1
|
Omura T, Morisako S, Isoda K. Amino acid-appended pyromellitic diimide liquid materials, their photoluminescence, and the thermal response that turns the photoluminescence off. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39101276 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02229g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
We report a liquid material based on an L-valine-appended pyromellitic diimide framework. This liquid adopts a room-temperature liquid with Tg at -50 °C and can dissolve naphthalene derivatives to show various photoluminescent colors. Furthermore, the on/off photoluminescence of these solutions can be controlled by heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Omura
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shogo Morisako
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Isoda
- Organic Materials Chemistry Group, Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tateyama A, Nagura K, Yamanaka M, Nakanishi T. Alkyl-π Functional Molecular Gels: Control of Elastic Modulus and Improvement of Electret Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402874. [PMID: 38512717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of optoelectronically-active soft materials is drawing attention to the application of soft electronics. A room-temperature solvent-free liquid obtained by modifying a π-conjugated moiety with flexible yet bulky alkyl chains is a promising functional soft material. Tuning the elastic modulus (G') is essential for employing optoelectronically-active alkyl-π liquids in deformable devices. However, the range of G' achieved through the molecular design of alkyl-π liquids is limited. We report herein a method for controlling G' of alkyl-π liquids by gelation. Adding 1 wt % low-molecular-weight gelator formed the alkyl-π functional molecular gel (FMG) and increased G' of alkyl-π liquids by up to seven orders of magnitude while retaining the optical properties. Because alkyl-π FMGs have functional π-moieties in the gel medium, this new class of gels has a much higher content of π-moieties of up to 59 wt % compared to conventional π-gels of only a few wt %. More importantly, the gel state has a 23 % higher charge-retention capacity than the liquid, providing better performance in deformable mechanoelectric generator-electret devices. The strategy used in this study is a novel approach for developing next-generation optoelectronically-active FMG materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akito Tateyama
- Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nagura
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamanaka
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University (MPU), 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ogoshi T, Azuma S, Wada K, Tamura Y, Kato K, Ohtani S, Kakuta T, Yamagishi TA. Exciplex Formation by Complexation of an Electron-Accepting Guest in an Electron-Donating Pillar[5]arene Host Liquid. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9828-9835. [PMID: 38563366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel system, a liquid-state pillar[5]arene decorated with tri(ethylene oxide) chains, that brings electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules into proximity for efficient exciplex formation. The electron-accepting guests exhibit a blue-purple emission from a localized excited state upon excitation in common solvents. However, directly dissolving the guests in the electron-donating pillar[5]arene liquid (a bulk system) results in visible green emission from the formed exciplexes. In the bulk system, the guest molecules are always surrounded by excess pillar[5]arene molecules, resulting in the formation of mainly inclusion-type exciplexes. In the bulk system, energy migration occurs between the pillar[5]arene molecules. Excitation of the pillar[5]arenes results in a more intense green exciplex emission than that observed upon direct excitation of the guests. In summary, the pillar[5]arene liquid is a novel system for achieving efficient exciplex formation and energy migration that is different from typical solvent and solid systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shogo Azuma
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Tamura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kakuta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tada-Aki Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodriguez J, Lam K, Anwar TB, Bardeen CJ. Robust Supercooled Liquid Formation Enables All-Optical Switching Between Liquid and Solid Phases of TEMPO. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11266-11272. [PMID: 38497006 PMCID: PMC10938447 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic molecules that undergo supercooling can provide the basis for novel stimuli-responsive materials, but the number of such compounds is limited. Results in this paper show that the stable organic radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) can form a stable supercooled liquid (SCL). Upon melting and cooling back to room temperature, the TEMPO SCL can persist for months, even after mild physical agitation. Its high vapor pressure can enable crystal growth at remote locations within the sample container over the course of days. Optical, electron paramagnetic resonance, and birefringence measurements show no evidence of new chemical species or partially ordered phases in the supercooled liquid. TEMPO's free radical character permits absorption of visible light that can drive photothermal melting to form the SCL, while a single nanosecond light pulse can initiate recrystallization of the SCL at some later time. This capability enables all-optical switching between the solid and the SCL phases. The physical origin of TEMPO's remarkable stability as an SCL remains an open question, but these results suggest that organic radicals comprise a new class of molecules that can form SCLs with potentially useful properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
B. Rodriguez
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of California,
Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department
of Chemistry University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Touhid Bin Anwar
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher J. Bardeen
- Materials
Science and Engineering, University of California,
Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemistry University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wakchaure VC, Channareddy G, Babu SS. Solvent-Free Organic Liquids: An Efficient Fluid Matrix for Unexplored Functional Hybrid Materials. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:670-684. [PMID: 38350079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe invention of solvent-free organic liquids (SOLs) was serendipitous. However, the curiosity-driven research in the later stage delivered new soft materials with exciting optical, and optoelectronic properties along with appealing physical characteristics suitable for the futuristic applications. A slight change in the molecular design resulted in a drastic change in the physical state of molecules demonstrating monomer-like features in the bulk. The basic idea of core isolation has been successful in delivering new SOLs with attractive functional properties. The unique fluid matrix associated with SOLs offers a tremendous opportunity for making hybrid materials by simple mixing. The chance to study the fundamentally important electron transfer, energy transfer, charge transfer interactions, triplet-state emissions, and even detailed NMR experiments in the solvent-free neat state is the major attraction of SOLs. Usually, solvents and their polarity control such molecular properties, and in the case of SOLs, it avoids the use of solvents to study such fundamentally important properties. Besides, SOLs protect the triplet emitters and excited state processes involving triplet states from quenchers and make the analysis possible under ambient conditions.Our effort in this direction was focused on tuning the ground and excited state properties by transforming conventional organic molecules to SOLs and further value addition by preparing the hybrid SOLs. We developed a series of hybrid SOLs, exploring room-temperature phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, charge or energy transfer between donor and acceptor SOLs, selective explosive sensing, etc. A slight variation in the chemical structure or optoelectronic properties of the individual components imparted exciting optical features for the hybrid SOLs. It includes nonemissive charge transfer, tunable emission exciplex, room temperature phosphorescence, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence SOLs. The liquid matrix of donor SOLs accommodated varying amounts of acceptor SOLs to tune the ground and excited state features. In all examples of donor-acceptor-based hybrid SOLs, even a low amount of acceptor, such as a donor-acceptor ratio of 1000:1, can cause pronounced optical properties. Hence, the evaluation of the optical properties of SOLs, especially, in the absence of solvents is so special that it avoids the interference of solvent molecules. Still, the major drawback of SOLs remains unsolved until we report polymerizable SOLs. Although a large variety of SOLs have been reported in the literature, the long-lasting problem of surface stickiness of SOLs was resolved by polymerizable SOLs. It enabled the development of flexible, foldable, and stretchable large-area luminescent films suitable for lighting and display devices. In this Account, we summarize our work on SOLs, hybrid SOLs, polymerizable SOLs, and the application of SOLs in selective sensing of explosives. Finally, an outlook on the feasibility of luminescent polymerizable SOLs in futuristic applications is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chandrakant Wakchaure
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Goudappagouda Channareddy
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ikeshita M, Ichinose M, Tsuno T. Luminescent solvent-free liquids based on Schiff-base boron difluoride complexes with polyethylene glycol chains. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2178-2184. [PMID: 38351893 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01590d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A series of Schiff-base boron difluoride complexes with polyethylene glycol chains were synthesized and their photophysical properties were examined. These complexes maintained the solvent-free liquid state even at room temperature and their glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined to be around -40 °C. The complexes showed blue to yellow luminescence under UV irradiation in the solvent-free liquid state with good emission quantum yields (Φ) of up to 0.26. The luminescence colour could also be tuned by dissolving organic dyes in the blue luminescent liquid sample. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD) DFT calculations were performed to further understand the photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
| | - Miku Ichinose
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tsuno
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shaya J, Ribierre JC, Correia G, Dappe YJ, Mathevet F, Mager L, Heinrich B, Méry S. Control of the Organization of 4,4'-bis(carbazole)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) Molecular Materials through Siloxane Functionalization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052038. [PMID: 36903284 PMCID: PMC10003964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that through the introduction of short dimethylsiloxane chains, it was possible to suppress the crystalline state of CBP in favor of various types of organization, transitioning from a soft crystal to a fluid liquid crystal mesophase, then to a liquid state. Characterized by X-ray scattering, all organizations reveal a similar layered configuration in which layers of edge-on lying CBP cores alternate with siloxane. The difference between all CBP organizations essentially lay on the regularity of the molecular packing that modulates the interactions of neighboring conjugated cores. As a result, the materials show quite different thin film absorption and emission properties, which could be correlated to the features of the chemical architectures and the molecular organizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janah Shaya
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS, Strasbourg University, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-Charles Ribierre
- Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CEA CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gabriel Correia
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS, Strasbourg University, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick J. Dappe
- Service de Physique de l’État Condensé, CEA CNRS UMR 3680, Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), CNRS, Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Universty, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Loïc Mager
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS, Strasbourg University, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS, Strasbourg University, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS, Strasbourg University, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (B.H.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Torres-Huerta AL, Antonio-Pérez A, García-Huante Y, Alcázar-Ramírez NJ, Rueda-Silva JC. Biomolecule-Based Optical Metamaterials: Design and Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:962. [PMID: 36354471 PMCID: PMC9688573 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are broadly defined as artificial, electromagnetically homogeneous structures that exhibit unusual physical properties that are not present in nature. They possess extraordinary capabilities to bend electromagnetic waves. Their size, shape and composition can be engineered to modify their characteristics, such as iridescence, color shift, absorbance at different wavelengths, etc., and harness them as biosensors. Metamaterial construction from biological sources such as carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids represents a low-cost alternative, rendering high quantities and yields. In addition, the malleability of these biomaterials makes it possible to fabricate an endless number of structured materials such as composited nanoparticles, biofilms, nanofibers, quantum dots, and many others, with very specific, invaluable and tremendously useful optical characteristics. The intrinsic characteristics observed in biomaterials make them suitable for biomedical applications. This review addresses the optical characteristics of metamaterials obtained from the major macromolecules found in nature: carbohydrates, proteins and DNA, highlighting their biosensor field use, and pointing out their physical properties and production paths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Torres-Huerta
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México, Av. Lago de Guadalupe KM 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Cd. López Mateos, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico
| | - Aurora Antonio-Pérez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México, Av. Lago de Guadalupe KM 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Cd. López Mateos, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico
| | - Yolanda García-Huante
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Nayelhi Julieta Alcázar-Ramírez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México, Av. Lago de Guadalupe KM 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Cd. López Mateos, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Rueda-Silva
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Estado de México, Av. Lago de Guadalupe KM 3.5, Margarita Maza de Juárez, Cd. López Mateos, Atizapán de Zaragoza 52926, Mexico
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang G, Yu L, Chen J, Dong R, Godbert N, Li H, Hao J. Artificial Light-Harvesting System with White-Light Emission in a Bicontinuous Ionic Medium. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8999-9006. [PMID: 36149259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs), which are closely related to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), are among the most attractive scientific topics during the past few decades. Specifically, binary ALHSs that are composed of a fluid donor and acceptor have a simplified composition and high number density of the donor units. However, largely due to the difficulty in obtaining a fluid donor, investigation of these systems is still quite limited, especially for the ionic systems. Herein, we report a new type of binary ALHS using an ionic naphthalimide (NPI) derivative as a donor, which shows greatly improved photoluminescence for its bicontinuous liquid structure. When blending with an acceptor such as rhodamine 6G or trans-4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-methylpyridinium iodide, efficient FRET was confirmed by both experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations, with an energy transfer efficiency up to ∼90%. Tunable color, including white-light emission, was achieved by tuning the acceptor/donor ratio, opening the door for a variety of applications such as light-emitting diodes and photoluminescent inks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Longyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Renhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- MAT_INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici), Centro di Eccelenza CEMIF.CAL, LASCAMM CR-INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kistwal T, Mukhopadhyay A, Dasgupta S, Sharma KP, Datta A. Ultraslow Biological Water-Like Dynamics in Waterless Liquid Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4389-4393. [PMID: 35548934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-dependent fluorescence Stokes shift have been employed to elucidate dynamics in different time scales, ranging from picoseconds to nanoseconds, for human serum albumin, in its native and cationized forms as well as in the self-assembled complex of the cationized protein with the polymer surfactant (PS) glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether. The effect of crowding in this complex, especially in the waterless condition, is of prime importance in this context. Excellent correlation of the dynamics with the structures, obtained by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, has been observed. Slow solvation, associated classically with biological water, has been observed in these systems, even in the waterless condition. This apparently intriguing observation has been rationalized by the relaxation of segments of the protein and the PS in the microenvironment of the fluorescent probe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Kistwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anasua Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Souradip Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kamendra P Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mony J, Yu Y, Schäfer C, Mallick S, Kushwaha K, Börjesson K. Interplay between Polaritonic and Molecular Trap States. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:7965-7972. [PMID: 35592736 PMCID: PMC9109220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong exciton-photon coupling exhibits the possibility to modify the photophysical properties of organic molecules. This is due to the introduction of hybrid light-matter states, called polaritons, which have unique physical and optical properties. Those strongly coupled systems provide altered excited-state dynamics in comparison to the bare molecule case. In this study, we investigate the interplay between polaritonic and molecular trap states, such as excimers. The molecules used in this study show either prompt or delayed emission from trap states. For both cases, a clear dependency on the exciton-photon energy tuning was observed. Polaritonic emission gradually increased with a concurrent removal of aggregation-induced emission when the systems were tuned toward lower energies. For prompt emission, it is not clear whether the experimental results are best explained by a predominant relaxation toward the lower polariton after excitation or by a direct excimer to polariton transition. However, for the delayed emission case, trap states are formed on the initially formed triplet manifold, making it evident that an excimer-to-polariton transition has occurred. These results unveil the possibility to control the trap state population by creating a strongly coupled system, which may form a mitigation strategy to counteract detrimental trap states in photonic applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu R, Yu L, Zhang J, Yu H, Feng S, Xu XD. Facile construction of aggregation-induced emission molecular liquids via Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction for green fluorescent ink. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
Shaya J, Correia G, Heinrich B, Ribierre JC, Polychronopoulou K, Mager L, Méry S. Functionalization of Biphenylcarbazole (CBP) with Siloxane-Hybrid Chains for Solvent-Free Liquid Materials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010089. [PMID: 35011322 PMCID: PMC8746609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis of siloxane-functionalized CBP molecules (4,4′-bis(carbazole)-1,1′-biphenyl) for liquid optoelectronic applications. The room-temperature liquid state is obtained through a convenient functionalization of the molecules with heptamethyltrisiloxane chains via hydrosilylation of alkenyl spacers. The synthesis comprises screening of metal-catalyzed methodologies to introduce alkenyl linkers into carbazoles (Stille and Suzuki Miyaura cross-couplings), incorporate the alkenylcarbazoles to dihalobiphenyls (Ullmann coupling), and finally introduce the siloxane chains. The used conditions allowed the synthesis of the target compounds, despite the high reactivity of the alkenyl moieties bound to π-conjugated systems toward undesired side reactions such as polymerization, isomerization, and hydrogenation. The features of these solvent-free liquid CBP derivatives make them potentially interesting for fluidic optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janah Shaya
- IPCMS, CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (G.C.); (B.H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Gabriel Correia
- IPCMS, CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (G.C.); (B.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- IPCMS, CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (G.C.); (B.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Jean-Charles Ribierre
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
| | - Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
- Center for Catalysis and Separation, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Loïc Mager
- IPCMS, CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (G.C.); (B.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Stéphane Méry
- IPCMS, CNRS-Strasbourg University, UMR7504, 23 Rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France; (G.C.); (B.H.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Komura M, Ogawa T, Tani Y. Room-temperature phosphorescence of a supercooled liquid: kinetic stabilisation by desymmetrisation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14363-14368. [PMID: 34880986 PMCID: PMC8580009 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in a solvent-free liquid state is a challenging task because the liquid state provides a less rigid environment than the crystal. Here, we report that an unsymmetrical heteroaromatic 1,2-diketone forms an organic RTP liquid. This diketone exists as a kinetically stable supercooled liquid, which resists crystallisation even under pricking or shearing stresses, and remains as a liquid for several months. The unsymmetrical diketone core is flexible, with eight distinct conformers possible, which prevents nucleation and growth for the liquid-solid transition. Interestingly, the thermodynamically stable crystalline solid-state was non-emissive. Thus, the RTP of the diketone was found to be liquiefaction-induced. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that the diminished RTP of the crystal is due to insufficient intermolecular interactions and restricted access to an emissive conformer. Our work demonstrates that flexible unsymmetrical skeletons are promising motifs for bistable liquid-solid molecular systems, which are useful for the further development of stimuli-responsive materials that use phase transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Komura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Takuji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yosuke Tani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paradiz Dominguez M, Demirkurt B, Grzelka M, Bonn D, Galmiche L, Audebert P, Brouwer AM. Fluorescent Liquid Tetrazines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196047. [PMID: 34641592 PMCID: PMC8512366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrazines with branched alkoxy substituents are liquids at ambient temperature that despite the high chromophore density retain the bright orange fluorescence that is characteristic of this exceptional fluorophore. Here, we study the photophysical properties of a series of alkoxy-tetrazines in solution and as neat liquids. We also correlate the size of the alkoxy substituents with the viscosity of the liquids. We show using time-resolved spectroscopy that intersystem crossing is an important decay pathway competing with fluorescence, and that its rate is higher for 3,6-dialkoxy derivatives than for 3-chloro-6-alkoxytetrazines, explaining the higher fluorescence quantum yields for the latter. Quantum chemical calculations suggest that the difference in rate is due to the activation energy required to distort the tetrazine core such that the nπ*S1 and the higher-lying ππ*T2 states cross, at which point the spin-orbit coupling exceeding 10 cm-1 allows for efficient intersystem crossing to occur. Femtosecond time-resolved anisotropy studies in solution allow us to measure a positive relationship between the alkoxy chain lengths and their rotational correlation times, and studies in the neat liquids show a fast decay of the anisotropy consistent with fast exciton migration in the neat liquid films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Paradiz Dominguez
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Begüm Demirkurt
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Marion Grzelka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Laurent Galmiche
- PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France; (L.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France; (L.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Albert M. Brouwer
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.D.); (B.D.)
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takaishi K, Matsumoto T, Kawataka M, Ema T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence Liquids Based on Siloxybinaphthyls: Best Binaphthyl Dihedral Angle in the Excited State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9968-9972. [PMID: 33617100 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyls with trialkylsiloxy (OSiR3 ) groups were synthesized. Among them, 1 a-c possessing OSiR3 groups at the 7,7'-positions and methyl groups at the 2,2'-positions were liquids at room temperature, and the neat liquids showed circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) (R=Bu; Φfl,liquid =0.21, |glum,liquid |=1.6×10-3 ). The |glum,liquid | value is the highest of pure liquids. These compounds remained liquid over a broad range of temperatures, down to -50 °C. Time-dependent DFT calculations indicated that in the excited state, the binaphthyls adopt a transoid conformation with a small angle between the electric and magnetic transition dipole moments (θμ,m =77°), which is a key factor in their CPL activity. The best binaphthyl dihedral angle in the excited state is approximately 110°.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsumoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miyu Kawataka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Takaishi K, Matsumoto T, Kawataka M, Ema T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence Liquids Based on Siloxybinaphthyls: Best Binaphthyl Dihedral Angle in the Excited State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Tomoki Matsumoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Miyu Kawataka
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Isoda K, Orita Y. Stimuli-responsive Behaviors for Room-temperature Fluorescent Liquid Materials based on N-Heteroacenes and their Mixtures in Response to HCl Vapor and their Facile Synthesis. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:469-477. [PMID: 33162419 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scp05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on stimuli-responsive behaviors for room temperature fluorescent liquid materials based on N-heteroacene frameworks in response to HCl vapor. These liquid materials as well as their mixtures prepared by varying the combination can provide various emission colors and stimuli-responsive properties in liquid states. Also, we achieved an improvement in total synthetic yield (>40%) by redesigning the molecular structures of liquid materials as compared to previous liquid materials (<10%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University.,Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Yuya Orita
- Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bai X, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Zhao G, Jiang J, Yuan C, Liu M. Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Solvent-Free Chiral Organic π-Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3745-3751. [PMID: 33170551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solvent-free organic π-liquids have been attracting increasing attentions owing to the inherent optoelectronic properties accompanied by the advantages of non-volatility and high processability. Herein, we reported a series of naphthalene derivatives substituted with chiral branched alkyl chains, which are present as liquids (Nap1-3) or solid (Nap4) at room temperature, depending on the substitution positions. Circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were only observed for enantiomeric Nap2 (2,3-substituted) liquid. It is suggested that the chiral aggregation in the π-liquid leads to the CD signal and the chiral excimer resulting in the CPL performance. When achiral anthracene or pyrene was dissolved in Nap2, the π-liquid could serve as chirality and energy transfer media in which both CD and CPL emerged from the achiral anthracene. A CPL dissymmetry factor (|glum |) of anthracene reached to 5.2×10-2 when dissolved in chiral Nap2 liquid, which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure Nap2 π-liquid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenhuan Yuan
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akiyama Y, Mutoh Y, Isoda K. Asymmetric N-heteroacene liquid showing site-selective acid sensing. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
21
|
Wang D, Xin Y, Li X, Ning H, Wang Y, Yao D, Zheng Y, Meng Z, Yang Z, Pan Y, Li P, Wang H, He Z, Fan W. Transforming Metal-Organic Frameworks into Porous Liquids via a Covalent Linkage Strategy for CO 2 Capture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2600-2609. [PMID: 33403847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous liquids (PLs), an emerging kind of liquid materials with permanent porosity, have attracted increasing attention in gas capture. However, directly turning metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into PLs via a covalent linkage surface engineering strategy has not been reported. Additionally, challenges including reducing the cost and simplifying the preparation process are daunting. Herein, we proposed a general method to transform Universitetet i Oslo (UiO)-66-OH MOFs into PLs by surface engineering with organosilane (OS) and oligomer species via covalent bonding linkage. The oligomer species endow UiO-66-OH with superior fluidity at room temperature. Meanwhile, the resulting PLs showed great potential in both CO2 adsorption and CO2/N2 selective separation. The residual porosity of PLs was verified by diverse characterizations and molecular simulations. Besides, CO2 selective capture sites were determined by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation. Furthermore, the universality of the covalent linkage surface engineering strategy was confirmed using different classes of oligomer species and another MOF (ZIF-8-bearing amino groups). Notably, this strategy can be extended to construct other PLs by taking advantages of the rich library of oligomer species, thus making PLs promising candidates for further applications in energy and environment-related fields, such as gas capture, separation, and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yudeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyue Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Pan
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Li
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, P. R. China
| | - Hongni Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoshino K, Sakai H, Shoji Y, Kajitani T, Anetai H, Akutagawa T, Fukushima T, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. Room-Temperature Pentacene Fluids: Oligoethylene Glycol Substituent-Controlled Morphologies and Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11910-11918. [PMID: 33336576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first synthesis of solvent-free pentacene fluids at room temperature together with observation of singlet fission (SF). Three pentacenes with different number of ethylene glycol (EG) side chains (n) were employed (denoted as (EG)n-Pc-(EG)n: n = 2, 3, and 4). The morphologies of these pentacenes largely depend on the lengths of EG chains (n). (EG)3-Pc-(EG)3 and (EG)4-Pc-(EG)4 indicate fluid compounds at room temperature, whereas (EG)2-Pc-(EG)2 is a solid compound. Microscopic clustering with short-range interactions between pentacene chromophores was confirmed in X-ray diffraction profiles of solvent-free fluids. Such a structural trend is an important origin of SF and consistent with the steady-state spectroscopic results. To one's surprise, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that SF occurred in thin films prepared from solvent-free fluids of (EG)3-Pc-(EG)3 and (EG)4-Pc-(EG)4 in spite of such excessive EG chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Materials Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hayato Anetai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, Tampere FI33720, Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bai X, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Zhao G, Jiang J, Yuan C, Liu M. Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Solvent‐Free Chiral Organic π‐Liquids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Yimeng Sun
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenhuan Yuan
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) CAS Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) CAS Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Morisue M, Saito G, Sasada D, Umeyama T, Imahori H, Mitamura K, Masunaga H, Hoshino T, Sakurai S, Sasaki S. Glassy Porphyrin/C 60 Composites: Morphological Engineering of C 60 Fullerene with Liquefied Porphyrins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13583-13590. [PMID: 33147035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Morphological control of C60 fullerene using liquefied porphyrins (1 and 2) as the host matrices was explored. Slow evaporation of the solvent of the equimolar mixture of porphyrin and C60 in toluene afforded the porphyrin/C60 composite with a 3:1 molar ratio. The stoichiometric binding behaviors suggest that specific porphyrin-C60 interactions operate the formation of the porphyrin/C60 composites, as corroborated by spectroscopic and thermal properties, and glazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Under the bulk conditions, the conventional thermodynamic advantage of multiple binding cooperativity for molecular recognition is unlikely to explain the stoichiometric binding behaviors. Instead, we propose a size-matching effect on the porphyrin-C60 interaction in the bulk porphyrin matrices, i.e., "supramolecular solvation". The glassy nature of the porphyrin matrices was transmitted to C60 through the specific interaction, and the porphyrin/C60 composites adopted glassy states at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Morisue
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Genki Saito
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasada
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Mitamura
- Electronic Materials Research Division, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50, Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring-8), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taiki Hoshino
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Faculty of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Sono Sasaki
- Faculty of Fiber Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schäfer C, Mony J, Olsson T, Börjesson K. Entropic Mixing Allows Monomeric-Like Absorption in Neat BODIPY Films. Chemistry 2020; 26:14295-14299. [PMID: 32809249 PMCID: PMC7702096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions play a crucial role in materials chemistry because they govern thin film morphology. The photophysical properties of films of organic dyes are highly sensitive to the local environment, and a considerable effort has therefore been dedicated to engineering the morphology of organic thin films. Solubilizing side chains can successfully spatially separate chromophores, reducing detrimental intermolecular interactions. However, this strategy is also significantly decreasing achievable dye concentration. Here, five BODIPY derivatives containing small alkyl chains in the α-position were synthesized and photophysically characterized. By blending two or more derivatives, the increase in entropy reduces aggregation and therefore produces films with extreme dye concentration and, at the same time almost solution like absorption properties. Such a film was placed inside an optical cavity and the achieved system was demonstrated to reach the strong exciton-photon coupling regime by virtue of the achieved dye concentration and sharp absorption features of the film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 4412 96GothenburgSweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 4412 96GothenburgSweden
| | - Thomas Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 4412 96GothenburgSweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 4412 96GothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Iimori T, Sugawa H, Uchida N. Bright Solvent-Free Luminescent Liquid with Magnetism Composed of a Thiocyanate Complex of Ce(III). J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8317-8322. [PMID: 32865418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids composed of a thiocyanate complex of Ce(III) exhibit bright cyan photoluminescence with a quantum yield close to 40% in addition to paramagnetism. The morphology of a droplet of ionic liquid changes in response to solvent vapor as a stimulus. The emission lifetime and thermal property are characterized. The Weiss temperature is evaluated from the magnetic property measurements, which indicates that antiferromagnetic exchange interaction exists between Ce(III) ions. Insight into the characteristics of the electronic transitions in the Ce(III) complex is obtained using quantum chemical calculations. Thiocyanate complexes of Ce(III) are demonstrated as promising building blocks to produce solvent-free luminescent functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Iimori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumotocho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sugawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumotocho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuya Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumotocho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawamura M, Kuwae H, Kamibayashi T, Oshima J, Kasahara T, Shoji S, Mizuno J. Liquid/solution-based microfluidic quantum dots light-emitting diodes for high-colour-purity light emission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14528. [PMID: 32883974 PMCID: PMC7471114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a liquid organic semiconductor (LOS) are expected to provide extremely flexible displays. Recently, microfluidic OLEDs were developed to integrate and control a LOS in a device combined with microfluidic technology. However, LOS-based OLEDs show poor-colour-purity light emissions owing to their wide full width at half maximum (FWHM). Here we report liquid/solution-based microfluidic quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) for high-colour-purity light emission. Microfluidic QLEDs contain liquid materials of LOS for a backlight and QDs solutions as luminophores. The microfluidic QLED exhibits red, green, and blue light emissions and achieves the highest light colour purity ever reported among LOS-based devices for green and red lights with narrow FWHMs of 26.2 nm and 25.0 nm, respectively. Additionally, the effect of the channel depth for the luminophore on the peak wavelength and FWHM is revealed. The developed device extends the capabilities of flexible microfluidic OLEDs-based and QDs-based displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawamura
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwae
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan. .,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
| | - Takumi Kamibayashi
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Juro Oshima
- Frontier Materials Research Department, Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Suzumi, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-0052, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasahara
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shoji
- Department of Electronic and Physical Systems, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.,Organization for Regional Collaborative Research and Development, Tokyo University of Science, Suwa, Toyohira, Chino, Nagano, 391-0292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Asymmetric Preparation of α-Quaternary Fluorinated β-keto Esters. Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25143264. [PMID: 32708946 PMCID: PMC7397287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances over the past decade in the preparation of fluorinated stereogenic quaternary centers on β-keto esters compounds are analyzed. Since the incorporation of fluorine and fluorinated groups is of special interest in pharmaceutical chemistry, a range of metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed methods have been developed. Herein, we review the enantioselective fluorination, trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation of 3-oxo esters. The scope, the induction of enantioselectivity and mechanistic investigations are presented.
Collapse
|
30
|
Walsh JC, Hogan DT, Williams KLM, Brake SD, Venkataramana G, Misener TA, Wallace BJ, Johnson RP, Thompson DW, Zhao Y, Wagner BD, Bodwell GJ. Synthesis of Oligo(1,8-pyrenylene)s: A Series of Functional Molecular Liquids. Chempluschem 2020; 84:754-765. [PMID: 31944011 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A monomer-through-pentamer series of oligo(1,8-pyrenylene)s was synthesized using a two-step iterative synthetic strategy. The trimer, tetramer, and pentamer are mixtures of atropisomers that interconvert slowly at room temperature (as shown by variable-temperature NMR analysis). They are liquids well below room temperature, as indicated by POM, DSC and SWAXS analysis. These oligomers are highly fluorescent both in the liquid state and in dilute solution (λF,max = 444-457 nm, φF = 0.80) and an investigation of their photophysical properties demonstrated that delocalization plays a larger role in their excited states than it does in related pyrene-based oligomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Walsh
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - David T Hogan
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Kerry-Lynn M Williams
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Simon D Brake
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Gandikota Venkataramana
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Tara A Misener
- Chemistry Department, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Brandon J Wallace
- Chemistry Department, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Richard P Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - David W Thompson
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Brian D Wagner
- Chemistry Department, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Chemistry Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chino Y, Nakanishi T, Kimura M. A near-infrared fluorescent phthalocyanine liquid developed through controlling intermolecular interactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent phthalocyanine (Pc) liquid was developed through introducing bulky yet flexible units onto the Pc skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Chino
- Department of Chemistry and Materials
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Ueda 386-8567
- Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Frontier Molecules Group
- International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Ibaraki 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Ueda 386-8567
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hiscock LK, Joekar D, Balonova B, Tomas Piqueras M, Schroeder ZW, Jarvis V, Maly KE, Blight BA, Dawe LN. Structures, Phase Behavior, and Fluorescent Properties of 3-Phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine and Its ZnCl 2 Complex. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16317-16321. [PMID: 31799844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the asymmetric ligand 3-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (L1) and its single-crystal X-ray structure are reported. L1 displays crystallographic symmetry (orthorhombic, Pccn) higher than its molecular symmetry (point group C1) and also displays supercooling, with a difference in the melting and solidification points of over 100 °C. Upon complexation with ZnCl2, L1 engages in both primary cation and secondary anion coordination via hydrogen bonding, and the complex exhibits a room-to-low-temperature single crystal-to-crystal phase transition. The ZnCl2 complex becomes a birefringent fluid mixed with crystalline domains at high temperatures, as detected by polarized optical microscopy. Examination of the photoluminescence properties showed that the emission intensity increased and a pronounced bathochromic shift was observed in the emission maximum upon going from solution to the solid state, for both the ligand and complex, consistent with aggregation-induced emission behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana K Hiscock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , 75 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Delara Joekar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , 75 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Barbora Balonova
- Department of Chemistry , University of New Brunswick , 30 Dineen Drive , Fredericton , New Brunswick E3B 5A3 , Canada
| | - Marta Tomas Piqueras
- Department of Chemistry , University of New Brunswick , 30 Dineen Drive , Fredericton , New Brunswick E3B 5A3 , Canada
| | - Zachary W Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , 75 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Victoria Jarvis
- MAX Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Kenneth E Maly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , 75 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Barry A Blight
- Department of Chemistry , University of New Brunswick , 30 Dineen Drive , Fredericton , New Brunswick E3B 5A3 , Canada
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , 75 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3C5 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ishimatsu R, Tashiro S, Kasahara T, Oshima J, Mizuno J, Nakano K, Adachi C, Imato T. Kinetics of Excimer Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Pyrene and 1-Pyrenebutyricacid 2-Ethylhexylester in Acetonitrile and an Ionic Liquid, Triethylpentylphosphonium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10825-10836. [PMID: 31804083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the kinetics of excimer electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of a liquid pyrene derivative, 1-pyrenebutyricacid 2-ethylhexylester (PLQ) dissolved in a molecular solvent, acetonitrile (MeCN), and an ionic liquid, triethylpentylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([P2225][TFSI]). Pyrene was also used for comparison. To discuss the kinetics of the excimer ECLs, the photophysical and electrochemical properties and electronic states of PLQ and pyrene were revealed. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, rate constants for the radiative transitions, and redox potentials of PLQ and pyrene dissolved in MeCN and [P2225][TFSI] suggest that as a solvent, [P2225][TFSI] behaves more polar than MeCN. By analyzing the PL decay curves, the rate constants to form the excimer were determined to be on the order of 109 and 107 M-1 s-1 in MeCN and [P2225][TFSI], respectively, which were limited by the diffusion. For neat PLQ (1.6 M), a delay of 0.3-0.4 ns for the excimer emission compared to the monomer emission was observed. It is likely that the delay corresponds to the timescale for arranging the conformation to form the excimer. The ECL of PLQ was generated by applying a square wave voltage to produce the radical anion and cation, and on the ECL spectra, the excimer emission was more prevailed compared to the PL spectra. Kinetic analysis for the electron transfer reaction between the radical ions based on Marcus theory indicates that the electron transfer is limited by the diffusion of the radical ions. Moreover, the electron transfer distance (det) between the radical cation and anion to generate excited states was calculated with a framework of the theory. Kinetically, the electron transfer can take place at det < ∼11 Å in MeCN and det < ∼12 Å in [P2225][TFSI]. The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations show that the potential energy curve of the excimer against the distance between the pyrene rings reaches a minimum at 3.50 Å. This suggests that through the electron transfer, the process of the direct formation of the monomer S1 state followed by the excimer formation is more prevailed than that of the direct excimer formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Shuya Tashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Takashi Kasahara
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Hosei University , 3-7-2 Kajino-cho , Koganei , Tokyo 184-8584 , Japan
| | - Juro Oshima
- Frontier Materials Research Department, Materials Research Laboratories , Nissan Chemical Corporation , 488-6 Suzumi-cho , Funabashi , Chiba 274-0052 , Japan
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation , Waseda University , 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041 , Japan
| | - Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Soft chromophore featured liquid porphyrins and their utilization toward liquid electret applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4210. [PMID: 31570713 PMCID: PMC6768991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optoelectronically active viscous liquids are ideal for fabricating foldable/stretchable electronics owing to their excellent deformability and predictable π-unit–based optoelectronic functions, which are independent of the device shape and geometry. Here we show, unprecedented ‘liquid electret’ devices that exhibit mechanoelectrical and electroacoustic functions, as well as stretchability, have been prepared using solvent-free liquid porphyrins. The fluidic nature of the free-base alkylated-tetraphenylporphyrins was controlled by attaching flexible and bulky branched alkyl chains at different positions. Furthermore, a subtle porphyrin ring distortion that originated from the bulkiness of alkyl chains was observed. Its consequences on the electronic perturbation of the porphyrin-unit were precisely elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical modelling. This molecular design allows shielding of the porphyrin unit by insulating alkyl chains, which facilitates its corona-charged state for a long period under ambient conditions. Though electret materials are attractive for realizing flexible mechanoelectrical devices, these materials are typically solid films. Here, the authors report stretchable ‘liquid-electret’ devices consisting solvent-free liquid porphyrins that show piezoelectric and electroacoustic functionality.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lu X, Zhan Y, Ouyang Q, Bai S, Chen H, Yu Y, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Li H. Fabrication of a Tyrosine-Responsive Liquid Quantum Dots Based Biosensor through Host–Guest Chemistry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13285-13289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Yibei Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Qingying Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Suya Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yongliang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yifu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Knelles J, Beardsworth S, Bader K, Bruckner JR, Bühlmeyer A, Forschner R, Schweizer K, Frey W, Giesselmann F, Molard Y, Laschat S. Self‐Assembly and Fluorescence of Tetracationic Liquid Crystalline Tetraphenylethene. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2210-2216. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Knelles
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Korinna Bader
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Yann Molard
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, ScanMAT – UMS 2001 Rennes France
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lu F, Neal EA, Nakanishi T. Self-Assembled and Nonassembled Alkylated-Fullerene Materials. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1834-1843. [PMID: 31282645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene (C60), a π-conjugated cage molecule consisting of 60 sp2-hybridized carbon atoms that are arranged into perfect icosahedral symmetry, is one of the most extensively studied nanocarbon materials by virtue of its characteristic spherical structure, fascinating optoelectronic properties, and widespread applications in material science. To implement practical applications, C60 is generally used as a building motif to assemble into various ordered superstructures. Unlike the controllable face-to-face π-π interactions of planar π-conjugated molecules, the π-π interactions between the three-dimensional spherical C60 units are random and directionless, which generally lead to complicated aggregated structures and unpredictable properties. The primary target of our research is to produce a robust design strategy for functional C60 materials, by which the single C60 molecules can be engineered into desirable self-organized architectures with optimized functions. To this end, we focused on alkylated fullerene (alk-C60) derivatives, a simple molecular system whose two components, alkyl chains and C60, exhibit both hydrophobicity yet different affinities to organic solvents. As a result, the alk-C60 derivatives present an unusual "hydrophobic amphiphile" system. Through systematic tuning of the substitution pattern of a series of alkyl side chains (number, length, branching, and substitution position) and external experimental conditions, the factors influencing alk-C60 self-assembly behaviors were determined. In addition, the feasibility of forming hybrid coassemblies with alk-C60 and other nanocarbon materials was demonstrated. By taking full advantage of the hydrophobic nature and active optoelectronic properties of these self- or hybrid-assemblies, various superhydrophobic materials and/or optoelectronic devices were developed. However, supported only by weak noncovalent interactions, these ordered superstructures are intrinsically fragile under various external stimuli. To improve the structural stability and achieve consistent optoelectronic performance of these novel materials, we strengthened the ordered structures via metallization and plasticization. Both approaches gave rise to robust and endurable materials with functions inherited from the pristine assemblies but at the cost of their former softness and facile processability. Thereafter, we focused on amorphous materials in view of their consistent and predictable optoelectronic properties that are independent of their geometry and physical environment. Unexpectedly, the amorphous materials obtained were liquids at room temperature, whose excellent deformability might enable applications in flexible/wearable optoelectronic devices. However, the lack of sufficient molecular order impaired their optoelectronic performance. To address this, we devised a straightforward strategy toward the directed ordered self-assembly of the alk-C60 liquids by adding molecular cofactors (n-alkanes or C60) into the liquids. Using this strategy, the balance between intermolecular order and material softness can be readily adjusted to meet different application requirements. Through iterative refinements to our novel alk-C60 system, we have demonstrated its power in generating numerous self-assembled, hybrid-assembled, and nonassembled materials toward versatile applications. We believe such a comprehensive description of these alk-C60-based functional materials provides deep insights into these still-evolving materials, which will underpin more advanced applications in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengniu Lu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Edward A. Neal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shinohara A, Pan C, Guo Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Du L, Yan Z, Stadler FJ, Wang L, Nakanishi T. Viskoelastische konjugierte polymere Fluide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhichao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan Shenzhen 518055 China
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Namiki 1-1 Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shinohara A, Pan C, Guo Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Du L, Yan Z, Stadler FJ, Wang L, Nakanishi T. Viscoelastic Conjugated Polymer Fluids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9581-9585. [PMID: 31034736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of optoelectronic functions into viscoelastic polymers can yield highly sophisticated soft materials for biomedical devices and autonomous robotics. However, viscoelasticity and excellent optoelectronic properties are difficult to achieve because the presence of a large number of π-conjugated moieties drastically stiffens a polymer. Here, we report a variation of additive-free viscoelastic conjugated polymers (VE-CPs) at room temperature by using an intact π-conjugated backbone and bulky, yet flexible, alkyl side chains as "internal plasticizers." Some of these polymers exhibit gel- and elastomer-like rheological behaviors without cross-linking or entanglement. Furthermore, binary blends of these VE-CPs exhibit a never-seen-before dynamic miscibility with self-restorable and mechanically induced fluorescence color changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shinohara
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chengjun Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenfeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liyang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhichao Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Florian J Stadler
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Avenue 1066, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Enozawa H, Ukai S, Ito H, Murata T, Morita Y. Colored Ionic Liquid Based on Stable Polycyclic Anion Salt Showing Halochromism with HCl Vapor. Org Lett 2019; 21:2161-2165. [PMID: 30896176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A sodium salt of a polycyclic trioxotriangulene (TOT) anion with six triethylene glycol chains exhibiting the formation of a colored ionic liquid at room temperature was synthesized. The ionic liquid is air- and water-stable, reflecting thermodynamic stabilization of a charge-delocalized TOT anion. Upon protonation of the TOT anion, the salt shows halochromic behaviors in solution and even in the neat liquid state with HCl vapor. The ionic liquid shows no morphological change with the chromism, presumably as a result of poor intermolecular interactions between π skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Enozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Aichi Institute of Technology , Toyota , Aichi 470-0392 , Japan
| | - Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Aichi Institute of Technology , Toyota , Aichi 470-0392 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Aichi Institute of Technology , Toyota , Aichi 470-0392 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Aichi Institute of Technology , Toyota , Aichi 470-0392 , Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Aichi Institute of Technology , Toyota , Aichi 470-0392 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Isoda K, Ishiyama T, Mutoh Y, Matsukuma D. Stimuli-Responsive Room-Temperature N-Heteroacene Liquid: In Situ Observation of the Self-Assembling Process and Its Multiple Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12053-12062. [PMID: 30816691 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel stimuli-responsive room-temperature photoluminescent liquid 1 based on the N-heteroacene framework is developed and analyzed by several experiments such as differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic viscoelasticity measurement, in situ observation by optical and polarized optical microscopes, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and by theoretical methods such as ab initio calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation techniques. In contrast to stimuli-responsive solid materials reported previously, liquid 1 in response to HCl vapor as a single stimulus can involve dramatically multiple changes in physical properties such as rheological behavior, morphology, as well as photoluminescence. The present ab initio calculation and microsecond-timescale MD simulations reveal that the complexation of 1 and HCl molecules induces a large dipole moment, leading to the formation of stacking structures because of their dipole-dipole interaction. Upon exposure to HCl vapor, in situ microscopic observation of the stimuli-responsive liquid elucidates a self-assembling process involving the formation of the wrinkle structure in a micrometer scale, indicating disorder-order phase transition. Further exposure of 1 to HCl vapor from seconds to hours has an influence on the macroscopic physical properties such as viscosity, viscoelasticity, and photoluminescent colors. The synergy between the experimental and theoretical investigations opens a new strategy to develop a novel class of stimuli-responsive materials showing multiple changes in physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Isoda
- Faculty of Engineering and Design , Kagawa University , 2217-20 Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0396 , Japan
- Health Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 2217-14 Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0395 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Granados A, Sarró P, Vallribera A. Catalytic Asymmetric Fluorination of Alkyl 1-indanone-2-carboxylates Ruled by Pybox-Eu(III) Combination. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061141. [PMID: 30909403 PMCID: PMC6471818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly enantioselective catalytic method for the synthesis of quaternary α-fluoro derivatives of 3-oxo esters is described. The reaction uses europium (III) triflate and commercially available chiral pybox-type C2-symmetric ligand. Excellent results in terms of yields and enantioselectivities were assured using the electrophilic NFSI reagent under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pau Sarró
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kushwaha K, Yu L, Stranius K, Singh SK, Hultmark S, Iqbal MN, Eriksson L, Johnston E, Erhart P, Müller C, Börjesson K. A Record Chromophore Density in High-Entropy Liquids of Two Low-Melting Perylenes: A New Strategy for Liquid Chromophores. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801650. [PMID: 30828534 PMCID: PMC6382313 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromophores constitute a rare but intriguing class of molecules that are in high demand for the design of luminescent inks, liquid semiconductors, and solar energy storage materials. The most common way to achieve liquid chromophores involves the introduction of long alkyl chains, which, however, significantly reduces the chromophore density. Here, strategy is presented that allows for the preparation of liquid chromophores with a minimal increase in molecular weight, using the important class of perylenes as an example. Two synergistic effects are harnessed: (1) the judicious positioning of short alkyl substituents, and (2) equimolar mixing, which in unison results in a liquid material. A series of 1-alkyl perylene derivatives is synthesized and it is found that short ethyl or butyl chains reduce the melting temperature from 278 °C to as little as 70 °C. Then, two low-melting derivatives are mixed, which results in materials that do not crystallize due to the increased configurational entropy of the system. As a result, liquid chromophores with the lowest reported molecular weight increase compared to the neat chromophore are obtained. The mixing strategy is readily applicable to other π-conjugated systems and, hence, promises to yield a wide range of low molecular weight liquid chromophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GothenburgSweden
| | - Liyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Kati Stranius
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GothenburgSweden
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of PhysicsMaterials and Surface Theory DivisionChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Sandra Hultmark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Muhammad Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Lars Eriksson
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Eric Johnston
- Sigrid Therapeutics ABSankt Göransgatan 159112 17StockholmSweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of PhysicsMaterials and Surface Theory DivisionChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChalmers University of Technology41296GothenburgSweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgKemigården 441296GothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Goudappagouda, Manthanath A, Wakchaure VC, Ranjeesh KC, Das T, Vanka K, Nakanishi T, Babu SS. Paintable Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Liquid Formulations of Alkylated Bromonaphthalimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2284-2288. [PMID: 30548525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic phosphors have been widely explored with an understanding that crystalline molecular ordering is a requisite for enhanced intersystem crossing. In this context, we explored the room-temperature phosphorescence features of a solvent-free organic liquid phosphor in air. While alkyl chain substitution varied the physical states of the bromonaphthalimides, the phosphorescence remained unaltered for the solvent-free liquid in air. As the first report, a solvent-free liquid of a long swallow-tailed bromonaphthalimide exhibits room-temperature phosphorescence in air. Doping of the phosphor with carbonyl guests resulted in enhanced phosphorescence, and hence a large-area paintable phosphorescent liquid composite with improved lifetime and quantum yield was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goudappagouda
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vivek Chandrakant Wakchaure
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Kayaramkodath Chandran Ranjeesh
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Frontier Molecules Group, International Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ghosh S, Raveendran R, Saeki A, Seki S, Namboothiry M, Ajayaghosh A. Charge Carrier Polarity Modulation in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Low Band Gap Semiconductors by Terminal Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1088-1095. [PMID: 30543390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors with variable charge carrier polarity are required for optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of three novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based D-A molecules having three different terminal groups (amide, ester, and dicyano) and study their electronic properties. An increase in electron acceptor strength from amide to dicyano leads to a bathochromic shift in absorption. Photoconductivity and field effect transistor (FET) measurements confirmed that a small increase in acceptor strength can result in a large change in the charge transport properties from p-type to n-type. The molecule with an amide group, DPP-amide, exhibited a moderate p-type mobility (1.3 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1), whereas good n-type mobilities were observed for molecules with an ester moiety, DPP-ester (1.5 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1), and with a dicyano group, DPP-DCV (1 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1). The terminal functional group modification approach presented here is a simple and efficient method to alter the charge carrier polarity of organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Ghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
| | - Reshma Raveendran
- School of Physics , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Thiruvananthapuram 695551 , India
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Manoj Namboothiry
- School of Physics , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) , Thiruvananthapuram 695551 , India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division , CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-NIIST Campus , Thiruvananthapuram 695019 , India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
L’Her M, Atoini Y, Fouchet J, Heinrich B, Del-Giudice N, Scrafton E, Bordes E, Karmazin L, Charbonière L, De Cola L, Douce L. Luminescent imidazolium–naphthalene salts in liquid and solid states. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article describes highly luminescent ionic compounds in liquid and crystalline states, where a naphthalene moiety is conjugated to an imidazolium center decorated with two different lengths of alkyl chains.
Collapse
|
47
|
Petrova D, Weber B, Allain C, Audebert P, Bonn D, Brouwer AM. Fast 3D Microscopy Imaging of Contacts Between Surfaces Using a Fluorescent Liquid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40973-40977. [PMID: 30433763 PMCID: PMC6284207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel method is presented for the rapid direct 3D visualization of the contact between two surfaces by means of fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescent liquid. Distances between the surfaces of up to several hundred nanometers can be determined with subnanometer accuracy in 3D and within seconds of measurement time. The method opens new possibilities for research in the areas of contact mechanics, friction, wear, and lubrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Petrova
- van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD, The
Netherlands
| | - Bart Weber
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Amsterdam P.O. Box 93019, 1090 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Clémence Allain
- PPSM, ENS
Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan 94235, France
| | - Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, ENS
Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan 94235, France
| | - Daniel Bonn
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam P.O. Box 94485, 1090 GL, The
Netherlands
| | - Albert M. Brouwer
- van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD, The
Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sasi S, Sugunan SK, Radhakrishnan Nair P, Subramanian KRV, Mathew S. Scope of surface-modified molecular and nanomaterials in gel/liquid forms for developing mechanically flexible DSSCs/QDSSCs. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 18:15-29. [PMID: 30398278 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The advanced lifestyle of the human race involves heavy usage of various gadgets which require copious supplies of energy for uninterrupted functioning. Due to the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels and the accelerating demand for other energy resources, renewable energy sources, especially solar cells, are being extensively explored as viable alternatives. Flexible solar cells have recently emerged as an advanced member of the photovoltaic family; the flexibility and pliability of these photovoltaic materials are advantageous from a practical point of view. Conventional flexible solar cell materials, when dispersed in solvents, are usually volatile and create severe stability issues when incorporated in devices. Recently, non-volatile, less viscous functional molecular liquids/gels have been proposed as potential materials for use in foldable device applications. This perspective article discusses the scope of surface-modified non-volatile molecular and nanomaterials in liquid/gel forms in the manufacturing and deployment of flexible photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Sasi
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sunish K Sugunan
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. and Department of Chemistry, CMS College (Autonomous) - affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - P Radhakrishnan Nair
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - K R V Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITAM University, Nagadenahalli, Dodballapur Taluk, Bengaluru 562103, India
| | - Suresh Mathew
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang G, Zhu H, Chen M, Pietraszkiewicz M, Pietraszkiewicz O, Li H, Hao J. Aggregation-Induced Emission of EuIII
Complexes Balanced with Bulky and Amphiphilic Imidazolium Cations in Ethanol/Water Binary Mixtures. Chemistry 2018; 24:15912-15920. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and; Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and; Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and; Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Marek Pietraszkiewicz
- Department IX, Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw 01-224 Poland
| | - Oksana Pietraszkiewicz
- Department IX, Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw 01-224 Poland
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and; Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 Shandong Province P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and; Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 Shandong Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lu F, Jang K, Osica I, Hagiwara K, Yoshizawa M, Ishii M, Chino Y, Ohta K, Ludwichowska K, Kurzydłowski KJ, Ishihara S, Nakanishi T. Supercooling of functional alkyl-π molecular liquids. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6774-6778. [PMID: 30294417 PMCID: PMC6166271 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable states of soft matters are extensively used in designing stimuli-responsive materials. However, the non-steady properties may obstruct consistent performance. Here we report an approach to eradicate the indistinguishable metastable supercooled state of functional molecular liquids (FMLs), which remains as a liquid for weeks or months before crystallizing, via rational molecular design. The phases (solid, kinetically stable liquid, and supercooled liquid) of a model FML, branched alkyl chain-substituted 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), are found to be governed by subtle alterations of the molecular structure (alkyl-DPA ratio and bulkiness of the DPA unit). We thus outline molecular design principles to avoid supercooled FML formation. Moreover, we demonstrate a practical technique to rapidly discriminate supercooled FMLs (within 5 h) by accelerating their crystallization in differential scanning calorimetry heating via pre-annealing or relatively slow scanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengniu Lu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan .
| | - Keumhee Jang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan .
| | - Izabela Osica
- Materials Design Division , Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , Warsaw University of Technology , Woloska 141 , 02-507 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Keita Hagiwara
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science , Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Masashi Ishii
- Materials Data Platform Center , Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS) , NIMS , 1-2-1 Sengen , Tsukuba 305-0047 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chino
- Smart Material Science and Technology , Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology , Shinshu University , 1-15-1 Tokida , Ueda 386-8567 , Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology , Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology , Shinshu University , 1-15-1 Tokida , Ueda 386-8567 , Japan
| | - Kinga Ludwichowska
- Materials Design Division , Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , Warsaw University of Technology , Woloska 141 , 02-507 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jan Kurzydłowski
- Materials Design Division , Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering , Warsaw University of Technology , Woloska 141 , 02-507 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Shinsuke Ishihara
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan .
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|