1
|
Guivala SJ, Bode KA, Okun JG, Kartal E, Schwedhelm E, Pohl LV, Werner S, Erbs S, Thiele H, Büttner P. Interactions between the gut microbiome, associated metabolites and the manifestation and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in ZSF1 rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:299. [PMID: 39143579 PMCID: PMC11325580 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with systemic inflammation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and gut microbiome changes. Increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels are predictive for mortality in HFpEF. The TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) is synthesized by the intestinal microbiome, crosses the intestinal barrier and is metabolized to TMAO by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO). The intricate interactions of microbiome alterations and TMAO in relation to HFpEF manifestation and progression are analyzed here. METHODS Healthy lean (L-ZSF1, n = 12) and obese ZSF1 rats with HFpEF (O-ZSF1, n = 12) were studied. HFpEF was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, and detection of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). TMAO, carnitine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and amino acids were measured using mass-spectrometry. The intestinal epithelial barrier was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in-vitro impedance measurements and determination of plasma lipopolysaccharide via ELISA. Hepatic FMO3 quantity was determined by Western blot. The fecal microbiome at the age of 8, 13 and 20 weeks was assessed using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Increased levels of TMAO (+ 54%), carnitine (+ 46%) and the cardiac stress marker NT-proBNP (+ 25%) as well as a pronounced amino acid imbalance were observed in obese rats with HFpEF. SDMA levels in O-ZSF1 were comparable to L-ZSF1, indicating stable kidney function. Anatomy and zonula occludens protein density in the intestinal epithelium remained unchanged, but both impedance measurements and increased levels of LPS indicated an impaired epithelial barrier function. FMO3 was decreased (- 20%) in the enlarged, but histologically normal livers of O-ZSF1. Alpha diversity, as indicated by the Shannon diversity index, was comparable at 8 weeks of age, but decreased by 13 weeks of age, when HFpEF manifests in O-ZSF1. Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (Beta-Diversity) was shown to be effective in differentiating L-ZSF1 from O-ZSF1 at 20 weeks of age. Members of the microbial families Lactobacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly differentially abundant in O-ZSF1 and L-ZSF1 rats. CONCLUSIONS In the ZSF1 HFpEF rat model, increased dietary intake is associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition and bacterial metabolites, an impaired intestinal barrier, and changes in pro-inflammatory and health-predictive metabolic profiles. HFpEF as well as its most common comorbidities obesity and metabolic syndrome and the alterations described here evolve in parallel and are likely to be interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Dietary adaption may have a positive impact on all entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salmina J Guivala
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Konrad A Bode
- Department Molecular Diagnostics, Laboratory Dr. Limbach and Colleagues, Am Breitspiel 15, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ece Kartal
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca V Pohl
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Erbs
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 89, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He Y, Chen S, Xue Y, Lu H, Li Z, Jia X, Ning Y, Yuan Q, Wang S. Analysis of Alterations in Intestinal Flora in Chinese Elderly with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Association with Trimethylamine. Nutrients 2024; 16:1864. [PMID: 38931219 PMCID: PMC11206853 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its correlation with the metabolism of trimethylamine (TMA), the intestinal flora composition of elderly individuals with CVD and healthy elderly individuals was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, the TMA levels in the feces of elderly were detected using headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC), and four kinds of characterized TMA-producing intestinal bacteria in the elderly were quantified using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia are the dominant microorganisms of the intestinal flora in the Chinese elderly. And there were significant differences in the intestinal bacteria composition between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD, accompanied by a notable difference in the TMA content. The richness and diversity of the intestinal flora in the elderly with CVD were higher than those in the healthy elderly. Correlation analysis indicated that certain significantly different intestinal flora were associated with the TMA levels. Our findings showed a significant difference in TMA-producing intestinal flora between healthy elderly individuals and those with CVD. The TMA levels were found to be positively and significantly correlated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, suggesting that this bacterium is closely linked to the production of TMA in the elderly gut. This may have implications for the development and progression of CVD in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan He
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Song Chen
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yuling Xue
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Han Lu
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziteng Li
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xianxian Jia
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China;
| | - Yibing Ning
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Shijie Wang
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; (Y.H.); (S.C.); (H.L.); (Z.L.)
- Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050221, China; (Y.X.); (Y.N.); (Q.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cladis DP, Burstad KM, Biruete A, Jannasch AH, Cooper BR, Hill Gallant KM. Dietary Phosphorus Levels Influence Protein-Derived Uremic Toxin Production in Nephrectomized Male Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1807. [PMID: 38931160 PMCID: PMC11207110 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota-derived uremic toxins (UT) accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary phosphorus and protein restriction are common in CKD treatment, but the relationship between dietary phosphorus, a key nutrient for the gut microbiota, and protein-derived UT is poorly studied. Thus, we explored the relationship between dietary phosphorus and serum UT in CKD rats. For this exploratory study, we used serum samples from a larger study on the effects of dietary phosphorus on intestinal phosphorus absorption in nephrectomized (Nx, n = 22) or sham-operated (sham, n = 18) male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomized to diet treatment groups of low or high phosphorus (0.1% or 1.2% w/w, respectively) for 1 week, with serum trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresol sulfate (pCS) analyzed by LC-MS. Nx rats had significantly higher levels of serum TMAO, IS, and pCS compared to sham rats (all p < 0.0001). IS showed a significant interaction between diet and CKD status, where serum IS was higher with the high-phosphorus diet in both Nx and sham rats, but to a greater extent in the Nx rats. Serum TMAO (p = 0.24) and pCS (p = 0.34) were not affected by dietary phosphorus levels. High dietary phosphorus intake for 1 week results in higher serum IS in both Nx and sham rats. The results of this exploratory study indicate that reducing dietary phosphorus intake in CKD may have beneficial effects on UT accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P. Cladis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (D.P.C.); (K.M.B.)
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Kendal M. Burstad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (D.P.C.); (K.M.B.)
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Annabel Biruete
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber H. Jannasch
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (A.H.J.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Bruce R. Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (A.H.J.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Kathleen M. Hill Gallant
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (D.P.C.); (K.M.B.)
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou C, Chen Y, Hazeena SH, Tain Y, Hsieh C, Chen D, Liu R, Shih M. Cardiovascular risk of dietary trimethylamine oxide precursors and the therapeutic potential of resveratrol and its derivatives. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:358-379. [PMID: 38151750 PMCID: PMC10909991 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall diet, lifestyle choices, genetic predisposition, and other underlying health conditions may contribute to higher trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and increased cardiovascular risk. This review explores the potential therapeutic ability of RSV to protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and affect TMAO levels. This review considers recent studies on the association of TMAO with CVD. It also examines the sources, mechanisms, and metabolism of TMAO along with TMAO-induced cardiovascular events. Plant polyphenolic compounds, including resveratrol (RSV), and their cardioprotective mechanism of regulating TMAO levels and modifying gut microbiota are also discussed here. RSV's salient features and bioactive properties in reducing CVD have been evaluated. The close relationship between TMAO and CVD is clearly understood from currently available data, making it a potent biomarker for CVD. Precise investigation, including clinical trials, must be performed to understand RSV's mechanism, dose, effects, and derivatives as a cardioprotectant agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
| | - Sulfath Hakkim Hazeena
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - You‐Lin Tain
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineKaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaiwan
- College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chang‐Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - De‐Quan Chen
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Rou‐Yun Liu
- Department of Seafood Science, College of HydrosphereNational Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and InnovationNational Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and TourismTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diao Z, Molludi J, Latef Fateh H, Moradi S. Comparison of the low-calorie DASH diet and a low-calorie diet on serum TMAO concentrations and gut microbiota composition of adults with overweight/obesity: a randomized control trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:207-220. [PMID: 38149315 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2294685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study compares two diets, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and a Low-Calorie Diet on Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and gut microbiota. 120 obese adults were randomly allocated to these three groups: a low-calorie DASH diet, a Low-Calorie diet, or a control group for 12 weeks. Outcomes included plasma TMAO, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and gut microbiota profiles. After the intervention, the low-calorie DASH diet group demonstrated a greater decrease in TMAO levels (-20 ± 8.1 vs. -10.63 ± 4.6 μM) and a significant decrease in LPS concentration (-19.76 ± 4.2 vs. -5.68 ± 2.3) compared to the low-calorie diet group. Furthermore, the low-calorie DASH diet showed a higher decrease in the Firmicutes and Bactericides (F/B) ratio, which influenced TMAO levels, compared to the Low-Calorie diet (p = 0.028). The current study found the low-calorie DASH diet improves TMAO and LPS in comparison to a Low-Calorie diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Diao
- Tianjin Yite Life Science R&D Co. LTD, Tianjin, China
| | - Jalall Molludi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hawal Latef Fateh
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- Nursing Department, Kalar Technical College, Garmian Polytechnic University, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Sara Moradi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Satheesh Babu AK, Petersen C, Iglesias-Carres L, Paz HA, Wankhade UD, Neilson AP, Anandh Babu PV. Blueberry intervention mitigates detrimental microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide by modulating gut microbes. Biofactors 2024; 50:392-404. [PMID: 37921575 PMCID: PMC11014767 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes play a pivotal role in host physiology by producing beneficial or detrimental metabolites. Gut bacteria metabolize dietary choline and L-carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA) which is then converted to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). An elevated circulating TMAO is associated with diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in humans. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dietary blueberries and strawberries at a nutritional dosage on TMA/TMAO production and the possible role of gut microbes. Blueberry cohort mice received a control (C) or freeze-dried blueberry supplemented (CB) diet for 12 weeks and subgroups received an antibiotics cocktail (CA and CBA). Strawberry cohort mice received a control (N) or strawberry-supplemented (NS) diet and subgroups received antibiotics (NA and NSA). Metabolic parameters, choline, TMA, and TMAO were assessed in addition to microbial profiling and characterization of berry powders. Blueberry supplementation (equivalent to 1.5 human servings) reduced circulating TMAO in CB versus C mice (~48%) without changing choline or TMA. This effect was not mediated through alterations in metabolic parameters. Dietary strawberries did not reduce choline, TMA, or TMAO. Depleting gut microbes with antibiotics in these cohorts drastically reduced TMA and TMAO to not-quantified levels. Further, dietary blueberries increased the abundance of bacterial taxa that are negatively associated with circulating TMA/TMAO suggesting the role of gut microbes. Our phenolic profiling indicates that this effect could be due to chlorogenic acid and increased phenolic contents in blueberries. Our study provides evidence for considering dietary blueberries to reduce TMAO and prevent TMAO-induced complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrissa Petersen
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Henry A. Paz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Umesh D. Wankhade
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Andrew P. Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mirzababaei A, Mahmoodi M, Keshtkar A, Ashraf H, Abaj F, Soveid N, Hajmir MM, Radmehr M, Khalili P, Mirzaei K. Serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide and kynurenine novel biomarkers are associated with adult metabolic syndrome and its components: a case-control study from the TEC cohort. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1326782. [PMID: 38321994 PMCID: PMC10844432 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1326782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic research suggests that gut microbiota alteration (dysbiosis) may play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dysbiosis can influence Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, as well as kynurenine pathways (KP), which are known as a new marker for an early predictor of chronic diseases. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the association between KYN and TMAO with MetS and its components. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 250 adults aged 18 years or over of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Employee's Cohort study (TEC) in the baseline phase. Data on the dietary intakes were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dietary intakes of nitrite and nitrate were estimated using FFQ with 144 items. MetS was defined according to the NCEP ATP criteria. Serum profiles TMAO and KYN were measured by standard protocol. Result The mean level of TMAO and KYN in subjects with MetS was 51.49 pg/mL and 417.56 nmol/l. High levels of TMAO (≥30.39 pg/mL) with MetS were directly correlated, after adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of MetS in individuals 2.37 times increased (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.31-4.28, P-value = 0.004), also, high levels of KYN (≥297.18 nmol/L) increased odds of Mets+ 1.48 times, which is statistically significant (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.83-2.63, P-value = 0.04). High levels of TMAO compared with the reference group increased the odds of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL in crude and adjusted models (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant high level of KYN increased odds of abdominal obesity (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our study revealed a positive association between serum TMAO and KYN levels and MetS and some of its components. For underlying mechanisms and possible clinical implications of the differences. Prospective studies in healthy individuals are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoodi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Disaster and Emergency Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Ashraf
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Neda Soveid
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Mehri Hajmir
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Radmehr
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Khalili
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee H, Liu X, An JP, Wang Y. Identification of Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from Orange Peel and Their Inhibitory Effects on the Formation of Trimethylamine (TMA) and Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) Using cntA/B and cutC/D Enzymes and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16114-16124. [PMID: 37851928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the inhibitory effects of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) on enzymes involved in the production of trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). PMFs were isolated from Valencia orange peel and identified using column separation and NMR techniques. The findings reveal that nobiletin and 3,6,7,8,2',5'-hexamethoxyflavone significantly suppress cntA/B and cutC/D, respectively. Furthermore, 3,6,7,8,2',5'-hexamethoxyflavone decreases the level of TMAO formation by suppressing the FMO3 mRNA level. This study elucidates that specific structural features of PMFs can contribute to their interactions with enzymes. Our study represents the first demonstration of the ability of PMFs to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by inhibiting enzymes responsible for TMA production, which are generated by gut microbiomes. Furthermore, we introduce a novel model system utilizing TMA-induced HepG2 cells to assess and compare the inhibitory effects of PMFs on TMAO production. These findings could pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Satheesh Babu AK, Srinivasan H, Anandh Babu PV. Breaking bugs: gut microbes metabolize dietary components and modulate vascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37651204 PMCID: PMC10902197 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2251616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota modulates host physiology and pathophysiology through the production of microbial metabolites. Diet is a crucial factor in shaping the microbiome, and gut microbes interact with the host by producing beneficial or detrimental diet-derived microbial metabolites. Evidence from our lab and others indicates that the interaction between diet and gut microbes plays a pivotal role in modulating vascular health. Diet-derived microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and metabolites of phenolic acids improve vascular health, whereas trimethylamine oxide and certain amino acid-derived microbial metabolites impair the vasculature. These metabolites have been shown to regulate blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis by acting on multiple targets. Nonetheless, there are substantial gaps in knowledge within this field. The microbial enzymes essential for the production of diet-derived metabolites, the role of the food matrix in regulating the bioavailability of metabolites, and the structure-activity relationships between metabolites and biomolecules in the vasculature are largely unknown. Potential diet-derived metabolites to improve vascular health can be identified through future studies that investigate the causal relationship between dietary components, gut microbes, diet-derived metabolites, and vascular health by using radiolabeled compounds, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guiducci L, Nicolini G, Forini F. Dietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota Remodeling, and Cardiometabolic Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:760. [PMID: 37367916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, collectively known as cardiometabolic disease (CMD), are high morbidity and mortality pathologies associated with lower quality of life and increasing health-care costs. The influence of the gut microbiota (GM) in dictating the interpersonal variability in CMD susceptibility, progression and treatment response is beginning to be deciphered, as is the mutualistic relation established between the GM and diet. In particular, dietary factors emerge as pivotal determinants shaping the architecture and function of resident microorganisms in the human gut. In turn, intestinal microbes influence the absorption, metabolism, and storage of ingested nutrients, with potentially profound effects on host physiology. Herein, we present an updated overview on major effects of dietary components on the GM, highlighting the beneficial and detrimental consequences of diet-microbiota crosstalk in the setting of CMD. We also discuss the promises and challenges of integrating microbiome data in dietary planning aimed at restraining CMD onset and progression with a more personalized nutritional approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Guiducci
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Forini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clavenna MG, La Vecchia M, Sculco M, Joseph S, Barberis E, Amede E, Mellai M, Brossa S, Borgonovi G, Occhipinti P, Boldorini R, Robotti E, Azzimonti B, Bona E, Pasolli E, Ferrante D, Manfredi M, Aspesi A, Dianzani I. Distinct Signatures of Tumor-Associated Microbiota and Metabolome in Low-Grade vs. High-Grade Dysplastic Colon Polyps: Inference of Their Role in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3065. [PMID: 37370676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the driver-passenger model for colorectal cancer (CRC), the tumor-associated microbiota is a dynamic ecosystem of bacterial species where bacteria with carcinogenic features linked to CRC initiation are defined as "drivers", while opportunistic bacteria colonizing more advanced tumor stages are known as "passengers". We reasoned that also gut microbiota-associated metabolites may be differentially enriched according to tumor stage, and be potential determinants of CRC development. Thus, we characterized the mucosa- and lumen-associated microbiota (MAM and LAM, respectively) and mucosa-associated metabolites in low- vs. high-grade dysplastic colon polyps from 78 patients. We show that MAM, obtained with a new biopsy-preserving approach, and LAM differ in composition and α/β-diversity. By stratifying patients for polyp histology, we found that bacteria proposed as passengers by previous studies colonized high-grade dysplastic adenomas, whereas driver taxa were enriched in low-grade polyps. Furthermore, we report altered "mucosa-associated metabolite" levels in low- vs. high-grade groups. Integrated microbiota-metabolome analysis suggests the involvement of the gut microbiota in the production and consumption of these metabolites. Altogether, our findings support the involvement of bacterial species and associated metabolites in CRC mucosal homeostasis in a tumor-stage-specific manner. These distinct signatures may be used to distinguish low-grade from high-grade dysplastic polyps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta La Vecchia
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marika Sculco
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Soni Joseph
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Mellai
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Brossa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Borgonovi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro Occhipinti
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Panyod S, Wu WK, Peng SY, Tseng YJ, Hsieh YC, Chen RA, Huang HS, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Hsu CC, Shen TCD, Yang KC, Ho CT, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:19. [PMID: 37210385 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), has gained considerable research attention. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is formed during ʟ-carnitine metabolism, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, causing thrombosis. Here, we elucidated the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanism of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) and its bioactive compound citral in Gubra Amylin NASH (GAN) diet with ʟ-carnitine-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE-/- mice. Treatment with GEO at both low and high doses and citral inhibited the formation of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, improved plasma lipid profile, reduced blood sugar, improved insulin resistance, decreased plasma TMAO levels, and inhibited plasma inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-1β. Additionally, GEO and citral treatment modulated gut microbiota diversity and composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes and decreasing the abundance of CVD-related microbes. Overall, these results showed that GEO and citral may serve as potential dietary supplements for CVD prevention by improving gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sin-Yi Peng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yea-Jing Tseng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Modulation of Endothelial Function by TMAO, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065806. [PMID: 36982880 PMCID: PMC10054148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function is essential in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis, whose modulation strictly depends on the proper activity of tissue-specific angiocrine factors on the physiopathological mechanisms acting at both single and multi-organ levels. Several angiocrine factors take part in the vascular function itself by modulating vascular tone, inflammatory response, and thrombotic state. Recent evidence has outlined a strong relationship between endothelial factors and gut microbiota-derived molecules. In particular, the direct involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the development of endothelial dysfunction and its derived pathological outcomes, such as atherosclerosis, has come to light. Indeed, the role of TMAO in the modulation of factors strictly related to the development of endothelial dysfunction, such as nitric oxide, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and selectins), and IL-6, has been widely accepted. The aim of this review is to present the latest studies that describe a direct role of TMAO in the modulation of angiocrine factors primarily involved in the development of vascular pathologies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Uffelman CN, Bergia RE, Clark CM, Reed JB, Cross TWL, Lindemann SR, Tang M, Campbell WW. Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:215-237. [PMID: 36822879 PMCID: PMC10229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates the importance of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between meat intake and human health outcomes. We aimed to assess the state of available scientific literature on meat intake and gut microbiota in humans (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020135649). We first conducted a scoping review to identify observational and interventional studies on this topic. Searches were performed for English language articles using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from inception to August 2021 and using keywords related to meat (inclusive of mammalian, avian, and aquatic subtypes) and gut microbiota. Of 14,680 records, 85 eligible articles were included in the scoping review, comprising 57 observational and 28 interventional studies. One prospective observational study and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in adults without diagnosed disease. We included the 13 RCTs, comprising 18 comparisons, in the systematic review to assess the effects of higher and lower intakes of total meat and meat subtypes on the gut microbiota composition. The bacterial composition was differentially affected by consuming diets with and without meat or with varied meat subtypes. For example, higher meat intake tended to decrease population sizes of genera Anerostipes and Faecalibacterium, but it increased the population size of Roseburia across studies. However, the magnitude and directionality of most microbial responses varied, with inconsistent patterns of responses across studies. The data were insufficient for comparison within or between meat subtypes. The paucity of research, especially among meat subtypes, and heterogeneity of findings underscore the need for more well-designed prospective studies and full-feeding RCTs to address the relationships between and effects of consuming total meat and meat subtypes on gut microbiota, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cassi N Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu W, Jiang Y, Xu H, Zhou Y. The Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Mechanism to Potential Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020442. [PMID: 36830978 PMCID: PMC9953339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a disease for which there is no definite and effective treatment, and the number of patients is more than 50% of heart failure (HF) patients. Gut microbiota (GMB) is a general term for a group of microbiota living in humans' intestinal tracts, which has been proved to be related to cardiovascular diseases, including HFpEF. In HFpEF patients, the composition of GMB is significantly changed, and there has been a tendency toward dysbacteriosis. Metabolites of GMB, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) mediate various pathophysiological mechanisms of HFpEF. GMB is a crucial influential factor in inflammation, which is considered to be one of the main causes of HFpEF. The role of GMB in its important comorbidity-metabolic syndrome-also mediates HFpEF. Moreover, HF would aggravate intestinal barrier impairment and microbial translocation, further promoting the disease progression. In view of these mechanisms, drugs targeting GMB may be one of the effective ways to treat HFpEF. This review focuses on the interaction of GMB and HFpEF and analyzes potential therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000, China
- Institute for Hypertension, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: 86-512-65955057
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032399. [PMID: 36768722 PMCID: PMC9917289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a major role in human health, and gut microbial imbalance or dysbiosis is associated with disease development. Modulation in the gut microbiome can be used to treat or prevent different diseases. Gut dysbiosis increases with aging, and it has been associated with the impairment of gut barrier function leading to the leakage of harmful metabolites such as trimethylamine (TMA). TMA is a gut metabolite resulting from dietary amines that originate from animal-based foods. TMA enters the portal circulation and is oxidized by the hepatic enzyme into trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Increased TMAO levels have been reported in elderly people. High TMAO levels are linked to peripheral artery disease (PAD), endothelial senescence, and vascular aging. Emerging evidence showed the beneficial role of probiotics and prebiotics in the management of several atherogenic risk factors through the remodeling of the gut microbiota, thus leading to a reduction in TMAO levels and atherosclerotic lesions. Despite the promising outcomes in different studies, the definite mechanisms of gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived TMAO involved in atherosclerosis remain not fully understood. More studies are still required to focus on the molecular mechanisms and precise treatments targeting gut microbiota and leading to atheroprotective effects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jalandra R, Makharia GK, Sharma M, Kumar A. Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1101429. [PMID: 36726978 PMCID: PMC9885123 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microbiota as a by-product of metabolism of dietary precursors. TMA has been implicated in various chronic health conditions. However, the effect of TMA in the colon and the underlying mechanism was not clear. In this study, TMA exhibited toxic effects in vitro as well as in vivo. TMA-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage, and compromised cell membrane integrity leading to the release of LDH outside the cells which ultimately leads to cell death. Besides, TMA also exhibited pronounced increase in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. TMA was found to be genotoxic and cytotoxic as the TMA concentration increased from 0.15 mM. A decreased ATP intracellular content was observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment in a time and dose-dependent manner. For in vivo research, TMA (100 mM, i.p. and intra-rectal) once a week for 12 weeks caused significant changes in cellular morphology of colon and rectum epithelium as assessed by H & E staining. TMA also significantly increased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and rectal epithelium indicating the severity of inflammation. In addition, TMA caused extensive mucosal damage and distortion in the epithelium, decrease in length of small intestine compared to control mice. In conclusion, these results highlight the detrimental effects of TMA in the colon and rectal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Jalandra
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Govind K. Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhen J, Zhou Z, He M, Han HX, Lv EH, Wen PB, Liu X, Wang YT, Cai XC, Tian JQ, Zhang MY, Xiao L, Kang XX. The gut microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085041. [PMID: 36824355 PMCID: PMC9941174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide. Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related to intestinal microecology. Imbalances in intestinal microecology caused by changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota will eventually alter intestinal metabolites, thus transforming the host physiological state from healthy mode to pathological mode. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from the metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine by intestinal microbiota, and many studies have shown that this important product inhibits cholesterol metabolism, induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and promotes atherosclerosis. TMAO is directly or indirectly involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs and is an important risk factor affecting the occurrence and even prognosis of CVDs. This review presents the biological and chemical characteristics of TMAO, and the process of TMAO produced by gut microbiota. In particular, the review focuses on summarizing how the increase of gut microbial metabolite TMAO affects CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and other CVD-related diseases. Understanding the mechanism of how increases in TMAO promotes CVDs will potentially facilitate the identification and development of targeted therapy for CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Xiang Han
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - En-Hui Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ting Wang
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun-Chao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Qi Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
| | - Xing-Xing Kang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Xing Kang, ; Lei Xiao,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rehman A, Tyree SM, Fehlbaum S, DunnGalvin G, Panagos CG, Guy B, Patel S, Dinan TG, Duttaroy AK, Duss R, Steinert RE. A water-soluble tomato extract rich in secondary plant metabolites lowers trimethylamine-n-oxide and modulates gut microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in overweight and obese adults. J Nutr 2023; 153:96-105. [PMID: 36913483 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products rich in polyphenols have been shown to lower plasma trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO) known for its proatherogenic effects by modulating the intestinal microbiota. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of Fruitflow, a water-soluble tomato extract, on TMAO, fecal microbiota, and plasma and fecal metabolites. METHODS Overweight and obese adults (n = 22, BMI 28-35 kg/m2) were included in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study receiving 2×150 mg Fruitflow per day or placebo (maltodextrin) for 4 wk with a 6-week wash-out between interventions. Stool, blood, and urine samples were collected to assess changes in plasma TMAO (primary outcome) as well as fecal microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites, and urine TMAO (secondary outcomes). In a subgroup (n = 9), postprandial TMAO was evaluated following a choline-rich breakfast (∼450 mg). Statistical methods included paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests and permutational multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS Fruitflow, but not placebo, reduced fasting levels of plasma (-1.5 μM, P ≤ 0.05) and urine (-19.1 μM, P ≤ 0.01) TMAO as well as plasma lipopolysaccharides (-5.3 ng/mL, P ≤ 0.05) from baseline to the end of intervention. However, these changes were significant only for urine TMAO levels when comparing between the groups (P ≤ 0.05). Changes in microbial beta, but not alpha, diversity paralleled this with a significant difference in Jaccard distance-based Principal Component (P ≤ 0.05) as well as decreases in Bacteroides, Ruminococccus, and Hungatella and increases in Alistipes when comparing between and within groups (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). There were no between-group differences in SCFAs and bile acids (BAs) in both faces and plasma but several changes within groups such as an increase in fecal cholic acid or plasma pyruvate with Fruitflow (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed TMAO as the most discriminant plasma metabolite between groups (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results support earlier findings that polyphenol-rich extracts can lower plasma TMAO in overweight and obese adults related to gut microbiota modulation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04160481 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04160481?term= Fruitflow&draw= 2&rank= 2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bertrand Guy
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- Atlantia Clinical Trials, Cork, Ireland, APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruedi Duss
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stec A, Maciejewska M, Paralusz-Stec K, Michalska M, Giebułtowicz J, Rudnicka L, Sikora M. The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide is Linked to Specific Complications of Systemic Sclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1895-1904. [PMID: 37152867 PMCID: PMC10162098 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s409489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare immune-mediated connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, whose pathogenesis is not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed dysbiosis in patients with systemic sclerosis and have indicated the possible role of the microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of the disease. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a compound produced by dysbiotic microbiota observed at higher concentrations in several autoimmune diseases. Objective To determine concentrations of the bacteria-derived metabolite TMAO in patients with systemic sclerosis and to assess possible correlation between TMAO and a specific manifestation of the disease. Patients and Methods The study included 63 patients with SSc and 47 matched control subjects. The concentration of TMAO was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Plasma TMAO level was significantly increased in patients with SSc (283.0 [188.5-367.5] ng/mL versus 205.5 [101.0-318.0] ng/mL; p < 0.01). An increased concentration of TMAO was observed in patients with concomitant interstitial lung disease (ILD) (302.0 ng/mL [212.0-385.5] ng/mL versus 204.0 [135.5-292.0] ng/mL; p < 0.01) and esophageal dysmotility (289.75 [213.75-387.5] ng/mL versus 209.5 ng/mL [141.5-315.0] ng/mL; p < 0.05) compared to patients without these complications. Furthermore, TMAO concentration exhibited significant correlation with markers of heart involvement (left ventricle ejection fraction, NT-proBNP), marker of ILD severity and Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Damage Index. Conclusion The concentration of TMAO, gut microbiota-associated metabolite, is increased in systemic sclerosis, particularly in patients with advanced organ involvement. This is the first study evaluating plasma TMAO in systemic sclerosis. Bacterial metabolites may be a link between dysbiosis and organ involvement in the course of the disease. Modulation of gut bacterial-derived metabolites may represent a new therapeutic approach in the management of systemic sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Milena Michalska
- Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Giebułtowicz
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sikora
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: Mariusz Sikora, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, Warsaw, 02-637, Poland, Tel +48 22 670 91 00, Fax +48 22 844 77 97, Email
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dietary Methionine Restriction Alleviates Choline-Induced Tri-Methylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Elevation by Manipulating Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010206. [PMID: 36615863 PMCID: PMC9823801 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to decrease plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in high-fat diet mice; however, the specific mechanism used is unknown. We speculated that the underlying mechanism is related with the gut microbiota, and this study aimed to confirm the hypothesis. In this study, we initially carried out an in vitro fermentation experiment and found that MR could reduce the ability of gut microbiota found in the contents of healthy mice and the feces of healthy humans to produce trimethylamine (TMA). Subsequently, mice were fed a normal diet (CON, 0.20% choline + 0.86% methionine), high-choline diet (H-CHO, 1.20% choline + 0.86% methionine), or high-choline + methionine-restricted diet (H-CHO+MR, 1.20% choline + 0.17% methionine) for 3 months. Our results revealed that MR decreased plasma TMA and TMAO levels in H-CHO-diet-fed mice without changing hepatic FMO3 gene expression and enzyme activity, significantly decreased TMA levels and expression of choline TMA-lyase (CutC) and its activator CutD, and decreased CutC activity in the intestine. Moreover, MR significantly decreased the abundance of TMA-producing bacteria, including Escherichia-Shigella (Proteobacteria phylum) and Anaerococcus (Firmicutes phylum), and significantly increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and SCFA levels. Furthermore, both MR and sodium butyrate supplementation significantly inhibited bacterial growth, down-regulated CutC gene expression levels in TMA-producing bacteria, including Escherichia fergusonii ATCC 35469 and Anaerococcus hydrogenalis DSM 7454 and decreased TMA production from bacterial growth under in vitro anaerobic fermentation conditions. In conclusion, dietary MR alleviates choline-induced TMAO elevation by manipulating gut microbiota in mice and may be a promising approach to reducing circulating TMAO levels and TMAO-induced atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Role of Betaine in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: a Narrative Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:395-406. [PMID: 35792998 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review aimed to explore the functions of betaine and discuss its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS Some studies on CKD animal models have shown the benefits of betaine supplementation, including decreased kidney damage, antioxidant recovery status, and decreased inflammation. Betaine (N-trimethylglycine) is an N-trimethylated amino acid with an essential regulatory osmotic function. Moreover, it is a methyl donor and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, betaine has positive effects on intestinal health by regulating the osmolality and gut microbiota. Due to these crucial functions, betaine has been studied in several diseases, including CKD, in which betaine plasma levels decline with the progression of the disease. Low betaine levels are linked to increased kidney damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, betaine is considered an essential metabolite for identifying CKD stages.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kang JW, Tang X, Walton CJ, Brown MJ, Brewer RA, Maddela RL, Zheng JJ, Agus JK, Zivkovic AM. Multi-Omic Analyses Reveal Bifidogenic Effect and Metabolomic Shifts in Healthy Human Cohort Supplemented With a Prebiotic Dietary Fiber Blend. Front Nutr 2022; 9:908534. [PMID: 35782954 PMCID: PMC9248813 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.908534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber, a nutrient derived mainly from whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes, is known to confer a number of health benefits, yet most Americans consume less than half of the daily recommended amount. Convenience and affordability are key factors determining the ability of individuals to incorporate fiber-rich foods into their diet, and many Americans struggle to access, afford, and prepare foods rich in fiber. The objective of this clinical study was to test the changes in microbial community composition, human metabolomics, and general health markers of a convenient, easy to use prebiotic supplement in generally healthy young participants consuming a diet low in fiber. Twenty healthy adults participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study which was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03785860. During the study participants consumed 12 g of a prebiotic fiber supplement and 12 g of placebo daily as a powder mixed with water as part of their habitual diet in randomized order for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout between treatment arms. Fecal microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced by shallow shotgun sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq. Plasma metabolites were detected using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with untargeted analysis. The phylum Actinobacteria, genus Bifidobacterium, and several Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. catenulatum, and B. longum) significantly increased after prebiotic supplementation when compared to the placebo. The abundance of genes associated with the utilization of the prebiotic fiber ingredients (sacA, xfp, xpk) and the production of acetate (poxB, ackA) significantly changed with prebiotic supplementation. Additionally, the abundance of genes associated with the prebiotic utilization (xfp, xpk), acetate production (ackA), and choline to betaine oxidation (gbsB) were significantly correlated with changes in the abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium in the prebiotic group. Plasma concentrations of the bacterially produced metabolite indolepropionate significantly increased. The results of this study demonstrate that an easy to consume, low dose (12 g) of a prebiotic powder taken daily increases the abundance of beneficial bifidobacteria and the production of health-promoting bacteria-derived metabolites in healthy individuals with a habitual low-fiber diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jea Woo Kang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Brown
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | - Jack Jingyuan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joanne K. Agus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Angela M. Zivkovic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Simó C, Fornari T, García-Risco MR, Peña-Cearra A, Abecia L, Anguita J, Rodríguez H, García-Cañas V. Resazurin-based high-throughput screening method for the discovery of dietary phytochemicals to target microbial transformation of L-carnitine into trimethylamine, a gut metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease. Food Funct 2022; 13:5640-5653. [PMID: 35506542 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is great interest in the discovery of food compounds that might inhibit gut microbial TMA production from its methylamine precursors. In this work, an innovative novel screening strategy capable of rapidly determining the differences in the metabolic response of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacteria producing TMA under aerobic conditions, to a library of extracts obtained from food and natural sources was developed. The proposed high-throughput screening (HTS) method combines resazurin reduction assay in 384-well plates and Gaussian Processes as a machine learning tool for data processing, allowing for a fast, cheap and highly standardized evaluation of any interfering effect of a given compound or extract on the microbial metabolism sustained by L-carnitine utilization. As a proof-of-concept of this strategy, a pilot screening of 39 extracts and 6 pure compounds was performed to search for potential candidates that could inhibit in vitro TMA formation from L-carnitine. Among all the extracts tested, three of them were selected as candidates to interfere with TMA formation. Subsequent in vitro assays confirmed the potential of oregano and red thyme hexane extracts (at 1 mg mL-1) to inhibit TMA formation in bacterial lysates. In such in vitro assay, the red thyme extract exerted comparable effects on TMA reduction (∼40%) as 7.5 mM meldonium (∼50% TMA decrease), a reported L-carnitine analogue. Our results show that metabolic activity could be used as a proxy of the capacity to produce TMA under controlled culture conditions using L-carnitine to sustain metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simó
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Mónica R García-Risco
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Ainize Peña-Cearra
- CIC bioGUNE. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, bld 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Medicine and Nursing Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Leticia Abecia
- CIC bioGUNE. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, bld 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.,Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Medicine and Nursing Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- CIC bioGUNE. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, bld 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Héctor Rodríguez
- CIC bioGUNE. Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, bld 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Virginia García-Cañas
- Molecular Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li C, Liang Y, Qiao Y. Messengers From the Gut: Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites on Host Regulation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863407. [PMID: 35531300 PMCID: PMC9073088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is the natural habitat for trillions of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota, which play indispensable roles in maintaining host health. Defining the underlying mechanistic basis of the gut microbiota-host interactions has important implications for treating microbiota-associated diseases. At the fundamental level, the gut microbiota encodes a myriad of microbial enzymes that can modify various dietary precursors and host metabolites and synthesize, de novo, unique microbiota-derived metabolites that traverse from the host gut into the blood circulation. These gut microbiota-derived metabolites serve as key effector molecules to elicit host responses. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the understanding of the major classes of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and peptidoglycan fragments (PGNs) on their regulatory effects on host functions. Elucidation of the structures and biological activities of such gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the host represents an exciting and critical area of research.
Collapse
|
27
|
Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Impairs Purinergic Induced Intracellular Calcium Increase and Nitric Oxide Release in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073982. [PMID: 35409341 PMCID: PMC8999849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a diet derived compound directly introduced through foodstuff, or endogenously synthesized from its precursors, primarily choline, L-carnitine, and ergothioneine. New evidence outlines high TMAO plasma concentrations in patients with overt cardiovascular disease, but its direct role in pathological development is still controversial. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of TMAO in affecting key intracellular factors involved in endothelial dysfunction development, such as reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial health, calcium balance, and nitric oxide release using bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE-1). Cell viability and oxidative stress indicators were monitored after acute and prolonged TMAO treatment. The role of TMAO in interfering with the physiological purinergic vasodilatory mechanism after ATP stimulation was defined through measurements of the rise of intracellular calcium, nitric oxide release, and eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1179 (eNOSSer1179). TMAO was not cytotoxic for BAE-1 and it did not induce the rise of reactive oxygen species and impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential, either in the basal condition or in the presence of a stressor. In contrast, TMAO modified the purinergic response affecting intracellular ATP-induced calcium increase, nitric oxide release, and eNOSSer1179. Results obtained suggest a possible implication of TMAO in impairing the endothelial-dependent vasodilatory mechanism.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou Z, Jin H, Ju H, Sun M, Chen H, Li L. Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:828343. [PMID: 35433743 PMCID: PMC9012260 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.828343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is expected to be a prognostic biomarker among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, investigations on the association between TMAO and CKD prognosis are conflicting. In the present article, we aimed to assess the relationship of circulating TMAO with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among CKD patients by a meta-analysis. Methods Data were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for systematically searching related literature (last update: February 2022). The multivariable-adjusted hazard risks (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using random effects models. Results Eleven prospective cohort studies covering 7,899 CKD patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. When comparing individuals in the top and bottom baseline TMAO levels thirds, the multivariate adjusted pooled HR was 1.29 (95% CI 1.11–1.51, P = 0.001) for all-cause mortality, and 1.45 (95% CI 1.01–2.09, P = 0.043) for cardiovascular death. For continuous variables, per 1 unit increase of circulating TMAO levels was associated with a 3% higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06, P = 0.032), but not significantly associated with cardiovascular death (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92–1.27, P = 0.346). Stratified analyses revealed that the positive relationship between TMAO and all-cause mortality remained significant after adjusting for diabetes, blood pressure, blood lipid, renal function, or inflammatory parameters. Conclusion Higher circulating TMAO was associated with an increased mortality risk among patients with CKD, and this relationship may be dependent on TMAO dose and independent of renal function, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.INPLASY.COM], identifier [INPLASY2021100049].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Huixiang Ju
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Mingzhong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binhai County People’s Hospital, Yancheng, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Plant- and Animal-Based Protein-Rich Foods and Cardiovascular Health. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:197-213. [PMID: 35332443 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent evidence from randomized controlled feeding trials (RCTs) on the effects of consuming plant- and animal-based protein-rich foods on cardiovascular health of adults. RECENT FINDINGS Results from meta-analyses of RCTs exemplify the importance of considering relative effects of protein-rich foods, i.e., when intake of one food increases, intake of another food likely decreases. Results from short-term RCTs showed that overall diet quality is more influential for improving cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than intake of a single protein-rich food, e.g., red meat. Yet, assessing long-term CVD risk associated with intake of a single protein-rich food as part of a dietary pattern is methodologically challenging. While accumulating evidence suggests gut microbiota as a potential mediator for such effects, current knowledge is preliminary and restricts causal or functional inferences. A variety of protein-rich foods, both plant- and animal-based, should be consumed as part of nutrient-dense dietary patterns to meet nutrient needs and improve cardiovascular health for adults.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang C, Wei S, Jin M, Liu B, Yue M, Wang Y. Integrated Microbiomic and Metabolomic Dynamics of Fermented Corn and Soybean By-Product Mixed Substrate. Front Nutr 2022; 9:831243. [PMID: 35299761 PMCID: PMC8922052 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.831243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes and their metabolites produced in fermented food have been considered as critical contributors to the quality of the final products, but the comprehensive understanding of the microbiomic and metabolomic dynamics in plant-based food during solid-state fermentation remains unclear. Here, the probiotics of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis were inoculated into corn and defatted soybean to achieve the two-stage solid-state fermentation. A 16S sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the dynamics of microbiota, metabolites, and their integrated correlations during fermentation. The results showed that the predominant bacteria changed from Streptophyta and Rickettsiales at 0 h to Bacillus and Pseudomonas in aerobic stage and then to Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas in anaerobic stage. In total, 229 notably different metabolites were identified at different fermentation times, and protein degradation, amino acid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism were the main metabolic pathways during the fermentation. Notably, phenylalanine metabolism was the most important metabolic pathway in the fermentation process. Further analysis of the correlations among the microbiota, metabolites, and physicochemical characteristics indicated that Bacillus spp. was significantly correlated with amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism in aerobic stage, and Enterococcus spp. was remarkably associated with amino acids metabolism and lactic acid production in the anaerobic stage. The present study provides new insights into the dynamic changes in the metabolism underlying the metabolic and microbial profiles at different fermentation stages, and are expected to be useful for future studies on the quality of fermented plant-based food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yizhen Wang
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu J, Hefni ME, Witthöft CM, Bergström M, Burleigh S, Nyman M, Hållenius F. Effects of Whole Brown Bean and Its Isolated Fiber Fraction on Plasma Lipid Profile, Atherosclerosis, Gut Microbiota, and Microbiota-Dependent Metabolites in Apoe-/- Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050937. [PMID: 35267913 PMCID: PMC8912725 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of bean consumption are widely recognized and are largely attributed to the dietary fiber content. This study investigated and compared the effects of whole brown beans and an isolated bean dietary fiber fraction on the plasma lipid profile, atherosclerotic plaque amount, gut microbiota, and microbiota-dependent metabolites (cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and plasma methylamines) in Apoe−/− mice fed high fat diets for 10.5 weeks. The results showed that both whole bean and the isolated fiber fraction had a tendency to lower atherosclerotic plaque amount, but not plasma lipid concentration. The whole bean diet led to a significantly higher diversity of gut microbiota compared with the high fat diet. Both bean diets resulted in a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, higher relative abundance of unclassified S24-7, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, and unclassified Clostridiales, and lower abundance of Lactobacillus. Both bean diets resulted in higher formation of all cecal SCFAs (higher proportion of propionic acid and lower proportion of acetic acid) and higher plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations compared with the high fat diet. Whole beans and the isolated fiber fraction exerted similar positive effects on atherosclerotic plaque amount, gut microbiota, and cecal SCFAs in Apoe−/− mice compared with the control diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden; (M.E.H.); (C.M.W.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-072-451-6957
| | - Mohammed E. Hefni
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden; (M.E.H.); (C.M.W.); (M.B.)
- Food Industries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Cornelia M. Witthöft
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden; (M.E.H.); (C.M.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Bergström
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden; (M.E.H.); (C.M.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Stephen Burleigh
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (S.B.); (M.N.); (F.H.)
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (S.B.); (M.N.); (F.H.)
| | - Frida Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden; (S.B.); (M.N.); (F.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Michel AM, Borrero-de Acuña JM, Molinari G, Ünal CM, Will S, Derksen E, Barthels S, Bartram W, Schrader M, Rohde M, Zhang H, Hoffmann T, Neumann-Schaal M, Bremer E, Jahn D. Cellular adaptation of Clostridioides difficile to high salinity encompasses a compatible solute-responsive change in cell morphology. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1499-1517. [PMID: 35106888 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Infections by the pathogenic gut bacterium Clostridioides difficile cause severe diarrheas up to a toxic megacolon and are currently among the major causes of lethal bacterial infections. Successful bacterial propagation in the gut is strongly associated with the adaptation to changing nutrition-caused environmental conditions; e.g. environmental salt stresses. Concentrations of 350 mM NaCl, the prevailing salinity in the colon, led to significantly reduced growth of C. difficile. Metabolomics of salt- stressed bacteria revealed a major reduction of the central energy generation pathways, including the Stickland-fermentation reactions. No obvious synthesis of compatible solutes was observed up to 24 h of growth. The ensuing limited tolerance to high salinity and absence of compatible solute synthesis might result from an evolutionary adaptation to the exclusive life of C. difficile in the mammalian gut. Addition of the compatible solutes carnitine, glycine-betaine, γ-butyrobetaine, crotonobetaine, homobetaine, proline-betaine and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) restored growth (choline and proline failed) under conditions of high salinity. A bioinformatically-identified OpuF-type ABC-transporter imported most of the used compatible solutes. A long-term adaptation after 48 h included a shift of the Stickland fermentation-based energy metabolism from the utilization to the accumulation of L-proline and resulted in restored growth. Surprisingly, salt stress resulted in the formation of coccoid C. difficile cells instead of the typical rod-shaped cells, a process reverted by the addition of several compatible solutes. Hence, compatible solute import via OpuF is the major immediate adaptation strategy of C. difficile to high salinity-incurred cellular stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika-Marisa Michel
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - José Manuel Borrero-de Acuña
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Universidad de Sevilla, Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Av. de la Reina Mercedes, n° 6, CP, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gabriella Molinari
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Can Murat Ünal
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabine Will
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Derksen
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Barthels
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Bartram
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michel Schrader
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, No. 7186 Weixing Road, 130022, Changchun, China
| | - Tamara Hoffmann
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erhard Bremer
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Panyod S, Wu WK, Chen PC, Chong KV, Yang YT, Chuang HL, Chen CC, Chen RA, Liu PY, Chung CH, Huang HS, Lin AYC, Shen TCD, Yang KC, Huang TF, Hsu CC, Ho CT, Kao HL, Orekhov AN, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Atherosclerosis amelioration by allicin in raw garlic through gut microbiota and trimethylamine-N-oxide modulation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35087050 PMCID: PMC8795425 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is strongly associated with the gut microbiota and its metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), formed from metaorganismal metabolism of ʟ-carnitine. Raw garlic juice, with allicin as its primary compound, exhibits considerable effects on the gut microbiota. This study validated the benefits of raw garlic juice against CVD risk via modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Allicin supplementation significantly decreased serum TMAO in ʟ-carnitine-fed C57BL/6 J mice, reduced aortic lesions, and altered the fecal microbiota in carnitine-induced, atherosclerosis-prone, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. In human subjects exhibiting high-TMAO production, raw garlic juice intake for a week reduced TMAO formation, improved gut microbial diversity, and increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria. In in vitro and ex vivo studies, raw garlic juice and allicin inhibited γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) and trimethylamine production by the gut microbiota. Thus, raw garlic juice and allicin can potentially prevent cardiovascular disease by decreasing TMAO production via gut microbiota modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kent-Vui Chong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Yang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hu Chung
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iannotti LL, Blackmore I, Cohn R, Chen F, Gyimah EA, Chapnick M, Humphries A. Aquatic Animal Foods for Nutrition Security and Child Health. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 43:127-147. [PMID: 34905969 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211061924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquatic animal source foods (AASF) can provide vital nutrients and bioactive factors essential for human health, yet disparities in consumption patterns prevail globally. Limited evidence exists for the implications of AASF access on child health outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine global AASF intakes longitudinally in association with critical nutrient intakes and childhood stunting and anemia. METHODS The analysis draws from compiled longitudinal country data (1993-2013) based on a constructed conceptual framework encompassing social and ecological factors that influence fish consumption and human health. Longitudinal generalized linear models were used to estimate the association of apparent AASF intake on country-level nutrient availability (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA], choline, vitamin B12, iron, and zinc) and prevalence of undernourishment, child stunting, and child anemia. RESULTS Across 175 countries, the median per capita daily apparent intake of all AASF was 37.87 g, with marginally significant differences observed between countries with low (46.65 g) versus high child mortality (23.50 g). The combined category of all AASF was significantly associated with increased total apparent intakes of DHA, choline, and vitamin B12 and reduced child stunting. Finfish (pelagic and demersal) and crustaceans inversely correlated with child stunting, while apparent intakes of mollusks and crustaceans were associated with reduced child anemia. CONCLUSIONS This study uniquely showed that AASF were associated with improved child health outcomes and the critical nutrients necessary for growth, development, and maintaining health throughout the life course. Policies should ensure increased access to AASF across food systems and within sustainable healthy diets globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lora L Iannotti
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ivy Blackmore
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Cohn
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Gyimah
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa Chapnick
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin Humphries
- Department of Fisheries, Animal, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Emma EM, Amanda J. Dietary lipids from body to brain. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101144. [PMID: 34915080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits have drastically changed over the last decades in Western societies. The Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fatty acids (TFA), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and cholesterol, is accepted as an important factor in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes type 2. Alongside these diseases, nutrition is associated with the prevalence of brain disorders. Although clinical and epidemiological studies revealed that metabolic diseases and brain disorders might be related, the underlying pathology is multifactorial, making it hard to determine causal links. Neuroinflammation can be a result of unhealthy diets that may cause alterations in peripheral metabolism. Especially, dietary fatty acids are of interest, as they act as signalling molecules responsible for inflammatory processes. Diets rich in n-6 PUFA, SFA and TFA increase neuroinflammation, whereas diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), omega-3 (n-3) PUFA and sphingolipids (SL) can diminish neuroinflammation. Moreover, these pro- and anti-inflammatory diets might indirectly influence neuroinflammation via the adipose tissue, microbiome, intestine and vasculature. Here, we review the impact of nutrition on brain health. In particular, we will discuss the role of dietary lipids in signalling pathways directly applicable to inflammation and neuronal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Emma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Amanda
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Deraz O, Rangé H, Boutouyrie P, Chatzopoulou E, Asselin A, Guibout C, Van Sloten T, Bougouin W, Andrieu M, Vedié B, Thomas F, Danchin N, Jouven X, Bouchard P, Empana JP. Oral Condition and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: A Clustering Analysis. J Dent Res 2021; 101:526-533. [PMID: 34875909 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211052507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor oral health has been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD). Clustering clinical oral conditions routinely recorded in adults may identify their CHD risk profile. Participants from the Paris Prospective Study 3 received, between 2008 and 2012, a baseline routine full-mouth clinical examination and an extensive physical examination and were thereafter followed up every 2 y until September 2020. Three axes defined oral health conditions: 1) healthy, missing, filled, and decayed teeth; 2) masticatory capacity denoted by functional masticatory units; and 3) gingival inflammation and dental plaque. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models and adjusted for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, education, deprivation (EPICES score; Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, LDL and HDL serum cholesterol (low- and high-density lipoprotein), triglycerides, lipid-lowering medications, NT-proBNP and IL-6 serum level. A sample of 5,294 participants (age, 50 to 75 y; 37.10% women) were included in the study. Cluster analysis identified 3,688 (69.66%) participants with optimal oral health and preserved masticatory capacity (cluster 1), 1,356 (25.61%) with moderate oral health and moderately impaired masticatory capacity (cluster 2), and 250 (4.72%) with poor oral health and severely impaired masticatory capacity (cluster 3). After a median follow-up of 8.32 y (interquartile range, 8.00 to 10.05), 128 nonfatal incident CHD events occurred. As compared with cluster 1, the risk of CHD progressively increased from cluster 2 (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.98 to 2.15) to cluster 3 (hazard ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.34 to 4.57; P < 0.05 for trend). To conclude, middle-aged individuals with poor oral health and severely impaired masticatory capacity have more than twice the risk of incident CHD than those with optimal oral health and preserved masticatory capacity (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00741728).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Deraz
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UFR of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Paris, France
| | - H Rangé
- Université de Paris, UFR of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Rothschild Hospital, Department of Odontology, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, URP 2496, Paris, France
| | - P Boutouyrie
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Cellular, Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris, France
| | - E Chatzopoulou
- Université de Paris, UFR of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Rothschild Hospital, Department of Odontology, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, URP 2496, Paris, France
| | - A Asselin
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France
| | - C Guibout
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France
| | - T Van Sloten
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Bougouin
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France
| | - M Andrieu
- Université de Paris, Cochin Institute, Platform CYBIO, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - B Vedié
- AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Tissue and Blood Samples Biobank, Paris, France
| | - F Thomas
- Preventive and Clinical Investigation Center, Paris, France
| | - N Danchin
- Preventive and Clinical Investigation Center, Paris, France
| | - X Jouven
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Paris, France
| | - P Bouchard
- Université de Paris, UFR of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Rothschild Hospital, Department of Odontology, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, URP 2496, Paris, France
| | - J P Empana
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Reichard CA, Naelitz BD, Wang Z, Jia X, Li J, Stampfer MJ, Klein EA, Hazen SL, Sharifi N. Gut Microbiome-Dependent Metabolic Pathways and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer: Prospective Analysis of a PLCO Cancer Screening Trial Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:192-199. [PMID: 34711629 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and the gut microbiome have a complex interaction that generates metabolites with an unclear effect on lethal prostate cancer risk. Identification of modifiable risk factors for lethal prostate cancer is challenging given the long natural history of this disease and difficulty of prospectively identifying lethal cancers. METHODS Mass spectrometry was performed on baseline serum samples collected from 173 lethal prostate cancer cases and 519 controls enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. Baseline serum levels of choline, carnitine, betaine, γ-butyrobetaine, crotonobetaine, phenylacetylglutamine, hippuric acid, and p-cresol sulfate were quantified and analyzed by quartile. Conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis associated analyte levels with lethal prostate cancer incidence after adjusting for body mass index and PSA. The Cochran-Armitage test evaluated analyte level trends across quartiles. RESULTS Relative to those in the first quartile, cases with the highest baseline levels of choline (Q4 OR: 2.19; 95% CI, 1.23-3.90; P-trend: 0.005) and betaine (Q4 OR: 1.86; 95% CI, 1.05-3.30; P-trend: 0.11) exhibited increased odds of developing lethal prostate cancer. Higher baseline serum levels of phenylacetylglutamine (Q4 OR: 2.55; 95% CI, 1.40-4.64; P-trend: 0.003), a gut microbiome metabolite of phenylalanine with adrenergic activity, were also associated with lethal prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Baseline serum levels of one-carbon methyl donors and adrenergic compounds resulting from human and gut microbiota-mediated metabolism are associated with increased lethal prostate cancer risk. IMPACT Dietary composition, circulating metabolite levels, and downstream signaling pathways may represent modifiable risk factors associated with incident lethal prostate cancer. Beta-adrenergic blockade represents an additional target for oncologic risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Reichard
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Urology of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bryan D Naelitz
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Jianbo Li
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric A Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Q, Wu T, Zhang M, Chen H, Liu R. Induction of the glycolysis product methylglyoxal on trimethylamine lyase synthesis in the intestinal microbiota from mice fed with choline and dietary fiber. Food Funct 2021; 12:9880-9893. [PMID: 34664588 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the induction of the glycolysis product methylglyoxal by trimethylamine (TMA) lyase synthesis in the intestinal microbiota and investigated the intervention mechanism of the effects of dietary fiber on methylglyoxal formation. Intestinal digesta samples, collected from the ceca of mice fed with choline-rich and fiber-supplemented diets, were incubated in an anaerobic environment at 37 °C and pH 7.0 with choline, glycine, and methylglyoxal as inductive factors. The differences between the gut microbiota and its metagenomic and metabonomics profiles were determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The results elucidated that the different dietary interventions could induce differences in the composition of the microbiota, gene expression profiles associated with glycine metabolism, and glycolysis. As compared to the gut microbiota of choline-diet fed mice, fiber supplementation effectively altered the composition of the microbiota and inhibited the genes involved in choline metabolism, glycine and methylglyoxal accumulation, and TMA lyase expression, and improved the methylglyoxal utilization by regulating the pathway related to pyruvate production. However, the intervention of exogenous methylglyoxal significantly decreased these effects. These findings successfully revealed the correlations between the TMA lyase expression and glycine level, as well as the inhibitory effects of dietary fiber on the glycine level, thereby highlighting the role of common glycolytic metabolites as a potential target for TMA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.,China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.,China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Panyod S, Wu WK, Chen CC, Wu MS, Ho CT, Sheen LY. Modulation of gut microbiota by foods and herbs to prevent cardiovascular diseases. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 13:107-118. [PMID: 36970453 PMCID: PMC10037074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrients are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) both through traditional pathways (inducing hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammation) and through the emergence of a metaorganism-pathogenesis pathway (through the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and host). Several molecules from food play an important role as CVD risk-factor precursors either themselves or through the metabolism of the gut microbiome. Animal-based dietary proteins are the primary source of CVD risk-factor precursors; however, some plants also possess these precursors, though at relatively low levels compared with animal-source food products. Various medications have been developed to treat CVD through the gut-microbiota-circulation axis, and they exhibit potent effects in CVD treatment. Nevertheless, such medicines are still being improved, and there are many research gaps that need to be addressed. Furthermore, some medications have unpleasant or adverse effects. Numerous foods and herbs impart beneficial effects upon health and disease. In the past decade, many studies have focused on treating and preventing CVD by modulating the gut microbiota and their metabolites. This review provides an overview of the available information, summarizes current research related to the gut-microbiota-heart axis, enumerates the foods and herbs that are CVD-risk precursors, and illustrates how metabolites become CVD risk factors through the metabolism of gut microbiota. Moreover, we present perspectives on the application of foods and herbs-including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotic-like substances-as CVD prevention agents to modulate gut microbiota by inhibiting gut-derived CVD risk factors. Taxonomy classification by EVISE Cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota, herbal medicine, preventive medicine, dietary therapy, nutrition supplements.
Collapse
|
42
|
Saeedi Saravi SS, Bonetti NR, Pugin B, Constancias F, Pasterk L, Gobbato S, Akhmedov A, Liberale L, Lüscher TF, Camici GG, Beer JH. Lifelong dietary omega-3 fatty acid suppresses thrombotic potential through gut microbiota alteration in aged mice. iScience 2021; 24:102897. [PMID: 34401676 PMCID: PMC8355916 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including thrombotic events. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of thrombotic risk. Plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA) confers beneficial anti-platelet and anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, antithrombotic activity elicited by ALA may be partly dependent on its interaction with gut microbiota during aging. Here, we demonstrate that lifelong dietary ALA decreases platelet hyperresponsiveness and thrombus formation in aged mice. These phenotypic changes can be partly attributed to alteration of microbial composition and reduction of its metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, as well as the upregulated production of short-chain fatty acid acetate. ALA-rich diet also dampens secretion of increased procoagulant factors, tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, in aged mice. Our results suggest long-term ALA supplementation as an attractive, accessible, and well-tolerated nutritional strategy against age-associated platelet hyperreactivity and thrombotic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Nicole R. Bonetti
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Pugin
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Pasterk
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sara Gobbato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F. Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giovanni G. Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg H. Beer
- Laboratory for Platelet Research, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Im Ergel 1, 5404 Baden, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ferreira RLU, Sena-Evangelista KCM, de Azevedo EP, Pinheiro FI, Cobucci RN, Pedrosa LFC. Selenium in Human Health and Gut Microflora: Bioavailability of Selenocompounds and Relationship With Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:685317. [PMID: 34150830 PMCID: PMC8211732 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.685317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers current knowledge of selenium in the dietary intake, its bioavailability, metabolism, functions, biomarkers, supplementation and toxicity, as well as its relationship with diseases and gut microbiota specifically on the symbiotic relationship between gut microflora and selenium status. Selenium is essential for the maintenance of the immune system, conversion of thyroid hormones, protection against the harmful action of heavy metals and xenobiotics as well as for the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases. Selenium is able to balance the microbial flora avoiding health damage associated with dysbiosis. Experimental studies have shown that inorganic and organic selenocompounds are metabolized to selenomethionine and incorporated by bacteria from the gut microflora, therefore highlighting their role in improving the bioavailability of selenocompounds. Dietary selenium can affect the gut microbial colonization, which in turn influences the host's selenium status and expression of selenoproteoma. Selenium deficiency may result in a phenotype of gut microbiota that is more susceptible to cancer, thyroid dysfunctions, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular disorders. Although the host and gut microbiota benefit each other from their symbiotic relationship, they may become competitors if the supply of micronutrients is limited. Intestinal bacteria can remove selenium from the host resulting in two to three times lower levels of host's selenoproteins under selenium-limiting conditions. There are still gaps in whether these consequences are unfavorable to humans and animals or whether the daily intake of selenium is also adapted to meet the needs of the bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Cavalcanti Maurício Sena-Evangelista
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira de Azevedo
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
| | - Francisco Irochima Pinheiro
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil.,Medical School, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil.,Medical School, Laureate International Universities - Universidade Potiguar, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucia Fatima Campos Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rajeev R, Seethalakshmi PS, Jena PK, Prathiviraj R, Kiran GS, Selvin J. Gut microbiome responses in the metabolism of human dietary components: Implications in health and homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7615-7631. [PMID: 34016000 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1916429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome and its link with human health and disease have gained a lot of attention recently. The microbiome executes its functions in the host by carrying out the transformation of dietary components and/or de novo synthesis of various essential nutrients. The presence of complex microbial communities makes it difficult to understand the host-microbiome interplay in the metabolism of dietary components. This review attempts to uncover the incredible role of the gut microbiome in the metabolism of dietary components, diet-microbiome interplay, and restoration of the microbiome. The in silico analysis performed in this study elucidates the functional description of essential/hub genes involved in the amino acid degradation pathway, which are mutually present in the host and its gut microbiome. Hence, the computational model helps comprehend the inter-and intracellular molecular networks between humans and their microbial partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riya Rajeev
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - P S Seethalakshmi
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Prasant Kumar Jena
- Immunology and infectious disease research, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R Prathiviraj
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang JJ, Shu XO, Herrington DM, Moore SC, Meyer KA, Ose J, Menni C, Palmer ND, Eliassen H, Harada S, Tzoulaki I, Zhu H, Albanes D, Wang TJ, Zheng W, Cai H, Ulrich CM, Guasch-Ferré M, Karaman I, Fornage M, Cai Q, Matthews CE, Wagenknecht LE, Elliott P, Gerszten RE, Yu D. Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide in association with diet and cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1145-1156. [PMID: 33826706 PMCID: PMC8106754 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived, gut microbial-host cometabolite, has been linked to cardiometabolic diseases. However, the relations remain unclear between diet, TMAO, and cardiometabolic health in general populations from different regions and ethnicities. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of circulating TMAO with dietary and cardiometabolic factors in a pooled analysis of 16 population-based studies from the United States, Europe, and Asia. METHODS Included were 32,166 adults (16,269 white, 13,293 Asian, 1247 Hispanic/Latino, 1236 black, and 121 others) without cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, or inflammatory bowel disease. Linear regression coefficients (β) were computed for standardized TMAO with harmonized variables. Study-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. A false discovery rate <0.10 was considered significant. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, circulating TMAO was associated with intakes of animal protein and saturated fat (β = 0.124 and 0.058, respectively, for a 5% energy increase) and with shellfish, total fish, eggs, and red meat (β = 0.370, 0.151, 0.081, and 0.056, respectively, for a 1 serving/d increase). Plant protein and nuts showed inverse associations (β = -0.126 for a 5% energy increase from plant protein and -0.123 for a 1 serving/d increase of nuts). Although the animal protein-TMAO association was consistent across populations, fish and shellfish associations were stronger in Asians (β = 0.285 and 0.578), and egg and red meat associations were more prominent in Americans (β = 0.153 and 0.093). Besides, circulating TMAO was positively associated with creatinine (β = 0.131 SD increase in log-TMAO), homocysteine (β = 0.065), insulin (β = 0.048), glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.048), and glucose (β = 0.023), whereas it was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (β = -0.047) and blood pressure (β = -0.030). Each TMAO-biomarker association remained significant after further adjusting for creatinine and was robust in subgroup/sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS In an international, consortium-based study, animal protein was consistently associated with increased circulating TMAO, whereas TMAO associations with fish, shellfish, eggs, and red meat varied among populations. The adverse associations of TMAO with certain cardiometabolic biomarkers, independent of renal function, warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jeong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Herrington
- Section on Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katie A Meyer
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Heather Eliassen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Huilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Karaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sugano M, Matsuoka R. Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol. Foods 2021; 10:494. [PMID: 33669005 PMCID: PMC7996514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most current epidemiologic studies indicate no significant association between consuming one egg daily and blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, arguments still persist with a positive association. Since the diet is one of the most influential factors for this association, we illustrate characteristic features in Japanese people whose dietary pattern is distinct from that, for example, the US (United States) population. Available epidemiologic studies in healthy Japanese people show no association between consumption of one egg daily and blood cholesterol level, consistent with those observed in the US population. However, when consumption of major nutrients and food sources of cholesterol are compared to the US population, Japanese people may have an extra-reserve against the influence of eggs on cardiovascular risk markers, despite consuming relatively more eggs. Further discussion on the influence of nutrients contained in the egg and dietary pattern, including interaction with gut microbes, is necessary. In addition, special consideration at the personalized level is needed for judgment regarding dietary cholesterol not only for hypercholesterolemic patients but for hyper-responsive healthy persons. Although randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are required to evaluate the association between consumption of eggs and human health, available information, at least from the nutritional viewpoint, suggests that egg is a healthy and cost-efficient food worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Sugano
- Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
- Japan Egg Science Society, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thomas MS, Fernandez ML. Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), Diet and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33594574 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The association between plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), diet and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still not fully understood. While epidemiologic research shows a causal relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and CVD risk, the role of dietary precursors in determining plasma concentrations of TMAO and biomarkers for CVD is inconclusive. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in diverse populations show that plasma TMAO concentrations are positively associated with inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, type-2 diabetes, central adiposity and hypertension. Most recent studies utilizing challenges of dietary choline have not shown increases in plasma chronic TMAO concentrations while studies with carnitine have shown increases in plasma TMAO but in some cases, no alterations in plasma lipids or biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed. TMAO is an important plasma metabolite that through several mechanisms can increase the risk of CVD. The correlations between dietary choline and carnitine on chronic plasma TMAO levels and risk for CVD requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minu S Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Romanenko M, Kholin V, Koliada A, Vaiserman A. Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:712673. [PMID: 34421687 PMCID: PMC8374099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Evidence is obtained that the gut microbiota is a key player in these processes. Dietary changes (both adverse and beneficial) may influence the microbiome composition, thereby affecting the gut-brain axis and the subsequent risk for Alzheimer's disease progression. In this review, the research findings that support the role of intestinal microbiota in connection between nutritional factors and the risk for Alzheimer's disease onset and progression are summarized. The mechanisms potentially involved in these processes as well as the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in therapeutic modulation of contributed pathways are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Romanenko
- Laboratory of Dietetics, D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kholin
- Department of Age Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System, D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|