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Wan W, Wang N. Polarized benzene rings can promote the interaction between CaM and the CaMBD region of nNOS. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1461272. [PMID: 39290828 PMCID: PMC11405375 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1461272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) subtype of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme required for learning and memory. Overactivation of nNOS can lead to oxidative/nitrite stress, which is complicit in the pathophysiology of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Previous studies have shown that calmodulin (CaM) forms complexes with Ca2+ and binds to the calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD) of nNOS, thereby upregulating its catalytic activity in hippocampal neurons. To date, there has been no explanation for the non-covalent interactions in the CaMBD-CaM binding structure model of nNOS. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the intrinsic factors involved in the binding of CaM to NOS-CaMBD and designed interfering peptides based on the N0 peptide structure of the original nNOS-CaMBD sequence: N1 (obtained from the L734F mutation), N2 (obtained from the F731Y and F740Y mutations), and N3 (obtained from the F731L, V738L, and F740L mutations). We employed homology modeling to construct six CaM-peptide complex models, aiming to elucidate the roles of key amino acid residues within the N0 peptide in its interaction with CaM by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The effect of the peptides on the activation and release of NO by nNOS in neurons was assessed using murine primary neuronal cells. Results When measuring neuronal NO content, it was found that adding N2 and N3 to cultivated neurons significantly increased nNOS activity, leading to the increased NO production. We found that interfering peptides could stably bind to CaM. Among them, N2 and CaM exhibited the strongest binding ability, indicating that the polarized benzene ring significantly enhanced the binding between nNOS-CaMBD and CaM. Conversely, the binding ability between N0 and CaM was the weakest, as they exhibited the worst polar contact, weakest hydrogen bonding, and the lowest binding free energy. The simulation results also highlighted several important amino acid residues: The K76 of CaM plays an important role in polar contact and hydrogen bonding formation, the L734 residue suppressed model flexibility to a certain extent and had an adverse effect on the overall binding free energy of the model. These results, compared with the results of cellular NO content, a preliminary verification of the antagonistic competitive mechanism between CaM allosteric activation of nNOS and SUMOylation hyperactivation was performed. Discussion In summary, this study explored the ability and mode of action of key residues in nNOS-CaMBD on the binding of interfering peptides to CaM, thereby providing new structural perspectives for the activation of nNOS by CaM and recommendations for drug design targeting the specific inhibition of nNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center of Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Demonstration Center of Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Faust D, Wenz C, Holm S, Harms G, Greffrath W, Dietrich C. Cell-cell contacts prevent t-BuOOH-triggered ferroptosis and cellular damage in vitro by regulation of intracellular calcium. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2953-2969. [PMID: 38814333 PMCID: PMC11324706 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) is an organic hydroperoxide widely used as a model compound to induce oxidative stress. It leads to a plethora of cellular damage, including lipid peroxidation, DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs), and breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). We could show in several cell lines that t-BuOOH induces ferroptosis, triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. We have further revealed that not only t-BuOOH-mediated ferroptosis, but also DNA DSBs and loss of MMP are prevented by cell-cell contacts. The underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we show in murine fibroblasts and a human colon carcinoma cell line that t-BuOOH (50 or 100 µM, resp.) causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+, and that this increase is key to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, DNA DSB formation and dissipation of the MMP. We further demonstrate that cell-cell contacts prevent t-BuOOH-mediated raise in intracellular Ca2+. Hence, we provide novel insights into the mechanism of t-BuOOH-triggered cellular damage including ferroptosis and propose a model in which cell-cell contacts control intracellular Ca2+ levels to prevent lipid peroxidation, DNA DSB-formation and loss of MMP. Since Ca2+ is a central player of toxicity in response to oxidative stress and is involved in various cell death pathways, our observations suggest a broad protective function of cell-cell contacts against a variety of exogenous toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Faust
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine Wenz
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Albklinik Münsingen of the District Hospital Association Reutlingen, Lautertalstraße 47, 72525, Münsingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Holm
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greffrath
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cornelia Dietrich
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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O’Hare N, Millican K, Ebong EE. Unraveling neurovascular mysteries: the role of endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1394725. [PMID: 39027900 PMCID: PMC11254711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1394725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While cardiovascular disease, cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality rates have decreased over the past 20 years, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) deaths have risen by 145% since 2010. Despite significant research efforts, effective AD treatments remain elusive due to a poorly defined etiology and difficulty in targeting events that occur too downstream of disease onset. In hopes of elucidating alternative treatment pathways, now, AD is commonly being more broadly defined not only as a neurological disorder but also as a progression of a variety of cerebrovascular pathologies highlighted by the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), which is an essential regulator of vascular physiology, plays a crucial role in the function of the neurovascular system, acting as an essential vascular mechanotransducer to facilitate ultimate blood-brain homeostasis. Shedding of the cerebrovascular GCX could be an early indication of neurovascular dysfunction and may subsequently progress neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Recent advances in in vitro modeling, gene/protein silencing, and imaging techniques offer new avenues of scrutinizing the GCX's effects on AD-related neurovascular pathology. Initial studies indicate GCX degradation in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and have begun to demonstrate a possible link to GCX loss and cerebrovascular dysfunction. This review will scrutinize the GCX's contribution to known vascular etiologies of AD and propose future work aimed at continuing to uncover the relationship between GCX dysfunction and eventual AD-associated neurological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O’Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Gholizadeh R, Eslami F, Dejban P, Ghasemi M, Rahimi N, Dehpour AR. Additive Anticonvulsive Effects of Sumatriptan and Morphine on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Clonic Seizures in Mice. J Epilepsy Res 2024; 14:9-16. [PMID: 38978533 PMCID: PMC11227926 DOI: 10.14581/jer.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Sumatriptan protects the brain from damage and enhance the anti-seizure effect of morphine. There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) may mediate these effects of both drugs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sumatriptan (0.1-20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) and morphine (0.1-20 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination on seizure thresholds in an in vivo model of seizure in mice. Using various NO synthase inhibitors as well as the NO precursor, we assessed possible involvement of NO signaling in these effects. Methods Clonic seizures were induced in male Naval Medical Research Institute mice by intravenous administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Results Acute sumatriptan administration exerted anti-convulsive effects at 0.5 (p<0.01) and 1 mg/kg (p<0.05), but pro-convulsive effects at 20 mg/kg (p<0.05). Morphine had anti-convulsive effects at 0.5 (p<0.05) and 1 mg/kg (p<0.001), but exerted pro-convulsive effect at 20 mg/kg (p<0.05). Combination treatment with sub-effective doses of sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) and morphine (0.1 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05) exerted an anti-convulsive effect. Co-administration of the NO precursor L-arginine (60 mg/kg) with sub-effective doses of sumatriptan and morphine significantly (p<0.05) increased seizure threshold compared with sumatriptan alone, but not sumatriptan+morphine group. While concomitant administration of either the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (5 mg/kg) or the selective inducible NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg) with combined sub-effective doses of morphine and sumatriptan produced significant anticonvulsive effects, concomitant administration with the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (30 mg/kg) inhibited this effect. Conclusions Our data suggest a possible role for the NO signaling in the anticonvulsive effects of combined sumatriptan and morphine on the PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
USA
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj,
Iran
| | - Faezeh Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Pegah Dejban
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA,
USA
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
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Clemons GA, Silva ACE, Acosta CH, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Rodgers KM, Wu CYC, Citadin CT, Lee RHC, Neumann JT, Allani S, Prentice H, Zhang Q, Lin HW. Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 modulates nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30858. [PMID: 36036549 PMCID: PMC9971360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of mortality, disability, and long-term care burden in the United States, with women comprising the majority of AD diagnoses. While AD-related dementia is associated with tau and amyloid beta accumulation, concurrent derangements in cerebral blood flow have been observed alongside these proteinopathies in humans and rodent models. The homeostatic production of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) becomes uncoupled in AD which leads to decreased NO-mediated vasodilation and oxidative stress via the production of peroxynitrite (ONOO-∙) superoxide species. Here, we investigate the role of the novel protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) enzyme function and its downstream product asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) as it relates to NOS dysregulation and cerebral blood flow in AD. ADMA (type-1 PRMT product) has been shown to bind NOS as a noncanonic ligand causing enzymatic dysfunction. Our results from RT-qPCR and protein analyses suggest that aged (9-12 months) female mice bearing tau- and amyloid beta-producing transgenic mutations (3xTg-AD) express higher levels of PRMT4 in the hippocampus when compared to age- and sex-matched C57BL6/J mice. In addition, we performed studies to quantify the expression and activity of different NOS isoforms. Furthermore, laser speckle contrast imaging analysis was indicative that 3xTg-AD mice have dysfunctional NOS activity, resulting in reduced production of NO metabolites, enhanced production of free-radical ONOO-, and decreased cerebral blood flow. Notably, the aforementioned phenomena can be reversed via pharmacologic PRMT4 inhibition. Together, these findings implicate the potential importance of PRMT4 signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's-related cerebrovascular derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mariana Sayuri Berto Udo
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shailaja Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Howard Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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Baek KI, Ryu K. Role of Flow-Sensitive Endothelial Genes in Atherosclerosis and Antiatherogenic Therapeutics Development. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:609-623. [PMID: 38010480 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease which initiates from endothelial dysfunction from genetic and environmental risk factors, including biomechanical forces: blood flow. Endothelial cells (ECs) lining the inner arterial wall regions exposed to disturbed flow are prone to atherosclerosis development, whereas the straight regions exposed to stable flow are spared from the disease. These flow patterns induce genome- and epigenome-wide changes in gene expression in ECs. Through the sweeping changes in gene expression, disturbed flow reprograms ECs from athero-protected cell types under the stable flow condition to pro-atherogenic cell conditions. The pro-atherogenic changes induced by disturbed flow, in combination with additional risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, lead to the progression of atherosclerosis. The flow-sensitive genes and proteins are critical in understanding the mechanisms and serve as novel targets for antiatherogenic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kitae Ryu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, 17, Wauan-Gil, Bongdam-Eup, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 18323, Republic of Korea.
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Soares-Santos RR, Machado DP, Romero TL, Duarte IDG. Nitric oxide and potassium channels but not opioid and cannabinoid receptors mediate tramadol-induced peripheral antinociception in rat model of paw pressure withdrawal. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:218-227. [PMID: 37976474 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol, an analgesic classified as an "atypical opioid", exhibits both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms of action. This study aimed to explore these mechanisms, specifically the opioid-, cannabinoid-, nitric oxide-, and potassium channel-based mechanisms, which contribute to the peripheral antinociception effect of tramadol, in an experimental rat model. The nociceptive threshold was determined using paw pressure withdrawal. To examine the mechanisms of action, several substances were administered intraplantarly: naloxone, a non-selective opioid antagonist (50 µg/paw); AM251 (80 µg/paw) and AM630 (100 µg/paw) as the selective antagonists for types 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors, respectively; nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L-NOArg, L-NIO, L-NPA, and L-NIL (24 µg/paw); and the enzyme inhibitors of guanylatocyclase and phosphodiesterase of cGMP, ODQ, and zaprinast. Additionally, potassium channel blockers glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, dequalinium, and paxillin were used. The results showed that opioid and cannabinoid receptor antagonists did not reverse tramadol's effects. L-NOarg, L-NIO, and L-NPA partially reversed antinociception, while ODQ completely reversed, and zaprinast enhanced tramadol's antinociception effect. Notably, glibenclamide blocked tramadol's antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that tramadol's peripheral antinociception effect is likely mediated by the nitrergic pathway and sensitive ATP potassium channels, rather than the opioid and cannabinoid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel R Soares-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Machado
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Igor D G Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Li H, Li W, Song K, Liu Y, Zhao G, Du YL. Nitric oxide synthase-guided genome mining identifies a cytochrome P450 enzyme for olefin nitration in bacterial specialized metabolism. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:127-133. [PMID: 38304063 PMCID: PMC10831120 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) has recently emerged as a metabolic precursor for the creation of microbial natural products with diversified structures and biological activities. Within the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of these compounds, genes associated with NO production pathways have been pinpointed. In this study, we employ a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-guided genome mining strategy for the targeted discovery of NO-derived bacterial natural products and NO-utilizing biocatalysts. We show that a conserved NOS-containing BGC, distributed across several actinobacterial genomes, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lajollamycin, a unique nitro-tetraene-containing antibiotic whose biosynthetic mechanism remains elusive. Through a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we unveil the first cytochrome P450 enzyme capable of catalyzing olefin nitration in natural product biosynthesis. These results not only expand the current knowledge about biosynthetic nitration processes but also offer an efficient way for targeted identification of NO-utilizing metabolic pathways and novel nitrating biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kaihui Song
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Ling Du
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310022, China
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zhuang Y, Liu W, Chen F, Xie M, Zhang H, Huang Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Ma K, Feng H, Ruan S, He J, Zhang W, Zou F, Kang X, Fan Y, Zhang G, Chen Z. Nitric oxide-induced lipophagic defects contribute to testosterone deficiency in rats with spinal cord injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1360499. [PMID: 38455652 PMCID: PMC10918589 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1360499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Males with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently exhibit testosterone deficiency and reproductive dysfunction. While such incidence rates are high in chronic patients, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Methods and results Herein, we generated a rat SCI model, which recapitulated complications in human males, including low testosterone levels and spermatogenic disorders. Proteomics analyses showed that the differentially expressed proteins were mostly enriched in lipid metabolism and steroid metabolism and biosynthesis. In SCI rats, we observed that testicular nitric oxide (NO) levels were elevated and lipid droplet-autophagosome co-localization in testicular interstitial cells was decreased. We hypothesized that NO impaired lipophagy in Leydig cells (LCs) to disrupt testosterone biosynthesis and spermatogenesis. As postulated, exogenous NO donor (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)) treatment markedly raised NO levels and disturbed lipophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway, and ultimately impaired testosterone production in mouse LCs. However, such alterations were not fully observed when cells were treated with an endogenous NO donor (L-arginine), suggesting that mouse LCs were devoid of an endogenous NO-production system. Alternatively, activated (M1) macrophages were predominant NO sources, as inducible NO synthase inhibition attenuated lipophagic defects and testosterone insufficiency in LCs in a macrophage-LC co-culture system. In scavenging NO (2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (CPTIO)) we effectively restored lipophagy and testosterone levels both in vitro and in vivo, and importantly, spermatogenesis in vivo. Autophagy activation by LYN-1604 also promoted lipid degradation and testosterone synthesis. Discussion In summary, we showed that NO-disrupted-lipophagy caused testosterone deficiency following SCI, and NO clearance or autophagy activation could be effective in preventing reproductive dysfunction in males with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Centre of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyu Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanbin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zicong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinsheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrui Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shipeng Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wansong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangjin Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guofei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Guo C, He J, Deng X, Wang D, Yuan G. Potential therapeutic value of melatonin in diabetic nephropathy: improvement beyond anti-oxidative stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1250-1261. [PMID: 34048666 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1933539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes, and it is also the main cause of chronic renal failure. Physiological/pathological changes mediated by high glucose are the main factors causing injury of DN, including the enhancement of polyol pathway, the accumulation of advanced glycation products (AGEs), and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals. In addition, the abnormal activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and oxidative stress are also involved. Melatonin is a physiological hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland which has been proved to be related to diabetes. Studies have shown that exogenous melatonin intervention can reduce blood glucose and alleviate high glucose mediated pathological damage. At the same time, melatonin also has a strong antioxidant effect, and can inhibit the activation of RAS. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the therapeutic effect and value of melatonin on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Sudershan A, Bhagat M, Singh K, Pushap AC, Kumar H, Kumar P. A Comprehensive Investigation of Risk Association Between the -786 T > C, + 884 G > A, VNTR, rs743506, rs3918226 of eNOS and Susceptibility of Migraine: A Updated Meta-Analysis Utilizing Trial Sequential Analysis. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:956-975. [PMID: 37902933 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
With a feature of complex pathogenic mechanisms, migraine is a well-known common neurovascular disorder. Multiple genes are responsible for hindering the susceptibility of pain threshold one of which is the eNOS gene and its variants. Multiple independent observational studies with case-control design produced conflicting findings, which can be attributed to a variety of factors including varying sample sizes, demographic stratification, technique application, etc. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to find out the precise risk between the selected variant of eNOS and the risk of migraine and its clinical subtypes using a meta-analysis approach. To find the association between the risk variants of the eNOS gene and migraine, a PRISMA-based systematic literature review strategy was utilized to search via online resources including PubMed and Google Scholar. Using several genetic models, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed to pool the data. To access heterogeneity, Cochran's Q Test and I2 statistics were utilized, while Begg's and Egger's tests were used to determine publication bias. A p-value of 0.05 or below was deemed statistically significant for all two-sided tests. The present meta-analysis was able to find out the significant protective association between rs743506 and migraine after using dominant (OR: 0.66, CI [0.49-0.86]), over-dominant (OR: 0.56, CI [0.42-0.75]), codominant model (OR: 0.58, CI[0.43-0.77]). Only significant risk association was found between rs1799983, rs3918226, and risk of migraine with aura after utilizing recessive and codominant models i.e., HR vs HW and HR vs HT. The present meta-analysis showed that rs743506 showed a protective association in comparison to rs1799983, rs3918226 which showed significant risk in the MA group. Also, TSA showed non-significant results and therefore, in conclusion, more studies are required to establish risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Sudershan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180006, India
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University of Srinagar, Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, 190001, India
| | - Meenakshi Bhagat
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Kuljeet Singh
- Department of Computer Science & IT, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu & Kashmir, 181143, India
| | - Agar Chander Pushap
- Department of Education, Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, Madras, 600017, India
| | - Hardeep Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Super Specialty Hospital, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Parvinder Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180006, India.
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180006, India.
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12
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Zhang W, Chen SJ, Guo LY, Zhang Z, Zhang JB, Wang XM, Meng XB, Zhang MY, Zhang KK, Chen LL, Li YW, Wen Y, Wang L, Hu JH, Bai YY, Zhang XJ. Nitric oxide synthase and its function in animal reproduction: an update. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1288669. [PMID: 38028794 PMCID: PMC10662090 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1288669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical labile gas, is involved in the regulation of various biological functions and physiological processes during animal reproduction. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that the biological role and chemical fate of NO is dependent on dynamic regulation of its biosynthetic enzyme, three distinct nitric oxide synthase (NOS) according to their structure, location and function. The impact of NOS isoforms on reproductive functions need to be timely elucidated. Here, we focus on and the basic background and latest studies on the development, structure, importance inhibitor, location pattern, complex functions. Moreover, we summarize the exactly mechanisms which involved some cell signal pathways in the regulation of NOS with cellular and molecular level in the animal reproduction. Therefore, this growing research area provides the new insight into the important role of NOS male and female reproduction system. It also provides the treatment evidence on targeting NOS of reproductive regulation and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Su juan Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Li ya Guo
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia bin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang bo Meng
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Min ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ke ke Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lin lin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi wei Li
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yuliang Wen
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jian he Hu
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yue yu Bai
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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13
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Brandwein JN, Sculthorpe TS, Ridder MJ, Bose JL, Rice KC. Factors impacting the regulation of nos gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0168823. [PMID: 37747881 PMCID: PMC10580903 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01688-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nitric oxide synthase (saNOS) contributes to oxidative stress resistance, antibiotic tolerance, virulence, and modulation of aerobic and nitrate-based cellular respiration. Despite its involvement in these essential processes, the genetic regulation of nos expression has not been well characterized. 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends on nos RNA isolated from S. aureus UAMS-1 (USA200 strain) and AH1263 (USA300 strain) revealed that the nos transcriptional start site mapped to an adenine nucleotide in the predicted Shine-Dalgarno site located 11 bp upstream of the nos ATG start codon, suggesting that the nos transcript may have a leaderless organization or may be subject to processing. The SrrAB two-component system (TCS) was previously identified as a positive regulator of nos RNA levels, and experiments using a β-galactosidase reporter plasmid confirmed that SrrAB is a positive regulator of nos promoter activity. In addition, the quorum-sensing system Agr was identified as a negative regulator of low-oxygen nos expression in UAMS-1, with activity epistatic to SrrAB. Involvement of Agr was strain dependent, as nos expression remained unchanged in an AH1263 agr mutant, which has higher Agr activity compared to UAMS-1. Furthermore, nos promoter activity and RNA levels were significantly stronger in AH1263 relative to UAMS-1 during late-exponential low-oxygen growth, when nos expression is maximal. Global regulators Rex and MgrA were also implicated as negative regulators of low-oxygen nos promoter activity in UAMS-1. Collectively, these results provide new insight into factors that control nos expression.IMPORTANCEBacterial nitric oxide synthase (bNOS) has recently emerged in several species as a key player in resistance to stresses commonly encountered during infection. Although Staphylococcus aureus (sa)NOS has been suggested to be a promising drug target in S. aureus, an obstacle to this in practice is the existence of mammalian NOS, whose oxygenase domain is like bacterial NOS. Increased understanding of the nos regulatory network in S. aureus could allow targeting of saNOS through its regulators, bypassing the issue of also inhibiting mammalian NOS. Furthermore, the observed strain-dependent differences in S. aureus nos regulation presented in this study reinforce the importance of studying bacterial NOS regulation and function at both the strain and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Brandwein
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tiffany S. Sculthorpe
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miranda J. Ridder
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Bose
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kelly C. Rice
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Wadhwa D, Kumar V, Hasija MK, Bey A. Levels of nitric oxide in smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2023; 14:450-453. [PMID: 38273932 PMCID: PMC10806316 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_405_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nitric oxide (NO) in both serum and saliva of smokers and nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis before and after scaling and root planing, as well as to compare the same (NO levels) with the severity of periodontitis. Materials and Methods Sixty people took part in the study and were divided into three groups. The control group (Group I) involved 20 patients who were nonsmokers with healthy periodontium. The other two groups included 20 patients each, where Group II was nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis and Group III was smokers with chronic periodontitis. In addition, NO generation was quantified indirectly in this study using the Griess reaction to determine the nitrite level in serum and saliva. Results The mean value of salivary and serum NO was higher in Group III than in Group II, and NO decreased considerably (P < 0.01) in both Groups II and III after treatment compared to before treatment. Conclusion Serum and salivary NO levels can be used as a good predictor of the inflammatory condition of the periodontium in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Wadhwa
- Department of Periodontics, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | | | | | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Lee S, Park CY. Nitric oxide: an old drug but with new horizons in ophthalmology-a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:352. [PMID: 37675299 PMCID: PMC10477639 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Based on basic knowledge and prior research on nitric oxide (NO), the potential of NO for treating eye diseases is reviewed, and the possibility of NO-based eye drops in clinical practice and the future potential of NO in ophthalmology are discussed. Methods A PubMed search was performed for English-language original reports and reviews using the following key words: nitric oxide, eye, ocular, and drug. Key Content and Findings NO is synthesized in the human body by NO synthase (NOS) from L-arginine or through enzyme-dependent reduction of dietary nitrate. Three types of NOS (eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS) are abundantly expressed in the eye under normal physiologic or pathologic conditions. The biological effect of NO in the eye is dose dependent. Low intraocular NO concentrations, produced by eNOS or nNOS, have various cellular effects, including vasodilation, intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation, and neuroprotection. iNOS induced under pathologic ocular conditions produces high NO concentrations in the local environment and mediates tissue inflammation, ocular cell apoptosis, and neurodegeneration. In particular, increased iNOS has been reported in glaucoma and retinal ischemic or degenerative diseases. NO plays a vital role in ocular injury. NO can facilitate ocular surface wound healing while eradicating pathogens such as bacteria and Acanthamoeba in chemical burns or infectious keratitis. Furthermore, NO has antifibrotic activity via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway. NO causes smooth muscle relaxation, which can be used to inhibit myopia progression in children. NO can be a stem cell modulator and may help in treating ocular stem cell disorders. Conclusions Because of its diverse biologic effects, NO can be a key player in regulating ocular inflammation in various ocular diseases, aiding ocular surface wound healing, controlling IOP in glaucoma, alleviating retinal disease, and suppressing myopia progression. Although there remain limitations to the effective use of highly unstable state, gaseous NO, the role of NO in the field of ophthalmology can be greatly expanded through the development of novel NO donors and effective delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Choul Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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16
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Stuehr DJ, Biswas P, Dai Y, Ghosh A, Islam S, Jayaram DT. A natural heme deficiency exists in biology that allows nitric oxide to control heme protein functions by regulating cellular heme distribution. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300055. [PMID: 37276366 PMCID: PMC10478511 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A natural heme deficiency that exists in cells outside of the circulation broadly compromises the heme contents and functions of heme proteins in cells and tissues. Recently, we found that the signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO), can trigger or repress the deployment of intracellular heme in a concentration-dependent hormetic manner. This uncovers a new role for NO and sets the stage for it to shape numerous biological processes by controlling heme deployment and consequent heme protein functions in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Pranjal Biswas
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
| | - Sidra Islam
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195 USA
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17
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Cao X, Yao F, Zhang B, Sun X. Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart diseases: Potential therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1218803. [PMID: 37547332 PMCID: PMC10399631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1218803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate, and seriously affect people's quality of life. Mitochondria provide energy for the heart to function properly. The process of various heart diseases is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), as a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have confirmed that P. ginseng and ginsenosides can regulate and improve mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the role of mitochondria in various heart diseases and the protective effect of P. ginseng on heart diseases by regulating mitochondrial function were reviewed in this paper, aiming to gain new understanding of the mechanisms, and promote the clinical application of P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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18
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Somade OT, Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Osukoya OA. Syringic acid demonstrates an anti-inflammatory effect via modulation of the NF-κB-iNOS-COX-2 and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in methyl cellosolve-induced hepato-testicular inflammation in rats. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101484. [PMID: 37197735 PMCID: PMC10184048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Syringic acid (SACI) is an emerging nutraceutical and antioxidant used in modern Chinese medicine. It has potential neuroprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-angiogenic properties. Methyl cellosolve (MCEL) has been reported to induce tissue inflammation in the testis, kidney, liver, and lung. This study aimed to investigate the effect and probable mechanism of action of SACI on MCEL-induced hepatic and testicular inflammation in male rats. Compared to the control group, administration of MCEL to rats significantly increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB in the liver and testis. Additionally, the total mRNA expressions of JAK1 (in the liver only), STAT1, and SOCS1 were significantly increased in both the liver and testis, while testicular JAK1 total mRNA levels were significantly decreased. The expression of PIAS1 protein was significantly higher in the liver and testis. Treatments with SACI at 25 (except liver iNOS), 50, and 75 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB compared to the control group. Furthermore, the total mRNA expressions of JAK1 and SOCS1 in the liver were significantly reduced by all doses of SACI investigated, while the total mRNA levels of liver and testis STAT1 were significantly reduced by 25 and 50 mg/kg of SACI only. In the testis, the mRNA level of SOCS1 was significantly reduced by all doses of SACI compared to MCEL only. Additionally, SACI (at 75 mg/kg) significantly reduced PIAS1 protein expression in the liver, while in the testis, SACI at all investigated doses significantly reduced the expression of PIAS1. In conclusion, SACI demonstrated a hepatic and testicular anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the MCEL-induced activation of the NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T. Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji E. Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, S.E Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Basiru O. Ajiboye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, S.E Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi A. Osukoya
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
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19
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Xu C, Lin W, Chen Y, Gao B, Zhang Z, Zhu D. Heat stress enhanced perylenequinones biosynthesis of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) through nitric oxide formation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3745-3761. [PMID: 37126084 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Perylenequinones (PQs) are a class of natural polyketides used as photodynamic therapeutics. Heat stress (HS) is an important environmental factor affecting secondary metabolism of fungi. This study investigated the effects of HS treatment on PQs biosynthesis of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) and the underlying molecular mechanism. After the optimization of HS treatment conditions, the total PQs amount reached 577 ± 34.56 mg/L, which was 20.89-fold improvement over the control. Also, HS treatment stimulated the formation of intracellular nitric oxide (NO). Genome-wide analysis of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) revealed iNOSL and cNOSL encoding inducible and constitutive NOS-like proteins (iNOSL and cNOSL), respectively. Cloned iNOSL in Escherichia coli BL21 showed higher nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity than cNOSL, and the expression level of iNOSL under HS treatment was observably higher than that of cNOSL, suggesting that iNOSL is more responsible for NO production in the HS-treated strain Slf14(w) and may play an important role in regulating PQs biosynthesis. Moreover, the putative biosynthetic gene clusters for PQs and genes encoding iNOSL and nitrate reductase (NR) in the HS-treated strain Slf14(w) were obviously upregulated. PQs biosynthesis and efflux stimulated by HS treatment were significantly inhibited upon the addition of NO scavenger, NOS inhibitor, and NR inhibitor, indicating that HS-induced NO, as a signaling molecule, triggered promoted PQs biosynthesis and efflux. Our results provide an effective strategy for PQs production and contribute to the understanding of heat shock signal transduction studies of other fungi.Key points• PQs titer of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w) was significantly enhanced by HS treatment.• HS-induced NO was first reported to participate in PQs biosynthetic regulation.• Novel inducible and constitutive NOS-like proteins (iNOSL and cNOSL) were obtained and their NOS activities were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wenxi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yunni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Boliang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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20
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The exploitation of enzyme-based cancer immunotherapy. Hum Cell 2023; 36:98-120. [PMID: 36334180 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizes the immune system and its wide-ranging components to deliver anti-tumor responses. In immune escape mechanisms, tumor microenvironment-associated soluble factors and cell surface-bound molecules are mainly accountable for the dysfunctional activity of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and stromal cells. The myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), are also key tumor-promoting immune cells. These potent immunosuppressive networks avert tumor rejection at various stages, affecting immunotherapies' outcomes. Numerous clinical trials have elucidated that disruption of immunosuppression could be achieved via checkpoint inhibitors. Another approach utilizes enzymes that can restore the body's potential to counter cancer by triggering the immune system inhibited by the tumor microenvironment. These immunotherapeutic enzymes can catalyze an immunostimulatory signal and modulate the tumor microenvironment via effector molecules. Herein, we have discussed the immuno-metabolic roles of various enzymes like ATP-dephosphorylating ectoenzymes, inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, phenylamine, tryptophan, and arginine catabolizing enzymes in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of the enzymes involved in modulating the tumor microenvironment may help find new opportunities for cancer therapeutics.
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21
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Tian ZR, Huang H, Feng L, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Neuroprotective Effects of Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies to Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Brain Pathology Following Alzheimer's Disease Exacerbated by Concussive Head Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:139-192. [PMID: 37480461 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Concussive head injury (CHI) is one of the major risk factors in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in military personnel at later stages of life. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in CHI leads to extravasation of plasma amyloid beta protein (ΑβP) into the brain fluid compartments precipitating AD brain pathology. Oxidative stress in CHI or AD is likely to enhance production of nitric oxide indicating a role of its synthesizing enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in brain pathology. Thus, exploration of the novel roles of nanomedicine in AD or CHI reducing NOS upregulation for neuroprotection are emerging. Recent research shows that stem cells and neurotrophic factors play key roles in CHI-induced aggravation of AD brain pathologies. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that CHI exacerbates AD brain pathology in model experiments. Accordingly, it is quite likely that nanodelivery of NOS antibodies together with cerebrolysin and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) will induce superior neuroprotection in AD associated with CHI. In this review, co-administration of TiO2 nanowired cerebrolysin - a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments, together with MSCs and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to neuronal NOS is investigated for superior neuroprotection following exacerbation of brain pathology in AD exacerbated by CHI based on our own investigations. Our observations show that nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin, MSCs and neuronal NOS in combination induces superior neuroprotective in brain pathology in AD exacerbated by CHI, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Grabacka M, Płonka PM, Pierzchalska M. The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214156. [PMID: 36430628 PMCID: PMC9696208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., lamina propria macrophages, dendritic cells) of the mucosa. This review examines the reciprocal interaction between PPARα activation and intestinal microbiota. We refer to the published data confirming that microbiota products can influence PPARα signaling and, on the other hand, PPARα activation is able to affect microbiota profile, viability, and diversity. PPARα impact on the broad spectrum of events connected to metabolism, signaling (e.g., NO production), immunological tolerance to dietary antigens, immunity and permeability of the gut are also discussed. We believe that the phenomena described here play a prominent role in gut homeostasis. Therefore, in conclusion we propose future directions for research, including the application of synthetic activators and natural endogenous ligands of PPARα (i.e., endocannabinoids) as therapeutics for intestinal pathologies and systemic diseases assumed to be related to gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-4701
| | - Przemysław M. Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
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23
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Jia K, Wei M, He Y, Wang Y, Wei H, Tao X. Characterization of Novel Exopolysaccharides from Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 and Its Immunomodulatory Activity. Foods 2022; 11:3538. [PMID: 36360150 PMCID: PMC9655783 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from probiotic Enterococcus hirae WEHI01 was isolated and purified by anion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography, the results of which show that the EPS consists of four fractions, namely I01-1, I01-2, I01-3, and I01-4. As the main purification components, I01-2 and I01-4 were preliminarily characterized for their structure and their immunomodulatory activity was explored. The molecular weight of I01-2 was 2.28 × 104 Da, which consists mainly of galactose, and a few other sugars including glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, fucose, and rhamnose, while the I01-4 was composed of galactose only and has a molecular weight of 2.59 × 104 Da. Furthermore, the results of an evaluation of immunomodulatory activity revealed that I01-2 and I01-4 could improve the viability of macrophage cells, improve phagocytosis, boost NO generation, and encourage the release of cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results imply that I01-2 and I01-4 could improve macrophage-mediated immune responses and might be useful in the production of functional food and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Wang P, Kong FZ, Hong XH, Zhang L, Zhao WH, Yang JC, Zhang H. Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Depression-like Behaviors in Shortening-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:4302. [PMID: 36296987 PMCID: PMC9609729 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening is mainly derived from the partial hydrogenation of palm oil and widely used in fast food. Food processed with shortening contains high levels of industrial trans fatty acids. Studies have shown that there is a correlation between industrial trans fatty acids, obesity, and depression. However, the regulatory effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on depression in obese patients is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore mood changes in obese mice fed a high shortening diet, and to determine the regulatory effect of nNOS on depressive-like behaviors in obese mice. We used a high shortening diet-induced obesity mouse model to systematically assess the metabolic response, behavioral changes, prefrontal and hippocampal nNOS protein levels, and the effect of nNOS inhibitors (7-nitroindole) on depression-like behavior in obese mice. Interestingly, obese mice on a 9-week high-shortening diet developed short-term spatial working memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior, and obesity may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and mood disorders. In animals fed a high shortening diet for 12 weeks, obese mice developed depression-like behavior and had significantly elevated levels of nNOS protein expression in the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe. Administration of the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindole could improve depression-like behaviors in obese mice, further suggesting that inhibition of nNOS is helpful for depression associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Fan-Zhi Kong
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hong
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Wan-Hong Zhao
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Jin-Cui Yang
- Department of the Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou 515000, China
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Sheng S, Fu Y, Pan N, Zhang H, Xiu L, Liang Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Ma C, Du R, Wang X. Novel exopolysaccharide derived from probiotic Lactobacillus pantheris TCP102 strain with immune-enhancing and anticancer activities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1015270. [PMID: 36225355 PMCID: PMC9549278 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1015270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are gaining attention due to their functions of regulating the intestinal barrier and promoting human health. The production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) is one of the important factors for probiotics to exert beneficial properties. This study aimed to screen exopolysaccharides-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and evaluate the probiotic potential. we obtained three exopolysaccharide fractions (EPS1, EPS2, and EPS3) from Lactobacillus pantheris TCP102 and purified by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The structures of the fractions were characterized by FT-IR, UV, HPLC, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The Mw of EPS1, EPS2, and EPS3 were approximately 20.3, 23.0, and 19.3 kDa, and were mainly composed of galactose, glucose, and mannose, with approximate molar ratios of 2.86:1:1.48, 1.26:1:1, 1.58:1.80:1, respectively. Furthermore, SEM analysis demonstrated that the three polysaccharide fractions differ in microstructure and surface morphology. Additionally, preliminary results for immune-enhancing and anticancer activities reveal that these EPSs significantly induced the production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-6 in Ana-1 cells and peritoneal macrophage cells. Meanwhile, the EPSs also significantly suppressed the proliferation of HCT-116, BCG-803, and particularly A-2780 cells. The results suggest that the three novel EPSs isolated from Lactobacillus pantheris TCP102 can be regarded as potential application value in functional food and natural antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yubing Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Na Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haochi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanchen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruiping Du
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Zhang SY, Liang JJ, Liu YQ. Excessive Zinc Ion Caused PC12 Cell Death Correlating with Inhibition of NOS and Increase of RAGE in Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:755-761. [PMID: 36068383 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Zinc ion (Zn2+) is an important functional factor; however, excessive Zn2+ can be toxic. To understand the neurotoxicity of excessive Zn2+ and the underlying mechanism, PC12 cells were treated with excessive Zn2+ and Zn2+ plus N, N, N', N'-Tetrakisethylenediamine (TPEN), a zinc ion chelator agent. Trypan blue and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were used to test cell viability; the relative kits were used to detect the activity of NOS synthase and the content of the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in cells. We observed that excessive zinc caused PC12 cell damage and that TPEN partially reversed cell damage caused by excessive zinc. In addition, excessive zinc decreased total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) activity in cells, in which constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity was significantly reduced; however, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was extremely promoted. Moreover, excessive zinc upregulated the expression of RAGE, and TPEN effectively reversed the increase in RAGE induced by excessive zinc ions. Therefore, we concluded that excessive zinc caused PC12 cell damage, correlating with the inhibition of NOS and increase of RAGE induced in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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27
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L-Arginine increases AMPK phosphorylation and the oxidation of energy substrates in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and adipocytes. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1553-1568. [PMID: 35972552 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary L-arginine (Arg) supplementation reduced white fat mass in obese rats. The present study was conducted with cell models to define direct effects of Arg on energy-substrate oxidation in hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and adipocytes. BNL CL.2 mouse hepatocytes, C2C12 mouse myotubes, and 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes were treated with different extracellular concentrations of Arg (0, 15, 50, 100 and 400 µM) or 400 µM Arg + 0.5 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; an NOS inhibitor) for 48 h. Increasing Arg concentrations in culture medium dose-dependently enhanced (P < 0.05) the oxidation of glucose and oleic acid to CO2 in all three cell types, lactate release from C2C12 cells, and the incorporation of oleic acid into esterified lipids in BNL CL.2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Arg at 400 µM also stimulated (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in all three cell types and increased (P < 0.05) NO production in C2C12 and BNL CL.2 cells. The inhibition of NOS by L-NAME moderately reduced (P < 0.05) glucose and oleic acid oxidation, lactate release, and the phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in BNL CL.2 cells, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on these variables in C2C12 or 3T3-L1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that Arg increased AMPK activity and energy-substrate oxidation in BNL CL.2, C2C12, and 3T3-L1 cells through both NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms.
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Döhne N, Falck A, Janach GMS, Byvaltcev E, Strauss U. Interferon-γ augments GABA release in the developing neocortex via nitric oxide synthase/soluble guanylate cyclase and constrains network activity. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:913299. [PMID: 36035261 PMCID: PMC9401097 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.913299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine with neuromodulatory properties, has been shown to enhance inhibitory transmission. Because early inhibitory neurotransmission sculpts functional neuronal circuits, its developmental alteration may have grave consequences. Here, we investigated the acute effects of IFN-γ on γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic currents in layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex of rats at the end of the first postnatal week, a period of GABA-dependent cortical maturation. IFN-γ acutely increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous/miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (s/mIPSC), and this could not be reversed within 30 min. Neither the increase in amplitude nor frequency of IPSCs was due to upregulated interneuron excitability as revealed by current clamp recordings of layer 5 interneurons labeled with VGAT-Venus in transgenic rats. As we previously reported in more mature animals, IPSC amplitude increase upon IFN-γ activity was dependent on postsynaptic protein kinase C (PKC), indicating a similar activating mechanism. Unlike augmented IPSC amplitude, however, we did not consistently observe an increased IPSC frequency in our previous studies on more mature animals. Focusing on increased IPSC frequency, we have now identified a different activating mechanism-one that is independent of postsynaptic PKC but is dependent on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). In addition, IFN-γ shifted short-term synaptic plasticity toward facilitation as revealed by a paired-pulse paradigm. The latter change in presynaptic function was not reproduced by the application of a nitric oxide donor. Functionally, IFN-γ-mediated alterations in GABAergic transmission overall constrained early neocortical activity in a partly nitric oxide-dependent manner as revealed by microelectrode array field recordings in brain slices analyzed with a spike-sorting algorithm. In summary, with IFN-γ-induced, NO-dependent augmentation of spontaneous GABA release, we have here identified a mechanism by which inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) plausibly modulates neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Döhne
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Falck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel M. S. Janach
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Egor Byvaltcev
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ulf Strauss
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Yao X, Jin G, Liu D, Zhang X, Yang Y, chen Y, Duan Z, Bi Y, Yan F, Yang Y, Zhang H, Dong G, Li S, Cheng S, Tang H, Hong F, Si C. Inducible nitric oxide synthase regulates macrophage polarization via the MAPK signals in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e643. [PMID: 35759238 PMCID: PMC9168548 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute liver inflammatory reactions contribute to many health problems; thus, it is critical to understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of acute hepatitis. In this study, an experimental in vivo model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 (wild-type, WT) or inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient (iNOS-/- ) mice were injected with PBS or 15 mg/kg ConA via tail vein. Detection of liver injury by histological examination and apoptosis, and flow cytometry to detect the effect of immune cells on liver injury. RESULTS iNOS-/- mice had lower levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, suggesting that they were protected against ConA-induced pathological liver injury and that iNOS participated in the regulation of hepatitis. Furthermore, iNOS deficiency was found to lower CD86 expression and suppressed the messenger RNA levels of inflammatory factors in the liver. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that iNOS deficiency suppressed the sequential phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway cascade, thereby inhibiting the M1 polarization of macrophages and consequently suppressing the transcription of inflammation factors. CONCLUSION iNOS may contribute to ConA-induced inflammation by promoting the activation of proinflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
- Institute of Immune Precision Diagnosis and Therapy & Translational MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Guiyuan Jin
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
- Institute of Immune Precision Diagnosis and Therapy & Translational MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Yonghong Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Yu chen
- Fourth Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Fourth Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanzhen Bi
- Department of Infectious DiseaseQingdao Municipal HospitalQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Yanli Yang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- Fourth Liver Disease Center, Beijing YouAn HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shumin Cheng
- Department of GastroenterologyPeople's Hospital of Jia XiangJiningShandongChina
| | - Huixin Tang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Feng Hong
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
- Institute of Immune Precision Diagnosis and Therapy & Translational MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immune Precision Diagnosis and Therapy & Translational MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular MedicineJining Medical UniversityJiningShandongChina
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30
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Progressive aortic stiffness in aging C57Bl/6 mice displays altered contractile behaviour and extracellular matrix changes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:605. [PMID: 35710942 PMCID: PMC9203497 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffness is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This study presents an in-dept characterization of aortic aging in male C57Bl/6 mice (2–24 months). Cardiovascular measurements include echocardiography, blood pressure measurement, and ex vivo organ chamber experiments. In vivo and ex vivo aortic stiffness increases with age, and precede the development of cardiac hypertrophy and peripheral blood pressure alterations. Contraction-independent stiffening (due to extracellular matrix changes) is pressure-dependent. Contraction-dependent aortic stiffening develops through heightened α1-adrenergic contractility, aberrant voltage-gated calcium channel function, and altered vascular smooth muscle cell calcium handling. Endothelial dysfunction is limited to a modest decrease in sensitivity to acetylcholine-induced relaxation with age. Our findings demonstrate that progressive arterial stiffening in C57Bl/6 mice precedes associated cardiovascular disease. Aortic aging is due to changes in extracellular matrix and vascular smooth muscle cell signalling, and not to altered endothelial function. A 24-month aging study in male C57Bl/6 mice reveals that aortic aging precedes cardiovascular disease and is due to changes in the extracellular matrix and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling.
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Taurone S, Ralli M, Artico M, Madia VN, Scarpa S, Nottola SA, Maconi A, Betti M, Familiari P, Nebbioso M, Costi R, Micera A. Oxidative stress and visual system: a review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:544-553. [PMID: 35651654 PMCID: PMC9150018 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Different types of tissues respond differently to the action of oxidative stress. The visual system is very sensitive to oxidative action due to continuous exposure to light. In consideration of the growing interest of scientific studies towards various compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we performed a review of the literature focusing on the use of some antioxidant molecules for the treatment of conditions affecting the visual system. In this study, we focused on the ability of two antioxidant agents, the small molecule α-lipoic acid (ALA) and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to influence the neurodegenerative physiological processes related to aging and oxidative stress affecting the ocular segment. The literature data report that ALA and SOD can protect against neurodegenerative effects both the optic nerve and retina and, if administered together, they are able to lower the levels of oxidative stress, thus preventing neurodegeneration and reducing the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marta Betti
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Kumari R, Kumar R, Dey AK, Saha S, Maiti TK. S-Nitrosylation of OTUB1 Alters Its Stability and Ubc13 Binding. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1517-1525. [PMID: 35500217 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates protein function involving the covalent attachment of the nitric oxide (NO) moiety to sulfhydryl residues of the protein. It is an important regulator in the cell signaling process under physiological conditions. However, the release of an excess amount of NO due to dysregulated NOS machinery causes aberrant S-nitrosylation of proteins, which affects protein folding, localization, and activity. Here, we have shown that OTUB1, a deubiquitinating enzyme, undergoes S-nitrosylation under redox stress conditions in vivo and in vitro. Previously, we have shown that OTUB1 forms an amyloid-like structure that promotes phosphorylation of α-synuclein and neuronal toxicity. However, the mechanistic insight into OTUB1 aggregation remains elusive. Here, we identified that OTUB1 undergoes S-nitrosylation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells under rotenone-induced stress, as well as excitotoxic conditions, and in rotenone-treated mouse brains. The in vitro S-nitrosylation of OTUB1 followed by mass-spectrometry analysis has identified cysteine-23 and cysteine-91 as S-nitrosylation sites. S-Nitrosylated OTUB1 (SNO-OTUB1) diminished its catalytic activity, impaired its native structure, promoted amyloid-like aggregation, and compromised its binding with Ubc13. Thus, our results demonstrated that nitrosylation of OTUB1 might play a crucial role in regulating the ubiquitin signaling and Parkinson's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniki Kumari
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dey
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Sandhini Saha
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Gurgaon-Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad 121001, India
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Rivastigmine Reverses the Decrease in Synapsin and Memory Caused by Homocysteine: Is There Relation to Inflammation? Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4517-4534. [PMID: 35578101 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood, called hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a prevalent risk factor for it has been shown that Hcy induces oxidative stress and increases microglial activation and neuroinflammation, as well as causes cognitive impairment, which have been linked to the neurodegenerative process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mild hyperhomocysteinemia with or without ibuprofen and rivastigmine treatments on the behavior and neurochemical parameters in male rats. The chronic mild HHcy model was chemically induced in Wistar rats by subcutaneous administration of Hcy (4055 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 30 days. Ibuprofen (40 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (0.5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally once daily. Motor damage (open field, balance beam, rotarod, and vertical pole test), cognitive deficits (Y-maze), neurochemical parameters (oxidative status/antioxidant enzymatic defenses, presynaptic protein synapsin 1, inflammatory profile parameters, calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), iNOS gene expression), and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway were investigated. Results showed that mild HHcy caused cognitive deficits in working memory, and impaired motor coordination reduced the amount of synapsin 1 protein, altered the neuroinflammatory picture, and caused changes in the activity of catalase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. Both rivastigmine and ibuprofen treatments were able to mitigate this damage caused by mild HHcy. Together, these neurochemical changes may be associated with the mechanisms by which Hcy has been linked to a risk factor for AD. Treatments with rivastigmine and ibuprofen can effectively reduce the damage caused by increased Hcy levels.
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Akhigbe RE, Oluwole DT, Adegoke TE, Hamed MA, Anyogu DC, Ajayi AF. Suppression of glutathione system and upregulation of caspase 3-dependent apoptosis mediate rohypnol-induced gastric injury. Redox Rep 2022; 27:111-118. [PMID: 35535549 PMCID: PMC9103675 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2074128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigated the impact of rohypnol on gastric tissue integrity. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomized into control, low dose rohypnol-treated, high dose rohypnol-treated, low dose rohypnol-treated recovery and high dose rohypnol-treated recovery groups. Results: Rohypnol caused significant rise in gastric malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Also, rohypnol caused reductions in gastric reduced glutathione (GSH) (as well as GSH/GSSG), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2). Furthermore, rohypnol upregulated caspase 3 activity and induced gastric DNA damage, evident by a rise in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in gastric tissue. These alterations were coupled with reduced gastric weight and distorted gastric cytoarchitecture. Cessation of rohypnol caused a significant but not complete reversal of rohypnol-induced gastric damage. Conclusion: This study revealed that rohypnol induced gastric injury by suppressing glutathione content and COX-2 activity, and upregulating caspase 3-dependent apoptosis, which was partly reversed by rohypnol withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.,Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - D T Oluwole
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T E Adegoke
- Department of Physiology, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Arakeji, Nigeria
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.,Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - D C Anyogu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Reproductive Physiology and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Nutrient Sensing and Biofilm Modulation: The Example of L-arginine in Pseudomonas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084386. [PMID: 35457206 PMCID: PMC9028604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm represents a multicellular community embedded within an extracellular matrix attached to a surface. This lifestyle confers to bacterial cells protection against hostile environments, such as antibiotic treatment and host immune response in case of infections. The Pseudomonas genus is characterised by species producing strong biofilms difficult to be eradicated and by an extraordinary metabolic versatility which may support energy and carbon/nitrogen assimilation under multiple environmental conditions. Nutrient availability can be perceived by a Pseudomonas biofilm which, in turn, readapts its metabolism to finally tune its own formation and dispersion. A growing number of papers is now focusing on the mechanism of nutrient perception as a possible strategy to weaken the biofilm barrier by environmental cues. One of the most important nutrients is amino acid L-arginine, a crucial metabolite sustaining bacterial growth both as a carbon and a nitrogen source. Under low-oxygen conditions, L-arginine may also serve for ATP production, thus allowing bacteria to survive in anaerobic environments. L-arginine has been associated with biofilms, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. L-arginine is also a key precursor of regulatory molecules such as polyamines, whose involvement in biofilm homeostasis is reported. Given the biomedical and biotechnological relevance of biofilm control, the state of the art on the effects mediated by the L-arginine nutrient on biofilm modulation is presented, with a special focus on the Pseudomonas biofilm. Possible biotechnological and biomedical applications are also discussed.
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Locascio A, Vassalli QA, Castellano I, Palumbo A. Novel Insights on Nitric Oxide Synthase and NO Signaling in Ascidian Metamorphosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073505. [PMID: 35408864 PMCID: PMC8999111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a pivotal signaling molecule involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. We investigated NOS/NO localization patterns during the different stages of larval development in the ascidia Ciona robusta and evidenced a specific and temporally controlled pattern. NOS/NO expression starts in the most anterior sensory structures of the early larva and progressively moves towards the caudal portion as larval development and metamorphosis proceeds. We here highlight the pattern of NOS/NO expression in the central and peripheral nervous system of Ciona larvae which precisely follows the progression of neural signals of the central pattern generator necessary for the control of the movements of the larva towards the substrate. This highly dynamic localization profile perfectly matches with the central role played by NO from the first phase of settlement induction to the next control of swimming behavior, adhesion to substrate and progressive tissue resorption and reorganization of metamorphosis itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Quirino Attilio Vassalli
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.P.)
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Karer M, Rager-Resch M, Haider T, Petroczi K, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Jilma B, Boehm T. Diamine oxidase knockout mice are not hypersensitive to orally or subcutaneously administered histamine. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:497-511. [PMID: 35303133 PMCID: PMC8989821 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the contribution of endogenous diamine oxidase (DAO) in the inactivation of exogenous histamine, to find a mouse strain with increased histamine sensitivity and to test the efficacy of rhDAO in a histamine challenge model. Methods Diamine oxidase knockout (KO) mice were challenged with orally and subcutaneously administered histamine in combination with the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, with the two histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) inhibitors metoprine and tacrine, with folic acid to mimic acute kidney injury and treated with recombinant human DAO. Core body temperature was measured using a subcutaneously implanted microchip and histamine plasma levels were quantified using a homogeneous time resolved fluorescence assay. Results Core body temperature and plasma histamine levels were not significantly different between wild type (WT) and DAO KO mice after oral and subcutaneous histamine challenge with and without acute kidney injury or administration of HNMT inhibitors. Treatment with recombinant human DAO reduced the mean area under the curve (AUC) for core body temperature loss by 63% (p = 0.002) and the clinical score by 88% (p < 0.001). The AUC of the histamine concentration was reduced by 81%. Conclusions Inactivation of exogenous histamine is not driven by enzymatic degradation and kidney filtration. Treatment with recombinant human DAO strongly reduced histamine-induced core body temperature loss, histamine concentrations and prevented the development of severe clinical symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00011-022-01558-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Rager-Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Haider
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Stanisavljevic A, Schrader JM, Zhu X, Mattar JM, Hanks A, Xu F, Majchrzak M, Robinson JK, Van Nostrand WE. Impact of Non-pharmacological Chronic Hypertension on a Transgenic Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:811371. [PMID: 35368255 PMCID: PMC8964963 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.811371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a common comorbidity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) characterized by deposition of fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) in blood vessels of the brain and promotes neuroinflammation and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Hypertension, a prominent non-amyloidal CSVD, has been found to increase risk of dementia, but clinical data regarding its effects in CAA patients is controversial. To understand the effects of hypertension on CAA, we bred rTg-DI transgenic rats, a model of CAA, with spontaneously hypertensive, stroke prone (SHR-SP) rats producing bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP and non-transgenic SHR-SP littermates. At 7 months (M) of age, cohorts of both rTg-DI/SHR-SP and SHR-SP littermates exhibit elevated systolic blood pressures. However, transgene human amyloid β-protein (Aβ) precursor and Aβ peptide levels, as well as behavioral testing showed no changes between bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP and rTg-DI rats. Subsequent cohorts of rats were aged further to 10 M where bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP and SHR-SP littermates exhibit elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Vascular amyloid load in hippocampus and thalamus was significantly decreased, whereas pial surface vessel amyloid increased, in bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats compared to rTg-DI rats suggesting a redistribution of vascular amyloid in bigenic animals. There was activation of both astrocytes and microglia in rTg-DI rats and bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats not observed in SHR-SP rats indicating that glial activation was likely in response to the presence of vascular amyloid. Thalamic microbleeds were present in both rTg-DI rats and bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats. Although the number of thalamic small vessel occlusions were not different between rTg-DI and bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats, a significant difference in occlusion size and distribution in the thalamus was found. Proteomic analysis of cortical tissue indicated that bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats largely adopt features of the rTg-DI rats with enhancement of certain changes. Our findings indicate that at 10 M of age non-pharmacological hypertension in rTg-DI rats causes a redistribution of vascular amyloid and significantly alters the size and distribution of thalamic occluded vessels. In addition, our findings indicate that bigenic rTg-DI/SHR-SP rats provide a non-pharmacological model to further study hypertension and CAA as co-morbidities for CSVD and VCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Joseph M. Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Mattar
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Ashley Hanks
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Mark Majchrzak
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - John K. Robinson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - William E. Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: William E. Van Nostrand,
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Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Homeostasis: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063025. [PMID: 35328444 PMCID: PMC8954803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of oxidative metabolism in eukaryotes where the metabolites of sugars, fats, and amino acids are oxidized to harvest energy. Notably, mitochondria store Ca2+ and work in synergy with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and extracellular matrix to control the dynamic balance of Ca2+ concentration in cells. Mitochondria are the vital organelles in heart tissue. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis is particularly important for maintaining the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the heart. Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac energy metabolism, mechanisms of death, oxygen free radical production, and autophagy. The imbalance of mitochondrial Ca2+ balance is closely associated with cardiac remodeling. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (mtCU) protein complex is responsible for the uptake and release of mitochondrial Ca2+ and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria and consequently, in cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling and the regulatory effects of the mitochondrial calcium regulatory complex on cardiac energy metabolism, cell death, and autophagy, and also provides the theoretical basis for mitochondrial Ca2+ as a novel target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Promising Strategies in Plant-Derived Treatments of Psoriasis-Update of In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Trials Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030591. [PMID: 35163855 PMCID: PMC8839811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting 125 million people worldwide. It is associated with several important conditions, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiometabolic syndrome, and depression, leading to a significant reduction in patients’ quality of life. Current treatments only reduce symptoms, not cure. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of the disease, the role of oxidative stress in this autoimmune disease, as well as potential therapeutic options with substances of natural origin. The main aim of the study is intended to offer a review of the literature to present plants and phytochemicals that can represent potential remedies in the fight against psoriasis. We identified many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials studies that evaluated the relationship between chosen natural substances and immune system response in the course of psoriasis. We sought to find articles about the efficacy of potential natural-derived drugs in controlling symptoms and their ability to maintain long-term disease inactivity without side effects, and the result of our work is a review, which highlights the effectiveness of plant-derived drugs in controlling the inflammatory burden on psoriatic patients by decreasing the oxidative stress conditions.
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Khadrawy YA, Khoder NM, Sawie HG, Sharada HM, Hosny EN, Abdulla MS. The Neuroprotective Effect of α-Lipoic Acid and/or Metformin against the Behavioral and Neurochemical Changes Induced by Hypothyroidism in Rat. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:1129-1142. [PMID: 35354137 DOI: 10.1159/000524367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the neuroprotective effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) and/or metformin (MET) on the behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by hypothyroidism. METHODS Rats were divided into control, rat model of hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil, and rat model of hypothyroidism treated with ALA, MET, or their combination. RESULTS Behaviorally, hypothyroid rats revealed impaired memory and reduced motor activity as indicated from the novel object recognition test and open-field test, respectively. Hypothyroidism induced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in the cortex and hippocampus. These were associated with a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Hypothyroidism decreased significantly the levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) and reduced the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and Na+, K+-ATPase in the cortex and hippocampus. Treatment of hypothyroid rats with ALA and/or MET showed an improvement in memory function and motor activity. Moreover, ALA and/or MET prevented the increase in MDA and TNF-α, and the decline in GSH, NO, BDNF, 5-HT, NE, and DA. It also restored AchE and Na+, K+-ATPase activities in the studied brain regions. CONCLUSION ALA and/or MET has a potential neuroprotective effect against the adverse behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by hypothyroidism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha M Khoder
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hayat M Sharada
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohga S Abdulla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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Kelly NJ, Chan SY. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Emerging Principles of Precision Medicine across Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:378. [PMID: 36875282 PMCID: PMC9980296 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2311378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an enigmatic and deadly vascular disease with no known cure. Recent years have seen rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of PAH, with an expanding knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and systems-level drivers of disease that are being translated into novel therapeutic modalities. Simultaneous advances in clinical technology have led to a growing list of tools with potential application to diagnosis and phenotyping. Guided by fundamental biology, these developments hold the potential to usher in a new era of personalized medicine in PAH with broad implications for patient management and great promise for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Kelly
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute; Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine and Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute; Division of Cardiology; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Huang Y, Suguro R, Hu W, Zheng J, Liu Y, Guan M, Zhou N, Zhang X. Nitric oxide and thyroid carcinoma: A review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1050656. [PMID: 36699047 PMCID: PMC9870175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer in the world, and its incidence has been steadily increasing in recent years. Despite its relatively good prognosis, therapies have not improved greatly in recent years. Therefore, exploring new therapies for thyroid carcinoma represents an unmet need. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-term endogenous signaling molecule that plays a vital role in various physiological and pathological processes and is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Many studies have been conducted over the past decades to explain its correlation to cancer. NO exerts a wide range of effects on cancer, involving angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, and metastasis. It also serves a dual function by promoting and halting tumor development simultaneously. The relationship between NO and thyroid carcinoma has been intensively studied and discussed. This paper reviews the role and molecular mechanism of NO in thyroid carcinoma and discusses potentials of prevention and treatment of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Rinkiko Suguro
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Na Zhou, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Na Zhou, ; Xin Zhang,
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Maslov LN, Popov SV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Naryzhnaya NV, Voronkov NS, Ryabov VV, Boshchenko AA, Khaliulin I, Prasad NR, Fu F, Pei JM, Logvinov SV, Oeltgen PR. Reperfusion Cardiac Injury: Receptors and the Signaling Mechanisms. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:63-79. [PMID: 35422224 PMCID: PMC9896422 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220413121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been documented that Ca2+ overload and increased production of reactive oxygen species play a significant role in reperfusion injury (RI) of cardiomyocytes. Ischemia/reperfusion induces cell death as a result of necrosis, necroptosis, apoptosis, and possibly autophagy, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. It has also been demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in RI of the heart. An increase in adrenergic system activity during the restoration of coronary perfusion negatively affected cardiac resistance to RI. Toll-like receptors are involved in RI of the heart. Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 aggravated ischemic/reperfusion injury of the heart. Activation of neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ T-cells and platelets contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our review outlines the role of these factors in reperfusion cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid N. Maslov
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Kyevskskaya 111A, 634012 Tomsk, Russia; Tel. +7 3822 262174; E-mail:
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Ben-Zaken S, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Kaufman L, Meckel Y. Genetic characteristics of competitive swimmers: a review. Biol Sport 2022; 39:157-170. [PMID: 35173374 PMCID: PMC8805353 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful swimming performance is a multi-factorial accomplishment, resulting from a complex interaction of physical, biomechanical, physiological and psychological factors, all of which are strongly affected by the special medium of water as well as by genetic factors. The nature of competitive swimming is unique, as most of the competitive events last less than four minutes. Yet training regimens have an endurance nature (many hours and many kilometres of swimming every day), which makes it impossible to classify swimming by definitions of aerobic-type or anaerobic-type events, as in track and field sports. Therefore, genetic variants associated with swimming performance are not necessarily related to metabolic pathways, but rather to blood lactate transport (MCT1), muscle functioning (IGF1 axis), muscle damage (IL6) and others. The current paper reviews the main findings on the leading 12 genetic polymorphisms (located in the ACE, ACTN3, AMPD1, BDKRB2, IGF1, IL6, MCT1, MSTN, NOS3, PPARA, PPARGC1A, and VEGFR2 genes) related to swimming performance, while taking into consideration the unique environment of this sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Ben-Zaken
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, The Academic College at the Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sports Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sports Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Leonid Kaufman
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, The Academic College at the Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Yoav Meckel
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, The Academic College at the Wingate, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
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Nowaczyk PM, Bajerska J, Lasik-Kurdyś M, Radziejewska-Kubzdela E, Szwengiel A, Woźniewicz M. The effect of cranberry juice and a cranberry functional beverage on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:660. [PMID: 34930215 PMCID: PMC8686276 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral microbiota is a significant risk indicator for oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Much attention is presently paid to the development of functional foods (e.g. beverages containing cranberry constituents, or foods containing probiotics) that may serve as adjuncts for oral disease treatments (e.g. periodontitis and caries). Cranberry fruit, due to its unique chemical composition and antimicrobial potential, is a possible ingredient of such foods. The study aimed to investigate the effects of cranberry juice (CJ) and a cranberry functional beverage (mixture of 80% v/v apple juice, 20% v/v cranberry juice, and 0.25 g/100 mL ground cinnamon; CFB) on the growth and metabolic activity of selected oral bacteria. METHODS Serial dilution pour plate method (SDPP) was used to examine the effect of CJ and CFB on the growth of Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei. 48-h electrical impedance measurements (EIM) during the cultivation of A. naeslundii were applied to evaluate the utility of the method as a rapid alternative for the assessment of the antimicrobial potential of cranberry beverages. RESULTS The tested bacteria differed in their susceptibility to the antimicrobial action of CJ and CFB, with L. paracasei subsp. paracasei being least vulnerable to CFB (according to SDPP). Although CJ at a concentration of 0.5 mL/mL, showed a bactericidal effect on the growth of S. mutans, A. naeslundii was more sensitive to CJ (SDPP). Its inhibitory effect on A. naeslundii was seen even at concentrations as small as 0.03125-0.125 mL/mL (SDPP and EIM). On the other hand, S. mutans seemed to be more vulnerable to CFB than A. naeslundii (SDPP). CONCLUSIONS CFB may be considered an adjunct in the treatment of oral diseases due to its action against selected oral pathogens, and not against the presumably beneficial L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Bioelectrical impedance measurements appear to be a quick alternative to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of fruit beverages, but their utility should be confirmed with tests on other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Nowaczyk
- Department of Sports Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajerska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lasik-Kurdyś
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland.
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Melis MR, Argiolas A. Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: A Review of the Role of Nitric Oxide in the Central Nervous System. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121866. [PMID: 34944510 PMCID: PMC8699072 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), the neuromodulator/neurotransmitter formed from l-arginine by neuronal, endothelial and inducible NO synthases, is involved in numerous functions across the body, from the control of arterial blood pressure to penile erection, and at central level from energy homeostasis regulation to memory, learning and sexual behavior. The aim of this work is to review earlier studies showing that NO plays a role in erectile function and sexual behavior in the hypothalamus and its paraventricular nucleus and the medial preoptic area, and integrate these findings with those of recent studies on this matter. This revisitation shows that NO influences erectile function and sexual behavior in males and females by acting not only in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area but also in extrahypothalamic brain areas, often with different mechanisms. Most importantly, since these areas are strictly interconnected with the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area, send to and receive neural projections from the spinal cord, in which sexual communication between brain and genital apparatus takes place, this review reveals that central NO participates in concert with neurotransmitters/neuropeptides to a neural circuit controlling both the consummatory (penile erection, copulation, lordosis) and appetitive components (sexual motivation, arousal, reward) of sexual behavior.
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Research Progress on the Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Development of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3883204. [PMID: 34869762 PMCID: PMC8642009 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3883204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), as one of the common postoperative complications, mainly occurs after surgery and anesthesia, especially in the elderly. It refers to cognitive function changes such as decreased learning and memory ability and inability to concentrate. In severe cases, there could be personality changes and a decline in social behavior. At present, a great deal of research had been carried out on POCD, but its specific mechanism remains unclear. The release of peripheral inflammation-related factors, the degradation and destruction of the blood-brain barrier, the occurrence of central inflammation, and the neuronal apoptosis and synaptic loss could be promoted by neuroinflammation indicating that inflammatory mechanisms may play key roles in the occurrence of POCD.
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Aniogo EC, George BP, Abrahamse H. Molecular Effectors of Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413182. [PMID: 34947979 PMCID: PMC8704319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently enjoying considerable attention as the subject of experimental research to treat resistant cancers. The preferential accumulation of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) in different cellular organelles that causes oxidative damage by combining light and molecular oxygen leads to selective cell killing. However, one major setback, common among other treatment approaches, is tumor relapse and the development of resistance causing treatment failure. PDT-mediated resistance could result from increased drug efflux and decreased localization of PS, reduced light exposure, increased DNA damage repair, and altered expression of survival genes. This review highlights the essential insights of PDT reports in which PDT resistance was observed and which identified some of the molecular effectors that facilitate the development of PDT resistance. We also discuss different perceptions of PDT and how its current limitations can be overturned to design improved cancer resistant treatments.
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50
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Wang ZJ, Yu SM, Gao JM, Zhang P, Hide G, Yamamoto M, Lai DH, Lun ZR. High resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout rats. iScience 2021; 24:103280. [PMID: 34765911 PMCID: PMC8571494 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important immune molecule that acts against extracellular and intracellular pathogens in most hosts. However, after the knockout of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS−/−) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, these iNOS−/− rats were found to be completely resistant to Toxoplasma gondii infection. Once the iNOS−/− rat peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were infected with T. gondii, they produced high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by GRA43 secreted by T. gondii, which damaged the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and PM mitochondrial membranes within a few hours post-infection. Further evidence indicated that the high levels of ROS caused mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 depletion and induced PM pyroptosis and cell death. This discovery of complete resistance to T. gondii infection, in the iNOS−/−-SD rat, demonstrates a strong link between NO and ROS in immunity to T. gondii infection and showcases a potentially novel and effective backup innate immunity system. iNOS−/−-SD rats show strong resistance to Toxoplasma gondii infection iNOS−/−-SD rat PMs resist T. gondii infection through ROS upregulation The T. gondii infection results in PM pyroptosis in iNOS−/−-SD rats GRAs play a key role in the activation of resistance in iNOS−/−-SD rat PMs
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Meng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Mei Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People's Republic of China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - De-Hua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, The People's Republic of China.,Department of Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, The People's Republic of China.,Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
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