cellulose Nanomaterials. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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22
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Lam DN, Thien DVH, Nguyen CN, Nguyen NTT, Van Viet N, Van-Pham DT. Thermally stable cellulose nanospheres prepared from office waste paper by complete removal of hydrolyzed sulfate groups. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Gao M, Yue X, Ni Y. Redispersion of dried plant nanocellulose: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119830. [PMID: 35868740 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has undergone substantial development as a high value-added cellulose product with broad applications. Dried products are advantageous to decrease transportation costs. However, dried nanocellulose has redispersion challenges when rewetting. In this work, drying techniques, factors affecting redispersibility, and strategies improving the nanocellulose redispersibility are comprehensively reviewed. Hydrogen bonds of nanocellulose are unavoidably developed during drying, leading to inferior redispersibility of dried nanocellulose, even hornification. Drying processes of nanocellulose are discussed first. Then, factors affecting redispersibility are discussed. Following that, strategies improving the nanocellulose redispersibility are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Surface charge modification and steric hindrance concept are two main pathways to overcome the redispersion challenge, which are mainly carried out by chemical modification, additive incorporation and non-cellulosic component preservation. Despite several advancements having been achieved, new approaches for enhancing the nanocellulose redispersibility are still required to promote the industrial-scale applications of nanocellulose in various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Minlan Gao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Shaanxi Province Key Lab of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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Mittal N, Tien S, Lizundia E, Niederberger M. Hierarchical Nanocellulose-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Stable Na Electrodeposition in Sodium Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107183. [PMID: 35224853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium ion batteries (NIBs) based on earth-abundant materials offer efficient, safe, and environmentally sustainable solutions for a decarbonized society. However, to compete with mature energy storage technologies such as lithium ion batteries, further progress is needed, particularly regarding the energy density and operational lifetime. Considering these aspects as well as a circular economy perspective, the authors use biodegradable cellulose nanoparticles for the preparation of a gel polymer electrolyte that offers a high liquid electrolyte uptake of 2985%, an ionic conductivity of 2.32 mS cm-1 , and a Na+ transference number of 0.637. A balanced ratio of mechanically rigid cellulose nanocrystals and flexible cellulose nanofibers results in a mesoporous hierarchical structure that ensures close contact with metallic Na. This architecture offers stable Na plating/stripping at current densities up to ±500 µA cm-2 , outperforming conventional fossil-based NIBs containing separator-liquid electrolytes. Paired with an environmentally sustainable and economically attractive Na2 Fe2 (SO4 )3 cathode, the battery reaches an energy density of 240 Wh kg-1 , delivering 69.7 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at a rate of 1C. In comparison, Celgard in liquid electrolyte delivers only 0.6 mAh g-1 at C/4. Such gel polymer electrolytes may open up new opportunities for sustainable energy storage systems beyond lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Mittal
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sean Tien
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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25
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Chen H, Liu X, Zhang Q, Li P, Wu W. Ultrastable Water-dispersible One-dimensional Gold Nanoparticles@cellulose Nanocrystal. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Nanoengineering and green chemistry-oriented strategies toward nanocelluloses for protein sensing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102758. [PMID: 36037672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important functional organic macromolecules of life, proteins not only participate in the cell metabolism and gene regulation, they also earnestly protect the body's immunity system, leading to a powerful biological shield and homeostasis. Advances in nanomaterials are boosting the significant progress in various applications, including the sensing and examination of proteins in trace amount. Nanocellulose-oriented protein sensing is at the forefront of this revolution. The inherent feature of high biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, high specific area, good durability and marketability endow nanocellulose with great superiority in protein sensing. Here, we highlight the recent progress of protein sensing using nanocellulose as the biosensor in trace amount. Besides, various kinds of construction strategies for nanocelluloses-based biosensors are discussed in detail, to enhance the agility and accuracy of clinical/medical diagnostics. Finally, several challenges in the approbatory identification of new approaches for the marketization of biomedical sensing that need further expedition in the future are highlighted.
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27
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Szychlinska MA, Bucchieri F, Fucarino A, Ronca A, D’Amora U. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Insights into Naturally-Derived Bioinks from Land and Marine Sources. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:118. [PMID: 35997456 PMCID: PMC9397043 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the possibility to: (I) customize the shape and size of scaffolds, (II) develop highly mimicked tissues with a precise digital control, (III) manufacture complex structures and (IV) reduce the wastes related to the production process, are the main advantages of additive manufacturing technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Specifically, this technique, which uses suitable hydrogel-based bioinks, enriched with cells and/or growth factors, has received significant consideration, especially in cartilage tissue engineering (CTE). In this field of interest, it may allow mimicking the complex native zonal hyaline cartilage organization by further enhancing its biological cues. However, there are still some limitations that need to be overcome before 3D bioprinting may be globally used for scaffolds' development and their clinical translation. One of them is represented by the poor availability of appropriate, biocompatible and eco-friendly biomaterials, which should present a series of specific requirements to be used and transformed into a proper bioink for CTE. In this scenario, considering that, nowadays, the environmental decline is of the highest concerns worldwide, exploring naturally-derived hydrogels has attracted outstanding attention throughout the scientific community. For this reason, a comprehensive review of the naturally-derived hydrogels, commonly employed as bioinks in CTE, was carried out. In particular, the current state of art regarding eco-friendly and natural bioinks' development for CTE was explored. Overall, this paper gives an overview of 3D bioprinting for CTE to guide future research towards the development of more reliable, customized, eco-friendly and innovative strategies for CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ronca
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo D’Amora
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, 80125 Naples, Italy
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28
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Spagnuolo L, D'Orsi R, Operamolla A. Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200204. [PMID: 36000154 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has received enormous scientific interest for its abundance, easy manufacturing, biodegradability, and low cost. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are ideal candidates to replace plastic coating in the textile and paper industry. Thanks to their capacity to form an interconnected network kept together by hydrogen bonds, nanocelluloses perform an unprecedented strengthening action towards cellulose- and other fiber-based materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose use implies greener application procedures, such as deposition from water. The surface chemistry of nanocellulose plays a pivotal role in influencing the performance of the coating: tailored surface functionalization can introduce several properties, such as gas or grease barrier, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and anti-UV behavior. This review summarizes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose for paper and textile coating, evidencing critical aspects of coating performances related to deposition technique, nanocellulose morphology, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, beyond focusing on the aspects strictly related to large-scale coating applications for paper and textile industries, this review includes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose coating for the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, an extremely noble and interesting emerging application of nanocellulose, focusing on consolidation of historical paper and archaeological textile. Finally, nanocellulose use in electronic devices as an electrode modifier is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Rosarita D'Orsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.,Interuniversity Consortium of Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, Bari, 70126, Italy
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29
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do Nascimento DM, Nunes YL, Feitosa JPA, Dufresne A, Rosa MDF. Cellulose nanocrystals-reinforced core-shell hydrogels for sustained release of fertilizer and water retention. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:24-31. [PMID: 35780918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell (CS) hydrogels show great potential for the controlled release of fertilizers. In this work, we prepared an alginate-coated gelatin-cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) hydrogel by a simple layer-by-layer process. CNCs were prepared from cotton linter fibers by the sulfuric acid process. They were incorporated into the gelatin hydrogel, and an external alginate membrane was applied to the inner membrane. Compared to neat gelatin hydrogel, the compressive modulus of the nanocomposite with 5.0 wt% CNCs was enhanced by 288 %. In addition, the CS hydrogel showed a slow-release property and better water retention capacity than neat gelatin hydrogel. The main results of this work are listed below: compression test revealed that the addition of the CNC increases the mechanical properties of the hydrogel, and ii) the addition of a second layer of alginate to CNC-reinforced gelatin hydrogel increase the water retention and improve the sustained release of fertilizer. Our study provides easy and green routes to produce CS hydrogels for potential agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M do Nascimento
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Pici Campus, CP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Yana L Nunes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, CP 59078-900 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Judith P A Feitosa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-UFC, Pici Campus, CP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alain Dufresne
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Morsyleide de F Rosa
- Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, R. Dra. Sara Mesquita, CP 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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30
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Miao C, Mauran D, Hamad WY. How hydrogen-bonding interactions and nanocrystal aspect ratios influence the morphology and mechanical performance of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4572-4581. [PMID: 35678756 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00140c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is complicated by several factors, primarily CNC-polymer and polymer-polymer interactions. Our current work specifically seeks to address the effects of CNC geometry, CNC-polymer and polymer-polymer interactions on the structure and non-linear mechanical performance of nanocomposites prepared using two water-soluble polymers, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), having different morphological and structural characteristics. PEO and PVA are chosen since they are compatible with CNCs, however, they interact quite differently with CNCs and result in different reinforcement mechanisms. PEO and PVA interact with CNCs via a nucleating effect and H-bonding, which influence the polymer structure in two opposite directions. The nucleating effect tends to lead the polymer chains to form more ordered structures, whereas H-bonding interactions restrict the mobility of the polymer chains. Since PEO has weaker interactions amongst molecular chains than PVA, the properties of PEO are more significantly influenced by CNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Miao
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Damien Mauran
- Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 570 Saint-Jean Blvd, Pointe-Claire, QC, H9R 3J9, Canada.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2306 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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31
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Rai R, Dhar P. Biomedical engineering aspects of nanocellulose: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:362001. [PMID: 35576914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable biopolymer in nature and is present as major constituent in both plant cell walls as well as synthesized by some microorganisms as extracellular products. In both the systems, cellulose self-assembles into a hierarchical ordered architecture to form micro to nano-fibrillated structures, on basis of which it is classified into various forms. Nanocellulose (NCs) exist as rod-shaped highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibers, micro-fibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose (BC), depending upon the origin, structural and morphological properties. Moreover, NCs have been processed into diversified products ranging from composite films, coatings, hydrogels, aerogels, xerogels, organogels, rheological modifiers, optically active birefringent colored films using traditional-to-advanced manufacturing techniques. With such versatility in structure-property, NCs have profound application in areas of healthcare, packaging, cosmetics, energy, food, electronics, bioremediation, and biomedicine with promising commercial potential. Herein this review, we highlight the recent advancements in synthesis, fabrication, processing of NCs, with strategic chemical modification routes to tailor its properties for targeted biomedical applications. We also study the basic mechanism and models for biosynthesis of cellulose in both plant and microbial systems and understand the structural insights of NC polymorphism. The kinetics study for both enzymatic/chemical modifications of NCs and microbial growth behavior of BC under various reactor configurations are studied. The challenges associated with the commercial aspects as well as industrial scale production of pristine and functionalized NCs to meet the growing demands of market are discussed and prospective strategies to mitigate them are described. Finally, post chemical modification evaluation of biological and inherent properties of NC are important to determine their efficacy for development of various products and technologies directed for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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32
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Parker RM, Zhao TH, Frka-Petesic B, Vignolini S. Cellulose photonic pigments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3378. [PMID: 35697688 PMCID: PMC9192732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When pursuing sustainable approaches to fabricate photonic structures, nature can be used as a source of inspiration for both the nanoarchitecture and the constituent materials. Although several biomaterials have been promised as suitable candidates for photonic materials and pigments, their fabrication processes have been limited to the small to medium-scale production of films. Here, by employing a substrate-free process, structurally coloured microparticles are produced via the confined self-assembly of a cholesteric cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension within emulsified microdroplets. Upon drying, the droplets undergo multiple buckling events, which allow for greater contraction of the nanostructure than predicted for a spherical geometry. This buckling, combined with a solvent or thermal post-treatment, enables the production of dispersions of vibrant red, green, and blue cellulose photonic pigments. The hierarchical structure of these pigments enables the deposition of coatings with angular independent colour, offering a consistent visual appearance across a wide range of viewing angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tianheng H Zhao
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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33
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Shi Y, Jiao H, Sun J, Lu X, Yu S, Cheng L, Wang Q, Liu H, Biranje S, Wang J, Liu J. Functionalization of nanocellulose applied with biological molecules for biomedical application: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang L, Li P, Xiao H, Wu W. One-dimensional nanohybrids based on cellulose nanocrystals and their SERS performance. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Rosa RP, Ferreira FV, dos Santos DM, Lona LM. Cellulose nanocrystals as initiator of ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: Mathematical modeling and experimental verification. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Xie J, Jia D, Dirican M, Xia Y, Li C, Liu Y, Cui M, Yan C, Wan J, Liu H, Chen G, Zhang X, Tao J. Highly Foldable, Super-Sensitive, and Transparent Nanocellulose/Ceramic/Polymer Cover Windows for Flexible OLED Displays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16658-16668. [PMID: 35352547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer cover windows are important components of flexible OLED displays but they easily generate wrinkles because of their weak folding resistance. Increasing the polymer thickness can improve the folding resistance but it decreases the touch sensitivity. Thus, fabricating highly foldable and supersensitive polymer cover windows is still challenging. Here, by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and zirconia (ZrO2) into colorless polyimide (CPI), we developed a highly foldable and supersensitive hybrid cover window. Inspired by the theory of elasticity, we added rigid CNCs into CPI to improve the elastic modulus and hence the foldability. ZrO2 was introduced to improve dielectric properties, which leads to improved touch sensitivity. After these modifications, the elastic modulus of the cover windows was increased from 1432 to 2221 MPa, whereas its dielectric constant was increased from 2.95 to 3.46 (@1 × 106 Hz), resulting in significantly enhanced foldability and sensitivity. Meanwhile, because of the nano size of CNCs and ZrO2, the hybrid cover windows exhibit excellent optical properties with the transmittance of ∼88.1%@550 nm and haze of 2.39%. With improved and balanced mechanical, dielectric, and optical properties, these hybrid cover windows overcome current cover windows' defects and could be widely used in next-generation flexible displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xie
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongmei Jia
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mahmut Dirican
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Yi Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxing Li
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meng Cui
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chaoyi Yan
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Bengbu, Anhui 233010, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangwu Zhang
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Jinsong Tao
- State Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials, Bengbu, Anhui 233010, China
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37
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Das R, Lindström T, Sharma PR, Chi K, Hsiao BS. Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8936-9031. [PMID: 35330990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NC) are nature-based sustainable biomaterials, which not only possess cellulosic properties but also have the important hallmarks of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, versatile reactive sites or functionalities, and scaffolding stability to host inorganic nanoparticles. This class of nanomaterials offers new opportunities for a broad spectrum of applications for clean water production that were once thought impractical. This Review covers substantial discussions based on evaluative judgments of the recent literature and technical advancements in the fields of coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration for water decontamination through proper understanding of fundamental knowledge of NC, such as purity, crystallinity, surface chemistry and charge, suspension rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, and film stability. To supplement these, discussions on low-cost and scalable NC extraction, new characterizations including solution small-angle X-ray scattering evaluation, and structure-property relationships of NC are also reviewed. Identifying knowledge gaps and drawing perspectives could generate guidance to overcome uncertainties associated with the adaptation of NC-enabled water purification technologies. Furthermore, the topics of simultaneous removal of multipollutants disposal and proper handling of post/spent NC are discussed. We believe NC-enabled remediation nanomaterials can be integrated into a broad range of water treatments, greatly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel Das
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tom Lindström
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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38
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Illera-Perozo D, Gomez-Vega H, Ram M. Towards sustainable electrochemical energy storage: solution-based processing of polyquinone composites. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9416-9423. [PMID: 35424890 PMCID: PMC8985121 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01232d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous adoption of renewable energy sources and the proliferation of electric transportation technologies push towards sustainable energy storage solutions. Consequently, a solution-based up-scalable synthesis approach is developed for polymeric quinone composites with graphene. Cellulose nanocrystals play a vital role in achieving greener processing and improving the composite electrochemical energy storage performance. The synthesis method emphasizes using aqueous reaction media, incorporates low-cost and biomass-derived feedstocks, avoids critical or scarce materials, and maintains temperatures below 200 °C. Stable aqueous graphene dispersions were obtained by hydrothermal reduction of electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals. Dispersions served as a reaction medium for quinone cationic polymerization, leading to core–shell type structures of polymer-covered mono-to-few layer graphene, thanks to the nanosheet restacking prevention effect provided by cellulose nanocrystal dispersions. A sample consisting of 5 wt% cellulose nanocrystals and 5 wt% graphene achieved storage metrics of 720.5 F g−1 and 129.6 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1, retaining over 70% of the performance after 1000 charge/discharge cycles. A valid one-pot, low temperature and readily scalable aqueous processing route towards sustainable production of organic electrode-based battery/capacitive systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Illera-Perozo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Del Norte km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia Barranquilla Atlántico 081007 Colombia
| | - Humberto Gomez-Vega
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Del Norte km 5 Vía Puerto Colombia Barranquilla Atlántico 081007 Colombia
| | - Manoj Ram
- PolyMaterials APP, LLC Tampa FL 33612 USA
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39
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Droguet BE, Liang HL, Frka-Petesic B, Parker RM, De Volder MFL, Baumberg JJ, Vignolini S. Large-scale fabrication of structurally coloured cellulose nanocrystal films and effect pigments. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:352-358. [PMID: 34764430 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals are renewable plant-based colloidal particles capable of forming photonic films by solvent-evaporation-driven self-assembly. So far, the cellulose nanocrystal self-assembly process has been studied only at a small scale, neglecting the limitations and challenges posed by the continuous deposition processes that are required to exploit this sustainable material in an industrial context. Here, we addressed these limitations by using roll-to-roll deposition to produce large-area photonic films, which required optimization of the formulation of the cellulose nanocrystal suspension and the deposition and drying conditions. Furthermore, we showed how metre-long structurally coloured films can be processed into effect pigments and glitters that are dispersible, even in water-based formulations. These promising effect pigments are an industrially relevant cellulose-based alternative to current products that are either micro-polluting (for example, non-biodegradable microplastic glitters) or based on carcinogenic, unsustainable or unethically sourced compounds (for example, titania or mica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Droguet
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hsin-Ling Liang
- Nanomanufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Parker
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F L De Volder
- Nanomanufacturing Group, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Bio-inspired Photonics Group, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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40
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Chemin M, Moreau C, Cathala B, Villares A. Divergent growth of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-like branched polymers at the reducing end of cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 279:119008. [PMID: 34980353 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the growth of dendritic polymers at the reducing ends of cellulose nanocrystals by the "grafting from" approach. We took advantage of the chemically differentiated ends of cellulose nanocrystals to specifically synthesize dendrimers at their reducing end by the divergent approach. We used acid-amine coupling reactions in aqueous media to synthesize the carboxylic acid- or amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. The growth of dendrimer generations was monitored by UV and FTIR spectroscopies, and we successfully introduced up to 4 generations. The dendrimer growth at reducing ends was demonstrated by the nanocrystal adsorption driven by the peripheral amino groups onto gold surfaces. Hence, the results from quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) pointed to a rather upright orientation of the dendrimer-modified cellulose nanocrystals. As the generation increased, the adsorbed layers appeared to be more flexible, which demonstrated that the functionality at the reducing end can successfully tune the properties of cellulose nanocrystals.
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41
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Pingrey B, Hsieh YL. Sulfated Cellulose Nanofibrils from Chlorosulfonic Acid Treatment and Their Wet Spinning into High-Strength Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1269-1277. [PMID: 35148066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the proof of concept for a facile sulfation-disintegration approach toward generating sulfated cellulose nanofibrils (SCNF) via direct sulfation of rice straw cellulose with chlorosulfonic acid (HSO3Cl) followed by blending. The direct sulfation of cellulose with chlorosulfonic acid (HSO3Cl) was optimized at acid ratios of 1-1.5 HSO3Cl per anhydroglucose unit (AGU) and short reaction times (30-60 min) at ambient temperature to produce SCNF with tunable charges of 1.0-2.2 mmol/g, all in impressively high yields of 94-97%. SCNF were characterized via AFM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. SCNF lengths (L: 0.75-1.24 μm) and widths (W: 3.9-5.9 nm) decreased with harsher sulfation, while heights (H: 1.23-1.32 nm) remained relatively static. The SCNF had uniquely anisotropic cross sections (W/H: 3.0-4.7) and high aspect ratios (L/H: 568-984) while also exhibiting amphiphilicity, thixotropy, and shear thinning behaviors that closely followed a power law model. Aqueous SCNF dispersions could be wet spun into organic and mixed organic/ionic coagulants, producing continuous fibers possessing an impressively high tensile strength and Young's modulus of up to 675 ± 120 MPa and 26 ± 5 GPa, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pingrey
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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42
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Lu H, Zhang L, Yan M, Wang K, Jiang J. Screw extrusion pretreatment for high-yield lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) production from wood biomass and non-wood biomass. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118897. [PMID: 34893299 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop a facile and low-cost nanofibrils process with excellent feedstock adaptability, high-yield lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) are produced directly from wood and non-wood biomass using glycerol solvent via screw extrusion pretreatment. Different LCNFs are obtained from four classical raw materials (polar, pine, bamboo, and wheat straw) in this research, followed by comparing their morphological, thermochemical, and mechanical properties. More than 70 wt% of LCNF could be obtained from low-cost substrates except for LCNF from wheat straw with 62.3 wt% yield. Besides, the morphology property of wood LCNF exhibit more uniform distribution over that of non-wood LCNF due to narrower size distribution. Strikingly, despite of the slightly lower LCNF crystallinity various from 52.4% to 62.6% obtained from four substrates, all the LCNFs separated from wood and non-wood biomass exhibit high thermal stability (Tmax over 330 °C), which is higher than conventional nanocellulose, indicating that the crystal area could be well maintained during the pretreated process. Moreover, all the LCNF films show excellent tensile strength which is close to nanocellulose materials. Besides, the Young's modulus of wood-based LCNF films is higher than that of non-wood based LCNF films. Overall, LCNF with excellent performance could be achieved from low-cost biomass by our facile process, which provides a feasible route for industrial production of bio-based nanofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Lu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering of State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering of State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering of State Administration of Forestry and Grassland, Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China.
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43
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Wohlhauser S, Rader C, Weder C. Facile Method to Determine the Molecular Weight of Polymer Grafts Grown from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:699-707. [PMID: 35029986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges associated with the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymers by surface-initiated polymerization is the characterization of the resulting products, notably the molecular weight of the grafts. The solid nature of the (modified) CNC nanoparticles limits the possibility to apply solution-based characterization techniques, and the cleavage of the macromolecules from the surface of the CNCs to enable their characterization using solution-based techniques is intricate. Here, we report that 1H NMR spectroscopy of the supernatant of the heterogeneous reaction mixture can be used to approximate the molecular weight of poly(hexyl methacrylate) grafts grown from the surface of CNCs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. This was achieved using 1H NMR spectra to determine the monomer conversion from the change of the relative ratio of monomer and solvent signals in the 1H NMR spectra, which in turn allowed determining the weight of PHMA produced. The number-average molecular weight of the grafted polymer was then estimated by assuming that standard atom transfer radical polymerization kinetics are at play and using the initiator concentration on the CNC surface determined by elemental analysis. The method was validated by comparing the results with the gravimetric data and the data of free polymers that were synthesized with a sacrificial initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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44
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Seidi F, Yazdi MK, Jouyandeh M, Habibzadeh S, Munir MT, Vahabi H, Bagheri B, Rabiee N, Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR. Crystalline polysaccharides: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118624. [PMID: 34742405 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradability and mechanical properties of polysaccharides are dependent on their architecture (linear or branched) as well as their crystallinity (size of crystals and crystallinity percent). The amount of crystalline zones in the polysaccharide significantly governs their ultimate properties and applications (from packaging to biomedicine). Although synthesis, characterization, and properties of polysaccharides have been the subject of several review papers, the effects of crystallization kinetics and crystalline domains on the properties and application have not been comprehensively addressed. This review places focus on different aspects of crystallization of polysaccharides as well as applications of crystalline polysaccharides. Crystallization of cellulose, chitin, chitosan, and starch, as the main members of this family, were discussed. Then, application of the aforementioned crystalline polysaccharides and nano-polysaccharides as well as their physical and chemical interactions were overviewed. This review attempts to provide a complete picture of crystallization-property relationship in polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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45
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Guidetti G, Frka-Petesic B, Dumanli AG, Hamad WY, Vignolini S. Effect of thermal treatments on chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal films. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118404. [PMID: 34420763 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the optical appearance of materials is essential in virtually all products and areas of technology. Structurally coloured chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films proved to be an excellent platform to design optical appearance, as their response can be moulded by organising them in hierarchical architectures. Here, we study how thermal treatments influence the optical appearance of structurally coloured CNC films. We demonstrate that the CNCs helicoidal architecture and the chiral optical response can be maintained up to 250 °C after base treatment and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, while, alternatively, an exposure to vacuum allows for the helicoidal arrangement to be further preserved up to 900 °C, thus producing aromatic chiral carbon. The ability to retain the helicoidal arrangement, and thus the visual appearance, in CNC films up to 250 °C is highly desirable for high temperature colour-based industrial applications and for passive colorimetric heat sensors. Similarly, the production of chiral carbon provides a new type of conductive carbon for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidetti
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahu G Dumanli
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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46
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Xie L, Zhang Y, Huang A, Zhou J, Lin N, Lu X. Electrostatic Adsorption and Cytotoxity of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Loading Trace Metal Elements. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100318. [PMID: 34773451 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is the rod-like nano-object derived from natural cellulose with the features of low toxicity and good biocompatibility, widely used as the functional additive and nanomaterial in the biomedicine. Two negatively charged cellulose nanocrystals, CNC and TO-CNC (surface oxidized CNC), are prepared by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and further surface oxidization. Based on electrostatic adsorption, five trace metal elements (TMEs) including cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) are loaded on the surface of two nanocrystals as the biocompatible nanocarriers. The adsorbed contents of TMEs on two nanocrystals are affected by their surface charge densities and the complexes can keep stability under three varied pH conditions. Two cell lines, viz. human nasopharyngeal cancer cell and normal human bronchial epithelial cell, are selected for the investigation of cytotoxity of these TME-loaded nanocrystals at the concentration range of 0.1-500 µg mL-1 . The high concentrations of TME-loaded nanocrystals will induce the inhibition of cells activity and proliferation, particularly for Pb2+ - and Cd2+ -loaded nanocrystals. The cancer cell generally exhibits more sensitivity of cytotoxity to these metal elements than the normal cell, which may be potentially used as the activity inhibitor for specific cells in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P. R. China
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47
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Luo Y, Ye Z, Liao S, Wang F, Shao J. Mechanically Tunable Spongy Graphene/Cellulose Nanocrystals Hybrid Aerogel by Atmospheric Drying and Its Adsorption Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5961. [PMID: 34683553 PMCID: PMC8537567 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For expanding applications of spongy graphene aerogels (GAs) cost-effectively, we report a marriage of the two-step hydrothermal reduction and atmospheric drying method to fabricate a spongy CNC-graphene aerogel (CNG) with oil/water selectivity and tunable mechanical strength by a low-cost and straightforward approach. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with CNC by the ice-templated method can give rise to forming the hierarchical structure of hybrid GAs within the PUS network. Meanwhile, the fractured structure of PUS with a pre-compressive step arouses more versatility and durability, involving its selective and high-volume absorbability (up to 143%). The enhanced elastic modulus and more significant swelling effect than pure sponge materials give it a high potential for durable wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jianmei Shao
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Y.); (S.L.); (F.W.)
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48
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Operamolla A, Mazzuca C, Capodieci L, Di Benedetto F, Severini L, Titubante M, Martinelli A, Castelvetro V, Micheli L. Toward a Reversible Consolidation of Paper Materials Using Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44972-44982. [PMID: 34519207 PMCID: PMC8461603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An innovative consolidation strategy for degraded paper is presented based on the reversible application of cellulose nanocrystals as sustainable fillers to reinforce mechanical properties and resistance to further degradation. The compatibility and efficacy of the proposed consolidation treatment are assessed first on pure cellulose paper, used as a model, by reliable techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, tensile tests, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, evidencing the influence of the surface functionalization of nanocellulose on the consolidation and protection effects. Then, the consolidation technique is applied to real aged paper samples from Breviarium romanum ad usum Fratrum Minorum S.P. (1738), demonstrating the promising potential of the suggested approach. Amperometric measurements, carried out with a smart electrochemical tool developed in our laboratory, demonstrate the reversibility of the proposed treatment by removal of the nanocrystalline cellulose from the paper surface with a suitable cleaning hydrogel. This completely new feature of the consolidation treatment proposed here satisfies a pivotal requisite in cultural heritage conservation because the methodological requirement for the ″reversibility″ of any conservation measure is a fundamental goal for restorers. A paper artifact, in fact, is subject to a number of natural and man-made hazards, inducing continuous degradation. With time, monitoring and consolidation actions need to be often performed to ensure conservation, and this tends to modify the status quo and compromise the artifact integrity. Removable treatments can potentially avoid erosion of the artifact integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzuca
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Unità
CSGI (Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a grande
Interfase) di Roma, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Capodieci
- Laboratory
for Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications
(SSPT-PROMAS-MATAS), ENEA − Italian National Agency for New
Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, S.S. 7 Appia km 706, I-72100 Brindisi, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Benedetto
- Laboratory
for Functional Materials and Technologies for Sustainable Applications
(SSPT-PROMAS-MATAS), ENEA − Italian National Agency for New
Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, S.S. 7 Appia km 706, I-72100 Brindisi, Italy
| | - Leonardo Severini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Titubante
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Roma ″Sapienza″, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Valter Castelvetro
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università
degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Unità
CSGI (Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a grande
Interfase) di Roma, Via
della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00173 Rome, Italy
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49
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Delepierre G, Vanderfleet OM, Niinivaara E, Zakani B, Cranston ED. Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals Part II: New Industrially Produced Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8393-8409. [PMID: 34250804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The demand for industrially produced cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has been growing since 2012, when CelluForce Inc. opened its inaugural demonstration plant with a production capacity of 1 tonne per day. Currently, there are 10 industrial CNC producers worldwide, each producing a unique material. Thus, academic researchers and commercial users alike must consider the properties of all available CNCs and carefully select the material which will optimize the performance of their desired application. To support these efforts, this article presents a thorough characterization of four new industrially produced CNCs including sulfated CNCs from NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd. (in cooperation with InnoTech Alberta and Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc.) and Melodea Ltd., as well as carboxylated CNCs from Anomera Inc. and Blue Goose Biorefineries Inc. These materials were benchmarked against typical lab-made, sulfated CNCs. While all CNCs were similar in size, shape, crystallinity, and suspension quality, the sulfated CNCs had a higher surface charge density than their carboxylated counterparts, leading to higher colloidal stability. Additionally, significant differences in the rheological profiles of aqueous CNC suspensions, as well as CNC thermal stability and self-assembly behavior, were observed. As such, this article highlights both the subtle and significant differences between five CNC types and acts as a guide for end-users looking to optimize the performance of CNC-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Delepierre
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Oriana M Vanderfleet
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-0076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Behzad Zakani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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50
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Yang Y, Lu YT, Zeng K, Heinze T, Groth T, Zhang K. Recent Progress on Cellulose-Based Ionic Compounds for Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000717. [PMID: 32270900 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycans play important roles in all major kingdoms of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide on the Earth, plays a predominant role for mechanical stability in plants, and finds a plethora of applications by humans. Beyond traditional use, biomedical application of cellulose becomes feasible with advances of soluble cellulose derivatives with diverse functional moieties along the backbone and modified nanocellulose with versatile functional groups on the surface due to the native features of cellulose as both cellulose chains and supramolecular ordered domains as extractable nanocellulose. With the focus on ionic cellulose-based compounds involving both these groups primarily for biomedical applications, a brief introduction about glycoscience and especially native biologically active glycosaminoglycans with specific biomedical application areas on humans is given, which inspires further development of bioactive compounds from glycans. Then, both polymeric cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose-based compounds synthesized as versatile biomaterials for a large variety of biomedical applications, such as for wound dressings, controlled release, encapsulation of cells and enzymes, and tissue engineering, are separately described, regarding the diverse routes of synthesis and the established and suggested applications for these highly interesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tung Lu
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Kui Zeng
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldt Straße 10, Jena, D-07743, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Department Biomedical Materials, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, Trubetskaya Street 8, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kai Zhang
- Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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