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Polleys CM, Singh P, Thieu HT, Genega EM, Jahanseir N, Zuckerman AL, Díaz FR, Patra A, Beheshti A, Georgakoudi I. Rapid, high-resolution, non-destructive assessments of metabolic and morphological homogeneity uniquely identify high-grade cervical precancerous lesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593564. [PMID: 38798665 PMCID: PMC11118292 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Two-photon microscopy (2PM) is an emerging clinical imaging modality with the potential to non-invasively assess tissue metabolism and morphology in high-resolution. This study aimed to assess the translational potential of 2PM for improved detection of high-grade cervical precancerous lesions. Experimental Design 2P images attributed to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and oxidized flavoproteins (FP) were acquired from the full epithelial thickness of freshly excised human cervical tissue biopsies (N = 62). Fifteen biopsies harbored high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), 14 biopsies harbored low-grade SILs (LSILs), and 33 biopsies were benign. Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) leveraged morphological and metabolic functional metrics extracted from these images to predict the presence of HSILs. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using datasets available on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to validate the presence of metabolic reprogramming in HSILs. Results Integrating metabolic and morphological 2P-derived metrics from finely sampled, full-thickness epithelia achieved a high 90.8 ± 6.1% sensitivity and 72.3 ± 11.3% specificity of HSIL detection. Notably, sensitivity (91.4 ± 12.0%) and specificity (77.5 ± 12.6%) were maintained when utilizing metrics from only two images at 12- and 72-μm from the tissue surface. Upregulation of glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation in HSIL tissues validated the metabolic reprogramming captured by 2P biomarkers. Conclusion Label-free 2P images from as few as two epithelial depths enable rapid and robust HSIL detection through the quantitative characterization of metabolic and morphological reprogramming, underscoring the potential of this tool for clinical evaluation of cervical precancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramesh Singh
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Hong-Thao Thieu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Genega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Narges Jahanseir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrea L. Zuckerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Francisca Rius Díaz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 32 Louis Pasteur Boulevard, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Abani Patra
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98104 USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Hao S, Meng Q, Sun H, Yang X, Liu B, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Xu Z, Wang Y. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 promotes cervical cancer proliferation by upregulating transketolase enzymatic activity through the activation of protein kinase B. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:339-355. [PMID: 37988232 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Over 99% of precancerous cervical lesions are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with HPV types 16 and 18 (especially type 16) found in over 70% of cervical cancer cases globally. E6, a critical HPV gene, triggers malignant proliferation by degrading p53; however, this mechanism alone cannot fully explain the oncogenic effects of HPV16 E6. Therefore, we aimed to investigate new targets of HPV oncogenic mechanisms. Our results revealed significant changes in nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolites in HPV16-positive cells. However, the role of nonoxidative PPP in HPV-associated cell transformation and tumor development remained unexplored. In this study, we investigated the impact and mechanisms of HPV16 E6 on cervical cancer proliferation using the HPV-negative cervical cancer cell line (C33A). HPV16 E6 was found to promote cervical cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, activating the nonoxidative PPP. Transketolase (TKT), a key enzyme in the nonoxidative PPP, is highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and associated with poor prognosis. HPV16 E6 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation by upregulating TKT activity through the activation of AKT. In addition, oxythiamine (OT), a TKT inhibitor, hindered tumor growth, with enhanced effects when combined with cisplatin (DDP). In conclusion, HPV16 E6 promotes cervical cancer proliferation by upregulating TKT activity through the activation of AKT. OT demonstrates the potential to inhibit HPV16-positive cervical cancer growth, and when combined with DDP, could further enhance the tumor-suppressive effect of DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qingfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangzhe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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3
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Bappy SS, Haque Asim MM, Ahasan MM, Ahsan A, Sultana S, Khanam R, Shibly AZ, Kabir Y. Virus-induced host cell metabolic alteration. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2505. [PMID: 38282396 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Viruses change the host cell metabolism to produce infectious particles and create optimal conditions for replication and reproduction. Numerous host cell pathways have been modified to ensure available biomolecules and sufficient energy. Metabolomics studies conducted over the past decade have revealed that eukaryotic viruses alter the metabolism of their host cells on a large scale. Modifying pathways like glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and glutaminolysis could provide potential energy for virus multiplication. Thus, almost every virus has a unique metabolic signature and a different relationship between the viral life cycle and the individual metabolic processes. There are enormous research in virus induced metabolic reprogramming of host cells that is being conducted through numerous approaches using different vaccine candidates and antiviral drug substances. This review provides an overview of viral interference to different metabolic pathways and improved monitoring in this area will open up new ways for more effective antiviral therapies and combating virus induced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Asif Ahsan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Sorna Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Roksana Khanam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Zaffar Shibly
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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4
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Wang Q, Liu J, Chen Z, Zheng J, Wang Y, Dong J. Targeting metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma to overcome therapeutic resistance: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116021. [PMID: 38128187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a heavy burden on human health with high morbidity and mortality rates. Systematic therapy is crucial for advanced and mid-term HCC, but faces a significant challenge from therapeutic resistance, weakening drug effectiveness. Metabolic reprogramming has gained attention as a key contributor to therapeutic resistance. Cells change their metabolism to meet energy demands, adapt to growth needs, or resist environmental pressures. Understanding key enzyme expression patterns and metabolic pathway interactions is vital to comprehend HCC occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. Exploring metabolic enzyme reprogramming and pathways is essential to identify breakthrough points for HCC treatment. Targeting metabolic enzymes with inhibitors is key to addressing these points. Inhibitors, combined with systemic therapeutic drugs, can alleviate resistance, prolong overall survival for advanced HCC, and offer mid-term HCC patients a chance for radical resection. Advances in metabolic research methods, from genomics to metabolomics and cells to organoids, help build the HCC metabolic reprogramming network. Recent progress in biomaterials and nanotechnology impacts drug targeting and effectiveness, providing new solutions for systemic therapeutic drug resistance. This review focuses on metabolic enzyme changes, pathway interactions, enzyme inhibitors, research methods, and drug delivery targeting metabolic reprogramming, offering valuable references for metabolic approaches to HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ziye Chen
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Qin C, Xie T, Yeh WW, Savas AC, Feng P. Metabolic Enzymes in Viral Infection and Host Innate Immunity. Viruses 2023; 16:35. [PMID: 38257735 PMCID: PMC10820379 DOI: 10.3390/v16010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes are central players for cell metabolism and cell proliferation. These enzymes perform distinct functions in various cellular processes, such as cell metabolism and immune defense. Because viral infections inevitably trigger host immune activation, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to blunt or exploit the host immune response to enable viral replication. Meanwhile, viruses hijack key cellular metabolic enzymes to reprogram metabolism, which generates the necessary biomolecules for viral replication. An emerging theme arising from the metabolic studies of viral infection is that metabolic enzymes are key players of immune response and, conversely, immune components regulate cellular metabolism, revealing unexpected communication between these two fundamental processes that are otherwise disjointed. This review aims to summarize our present comprehension of the involvement of metabolic enzymes in viral infections and host immunity and to provide insights for potential antiviral therapy targeting metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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6
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Caligiuri I, Vincenzo C, Asano T, Kumar V, Rizzolio F. The metabolic crosstalk between PIN1 and the tumour microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:143-157. [PMID: 36871635 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) is a member of a family of peptidyl-prolyl isomerases that specifically recognizes and binds phosphoproteins, catalyzing the rapid cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline motifs, which leads to changes in the structures and activities of the targeted proteins. Through this complex mechanism, PIN1 regulates many hallmarks of cancer including cell autonomous metabolism and the crosstalk with the cellular microenvironment. Many studies showed that PIN1 is largely overexpressed in cancer turning on a set of oncogenes and abrogating the function of tumor suppressor genes. Among these targets, recent evidence demonstrated that PIN1 is involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and accordingly, in the Warburg effect, a characteristic of tumor cells. As an orchestra master, PIN1 finely tunes the signaling pathways allowing cancer cells to adapt and take advantage from a poorly organized tumor microenvironment. In this review, we highlight the trilogy among PIN1, the tumor microenvironment and the metabolic program rewiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Canzonieri Vincenzo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tomochiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30123 Venezia, Italy.
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7
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HPV16 E6 and E7 Oncoproteins Stimulate the Glutamine Pathway Maintaining Cell Proliferation in a SNAT1-Dependent Fashion. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020324. [PMID: 36851539 PMCID: PMC9964736 DOI: 10.3390/v15020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection is the main risk factor for cervical cancer establishment, where the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 promote a cancerous phenotype. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer involves alterations in glutamine metabolism, also named glutaminolysis, to provide energy for supporting cancer processes including migration, proliferation, and production of reactive oxygen species, among others. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins on the regulation of glutaminolysis and its contribution to cell proliferation. We found that the E6 and E7 oncoproteins exacerbate cell proliferation in a glutamine-dependent manner. Both oncoproteins increased the levels of transporter SNAT1, as well as GLS2 and GS enzymes; E6 also increased LAT1 transporter protein levels, while E7 increased ASCT2 and xCT. Some of these alterations are also regulated at a transcriptional level. Consistently, the amount of SNAT1 protein decreased in Ca Ski cells when E6 and E7 expression was knocked down. In addition, we demonstrated that cell proliferation was partially dependent on SNAT1 in the presence of glutamine. Interestingly, SNAT1 expression was higher in cervical cancer compared with normal cervical cells. The high expression of SNAT1 was associated with poor overall survival of cervical cancer patients. Our results indicate that HPV oncoproteins exacerbate glutaminolysis supporting the malignant phenotype.
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8
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An Update on the Metabolic Landscape of Oncogenic Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235742. [PMID: 36497226 PMCID: PMC9738352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses play an important role in cancer development as about 12% of cancer types are linked to viral infections. Viruses that induce cellular transformation are known as oncoviruses. Although the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis differ between viruses, all oncogenic viruses share the ability to establish persistent chronic infections with no obvious symptoms for years. During these prolonged infections, oncogenic viruses manipulate cell signaling pathways that control cell cycle progression, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Importantly, it seems that most oncoviruses depend on these changes for their persistence and amplification. Metabolic changes induced by oncoviruses share many common features with cancer metabolism. Indeed, viruses, like proliferating cancer cells, require increased biosynthetic precursors for virion production, need to balance cellular redox homeostasis, and need to ensure host cell survival in a given tissue microenvironment. Thus, like for cancer cells, viral replication and persistence of infected cells frequently depend on metabolic changes. Here, we draw parallels between metabolic changes observed in cancers or induced by oncoviruses, with a focus on pathways involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and amino acids. We describe whether and how oncoviruses depend on metabolic changes, with the perspective of targeting them for antiviral and onco-therapeutic approaches in the context of viral infections.
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9
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Xia J, Xin W, Wang F, Xie W, Liu Y, Xu J. Cloning and Characterization of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase from Euphausia superba. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810478. [PMID: 36142390 PMCID: PMC9499490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) is a highly conserved enzyme that is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In this study, we cloned the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase gene from Euphausia superba (EsFBA). The full-length cDNA sequence of EsFBA is 1098 bp long and encodes a 365-amino-acid protein. The fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). A highly purified protein was obtained using HisTrap HP affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. The predicted three-dimensional structure of EsFBA showed a 65.66% homology with human aldolase, whereas it had the highest homology (84.38%) with the FBA of Penaeus vannamei. Recombinant EsFBA had the highest activity at 45 °C and pH 7.0 in phosphate buffer. By examining the activity of metal ions and EDTA, we found that the effect of metal ions and EDTA on EsFBA's enzyme activity was not significant, while the presence of borohydride severely reduced the enzymatic activity; thus, EsFBA was confirmed to be a class I aldolase. Furthermore, targeted mutations at positions 34, 147, 188, and 230 confirmed that they are key amino acid residues for EsFBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Xia
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanmeng Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysts and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wancui Xie
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysts and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab for Marine Drugs and Byproducts of Pilot National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.X.)
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10
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Prakasam G, Iqbal MA, Srivastava A, Bamezai RNK, Singh RK. HPV18 oncoproteins driven expression of PKM2 reprograms HeLa cell metabolism to maintain aerobic glycolysis and viability. Virusdisease 2022; 33:223-235. [PMID: 36277414 PMCID: PMC9481809 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cellular immortalization and malignant transformation has illustrated an indispensable role of viral E6/E7-oncoproteins. However, the impact of viral-oncoproteins on the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells remains ambiguous. We showed silencing of HPV18-encoded E6/E7-oncoprotein significantly reduced glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP level and viability. Silencing of HPV18-encoded E6/E7 in HeLa cells significantly down-regulated expression and activity of HK1, HK2, LDHA, and LDHB. Interestingly, there was an increased pyruvate kinase activity due to switch in expression from PKM2 isoform to PKM1. The switch in favor of alternatively spliced isoform PKM1, was regulated by viral-E6/E7-oncoprotein by inhibiting the c-Myc/hnRNP-axis. Further, the near absence of the PKM1 protein despite an adequate amount of PKM1 mRNA in HeLa cells was due to its proteasomal degradation. Our results suggests HPV18-encoded E6/E7 driven preferential expression of PKM2 is essential to support aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-022-00776-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Prakasam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Anusha Srivastava
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Rameshwar N. K. Bamezai
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- Delhi School of Public Health, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Singh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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11
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Liu C, Liu C, Fu R. Research progress on the role of PKM2 in the immune response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936967. [PMID: 35967360 PMCID: PMC9365960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate, and is responsible for the production of ATP during glycolysis. As another important isozyme of PK, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) exists in cells with high levels of nucleic acid synthesis, such as normal proliferating cells (e.g., lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells), embryonic cells, adult stem cells, and tumor cells. With further research, PKM2, as an important regulator of cellular pathophysiological activity, has attracted increasing attention in the process of autoimmune response and inflammatory. In this re]view, we examine the contribution of PKM2 to the human immune response. Further studies on the immune mechanisms of PKM2 are expected to provide more new ideas and drug targets for immunotherapy of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, guiding drug development and disease treatment.
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12
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Läsche M, Gallwas J, Gründker C. Like Brothers in Arms: How Hormonal Stimuli and Changes in the Metabolism Signaling Cooperate, Leading HPV Infection to Drive the Onset of Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095050. [PMID: 35563441 PMCID: PMC9103757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all precautionary actions and the possibility of using vaccinations to counteract infections caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), HPV-related cancers still account for approximately 5% of all carcinomas. Worldwide, many women are still excluded from adequate health care due to their social position and origin. Therefore, immense efforts in research and therapy are still required to counteract the challenges that this disease entails. The special thing about an HPV infection is that it is not only able to trick the immune system in a sophisticated way, but also, through genetic integration into the host genome, to use all the resources available to the host cells to complete the replication cycle of the virus without activating the alarm mechanisms of immune recognition and elimination. The mechanisms utilized by the virus are the metabolic, immune, and hormonal signaling pathways that it manipulates. Since the virus is dependent on replication enzymes of the host cells, it also intervenes in the cell cycle of the differentiating keratinocytes and shifts their terminal differentiation to the uppermost layers of the squamocolumnar transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix. The individual signaling pathways are closely related and equally important not only for the successful replication of the virus but also for the onset of cervical cancer. We will therefore analyze the effects of HPV infection on metabolic signaling, as well as changes in hormonal and immune signaling in the tumor and its microenvironment to understand how each level of signaling interacts to promote tumorigenesis of cervical cancer.
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Ohba S, Tang Y, Johannessen TCA, Mukherjee J. PKM2 Interacts With the Cdk1-CyclinB Complex to Facilitate Cell Cycle Progression in Gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:844861. [PMID: 35392228 PMCID: PMC8981990 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.844861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PKM2 is a phosphotyrosine-binding glycolytic enzyme upregulated in many cancers, including glioma, and contributes to tumor growth by regulating cell cycle progression. We noted, however, that in multiple glioma cell lines, PKM2 knock-down resulted in an accumulation of cells in G2-M phase. Moreover, PKM2 knock-down decreased Cdk1 activity while introducing a constitutively active Cdk1 reversed the effects of PKM2 knock-down on cell cycle progression. The means by which PKM2 increases Cdk1 activity have not been described. Transient interaction of T14/Y15-phosphorylated Cdk1 with cyclin B allows Cdk7-mediated pT161 Cdk1 phosphorylation followed by cdc25C-mediated removal of pT14/Y15 and activation of Cdk1 in cycling cells. In the present course of investigation, PKM2 modulation did not influence Cdk7 activity, but phosphotyrosine binding forms of PKM2 co-immunoprecipitated with pY15-containing Cdk1-cyclinB and enhanced formation of active pT161 Cdk1-cyclin B complexes. Moreover, exogenous expression of phosphotyrosine binding forms of PKM2 reversed the effects of PKM2 knock-down on G2-M arrest. We here show that PKM2 binds and stabilize otherwise transient pY15-containing Cdk1-cyclinB complexes that in turn facilitate Cdk1-cyclin B activation and entry of cells into mitosis. These results, therefore, establish metabolic enzyme PKM2 as a direct interactor and activator of Cdk1-cyclin B complex and thereby directly controls mitotic progression and the growth of brain tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ohba
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yongjian Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tor-Christian Aase Johannessen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Centre, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joydeep Mukherjee,
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14
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Herkenhoff ME, Bovolenta LA, Broedel O, Dos Santos LD, de Oliveira AC, Chuffa LGA, Ribeiro ADO, Lupi LA, Dias MAD, Hilsdorf AWS, Frohme M, Pinhal D. Variant expression signatures of microRNAs and protein related to growth in a crossbreed between two strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Genomics 2021; 113:4303-4312. [PMID: 34774982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a species of worldwide importance for aquaculture. A crossbred lineage was developed through introgressive backcross breeding techniques and combines the high growth performance of the Chitralada (CHIT) lwith attractive reddish color of the Red Stirling (REDS) strains. Since the crossbreed has an unknown genetically improved background, the objective of this work was to characterize expression signatures that portray the advantageous phenotype of the crossbreeds. We characterized the microRNA transcriptome by high throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and the proteome through mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and applied bioinformatics for the comparative analysis of such molecular data on the three strains. Crossbreed expressed a distinct set of miRNAs and proteins compared to the parents. They comprised several microRNAs regulate traits of economic interest. Proteomic profiles revealed differences between parental and crossbreed in expression of proteins associated with glycolisis. Distinctive miRNA and protein signatures contribute to the phenotype of crossbreed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz A Bovolenta
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Oliver Broedel
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany.
| | - Lucilene D Dos Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur C de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz G A Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de O Ribeiro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Lupi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marco A D Dias
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre W S Hilsdorf
- Unit of Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany.
| | - Danillo Pinhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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15
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The impact of HPV infection on human glycogen and lipid metabolism - a review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188646. [PMID: 34763025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reinterpretation of the Wartburg effect leads to understanding aerobic glycolysis as a process that provides considerable amount of molecular precursors for the production of lipids, nucleotides and amino acids that are necessary for continuous growth and rapid proliferation characteristic for cancer cells. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a number one cause of cervical carcinoma with 99% of the cervical cancer patients being HPV positive. This tight link between HPV and cancer raises the question if and how HPV impact cells to reprogram their metabolism? Focusing on early phase proteins E1, E2, E5, E6 and E7 we demonstrate that HPV activates plethora of metabolic pathways and directly influences enzymes of the glycolysis pathway to promote the Warburg effect by increasing glucose uptake, activating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the level of lactate dehydrogenase A synthesis and inhibiting β-oxidation. Our considerations lead to conclusion that HPV is substantially involved in metabolic cell reprogramming toward neoplastic phenotype and its metabolic activity is the fundamental reason of its oncogenicity.
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16
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Marongiu L, Allgayer H. Viruses in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1423-1450. [PMID: 34514694 PMCID: PMC8978519 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microorganisms might represent at least highly interesting cofactors in colorectal cancer (CRC) oncogenesis and progression. Still, associated mechanisms, specifically in colonocytes and their microenvironmental interactions, are still poorly understood. Although, currently, at least seven viruses are being recognized as human carcinogens, only three of these – Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and John Cunningham virus (JCV) – have been described, with varying levels of evidence, in CRC. In addition, cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with CRC in some publications, albeit not being a fully acknowledged oncovirus. Moreover, recent microbiome studies set increasing grounds for new hypotheses on bacteriophages as interesting additional modulators in CRC carcinogenesis and progression. The present Review summarizes how particular groups of viruses, including bacteriophages, affect cells and the cellular and microbial microenvironment, thereby putatively contributing to foster CRC. This could be achieved, for example, by promoting several processes – such as DNA damage, chromosomal instability, or molecular aspects of cell proliferation, CRC progression and metastasis – not necessarily by direct infection of epithelial cells only, but also by interaction with the microenvironment of infected cells. In this context, there are striking common features of EBV, CMV, HPV and JCV that are able to promote oncogenesis, in terms of establishing latent infections and affecting p53‐/pRb‐driven, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐/EGFR‐associated and especially Wnt/β‐catenin‐driven pathways. We speculate that, at least in part, such viral impacts on particular pathways might be reflected in lasting (e.g. mutational or further genomic) fingerprints of viruses in cells. Also, the complex interplay between several species within the intestinal microbiome, involving a direct or indirect impact on colorectal and microenvironmental cells but also between, for example, phages and bacterial and viral pathogens, and further novel species certainly might, in part, explain ongoing difficulties to establish unequivocal monocausal links between specific viral infections and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Lee YB, Min JK, Kim JG, Cap KC, Islam R, Hossain AJ, Dogsom O, Hamza A, Mahmud S, Choi DR, Kim YS, Koh YH, Kim HA, Chung WS, Suh SW, Park JB. Multiple functions of pyruvate kinase M2 in various cell types. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:128-148. [PMID: 34311499 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is a mechanism by which energy is produced in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by mitochondria and precursor metabolites are supplied to enable the ultimate enrichment of mature metabolites in the cell. Recently, glycolytic enzymes have been shown to have unconventional but important functions. Among these enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays several roles including having conventional metabolic enzyme activity, and also being a transcriptional regulator and a protein kinase. Compared with the closely related PKM1, PKM2 is highly expressed in cancer cells and embryos, whereas PKM1 is dominant in mature, differentiated cells. Posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and acetylation of PKM2 change its cellular functions. In particular, PKM2 can translocate to the nucleus, where it regulates the transcription of many target genes. It is notable that PKM2 also acts as a protein kinase to phosphorylate several substrate proteins. Besides cancer cells and embryonic cells, astrocytes also highly express PKM2, which is crucial for lactate production via expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), while mature neurons predominantly express PKM1. The lactate produced in cancer cells promotes tumor progress and that in astrocytes can be supplied to neurons and may act as a major source for neuronal ATP energy production. Thereby, we propose that PKM2 along with its different posttranslational modifications has specific purposes for a variety of cell types, performing unique functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Beom Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung K Min
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Cuong Cap
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,eLmed Inc. #3419, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Rokibul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Abu J Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Oyungerel Dogsom
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology, School of Bio-Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shohel Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dae R Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Koh
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Ahnyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang W Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,eLmed Inc. #3419, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Koufaris C, Nicolaidou V. Glutamine addiction in virus-infected mammalian cells: A target of the innate immune system? Med Hypotheses 2021; 153:110620. [PMID: 34130112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Control of core cell metabolism is a key aspect of the evolutionary conflict between viruses and the host's defence mechanisms. From their side, the invading viruses press the accelerator on their host cell's glycolysis, fatty acid, and glutaminolytic metabolic processes among others. It is also well established that activation of innate immune system responses modulates facets of metabolism such as that of polyamine, cholesterol, tryptophan and many more. But what about glutamine, a proteogenic amino acid that is a crucial nutrient for multiple cellular biosynthetic processes? Although mammalian cells can normally synthesize glutamine de novo, it has been noted that infections with genetically and phylogenetically diverse viruses are followed by the acquisition of a dependency on supplies of exogenous glutamine i.e. "glutamine addiction". Here we present our novel hypothesis that glutamine metabolism is also a target of the innate immune system, possibly through the action of interferons, as part of the evolutionary conserved antiviral metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koufaris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - V Nicolaidou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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19
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Vats A, Trejo-Cerro O, Thomas M, Banks L. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7: What remains? Tumour Virus Res 2021; 11:200213. [PMID: 33716206 PMCID: PMC7972986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research on the human papillomavirus oncogenes, E6 and E7, have given us huge amounts of data on their expression, functions and structures. We know much about the very many cellular proteins and pathways that they influence in one way or another. However, much of this information is quite discrete, referring to one activity examined under one condition. It is now time to join the dots to try to understand a larger picture: how, where and when do all these interactions occur... and why? Examining these questions will also show how many of the yet obscure cellular processes work together for cellular and tissue homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Vats
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Oscar Trejo-Cerro
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Miranda Thomas
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
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20
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Läsche M, Urban H, Gallwas J, Gründker C. HPV and Other Microbiota; Who's Good and Who's Bad: Effects of the Microbial Environment on the Development of Cervical Cancer-A Non-Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030714. [PMID: 33807087 PMCID: PMC8005086 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is responsible for around 5% of all human cancers worldwide. It develops almost exclusively from an unsolved, persistent infection of the squamocolumnar transformation zone between the endo- and ecto-cervix with various high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The decisive turning point on the way to persistent HPV infection and malignant transformation is an immune system weakened by pathobionts and oxidative stress and an injury to the cervical mucosa, often caused by sexual activities. Through these injury and healing processes, HPV viruses, hijacking activated keratinocytes, move into the basal layers of the cervical epithelium and then continue their development towards the distal prickle cell layer (Stratum spinosum). The microbial microenvironment of the cervical tissue determines the tissue homeostasis and the integrity of the protective mucous layer through the maintenance of a healthy immune and metabolic signalling. Pathological microorganisms and the resulting dysbiosis disturb this signalling. Thus, pathological inflammatory reactions occur, which manifest the HPV infection. About 90% of all women contract an HPV infection in the course of their lives. In about 10% of cases, the virus persists and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops. Approximately 1% of women with a high-risk HPV infection incur a cervical carcinoma after 10 to 20 years. In this non-systematic review article, we summarise how the sexually and microbial mediated pathogenesis of the cervix proceeds through aberrant immune and metabolism signalling via CIN to cervical carcinoma. We show how both the virus and the cancer benefit from the same changes in the immune and metabolic environment.
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21
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Lee SA, Ho C, Troxler M, Lin CY, Chung SH. Non-Metabolic Functions of PKM2 Contribute to Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation Induced by the HPV16 E7 Oncoprotein. Viruses 2021; 13:433. [PMID: 33800513 PMCID: PMC8001101 DOI: 10.3390/v13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) mainly catalyzes glycolysis, but it also exerts non-glycolytic functions in several cancers. While it has been shown to interact with the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7 oncoprotein, the functional significance of PKM2 in HPV-associated cervical cancer has been elusive. Here, we show that HPV16 E7 increased the expression of PKM2 in cervical cancer cells. TCGA data analyses revealed a higher level of PKM2 in HPV+ than HPV- cervical cancers and a worse prognosis for patients with high PKM2 expression. Functionally, we demonstrate that shRNA-mediated PKM2 knockdown decreased the proliferation of HPV+ SiHa cervical cancer cells. PKM2 knockdown also inhibited the E7-induced proliferation of cervical cancer cells. ML265 activating the pyruvate kinase function of PKM2 inhibited cell cycle progression and colony formation. ML265 treatments decreased phosphorylation of PKM2 at the Y105 position that has been associated with non-glycolytic functions. On the contrary, HPV16 E7 increased the PKM2 phosphorylation. Our results indicate that E7 increases PKM2 expression and activates a non-glycolytic function of PKM2 to promote cervical cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sang-Hyuk Chung
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.-A.L.); (C.H.); (M.T.); (C.-Y.L.)
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22
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Magon KL, Parish JL. From infection to cancer: how DNA tumour viruses alter host cell central carbon and lipid metabolism. Open Biol 2021; 11:210004. [PMID: 33653084 PMCID: PMC8061758 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections cause 13% of all cancers globally, and DNA tumour viruses account for almost 60% of these cancers. All viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and hijack host cell functions to replicate and complete their life cycles to produce progeny virions. While many aspects of viral manipulation of host cells have been studied, how DNA tumour viruses manipulate host cell metabolism and whether metabolic alterations in the virus life cycle contribute to carcinogenesis are not well understood. In this review, we compare the differences in central carbon and fatty acid metabolism in host cells following infection, oncogenic transformation, and virus-driven cancer of DNA tumour viruses including: Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini L. Magon
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joanna L. Parish
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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23
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Garnett S, de Bruyns A, Provencher-Tom V, Dutchak K, Shu R, Dankort D. Metabolic Regulator IAPP (Amylin) Is Required for BRAF and RAS Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:874-885. [PMID: 33500359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a prolonged and predominantly irreversible cell-cycle arrest state, which is linked to loss of tissue function and aging in mammals. Moreover, in response to aberrant oncogenic signals such as those from oncogenic RAS or BRAF, senescence functions as an intrinsic tumor suppressor mechanism restraining tumor progression. In addition to this durable proliferative block, senescent cells adopt altered morphologies, transcriptional profiles, and metabolism, while often possessing unusual heterochromatin formation termed senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. To uncover genes that are required to permit proliferation in the face of sustained oncogene signaling, we conducted an shRNA-based genetic screen in primary cells expressing inducible BRAF. Here we show that depletion of a known glycolysis regulator, islet amylin polypeptide (IAPP also known as amylin), prevents RAS and BRAF oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in human cells. Importantly, depletion of IAPP resulted in changes of the cells' metabolome and this metabolic reprogramming was associated with widespread alterations in chromatin modifications compared with senescent cells. Conversely, exogenous treatment of IAPP-depleted cells with amylin restored OIS. Together, our results demonstrate that the metabolic regulator IAPP is important regulator of OIS. Moreover, they suggest that IAPP analog treatment or activation of IAPP signaling in RAS/BRAF mutant tumors may have therapeutic potential through senescence induction. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that IAPP is a novel metabolic regulator of oncogene-induced senescence and use of IAPP analogs may be therapeutically effective to restore growth arrest to BRAF and/or RAS mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Garnett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Kendall Dutchak
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Ran Shu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal QC, Canada
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24
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Vélez J, Velasquez Z, Silva LMR, Gärtner U, Failing K, Daugschies A, Mazurek S, Hermosilla C, Taubert A. Metabolic Signatures of Cryptosporidium
parvum-Infected HCT-8 Cells and Impact of Selected Metabolic Inhibitors on C. parvum Infection under Physioxia and Hyperoxia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010060. [PMID: 33467500 PMCID: PMC7831031 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan zoonotic parasite recognized as the second leading-cause of diarrhoea-induced mortality in children. In contrast to other apicomplexans, C.
parvum has minimalistic metabolic capacities which are almost exclusively based on glycolysis. Consequently, C. parvum is highly dependent on its host cell metabolism. In vivo (within the intestine) infected epithelial host cells are typically exposed to low oxygen pressure (1-11% O2, termed physioxia). Here, we comparatively analyzed the metabolic signatures of C. parvum-infected HCT-8 cells cultured under both, hyperoxia (21% O2), representing the standard oxygen condition used in most experimental settings, and physioxia (5% O2), to be closer to the in vivo situation. The most pronounced effect of C. parvum infection on host cell metabolism was, on one side, an increase in glucose and glutamine uptake, and on the other side, an increase in lactate release. When cultured in a glutamine-deficient medium, C. parvum infection led to a massive increase in glucose consumption and lactate production. Together, these results point to the important role of both glycolysis and glutaminolysis during C. parvum intracellular replication. Referring to obtained metabolic signatures, we targeted glycolysis as well as glutaminolysis in C. parvum-infected host cells by using the inhibitors lonidamine [inhibitor of hexokinase, mitochondrial carrier protein (MCP) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1, 2, 4], galloflavin (lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor), syrosingopine (MCT1- and MCT4 inhibitor) and compound 968 (glutaminase inhibitor) under hyperoxic and physioxic conditions. In line with metabolic signatures, all inhibitors significantly reduced parasite replication under both oxygen conditions, thereby proving both energy-related metabolic pathways, glycolysis and glutaminolysis, but also lactate export mechanisms via MCTs as pivotal for C. parvum under in vivo physioxic conditions of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vélez
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (Z.V.); (L.M.R.S.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zahady Velasquez
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (Z.V.); (L.M.R.S.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Liliana M. R. Silva
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (Z.V.); (L.M.R.S.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 95, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Arwid Daugschies
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 35, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (Z.V.); (L.M.R.S.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Anja Taubert
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University-Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (Z.V.); (L.M.R.S.); (C.H.); (A.T.)
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Chandel V, Raj S, Kumar P, Gupta S, Dhasmana A, Kesari KK, Ruokolainen J, Mehra P, Das BC, Kamal MA, Kumar D. Metabolic regulation in HPV associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2020; 258:118236. [PMID: 32795537 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit distinct energy metabolic pathways due to multiple oncogenic events. In normoxia condition, the anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) is highly observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC is associated with smoking, chewing tobacco, consumption of alcohol or Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection primarily HPV16. In recent years, the correlation of HPV with HNSCC has significantly expanded. Despite the recent advancement in therapeutic approaches, the rate of HPV infected HNSCC has significantly increased in the last few years, specifically, in lower middle-income countries. The oncoproteins of High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV), E6 and E7, alter the metabolic phenotype in HNSCC, which is distinct from non-HPV associated HNSCC. These oncoproteins, modulate the cell cycle and metabolic signalling through interacting with tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and pRb. Since, metabolic alteration represents a major hallmark for tumorigenesis, HPV acts as a source of biomarker linked to cancer progression in HNSCC. The dependency of cancer cells to specific nutrients and alteration of various metabolic associated genes may provide a unique opportunity for pharmacological intervention in HPV infected HNSCC. In this review, we have discussed the molecular mechanism (s) and metabolic regulation in HNSCC depending on the HPV status. We have also discussed the possible potential therapeutic approaches for HPV associated HNSCC through targeting metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chandel
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University UttarPradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Sibi Raj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University UttarPradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University UttarPradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University UttarPradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Doiwala, Dehradun 248016, India; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Pravesh Mehra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University UttarPradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University UttarPradesh, Sec 125, Noida 201303, India.
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Cruz-Gregorio A, Aranda-Rivera AK, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Human Papillomavirus-related Cancers and Mitochondria. Virus Res 2020; 286:198016. [PMID: 32445871 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been established that persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause in the development of cervical cancer, the HR-HPV infection is also related with the cause of a significant fraction of other human malignancies from the mucosal squamous epithelial such as anus, vagina, vulva, penis and oropharynx. HR-HPV infection induces cell proliferation, cell death evasion and genomic instability resulting in cell transformation, due to HPV proteins, which target and modify the function of differents cell molecules and organelles, such as mitochondria. Mitochondria are essential in the production of the cellular energy by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in the metabolism of nucleotides, aminoacids (aa), and fatty acids, even in the regulation of cell death processes such as apoptosis or mitophagy. Thus, mitochondria have a significant role in the HPV-related cancer development. This review focuses on the role of HPV and mitochondria in HPV-related cancer development, and treatments associated to mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biology Department, Laboratories F-225, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biology Department, Laboratories F-315, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, 04510, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biology Department, Laboratories F-315, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CDMX, 04510, Mexico.
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27
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Pouli D, Thieu HT, Genega EM, Baecher-Lind L, House M, Bond B, Roncari DM, Evans ML, Rius-Diaz F, Munger K, Georgakoudi I. Label-free, High-Resolution Optical Metabolic Imaging of Human Cervical Precancers Reveals Potential for Intraepithelial Neoplasia Diagnosis. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1. [PMID: 32577625 PMCID: PMC7311071 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While metabolic changes are considered a cancer hallmark, their assessment has not been incorporated in the detection of early or precancers, when treatment is most effective. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic changes are detected in freshly excised human cervical precancerous tissues using label-free, non-destructive imaging of the entire epithelium. The images rely on two-photon excited fluorescence from two metabolic co-enzymes, NAD(P)H and FAD, and have micron-level resolution, enabling sensitive assessments of the redox ratio and mitochondrial fragmentation, which yield metrics of metabolic function and heterogeneity. Simultaneous characterization of morphological features, such as the depth-dependent variation of the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, is demonstrated. Multi-parametric analysis combining several metabolic metrics with morphological ones enhances significantly the diagnostic accuracy of identifying high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Our results motivate the translation of such functional metabolic imaging to in vivo studies, which may enable improved identification of cervical lesions, and other precancers, at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Pouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong-Thao Thieu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Genega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Laura Baecher-Lind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael House
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Brian Bond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Danielle M Roncari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Megan L Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Francisca Rius-Diaz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 32 Louis Pasteur Boulevard, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.,Lead Contact
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Rashidova AM, Hashimova UF, Gadimova ZM. Study of Energy-Metabolism Enzymes and the State of the Cardiovascular System in Elderly and Senile-Aged Patients. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Xu D, Liang J, Lin J, Yu C. PKM2: A Potential Regulator of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Glycolytic and Non-Glycolytic Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2919. [PMID: 31921178 PMCID: PMC6930793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, there have been investigations focusing on the role of intracellular glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA. Previous studies have shown that glycolysis of synovial tissue is increased in RA patients, while glycolysis inhibitors can significantly inhibit synovitis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the final rate-limiting step in the process. An isoform of PK, PKM2, provides favorable conditions for the survival of tumor cells via its glycolytic or non-glycolytic functions and has become a potential therapeutic target in tumors. RA synovium has the characteristic of tumor-like growth, and, moreover, increased expression of PKM2 was identified in the synovial tissue of RA patients in recent studies, indicating the underlying role of PKM2 in RA. PKM2 has potential value as a new therapeutic target or biomarker for RA, but its exact role in RA remains unclear. In this review, the properties of PKM2 and existing research concerning PKM2 and RA are thoroughly reviewed and summarized, and the possible role and mechanism of PKM2 in RA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Moussallieh F, Moss E, Elbayed K, Lereaux G, Tourneix F, Lepoittevin J. Modifications induced by chemical skin allergens on the metabolome of reconstructed human epidermis: A pilot high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance study. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 82:137-146. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Moss
- Institute of ChemistryCNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Karim Elbayed
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube)CNRS UMR 7357 and University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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31
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Rashidova AM, Gashimova UF. Age-Dependent Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Brain Structures during Postnatal Ontogenesis of Rats Exposed to Hypoxia in the Fetal Period. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093019030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Abstract
This review discusses the current state of the viral metabolism field and gaps in knowledge that will be important for future studies to investigate. We discuss metabolic rewiring caused by viruses, the influence of oncogenic viruses on host cell metabolism, and the use of viruses as guides to identify critical metabolic nodes for cancer anabolism. We also discuss the need for more mechanistic studies identifying viral proteins responsible for metabolic hijacking and for in vivo studies of viral-induced metabolic rewiring. Improved technologies for detailed metabolic measurements and genetic manipulation will lead to important discoveries over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani K Thaker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - James Ch'ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Liu W, Woolbright BL, Pirani K, Didde R, Abbott E, Kaushik G, Martin P, Hamilton-Reeves J, Taylor JA, Holzbeierlein JM, Anant S, Lee EK. Tumor M2-PK: A novel urine marker of bladder cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218737. [PMID: 31246990 PMCID: PMC6597081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer is a "Warburg-like" tumor characterized by a reliance on aerobic glycolysis and expression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). PKM2 oscillates between an active tetramer and an inactive dimer. We aim to further characterize PKM2, in particular PKM2 dimer, as a urinary biomarker of bladder cancer and a potential target for treatment. METHODS HTB-9, HTB-5, and UM-UC3 bladder cancer cells were assessed for proliferation under differential glucose levels using the hexosaminidase assay. Western blot and Blue-native analysis was performed for protein expression of PKM2. Shikonin, an herb that is known to bind and inhibit PKM2, was utilized to determine if PKM2 has a role in glucose usage and cellular proliferation in bladder cancer cells by caspase activity assay. Institutional review board approval was obtained to collect healthy control and bladder cancer patient urine samples. The ScheBo M2-PK EDTA Plasma Test was performed on urine samples to assess urine Tumor M2-PK values. RESULTS The three bladder cancer cell lines tested all demonstrate statistically significant increases in proliferation when exposed to higher level of glucose (200mg/dL). Similarly, low doses of glucose (25mg/dL) result in reduced proliferation. Increased cell growth in higher glucose concentration correlated with up-regulation of PKM2 protein expression. Shikonin, a PKM2 inhibitor, reduced cell proliferation and switched PKM2 isoforms from the dimer to tetramer. Lastly, dimer PKM2 (Tumor-M2PK) levels were assessed in the urine samples from bladder cancer (Bca) patients and healthy controls. Tumor M2-PK significantly correlated with the presence of BCa in our subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate the potential of PKM2, specifically the dimer (Tumor-M2PK) as a target of drug therapy and as a urinary marker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Woolbright
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Karim Pirani
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ryan Didde
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Erika Abbott
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Paige Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - John A. Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Holzbeierlein
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Eugene K. Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK), as one of the key enzymes for glycolysis, can encode four different subtypes from two groups of genes, although the M2 subtype PKM2 is expressed mainly during embryonic development in normal humans, and is closely related to tissue repair and regeneration, with the deepening of research, the role of PKM2 in tumor tissue has received increasing attention. PKM2 can be aggregated into tetrameric and dimeric forms, PKM2 in the dimer state can enter the nuclear to regulate gene expression, the transformation between them can play an important role in tumor cell energy supply, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis and cell proliferation. We will use the switching effect of PKM2 in glucose metabolism as the entry point to expand and enrich the Warburg effect. In addition, PKM2 can also regulate each other with various proteins by phosphorylation, acetylation and other modifications, mediate the different intracellular localization of PKM2 and then exert specific biological functions. In this paper, we will illustrate each of these points.
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35
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Sun YZ, Li JF, Wei ZD, Jiang HH, Hong YX, Zheng S, Qi RQ, Gao XH. Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of condyloma acuminata: mild hyperthermia treatment reveals compromised HPV infectivity of keratinocytes via regulation of metabolism, differentiation and anti-viral responses. Int J Hyperthermia 2019; 36:383-393. [PMID: 30909744 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1578420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermia has proved successful in treating cutaneous human papillomavirus infectious diseases such as plantar wart and condyloma acuminata (CA). Moreover, this treatment provides improved therapeutic efficacy in these conditions as compared with conventional therapies. OBJECTIVES To investigate the global proteome changes in CA in response to hyperthermia and achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of hyperthermia therapy against HPV-infectious diseases. METHODS CA tissue was obtained from patients undergoing pathological examinations. Diagnosis was verified as based on results of both HE staining and HPV-DNA PCR assay. Hyperthermia was achieved with a 44 °C water bath. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by iTRAQ labeling, SCX chromatography and LC-MS/MS assay. Validation of proteomic results was performed using real-time qPCR and western blot, while bioinformatic analysis of DEPs was accomplished by R 3.4.1, STRING and Cytoscape softwares. RESULTS In response to hyperthermia, a total of 102 DEPs were identified with 37 being upregulated and 65 downregulated. Among these DEPs, hyperthermia induced proteins involved with anti-viral processes such as OAS1, MX1, BANF1, CANX and AP1S1, whereas it inhibited proteins that participated in cellular metabolism, such as GALT, H6PD, EXOSC4 and EXOSC6; protein translation, such as RPS4Y1; as well as keratinocyte differentiation, such as KRT5, KRT27, KRT75, KRT76 and H2AFY2. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthermia inhibited enzymes and molecules responsible for metabolism modulation and keratinocyte differentiation in CA tissue, whereas it promoted factors involved in anti-viral responses. Such effects may, in part, contribute to the efficacy of local hyperthermia therapy against HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhe Sun
- a Graduate School, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,b Department of Dermatology , The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education , Shenyang , China
| | - Jia-Feng Li
- a Graduate School, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,c Department of Pathology , The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhen-Dong Wei
- d Department of Dermatology , the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Hang-Hang Jiang
- b Department of Dermatology , The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education , Shenyang , China
| | - Yu-Xiao Hong
- b Department of Dermatology , The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education , Shenyang , China
| | - Song Zheng
- b Department of Dermatology , The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education , Shenyang , China
| | - Rui-Qun Qi
- b Department of Dermatology , The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education , Shenyang , China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- a Graduate School, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,b Department of Dermatology , The First Hospital of China Medical University and Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education , Shenyang , China
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Andjelković A, Mordas A, Bruinsma L, Ketola A, Cannino G, Giordano L, Dhandapani PK, Szibor M, Dufour E, Jacobs HT. Expression of the Alternative Oxidase Influences Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling and Cell Migration. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00110-18. [PMID: 30224521 PMCID: PMC6275184 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00110-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling inhibits cell migration in diverse model systems. In Drosophila pupal development, attenuated JNK signaling in the thoracic dorsal epithelium leads to defective midline closure, resulting in cleft thorax. Here we report that concomitant expression of the Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase (AOX) was able to compensate for JNK pathway downregulation, substantially correcting the cleft thorax phenotype. AOX expression also promoted wound-healing behavior and single-cell migration in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs), counteracting the effect of JNK pathway inhibition. However, AOX was not able to rescue developmental phenotypes resulting from knockdown of the AP-1 transcription factor, the canonical target of JNK, nor its targets and had no effect on AP-1-dependent transcription. The migration of AOX-expressing iMEFs in the wound-healing assay was differentially stimulated by antimycin A, which redirects respiratory electron flow through AOX, altering the balance between mitochondrial ATP and heat production. Since other treatments affecting mitochondrial ATP did not stimulate wound healing, we propose increased mitochondrial heat production as the most likely primary mechanism of action of AOX in promoting cell migration in these various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Andjelković
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Amelia Mordas
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lyon Bruinsma
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Ketola
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Cannino
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Luca Giordano
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Praveen K Dhandapani
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marten Szibor
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Dufour
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hobson-Gutierrez SA, Carmona-Fontaine C. The metabolic axis of macrophage and immune cell polarization. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/8/dmm034462. [PMID: 29991530 PMCID: PMC6124558 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular space of solid tumors ranges from being well-nurtured to being completely ischemic and can serve as a source of intratumoral heterogeneity, determining the behavior and molecular profiles of malignant and stromal cells. Here, we discuss how the metabolic tumor microenvironment modulates the phenotypes of the immune cells that infiltrate tumors, with an emphasis on tumor-associated macrophages. These cells constitute a diverse population that has pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory properties, and are likened to anti-inflammatory ‘M2’ macrophages. Recent findings show how different metabolic microenvironments specify an array of phenotypic changes in macrophages. In tumors, extracellular metabolite levels vary predictably according to proximity to the vasculature, and phenotypic changes in tumor-associated macrophages and in other immune cells are also predictable. We speculate that this ‘metabolic axis’ of macrophage polarization modulates – and is modulated by – the response to inflammatory cues, creating a wide variety of possible phenotypic states. Understanding how extracellular metabolites influence cell phenotypes allows us to predict how tumor-associated macrophages and other tumor cells might change, with the aim of harnessing this predictability for therapy. Overall, we describe an emerging picture in which chemokines, growth factors and the metabolic tumor microenvironment act together to determine the phenotypes of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Summary: Extracellular metabolites can mediate cell communication and change transcriptional and functional aspects of tumor and normal cells. This Review focuses on how these metabolic cues affect the immune system with a special focus on tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Hobson-Gutierrez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona-Fontaine
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York City, NY 10003, USA
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Martínez-Ramírez I, Carrillo-García A, Contreras-Paredes A, Ortiz-Sánchez E, Cruz-Gregorio A, Lizano M. Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071839. [PMID: 29932118 PMCID: PMC6073392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of glucose metabolism is one of the first biochemical characteristics associated with cancer cells since most of these cells increase glucose consumption and glycolytic rates even in the presence of oxygen, which has been called “aerobic glycolysis” or the Warburg effect. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with approximately 5% of all human cancers worldwide, principally to cervical cancer. E6 and E7 are the main viral oncoproteins which are required to preserve the malignant phenotype. These viral proteins regulate the cell cycle through their interaction with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRB, respectively. Together with the viral proteins E5 and E2, E6 and E7 can favor the Warburg effect and contribute to radio- and chemoresistance through the increase in the activity of glycolytic enzymes, as well as the inhibition of the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain. These processes lead to a fast production of ATP obtained by Warburg, which could help satisfy the high energy demands of cancer cells during proliferation. In this way HPV proteins could promote cancer hallmarks. However, it is also possible that during an early HPV infection, the Warburg effect could help in the achievement of an efficient viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda Martínez-Ramírez
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Adela Carrillo-García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)/Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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Wache S, Helmig S, Walter D, Schneider J, Mazurek S. Impact of biopersistent fibrous dusts on glycolysis, glutaminolysis and serine metabolism in A549 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9233-9241. [PMID: 28990047 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion rates of different metabolic pathways summarized as a metabolic signature mirror the physiological functions and the general physiological status of a cell. The present study compared the impact of crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos, glass fibers and multi‑walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) of two different lengths (1‑2 µm and 5‑15 µm) on the conversion rates in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and serine metabolism of A549 cells. The concentration tested was 1 µg/cm2 for all fibers. A concentration of 5 µg/cm2 was additionally used for chrysotile and crocidolite, and 25 µg/cm2 for glass fibers and MWCN. With respect to the inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and the extent of metabolic alterations, the present study revealed the following ranking among the fibers tested: Chrysotile>crocidolite>glass fibers>MWCN 5‑15 µm>MWCN 1‑2 µm. For the asbestos and glass fibers this ranking correlated best with the number of fibers. It appeared that the results observed for MWCN did not match this correlation. However, electron microscopy revealed an agglomeration of MWCN. The agglomeration decreased the toxicologically relevant number of fibers by forming larger particle‑like shapes and explained the smaller effects of MWCN 5‑15 µm and 1‑2 µm on cell proliferation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Wache
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Simone Helmig
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk Walter
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Schneider
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D‑35392 Giessen, Germany
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Tateishi H, Tsuji AB, Kato K, Sudo H, Sugyo A, Hanakawa T, Zhang MR, Saga T, Arano Y, Higashi T. Synthesis and evaluation of 11C-labeled coumarin analog as an imaging probe for detecting monocarboxylate transporters expression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4893-4897. [PMID: 28951078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Upregulated monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in tumors are considered diagnostic imaging targets. Herein, we synthesized the positron emission tomography probe candidates coumarin analogs 2 and 3, and showed 55 times higher affinity of 2 for MCTs than a representative MCT inhibitor. Whereas [11C]2 showed low tumor accumulation, probably due to adduct formation with plasma proteins, [11C]2 showed high initial brain uptake, suggesting that the scaffold of 2 has properties that are preferable in imaging probes for the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Although further optimization of 2 is required, our findings can be used to inform the development of MCT-targeted imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tateishi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Integrative Brain Imaging, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-5551, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Department of Integrative Brain Imaging, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-5551, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoinkawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine Team, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89681-89691. [PMID: 29163780 PMCID: PMC5685701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent for a rising number of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which are characterized by distinct tumor biology. Hypoxia inducible-factor (HIF) signaling influences initiation and progression of carcinogenesis and HPV oncoproteins have evolved to highjack cellular pathways for viral reproduction. Therefore, we investigated whether HPV activates HIF-1α expression in HNSCC. Experimental Technique HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cells were examined for adaptive responses to hypoxia. Expression of HIF-1α, prolyl hydroxylase-domain protein 2 (PHD2) and E-cadherin was analyzed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy and migration/wound healing assays. Results HPV-positive HNSCC cells showed higher HIF-1α and PHD2 protein levels under normoxia and hypoxia. HIF-1α hydroxylation was reduced in HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines under PHD and proteasomal inhibition. In vitro wound healing assays showed impairment of migration and proliferation by HIF-1α pathway activation in HPV-negative cell lines only. In contrast, migration and proliferation in HPV-positive cell lines was impaired by HIF-1α specific siRNA. Conclusions HPV-positive HNSCC cells show activation of the HIF pathway and adaptation to HIF-1α upregulation, representing potential therapeutic targets in this emerging tumor entity.
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Windler C, Gey C, Seeger K. Skin melanocytes and fibroblasts show different changes in choline metabolism during cellular senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Galardo MN, Gorga A, Merlo JP, Regueira M, Pellizzari EH, Cigorraga SB, Riera MF, Meroni SB. Participation of HIFs in the regulation of Sertoli cell lactate production. Biochimie 2017; 132:9-18. [PMID: 27750035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) are master regulators of glycolytic metabolism. HIFs consist of a constitutive HIFbeta (HIFβ) subunit and a HIFalpha (HIFα) subunit, whose half-life depends on prolyl-hydroxylases activity. Inhibition of prolyl-hydroxylases by hypoxia or transition metals, or augmentation of HIFα subunit levels by hormonal stimuli lead to a higher HIF transcriptional activity. On the other hand, it is well known that lactate produced by Sertoli cells is delivered to and used by germ cells as an energy substrate. The aim of this work was to investigate whether HIFs participate in the regulation of lactate production in rat Sertoli cells and whether they are involved in the FSH mechanism of action. In order to reach a higher HIF transcriptional activity, Sertoli cells were treated with CoCl2. We observed that a higher HIF transcriptional activity leads to an augmentation of: lactate production, glucose uptake and LDH activity. Besides, an increase in Glut1, Pkm2 and Ldha mRNA levels was observed. These findings suggested that HIFs may participate in the modulation of Sertoli cell nutritional function. As FSH regulates lactate production, we evaluated whether HIFs were involved in FSH action. Sertoli cells were stimulated with FSH in the absence or presence of LW6, a drug which promotes HIFα subunit degradation. On the one hand, we observed that FSH increases HIF1α protein, Hif1α and Hif2α mRNA levels and, on the other hand, that LW6 inhibits FSH-stimulated lactate production, glucose uptake, Glut1, Pkm2 and Ldha expression. It is proposed that HIFs are key components of the intricate pathways utilized by FSH to regulate the provision of lactate for germ cells. Considering that FSH is the master endocrine regulator of Sertoli cells, it is not surprising that this hormone may employ several regulatory mechanisms to fulfill the nourishing functions of this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noel Galardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Gorga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Pedro Merlo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Regueira
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Herminia Pellizzari
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Selva Beatriz Cigorraga
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Riera
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Beatriz Meroni
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Woodby B, Scott M, Bodily J. The Interaction Between Human Papillomaviruses and the Stromal Microenvironment. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:169-238. [PMID: 27865458 PMCID: PMC5727914 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate in stratified squamous epithelia and cause a variety of malignancies. Current efforts in HPV biology are focused on understanding the virus-host interactions that enable HPV to persist for years or decades in the tissue. The importance of interactions between tumor cells and the stromal microenvironment has become increasingly apparent in recent years, but how stromal interactions impact the normal, benign life cycle of HPVs, or progression of lesions to cancer is less understood. Furthermore, how productively replicating HPV impacts cells in the stromal environment is also unclear. Here we bring together some of the relevant literature on keratinocyte-stromal interactions and their impacts on HPV biology, focusing on stromal fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. We discuss how HPV oncogenes in infected cells manipulate other cells in their environment, and, conversely, how neighboring cells may impact the efficiency or course of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Woodby
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M Scott
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - J Bodily
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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45
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Zeng Q, Chen J, Li Y, Werle KD, Zhao RX, Quan CS, Wang YS, Zhai YX, Wang JW, Youssef M, Cui R, Liang J, Genovese N, Chow LT, Li YL, Xu ZX. LKB1 inhibits HPV-associated cancer progression by targeting cellular metabolism. Oncogene 2016; 36:1245-1255. [PMID: 27546620 PMCID: PMC5322260 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is mutationally inactivated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in a variety of cancers including human papillomavirus (HPV)-caused cervical cancer. However, the significance of LKB1 mutations in cervical cancer initiation and progress has not been examined. Herein, we demonstrated that, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, loss of LKB1 and transduction of HPV16 E6/E7 had an additive effect on constraining cell senescence while promoting cell proliferation and increasing glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP generation. Knock-down of LKB1 increased and ectopic expression of LKB1 decreased glycolysis, anchorage-independent cell growth, and cell migration and invasion in HPV transformed cells. In the tumorigenesis and lung metastasis model in syngeneic mice, depletion of LKB1 markedly increased tumor metastatic colonies in lungs without affecting subcutaneous tumor growth. We showed that HPV16 E6/E7 enhanced the expression of hexokinase-ll (HK-II) in the glycolytic pathway through elevated c-MYC. Ectopic LKB1 reduced HK-II along with glycolysis. The inverse relationship between HK-II and LKB1 was also observed in normal and HPV-associated cervical lesions. We propose that LKB1 acts as a safeguard against HPV-stimulated aerobic glycolysis and tumor progression. These findings may eventually aid in the development of therapeutic strategy for HPV-associated malignancies by targeting cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Y Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K D Werle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R-X Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C-S Quan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y-S Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y-X Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J-W Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - M Youssef
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Genovese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L T Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Y-L Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z-X Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Herbel C, Patsoukis N, Bardhan K, Seth P, Weaver JD, Boussiotis VA. Clinical significance of T cell metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:29. [PMID: 27510264 PMCID: PMC4980327 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion of normal cells to cancer is accompanied with changes in their metabolism. During this conversion, cell metabolism undergoes a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, also known as Warburg effect, which is a hallmark for cancer cell metabolism. In cancer cells, glycolysis functions in parallel with the TCA cycle and other metabolic pathways to enhance biosynthetic processes and thus support proliferation and growth. Similar metabolic features are observed in T cells during activation but, in contrast to cancer, metabolic transitions in T cells are part of a physiological process. Currently, there is intense interest in understanding the cause and effect relationship between metabolic reprogramming and T cell differentiation. After the recent success of cancer immunotherapy, the crosstalk between immune system and cancer has come to the forefront of clinical and basic research. One of the key goals is to delineate how metabolic alterations of cancer influence metabolism-regulated function and differentiation of tumor resident T cells and how such effects might be altered by immunotherapy. Here, we review the unique metabolic features of cancer, the implications of cancer metabolism on T cell metabolic reprogramming during antigen encounters, and the translational prospective of harnessing metabolism in cancer and T cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Herbel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kankana Bardhan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Dana 513, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Dana 513, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of anogenital cancers and a fraction of head and neck cancers. The mechanisms involved in the progression of HPV neoplasias to cancers remain largely unknown. Here, we report that O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) were markedly increased in HPV-caused cervical neoplasms relative to normal cervix, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) levels were not altered. Transduction of HPV16 oncogene E6 or E6/E7 into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) up-regulated OGT mRNA and protein, elevated the level of O-GlcNAc, and promoted cell proliferation while reducing cellular senescence. Conversely, in HPV-18-transformed HeLa cervical carcinoma cells, inhibition of O-GlcNAc with a low concentration of a chemical inhibitor impaired the transformed phenotypes in vitro. We showed that E6 elevated c-MYC via increased protein stability attributable to O-GlcNAcylation on Thr58. Reduction of HPV-mediated cell viability by a high concentration of O-GlcNAc inhibitor was partially rescued by elevated c-MYC. Finally, knockdown of OGT or O-GlcNAc inhibition in HeLa cells or in TC-1 cells, a mouse cell line transformed by HPV16 E6/E7 and activated K-RAS, reduced c-MYC and suppressed tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism for HPV oncoprotein-mediated transformation. These findings may eventually aid in the development of effective therapeutics for HPV-associated malignancies by targeting aberrant O-GlcNAc.
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The Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Oncoprotein Attenuates AKT Signaling To Promote Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Dependent Translation and Expression of c-MYC. J Virol 2016; 90:5611-5621. [PMID: 27030265 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00411-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED While the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 in targeting p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) has been intensively studied, how E6 and E7 manipulate cellular signaling cascades to promote the viral life cycle and cancer development is less understood. Keratinocytes containing the episomal HPV-16 genome had decreased activation of AKT, which was phenocopied by HPV-16 E7 expression alone. Attenuation of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) by E7 was independent of the Rb degradation function of E7 but could be ablated by a missense mutation in the E7 carboxy terminus, H73E, thereby defining a novel structure-function phenotype for E7. Downstream of AKT, reduced phosphorylation of p70 S6K and 4E-BP1 was also observed in E7-expressing keratinocytes, which coincided with an increase in internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation that enhanced the expression of several cellular proteins, including MYC, Bax, and the insulin receptor. The decrease in pAKT mediated by E7 is in contrast to the widely observed increase of pAKT in invasive cervical cancers, suggesting that the activation of AKT signaling could be acquired during the progression from initial productive infections to invasive carcinomas. IMPORTANCE HPV causes invasive cervical cancers through the dysregulation of the cell cycle regulators p53 and Rb, which are degraded by the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7, respectively. Signaling cascades contribute to cancer progression and cellular differentiation, and how E6 and E7 manipulate those pathways remains unclear. The phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway regulates cellular processes, including proliferation, cell survival, and cell differentiation. Surprisingly, we found that HPV-16 decreased the phosphorylation of AKT (pAKT) and that this is a function of E7 that is independent of the Rb degradation function. This is in contrast to the observed increase in AKT signaling in nearly 80% of cervical cancers, which typically show an acquired mutation within the PI3K/AKT cascade leading to constitutive activation of the pathway. Our observations suggest that multiple changes in the activation and effects of AKT signaling occur in the progression from productive HPV infections to invasive cervical cancers.
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Lévy P, Bartosch B. Metabolic reprogramming: a hallmark of viral oncogenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:4155-64. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Goodwin CM, Xu S, Munger J. Stealing the Keys to the Kitchen: Viral Manipulation of the Host Cell Metabolic Network. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:789-798. [PMID: 26439298 PMCID: PMC4679435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Host cells possess the metabolic assets required for viral infection. Recent studies indicate that control of the host's metabolic resources is a core host–pathogen interaction. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to usurp the host's metabolic resources, funneling them towards the production of virion components as well as the organization of specialized compartments for replication, maturation, and dissemination. Consequently, hosts have developed a variety of metabolic countermeasures to sense and resist these viral changes. The complex interplay between virus and host over metabolic control has only just begun to be deconvoluted. However, it is clear that virally induced metabolic reprogramming can substantially impact infectious outcomes, highlighting the promise of targeting these processes for antiviral therapeutic development. Numerous viruses modulate host-cell metabolic processes to ensure successful infection. The host-cell metabolic network contributes the energy, precursors, and specialized components necessary to produce infectious virions. Viruses deploy host-cell metabolic activities to organize viral maturation compartments. Metabolic control is a host–pathogen interaction that can sway the outcome of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shihao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Joshua Munger
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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