1
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Debruyne A, Okkelman IA, Heymans N, Pinheiro C, Hendrix A, Nobis M, Borisov SM, Dmitriev RI. Live Microscopy of Multicellular Spheroids with the Multimodal Near-Infrared Nanoparticles Reveals Differences in Oxygenation Gradients. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12168-12186. [PMID: 38687976 PMCID: PMC11100290 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of hypoxia, nutrients, metabolite gradients, and other hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment within 3D multicellular spheroid and organoid models represents a challenging analytical task. Here, we report red/near-infrared (NIR) emitting cell staining with O2-sensitive nanoparticles, which enable measurements of spheroid oxygenation on a conventional fluorescence microscope. Nanosensor probes, termed "MMIR" (multimodal infrared), incorporate an NIR O2-sensitive metalloporphyrin (PtTPTBPF) and deep red aza-BODIPY reference dyes within a biocompatible polymer shell, allowing for oxygen gradient quantification via fluorescence ratio and phosphorescence lifetime readouts. We optimized staining techniques and evaluated the nanosensor probe characteristics and cytotoxicity. Subsequently, we applied nanosensors to the live spheroid models based on HCT116, DPSCs, and SKOV3 cells, at rest, and treated with drugs affecting cell respiration. We found that the growth medium viscosity, spheroid size, and formation method influenced spheroid oxygenation. Some spheroids produced from HCT116 and dental pulp stem cells exhibited "inverted" oxygenation gradients, with higher core oxygen levels than the periphery. This contrasted with the frequently encountered "normal" gradient of hypoxia toward the core caused by diffusion. Further microscopy analysis of spheroids with an "inverted" gradient demonstrated metabolic stratification of cells within spheroids: thus, autofluorescence FLIM of NAD(P)H indicated the formation of a glycolytic core and localization of OxPhos-active cells at the periphery. Collectively, we demonstrate a strong potential of NIR-emitting ratiometric nanosensors for advanced microscopy studies targeting live and quantitative real-time monitoring of cell metabolism and hypoxia in complex 3D tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela
C. Debruyne
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina A. Okkelman
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent
Light
Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina Heymans
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cláudio Pinheiro
- Laboratory
of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and
Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer
Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory
of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and
Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer
Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Max Nobis
- Intravital
Imaging Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- Tissue
Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure
and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent
Light
Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Huang L, Han G. Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion-mediated photochemical reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:238-255. [PMID: 38514833 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a method for harnessing high-energy excited states from low-energy photons. Such photons, particularly in the red and near-infrared wavelength ranges, can penetrate tissue deeply and undergo less competitive absorption in coloured reaction media, enhancing the efficiency of large-scale reactions and in vivo phototherapy. Among various upconversion methodologies, the organic-based triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) stands out - demonstrating high upconversion efficiencies, requiring low excitation power densities and featuring tunable absorption and emission wavelengths. These factors contribute to improved photochemical reactions for fields such as photoredox catalysis, photoactivation, 3D printing and immunotherapy. In this Review, we explore concepts and design principles of organic TTA-UC-mediated photochemical reactions, highlighting notable advancements in the field, as well as identify challenges and propose potential solutions. This Review sheds light on the potential of organic TTA-UC to advance beyond the traditional photochemical reactions and paves the way for research in various fields and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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3
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Deng Z, Zhang J, Zhou J, Shen W, Zuo Y, Wang J, Yang S, Liu J, Chen Y, Chen CC, Jia G, Alam P, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Dynamic Transition between Monomer and Excimer Phosphorescence in Organic Near-Infrared Phosphorescent Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311384. [PMID: 38178607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Achieving efficient near-infrared room-temperature phosphorescence of purely organic phosphors remains scarce and challenging due to strong nonradiative decay. Additionally, the investigation of triplet excimer phosphorescence is rarely reported, despite the fact that excimer, a special emitter commonly formed in crystals with strong π-π interactions, can efficiently change the fluorescent properties of compounds. Herein, a series of dithienopyrrole derivatives with low triplet energy levels and stable triplet states, exhibiting persistent near-infrared room-temperature phosphorescence, is developed. Via the modification of halogen atoms, the crystals display tunable emissions of monomers from 645 to 702 nm, with a maximum lifetime of 3.68 ms under ambient conditions. Notably, excimer phosphorescence can be switched on at low temperatures, enabled by noncovalent interactions rigidifying the matrix and stabilizing triplet excimer. Unprecedentedly, the dynamic transition process is captured between the monomer and excimer phosphorescence with temperature variations, revealing that the unstable triplet excimers in crystals with a tendency to dissociate can result in the effective quench of room-temperature phosphorescence. Excited state transitions across varying environments are elucidated, interpreting the structural dynamics of the triplet excimer and demonstrating strategies for devising novel near-infrared phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Deng
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yunfei Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junkai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guocheng Jia
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Parvej Alam
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
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4
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Qi F, Feng HJ, Peng Y, Jiang LH, Zeng L, Huang L. New Type Annihilator of π-Expanded Diketopyrrolopyrrole for Robust Photostable NIR-Excitable Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7512-7521. [PMID: 38318769 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared light excitable triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (NIR TTA-UC) materials have attracted interest in a variety of emerging applications such as photoredox catalysis, optogenetics, and stereoscopic 3D printing. Currently, the practical application of NIR TTA-UC materials requires substantial improvement in photostability. Here, we found that the new annihilator of π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrrole (π-DPP) cannot activate oxygen to generate superoxide anion via photoinduced electron transfer, and its electron-deficient characteristics prevent the singlet oxygen-mediated [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction; thus, π-DPP exhibited superior resistance to photobleaching. In conjunction with the NIR photosensitizer PdTNP, the upconversion efficiency of π-DPP is as high as 8.9%, which is eight times of the previously reported PdPc/Furan-DPP. Importantly, after polystyrene film encapsulation, less than 10% photobleaching was observed for this PdTNP/π-DPP-based NIR TTA-UC material after four hours of intensive NIR light exposure. These findings provide a type of annihilator with extraordinary photostability, facilitating the development of NIR TTA-UC materials for practical photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Juan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yi Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Han Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Le Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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5
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Song X, Liu H, Liu S, Li T, Lv L, Cui B, Wang T, Chen W, Chen Y, Li X. Enhancing Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion of Pyrene Derivatives for Photoredox Catalysis via Molecular Engineering. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302520. [PMID: 37877456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has the potential to enhance photoredox catalysis yield. It includes a sensitizer and an annihilator. Efficient and stable annihilators are essential for photoredox catalysis, yet only a few examples are reported. Herein, we designed four novel pyrene annihilators (1, 2, 3 and 4) via introducing aryl-alkynyl groups onto pyrene to systematically modulate their singlet and triplet energies. Coupled with platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP), the TTA-UC efficiency is enhanced gradually as the number of aryl-alkynyl group increases. When combining 4 with palladium tetraphenyl-tetrabenzoporphyrin (PdTPTBP), we achieved the highest red-to-green upconversion efficiency (22.4±0.3 %) (out of a 50 % maximum) so far. Then, this pair was used to activate photooxidation of aryl boronic acid under red light (630 nm), which achieved a great improved reaction yield compared to that activated by green light directly. The results not only provide a design strategy for efficient annihilators, but also show the advantage of applying TTA-UC into improving the photoredox catalysis yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, 250022, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Boce Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
- Department of Science, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 23874, 77842, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 266580, Qingdao, China
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6
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Wan S, Wang D, Cai M, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Chen S, Ye C, Song Y. Photochemically deoxygenating micelles for protecting TTA-UC against oxygen quenching. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13895-13898. [PMID: 37934457 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Pluronic F127, P123 and cross-linked F127 diacrylate micelles are photochemically deoxygenating nanocapsules in which oxygen could be removed by photochemical reaction with a surfactant and efficient triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) can be achieved in air. The efficiency of TTA-UC under air is comparable to that under deoxygenated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Dongxuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Mengqi Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Yizhong Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Shuoran Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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7
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Jeyaseelan R, Utikal M, Daniliuc CG, Næsborg L. Photocyclization by a triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion pair in water - avoiding UV-light and oxygen removal. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11040-11044. [PMID: 37860655 PMCID: PMC10583691 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a formal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of unsaturated ketones enabled by a green-to-ultraviolet triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) pair, using commercially available Ru(bpy)32+ and pyrene as sensitizer and annihilator, respectively. In the developed protocol, visible light irradiation at λmax = 520 nm allows for the reaction to proceed without the need for UV-light and the aqueous medium eliminates the need for oxygen removing protocols. Through this study, the application of the readily available upconversion pair is broadened to include cyclization reactions. We showcase the utility of the system by generating bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes that are valuable bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzenes, a promising motif for pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jeyaseelan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - M Utikal
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - C G Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - L Næsborg
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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8
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Henke P, Rindom C, Kanta Aryal U, Frydenlund Jespersen M, Broløs L, Mansø M, Turkovic V, Madsen M, Mikkelsen KV, Ogilby PR, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Imparting Stability to Organic Photovoltaic Components through Molecular Engineering: Mitigating Reactions with Singlet Oxygen. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202320. [PMID: 36897647 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One key challenge in the development of viable organic photovoltaic devices is to design component molecules that do not degrade during combined exposure to oxygen and light. Such molecules should thus remain comparatively unreactive towards singlet molecular oxygen and not act as photosensitizers for the generation of this undesirable species. Here, novel redox-active chromophores that combine these two properties are presented. By functionalizing indenofluorene-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (IF-TTFs) with cyano groups at the indenofluorene core using Pd-catalyzed cyanation reactions, we find that the reactivity of the exocyclic fulvene carbon-carbon double bonds towards singlet oxygen is considerably reduced. The new cyano-functionalized IF-TTFs were tested in non-fullerene acceptor based organic photovoltaic proof-of-principle devices, revealing enhanced device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Henke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Rindom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Um Kanta Aryal
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | | | - Line Broløs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads Mansø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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9
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Zhang J, Ruiz-Molina D, Novio F, Roscini C. Water-Stable Upconverting Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Transparent Films and Anticounterfeiting Patterns with Air-Stable Upconversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8377-8386. [PMID: 36722461 PMCID: PMC9940112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion (UC) based on triplet-triplet annihilation is a very promising phenomenon with potential application in several areas, though, due to the intrinsic mechanism, the achievement of diffusion-limited solid materials with air-stable UC is still a challenge. Herein, we report UC coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) combining sensitizer and emitter molecules especially designed with alkyl spacers that promote the amorphous character. Beyond the characteristic constraints of crystalline MOFs, amorphous CPNs facilitate high dye density and flexible ratio tunability. To show the universality of the approach, two types of UC-CPNs are reported, exhibiting highly photostable UC in two different visible spectral regions. Given their nanoscale, narrow size distribution, and good chemical/colloidal stability in water, the CPNs were also successfully printed as anticounterfeiting patterns and used to make highly transparent and photostable films for luminescent solar concentrators, both showing air-stable UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhang
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Claudio Roscini
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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A One-Dimensional Cu(I) Coordination Polymer with Optical Sensing of Oxygen and Temperature. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their tight structures, it is usually difficult for one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers (CPs) to form permanent pores unless 2D and 3D topologies are formed via supramolecular interactions, so studies in the field of oxygen sensing on 1D CPs are rarely reported. Here, we report a 1D Cu(I) cluster-based CP with dual sensing characteristics for temperature and oxygen. Even if the porosity is only 6.6%, the quenching rate of this CP reaches 98.4% with 1 bar O2 at room temperature. Its luminescence intensity exhibits a unique thermal “quenching, then activating” behavior during monotonic variations in temperature.
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11
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Shi H, Yao W, Ye W, Ma H, Huang W, An Z. Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence: From Material Design to Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3445-3459. [PMID: 36368944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic phosphorescence is defined as a radiative transition between the different spin multiplicities of an organic molecule after excitation; here, we refer to the photoexcitation. Unlike fluorescence, it shows a long emission lifetime (∼μs), large Stokes shift, and rich excited state properties, attracting considerable attention in organic electronics during the past years. Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP), a type of persistent luminescence in organic phosphors, shows an emission lifetime of over 100 ms normally according to the resolution limit of the naked eye. According to the Jablonski energy diagram, two prerequisites are necessary for UOP generation and enhancement. One is to promote intersystem crossing (ISC) of the excitons from the excited singlet to triplet states by enhancing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC); the other is to suppress the nonradiative transitions of the excitons from the excited triplet states.In this Account, we will give a summary of our research on ultralong organic phosphorescence, including the design of materials, manipulation of properties, fabrication of nano/microstructures, and function applications. First, we give a brief introduction to the UOP development. Then, we discuss the constructed methods of UOP materials from the inter/intramolecular interaction types, including π-π interactions, intermolecular hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and so on. These effective interactions can build a rigid environment to restrain the nonradiative transitions from the molecular motions or external quenching by oxygen, moisture, or heat, and thus enhance the UOP performance. Next, the manipulation of UOP properties, containing excitation wavelength, emission colors, lifetimes, and quantum efficiency (QE), through molecular or crystal engineering will be summarized. Recently, the excitation wavelengths of the materials for UOP can be regulated in different regions, such as UV, visible light, and X-ray; the emission colors of UOP can cover the whole visible-light region, from deep blue to red; the phosphorescence lifetime of UOP materials can reach 2.5 s, and the quantum efficiency can be achieved up to 96.5%. Moreover, we will present the fabrication of micro/nanoscale UOP materials, including the preparation of micro/nanostructure, optical performance, and device fabrication. Afterward, we will review the potential applications of UOP materials in organic/bio-optoelectronics, such as information encryption, bioimaging, sensing, afterglow display, etc. Finally, an outlook on the development of UOP materials and applications will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Wenpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
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Zeng L, Huang L, Han J, Han G. Enhancing Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: From Molecular Design to Present Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2604-2615. [PMID: 36074952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion, the process of converting low-energy photons into high-energy ones, has been widely applied for solar energy conversion, photoredox catalysis, and various biological applications such as background-free bioimaging, cancer therapy, and optogenetics. Upconversion materials that are based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) are of particular interest due to their low excitation power requirements (e.g., ambient sunlight) and easily tunable excitation and emission wavelengths. Despite advances that have been made with respect to TTA upconversion (TTA-UC) in the past decade, several challenges remain for near-infrared light-activatable triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (NIR TTA-UC). These challenges include low upconversion quantum yield, small anti-Stokes shift, and incompatibility with oxygen, the latter of which seriously limits the practical applications of NIR TTA-UC.This Account will summarize the recent research endeavors to address the above-mentioned challenges and the recent new applications. The first part of this Account highlights recent strategies of molecular design to modulate the excited states of photosensitizers and annihilators, two key factors to determine TTA-UC performance. Novel molecular engineering strategies such as the resonance energy transfer method, dimerization of dye units, and the helix twist molecular structure have been proposed to tune the excited states of photosensitizers. The obtained photosensitizers exhibited enhanced absorption of deep tissue penetrable near-infrared (NIR) light, produced a triplet excited state with elevated energy level and prolonged lifetime, and promoted intersystem crossing, leading to an upgraded TTA-UC system with significantly expanded anti-Stokes shift. With respect to the annihilator, the perylene derivatives were systematically explored, and their attached aromatic groups were found to be the key to adjusting the energy levels of both the triplet and singlet excited states. The resultant optimal TTA-UC system exhibits the highest recorded efficiency among NIR TTA-UC systems.Moreover, to resolve the oxygen-induced TTA-UC quenching, enzymatic reactions were recently introduced. More specifically, the glucose oxidase-catalyzed glucose oxidation reaction showed the ability to rapidly consume oxygen to turn on the TTA-UC luminescence in an aqueous solution. The resultant TTA-UC nanoparticle was able to detect glucose and an enzyme related to glucose metabolism in a highly specific, sensitive, and background-free manner. Further, the upconverted singlet excited state of the annihilator was directly utilized as the catalyst or the excited substrate. For example, the modification of annihilators and drug molecules with photolabile linkages can realize the long wavelength light-induced photolysis. Compared to direct short-wavelength-driven photolysis, this sensitized TTA photolysis (TTAP) exhibits superior reaction yield and lower photodamage, which are important in the release of drugs for tumor treatment in vivo. Moreover, the improved upconversion efficiency can enable the successful coupling of NIR TTA-UC with a visible light absorbing photocatalyst for NIR-driven photoredox catalysis. Compared to direct visible-light photocatalysis, TTA-UC mediated NIR photoredox catalysis showed superior product yield especially in large scale reaction systems owing to the deep penetration power of NIR light. More interestingly, among a few promising technology applications, three-dimensional (3D) printing based on photopolymerization can operate with faster speed and energy-input several orders of magnitude lower when the two-photon polymerization is replaced with TTA-UC mediated polymerization. We believe this Account will spur interest in the further development and application of TTA-UC in the areas of energy, chemistry, material science, and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Upconversion Nanostructures Applied in Theranostic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169003. [PMID: 36012269 PMCID: PMC9409402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconversion (UC) nanostructures, which can upconvert near-infrared (NIR) light with low energy to visible or UV light with higher energy, are investigated for theranostic applications. The surface of lanthanide (Ln)-doped UC nanostructures can be modified with different functional groups and bioconjugated with biomolecules for therapeutic systems. On the other hand, organic molecular-based UC nanostructures, by using the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) UC mechanism, have high UC quantum yields and do not require high excitation power. In this review, the major UC mechanisms in different nanostructures have been introduced, including the Ln-doped UC mechanism and the TTA UC mechanism. The design and fabrication of Ln-doped UC nanostructures and TTA UC-based UC nanostructures for theranostic applications have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, the current progress in the application of UC nanostructures for diagnosis and therapy has been summarized, including tumor-targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy, image-guided diagnosis and phototherapy, NIR-triggered controlled drug releasing and bioimaging. We also provide insight into the development of emerging UC nanostructures in the field of theranostics.
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Parisi C, Longobardi G, Graziano ACE, Fraix A, Conte C, Quaglia F, Sortino S. A molecular dyad delivered by biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles for combined PDT and NO-PDT in cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106050. [PMID: 35907377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, photochemical properties, and biological evaluation of a novel molecular dyad with double photodynamic action and its formulation within biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are reported. A BODIPY-based singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizer (PS) and a nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (NOPD) based on an amino-nitro-benzofurazan moiety have been covalently joined in a new molecular dyad, through a flexible alkyl spacer. Excitation of the dyad with visible light in the range 400-570 nm leads to the concomitant generation of the cytotoxic 1O2 and NO with effective quantum yields, being ΦΔ = 0.49 ± 0.05 and ΦNO = 0.18 ± 0.01, respectively. Besides, the non-fluorescent NOPD unit becomes highly fluorescent after the NO release, acting as an optical reporter for the NO photogenerated. The dyad is not soluble in water medium but can be effectively entrapped in water-dispersible, biodegradable polymeric NPs made of mPEG-PCL, ca. 66 nm in diameter. The polymeric nano-environment affects in an opposite way the photochemical performances of the dyad, reducing ΦΔ to 0.16 ± 0.02 and increasing ΦNO to 0.92 ± 0.03, respectively. The NPs effectively deliver the photoactive cargo into the cytoplasm of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A remarkable level of cell mortality is observed for the loaded NPs at very low concentrations of the dyad (1-5 µM) and very low light doses (≤0.8 J cm-2) more likely as the result of the combined photodynamic action of 1O2 and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Longobardi
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Adriana C E Graziano
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Conte
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, I-80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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15
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Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148041. [PMID: 35887385 PMCID: PMC9323209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a very promising technology that could be used to convert low-energy photons to high-energy ones and has been proven to be of great value in various areas. Porphyrins have the characteristics of high molar absorbance, can form a complex with different metal ions and a high proportion of triplet states as well as tunable structures, and thus they are important sensitizers for TTA-UC. Porphyrin-based TTA-UC plays a pivotal role in the TTA-UC systems and has been widely used in many fields such as solar cells, sensing and circularly polarized luminescence. In recent years, applications of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoinduced reactions have emerged, but have been paid little attention. As a consequence, this review paid close attention to the recent advances in the photoreactions triggered by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems. First of all, the photochemistry of porphyrin-based TTA-UC for chemical transformations, such as photoisomerization, photocatalytic synthesis, photopolymerization, photodegradation and photochemical/photoelectrochemical water splitting, was discussed in detail, which revealed the different mechanisms of TTA-UC and methods with which to carry out reasonable molecular innovations and nanoarchitectonics to solve the existing problems in practical application. Subsequently, photoreactions driven by porphyrin-based TTA-UC for biomedical applications were demonstrated. Finally, the future developments of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoreactions were briefly discussed.
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Thorning F, Henke P, Ogilby PR. Perturbed and Activated Decay: The Lifetime of Singlet Oxygen in Liquid Organic Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10902-10911. [PMID: 35686951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, O2(a1Δg), the lowest excited electronic state of molecular oxygen, plays an important role in a range of chemical and biological processes. In liquid solvents, the reactions of singlet oxygen with a solute kinetically compete with solvent-mediated deactivation that yields the ground electronic state of oxygen, O2(X3Σg-). In this regard, the key parameter is the solvent-mediated lifetime of singlet oxygen, which embodies fundamental physical principles ranging from intermolecular interactions that perturb the forbidden O2(a1Δg) → O2(X3Σg-) transition to the transfer of oxygen's excitation energy into the vibrational modes of a solvent molecule M. Extensive research performed by the global community on this oxygen-related issue over the past ∼50 years reflects its significance. Unfortunately, a satisfactory quantitative understanding of this unique solvent effect has remained elusive thus far. In temperature-dependent studies, we have quantified the singlet oxygen lifetime in common aromatic and aliphatic organic solvents, including partially deuterated molecules that exploit the H/D solvent isotope effect on the lifetime. We now account for experimental data, including previously intractable data, using a model that exploits both weak and strong coupling in the M-O2 complex to accommodate the roles that M plays to (1) induce the forbidden O2(a1Δg) → O2(X3Σg-) transition and (2) accept the excitation energy of O2(a1Δg). As such, our approach brings us appreciably closer to an accurate and predictive ab initio solution for the long-standing oxygen-dependent problem that, in turn, should be relevant for a host of other molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petr Henke
- Chemistry Department, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Chemistry Department, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Poisson J, Hudson ZM. Luminescent Surface‐Tethered Polymer Brush Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200552. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Carrod AJ, Cravcenco A, Ye C, Börjesson K. Modulating TTA efficiency through control of high energy triplet states. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:4923-4928. [PMID: 35433005 PMCID: PMC8944256 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc05292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An ideal annihilator in triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) can achieve a maximum of 50% quantum efficiency. This spin statistical limit depends on the energies of the triplet states of the annihilator molecule, with only 20% quantum efficiencies possible in less-optimal energy configurations (E T2 ≤ 2E T1 ). Our work utilises three perylene analogues substituted with phenyl in sequential positions. When substituted in the bay position the isomer displays drastically lowered upconversion yields, which can be explained by the system going from an ideal to less-ideal energy configuration. We further concluded position 2 is the best site when functionalising perylene without a wish to affect its photophysics, thus demonstrating how molecular design can influence upconversion quantum efficiencies by controlling the energetics of triplet states through substitution. This will in turn help in the design of molecules that maximise upconversion efficiencies for materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Carrod
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| | - Alexei Cravcenco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University Uppsala 752 36 Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg 41296 Sweden
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Liang Z, Yan X, Cui H, Xie H, Li H, Yan D, Ye C, Wang X, Tao X. Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion from Ru(II) Phenanthroline Complexes and 2‐Substituted Anthracene Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuo‐Qin Liang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Xu Yan
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Hao Cui
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Huan‐Ran Xie
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Hui Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Dong Yan
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Chang‐Qing Ye
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Xiao‐Mei Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible & Printing Optoelectronic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Xu‐Tang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
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Yan X, Peng H, Xiang Y, Wang J, Yu L, Tao Y, Li H, Huang W, Chen R. Recent Advances on Host-Guest Material Systems toward Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104073. [PMID: 34725921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design and characterization of purely organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials for optoelectronic applications is currently the focus of research in the field of organic electronics. Particularly, with the merits of preparation controllability and modulation flexibility, host-guest material systems are encouraging candidates that can prepare high-performance RTP materials. By regulating the interaction between host and guest molecules, it can effectively control the quantum efficiency, luminescent lifetime, and color of host-guest RTP materials, and even produce RTP emission with stimuli-responsive features, holding tremendous potential in diverse applications such as encryption and anti-counterfeiting, organic light-emitting diodes, sensing, optical recording, etc. Here a roundup of rapid achievement in construction strategies, molecule systems, and diversity of applications of host-guest material systems is outlined. Intrinsic correlations between the molecular properties and a survey of recent significant advances in the development of host-guest RTP materials divided into three systems including rigid matrix, exciplex, and sensitization are presented. Providing an insightful understanding of host-guest RTP materials and offering a promising platform for high throughput screening of RTP systems with inherent advantages of simple material preparation, low-cost, versatile resource, and controllably modulated properties for a wide range of applications is intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zhang Y, He C, de La Harpe K, Goodwin PM, Petty JT, Kohler B. A single nucleobase tunes nonradiative decay in a DNA-bound silver cluster. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:094305. [PMID: 34496579 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA strands are polymeric ligands that both protect and tune molecular-sized silver cluster chromophores. We studied single-stranded DNA C4AC4TC3XT4 with X = guanosine and inosine that form a green fluorescent Ag10 6+ cluster, but these two hosts are distinguished by their binding sites and the brightness of their Ag10 6+ adducts. The nucleobase subunits in these oligomers collectively coordinate this cluster, and fs time-resolved infrared spectra previously identified one point of contact between the C2-NH2 of the X = guanosine, an interaction that is precluded for inosine. Furthermore, this single nucleobase controls the cluster fluorescence as the X = guanosine complex is ∼2.5× dimmer. We discuss the electronic relaxation in these two complexes using transient absorption spectroscopy in the time window 200 fs-400 µs. Three prominent features emerged: a ground state bleach, an excited state absorption, and a stimulated emission. Stimulated emission at the earliest delay time (200 fs) suggests that the emissive state is populated promptly following photoexcitation. Concurrently, the excited state decays and the ground state recovers, and these changes are ∼2× faster for the X = guanosine compared to the X = inosine cluster, paralleling their brightness difference. In contrast to similar radiative decay rates, the nonradiative decay rate is 7× higher with the X = guanosine vs inosine strand. A minor decay channel via a dark state is discussed. The possible correlation between the nonradiative decay and selective coordination with the X = guanosine/inosine suggests that specific nucleobase subunits within a DNA strand can modulate cluster-ligand interactions and, in turn, cluster brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Chen He
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, USA
| | - Kimberly de La Harpe
- Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado 80840, USA
| | - Peter M Goodwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop K771, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, USA
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Duan S, Uragami C, Horiuchi K, Hino K, Wang XF, Sasaki SI, Tamiaki H, Hashimoto H. Hydroquinone redox mediator enhances the photovoltaic performances of chlorophyll-based bio-inspired solar cells. Commun Chem 2021; 4:118. [PMID: 36697644 PMCID: PMC9814249 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) derivatives have recently been proposed as photoactive materials in next-generation bio-inspired solar cells, because of their natural abundance, environmental friendliness, excellent photoelectric performance, and biodegradability. However, the intrinsic excitation dynamics of Chl derivatives remain unclear. Here, we show sub-nanosecond pump-probe time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of Chl derivatives both in solution and solid film states. We observe the formation of triplet-excited states of Chl derivatives both in deoxygenated solutions and in film samples by adding all-trans-β-carotene as a triplet scavenger. In addition, radical species of the Chl derivatives in solution were identified by adding hydroquinone as a cation radical scavenger and/or anion radical donor. These radical species (either cations or anions) can become carriers in Chl-derivative-based solar cells. Remarkably, the introduction of hydroquinone to the film samples enhanced the carrier lifetimes and the power conversion efficiency of Chl-based solar cells by 20% (from pristine 1.29% to 1.55%). This enhancement is due to a charge recombination process of Chl-A+/Chl-D-, which is based on the natural Z-scheme process of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Duan
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China ,Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuen University, Sanda, Hyogo Japan ,grid.411587.e0000 0001 0381 4112School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuen University, Sanda, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kota Horiuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuen University, Sanda, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kazuki Hino
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuen University, Sanda, Hyogo Japan
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shin-ichi Sasaki
- grid.419056.f0000 0004 1793 2541Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga Japan ,grid.262576.20000 0000 8863 9909Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- grid.262576.20000 0000 8863 9909Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuen University, Sanda, Hyogo Japan
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23
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Kim S, Martínez Dibildox A, Aguirre-Soto A, Sikes HD. Exponential Amplification Using Photoredox Autocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11544-11553. [PMID: 34288684 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exponential molecular amplification such as the polymerase chain reaction is a powerful tool that allows ultrasensitive biodetection. Here, we report a new exponential amplification strategy based on photoredox autocatalysis, where eosin Y, a photocatalyst, amplifies itself by activating a nonfluorescent eosin Y derivative (EYH3-) under green light. The deactivated photocatalyst is stable and rapidly activated under low-intensity light, making the eosin Y amplification suitable for resource-limited settings. Through steady-state kinetic studies and reaction modeling, we found that EYH3- is either oxidized to eosin Y via one-electron oxidation by triplet eosin Y and subsequent 1e-/H+ transfer, or activated by singlet oxygen with the risk of degradation. By reducing the rate of the EYH3- degradation, we successfully improved EYH3--to-eosin Y recovery, achieving efficient autocatalytic eosin Y amplification. Additionally, to demonstrate its flexibility in output signals, we coupled the eosin Y amplification with photoinduced chromogenic polymerization, enabling sensitive visual detection of analytes. Finally, we applied the exponential amplification methods in developing bioassays for detection of biomarkers including SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, an antigen used in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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24
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Wang Z, Sun Q, Liu B, Kuang Y, Gulzar A, He F, Gai S, Yang P, Lin J. Recent advances in porphyrin-based MOFs for cancer therapy and diagnosis therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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25
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Bennison M, Collins AR, Zhang B, Evans RC. Organic Polymer Hosts for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems. Macromolecules 2021; 54:5287-5303. [PMID: 34176961 PMCID: PMC8223484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a process by which a lower energy photon can be upconverted to a higher energy state. The incorporation of TTA-UC materials into solid-state hosts has enabled advances in solar energy and many other applications. The choice of host system is, however, far from trivial and often calls for a careful compromise between characteristics such as high molecular mobility, low oxygen diffusion, and high material stability, factors that often contradict one another. Here, we evaluate these challenges in the context of the state-of-the-art of primarily polymer hosts and the advantages they hold in terms of material selection and tunability of their diffusion or mechanical or thermal properties. We encourage more collaborative research between polymer scientists and photophysicists in order to further optimize the current systems and outline our thoughts for the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel C. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and
Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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26
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Huang L, Le T, Huang K, Han G. Enzymatic enhancing of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion by breaking oxygen quenching for background-free biological sensing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1898. [PMID: 33772017 PMCID: PMC7997900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest due to their promises in organic chemistry, solar energy harvesting and several biological applications. However, triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion in aqueous solutions is challenging due to sensitivity to oxygen, hindering its biological applications under ambient atmosphere. Herein, we report a simple enzymatic strategy to overcome oxygen-induced triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion quenching. This strategy stems from a glucose oxidase catalyzed glucose oxidation reaction, which enables rapid oxygen depletion to turn on upconversion in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, self-standing upconversion biological sensors of such nanoparticles are developed to detect glucose and measure the activity of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in a highly specific, sensitive and background-free manner. This study not only overcomes the key roadblock for applications of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, it also establishes the proof-of-concept to develop triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles as background free self-standing biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Timmy Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
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27
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Beucher H, Kumar S, Kumar R, Merino E, Hu WH, Stemmler G, Cuesta-Galisteo S, González JA, Bezinge L, Jagielski J, Shih CJ, Nevado C. Phosphorescent κ 3 -(N^C^C)-Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Photophysics, Computational Studies and Application to Solution-Processable OLEDs. Chemistry 2020; 26:17604-17612. [PMID: 32780903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficient OLED devices have been fabricated using organometallic complexes of platinum group metals. Still, the high material cost and low stability represent central challenges for their application in commercial display technologies. Based on its innate stability, gold(III) complexes are emerging as promising candidates for high-performance OLEDs. Here, a series of alkynyl-, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)- and aryl-gold(III) complexes stabilized by a κ3 -(N^C^C) template have been prepared and their photophysical properties have been characterized in detail. These compounds exhibit good photoluminescence quantum efficiency (ηPL ) of up to 33 %. The PL emission can be tuned from sky-blue to yellowish green colors by variations on both the ancillary ligands as well as on the pincer template. Further, solution-processable OLED devices based on some of these complexes display remarkable emissive properties (ηCE 46.6 cd.A-1 and ηext 14.0 %), thus showcasing the potential of these motifs for the low-cost fabrication of display and illumination technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Beucher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Estíbaliz Merino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Hsu Hu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Stemmler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Cuesta-Galisteo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge A González
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Jagielski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH-Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Buglak AA, Filatov MA, Hussain MA, Sugimoto M. Singlet oxygen generation by porphyrins and metalloporphyrins revisited: A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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29
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Fallon KJ, Churchill EM, Sanders SN, Shee J, Weber JL, Meir R, Jockusch S, Reichman DR, Sfeir MY, Congreve DN, Campos LM. Molecular Engineering of Chromophores to Enable Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19917-19925. [PMID: 33174728 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is an unconventional photophysical process that yields high-energy photons from low-energy incident light and offers pathways for innovation across many technologies, including solar energy harvesting, photochemistry, and optogenetics. Within aromatic organic chromophores, TTA-UC is achieved through several consecutive energy conversion events that ultimately fuse two triplet excitons into a singlet exciton. In chromophores where the singlet exciton is roughly isoergic with two triplet excitons, the limiting step is the triplet-triplet annihilation pathway, where the kinetics and yield depend sensitively on the energies of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states. Herein we report up to 40-fold improvements in upconversion quantum yields using molecular engineering to selectively tailor the relative energies of the lowest singlet and triplet excited states, enhancing the yield of triplet-triplet annihilation and promoting radiative decay of the resulting singlet exciton. Using this general and effective strategy, we obtain upconversion yields with red emission that are among the highest reported, with remarkable chemical stability under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealan J Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emily M Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - John L Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Rinat Meir
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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30
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Huang L, Wu W, Li Y, Huang K, Zeng L, Lin W, Han G. Highly Effective Near-Infrared Activating Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion for Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18460-18470. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing School of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Le Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Wenhai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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31
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Nam SK, Kim K, Kang JH, Moon JH. Dual-sensitized upconversion-assisted, triple-band absorbing luminescent solar concentrators. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17265-17271. [PMID: 32400778 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrator-photovoltaic systems (LSC-PV) harvest solar light by using transparent photoluminescent plates, which is expected to be particularly useful for building-integrated PV applications. LSC panels that absorb multiple wavelength bands are required to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, we demonstrate a pair of downshift LSC and photon upconversion (UC) LSC, absorbing triple bands (violet, green, and red light). The UC is obtained by energy transfer and triplet-triplet annihilation between sensitizer and emitter dyes. In particular, we exploit the dual sensitizer to obtain absorption of the dual wavelength band. The couple with the UC LSC obtains photoluminescence of a single visible wavelength band from the LSC, which enables the use of wide bandgap solar cells to absorb it. Here, we apply mixed-cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high absorption coefficients, especially at visible wavelengths. In our triple-band-absorbing LSC-PSC, we achieve a maximum PCE of 8.99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Kyung Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Bharmoria P, Bildirir H, Moth-Poulsen K. Triplet-triplet annihilation based near infrared to visible molecular photon upconversion. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6529-6554. [PMID: 32955529 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation based molecular photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is an exciting research area for a broad range of photonic applications due to its tunable spectral range and possible operation at non-coherent solar irradiance. Most of the TTA-UC studies are limited to Visible to Visible (Vis to Vis) energy upconversion. However, for several practical photonic applications, efficient near infrared (NIR) to Vis upconversion is preferred. Examples include, (i) photovoltaics where TTA-UC could lead to utilization of a larger part of the solar spectrum and (ii) in NIR stimulated biological applications where the deep penetration and non-invasive nature of NIR light coupled to TTA-UC offers new opportunities. Although, NIR to Vis TTA-UC is known since 2007, the recent five years have witnessed quite a progress in terms of the development of new chromophores, hybrid systems and fabrication techniques to increase the UC quantum yield at low excitation intensity. With this tutorial review we are reviewing recent progress, identifying existing challenges and discus possible future directions and opportunities.
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33
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Sasikumar D, John AT, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Access to the triplet excited states of organic chromophores. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6122-6140. [PMID: 32794539 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, exploring the pathways to access the triplet excited states of organic chromophores has been a stimulating area of research. Among the numerous photoinduced processes in organic chromophores, analysis of intersystem crossing (ISC) dynamics has received immense attention. The ISC process involves a spin-forbidden horizontal transition from an excited singlet state to a higher vibrational level of the isoenergetic triplet state. Generally, ISC necessitates a strong driving force from efficient spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between the singlet and triplet wavefunctions. The magnitude of SOC can be tuned by the substituent groups (e.g. heavy atoms, carbonyl moieties) or by the out-of-plane vibrational modes in the chromophores. Besides the SOC induced ISC pathway, triplet excited states are also realised in organic chromophores through singlet fission or via charge recombination. Accessing the triplet manifold in π-conjugated systems would also include a possible evolution to more aromatically stable configurations in the excited states, an emerging area that needs attention. In the aforesaid mechanisms, the molecular architecture and/or packing arrangement of the chromophores are vital for the effective population of triplet states. We, herein, present a collection of synthetic, spectroscopic and theoretical investigations that provide insights into the diverse pathways to access triplet excited states in organic chromophores. We believe this tutorial review would prove beneficial for researchers to achieve triplet excited states of organic chromophores for numerous biochemical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Athira T John
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST-PRESTO Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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35
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Wan S, Zhou H, Lin J, Lu W. A Prototype of a Volumetric Three‐Dimensional Display Based on Programmable Photo‐Activated Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8416-8420. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Wan
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hongqi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jinxiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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36
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Wan S, Zhou H, Lin J, Lu W. A Prototype of a Volumetric Three‐Dimensional Display Based on Programmable Photo‐Activated Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Wan
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Hongqi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jinxiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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37
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Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Stimuli-Responsive Molecular Photon Upconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10252-10264. [PMID: 32092207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The addition of stimuli-responsiveness to anti-Stokes emission provides a unique platform for biosensing and chemosensing. Particularly, stimuli-responsive photon upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is promising due to its occurrence at low excitation intensity with high efficiency. This Minireview summarizes the recent developments of TTA-UC switching by external stimuli such as temperature, oxygen, chemicals, light, electric field, and mechanical force. For the systematic understanding of the underlying general mechanisms, the switching mechanisms are categorized into four types: 1) aggregation-induced UC; 2) assembly-induced air-stable UC; 3) diffusion-controlled UC; and 4) energy-transfer-controlled UC. The development of stimuli-responsive smart TTA-UC systems would enable sensing with unprecedented sensitivity and selectivity, and expand the scope of TTA-UC photochemistry by combination with supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, mechanochemistry, and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,JST-PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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38
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Gharaati S, Wang C, Förster C, Weigert F, Resch‐Genger U, Heinze K. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in a MOF with Acceptor-Filled Channels. Chemistry 2020; 26:1003-1007. [PMID: 31670422 PMCID: PMC7027809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion has enjoyed increased interest in the last years due to its high potential for solar-energy harvesting and bioimaging. A challenge for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) processes is to realize these features in solid materials without undesired phase segregation and detrimental dye aggregation. To achieve this, we combine a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and a 9,10-diphenylanthracene annihilator within a crystalline mesoporous metal-organic framework using an inverted design. In this modular TTA system, the framework walls constitute the fixed sensitizer, while caprylic acid coats the channels providing a solventlike environment for the mobile annihilator in the channels. The resulting solid material shows green-to-blue delayed upconverted emission with a luminescence lifetime of 373±5 μs, a threshold value of 329 mW cm-2 and a triplet-triplet energy transfer efficiency of 82 %. The versatile design allows straightforward changing of the acceptor amount and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Gharaati
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for, Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Str. 1112489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Florian Weigert
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for, Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Str. 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for, Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Str. 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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Wang Z, Jia T, Sun Q, Kuang Y, Liu B, Xu M, Zhu H, He F, Gai S, Yang P. Construction of Bi/phthalocyanine manganese nanocomposite for trimodal imaging directed photodynamic and photothermal therapy mediated by 808 nm light. Biomaterials 2020; 228:119569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Kuncewicz J, Dąbrowski JM, Kyzioł A, Brindell M, Łabuz P, Mazuryk O, Macyk W, Stochel G. Perspectives of molecular and nanostructured systems with d- and f-block metals in photogeneration of reactive oxygen species for medical strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Nazarova N, Avlasevich Y, Landfester K, Baluschev S. All‐Optical Temperature Sensing in Organogel Matrices via Annihilation Upconversion. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri Avlasevich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
| | | | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Mainz 55128 Germany
- Optics and Spectroscopy Department Faculty of PhysicsSofia University “Saint Kliment Ochridski” Sofia 1164 Bulgaria
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42
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Huang L, Kakadiaris E, Vaneckova T, Huang K, Vaculovicova M, Han G. Designing next generation of photon upconversion: Recent advances in organic triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2019; 201:77-86. [PMID: 30802685 PMCID: PMC6467534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) nanoparticles have emerged as exciting therapeutic agents and imaging probes in recent years due to their unique chemical and optical properties such as outstanding biocompatibility and low power excitation density. In this review, we focus on the latest breakthroughs in such new version of upconversion nanoparticle, including their design, preparation, and applications. First, we will discuss the key principles and design concept of these organic-based photon upconversion in regard to the methods of selection of the related triplet TTA dye pairs (photosensitizer and emitter). Then, we will discuss the recent approaches s to construct TTA-UCNPs including silica TTA-UCNPs, lipid-coated TTA-UCNPs, polymer encapsulated TTA-UCNPs, nano-droplet TTA-UCNPs and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed TTA-UCNPs. In addition, the applications of TTA-UCNPs will be discussed. Finally, we will discuss the challenges posed by current TTA-UCNP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States
| | - Eugenia Kakadiaris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States
| | - Tereza Vaneckova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States.
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43
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Choi D, Nam SK, Kim K, Moon JH. Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting through Bismuth Vanadate with a Photon Upconversion Luminescent Reflector. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6891-6895. [PMID: 30937999 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As the performance of photoanodes for solar water splitting steadily improves, the extension of the absorption wavelength in the photoanodes is highly necessary to substantially improve the water splitting. We use a luminescent back reflector (LBR) capable of photon upconversion (UC) to improve the light harvesting capabilities of Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrodes. The LBR is prepared by dispersing the organic dye pair meso-tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphine palladium and perylene capable of triplet-triplet annhilation-based UC in a polymer film. The LBR converts the wavelengths of 600-650 nm corresponding to the sub-band gap of Mo:BiVO4 and the wavelengths of 350-450 nm that are not sufficiently absorbed in Mo:BiVO4 to a wavelength that can be absorbed by a Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrode. The LBR improves the water splitting reaction of Mo:BiVO4 photoelectrodes by 17 %, and consequently, the Mo:BiVO4 /LBR exhibits a photocurrent density of 5.25 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. The Mo:BiVO4 /LBR exhibits hydrogen/oxygen evolution corresponding to the increased photocurrent density and long-term operational stability for the water splitting reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyung Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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Choi D, Nam SK, Kim K, Moon JH. Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting through Bismuth Vanadate with a Photon Upconversion Luminescent Reflector. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyung Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringSogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
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45
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Bharmoria P, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Recent Progress in Photon Upconverting Gels. Gels 2019; 5:gels5010018. [PMID: 30917611 PMCID: PMC6473564 DOI: 10.3390/gels5010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the development of gels showing triplet-triplet annihilation based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is reviewed. Among the two families of upconverting gels reported, those display TTA-UC based on molecular diffusion show performances comparable to those in solutions, and the TTA-UC therein are affected by dissolved molecular oxygen. Meanwhile, air-stable TTA-UC is achieved in organogels and hydrogels by suitably accumulating TTA-UC chromophores which are stabilized by hydrogen bonding networks of the gelators. The unique feature of the air-stable upconverting gels is that the self-assembled nanostructures are protected from molecular oxygen dissolved in the microscopically interconnected solution phase. The presence of the bicontinuous structures formed by the upconverting fibrous nanoassemblies and the solution phase is utilized to design photochemical reaction systems induced by TTA-UC. Future challenges include in vivo applications of hydrogels showing near infrared-to-visible TTA-UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bharmoria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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46
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Huang HY, Cai KB, Talite MJ, Chou WC, Chen PW, Yuan CT. Coordination-induced emission enhancement in gold-nanoclusters with solid-state quantum yields up to 40% for eco-friendly, low-reabsorption nano-phosphors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4053. [PMID: 30858497 PMCID: PMC6411768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have gained much attention as light-emitting materials for light-conversion nano-phosphors and luminescent solar concentrators. Unfortunately, those CQDs involve toxic heavy metals and frequently need to be synthesized in the hazardous organic solvent. In addition, they suffer from severe solid-state aggregation-induced self-quenching and reabsorption losses. To address these issues, here we prepare Zn-coordinated glutathione-stabilized gold-nanocluster (Zn-GSH-AuNCs) assemblies without involving heavy metals and organic solvent. Unlike GSH-AuNCs dispersed in an aqueous solution with poor photoluminescence quantum yields (PL-QYs, typically ~1%), those Zn-GSH-AuNCs powders hold high solid-state PL-QYs up to 40 ± 5% in the aggregated state. Such Zn-induced coordination-enhanced emission (CEE) is attributed to the combined effects of suppressed non-radiative relaxation and enhanced charge-transfer interaction. In addition, they also exhibit a large Stokes shift, thus mitigating both aggregation-induced self-quenching and reabsorption losses. Motivated by these photophysical properties, we demonstrated white-light emission from all non-toxic, aqueous-synthesis nano-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ying Huang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Bin Cai
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Wu-Ching Chou
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tsu Yuan
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Ravanfar R, Lawrence P, Kriner K, Abbaspourrad A. Catalyzed Oxidation of Carotenoids by Lactoperoxidase in the Presence of Ethanol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1742-1748. [PMID: 30675787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the lactoperoxidase system as a biocatalyst in milk was a landmark finding. The activation of this system using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) raised hopes for oxidation of various organic substrates. The involvement of lactoperoxidase system in the catalyzed-oxidation of carotenoids in the whey proteins, and the effect of various solvents on carotenoids' oxidation reaction rate has been studied. However, there is no evidence for this reaction without the addition of oxidizing agents, such as peroxides. Here, we reveal that carotenoids are oxidized through the addition of just ethanol in the presence of lactoperoxidase. The oxidation of carotenoids through this exquisite strategy is ∼360 times faster than harnessing the lactoperoxidase system in whey proteins via the addition of hydrogen peroxide. Bearing in mind that ethanol is not an oxidizing agent, this observation suggests a potential paradigm shift in our understanding of lactoperoxidase and catalyzed oxidation in biochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Ravanfar
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York United States
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York United States
| | - Kyle Kriner
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York United States
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York United States
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48
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Gmelch M, Thomas H, Fries F, Reineke S. Programmable transparent organic luminescent tags. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau7310. [PMID: 30746488 PMCID: PMC6358313 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A milestone in the field of organic luminescent labeling is reached, as fast and multiple (>40 cycles) printing of information onto any substrate in any size for very low costs is shown, resulting in rewritable high-resolution (>700 dpi) and high-contrast images. By making use of a simple device structure containing nothing but highly available materials, an ultrathin, flexible, and fully transparent layer stack was realized. Using light alone, any luminescent image can be printed into and erased from this layer contactless and without the need of any ink. Compared to existing approaches, the demonstrated concept represents a promising method for production of luminescent on-demand tags with the potential to supersede conventional labeling techniques in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gmelch
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heidi Thomas
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Fries
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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49
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Haruki R, Kouno H, Hosoyamada M, Ogawa T, Yanai N, Kimizuka N. Oligo(ethylene glycol)/alkyl-modified Chromophore Assemblies for Photon Upconversion in Water. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1723-1728. [PMID: 30600914 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a powerful means to construct nanoscale materials with advanced photophysical properties. Although the protection of the photo-excited states from oxygen quenching is a critical issue, it still has been in an early phase of development. In this work, we demonstrate that a simple and typical molecular design for aqueous supramolecular assembly, modification of the chromophoric unit with hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) chains and hydrophobic alkyl chains, is effective to avoid oxygen quenching of triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC). While a TTA-UC emission is completely quenched when the donor and acceptor are molecularly dispersed in chloroform, their aqueous co-assemblies exhibit a clear upconverted emission in air-saturated water even under extremely low chromophore concentrations down to 40 μm. The generalization of this nano-encapsulation approach offers new functions and applications using oxygen-sensitive species for supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Haruki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hironori Kouno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosoyamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taku Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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50
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Ma J, Chen S, Ye C, Li M, Liu T, Wang X, Song Y. A green solvent for operating highly efficient low-power photon upconversion in air. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14516-14520. [PMID: 31069357 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
d-Limonene, obtained from the rind of citrus fruits, was demonstrated as a green solvent to realize air-stable and highly efficient triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC). This natural low-toxic compound also contributed to noncoherent UC excited by a solar simulator in air, making TTA-UC materials promising candidates in solar energy and other practical applications. The rapid deoxygenating ability of d-limonene was thoroughly investigated. This system demonstrated very good UC performance for a fluid solution under ambient conditions. Besides, other eight types of terpene were also explored to enrich the alternatives for air-stable TTA-UC in protic and aprotic fluidic environments. This work provides a terpene-based protective platform for oxygen-sensitive TTA-UC applications ranging from life science to photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsuo Ma
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Shuoran Chen
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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