1
|
Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Recent insight into the advances and prospects of microbial lipases and their potential applications in industry. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1597-1631. [PMID: 38489100 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a crucial role in various industrial sectors. These biocatalysts not only ensure sustainability and safety but also enhance process efficiency through their unique specificity. Lipases possess versatility as biocatalysts and find utilization in diverse bioconversion reactions. Presently, microbial lipases are gaining significant focus owing to the rapid progress in enzyme technology and their widespread implementation in multiple industrial procedures. This updated review presents new knowledge about various origins of microbial lipases, such as fungi, bacteria, and yeast. It highlights both the traditional and modern purification methods, including precipitation and chromatographic separation, the immunopurification technique, the reversed micellar system, the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF), moreover, delves into the diverse applications of microbial lipases across several industries, such as food, vitamin esters, textile, detergent, biodiesel, and bioremediation. Furthermore, the present research unveils the obstacles encountered in employing lipase, the patterns observed in lipase engineering, and the application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology for altering the genes responsible for lipase production. Additionally, the immobilization of microorganisms' lipases onto various carriers also contributes to enhancing the effectiveness and efficiencies of lipases in terms of their catalytic activities. This is achieved by boosting their resilience to heat and ionic conditions (such as inorganic solvents, high-level pH, and temperature). The process also facilitates the ease of recycling them and enables a more concentrated deposition of the enzyme onto the supporting material. Consequently, these characteristics have demonstrated their suitability for application as biocatalysts in diverse industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faria PED, Nunes GS, Brêda GC, Aguieiras ECG, Mota MBS, Dobler L, Freire DMG, Almeida RV, Mesquita RD. Unveiling six novel CALB-like lipases using genome-centric and patent-driven prospection. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 181:110525. [PMID: 39405779 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipases present biotechnological applications in various industrial sectors due to their ability to perform multiple biochemical reactions. However, the high cost sometimes discourages their potential uses, besides the extensive number of patents involving them. One of the most utilized and researched lipases is Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), known for its versatility, encompassing enantioselectivity, thermostability, and a wide range of substrates. Therefore, finding new CALB-like lipases is an interesting strategy to enable the implementation of biocatalysts, especially if intellectual property analysis is included. The present study identified and produced six CALB-like enzymes without patent protection, with differences in pocket amino acids and substrate specificity. We conducted genomic searches in almost 7000 Fungal genomes, identifying over 1500 unique CALB homolog candidates. The phylogenetic and intellectual property analysis filtered those results into a few sequences without protection that were very similar to CALB. One cloned lipase had a lower hydrophobicity at the pocket entrance and preferred the C4 p-nitrophenyl ester as substrate. Another had a wider opening and more polar pocket, showing no preference. These results identified new patent-free lipases with conserved essential catalytic elements and diverse substrate specificity due to variations in the catalytic pocket. These enzymes can be the starting point for biocatalyst innovation with potential applications in diverse biotechnological areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Esteves de Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Stamato Nunes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Coelho Brêda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Gonçalves Aguieiras
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Rod. Washington Luiz, 19.593 - km 104,5 - Santa Cruz da Serra, Duque de Caxia, RJ 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Santos Mota
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Leticia Dobler
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Volcan Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dias Mesquita
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Jin J, Zhou D, Liu H, Lu J, Zheng M. PVP-assisted in situ immobilizing lipase on covalent organic framework for enhanced catalytic activity and stability in bioconversions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 283:137856. [PMID: 39566769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, porous organic materials that have significant potential as supports for enzyme immobilization. Nevertheless, the in situ preparation of biocatalysts during the COF formation process remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we developed a one-pot in situ preparation strategy. The immobilized lipase PS@TPB-TFPB COF-I was fabricated by mixing the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-lipase PS complex with precursors 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) and 1,3,5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) in acetonitrile catalyzed by acetic acid at room temperature for 48 h. The formation mechanism was systematically investigated using time-dependent microscopy techniques. PVP acts as a guiding reagent, controlling the morphological changes that occur during this process. Furthermore, the biocatalyst was employed in the kinetic resolution of racemic 1-phenylethanol, resulting in a significant enhancement in the conversion rate, with a range of 2.1 to 10.6 times higher compared to free PS at the same reaction time. The robust biocatalyst maintained high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity even after 10 cycles. The strategy described here is promising for lipase immobilization and expands the range of applications for COFs in biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Daoxue Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinmei Lu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou S, Chen J, Lee YY, Wang Y, Zhang Z. Candida antartica lipase-catalyzed esterification for efficient partial acylglycerol synthesis in solvent-free system: Substrate selectivity, molecular modelling and optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 412:131368. [PMID: 39209228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Partial acylglycerols are valued for their emulsifying and stabilizing properties, yet precise green synthesis remains challenging due to low yield and selectivity. This study aimed to elucidate the "lipase selectivity-substrate structure-product composition" relationship to enhance the yield of targeted partial acylglycerol. The results showed that lipase exhibited a greater selectivity towards fatty acids with shorter chain lengths and higher unsaturation. Hydroxyl donors also affected the esterification process, with the enzyme-acyl complex exhibiting selectivity towards hydroxyl donors as follows: glycerol > monoacylglycerol > diacylglycerol. Substrate ratio significantly influenced enzymatic reactions; a 10:1 ratio favored triacylglycerol formation (>80 %), while a 1:1 ratio produced > 90 % partial acylglycerols. Molecular docking simulations revealed that substrates primarily interacted with lipase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of lipase selectivity patterns could facilitate the design of more efficient reaction systems, enabling the conversion of basic lipid resources into desired high value-added products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zou
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiena Chen
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yee-Ying Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Wang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- JNU-UPM International Joint Laboratory on Plant Oil Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schuenck Knupp M, Rodrigues Adão Malafaia C, Homobono Brito de Moura P, Guimarães Freire DM, Wanderley Tinoco L, Corrêa Pinto S, Frazão Muzitano M, Correa Ramos Leal I. Preparation of esculin acetates through transesterification reaction catalyzed by Novozyme 435 ® and their Purification followed by NMR characterization. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39482901 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2415961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, biocatalytic transesterification reaction using Novozyme 435® (N435) lipase was employed to enhance the hydrophobicity of esculin, aiming to improve its solubility for commercial applications and enhance its bioactivity and oral viability. The acylation reaction of esculin with vinyl acetate was conducted at 60 °C and 200 rpm for 24 h. After chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis, two products were identified: the first one was monoacylated at the 6'-OH position of the glucosyl moiety of esculin (TR: 10.3 min and m/z 382.93 [M + H]+), and the second one was diacylated at the 6'-OH and 3'-OH positions (TR: 13.0 min and m/z 424.93 [M + H]+). The latter was the major product, with a conversion rate of 53.550 ± 0.368%, while the monoacetylated one showed 8.715 ± 0.064%. Both products were isolated by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) using a two-phase system HEMWat 1:9:1:9 and characterized by NMR. In this way, these results improve the practical application of esculin, through the obtention of esculin mono and diacetates by fast and efficient biocatalysis reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Schuenck Knupp
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos (LPBio), Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro- Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Adão Malafaia
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biológicos (LaProNEB), Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Homobono Brito de Moura
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biológicos (LaProNEB), Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Guimarães Freire
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Instituto de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Luzineide Wanderley Tinoco
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Shaft Corrêa Pinto
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos (LPBio), Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro- Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Frazão Muzitano
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos (LPBio), Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro- Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivana Correa Ramos Leal
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Ensaios Biológicos (LaProNEB), Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Benea IC, Dăescu D, Todea A, Nagy L, Keki S, Păușescu I, Pellis A, Peter F. Efficient biotransformation of biobased raw materials into novel polyesters/polyesteramides; comparative investigation of enzymatic synthesis of block and random copolymers and terpolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:137046. [PMID: 39481733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Within the context of paving the way for a sustainable bioeconomy, there is a strong emphasis on utilizing bio-based raw materials as substitutes for fossil fuels in the production of polymers. When designing the synthesis of novel polymeric materials from bio-based building blocks, a promising green approach consists in utilizing enzymes as biocatalysts. This aspect is particularly important when aiming to obtain products from the class of polyesters and polyesteramides with biocompatible and biodegradable properties, as enzymes facilitate the synthesis of polymers that align closely with biological systems. Lipases have been proven to be very effective in the synthesis of polymers, particularly in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Considering the possibility of performing the copolymerization of ε-caprolactone for obtaining random and block structures, this is the first comparative study of the enzymatic polymer synthesis utilizing an innovative approach of combining ring-opening polymerization with polycondensation. Terpolymers derived from ε-caprolactone and dimethyl itaconate or dimethyl adipate with either 1,8-octanediol or 1,8-octanediamine were obtained at 85 °C in a solventless systems, yielding products with a copolymer content of >85 % and weight-average molecular weight (Mw) up to 40,000 Da. The thermal properties and biodegradation behavior of the synthetized terpolymers were assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cristina Benea
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 300001, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania; Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Diana Dăescu
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 300001, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anamaria Todea
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 300001, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Keki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Iulia Păușescu
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 300001, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Francisc Peter
- University Politehnica Timisoara, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, 300001, C. Telbisz 6, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li D, Mei L, Ding X, Zhou D. Preparation of highly stable immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) through adjusting the surface properties of carrier: Preparation, characterization and performance evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136356. [PMID: 39374721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The stability of the immobilized lipase is the key factor that determines the economy and feasibility of its industrial application. Here, two robust immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) were prepared through adjusting the surface properties of ECR1030 resin. Silane coupling agent (SCA) and dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) were employed to modify the carrier surface. Contact angle measurement showed that the hydrophobicity of the modified carrier increased first, and then decreased with the increase of the chain length of SCA. FTIR results showed that Si-O-Si bond and aldehyde group were attached to ECR1030, respectively, indicating that the ECR1030 resin was successfully modified. Meanwhile, the NH and CN bond were observed in the corresponding immobilized CALB, suggesting CALB was immobilized onto the modified carriers. The effects of immobilization conditions on CALB immobilization was further investigated, and the C8-ECR1030-CALB and DAC-ECR1030-CALB with the activity of 12,736 U/g and 11,962 U/g were obtained. Moreover, the stability of the immobilized lipases was evaluated and compared with the commercial Novozym 435. The C8-ECR1030-CALB and DAC-ECR1030-CALB exhibited comparable or superior stability to Novozym 435 and showed better deacidification effect than Novozym 435. This study paves road for further study involving preparation of highly stable immobilized lipase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shannxi, China.
| | - Ling Mei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shannxi, China
| | - Xiaogang Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shannxi, China
| | - Duan Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shannxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuroiwa T, Katayama M, Uemoto K, Kanazawa A. Substrate specificity of commercial lipases activated by a hydration-aggregation pretreatment in anhydrous esterification reactions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 180:110497. [PMID: 39154569 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Substrate specificity in non-aqueous esterification catalyzed by commercial lipases activated by hydration-aggregation pretreatment was investigated. Four microbial lipases from Rhizopus japonicus, Burkholderia cepacia, Rhizomucor miehei, and Candida antarctica (fraction B) were used to study the effect of the carbon chain length of saturated fatty acid substrates on the esterification activity with methanol in n-hexane. Hydration-aggregation pretreatment had an activation effect on all lipases used, and different chain length dependencies of esterification activity for lipases from different origins were demonstrated. The effects of various acidic substrates with different degrees of unsaturation, aromatic rings, and alcohol substrates with different carbon chain lengths on esterification activity were examined using R. japonicus lipase, which demonstrated the most remarkable activity enhancement after hydration-aggregation pretreatment. Furthermore, in the esterification of myristic acid with methanol catalyzed by the hydrated-aggregated R. japonicus lipase, maximum reaction rate (5.43 × 10-5 mmol/(mg-biocat min)) and Michaelis constants for each substrate (48.5 mM for myristic acid, 24.7 mM for methanol) were determined by kinetic analysis based on the two-substrate Michaelis-Menten model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
| | - Maho Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Kazuki Uemoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Černáková L, Macková M, Klempová T, Haluz P, Mastihuba V, Mastihubová M. Enzymatic Methoxycarbonylation of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10057. [PMID: 39337541 PMCID: PMC11432353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol are powerful phenolic antioxidants occurring in olive oil and in by-products from olive processing. Due to their high polarity, esterification or other lipophilization is necessary to make them compatible with lipid matrices. Hydroxytyrosol methyl carbonate is a more effective antioxidant than dibutylhydroxytoluene or α-tocopherol and together with tyrosol methyl carbonate exerts interesting pharmacological properties. The purpose of this work was the enzymatic preparation of alkyl carbonates of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. A set of 17 hydrolases was tested in the catalysis of tyrosol methoxycarbonylation in neat dimethyl carbonate to find an economically feasible alternative to the recently reported synthesis of methyl carbonates catalyzed by Novozym 435. Novozym 435 was, however, found to be the best performing catalyst, while Novozym 735, pig pancreatic lipase, lipase F-AK and Lipex 100T exhibited limited reactivity. No enzyme accepted 1,2-propylene carbonate as the acylation donor. Under optimized reaction conditions, Novozym 435 was used in the batch preparation of tyrosol methyl carbonate and hydroxytyrosol methyl carbonate in quantitative yields. The enzymatic methoxycarbonylation of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol can also be used as a method for their selective protection in enzymatic syntheses of phenylethanoid glycosides catalyzed with enzymes comprising high levels of acetyl esterase side activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Černáková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.Č.); (P.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Michaela Macková
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatiana Klempová
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Peter Haluz
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.Č.); (P.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Vladimír Mastihuba
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.Č.); (P.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Mária Mastihubová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.Č.); (P.H.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Holder L, Yuce E, Oriomah G, Jenkins AP, Reynisson J, Winter A, Cosgrove SC. Accessing Active Fragments for Drug Discovery Utilising Nitroreductase Biocatalysis. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400428. [PMID: 38940076 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has played a limited role in the early stages of drug discovery. This is often attributed to the limited substrate scope of enzymes not affording access to vast areas of novel chemical space. Here, we have shown a promiscuous nitroreductase enzyme (NR-55) can be used to produce a panel of functionalised anilines from a diverse panel of aryl nitro starting materials. After screening on analytical scale, we show that sixteen substrates could be scaled to 1 mmol scale, with several poly-functional anilines afforded with ease under the standard conditions. The aniline products were also screened for activity against several cell lines of interest, with modest activity observed for one compound. This study demonstrates the potential for nitroreductase biocatalysis to provide access to functional fragments under benign conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Holder
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Eda Yuce
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Oriomah
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee-Page Jenkins
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Winter
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences & Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brandolín SE, Scilipoti JA, Magario I. Elucidating solvent effects on lipase-catalyzed peroxyacid synthesis through activity-based kinetics and molecular dynamics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2728-2741. [PMID: 38837223 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Peroxyacid synthesis is the first step in Prilezhaev epoxidation, which is an industrial method to form epoxides. Motivated by the development of a kinetic model as a tool for solvent selection, the effect of solvent type and acid chain length on the lipase-catalyzed peroxyacid synthesis was studied. A thermodynamic activity-based ping-pong kinetic expression was successfully applied to predict the effect of the reagent loadings in hexane. The activity-based reaction quotients provided a prediction of solvent-independent equilibrium constants. However, this strategy did not achieve satisfactory estimations of initial rates in solvents of higher polarity. The lack of compliance with some assumptions of this methodology could be confirmed through molecular dynamics calculations i.e. independent solvation energies and lack of solvent interaction with the active site. A novel approach is proposed combining the activity-based kinetic expression and the free binding energy of the solvent with the active site to predict kinetics upon solvent change. Di-isopropyl ether generated a strong interaction with the enzyme's active site, which was detrimental to kinetics. On the other hand, toluene or limonene gave moderate interaction with the active site rendering improved catalytic yield compared with less polar solvents, a finding sharpened when peroctanoic acid was produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador E Brandolín
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José A Scilipoti
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ivana Magario
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos y Química Aplicada (IPQA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Z, Liu T, Liu R, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zheng M. Enzymatic Deacidification and Aroma Characteristics Analysis of Rapeseed Oil Using Self-Made Immobilized Lipase CALB@MCM-41-C 8. Foods 2024; 13:2539. [PMID: 39200466 PMCID: PMC11353416 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed oil is a widely consumed edible oil that contains varieties of beneficial micronutrients such as tocopherols and phytosterols; however, the high acid value due to increased free fatty acid can imperil the oil quality and safety. This paper proposed the enzymatic deacidification for high-acid rapeseed oil and simultaneous production of functional diacylglycerols (DAGs) catalyzed by self-made immobilized lipase CALB@MCM-41-C8. The results indicate that the carrier of molecular sieve MCM-41 exhibited a sufficient surface area of 1439.9 m2/g and a proper pore size of 3.5 nm, promoting the immobilization of lipase CLAB. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the acid value of rapeseed oil was largely decreased from 15.3 mg KOH/g to 1.7 mg KOH/g within 3 h, while DAG content was increased from 1.2% to 40.2%. The antioxidant stability of rapeseed oil was also increased from 4.3 h to 7.6 h after enzymatic deacidification. Besides, the deacidified rapeseed oil exhibited fatty, bitter almond aromas, compared to the picked-vegetable, spicy, and pungent aromas for high-acid oil. Finally, the catalytic stability and applicability of CALB@MCM-41-C8 was validated, thus demonstrating the great potential of CALB@MCM-41-C8 in green refining of edible oils and sustainable synthesis of functional lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
| | - Tieliang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Q.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Run Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Q.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Qi Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Q.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yandaizi Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
| | - Yi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Q.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China; (T.L.); (R.L.); (Q.Z.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsuchiya K, Terada K, Kurita T, Watanabe T, Lamprou A, Numata K. Regiocontrol of the Bulk Polymerization of Lysine Ethyl Ester by the Selection of Suitable Immobilized Enzyme Catalysts. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5110-5120. [PMID: 39009036 PMCID: PMC11323002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of a green and facile method for the controlled synthesis of functional polypeptides is desired for sustainable material applications. In this study, the regioselective synthesis of poly(l-lysine) (polyLys) via enzyme-catalyzed aminolysis was achieved by bulk polymerization of l-lysine ethyl ester (Lys-OEt) using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase Novozym 435 (IM-lipase) or trypsin (IM-trypsin). Structural characterization of the obtained polyLys revealed that IM-lipase resulted solely in ε-linked amide bond formation, whereas IM-trypsin predominantly provided α-linked polyLys. Optimization of the conditions for the bulk polymerization using immobilized enzymes resulted in high monomer conversion and a high degree of polymerization, with excellent regioselectivity. Molecular docking simulations revealed different binding conformations of Lys-OEt to the catalytic pockets of lipase and trypsin, which putatively resulted in different amino moieties being used for amide bond formation. The immobilized enzymes were recovered and recycled for bulk polymerization, and the initial activity was maintained in the case of IM-trypsin. The obtained α- and ε-linked polyLys products exhibited different degradability against proteolysis, demonstrating the possibility of versatile applications as sustainable materials. This enzymatic regioregular control enabled the synthesis of well-defined polypeptide-based materials with a diverging structural variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kayo Terada
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Taichi Kurita
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krishna NB, Roopa L, Pravin Kumar R, S GT. Computational studies on the catalytic potential of the double active site for enzyme engineering. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17892. [PMID: 39095391 PMCID: PMC11297320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins possessing double active sites have the potential to revolutionise enzyme design strategies. This study extensively explored an enzyme that contains both a natural active site (NAS) and an engineered active site (EAS), focusing on understanding its structural and functional properties. Metadynamics simulations were employed to investigate how substrates interacted with their respective active sites. The results revealed that both the NAS and EAS exhibited similar minimum energy states, indicating comparable binding affinities. However, it became apparent that the EAS had a weaker binding site for the substrate due to its smaller pocket and constrained conformation. Interestingly, the EAS also displayed dynamic behaviour, with the substrate observed to move outside the pocket, suggesting the possibility of substrate translocation. To gain further insights, steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were conducted to study the conformational changes of the substrate and its interactions with catalytic residues. Notably, the substrate adopted distinct conformations, including near-attack conformations, in both the EAS and NAS. Nevertheless, the NAS demonstrated superior binding minima for the substrate compared to the EAS, reinforcing the observation that the engineered active site was less favourable for substrate binding due to its limitations. The QM/MM (Quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics) analyses highlight the energy disparity between NAS and EAS. Specifically, EAS exhibited elevated energy levels due to its engineered active site being located on the surface. This positioning exposes the substrate to solvents and water molecules, adding to the energy challenge. Consequently, the engineered enzyme did not provide a significant advantage in substrate binding over the single active site protein. Further, the investigation of internal channels and tunnels within the protein shed light on the pathways facilitating transport between the two active sites. By unravelling the complex dynamics and functional characteristics of this double-active site protein, this study offers valuable insights into novel strategies of enzyme engineering. These findings establish a solid foundation for future research endeavours aimed at harnessing the potential of double-active site proteins in diverse biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Banchallihundi Krishna
- Department of Computational Biology and AI, Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, #16, Ramakrishnappa Road, Cox Town, Bangalore, 560005, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Lalitha Roopa
- Department of Computational Biology and AI, Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, #16, Ramakrishnappa Road, Cox Town, Bangalore, 560005, India
| | - R Pravin Kumar
- Department of Computational Biology and AI, Kcat Enzymatic Private Limited, #16, Ramakrishnappa Road, Cox Town, Bangalore, 560005, India.
| | - Gopenath T S
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Zhao Q, Wu G, Wang P, Zhou M, Wu Z, Lai M, Zhao M. Enzymatic synthesis of pyridine heterocyclic compounds and their thermal stability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32435. [PMID: 38961989 PMCID: PMC11219360 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient method was discovered for catalyzing the esterification under air using Novozym 435 to obtain pyridine esters. The following conditions were found to be optimal: 60 mg of Novozyme 435, 5.0 mL of n-hexane, a molar ratio of 2:1 for nicotinic acids (0.4 mmol) to alcohols (0.2 mmol), 0.25 g of molecular sieve 3A, a revolution speed of 150 rpm, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 48 h. Under nine cycles of Novozym 435, the 80 % yield was consistently obtained. Optimum conditions were used to synthesize 23 pyridine esters, including five novel compounds. Among them, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) showed phenethyl nicotinate (3g), (E)-hex-4-en-1-yl nicotinate (3m), and octyl nicotinate (3n) possessed strong aromas. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) revealed that the compounds 3g, 3m and 3n exhibited stability at the specified temperature. This finding provides theoretical support for adding pyridine esters fragrance to high-temperature processed food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longxin Wang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, #218 Ping'an Avenue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| | - Qianrui Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, #218 Ping'an Avenue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| | - Guangpeng Wu
- Henan Province Tobacco Company, #15 Business Outer Ring Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| | - Pengze Wang
- Tianchang International Tobacco Co., Ltd, Jian'an Avenue Road, Xuchang, Henan Province, 461000, PR China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, #218 Ping'an Avenue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, #218 Ping'an Avenue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, #218 Ping'an Avenue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, #218 Ping'an Avenue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hao LS, Zhang MM, Li XF, Xin X, Zhao GL. Efficient regioselective enzymatic acylation of troxerutin: difference characterization of in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity. Food Funct 2024; 15:5785-5796. [PMID: 38660890 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a multi-site acylation strategy to improve the lipophilicity and cellular uptake of troxerutin, a natural flavonoid with many health-promoting bioactivities. By clarifying the acylation properties of troxerutin catalyzed by lipases from different sources, a series of troxerutin ester derivatives acylated at different sites was synthesized, including troxerutin dipropyl (TDP), tripropyl (TTP), tetrapropyl (TEP), dibutyl (TDB), monohexyl (TMH), monooctyl (TMO) and monodecyl (TMD) esters. Interestingly, the troxerutin esters acylated at multiple sites with shorter fatty chains (TDP, TTP and TEP) had similar lipophilicity to the mono-acylated esters bearing longer fatty chains (TMH, TMO and TMD, respectively) and meanwhile demonstrated surprisingly lower cytotoxicity than that of the long fatty-chain mono-esters. In particular, the multi-acylated esters with shorter fatty chains showed remarkably higher cellular uptake than the mono-esters with long fatty chains. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion suggested that the multi-acylated esters of troxerutin were more resistant to gastrointestinal degradation than the mono-esters. These results indicated that multi-site acylation with short fatty chains could be an effective alternative to introducing one-site mono-acylation for the modification of troxerutin and other flavonoid compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Hao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Dongsha Street 24, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xuan Xin
- College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Dongsha Street 24, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Guang-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mirsalami SM, Mirsalami M. Evaluation of mesoporous silica particles as a support for lipase immobilization in biodiesel production: Enhanced ethyl ester synthesis from algal oil. RESULTS IN ENGINEERING 2024; 22:102138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
|
18
|
Venturi V, Presini F, Trapella C, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Lerin LA. Microwave-assisted enzymatic synthesis of geraniol esters in solvent-free systems: optimization of the reaction parameters, purification and characterization of the products, and biocatalyst reuse. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1665-1679. [PMID: 37368203 PMCID: PMC11269508 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Various geraniol esters act as insect pheromones and display pharmacological activities, especially as neuroprotective agents. Therefore, the search for synthetic strategies alternative to traditional chemical synthesis could help designing ecofriendly routes for the preparation of such bioactive compounds. Hence, this work aims at the microwave-assisted enzymatic synthesis of geranyl esters in solvent-free systems. The process variables were optimized for the synthesis of geranyl acetoacetate, achieving 85% conversion after 60 min using a 1:5 substrates molar ratio (ester to geraniol), 80 °C and 8.4% of Lipozyme 435 lipase without removal of the co-produced methanol. On the other hand, a 95% conversion was reached after 30 min using 1:6 substrates molar ratio, 70 °C and 7% lipase in the presence of 5Å molecular sieves for the methanol capture. In addition, the lipase showed good reusability, maintaining the same activity for five reaction cycles. Finally, under the above optimized conditions, other geraniol esters were successfully synthetized such as the geranyl butyrate (98%), geranyl hexanoate (99%), geranyl octanoate (98%), and geranyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (56%). These results demonstrate the microwave-assisted lipase-catalyzed transesterification in a solvent-free system as an excellent and sustainable catalytic methodology to produce geraniol esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Venturi
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Francesco Presini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Lindomar Alberto Lerin
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara - UNIFE, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, Ferrara, 44121, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang H, Li H, Lee CK, Mat Nanyan NS, Tay GS. Lipase-catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of monoglycerides from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol: Optimized using response surface methodology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31292. [PMID: 38803901 PMCID: PMC11129007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth of the biodiesel industry has resulted in significant quantity of crude glycerol. It is necessary to explore the synthesis of high-value-added products from crude glycerol. In this study, the enzymatic synthesis of monoglycerides under solvent-free conditions, employing crude glycerol as the primary feedstock, had been investigated. The analysis showed that the highest yield of monoglycerides was obtained after 12 h, and Novozym 435 showed the highest monoglyceride yield of 18.41 % among the three lipases tested, followed by Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme RM IM. Monoglycerides were synthesized from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol using Novozym 435 as the catalyst under solvent-free conditions at different parameters, which were catalyst concentration, substrate molar ratio, and temperature. The yield of monoglycerides was examined in single-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was subsequently employed to optimize the synthesis conditions based on the single-factor experimental results. The optimal conditions were at an enzyme concentration of 12.7 wt% and a molar ratio of crude glycerol:oil of 5.7:1 at a reaction temperature of 65.2 °C. The experimental yield of monoglycerides under the optimal conditions was 28.93 %, which is close to the value predicted from the RSM model (29.02 %).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
| | - HongPeng Li
- Tangshan Jinlihai Biodiesel Co. Ltd., Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang USM, 11800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Siódmiak J, Dulęba J, Kocot N, Mastalerz R, Haraldsson GG, Marszałł MP, Siódmiak T. A New Approach in Lipase-Octyl-Agarose Biocatalysis of 2-Arylpropionic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5084. [PMID: 38791124 PMCID: PMC11121684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of lipase immobilized on an octyl-agarose support to obtain the optically pure enantiomers of chiral drugs in reactions carried out in organic solvents is a great challenge for chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop optimal procedures to achieve a high enantioselectivity of the biocatalysts in the organic medium. Our paper describes a new approach to biocatalysis performed in an organic solvent with the use of CALB-octyl-agarose support including the application of a polypropylene reactor, an appropriate buffer for immobilization (Tris base-pH 9, 100 mM), a drying step, and then the storage of immobilized lipases in a climatic chamber or a refrigerator. An immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was used in the kinetic resolution of (R,S)-flurbiprofen by enantioselective esterification with methanol, reaching a high enantiomeric excess (eep = 89.6 ± 2.0%). As part of the immobilization optimization, the influence of different buffers was investigated. The effect of the reactor material and the reaction medium on the lipase activity was also studied. Moreover, the stability of the immobilized lipases: lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) and CALB during storage in various temperature and humidity conditions (climatic chamber and refrigerator) was tested. The application of the immobilized CALB in a polypropylene reactor allowed for receiving over 9-fold higher conversion values compared to the results achieved when conducting the reaction in a glass reactor, as well as approximately 30-fold higher conversion values in comparison with free lipase. The good stability of the CALB-octyl-agarose support was demonstrated. After 7 days of storage in a climatic chamber or refrigerator (with protection from humidity) approximately 60% higher conversion values were obtained compared to the results observed for the immobilized form that had not been stored. The new approach involving the application of the CALB-octyl-agarose support for reactions performed in organic solvents indicates a significant role of the polymer reactor material being used in achieving high catalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Siódmiak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Dulęba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Kocot
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Mastalerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | | | - Michał Piotr Marszałł
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Tomasz Siódmiak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.D.); (N.K.); (R.M.); (M.P.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-251 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiaradia V, Pensa E, Machado TO, Dove AP. Improving the Performance of Photoactive Terpene-Based Resin Formulations for Light-Based Additive Manufacturing. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:6904-6912. [PMID: 38725455 PMCID: PMC11077580 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Photocurable liquid formulations have been a key research focus for the preparation of mechanically robust and thermally stable networks. However, the development of renewable resins to replace petroleum-based commodities presents a great challenge in the field. From this perspective, we disclose the design of photoactive resins based on terpenes and itaconic acid, both potentially naturally sourced, to prepare photosets with adjustable thermomechanical properties. Biobased perillyl itaconate (PerIt) was synthesized from renewable perillyl alcohol and itaconic anhydride via a scalable solvent-free method. Photoirradiation of PerIt in the presence of a multiarm thiol and photoinitiator led to the formation of networks over a range of compositions. Addition of nonmodified terpenes (perillyl alcohol, linalool, or limonene) as reactive diluents allowed for more facile preparation of photocured networks. Photosets within a wide range of properties were accessed, and these could be adjusted by varying diluent type and thiol stoichiometry. The resins showed rapid photocuring kinetics and the ability to form either brittle or elastic materials, with Young's modulus and strain at break ranging from 3.6 to 358 MPa and 15 to 367%, respectively, depending on the chemical composition of the resin. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) were influenced by thioether content, with temperatures ranging from 5 to 43 °C, and all photosets displayed good thermal resistance with Td,5% > 190 °C. Selected formulations containing PerIt and limonene demonstrated suitability for additive manufacturing technologies and high-resolution objects were printed via digital light processing (DLP). Overall, this work presents a simple and straightforward route to prepare renewable resins for rapid prototyping applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Chiaradia
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Pensa
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Thiago O. Machado
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kai Z, Jiaying X, Xuechun L. Enhanced triolein and ethyl ferulate interesterification performance by CRL-AuNPs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130599. [PMID: 38493938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study established a Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) system to catalyze triolein and ethyl ferulate interesterification. The products were identified, and the binding mode between the substrates and CRL was predicted through molecular docking. Three methods for preparing CRL-AuNPs were proposed and characterized. It was found that the addition of 40 mL of 15 nm gold nanoparticles increased the CRL activity from 3.05 U/mg to 4.75 U/mg, but the hybridization efficiency was only 32.7 %. By using 4 mL of 0.1 mg/mL chloroauric acid, the hybridization efficiency was improved to 50.7 %, but the enzyme activity was sharply decreased. However, when the molar ratio of Mb to HAuCl4 was 0.2, the hybridization efficiency increased to 71.8 %, and the CRL activity was also enhanced to 5.98 U/mg. Under optimal conditions, the enzyme activity of CRL-AuNPs③ was maintained at 95 % after 6 repetitions and 85.6 % after 30 days at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Kai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Xin Jiaying
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Xuechun
- Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; LuDong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delavault A, Opochenska O, Schönrock S, Hollenbach R, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Intensification of Enzymatic Sorbityl Laurate Production in Dissolved and Neat Systems under Conventional and Microwave Heating. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17163-17173. [PMID: 38645351 PMCID: PMC11024949 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Glycolipids such as sugar alcohol esters have been demonstrated to be relevant for numerous applications across various domains of specialty. The use of organic solvents and, more recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to mediate lipase-supported bioconversions is gaining potential for industrial application. However, many challenges and limitations remain such as extensive time of production and relatively low productivities among others, which must be solved to strengthen such a biocatalytic process in industry. In this context, this study focuses on the intensification of sorbityl laurate production, as a model biocatalyzed reaction using Novozym 435, investigating the relevance of temperature, heating method, and solvent system. By increasing the reaction temperature from 50 to 90 °C, the space-time yield and product yield were considerably enhanced for reactions in DES and the organic solvent 2M2B, irrespective of the heating method (conventional or microwave heating). However, positive effects in 2M2B were more pronounced with conventional heating as 98% conversion yield was reached within 90 min at 90 °C, equating thus to a nearly 4-fold increase in performance yielding 118.0 ± 3.6 g/(L·h) productivity. With DES, the overall yield and space-time yield were lower with both heating methods. However, microwave heating enabled a 2-fold increase in both performance parameters when the reaction temperature was increased from 50 to 90 °C. Compared to conventional heating, a 7-fold increase in space-time yield at 50 °C and a 16-fold increase at 90 °C were achieved in DES by microwave heating. Furthermore, microwave irradiation enabled the usage of a neat, solvent-free system, representing an initial proof of concept with productivities of up to 13.3 ± 2.3 g/(L·h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Delavault
- Technical
Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Opochenska
- Technical
Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Sonja Schönrock
- Technical
Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hollenbach
- Biotechnological
Conversion, Technikum Laubholz GmbH, Göppingen 73033, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical
Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Melo RLF, Freire TM, Valério RBR, Neto FS, de Castro Bizerra V, Fernandes BCC, de Sousa Junior PG, da Fonseca AM, Soares JM, Fechine PBA, Dos Santos JCS. Enhancing biocatalyst performance through immobilization of lipase (Eversa® Transform 2.0) on hybrid amine-epoxy core-shell magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130730. [PMID: 38462111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles were functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and activated with epoxy. This support was used to immobilize Lipase (Eversa® Transform 2.0) (EVS), optimization using the Taguchi method. XRF, SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and VSM performed the characterizations. The optimal conditions were immobilization yield (I.Y.) of 95.04 ± 0.79 %, time of 15 h, ionic load of 95 mM, protein load of 5 mg/g, and temperature of 25 °C. The maximum loading capacity was 25 mg/g, and its stability in 60 days of storage showed a negligible loss of only 9.53 % of its activity. The biocatalyst demonstrated better stability at varying temperatures than free EVS, maintaining 28 % of its activity at 70 °C. It was feasible to esterify free fatty acids (FFA) from babassu oil with the best reaction of 97.91 % and ten cycles having an efficiency above 50 %. The esterification of produced biolubricant was confirmed by NMR, and it displayed kinematic viscosity and density of 6.052 mm2/s and 0.832 g/cm3, respectively, at 40 °C. The in-silico study showed a binding affinity of -5.8 kcal/mol between EVS and oleic acid, suggesting a stable substrate-lipase combination suitable for esterification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Leandro Fernandes Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60440-554, Brazil; Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Melo Freire
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussons Rodrigues Valério
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Francisco Simão Neto
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455-760, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Castro Bizerra
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE CEP 62790-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
- Departamento de Agronomia e Ciência Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Campus Mossoró, Mossoró, RN CEP 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gonçalves de Sousa Junior
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60455760, Brazil
| | - Aluísio Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE CEP 62790-970, Brazil
| | - João Maria Soares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Mossoró, Mossoró, RN CEP 59610-090, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, CE CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção, CE CEP 62790-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Badgujar KC, Badgujar JK, Bhanage BM. Improved biocatalytic activity of steapsin lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide medium for the synthesis of benzyl butyrate: A commercially important flavour compound. J Biotechnol 2024; 384:55-62. [PMID: 38401645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of flavours, fragrances and food additives compounds have great demand and market value. Benzyl butyrate is commercially important flavour and food additive compound having global use around 100 metric tons/year and widely used in various industrial sectors. However, industrial synthesis of food additive benzyl butyrate is carried out by conventional chemical process which demands for the green biobased sustainable synthetic process. The present work reports steapsin catalyzed synthesis of benzyl butyrate for the first time in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) reaction medium. All reaction variables are optimized in details to obtain competent conversion of 99% in Sc-CO2 reaction medium. The developed steapsin catalyzed synthesis in Sc-CO2 medium offered almost four-fold higher conversion to benzyl butyrate than organic (conventional) solvent. The steapsin biocatalyst was effectually recycled up to five reaction cycles in Sc-CO2 medium. Moreover, the developed steapsin catalyzed protocol in Sc-CO2 medium was extended to synthesize different ten industrially significant flavour fragrance compounds that offers 99% conversion and three to five-folds higher conversion than organic medium. Thus, the present steapsin catalyzed protocol offered improved synthesis of various commercially significant flavour compounds in Sc-CO2. medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar C Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jagruti K Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Bhalchandra M Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mosheim JR, Ruggieri F, Humeau C, Hance P, Willand N, Hilbert JL, Heuson E, Froidevaux R. Biocatalytic Regioselective O-acylation of Sesquiterpene Lactones from Chicory: A Pathway to Novel Ester Derivatives. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300722. [PMID: 38235523 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
We report the first biocatalytic modification of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) found in the chicory plants, specifically lactucin (Lc), 11β,13-dihydrolactucin (DHLc), lactucopicrin (Lp), and 11β,13-dihydrolactucopicrin (DHLp). The selective O-acylation of their primary alcohol group was carried out by the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) using various aliphatic vinyl esters as acyl donors. Perillyl alcohol, a simpler monoterpenoid, served as a model to set up the desired O-acetylation reaction by comparing the use of acetic acid and vinyl acetate as acyl donors. Similar conditions were then applied to DHLc, where five novel ester chains were selectively introduced onto the primary alcohol group, with conversions going from >99 % (acetate and propionate) to 69 % (octanoate). The synthesis of the corresponding O-acetyl esters of Lc, Lp, and DHLp was also successfully achieved with near-quantitative conversion. Molecular docking simulations were then performed to elucidate the preferred enzyme-substrate binding modes in the acylation reactions with STLs, as well as to understand their interactions with crucial amino acid residues at the active site. Our methodology enables the selective O-acylation of the primary alcohol group in four different STLs, offering possibilities for synthesizing novel derivatives with significant potential applications in pharmaceuticals or as biocontrol agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rodriguez Mosheim
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| | - F Ruggieri
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - C Humeau
- Univ. Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7274 - Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, -, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - P Hance
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
- Joint Laboratory University of Lille-Florimond-Desprez CHIC41Health, F-59655, Villeuneve d'Ascq, France
| | - N Willand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177-Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - J L Hilbert
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
- Joint Laboratory University of Lille-Florimond-Desprez CHIC41Health, F-59655, Villeuneve d'Ascq, France
| | - E Heuson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - R Froidevaux
- Univ. Lille, INRA, ISA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394 - Institut Charles Viollette, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Scheibel DM, Gitsov IPI, Gitsov I. Enzymes in "Green" Synthetic Chemistry: Laccase and Lipase. Molecules 2024; 29:989. [PMID: 38474502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play an important role in numerous natural processes and are increasingly being utilized as environmentally friendly substitutes and alternatives to many common catalysts. Their essential advantages are high catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, minimal formation of byproducts, and low energy demand. All of these benefits make enzymes highly desirable targets of academic research and industrial development. This review has the modest aim of briefly overviewing the classification, mechanism of action, basic kinetics and reaction condition effects that are common across all six enzyme classes. Special attention is devoted to immobilization strategies as the main tools to improve the resistance to environmental stress factors (temperature, pH and solvents) and prolong the catalytic lifecycle of these biocatalysts. The advantages and drawbacks of methods such as macromolecular crosslinking, solid scaffold carriers, entrapment, and surface modification (covalent and physical) are discussed and illustrated using numerous examples. Among the hundreds and possibly thousands of known and recently discovered enzymes, hydrolases and oxidoreductases are distinguished by their relative availability, stability, and wide use in synthetic applications, which include pharmaceutics, food and beverage treatments, environmental clean-up, and polymerizations. Two representatives of those groups-laccase (an oxidoreductase) and lipase (a hydrolase)-are discussed at length, including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and diverse usage. Objective representation of the current status and emerging trends are provided in the main conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M Scheibel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ioan Pavel Ivanov Gitsov
- Science and Technology, Medtronic Incorporated, 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park JY, Yu H, Charalampopoulos D, Park KM, Chang PS. Recent advances on erythorbyl fatty acid esters as multi-functional food emulsifiers. Food Chem 2024; 432:137242. [PMID: 37647709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, food scientists have investigated a wide range of emulsifiers to manufacture stable and safe emulsion-based food products. More recently, the development of emulsifiers with multi-functionality, which is the ability to have more than two functions, has been considered as a promising strategy for resolving rancidification and microbial contamination in emulsions. Erythorbyl fatty acid esters (EFEs) synthesized by enzymatic esterification of hydrophilic erythorbic acid and hydrophobic fatty acid have been proposed as multi-functional emulsifiers since they simultaneously exhibit amphiphilic, antioxidative, and antibacterial properties in both aqueous and emulsion systems. This review provides current knowledge about EFEs in terms of enzymatic synthesis and multi-functionality. All processes for synthesizing and identifying EFEs are discussed. Each functionality of EFEs and the proposed mechanism are described with analytical methodologies and experimental details. It would provide valuable insights into the development and application of a multi-functional emulsifier in food emulsion chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjong Yu
- Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Min Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lehmann P, Jopp S. Excellence in Acrylation - Scope and Limitation of Glucosyl Imidazolium-coated Novozym 435 Catalyzed (Meth)acryl Ester Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300918. [PMID: 38010632 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of carbohydrate based ionic liquids as a support for Novozym 435 was previously studied by the authors for the acrylation of n-butanol as the target substrate, which was used as the foundation for the design of experiments. The combination of carbohydrate based ionic liquids and Novozym 435 remains a key aspect of this work. Building upon this, the reaction parameters were optimized for the Novozym catalyst. Substrate screening was performed to explore the scope and limitations of room temperature acrylation reactions. Herein, different alcohols and reaction conditions were screened extensively for the different acrylate products with yields of up to 99.9 % determined via gas chromatography (GC). Standard straight chain alcohols, 2-functionalized ethanol derivatives with electron donating and withdrawing groups, and more sterically challenging substrates were investigated over a broad concentration region. To further underline the applicability of the modified biocatalyst, two alcohols were converted with methacrylic acid. The presented method offers a greener pathway for acrylate synthesis, which eliminates the need for high reaction temperatures, strongly acidic catalysts and/or polymerization inhibitors as used in non-biocatalytic acrylate synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Jopp
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bilal M, Singh AK, Iqbal HMN, Zdarta J, Chrobok A, Jesionowski T. Enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes as biocatalytic tools to degrade and mitigate environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117579. [PMID: 37944691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide array of organic compounds have been recognized as pollutants of high concern due to their controlled or uncontrolled presence in environmental matrices. The persistent prevalence of diverse organic pollutants, including pharmaceutical compounds, phenolic compounds, synthetic dyes, and other hazardous substances, necessitates robust measures for their practical and sustainable removal from water bodies. Several bioremediation and biodegradation methods have been invented and deployed, with a wide range of materials well-suited for diverse environments. Enzyme-linked carbon-based materials have been considered efficient biocatalytic platforms for the remediation of complex organic pollutants, mostly showing over 80% removal efficiency of micropollutants. The advantages of enzyme-linked carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in enzyme immobilization and improved catalytic potential may thus be advantageous for environmental research considering the current need for pollutant removal. This review outlines the perspective of current remediation approaches and highlights the advantageous features of enzyme-linked CNTs in the removal of pollutants, emphasizing their reusability and stability aspects. Furthermore, different applications of enzyme-linked CNTs in environmental research with concluding remarks and future outlooks have been highlighted. Enzyme-linked CNTs serve as a robust biocatalytic platform for the sustainability agenda with the aim of keeping the environment clean and safe from a variety of organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland; Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 Str., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland; Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Jakub Zdarta
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ortega-Requena S, Montiel C, Máximo F, Gómez M, Murcia MD, Bastida J. Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:268. [PMID: 38204120 PMCID: PMC10779758 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Esters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalysts, resulting in undesired additional steps to purify the final product by removing solvent residues, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. In accordance with the principles of "Green Chemistry" and the search for more environmentally friendly methods, a new alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced. This technique uses low temperatures and does not require the use of solvents, resulting in more environmentally friendly final products. Despite the large number of studies published on the biocatalytic synthesis of esters, little attention has been paid to the reactors used for it. Therefore, it is convenient to gather the scattered information regarding the type of reactor employed in these synthesis reactions, considering the industrial field in which the process is carried out. A comparison between the performance of the different reactor configurations will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions regarding their suitability for each specific industrial application. This review addresses, for the first time, the above aspects, which will undoubtedly help with the correct industrial implementation of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Josefa Bastida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.O.-R.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.D.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sato H, Hashimoto N, Watanabe Y, Ohtaka A. Regiospecificity of Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (CAL-B) towards 2,3-Diacyl-1-O-alkyl Glyceryl Ether in Ethanol. J Oleo Sci 2024; 73:55-63. [PMID: 38171731 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly pure 2,3-dioleoyl-1-O-alkyl glyceryl ether (DOGE), whose 1-position is a lipase-tolerant ether bond, was chemically synthesized and its detailed regioselectivity and acyl transfer were confirmed. During ethanolysis using immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) with DOGE as the substrate, monooleoyl-1-O-alkyl glyceryl ethers (MOGEs) and a few 1-alkyl glyceryl ethers were formed upon consumption of the substrate. The structure of MOGE was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and only the isomer of 2-MOGE was formed, indicating that CAL-B has complete α- regiospecificity. During ethanolysis, 3-MOGE was formed via acyl migration. These results indicate that the formation of 1-alkyl glyceryl ethers is not due to the imperfect regiospecificity of CAL-B, but rather due to ethanolysis of the formed 3-MOGE. The ethanolysis rate at the 3-α-position of DOGE was faster and the rate of acyl transfer was slightly slower for chain lengths greater than 14. These results show for the first time that both deacylation at the 3-position and acyl migration from the 2- to 3-position are affected by the structure of 1-position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sato
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
| | | | - Yomi Watanabe
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pardo-Tamayo JS, Arteaga-Collazos S, Domínguez-Hoyos LC, Godoy CA. Biocatalysts Based on Immobilized Lipases for the Production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters: Enhancement of Activity through Ionic Additives and Ion Exchange Supports. BIOTECH 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38131679 PMCID: PMC10742180 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic additives affect the structure, activity and stability of lipases, which allow for solving common application challenges, such as preventing the formation of protein aggregates or strengthening enzyme-support binding, preventing their desorption in organic media. This work aimed to design a biocatalyst, based on lipase improved by the addition of ionic additives, applicable in the production of ethyl esters of fatty acids (EE). Industrial enzymes from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Rhizomucor miehei (RML), Candida antárctica B (CALB) and Lecitase®, immobilized in commercial supports like Lewatit®, Purolite® and Q-Sepharose®, were tested. The best combination was achieved by immobilizing lipase TLL onto Q-Sepharose® as it surpassed, in terms of %EE (70.1%), the commercial biocatalyst Novozyme® 435 (52.7%) and was similar to that of Lipozyme TL IM (71.3%). Hence, the impact of ionic additives like polymers and surfactants on both free and immobilized TLL on Q-Sepharose® was assessed. It was observed that, when immobilized, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the TLL derivative exhibited a significantly higher activity, with a 93-fold increase (1.02 IU), compared to the free enzyme under identical conditions (0.011 IU). In fatty acids ethyl esters synthesis, Q-SDS-TLL novel derivatives achieved results similar to commercial biocatalysts using up to ~82 times less enzyme (1 mg/g). This creates an opportunity to develop biocatalysts with reduced enzyme consumption, a factor often associated with higher production costs. Such advancements would ease their integration into the biodiesel industry, fostering a greener production approach compared to conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Pardo-Tamayo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
| | | | | | - César A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rioux B, Mouterde LMM, Alarcan J, Abiola TT, Vink MJA, Woolley JM, Peru AAM, Mention MM, Brunissen F, Berden G, Oomens J, Braeuning A, Stavros VG, Allais F. An expeditive and green chemo-enzymatic route to diester sinapoyl-l-malate analogues: sustainable bioinspired and biosourced UV filters and molecular heaters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13962-13978. [PMID: 38075651 PMCID: PMC10699562 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04836e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinapoyl malate, naturally present in plants, has proved to be an exceptional UV filter and molecular heater for plants. Although there are nowadays industrially relevant sustainable synthetic routes to sinapoyl malate, its incorporation into certain cosmetic formulations, as well as its adsorption on plant leaves, is limited by its hydrophilicity. To overcome these obstacles, it is important to find a way to effectively control the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of sinapoyl malate to make it readily compatible with the cosmetic formulations and stick on the waxy cuticle of leaves. To this end, herein, we describe a highly regioselective chemo-enzymatic synthesis of sinapoyl malate analogues possessing fatty aliphatic chains of variable length, enabling the lipophilicity of the compounds to be modulated. The potential toxicity (i.e., mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, acute and repeated-dose toxicity), bioaccumulation, persistence and biodegradability potential of these new analogues were evaluated in silico, along with the study of their transient absorption spectroscopy, their photostability as well as their photodegradation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rioux
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Jimmy Alarcan
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Temitope T Abiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories 80 St. George Street Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Matthias J A Vink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525ED Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jack M Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Matthieu M Mention
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Fanny Brunissen
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525ED Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7 6525ED Nijmegen Netherlands
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech 51110 Pomacle France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zieniuk B, Stępniewski TM, Fabiszewska A. Do they make a good match? Molecular dynamics studies on CALB-catalyzed esterification of 3-phenylpropionic and cinnamic acids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 750:109807. [PMID: 37923242 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are versatile catalysts widely used in industrial biotransformations and laboratory-scale developed reactions with industrial potential. Despite the fact that lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) is one of the most widely used lipolytic enzymes, its substrate specificity is still poorly understood. One observed trend is that reactions carried out with carboxylic acids containing a double bond are less efficient on average. Here, we have utilized a combination of in vitro and in silico techniques, to better understand the negative impact of a double bond on CALB-mediated esterification. Then through extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we were able to map the entry pathway of cinnamic acid and its derivative into the CALB active site, and their interactions with catalytic residues. We observed a 2 step binding mechanism of studied compounds, where they first penetrate the enzyme pocket in a conformation where their carboxylic groups are extended towards the solvent. This is followed by further penetration of the acid into the enzymatic active pocket, and a full rotation within the active site, which orients the acid in a conformation that allows further steps of the esterification reaction. As acids containing a double bond are more rigid, their mobility and thus ability to rotate in the narrow CALB active site is hampered, which provides a structural explanation for the decreased efficiency of such acids. Our data provide insight into the substrate specificity of CALB-mediated esterification, providing important structural guidelines to better understand and potentially improve the efficiency of such reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Maciej Stępniewski
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; InterAx Biotech AG, PARK InnovAARE, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Agata Fabiszewska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kanprakobkit W, Wichai U, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kielar F. Isolation of Fatty Acids from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Capsaicinoids and Their Use in Enzymatic Acidolysis of Coconut Oil. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:1097-1111. [PMID: 37989304 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin obtained from chili peppers, and the utilization of the isolated fatty acids for the modification of coconut oil using enzyme catalyzed acidolysis. This work was carried out as the fatty acids that can be isolated from capsaicinoid hydrolysis have been shown to possess interesting biological properties. These biological properties could be better exploited by incorporating the fatty acids into a suitable delivery vehicle. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mixture of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin was carried out using Novozym® 435 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at 50℃. The enzyme catalyst could be reused in multiple cycles of the hydrolysis reaction. The desired 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid were isolated from the hydrolysis reaction mixture using a simple extraction procedure with a 47.8% yield. This was carried out by first extracting the reaction mixture at pH 10 with ethyl acetate to remove any dissolved capsaicinoids and vanillyl amine side product. The fatty acids were isolated after adjustment of the pH of the reaction mixture to 5 and second extraction with ethyl acetate. The acidolysis of coconut oil with the obtained fatty acids was performed using Lipozyme® TL IM. The performance of the acidolysis reaction was evaluated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and verified in selected cases using gas chromatography. The best performing conditions involved carrying out the acidolysis reaction at 60℃ with a 1.2 w/w ratio of the fatty acids to coconut oil and 10% enzyme loading for 72 h. This resulted in the incorporation of 26.61% and 9.86% of 8-methyl-6-trans-nonenoic acid and 8-methylnonanoic acid, respectively, into the modified coconut oil product. This product can act as a potential delivery vehicle for these interesting compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winranath Kanprakobkit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| | | | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mexia N, Benohoud M, Rayner CM, Blackburn RS. Chemo- and regio-selective enzymatic lipophilisation of rutin, and physicochemical and antioxidant properties of rutin ester derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35216-35230. [PMID: 38053683 PMCID: PMC10694792 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are one of the most powerful tools in organic Green Chemistry and enzymatic reactions offer numerous advantages like regio- and enantio-selectivity along with their eco-friendly and sustainable nature. More specifically, lipases can catalyse both ester hydrolysis and formation depending on the nature of the substrate and water content. Herein, the focus is on the development of an enzymatically catalysed lipophilisation of natural compounds using lipases of microbial origin and the investigation of the optimal reaction conditions, aiming ultimately to ameliorate the compounds' properties. The flavonoid disaccharide rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) was the model compound on which the acylation protocol was built, allowing an efficient procedure to be established, while simultaneously offering the possibility of developing rapid, clear and robust methodologies, using state-of-the-art techniques, for analysis and purification of the synthesized compounds. An optimal 72 h reaction at 55 °C, using Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on acrylic resin, combined with silicon dioxide as dehydrating agent, followed by product purification, achieved conversion ratios up to 50%. Full characterization and evaluation of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the esterified compounds was obtained. The lipophilicity of the rutin esters produced increased with increasing alkyl chain length, yet antioxidant properties were unaffected in comparison with the parent compound. A preparatively useful acylation protocol was established, allowing full investigation into the properties of the acylated compounds. It is also applicable for use on mixtures of compounds as most natural products are found in nature in mixtures and such a development greatly enhances the potential of this method for future commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikitia Mexia
- Leeds Institute of Textiles and Colour, School of Design, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Christopher M Rayner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Keracol Limited Nexus, Discovery Way Leeds LS2 3AA UK
| | - Richard S Blackburn
- Leeds Institute of Textiles and Colour, School of Design, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Keracol Limited Nexus, Discovery Way Leeds LS2 3AA UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Monteiro RRC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Rocha-Martin J, Vieira RS, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108215. [PMID: 37473819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worries by the inadequate use of energy and the preservation of nature are promoting an increasing interest in the production of biolubricants. After discussing the necessity of producing biolubricants, this review focuses on the production of these interesting molecules through the use of lipases, discussing the different possibilities (esterification of free fatty acids, hydroesterification or transesterification of oils and fats, transesterification of biodiesel with more adequate alcohols, estolides production, modification of fatty acids). The utilization of discarded substrates has special interest due to the double positive ecological impact (e.g., oil distillated, overused oils). Pros and cons of all these possibilities, together with general considerations to optimize the different processes will be outlined. Some possibilities to overcome some of the problems detected in the production of these interesting compounds will be also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho R C Monteiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo S Vieira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455760 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kutluk T, Kutluk BG. Lipase catalysis: an environmentally friendly production for polyol esters (biolubricant) from microalgae oil. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4099-4112. [PMID: 35588240 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2079999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the optimized lipase-catalysed esterification reaction from novel feedstock microalgae (Chlorella protothecoides) oil-free fatty acids (FFAs) for biolubricant (Trimethylolpropane (TMP)-triesters) synthesis. FFAs were obtained from microalgae oil by enzymatic hydrolysis. Response surface methodology (RSM) with the central composite design was performed to investigate the effect of experimental factors (lipase amount, TMP/FFAs molar ratio, reaction temperature) on the FFAs conversion and also investigated to resolve the optimum design points. After the experimental studies, the highest FFAs conversion of 93% with 92% triester and 8% mono, di esters contents were found when the lipase amount was 5.5%. TMP/FFAs molar ratio was 0.33 and the reaction temperature value was 60°C. The model fitted with the experimental values with R2 = 0.97. It was also supported by gas chromatography and FTIR analyses that the product obtained was a lubricant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Togayhan Kutluk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yin JJ, Wang YP, Xue J, Zhou FF, Shan XQ, Zhu R, Fang K, Shi L, Zhang SY, Hou SH, Xia W, Tu YQ. Total Syntheses of Polycyclic Diterpenes Phomopsene, Methyl Phomopsenonate, and iso-Phomopsene via Reorganization of C-C Single Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21170-21175. [PMID: 37605370 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of polycyclic diterpenes phomopsene (1), methyl phomopsenonate (2), and iso-phomopsene (3) have been accomplished through the unusual cascade reorganization of C-C single bonds. This approach features: (i) a synergistic Nazarov cyclization/double ring expansions in one-step, developed by authors, to rapid and stereospecific construction of the 5/5/5/5 tetraquinane scaffold bearing contiguous quaternary centers and (ii) a one-pot strategic ring expansion through Beckmann fragmentation/recombination to efficiently assemble the requisite 5/5/6/5 tetracyclic skeleton of the target molecules 1-3. This work enables us to determine that the correct structure of iso-phomopsene is, in fact, the C7 epimer of the originally assigned structure. Finally, the absolute configurations of three target molecules were confirmed through enantioselective synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yin
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yun-Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Jun Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Feng-Fan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Xing-Qian Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Kun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Si-Hua Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frontier Scientific Center of Transformative Molecules, Shanghai key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Minhang 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wijaya T, Kitao A. Energetic and Kinetic Origins of CALB Interfacial Activation Revealed by PaCS-MD/MSM. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7431-7441. [PMID: 37562019 PMCID: PMC10476181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The conformational dynamics of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, parallel cascade selection MD (PaCS-MD), and the Markov state model (MSM) and mainly focused on the lid-opening motion closely related to substrate binding. All-atom MD simulation of CALB was conducted in water and on the interface of water and tricaprylin. CALB initially situated in water and separated by layers of water from the interface is spontaneously adsorbed onto the tricaprylin surface during MD simulation. The opening and closing motions of the lid are simulated by PaCS-MD, and subsequent MSM analysis provided the free-energy landscape and time scale of the conformational transitions among the closed, semiopen, and open states. The closed state is the most stable in the water system, but the stable conformation in the interface system shifts to the semiopen state. These effects could explain the energetics and kinetics origin of the previously reported interfacial activation of CALB. These findings could help expand the application of CALB toward a wide variety of substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegar
N. Wijaya
- School
of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute
of Technology. 2-12-1
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Akio Kitao
- School
of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute
of Technology. 2-12-1
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The ability to site-selectively modify equivalent functional groups in a molecule has the potential to streamline syntheses and increase product yields by lowering step counts. Enzymes catalyze site-selective transformations throughout primary and secondary metabolism, but leveraging this capability for non-native substrates and reactions requires a detailed understanding of the potential and limitations of enzyme catalysis and how these bounds can be extended by protein engineering. In this review, we discuss representative examples of site-selective enzyme catalysis involving functional group manipulation and C-H bond functionalization. We include illustrative examples of native catalysis, but our focus is on cases involving non-native substrates and reactions often using engineered enzymes. We then discuss the use of these enzymes for chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis and conclude with a survey of tools and techniques that could expand the scope of non-native site-selective enzyme catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
dos Santos LN, Perna RF, Vieira AC, de Almeida AF, Ferreira NR. Trends in the Use of Lipases: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3058. [PMID: 37628057 PMCID: PMC10453403 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific mapping using bibliometric data network analysis was applied to analyze research works related to lipases and their industrial applications, evaluating the current state of research, challenges, and opportunities in the use of these biocatalysts, based on the evaluation of a large number of publications on the topic, allowing a comprehensive systematic data analysis, which had not yet been conducted in relation to studies specifically covering lipases and their industrial applications. Thus, studies involving lipase enzymes published from 2018 to 2022 were accessed from the Web of Science database. The extracted records result in the analysis of terms of bibliographic compatibility among the articles, co-occurrence of keywords, and co-citation of journals using the VOSviewer algorithm in the construction of bibliometric maps. This systematic review analysis of 357 documents, including original and review articles, revealed studies inspired by lipase enzymes in the research period, showing that the development of research, together with different areas of knowledge, presents good results related to the applications of lipases, due to information synchronization. Furthermore, this review showed the main challenges in lipase applications regarding increased production and operational stability; establishing well-defined evaluation criteria, such as cultivation conditions, activity, biocatalyst stability, type of support and reactor; thermodynamic studies; reuse cycles; and it can assist in defining goals for the development of successful large-scale applications, showing several points for improvement of future studies on lipase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucely Nogueira dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Firmani Perna
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Poços de Caldas 37715-400, Brazil; (R.F.P.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Poços de Caldas 37715-400, Brazil; (R.F.P.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Alex Fernando de Almeida
- Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT-TO), Gurupi 77402-970, Brazil;
| | - Nelson Rosa Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rubens M, Falireas P, Vanbroekhoven K, Van Hecke W, Kaya GE, Baytekin B, Vendamme R. Molecular Design of Lignin-Derived Side-Chain Phenolic Polymers toward Functional Radical Scavenging Materials with Antioxidant and Antistatic Properties. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3498-3509. [PMID: 37167224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a new family of functional side-chain phenolic polymers derived from lignin monomers, displaying a combination of properties that are usually mutually exclusive within a single material. This includes a well-defined molecular structure, transparency, antioxidant activity, and antistatic properties. Our design strategy is based on the lignin-derived bioaromatic monomer dihydroconiferyl alcohol (DCA), a promising and yet largely unexplored asymmetrical diol bearing one aliphatic and one phenolic hydroxyl group. A lipase-catalyzed (meth)acrylation protocol was developed to selectively functionalize the aliphatic hydroxy group of DCA while preserving its phenolic group responsible for its radical scavenging properties. The resulting mono-(meth)acrylated monomers were then directly copolymerized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization without any protection of the phenolic side chains. Kinetics studies revealed that, under select conditions, these unprotected phenolic groups surprisingly did not inhibit the radical polymerization and lead to polymers with defined molar masses, low dispersities, and block copolymers. Finally, applications of these new radical scavenging polymers were demonstrated using an antioxidant assay and antistatic experiments. This research opens the door to the direct incorporation of natural antioxidants within the synthetic polymer backbones, increasing the biobased content and limiting the leaching of potentially harmful additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Rubens
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Falireas
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Hecke
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Görkem Eylül Kaya
- UNAM National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Bilge Baytekin
- UNAM National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Richard Vendamme
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (Vito N.V.), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wafti NSA, Choong TSY, Lau HLN, Yunus R, Abd-Aziz S, Raof NA. Kinetic study on the production of biodegradable lubricant by enzymatic transesterification of high oleic palm oil. Process Biochem 2023; 131:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
46
|
Orsy G, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E. A Sustainable Green Enzymatic Method for Amide Bond Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:5706. [PMID: 37570676 PMCID: PMC10419938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustainable enzymatic strategy for the preparation of amides by using Candida antarctica lipase B as the biocatalyst and cyclopentyl methyl ether as a green and safe solvent was devised. The method is simple and efficient and it produces amides with excellent conversions and yields without the need for intensive purification steps. The scope of the reaction was extended to the preparation of 28 diverse amides using four different free carboxylic acids and seven primary and secondary amines, including cyclic amines. This enzymatic methodology has the potential to become a green and industrially reliable process for direct amide synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- György Orsy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sayeh Shahmohammadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Amari JAA, Sangiorgio S, Pargoletti E, Rabuffetti M, Zaccheria F, Usuelli F, Quaranta V, Speranza G, Cappelletti G. Chemically vs Enzymatically Synthesized Polyglycerol-Based Esters: A Comparison between Their Surfactancy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26405-26413. [PMID: 37521610 PMCID: PMC10373213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyglycerol fatty acid esters (PGFAEs) are gaining interest in several industrial sectors due to their excellent surfactant properties and their wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values. Moreover, they can be prepared from renewable resources, i.e., fatty acids and glycerol. In this study, polyglycerol-2 stearic acid esters (PG2SAEs) were synthesized by the enzymatic esterification of polyglycerol-2 (PG2) and stearic acid (SA) using the immobilized lipase Novozym 435 as a biocatalyst in a solvent-free system. Reaction conditions, i.e., temperature (80 °C), reactant ratio (1:1.8), and enzyme loading (2.7% w/w), were finely optimized; furthermore, biocatalyst recycling was studied by assessing the residual activity of the lipase after each reaction cycle, up to 20 times. The composition of the enzymatically synthesized products (E) was roughly evaluated by chromatographic methods and mass spectrometry and compared with that of the esters obtained by acid-catalyzed esterification (C). Then, the surfactant properties of the prepared polyglycerol-based surfactants were investigated by interfacial tension studies. Specifically, the emulsifying capacity and stability and the rheological behavior of O/W emulsions prepared in the presence of E were deeply investigated in comparison with those of the chemically synthesized and commercially available product C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Sangiorgio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pargoletti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Zaccheria
- CNR,
Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta”
(SCITEC), Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Usuelli
- Res
Novare S.r.l., via Italia
197, Int.10 c/o Centro comm. Globo, 20874 Busnago, Italy
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Res
Novare S.r.l., via Italia
197, Int.10 c/o Centro comm. Globo, 20874 Busnago, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pintor A, Lavandera I, Volkov A, Gotor-Fernández V. Chemoselective Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Amido Derivatives from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfurylamine. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:10284-10292. [PMID: 37476422 PMCID: PMC10354804 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The acylations of furfurylamine and 5-hydroxymethylfurfurylamine (HMFA) have been studied finding immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) as an ideal biocatalyst. CALB was used immobilized on two different supports (Novozyme 435 and EziG-CALB), with the polymer-coated controlled porosity glass carrier material from EnginZyme being an excellent carrier to yield an active and stable enzymatic preparation for the acylation of the primary amine group. The amount of the acyl donor in the reaction was a key factor to achieve the mono- and chemoselective N-protection of HMFA with large excess of ethyl acetate leading to the formation of the N,O-diacetylated product. Thus, a series of 16 nonactivated esters were used to selectively modify the amine group of HMFA, obtaining 9 hydroxy amides under mild reaction conditions and with quantitative yields through chromatography-free transformations. The influence of substrate concentration was studied, resulting in complete conversions in all cases after 22 h (100-1000 mM). Excellent results were observed at 100 and 200 mM of HMFA, while higher concentrations led to longer reaction times and, to some extent, the formation of the diacetylated product (up to 7% after 22 h at 1 M). After this optimization, a metric analysis was performed to confirm the high sustainability of the presented process (E-factor of 1.1 excluding solvents) upon intensification of the biotransformation to 1 g at 200 mM HMFA concentration. The possibility of obtaining orthogonally protected HMFA-derived amido esters has been achieved through a clean and sequential one-pot process using EziG-CALB, which involved the use of ethyl methoxy acetate as the nonactivated ester for N-acylation and the activated vinyl acetate for O-protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antía Pintor
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University
of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- EnginZyme
AB, Tomtebodavägen
6, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University
of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Alexey Volkov
- EnginZyme
AB, Tomtebodavägen
6, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University
of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Silva FMWG, Szemes J, Mustashev A, Takács O, Imarah AO, Poppe L. Immobilization of Lipase B from Candida antarctica on Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhances Its Selectivity in Kinetic Resolutions of Chiral Amines with Several Acylating Agents. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1560. [PMID: 37511935 PMCID: PMC10381355 DOI: 10.3390/life13071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions (KRs), the choice of immobilization support and acylating agents (AAs) is crucial. Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (CaLB-MNPs) has been successfully used for diverse KRs of racemic compounds, but there is a lack of studies of the utilization of this potent biocatalyst in the KR of chiral amines, important pharmaceutical building blocks. Therefore, in this work, several racemic amines (heptane-2-amine, 1-methoxypropan-2-amine, 1-phenylethan-1-amine, and 4-phenylbutan-2-amine, (±)-1a-d, respectively) were studied in batch and continuous-flow mode utilizing different AAs, such as diisopropyl malonate 2A, isopropyl 2-cyanoacetate 2B, and isopropyl 2-ethoxyacetate 2C. The reactions performed with CaLB-MNPs were compared with Novozym 435 (N435) and the results in the literature. CaLB-MNPs were less active than N435, leading to lower conversion, but demonstrated a higher enantiomer selectivity, proving to be a good alternative to the commercial form. Compound 2C resulted in the best balance between conversion and enantiomer selectivity among the acylating agents. CaLB-MNPs proved to be efficient in the KR of chiral amines, having comparable or superior properties to other CaLB forms utilizing porous matrices for immobilization. An additional advantage of using CaLB-MNPs is that the purification and reuse processes are facilitated via magnetic retention/separation. In the continuous-flow mode, the usability and operational stability of CaLB-MNPs were reaffirmed, corroborating with previous studies, and the results overall improve our understanding of this potent biocatalyst and the convenient U-shape reactor used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto M W G Silva
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Szemes
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Akan Mustashev
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Takács
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ali O Imarah
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla Babylon 5100, Iraq
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János Str. 11, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SynBiocat Ltd., Szilasliget u 3, H-1172 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jang WY, Sohn JH, Chang JH. Thermally Stable and Reusable Silica and Nano-Fructosome Encapsulated CalB Enzyme Particles for Rapid Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Acylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9838. [PMID: 37372985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the preparation of silica-coated and nano-fructosome encapsulated Candida antarctica lipase B particles (CalB@NF@SiO2) and a demonstration of their enzymatic hydrolysis and acylation. CalB@NF@SiO2 particles were prepared as a function of TEOS concentration (3-100 mM). Their mean particle size was 185 nm by TEM. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to compare catalytic efficiencies of CalB@NF and CalB@NF@SiO2. The catalytic constants (Km, Vmax, and Kcat) of CalB@NF and CalB@NF@SiO2 were calculated using the Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot. Optimal stability of CalB@NF@SiO2 was found at pH 8 and a temperature of 35 °C. Moreover, CalB@NF@SiO2 particles were reused for seven cycles to evaluate their reusability. In addition, enzymatic synthesis of benzyl benzoate was demonstrated via an acylation reaction with benzoic anhydride. The efficiency of CalB@NF@SiO2 for converting benzoic anhydride to benzyl benzoate by the acylation reaction was 97%, indicating that benzoic anhydride was almost completely converted to benzyl benzoate. Consequently, CalB@NF@SiO2 particles are better than CalB@NF particles for enzymatic synthesis. In addition, they are reusable with high stability at optimal pH and temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Jang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sohn
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|