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Wang X, Jin Y, Di C, Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Pan Z, Li Z, Ling W. Supplementation of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Salvianolic Acids B and Puerarin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolism to Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1169. [PMID: 38674860 PMCID: PMC11053752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin were considered healthy food agents with tremendous potential to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms by which they interact with gut microbiota to exert benefits are largely unknown. After 8 weeks of NAFLD modeling, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups and fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with a medium or high dose of Silybum marianum extract contained silymarin or polyherbal extract contained silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin for 16 weeks, respectively. The untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used for molecular mechanisms exploration. The intervention of silymarin and polyherbal extract significantly improved liver steatosis and recovered liver function in the mice, accompanied by an increase in probiotics like Akkermansia and Blautia, and suppressed Clostridium, which related to changes in the bile acids profile in feces and serum. Fecal microbiome transplantation confirmed that this alteration of microbiota and its metabolites were responsible for the improvement in NAFLD. The present study substantiated that alterations of the gut microbiota upon silymarin and polyherbal extract intervention have beneficial effects on HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and suggested the pivotal role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the amelioration of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Di
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Hong Y, Song G, Feng X, Niu J, Wang L, Yang C, Luo X, Zhou S, Ma W. The Probiotic Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 Alleviates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet C57BL/6J Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1124. [PMID: 38611428 PMCID: PMC11011337 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity poses a significant threat to various health conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart attack, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in maintaining the body's energy balance. We identified a novel probiotic fungal strain, Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 (K. lactis), which was isolated from yak milk and was found to possess anti-obesity properties. Additionally, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 8198 (LP8198) from our previous study was also included to evaluate its anti-obesity properties. The findings indicated that K. lactis caused a notable reduction in weight gain, liver and fat indexes, and hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Administering K. lactis and LP8198 to mice on a high-fat diet resulted in a reduction of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the supplements reduced ALT and AST activity, and inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, lipid metabolism was enhanced by the downregulation of ACC1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, and Fasn. Moreover, this study found that K. lactis and LP8198 have little effect on gut bacteria. Additionally, K. lactis partially influenced intestinal fungi, while LP8198 had a minor influence on gut mycobiota. The main goal of this research was to show how effective K. lactis can be as a probiotic in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Guodong Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Jialei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Caini Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Sa Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
- Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
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Liu Q, Cheng L, Wang M, Shen L, Zhang C, Mu J, Hu Y, Yang Y, He K, Yan H, Zhao L, Yang S. Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate improve high-carbohydrate diet utilization by regulating gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:50. [PMID: 38566217 PMCID: PMC10988814 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate level of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help to conserve protein and reduce cost. However, studies have indicated that high-carbohydrate (HC) diet disrupt the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis in largemouth bass, resulting in decreased intestinal acetate and butyrate level. METHOD Herein, we had concepted a set of feeding experiment to assess the effects of dietary sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) on liver health and the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. The experimental design comprised 5 isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including LC (9% starch), HC (18% starch), HCSA (18% starch; 2 g/kg SA), HCSB (18% starch; 2 g/kg SB), and HCSASB (18% starch; 1 g/kg SA + 1 g/kg SB). Juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were fed on these diets for 56 d. RESULTS We found that dietary SA and SB reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by activating autophagy (ATG101, LC3B and TFEB), promoting lipolysis (CPT1α, HSL and AMPKα), and inhibiting adipogenesis (FAS, ACCA, SCD1 and PPARγ). In addition, SA and SB decreased oxidative stress in the liver (CAT, GPX1α and SOD1) by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, SA and SB alleviated HC-induced inflammation by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, COX2 and Hepcidin1) through the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, SA and SB increased the abundance of bacteria that produced acetic acid and butyrate (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1). Combined with the KEGG analysis, the results showed that SA and SB enriched carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, thereby improving the utilization of carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that growth performance was closely related to hepatic lipid deposition, autophagy, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and intestinal microbial composition. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dietary SA and SB can reduce hepatic lipid deposition; and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in largemouth bass fed on HC diet. These beneficial effects may be due to the altered composition of the gut microbiota caused by SA and SB. The improvement effects of SB were stronger than those associated with SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangshun Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Maozhu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianfeng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoxiao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Wang J, Bao C, Cao H, Huang F, Liu Y, Cao Y. Multi-copy expression of a protease-resistant xylanase with high xylan degradation ability and its application in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128633. [PMID: 38070812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The acidic thermostable xylanase (AT-xynA) has great potential in the feed industry, but its low activity is not conductive to large-scale production, and its application in poultry diets still needs to be further evaluated. In Experiment1, AT-xynA activity increased 3.10 times by constructing multi-copy strains, and the highest activity reached 10,018.29 ± 91.18 U/mL. AT-xynA showed protease resistance, high specificity for xylan substrates, xylobiose and xylotriose were the main hydrolysates. In Experiment2, 192 broilers were assigned into 3 treatments including a wheat-based diet, and the diets supplemented with AT-xynA during the entire period (XY-42) or exclusively during the early stage (XY-21). AT-xynA improved growth performance, while the performance of XY-21 and XY-42 was identical. To further clarify the mechanism underlying the particular effectiveness of AT-xynA during the early stage, 128 broilers were allotted into 2 treatments including a wheat-based diet and the diet supplemented with AT-xynA for 42 d in Experiment3. AT-xynA improved intestinal digestive function and microbiota composition, the benefits were stronger in younger broilers than older ones. Overall, the activity of AT-xynA exhibiting protease resistance and high xylan degradation ability increased by constructing multi-copy strains, and AT-xynA was particularly effective in improving broiler performance during the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Gong L, Liu F, Liu J, Wang J. Dietary fiber (oligosaccharide and non-starch polysaccharide) in preventing and treating functional gastrointestinal disorders - Challenges and controversies: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128835. [PMID: 38128805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a group of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal functional diseases, including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional constipation. A lack of safe and reliable treatments for abdominal pain-related FGIDs has prompted interest in new therapies. Evidence has shown that supplementation with dietary fiber may help treat FGIDs. Dietary fibers (DFs) have been demonstrated to have regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, microbiota metabolites, and gastrointestinal movement and have important implications for preventing and treating FGIDs. However, the adverse effects of some DFs, such as fermentable oligosaccharides, on FGIDs are unclear. This review provides an overview of the DFs physiological properties and functional characteristics that influence their use in management of FGIDs, with emphasis on structural modification technology to improve their therapeutic activities. The review highlights that the use of appropriate or novel fibers is a potential therapeutic approach for FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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Li W, Lan T, Ding Q, Ren Z, Tang Z, Tang Q, Peng X, Xu Y, Sun Z. Effect of Low Protein Diets Supplemented with Sodium Butyrate, Medium-Chain Fatty Acids, or n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Microbiome of Weaned Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17592. [PMID: 38139420 PMCID: PMC10743886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-protein (LP) diets supplemented with sodium butyrate (SB), medium-chain fatty acids (MCT), or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the growth performance, immune function, and the microbiome of weaned piglets. A total of 120 healthy weaned piglets ((Landrace × Large White × Duroc); 7.93 ± 0.7 kg initial body weight), were randomly divided into five groups. Each group consisted of six replications with four piglets per replication. Dietary treatments included control diet (CON); LP diet (LP); LP + 0.2% SB diet (LP + SB); LP + 0.2% MCT diet (LP + MCT); and LP + PUFA diet (LP + PUFA). The experimental period lasted for 4 weeks. Compared with the CON diet, LP, LP + SB, LP + MCT, and LP + PUFA diets decreased the final weight and average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (p < 0.05). There were lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of IL-8 and higher (p < 0.05) Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the plasma of piglets fed with LP + SB, LP + MCT, and LP + PUFA diets than those fed with the LP diet. The piglets in the LP + SB and LP + PUFA groups had lower IKK-alpha (IKKa) mRNA expression in the colonic mucosa compared with those in the CON and LP groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TLR4 in the colonic mucosa of piglets in the LP + SB, LP + MCT, and LP + PUFA groups was decreased when compared with the CON and LP groups (p < 0.05). The LP + MCT diets increased the gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the colonic mucosa of piglets compared with CON, LP, and LP + SB diets (p < 0.05). The abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae in the colonic microbiome of piglets in the LP group was higher than that in the other four groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, this study showed that LP diets supplemented with SB, MCT, or n-3 PUFA reduced plasma inflammatory factor levels, increased plasma GSH-Px activity, and declined mRNA expression of TLR4 and IKKa in the colonic epithelium, whereas it reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae in the colon of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (W.L.)
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Wang A, Li Z, Sun Z, Zhang D, Ma X. Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids bridge cardiac and systemic metabolism and immunity in heart failure. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109370. [PMID: 37245797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a group of complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality and has a significant global health burden. Inflammation and metabolic disorders are closely related to the development of HF, which are complex and depend on the severity and type of HF and common metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. An increasing body of evidence indicates the importance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating cardiac function. In addition, SCFAs represent a unique class of metabolites and play a distinct role in shaping systemic immunity and metabolism. In this review, we reveal the role of SCFAs as a link between metabolism and immunity, which regulate cardiac and systemic immune and metabolic systems by acting as energy substrates, inhibiting the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) regulated genes and activating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling. Ultimately cardiac efficiency is improved, cardiac inflammation alleviated and cardiac function in failing hearts enhanced. In conclusion, SCFAs represent a new therapeutic approach for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Dawu Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China.
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Qiu Z, Li Y, Fu Y, Yang Y. Research progress of AMP-activated protein kinase and cardiac aging. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220710. [PMID: 37671091 PMCID: PMC10476487 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of aging is marked by a gradual deterioration in the physiological functions and functional reserves of various tissues and organs, leading to an increased susceptibility to diseases and even death. Aging manifests in a tissue- and organ-specific manner, and is characterized by varying rates and direct and indirect interactions among different tissues and organs. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, with older adults (aged >70 years) accounting for approximately two-thirds of CVD-related deaths. The prevalence of CVD increases exponentially with an individual's age. Aging is a critical independent risk factor for the development of CVD. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation exerts cardioprotective effects in the heart and restores cellular metabolic functions by modulating gene expression and regulating protein levels through its interaction with multiple target proteins. Additionally, AMPK enhances mitochondrial function and cellular energy status by facilitating the utilization of energy substrates. This review focuses on the role of AMPK in the process of cardiac aging and maintaining normal metabolic levels and redox homeostasis in the heart, particularly in the presence of oxidative stress and the invasion of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Qiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yancheng Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Yanru Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
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Karaś K, Karwaciak I, Chałaśkiewicz K, Sałkowska A, Pastwińska J, Bachorz RA, Ratajewski M. Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor AT7519. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115002. [PMID: 37311277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancerous tumors and one of the leading causes of death among cancer-related disorders. Chemotherapy is ineffective in HCC patients, and the number of drugs that are in use is limited. Thus, new molecules are needed that could increase the effectiveness of anti-HCC regimens. Here, we show that AT7519, a CDK inhibitor, exerts positive effects on HCC cells: it inhibits proliferation, migration and clonogenicity. Detailed analysis of the transcriptomes of cells treated with this compound indicated that AT7519 affects a substantial portion of genes that are associated with HCC development and progression. Moreover, we showed that the concomitant use of AT7519 with gefitinib or cabozantinib sensitized HCC cells to these drugs. Thus, our research indicates that AT7519 is worth considering in monotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients or in combination with other drugs, e.g., gefitinib or cabozantinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Sałkowska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał A Bachorz
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Zhao Y, Xue L, Li S, Wu T, Liu R, Sui W, Zhang M. The Effects of Synbiotics on Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis: The Impact of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Endogenous/Exogenous Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112251. [PMID: 37297494 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) isolated from mice feces (LP-M) and pickles (LP-P) were chosen as the endogenous and exogenous L. plantarum, respectively, which were separately combined with chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) to be synbiotics. The anti-inflammatory activity of LP-M, LP-P, COS, and the synbiotics was explored using dextran-sodium-sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis mice, as well as by comparing the synergistic effects of COS with LP-M or LP-P. The results revealed that L. plantarum, COS, and the synbiotics alleviated the symptoms of mice colitis and inhibited the changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) caused by DSS. In addition, the intervention of L. plantarum, COS, and the synbiotics increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus and suppressed the pathogenic bacteria Turicibacter and Escherichia-Shigella. There was no statistically difference between LP-M and the endogenous synbiotics on intestinal immunity and metabolism. However, the exogenous synbiotics improved SCFAs, inhibited the changes in cytokines and MPO activity, and restored the gut microbiota more effectively than exogenous L. plantarum LP-P. This indicated that the anti-inflammatory activity of exogenous LP-P can be increased by combining it with COS as a synbiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liangyu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shunqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Zhang
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
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11
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Choudhury R, Gu Y, Bolhuis JE, Kleerebezem M. Early feeding leads to molecular maturation of the gut mucosal immune system in suckling piglets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208891. [PMID: 37304274 PMCID: PMC10248722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diet-microbiota-host interactions are increasingly studied to comprehend their implications in host metabolism and overall health. Keeping in mind the importance of early life programming in shaping intestinal mucosal development, the pre-weaning period can be utilised to understand these interactions in suckling piglets. The objective of this study was to investigate the consequences of early life feeding on the time-resolved mucosal transcriptional program as well as mucosal morphology. Methods A customised fibrous feed was provided to piglets (early-fed or EF group; 7 litters) from five days of age until weaning (29 days of age) in addition to sow's milk, whereas control piglets (CON; 6 litters) suckled mother's milk only. Rectal swabs, intestinal content, and mucosal tissues (jejunum, colon) were obtained pre- and post-weaning for microbiota analysis (16S amplicon sequencing) and host transcriptome analysis (RNA sequencing). Results Early feeding accelerated both microbiota colonisation as well as host transcriptome, towards a more "mature state", with a more pronounced response in colon compared to jejunum. Early feeding elicited the largest impact on the colon transcriptome just before weaning (compared to post-weaning time-points), exemplified by the modulation of genes involved in cholesterol and energy metabolism and immune response. The transcriptional impact of early feeding persisted during the first days post-weaning and was highlighted by a stronger mucosal response to the weaning stress, via pronounced activation of barrier repair reactions, which is a combination of immune activation, epithelial migration and "wound-repair" like processes, compared to the CON piglets. Discussion Our study demonstrates the potential of early life nutrition in neonatal piglets as a means to support their intestinal development during the suckling period, and to improve adaptation during the weaning transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raka Choudhury
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuner Gu
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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12
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Chen N, Liu Y, Wei S, Zong X, Zhou G, Lu Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Jin M. Dynamic changes of inulin utilization associated with longitudinal development of gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:952-963. [PMID: 36596372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a typical kind of fermentable polysaccharide and has emerged as a promising dietary supplement due to its multiple health-promoting effects. This study aimed to unveil the dynamic change pattern of inulin utilizability as a fermentation substrate during gut microbiota development and illuminate its potential association with gut microbiota in Chinese Jinhua native pig models via longitudinal analyses. Herein, fresh feces were collected at one week pre- and post-weaning as well as 3rd month post-weaning, respectively. Targeted metabolomics and in vitro simulated fermentation revealed increasing concentrations of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and elevating utilizability of inulin as a fermentation substrate. Microbiomic analyses demonstrated the conspicuous longitudinal alteration in gut microbial composition and a significant rise in microbial community diversity during gut microbiota development. Furthermore, gut microbial functional analyses showed a remarkable increase in the relative abundances of carbohydrate metabolism pathways, including pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism pathway, butanoate metabolism pathway as well as fructose and mannose metabolism pathway. Notably, relative abundances of bacterial genera Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium and Enterococcus displayed significantly positive correlations with the production of microbial fermentation-derived SCFAs. Collectively, these findings offer novel insights into understanding inulin utilizability variations from the perspective of gut microbiota development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Siyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guilian Zhou
- Weifang Newhope Liuhe Feed Technology Co. Ltd, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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13
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Moderating Gut Microbiome/Mitochondrial Axis in Oxazolone Induced Ulcerative Colitis: The Evolving Role of β-Glucan and/or, Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Fidarestat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032711. [PMID: 36769034 PMCID: PMC9917140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the dynamic interactions between the mitochondria and the gut microbiome is thought to offer innovative explanations for many diseases and thus provide innovative management approaches, especially in GIT-related autoimmune diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). β-Glucans, important components of many nutritious diets, including oats and mushrooms, have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating actions. Our research study sought to provide insight into the function of β-glucan and/or fidarestat in modifying the microbiome/mitochondrial gut axis in the treatment of UC. A total of 50 Wistar albino male rats were grouped into five groups: control, UC, β-Glucan, Fidarestat, and combined treatment groups. All the groups were tested for the presence of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 (FFAR-2 and -3) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA gene expressions. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and ATP content were found. The trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were also examined. Nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) DNA binding activity, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 (PGC-1) were identified using the ELISA method. We observed a substantial increase FFAR-2, -3, and TFAM mRNA expression after the therapy. Similar increases were seen in the ATP levels, MMP, SCFA, PGC-1, and Nrf2 DNA binding activity. The levels of ROS, TMAO, and NF-kβ, on the other hand, significantly decreased. Using β-glucan and fidarestat together had unique therapeutic benefits in treating UC by focusing on the microbiota/mitochondrial axis, opening up a new avenue for a potential treatment for such a complex, multidimensional illness.
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14
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Wu A, Gao Y, Kan R, Ren P, Xue C, Kong B, Tang Q. Alginate Oligosaccharides Prevent Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010220. [PMID: 36613442 PMCID: PMC9818813 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides are degradation products of alginate and have attracted increasing attention due to their versatile biological functions. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were used to assess the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of guluronate oligosaccharides (GAOS), mannuronic oligosaccharides (MAOS), and heterozygous alginate oligosaccharides (HAOS), which are the three alginate oligosaccharides of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. The study showed that alginate oligosaccharides alleviated pathological histological damage by slowing down weight loss, inhibiting colonic length shortening, and reducing disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological scores. Alginate oligosaccharides modulated the colonic inflammatory response by reducing colonic MPO levels and downregulating the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β. Alginate oligosaccharides reduced intestinal permeability and reversed intestinal barrier damage by increasing the number of goblet cells, decreasing LPS levels, downregulating Bax protein levels, upregulating Bcl-2 protein levels, and enhancing the expression of the E-cadherin. Furthermore, alginate oligosaccharides modulated the composition of the gut microbiota and restored the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate and butyrate. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific basis for the role of alginate oligosaccharides in relieving ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axue Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ruotong Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13912383919
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15
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Nie L, Yan Q, Zhang S, Cao Y, Zhou X. Duodenal Mucosa: A New Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:53-59. [PMID: 36309189 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After a high-fat and high-sugar diet, the duodenal mucosa of rodents proliferate and trigger the signal of insulin resistance, which may be the cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In response to this phenomenon, researchers have designed the duodenal mucosal resurfacing (DMR) procedure, mainly through the hydrothermal ablation procedure, to restore the normal mucosal surface, thereby correcting this abnormal metabolic signal. This article aims to understand the changes in duodenum before and after the onset or treatment of T2D, and the potential mechanisms of DMR procedure. METHODS A literature search of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted using appropriate keywords. RESULTS Both animal and clinical studies have shown that the villus thickness, intestinal cells, glucose transporters, enteric nerves, and gut microbiota and their metabolites in the duodenum undergo corresponding changes before and after the onset or treatment of T2D. These changes may be related to the pathogenesis of T2D. DMR procedure may produce beneficial glycemic and hepatic metabolic effects by regulating these changes. CONCLUSION The duodenum is an important metabolic signaling center, and limiting nutrient exposure to this critical region will have powerful metabolic benefits. The DMR procedure may regulate glycemic and hepatic parameters through various mechanisms, which needs to be further confirmed by a large number of animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiJuan Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - QianHua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - YuTian Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - XiQiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Liu J, Luo Y, Kong X, Yu B, Zheng P, Huang Z, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Different Pig Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233298. [PMID: 36496820 PMCID: PMC9740264 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health in different pig breeds, forty Taoyuan and Duroc pigs (pure breeds) of 60 days of age were randomly divided into a 2 (diet) × 2 (breed) factorial experiment (n = 10), and fed with a basal diet (BD) or high-fiber diet (HFD). The trial lasted for 28 d, and results showed that the Taoyuan pigs had a higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) and digestibilities of gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) were higher in Taoyuan pigs than in the Duroc pigs under HFD feeding (p < 0.05). The HFD increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in Taoyuan pigs (p < 0.05). Interestingly, Taoyuan pigs had a higher jejunal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) than the Duroc pigs. The HFD significantly improved the villus height and V/C ratio in duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05). The HFD also increased the jejunal maltase and ileal sucrase activities in Duroc and Taoyuan pigs, respectively (p < 0.05). Taoyuan pigs had a higher expression level of duodenal fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) than the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HFD acutely improved the expression levels of ileal SGLT-1 and GLUT-2, and the expression levels of jejunal occludin and claudin-1 in Taoyuan pigs (p < 0.05). Importantly, Taoyuan pigs had a higher colonic Bifidobacterium abundance than the Duroc pigs (p < 0.05). The HFD not only elevated the colonic Lactobacillus abundance and butyrate acid content in Taoyuan pigs, but also increased the acetic and propionic acid contents in both the pig breeds (p < 0.05). These results indicated a difference in dietary fiber (DF) utilization by the two pig breeds, and results may also suggest a beneficial character of DF in regulating intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-13419354223 (J.H.); Fax: +86-28-8629-1781 (J.H.)
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (J.H.); Tel.: +86-13419354223 (J.H.); Fax: +86-28-8629-1781 (J.H.)
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17
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Rekha K, Venkidasamy B, Samynathan R, Nagella P, Rebezov M, Khayrullin M, Ponomarev E, Bouyahya A, Sarkar T, Shariati MA, Thiruvengadam M, Simal-Gandara J. Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2461-2489. [PMID: 36154353 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliaperumal Rekha
- Department of Environmental and Herbal Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Ponomarev
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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18
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Health Benefits and Side Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182863. [PMID: 36140990 PMCID: PMC9498509 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and their metabolites could play an important role in health and diseases of human beings. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are mainly produced by gut microbiome fermentation of dietary fiber and could also be produced by bacteria of the skin and vagina. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are three major SCFAs, and their bioactivities have been widely studied. The SCFAs have many health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. This paper summarizes health benefits and side effects of SCFAs with a special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. This paper provides better support for people eating dietary fiber as well as ways for dietary fiber to be developed into functional food to prevent diseases.
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Li Y, Bai D, Lu Y, Chen J, Yang H, Mu Y, Xu J, Huang X, Li L. The crude guava polysaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice via reshaping gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:234-246. [PMID: 35605721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Guava is a popular fruit consumed worldwide with beneficial effects in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Although polysaccharides are a major phytochemical component of guava, to date, the alleviative effects of polysaccharides from the guava fruit against diet-induced obesity remain unclear. The relationship between the anti-obesity effects of guava polysaccharide (GP) and gut microbiota is unknown. In current study, seven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with GP (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 11 weeks. GP supplementation alleviated HFD-induced body weight gain and visceral obesity, and reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL-C levels. In addition, GP ameliorated insulin resistance and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation and meta-inflammation in both liver and adipose tissues in obese mice. Remarkably, GP treatment restored the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, induced growth of beneficial bacteria including Clostridium XlVa, Parvibacter, and Enterorhabdus, and decreased in inflammation-related bacteria Mucispirillum in mice fecal samples, accompanied with enhanced production of colonic short chain fatty acids especially butyric acid. However, the metabolic benefits of GP diminished in antibiotics-treated HFD-fed mice. Overall, GP improved metabolic profiles in HFD-induced obese mice via the mediation of gut microbiota-dependent pathways. GP might be developed and utilized as prebiotics in nutraceutical and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Dongsong Bai
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Haoning Yang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Yu Mu
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China
| | - Liya Li
- Institute of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, PR China.
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20
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Jin X, Liu Y, Vallee I, Karadjian G, Liu M, Liu X. Lentinan -triggered butyrate-producing bacteria drive the expulsion of the intestinal helminth Trichinella spiralis in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926765. [PMID: 35967395 PMCID: PMC9371446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichinellosis caused by Trichinella spiralis is a serious zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. Lentinan (LNT) is known to modulate the intestinal environment with noted health benefits, yet the effect of LNT against intestinal helminth is unknown. In our study, we first observed that LNT could trigger worm expulsion by promoting mucus layer functions through alteration of gut microbiota. LNT restored the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria altered by T. spiralis infection to the control group level. Interestingly, LNT triggered the production of butyrate. Then, we determined the deworming capacity of probiotics (butyrate-producing bacteria) in mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that LNT could modulate intestinal dysbiosis by T. spiralis, drive the expulsion of intestinal helminth and provided an easily implementable strategy to improve the host defence against T. spiralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Isabelle Vallee
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, University Paris-Est, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gregory Karadjian
- UMR BIPAR, Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, INRA, University Paris-Est, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Liu,
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21
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Xu B, Ye Z, Tian T, Zhu R, Liu C, Fang X, Zhang D, Fu M, Gao S, Zhao D. Loganin regulates glycolipid metabolism by influencing intestinal microbiota and AMPK signaling in obese mice. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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22
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Liu J, Wang X, Zhang W, Kulyar MFEA, Ullah K, Han Z, Qin J, Bi C, Wang Y, Li K. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in healthy and diarrheic yaks. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:111. [PMID: 35659293 PMCID: PMC9164553 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yak (Bos grunniens) mainly inhabiting Tibet Plateau, displayed a high incidence of diarrhea due to harsh living environment and nutritional deficit. Gut microbial community has been reported to be closely related to many diseases including diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, but information regarding diarrheic influence on gut microbiota in yaks remains scarce. Here, this study was performed to investigate the gut bacterial and fungal alternations of diarrheic yaks. RESULTS Results revealed that the gut bacterial and fungal communities of diarrheic yaks showed a distinct decline in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant shifts in taxonomic compositions. Specifically, diarrhea caused a distinct increase in the relative abundance of 1 phylum and 8 genera as well as a distinct decrease in 3 phyla and 30 genera. Fungal taxonomic analysis indicated that the relative richness of 1 phylum and 2 genera dramatically increased, whereas the relative richness of 2 phylum and 43 genera significantly decreased during diarrhea. Surprisingly, 2 bacterial genera and 5 fungal genera even cannot be detected in the gut microbiota of diarrheic yaks. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study indicated that the gut bacterial and fungal compositions and diversities of yaks altered significantly during diarrhea. Moreover, these findings also contribute to understanding the gut microbial composition and diversity of yaks and developing strategies to alleviate and prevent diarrhea from gut microbial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong, 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zhaoqing Han
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong, 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong, 276005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongliang Bi
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong, 276005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Li A, Wang Y, Hao J, Wang L, Quan L, Duan K, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Ullah K, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li K. Long-term hexavalent chromium exposure disturbs the gut microbial homeostasis of chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113532. [PMID: 35472558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial production, ore smelting and sewage disposal plant can discharge large amounts of heavy metals every year, which may contaminate soil, water and air, posing a great threat to ecological environment and animal production. Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], a recognized metallic contaminant, has been shown to impair kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract of many species, but little is known about the gut microbial characteristics of chickens exposed to Cr (VI). Herein, this study characterized the gut microbial alternations of chickens exposed to Cr (VI). Results indicated that the gut microbial alpha-diversity in chickens exposed to Cr (VI) decreased significantly, accompanied by a distinct shifts in taxonomic composition. Microbial taxonomic analysis demonstrated that the preponderant phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota) were the same in both groups, but different in types and relative abundances of dominant genera. Moreover, some bacterial taxa including 2 phyla and 47 genera significantly decreased, whereas 3 phyla and 17 genera significantly increased during Cr (VI) exposure. Among decreased taxa, 9 genera (Coprobacter, Ruminococcus_1, Faecalicoccus, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Parasutterella, Slackia, Barnesiella, Family_XIII_UCG-001 and Collinsella) even cannot be detected. In conclusion, this study revealed that Cr (VI) exposure dramatically decrased the gut microbial diversity and altered microbial composition of chickens. Additionally, this study also provided a theoretical basis for relieving Cr (VI) poisoning from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Animal husbandry station of Bijie City, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Lingtong Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kun Duan
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | | | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Ficus hirta Vahl. Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3474723. [PMID: 35592528 PMCID: PMC9113867 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3474723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become one of the most serious liver diseases threatening human health in the world. Currently, Chinese herbal medicine is a potentially important treatment option for NAFLD, and the development of effective Chinese herbal medicine has a good prospect. Previous studies have suggested that Ficus hirta Vahl. (FV) has various protective effects on the liver. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic outcomes of FV treatment for the liver disease and its underlying mechanism using HepG2 cell lines induced by palmitate (PA) and mouse model fed with high-fat diet (HFD). FV mainly exerts pharmacological effects by mediating lipid metabolism and inflammation. During the lipid metabolism regulation process, CD36, SREBP-1, SCD1, PPAR γ, ACOX1, and CPT1α are the key factors related to the healing effects of FV on NAFLD. During the inflammation process, the downregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α is involved in alleviation of NAFLD. Furthermore, CD36 overexpression promotes lipid abnormal metabolism and inflammation in PA-induced HepG2 cells, while CD36 knockdown and FV supplementation reverse these responses. In addition, FV also modulates gut microbiota composition, such as Allobaculum, Faecalibaculum, and Butyricicoccus in HFD-fed mice. In summary, our findings demonstrated that FV exerted a beneficial preventive and therapeutic effect on NAFLD by improving lipid metabolism and inflammation as well as regulating the structure of gut microbiota, and therefore, FV may be a candidate for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Li F, Kang Z, Wu X, Wu W. Rice bran protein oxidation induced by rancidity alters the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:5430-5441. [PMID: 35475442 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03308e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein is crucial for maintaining body growth and plays a significant role in shaping the gut microbiota. Rice bran (RB) rancidity can induce rice bran protein (RBP) oxidation and change the structural characteristics, which further impacts the functional properties and nutritional value of RBP. Therefore, the impact of rancidity-induced RBP oxidation on the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability was evaluated. Oxidized RBP significantly altered the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and impacted the microbial profile at phylum and genus levels, and moderately oxidized RBP caused increasing abundance of Akkermansia and reducing abundance of Desulfovibrio. Different oxidation extents of RBP induced different biomarkers, indicating that the composition of the gut microbiota presented an oxidation extent-dependent pattern. Oxidized RBP also significantly promoted the level of formic acid and reduced the level of isovaleric acid. Moreover, oxidized RBP significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to tight junction proteins. The phenomena indicated that oxidized RBP significantly changed the composition of the gut microbiota and improved the barrier function of the intestine, while showing fewer effects on the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The research provides a theoretical reference for understanding the effects of plant protein oxidation on intestinal health during food storage and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoran Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Southern Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China. .,National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P. R. China
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26
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Du L, Wang Q, Ji S, Sun Y, Huang W, Zhang Y, Li S, Yan S, Jin H. Metabolomic and Microbial Remodeling by Shanmei Capsule Improves Hyperlipidemia in High Fat Food-Induced Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:729940. [PMID: 35573781 PMCID: PMC9094705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.729940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia refers to a chronic disease caused by systemic metabolic disorder, and its pathophysiology is very complex. Shanmei capsule (SM) is a famous preparation with a long tradition of use for anti-hyperlipidemia treatment in China. However, the regulation mechanism of SM on hyperlipidemia has not been elucidated so far. In this study, a combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS techniques and 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of SM treatment on plasma metabolism-mediated change and intestinal homeostasis. The results indicated that SM potently ameliorated high-fat diet-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and reduced the histopathological injury. Pathway analysis indicated that alterations of differential metabolites were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, linolenic acid metabolism, α-linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. These changes were accompanied by a significant perturbation of intestinal microbiota characterized by marked increased microbial richness and changed microbiota composition. There were many genera illustrating strong correlations with hyperlipidemia-related markers (e.g., weight gains, GLU, and total cholesterol), including the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and the Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group. Overall, this study initially confirmed that hyperlipidemia is associated with metabolic disturbance and intestinal microbiota disorders, and SM can be employed to help decrease hyperlipidemia risk, including improving the abnormal metabolic profile and maintaining the gut microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shikai Yan, ; Huizi Jin,
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shikai Yan, ; Huizi Jin,
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27
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Gut microbiome-modulating properties of a polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement comprised of hibiscus and lemon verbena extracts. Monitoring of phenolic metabolites. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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28
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Safwat El-Deeb O, El-Esawy RO, Al-Shenawy HA, Ghanem HB. Modulating gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis: the restorative effects of β-glucan and/or celastrol. Redox Rep 2022; 27:60-69. [PMID: 35246012 PMCID: PMC8903761 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2046425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Microbiome–Mitochondria interaction is gaining a significant attention; thus, studying its mechanism emerges as a must to provide restorative lines in managing diseases. The aim is to study the mechanistic effects of β-Glucan and/or Celastrol in oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods 75 Wistar rats were allocated into 5 equal groups. Group I: control group. Group II: UC group, Group III: β-Glucan-treated UC group, Group IV: Celastrol-treated UC group & Group V: mutual treatment group. All groups were subjected to the detection of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator1α (PGC-1α) mRNA gene expressions. Citrate synthase (CS) activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentration was measured. Results After treatment we monitored significant upregulation of FFAR-2 and PGC-1α mRNA expression. Likewise, ATP level and CS activity were significantly increased. On the contrary, there was a significant lessening in ROS and TMAO levels with improvement of MMP. Conclusion Mutual use of β- Glucan and Celastrol had a greater effect than each alone against UC, which is considered a novel finding highlighting the ameliorative effects of this combined treatment in modulating Microbiome/Mitochondria axis, thus launching promising avenues for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | | - Heba Bassiony Ghanem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Liu Z, Yin B. Alterations in the Gut Microbial Composition and Diversity of Tibetan Sheep Infected With Echinococcus granulosus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:778789. [PMID: 35097041 PMCID: PMC8792969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.778789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatidosis/cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic zoonotic disease worldwide, threatening animal health and production and public health safety. However, it is still unclear that whether E. granulosus infection can result in the alteration of gut microbiota in Tibetan sheep. Therefore, a study was designed to investigate the influences of E. granulosus infection on gut microbiota of Tibetan sheep. A total of 10 ovine small intestinal contents (five from healthy and five from infected) were obtained and subjected to high-throughput sequencing by MiSeq platform. A total of 2,395,641 sequences and 585 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all samples. Moreover, the proportions of Armatimonadetes and Firmicutes in the infected Tibetan sheep were significantly decreased, whereas Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria had significantly increased. At the genus level, the Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group were the predominant bacterial genera in all the samples. Furthermore, the healthy Tibetan sheep exhibited higher abundances of Intestinimonas, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Ruminococcaceae, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Oxobacter, Prevotella_1, Ruminiclostridium_6, Coprococcus_1, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-002, Olsenella, and Acetitomaculum, whereas Kocuria, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Slackia, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas levels were lower. In conclusion, our results conveyed an information that E. granulosus infection may cause an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. Additionally, a significant dynamical change in gut microbiota could be associated with E. granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
- Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Liu
| | - Baishuang Yin
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Jilin Province, Jilin, China
- Baishuang Yin
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Ma H, Hu Y, Zhang B, Shao Z, Roura E, Wang S. Tea polyphenol – gut microbiota interactions: hints on improving the metabolic syndrome in a multi-element and multi-target manner. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Li X, Li C, Li Y, Liu C, Liang X, Liu T, Liu Z. Sodium nitroprusside protects HFD induced gut dysfunction via activating AMPKα/SIRT1 signaling. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 34600475 PMCID: PMC8487517 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/Sirtuin1 (AMPK/SIRT1) exerts an effect in alleviating obesity and gut damage. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, has been reported to activate AMPK. This study was to investigate the effect of SNP on HFD induced gut dysfunction and the mechanism. Methods SNP was applied on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated Caco-2 cell monolayers which mimicked intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and HFD-fed mice which were complicated by gut dysfunction. Then AMPKα/SIRT1 pathway and gut barrier indicators were investigated. Results SNP rescued the loss of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, the inhibition of AMPKα/SIRT1 in LPS stimulated Caco-2 cell monolayers, and the effects were not shown when AMPKa1 was knocked-down by siRNA. SNP also alleviated HFD induced obesity and gut dysfunction in mice, as indicated by the decreasing of intestinal permeability, the increasing expression of ZO-1 and occludin, the decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and the repairing of gut microbiota dysbiosis. These effects were complicated by the increased colonic NO content and the activated AMPKα/SIRT1 signaling. Conclusions The results may imply that SNP, as a NO donor, alleviates HFD induced gut dysfunction probably by activating the AMPKα/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Chen Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Yuanqi Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Abdominal Surgery, Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
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Liu C, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. In-depth analysis of the mechanisms of aloe polysaccharides on mitigating subacute colitis in mice via microbiota informatics. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118041. [PMID: 33966825 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aloe polysaccharides (APs) are indigestible bioactive polysaccharides, while can be fermented by colonic microbiota. Although plant polysaccharides can alleviate subacute ulcerative colitis (SUC), the mechanisms APs regulated SUC via colonic microbiota have not been fully explored. Hence, to elucidate the complex interactions between the novel APs, colonic microbiota, SCFAs, and inflammation, the SUC mouse model and in-depth analysis were performed, including multiple bioinformatics analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). After APs intervention, SCFAs and SCFAs-producing genus, including Akkermansia and Blautia, were increased in colon, and the colonic inflammation and barrier dysfunction were alleviated significantly in SUC mice. Spearman analysis found positive correlations between microbiota and SCFAs. PICRUSt2 and KEGG analysis revealed 6-pyruvoyltetra hydropterin synthase in folate biosynthesis metabolism pathway was activated, while phosphotransferase system was inhibited. SEM results further proved APs was beneficial to gut micro-ecological balance in mice via SCFAs metabolism and anti-inflammatory functions. Together, APs could be exploited to alleviate SUC as dietary therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Yan N, Wang L, Li Y, Wang T, Yang L, Yan R, Wang H, Jia S. Metformin intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254321. [PMID: 34264978 PMCID: PMC8282009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Metformin (MET) presents pleiotropic benefits in the control of chronic metabolic diseases, but the impacts of MET intervention on gut microbiota and inflammation in AS remain largely unclear. In this study, ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) were adopted to assess the MET treatment. After 12 weeks of MET intervention (100mg·kg-1·d-1), relevant indications were investigated. As indicated by the pathological measurements, the atherosclerotic lesion was alleviated with MET intervention. Moreover, parameters in AS including body weights (BWs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated; whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels were decreased, which could be reversed by MET intervention. Elevated pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) in AS were decreased after MET administration. However, anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed no significant difference between AS group and AS+MET group. Consistently, accumulated macrophages in the aorta of AS were conversely lowered with MET treatment. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis displayed that the overall community of gut microbiota in AS was notably changed with MET treatment mainly through decreasing Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Romboutsia, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, as well as increasing Akkermansia, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium. Additionally, we found that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in AS were decreased, which were significantly up-regulated with MET intervention. Consistent with the attenuation of MET on gut dysbiosis, decreased intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO)-1 in AS was restored after MET supplementation. Correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, microbial metabolites SCFAs and inflammation. Collectively, MET intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation, thus can potentially serve as an inexpensive and effective intervention for the control of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- * E-mail: (SJ); (HW)
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- * E-mail: (SJ); (HW)
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Liu C, Hua H, Zhu H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Aloe polysaccharides ameliorate acute colitis in mice via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and short-chain fatty acids metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:804-812. [PMID: 34229016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aloe polysaccharides (APs) are acetyl polysaccharides. It has been reported APs could protect mice from ulcerative colitis (UC), but the complex interactions between APs and the intestinal barrier were unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between APs and UC, and determined the synergistic effects of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism on protecting intestinal barrier in acute UC mice. Results showed APs could scavenge free radicals in vitro. In vivo, APs had the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect both in serum and colon. Besides, the pathological results showed APs could alleviate colonic lesions. Furthermore, our study indicated treatment with APs effectively increased SCFAs production. The inhibition of acute UC in mice was correlated with the APs-mediated effects on improving the expression of ZO-1, occludin, Nrf2, HO-I, and NQO1. Thus, APs effectively promoted the intestinal barrier via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and SCFAs metabolism, effectively ameliorating acute colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Hanyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - HongKang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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Liu C, Du P, Guo Y, Xie Y, Yu H, Yao W, Cheng Y, Qian H. Extraction, characterization of aloe polysaccharides and the in-depth analysis of its prebiotic effects on mice gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rajeev R, Seethalakshmi PS, Jena PK, Prathiviraj R, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Gut microbiome responses in the metabolism of human dietary components: Implications in health and homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7615-7631. [PMID: 34016000 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1916429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome and its link with human health and disease have gained a lot of attention recently. The microbiome executes its functions in the host by carrying out the transformation of dietary components and/or de novo synthesis of various essential nutrients. The presence of complex microbial communities makes it difficult to understand the host-microbiome interplay in the metabolism of dietary components. This review attempts to uncover the incredible role of the gut microbiome in the metabolism of dietary components, diet-microbiome interplay, and restoration of the microbiome. The in silico analysis performed in this study elucidates the functional description of essential/hub genes involved in the amino acid degradation pathway, which are mutually present in the host and its gut microbiome. Hence, the computational model helps comprehend the inter-and intracellular molecular networks between humans and their microbial partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Rajeev
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - P S Seethalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Immunology and infectious disease research, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R Prathiviraj
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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Fecal Microbiome Transplantation from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Modulates Tryptophan and Serotonergic Synapse Metabolism and Induces Altered Behaviors in Germ-Free Mice. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e01343-20. [PMID: 33824200 PMCID: PMC8547010 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01343-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the relationship of the gut microbiota and its metabolites with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behaviors and preliminarily explore the potential molecular mechanisms, the fecal microbiota from donors with ASD and typically developing (TD) donors were transferred into germ-free (GF) mice to obtain ASD-FMT mice and TD-FMT mice, respectively. Behavioral tests were conducted on these mice after 3 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the cecal contents and untargeted metabolomic analysis of the cecum, serum, and prefrontal cortex were performed. Untargeted metabolomics was also used to analyze fecal samples of TD and ASD children. Western blotting detected the protein expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), serotonin transporter (SERT), and serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) in the colon and TPH2, SERT, and 5-HT1AR in the prefrontal cortex of mice. ASD-FMT mice showed ASD-like behavior and a microbial community structure different from that of TD-FMT mice. Tryptophan and serotonin metabolisms were altered in both ASD and TD children and ASD-FMT and TD-FMT mice. Some microbiota may be related to tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. Compared with TD-FMT mice, ASD-FMT mice showed low SERT and 5-HT1AR and high TPH1 expression levels in the colon. In the prefrontal cortex, the expression levels of TPH2 and SERT were increased in the ASD-FMT group relative to the TD-FMT group. Therefore, the fecal microbiome of ASD children can lead to ASD-like behaviors, different microbial community structures, and altered tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in GF mice. These changes may be related to changes in some key proteins involved in the synthesis and transport of serotonin. IMPORTANCE The relationship between the gut microbiota and ASD is not yet fully understood. Numerous studies have focused on the differences in intestinal microbial and metabolism profiles between TD and ASD children. However, it is still not clear if these microbes and metabolites cause the development of ASD symptoms. Here, we collected fecal samples from TD and ASD children, transplanted them into GF mice, and found that the fecal microbiome of ASD children can lead to ASD-like behaviors, different microbial community structures, and altered tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in GF mice. We also demonstrated that tryptophan and serotonin metabolism was also altered in ASD and TD children. Together, these findings confirm that the microbiome from children with ASD may lead to ASD-like behavior of GF mice through metabolites, especially tryptophan and serotonin metabolism.
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Wang Y, Guan Y, Xue L, Liu J, Yang Z, Nie C, Yan Y, Liu S, Sun J, Fan M, Qian H, Ying H, Li Y, Wang L. L-Arabinose suppresses gluconeogenesis through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic disorder mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1745-1756. [PMID: 33502423 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
l-Arabinose is a kind of plant-specific five-carbon aldose with benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been shown to have good properties in improving glucose homeostasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not clear. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis. Here, this study aimed to investigate whether l-arabinose could improve glucose metabolism via suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis. High-fat-high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) or high-sucrose diet (HSD)-fed mice were supplemented with or without l-arabinose for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured and glucose tolerance test and the histological analysis were performed after l-arabinose administration. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. As expected, l-arabinose apparently decreased body weight and attenuated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance caused by HFHSD or HSD. l-Arabinose also had beneficial effects on glycogen synthesis by inactivating GSK3β. The expression levels of gluconeogenic genes were all decreased by l-arabinose administration in vivo and in vitro. In addition, our work revealed that AMPK is required for the inhibitory effects of l-arabinose on hepatic gluconeogenesis. l-Arabinose significantly up-regulated the phosphorylated levels of AMPK and its downstream protein ACC. Furthermore, blocking AMPK signaling through an inhibitor (compound C) or siAMPK significantly attenuated the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and the promotion of glycogen synthesis with l-arabinose, indicating that the inhibitory effect of l-arabinose on hepatic gluconeogenesis was AMPK dependent. Our work revealed that l-arabinose is a promising natural product for the regulation of hyperglycemia through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yanming Guan
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Olivier S, Pochard C, Diounou H, Castillo V, Divoux J, Alcantara J, Leclerc J, Guilmeau S, Huet C, Charifi W, Varin TV, Daniel N, Foretz M, Neunlist M, Salomon BL, Ghosh P, Marette A, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Viollet B. Deletion of intestinal epithelial AMP-activated protein kinase alters distal colon permeability but not glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101183. [PMID: 33548500 PMCID: PMC7921883 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) restricts the passage of microbes and potentially harmful substances from the lumen through the paracellular space, and rupture of its integrity is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and extra-digestive diseases. Increased IEB permeability has been linked to disruption of metabolic homeostasis leading to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, recent studies have uncovered compelling evidence that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining epithelial cell barrier function. However, our understanding of the function of intestinal AMPK in regulating IEB and glucose homeostasis remains sparse. Methods We generated mice lacking the two α1 and α2 AMPK catalytic subunits specifically in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC AMPK KO) and determined the physiological consequences of intestinal-specific deletion of AMPK in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We combined histological, functional, and integrative analyses to ascertain the effects of gut AMPK loss on intestinal permeability in vivo and ex vivo and on the development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We also determined the impact of intestinal AMPK deletion in an inducible mouse model (i-IEC AMPK KO) by measuring IEB function, glucose homeostasis, and the composition of gut microbiota via fecal 16S rRNA sequencing. Results While there were no differences in in vivo intestinal permeability in WT and IEC AMPK KO mice, ex vivo transcellular and paracellular permeability measured in Ussing chambers was significantly increased in the distal colon of IEC AMPK KO mice. This was associated with a reduction in pSer425 GIV phosphorylation, a marker of leaky gut barrier. However, the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lamina propria were not different between genotypes. Although the HFD-fed AMPK KO mice displayed suppression of the stress polarity signaling pathway and a concomitant increase in colon permeability, loss of intestinal AMPK did not exacerbate body weight gain or adiposity. Deletion of AMPK was also not sufficient to alter glucose homeostasis or the acute glucose-lowering action of metformin in control diet (CD)- or HFD-fed mice. CD-fed i-IEC AMPK KO mice also presented higher permeability in the distal colon under homeostatic conditions but, surprisingly, this was not detected upon HFD feeding. Alteration in epithelial barrier function in the i-IEC AMPK KO mice was associated with a shift in the gut microbiota composition with higher levels of Clostridiales and Desulfovibrionales. Conclusions Altogether, our results revealed a significant role of intestinal AMPK in maintaining IEB integrity in the distal colon but not in regulating glucose homeostasis. Our data also highlight the complex interaction between gut microbiota and host AMPK. Deletion of intestinal AMPKα1 and α2 suppresses the stress-polarity signaling (SPS) pathway. Loss of the SPS pathway is associated with increased paracellular permeability in the distal colon. Intestinal AMPK is dispensable for the acute glucose-lowering action of metformin. Loss of intestinal AMPK alters the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Olivier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Pochard
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Hanna Diounou
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Castillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jordane Divoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Joshua Alcantara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jocelyne Leclerc
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Guilmeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Camille Huet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Benoit L Salomon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - André Marette
- Québec Heart and Lung Research Institute (IUCPQ) & Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- University of Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France.
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Coutinho-Wolino KS, de F Cardozo LFM, de Oliveira Leal V, Mafra D, Stockler-Pinto MB. Can diet modulate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production? What do we know so far? Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3567-3584. [PMID: 33533968 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite that has attracted attention due to its positive association with several chronic non-communicable diseases such as insulin resistance, atherosclerotic plaque formation, diabetes, cancer, heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, liver steatosis, cardiac fibrosis, endothelial injury, neural degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. TMAO production results from the fermentation by the gut microbiota of dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine, which are transformed to trimethylamine (TMA) and converted into TMAO in the liver by flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and 3 (FMO1 and FMO3). Considering that TMAO is involved in the development of many chronic diseases, strategies have been found to enhance a healthy gut microbiota. In this context, some studies have shown that nutrients and bioactive compounds from food can modulate the gut microbiota and possibly reduce TMAO production. OBJECTIVE This review has as main objective to discuss the studies that demonstrated the effects of food on the reduction of this harmful metabolite. METHODS All relevant articles until November 2020 were included. The articles were searched in Medline through PubMed. RESULTS Both the food is eaten acutely and chronically, by altering the nature of the gut microbiota, influencing colonic TMA production. Furthermore, hepatic production of TMAO by the flavin monooxygenases in the liver may also be influenced by phenolic compounds present in foods. CONCLUSION The evidence presented in this review shows that TMAO levels can be reduced by some bioactive compounds. However, it is crucial to notice that there is significant variation among the studies. Further clinical studies should be conducted to evaluate these dietary components' effectiveness, dose, and intervention time on TMAO levels and its precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludmila F M de F Cardozo
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Oliveira Leal
- Division of Nutrition, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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41
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Nogal A, Valdes AM, Menni C. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between gut microbiota and diet in cardio-metabolic health. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-24. [PMID: 33764858 PMCID: PMC8007165 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in cardio-metabolic diseases with diet being among the strongest modulators of gut microbiota composition and function. Resistant dietary carbohydrates are fermented to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the gut bacteria. Fiber and omega-3 rich diets increase SCFAs production and abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Likewise, SCFAs can improve gut barrier integrity, glucose, and lipid metabolism, regulate the immune system, the inflammatory response, and blood pressure. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiota with dietary strategies leading to increased SCFA production may benefit cardio-metabolic health. In this review, we provide an overview of the association between diet, SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota and cardio-metabolic diseases. We first discuss the association between the human gut microbiota and cardio-metabolic diseases, then investigate the role of SCFAs and finally explore the beneficial effects of specific dietary interventions that can improve cardio-metabolic outcomes through boosting the SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nogal
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
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42
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Simó C, García-Cañas V. Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development. Food Funct 2020; 11:6745-6776. [PMID: 32686802 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of clinical evidence that supports a strong association between elevated circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels with increased risk of developing adverse cardiovascular outcomes such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. TMAO is synthesized through a meta-organismal stepwise process that involves (i) the microbial production of TMA in the gut from dietary precursors and (ii) its subsequent oxidation to TMAO by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the liver. Choline, l-carnitine, betaine, and other TMA-containing compounds are the major dietary precursors of TMA. TMAO can also be absorbed directly from the gastrointestinal tract after the intake of TMAO-rich foods such as fish and shellfish. Thus, diet is an important factor as it provides the nutritional precursors to eventually produce TMAO. A number of studies have attempted to associate circulating TMAO levels with the consumption of diets rich in these foods. On the other hand, there is growing interest for the development of novel food ingredients that reduce either the TMAO-induced damage or the endogenous TMAO levels through the interference with microbiota and host metabolic processes involved in TMAO pathway. Such novel functional food ingredients would offer great opportunities to control circulating TMAO levels or its effects, and potentially contribute to decrease cardiovascular risk. In this review we summarize and discuss current data regarding the effects of TMA precursors-enriched foods or diets on circulating TMAO levels, and recent findings regarding the circulating TMAO-lowering effects of specific foods, food constituents and phytochemicals found in herbs, individually or in extracts, and their potential beneficial effect for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Kumar J, Rani K, Datt C. Molecular link between dietary fibre, gut microbiota and health. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6229-6237. [PMID: 32623619 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides cellulose, hemicelluloses, inulin etc., galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) play a significant role in the improvement of gut microbiota balance and human health. These polysaccharides prevent pathogen adhesion that stimulates the immune system and gut barrier function by servicing as fermentable substrates for the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) fibres. Moreover, the gut microbiota is responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate and butyrate. Acetate is the most abundant and it is used by many gut commensals to produce propionate and butyrate in a growth-promoting cross-feeding process. The dietary fibres affect the gut microbiome and play vital roles in signaling pathways. The SCFAs, acetate, butyrate, and propionate have been reported to affect on metabolic activities at the molecular level. Acetate affects the metabolic pathway through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2/GPR43) while butyrate and propionate transactivate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsγ (PPARγ/NR1C3) and regulate the PPARγ target gene Angptl4 in colonic cells of the gut. The FFAR2 signaling pathway regulates the insulin-stimulated lipid accumulation in adipocytes and inflammation, however peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PPY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 regulates appetite. The NDCs via gut microbiota dependent pathway regulate glucose homeostasis, gut integrity and hormone by GPCR, NF-kB, and AMPK-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Kavita Rani
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Chander Datt
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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44
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Li H, Zhang X, Pan D, Liu Y, Yan X, Tang Y, Tao M, Gong L, Zhang T, Woods CR, Du Y, Gao R, Qin H. Dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in cerebral infarction patients. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:124-133. [PMID: 33312718 PMCID: PMC7706127 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) and its clinical implications. Methods Stool samples were collected from 79 CI patients and 98 healthy controls and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to identify stool microbes. Altered compositions and functions of gut microbiota in CI and its correlation with clinical features were investigated. Random forest and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to develop a diagnostic model. Results Microbiota diversity and structure between CI patients and healthy controls were overall similar. However, butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) were significantly reduced in CI patients, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were increased. Genetically, BPB-related functional genes were reduced in CI patients, whereas LAB-related genes were enhanced. The interbacterial correlations among BPB in CI patients were less prominent than those in healthy controls. Clinically, BPB was negatively associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while LAB was positively correlated with NIHSS. Both BPB and LAB played leading roles in the diagnostic model based on 47 bacteria. Conclusions The abundance and functions of BPB in CI patients were significantly decreased, while LAB were increased. Both BPB and LAB displayed promising potential in the assessment and diagnosis of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dengdeng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yihan Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Mingyang Tao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States of America
| | - Christian Rutan Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States of America
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, United States of America
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
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