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Aisyah R, Kamesawa M, Horii M, Watanabe D, Yoshida Y, Miyata K, Kumrungsee T, Wada M, Yanaka N. Comparative study on muscle function in two different streptozotocin-induced diabetic models. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02311-3. [PMID: 38856757 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used to study diabetic complications. Owing to the nonspecific cytotoxicity of high-dose STZ, alternative models using moderate-dose or a combination of low-dose STZ and a high-fat diet have been established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these models on muscle function. METHODS The muscle function of two STZ models using moderate-dose STZ (100 mg/kg, twice) and a combination of low-dose STZ and high-fat diet (50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days + 45% high-fat diet) were examined using in vivo electrical stimulation. Biochemical and gene expression analysis were conducted on the skeletal muscles of the models immediately after the stimulation. RESULTS The contractile force did not differ significantly between the models compared to respective controls. However, the moderate-dose STZ model showed more severe fatigue and blunted exercise-induced glycogen degradation possibly thorough a downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation- and vasculature development-related genes expression. CONCLUSIONS Moderate-dose STZ model is suitable for fatigability assessment in diabetes and careful understanding on the molecular signatures of each model is necessary to guide the selection of suitable models to study diabetic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmawati Aisyah
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mion Kamesawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mayu Horii
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kenshu Miyata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Masanobu Wada
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
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Roch PJ, Noisser L, Böker KO, Hoffmann DB, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Advantage of ostarine over raloxifene and their combined treatments for muscle of estrogen-deficient rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:709-720. [PMID: 37672168 PMCID: PMC10904410 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective androgen (ostarine, OST) and estrogen (raloxifene, RAL) receptor modulators with improved tissue selectivity have been developed as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. We investigated the combined effects of OST and RAL on muscle tissue in an estrogen-deficient rat model of postmenopausal conditions. METHODS Three-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups: (1) untreated non-ovariectomized rats (Non-OVX), (2) untreated ovariectomized rats (OVX), (3) OVX rats treated with OST, (4) OVX rats treated with RAL, (5) OVX rats treated with OST and RAL. Both compounds were administered in the diet. The average dose received was 0.6 ± 0.1 mg for OST and 11.1 ± 1.2 mg for RAL per kg body weight/day. After thirteen weeks, rat activity, muscle weight, structure, gene expression, and serum markers were analyzed. RESULTS OST increased muscle weight, capillary ratio, insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) expression, serum phosphorus, uterine weight. RAL decreased muscle weight, capillary ratio, food intake, serum calcium and increased Igf-1 and Myostatin expression, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). OST + RAL increased muscle nucleus ratio, uterine weight, serum phosphorus, FSH and luteinizing hormone and decreased body and muscle weight, serum calcium. Neither treatment changed muscle fiber size. OVX increased body and muscle weight, decreased uterine weight, serum calcium and magnesium. CONCLUSION OST had beneficial effects on muscle in OVX rats. Side effects of OST on the uterus and serum electrolytes should be considered before using it for therapeutic purposes. RAL and RAL + OST had less effect on muscle and showed endocrinological side effects on pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - L Noisser
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Graca FA, Minden-Birkenmaier BA, Stephan A, Demontis F, Labelle M. Signaling roles of platelets in skeletal muscle regeneration. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300134. [PMID: 37712935 PMCID: PMC10840841 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Platelets have important hemostatic functions in repairing blood vessels upon tissue injury. Cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites stored in platelet α-granules and dense granules are released upon platelet activation and clotting. Emerging evidence indicates that such platelet-derived signaling factors are instrumental in guiding tissue regeneration. Here, we discuss the important roles of platelet-secreted signaling factors in skeletal muscle regeneration. Chemokines secreted by platelets in the early phase after injury are needed to recruit neutrophils to injured muscles, and impeding this early step of muscle regeneration exacerbates inflammation at later stages, compromises neo-angiogenesis and the growth of newly formed myofibers, and reduces post-injury muscle force production. Platelets also contribute to the recruitment of pro-regenerative stromal cells from the adipose tissue, and the platelet releasate may also regulate the metabolism and proliferation of muscle satellite cells, which sustain myogenesis. Therefore, harnessing the signaling functions of platelets and the platelet secretome may provide new avenues for promoting skeletal muscle regeneration in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia A. Graca
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Anna Stephan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Myriam Labelle
- Department of Oncology, Division of Molecular Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Hjortshoej MH, Aagaard P, Storgaard CD, Juneja H, Lundbye‐Jensen J, Magnusson SP, Couppé C. Hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14030. [PMID: 37732509 PMCID: PMC10909497 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heavy-load free-flow resistance exercise (HL-FFRE) is a widely used training modality. Recently, low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) has gained attention in both athletic and clinical settings as an alternative when conventional HL-FFRE is contraindicated or not tolerated. LL-BFRRE has been shown to result in physiological adaptations in muscle and connective tissue that are comparable to those induced by HL-FFRE. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear; however, evidence suggests that LL-BFRRE involves elevated metabolic stress compared to conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). AIM The aim was to evaluate the initial (<10 min post-exercise), intermediate (10-20 min), and late (>30 min) hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses observed following acute sessions of LL-BFRRE compared to FFRE in healthy adults. METHODS A systematic literature search of randomized and non-randomized studies was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2, ROBINS-1) and TESTEX were used to evaluate risk of bias and study quality. Data extractions were based on mean change within groups. RESULTS A total of 12525 hits were identified, of which 29 articles were included. LL-BFRRE demonstrated greater acute increases in growth hormone responses when compared to overall FFRE at intermediate (SMD 2.04; 95% CI 0.87, 3.22) and late (SMD 2.64; 95% CI 1.13, 4.16) post-exercise phases. LL-BFRRE also demonstrated greater increase in testosterone responses compared to late LL-FFRE. CONCLUSION These results indicate that LL-BFRRE can induce increased or similar hormone and immune responses compared to LL-FFRE and HL-FFRE along with attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Hjortshoej
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - P. Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - C. D. Storgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - H. Juneja
- Centre for Health and RehabilitationUniversity College AbsalonSlagelseDenmark
| | - J. Lundbye‐Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - S. P. Magnusson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - C. Couppé
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physical and Occupational TherapyBispebjerg and Frederiksberg University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
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Lörchner H, Cañes Esteve L, Góes ME, Harzenetter R, Brachmann N, Gajawada P, Günther S, Doll N, Pöling J, Braun T. Neutrophils for Revascularization Require Activation of CCR6 and CCL20 by TNFα. Circ Res 2023; 133:592-610. [PMID: 37641931 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of immune-inflammatory pathways involving TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) signaling is critical for revascularization and peripheral muscle tissue repair after ischemic injury. However, mechanisms of TNFα-driven inflammatory cascades directing recruitment of proangiogenic immune cells to sites of ischemia are unknown. METHODS Muscle tissue revascularization after permanent femoral artery ligation was monitored in mutant mice by laser Doppler imaging and light sheet fluorescence microscopy. TNFα-mediated signaling and the role of the CCL20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20)-CCR6 (C-C chemokine receptor 6) axis for formation of new vessels was studied in vitro and in vivo using bone marrow transplantation, flow cytometry, as well as biochemical and molecular biological techniques. RESULTS TNFα-mediated activation of TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) 1 but not TNFR2 was found to be required for postischemic muscle tissue revascularization. Bone marrow-derived CCR6+ neutrophil granulocytes were identified as a previously undescribed TNFα-induced population of proangiogenic neutrophils, characterized by increased expression of VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A). Mechanistically, postischemic activation of TNFR1 induced expression of the CCL20 in vascular cells and promoted translocation of the CCL20 receptor CCR6 to the cell surface of neutrophils, essentially conditioning VEGFA-expressing proangiogenic neutrophils for CCL20-dependent recruitment to sites of ischemia. Moreover, impaired revascularization of ischemic peripheral muscle tissue in diabetic mice was associated with reduced numbers of proangiogenic neutrophils and diminished CCL20 expression. Administration of recombinant CCL20 enhanced recruitment of proangiogenic neutrophils and improved revascularization of diabetic ischemic skeletal muscles, which was sustained by sequential treatment with fluvastatin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that site-specific activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis via TNFα recruits proangiogenic VEGFA-expressing neutrophils to sites of ischemic injury for initiation of muscle tissue revascularization. The findings provide an attractive option for tissue revascularization, particularly under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Lörchner
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.L., J.P.)
| | - Laia Cañes Esteve
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
| | - Maria Elisa Góes
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
| | - Roxanne Harzenetter
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
| | - Nathalie Brachmann
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
| | - Praveen Gajawada
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany (P.G.)
| | - Stefan Günther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
| | - Nicolas Doll
- Schüchtermann-Klinik, Bad Rothenfelde, Germany (N.D., J.P.)
| | - Jochen Pöling
- Schüchtermann-Klinik, Bad Rothenfelde, Germany (N.D., J.P.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany (H.L., J.P.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (H.L., L.C.E., M.E.G., R.H., N.B., S.G., T.B.)
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Kim HB, Seo MW, Jung HC. Effects of Aerobic vs. Resistance Exercise on Vascular Function and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2479. [PMID: 37761675 PMCID: PMC10530817 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of exercise (aerobic vs. resistance) on vascular function and vascular endothelial growth factor in older women. Forty-three older women, aged 65-75 years old, voluntarily participated in this study. All participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: aerobic exercise (AE; n = 14), resistance exercise (RE; n = 15), and control (CG; n = 14) groups. All participants in the exercise groups performed their respective exercises for 60 min/day, three days/week, for 16 weeks. The intensity of aerobic and resistance exercises was determined using the individual heart rate reserve (40-60%) and RPE (12-13), respectively. The vascular function test included the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), carotid artery blood flow volume, and velocity. Participants' blood samples were collected to analyze the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A significance level of 0.05 was set. Our results showed that ba-PWV improved following both AE (14.5%) and RE groups (11.1%) (all p < 0.05). Increases in carotid blood flow volume (AE: 15.4%, RE: 18.6%) and total artery peak velocity (AE: 20.4%, RE: 17%) were observed in AE and RE groups (p < 0.05), while flow total artery mean velocity (36.2%) and peak velocities (20.5%) were only increased in the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). VEGF was increased after resistance exercise (p < 0.05). Overall, aerobic exercise provides greater benefits on vascular function than resistance exercise but further research is needed on VEGF regarding whether this change is associated with vascular function improvement in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bae Kim
- Department of Korean Sports Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyengsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Departments of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Cartmel B, Li F, Zhou Y, Gottlieb L, Lu L, Mszar R, Harrigan M, Ligibel JA, Gogoi R, Schwartz PE, Risch HA, Irwin ML. Randomized trial of exercise on cancer-related blood biomarkers and survival in women with ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15492-15503. [PMID: 37269192 PMCID: PMC10417064 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In randomized trials in women with breast cancer, exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on cancer-related circulating biomarkers that may impact survival. Such studies are lacking for ovarian cancer. METHODS This secondary analysis of a published randomized controlled trial examined the impact of a 6-month exercise intervention versus attention-control on change in prespecified circulating biomarkers (cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), insulin and leptin) in a subset of participants who provided a fasting blood draw (N = 104/144) at enrollment and at 6 months. Change in biomarkers between study arms was compared using a linear mixed effects model analysis. An exploratory analysis of the exercise intervention versus attention-control on all-cause mortality included all (N = 144) participants. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Participants included in the biomarker analysis were 57.0 ± 8.8 (mean ± SD) years old and 1.6 ± 0.9 years post-diagnosis. Adherence to the exercise intervention was 176.4 ± 63.5 min/week. Post intervention IGF-1 (group difference in change: -14.2 (-26.1 to -2.3) ng/mL (least squared means (95% CI))) and leptin (-8.9 (-16.5 to -1.4) ng/mL) were significantly reduced in the exercise group (N = 53) compared to those in attention-control (N = 51). No group difference in change was seen for CA-125 (p = 0.54), CRP (p = 0.95), or insulin (p = 0.37). With median follow-up of 70 months [range 6.6-105.4 months], 50/144 (34.7%) (exercise group; 24/74 (32.4%) versus attention-control group; 26/70 (37.1%)) participants died with no between group difference in overall survival (p = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of exercise-induced changes in cancer-related circulating biomarkers in women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Cartmel
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Fang‐yong Li
- Department of BiostatisticsYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Linda Gottlieb
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Reed Mszar
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Maura Harrigan
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Jennifer A. Ligibel
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- Gynecologic Oncology, Women and Children's InstituteGeisinger Health SystemDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Peter E. Schwartz
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Melinda L. Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Yale Cancer CenterNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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Roch PJ, Wolgast V, Gebhardt MM, Böker KO, Hoffmann DB, Saul D, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Combination of selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators in orchiectomized rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1555-1568. [PMID: 35429299 PMCID: PMC9270269 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators, ostarine (OST) and raloxifen (RAL), reportedly improve muscle tissue and offer therapeutic approaches to muscle maintenance in the elderly. The present study evaluated the effects of OST and RAL and their combination on musculoskeletal tissue in orchiectomized rats. METHODS Eight-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were analyzed. Experiment I: (1) Untreated non-orchiectomized rats (Non-ORX), (2) untreated orchiectomized rats (ORX), (3) ORX rats treated with OST during weeks 0-18 (OST-P), (4) ORX rats treated with OST during weeks 12-18 (OST-T). Experiment II: 1) Non-ORX, (2) ORX, 3) OST-P, (4) ORX rats treated with RAL, during weeks 0-18 (RAL-P), 5) ORX rats treated with OST + RAL, weeks 0-18 (OST + RAL-P). The average daily doses of OST and RAL were 0.4 and 7 mg/kg body weight (BW). Weight, fiber size, and capillarization of muscles, gene expression, serum markers and the lumbar vertebral body were analyzed. RESULTS OST-P exerted favorable effects on muscle weight, expression of myostatin and insulin growth factor-1, but increased prostate weight. OST-T partially improved muscle parameters, showing less effect on the prostate. RAL-P did not show anabolic effects on muscles but improved body constitution by reducing abdominal area, food intake, and BW. OST + RAL-P had an anabolic impact on muscle, reduced androgenic effect on the prostate, and normalized food intake. OST and RAL improved osteoporotic bone. CONCLUSIONS The OST + RAL treatment appeared to be a promising option in the treatment of androgen-deficient conditions and showed fewer side effects than the respective single treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - V. Wolgast
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M.-M. Gebhardt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. O. Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D. B. Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D. Saul
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Kogod Center On Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - A. F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Albrecht ED, Aberdeen GW, Babischkin JS, Prior SJ, Lynch TJ, Baranyk IA, Pepe GJ. Estrogen Promotes Microvascularization in the Fetus and Thus Vascular Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Offspring. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6553898. [PMID: 35325097 PMCID: PMC9272192 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that normal weight offspring born to estrogen-deprived baboons exhibited insulin resistance, although liver and adipose function and insulin receptor and glucose transporter expression were unaltered. The blood microvessels have an important role in insulin action by delivering insulin and glucose to target cells. Although little is known about the regulation of microvessel development during fetal life, estrogen promotes capillary proliferation and vascular function in the adult. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen promotes fetal microvessel development and thus vascular function and insulin sensitivity in offspring. Capillary/myofiber ratio was decreased 75% (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle, a major insulin target tissue, of fetal baboons in which estradiol levels were depleted by administration of aromatase inhibitor letrozole. This was sustained after birth, resulting in a 50% reduction (P < 0.01) in microvessel expansion; 65% decrease (P < 0.01) in arterial flow-mediated dilation, indicative of vascular endothelial dysfunction; and 35% increase (P < 0.01) in blood pressure in offspring from estrogen-deprived baboons, changes prevented by letrozole and estradiol administration. Along with vascular dysfunction, peak insulin and glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test were greater (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance 2-fold higher (P < 0.01) in offspring of letrozole-treated than untreated animals, indicative of insulin resistance. This study makes the novel discovery that estrogen promotes microvascularization in the fetus and thus normal vascular development and function required for eliciting insulin sensitivity in offspring and that placental hormonal secretions, independent from improper fetal growth, are an important determinant of risk of developing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene D Albrecht
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence: Eugene Albrecht, PhD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Laboratories 11-045A, 655 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Graham W Aberdeen
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffery S Babischkin
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Terrie J Lynch
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Irene A Baranyk
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald J Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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11
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Sirago G, Toniolo L, Crea E, Giacomello E. A short-term treatment with resveratrol improves the inflammatory conditions of Middle-aged mice skeletal muscles. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:630-637. [PMID: 35042437 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2027889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia starts around the age of 40, causes the loss of 8% of muscle mass every 10 years, and is accompanied by functional deficit, chronic low-grade inflammation, and can result in several negative health outcomes. Considering the early and gradual onset of sarcopenia, the time window of the potential interventions could be crucial for the exertion of a beneficial effect. We recently showed that the long-term supplementation with Resveratrol contrasts sarcopenia in naturally ageing C57BL/6 mice. Aiming to understand the effects of a short term treatment, we administered intraperitoneally middle aged male mice with 20 mg/kg body weight Resveratrol daily for 5 weeks. Although we could not observe major differences in the histological properties of SKMs, we detected a significant decrease of Cox-2 in RES-treated muscles, confirming the anti-inflammatory action of Resveratrol, and suggesting that its anti-inflammatory action precedes modifications to SKM fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sirago
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuela Crea
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Schilling BK, Baker JS, Komatsu C, Marra KG. Intramuscular injection of skeletal muscle derived extracellular matrix mitigates denervation atrophy after sciatic nerve transection. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211032491. [PMID: 34567507 PMCID: PMC8458676 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury and the associated muscle atrophy has an estimated annual healthcare burden of $150 billion dollars in the United States. When considering the total annual health-related spending of $3.5 trillion, these pathologies alone occupy about 4.3%. The prevalence of these ailments is rooted, at least in part, in the lack of specific preventative therapies that can be administered to muscle while it remains in the denervated state. To address this, skeletal muscle-derived ECM (skECM) was injected directly in denervated muscle with postoperative analysis performed at 20 weeks, including gait analysis, force production, cytokine quantification, and histological analysis. skECM was shown to be superior against non-injected muscle controls showing no difference in contraction force to uninjured muscle at 20 weeks. Cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and IFNγ appeared to mediate regeneration with statistical regression implicating these cytokines as strong predictors of muscle contraction, showing significant linear correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Schilling
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jocelyn S Baker
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Gliemann L, Rytter N, Jørgensen TS, Piil P, Carter H, Nyberg M, Grassi M, Daumer M, Hellsten Y. The Impact of Lower Limb Immobilization and Rehabilitation on Angiogenic Proteins and Capillarization in Skeletal Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1797-1806. [PMID: 33787530 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Skeletal muscle vascularization is important for tissue regeneration after injury and immobilization. We examined whether complete immobilization influences capillarization and oxygen delivery to the muscle and assessed the efficacy of rehabilitation by aerobic exercise training. METHODS Young healthy males had one leg immobilized for 14 d and subsequently completed 4 wk of intense aerobic exercise training. Biopsies were obtained from musculus vastus lateralis, and arteriovenous blood sampling for assessment of oxygen extraction and leg blood flow during exercise was done before and after immobilization and training. Muscle capillarization, muscle and platelet content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and muscle thrombospondin-1 were determined. RESULTS Immobilization did not have a significant impact on capillary per fiber ratio or capillary density. The content of VEGF protein in muscle samples was reduced by 36% (P = 0.024), and VEGF to thrombospondin-1 ratio was 94% lower (P = 0.046). The subsequent 4-wk training period increased the muscle VEGF content and normalized the muscle VEGF to thrombospondin-1 ratio but did not influence capillarization. Platelet VEGF content followed the trend of muscle VEGF. At the functional level, oxygen extraction, blood flow, and oxygen delivery at rest and during submaximal exercise were not affected by immobilization or training. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that just 2 wk of leg immobilization leads to a strongly reduced angiogenic potential as evidenced by reduced muscle and platelet VEGF content and a reduced muscle VEGF to thrombospondin-1 ratio. Moreover, a subsequent period of intensive aerobic exercise training fails to increase capillarization in the previously immobilized leg, possibly because of the angiostatic condition caused by immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Nicolai Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Tue Smith Jørgensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Peter Piil
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Howard Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Marcello Grassi
- Technical University of Munich, Germany. Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Munich, GERMANY
| | - Martin Daumer
- Technical University of Munich, Germany. Sylvia Lawry Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Munich, GERMANY
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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14
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Gliemann L, Rytter N, Yujia L, Tamariz-Ellemann A, Carter H, Hellsten Y. A High Activity Level Is Required for Augmented Muscle Capillarization in Older Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:894-903. [PMID: 33844669 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lifelong regular physical activity on skeletal muscle capillarization in women. METHODS Postmenopausal women, 61±4 yr old, were divided according to self-reported physical activity level over the past 20 yrs: sedentary (SED; n = 14), moderately active (MOD; n = 12), and very active (VERY; n = 15). Leg blood flow (LBF) was determined by ultrasound Doppler, and blood samples were drawn from the femoral artery and vein for calculation of leg oxygen uptake (LVO2) at rest and during one-legged knee extensor exercise. A skeletal muscle biopsy was obtained from the vastus lateralis and analyzed for capillarization and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mitochondrial OXPHOS proteins. Platelets were isolated from venous blood and analyzed for VEGF content and effect on endothelial cell proliferation. RESULTS The exercise-induced rise in LBF and LVO2 was faster (P = 0.008) in VERY compared with SED and MOD. Steady-state LBF and LVO2 were lower (P < 0.04) in MOD and VERY compared with SED. Capillary-fiber ratio and capillary density were greater (P < 0.03) in VERY (1.65 ± 0.48 and 409.3 ± 57.5) compared with MOD (1.30 ± 0.19 and 365.0 ± 40.2) and SED (1.30 ± 0.30 and 356.2 ± 66.3). Skeletal muscle VEGF and OXPHOS complexes I, II, and V were ~1.6-fold and ~1.25-fold (P < 0.01) higher, respectively, in VERY compared with SED. Platelets from all groups induced an approximately nine-fold (P < 0.001) increase in endothelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSION A very active lifestyle is associated with superior skeletal muscle exercise hemodynamics and greater potential for oxygen extraction concurrent with a higher skeletal muscle capillarization and mitochondrial capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Nicolai Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | | | | | - Howard Carter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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15
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Effect of Age and Acute Exercise on Circulating Angioregulatory Factors. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:423-430. [PMID: 33091872 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The balance of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiostatic factors, like thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and endostatin, controls striated muscle angiogenic responses to exercise training. The effect of age on circulating levels of these factors following a bout of exercise is unclear. The authors hypothesized that older adults would have lower circulating VEGF but higher TSP-1 and endostatin after exercise compared with young adults. Ten young and nine older participants cycled for 45 min at 60% estimated HRmax. Serum [VEGF], [TSP-1], and [endostatin] obtained before (PREX), immediately after (POSTX0), and 3 hr after (POSTX3) exercise were analyzed. [VEGF] increased in older adults only from PREX to POSTX0 (p < .05). [TSP-1] increased in both age groups (p < .05). There was no effect of age or exercise on [endostatin]. In conclusion, immediately after exercise, both groups had a similar increase in [TSP-1], but [VEGF] increased in older adults only.
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16
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Santos LCDS, Lapa Neto CJC, Santos AMGD, Marinho KSDN, Nascimento BJD, Alves ER, Teixeir ÁAC, Wanderley-Teixeira V. Immunohistochemical and histophysiological study of prolonged use of nandrolone on reproductive organs and fertility. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:468-486. [PMID: 32981356 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1822545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated possible changes in morphology and immunohistochemistry of the uterus and ovaries of rats caused by nandrolone (ND); we also investigated effects on fertility. We used 30 rats divided into three experimental groups: control (C), control vehicle (CV) and 5 mg/kg ND. Rats treated with ND exhibited loss of estrous cyclicity with predominance of the estrus phase, increased body weight and an organosomatic index that was decreased for the ovaries, but increased for the uterus. In the ovary, we observed a reduction in primary and secondary follicles and an increase in tertiary follicles; no corpora lutea were observed. Estrogen and progesterone levels were reduced. In the uterus, the endometrium was edematous with hyperplasic glands. The cytokines, TNFα and IL6, and the apoptotic index were increased in rats treated with ND. VEGF-A was increased in the ovaries and decreased in the uterus. We conclude that ND disrupts ovarian and uterine histophysiology by establishing an anovulatory and inflammatory condition, which directly affects reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno José do Nascimento
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Erique Ricardo Alves
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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17
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Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Jensen KY, Prokhorova TA, Dalgaard LB, Bech RD, Nygaard T, Suetta C, Aagaard P. Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Changes in Response to Short-Term Blood Flow Restricted Training-Exercise-Induced Adaptations and Signs of Perivascular Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32595516 PMCID: PMC7303802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Previous reports suggest that low-load muscle exercise performed under blood flow restriction (BFR) may lead to endurance adaptations. However, only few and conflicting results exist on the magnitude and timing of microvascular adaptations, overall indicating a lack of angiogenesis with BFR training. The present study, therefore, aimed to examine the effect of short-term high-frequency BFR training on human skeletal muscle vascularization. Methods: Participants completed 3 weeks of high-frequency (one to two daily sessions) training consisting of either BFR exercise [(BFRE) n = 10, 22.8 ± 2.3 years; 20% one-repetition maximum (1RM), 100 mmHg] performed to concentric failure or work-matched free-flow exercise [(CON) n = 8, 21.9 ± 3.0 years; 20% 1RM]. Muscle biopsies [vastus lateralis (VL)] were obtained at baseline, 8 days into the intervention, and 3 and 10 days after cessation of the intervention to examine capillary and perivascular adaptations, as well as angiogenesis-related protein signaling and gene expression. Results: Capillary per myofiber and capillary area (CA) increased 21–24 and 25–34%, respectively, in response to BFRE (P < 0.05–0.01), while capillary density (CD) remained unchanged. Overall, these adaptations led to a consistent elevation (15–16%) in the capillary-to-muscle area ratio following BFRE (P < 0.05–0.01). In addition, evaluation of perivascular properties indicated thickening of the perivascular basal membrane following BFRE. No or only minor changes were observed in CON. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that short-term high-frequency, low-load BFRE can lead to microvascular adaptations (i.e., capillary neoformation and changes in morphology), which may contribute to the endurance effects previously documented with BFR training. The observation of perivascular membrane thickening suggests that high-frequency BFRE may be associated with significant vascular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Y Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tatyana A Prokhorova
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line B Dalgaard
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune D Bech
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nygaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Brenner DR, Ruan Y, Adams SC, Courneya KS, Friedenreich CM. The impact of exercise on growth factors (VEGF and FGF2): results from a 12-month randomized intervention trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 16:8. [PMID: 31285780 PMCID: PMC6589878 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) are angiogenic cytokines in normal tissues and tumors. Evidence suggests that increased growth factor expression in adipose tissue leads to improved vascularity and decreased hypoxia, fibrosis, and inflammation, which may, in turn, reduce post-menopausal breast cancer risk. Objective We investigated whether or not exercise had dose-response effects on levels of plasma VEGF and FGF2 in postmenopausal women. Methods Four hundred previously inactive but healthy postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years of age were randomized to 150 or 300 min per week of aerobic exercise in a year-long exercise intervention. VEGF and FGF2 were measured from fasting serum samples with a custom-plex multiplex assay. Results A high compared to moderate volume of aerobic exercise did not cause chronic changes in plasma VEGF or FGF2 levels in intention-to-treat or per-protocol analyses. Conclusions We did not detect differences in growth factor levels related to increasing doses of exercise. It is unlikely that changes in VEGF and FGF2 levels mediate the reduction in risk of post-menopausal breast cancer development in associated with increased levels of exercise. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01435005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- 1Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,2Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,3Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre - Room 513C, Box ACB, 2210 - 2nd St. SW, Calgary, Alberta T2S 3C3 Canada
| | - Yibing Ruan
- 1Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Scott C Adams
- 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- 1Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,2Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada.,3Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Holy Cross Centre - Room 513C, Box ACB, 2210 - 2nd St. SW, Calgary, Alberta T2S 3C3 Canada
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19
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Hendrickse P, Degens H. The role of the microcirculation in muscle function and plasticity. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:127-140. [PMID: 31165949 PMCID: PMC6726668 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that maintenance of muscle, size, strength and endurance is necessary for quality of life and the role that skeletal muscle microcirculation plays in muscle health is becoming increasingly clear. Here we discuss the role that skeletal muscle microcirculation plays in muscle function and plasticity. Besides the density of the capillary network, also the distribution of capillaries is crucial for adequate muscle oxygenation. While capillaries are important for oxygen delivery, the capillary supply to a fibre is related to fibre size rather than oxidative capacity. This link between fibre size and capillary supply is also reflected by the similar time course of hypertrophy and angiogenesis, and the cross-talk between capillaries and satellite cells. A dense vascular network may in fact be more important for a swift repair of muscle damage than the abundance of satellite cells and a lower capillary density may also attenuate the hypertrophic response. Capillary rarefaction does not only occur during ageing, but also during conditions as chronic heart failure, where endothelial apoptosis has been reported to precede muscle atrophy. It has been suggested that capillary rarefaction precedes sarcopenia. If so, stimulation of angiogenesis by for instance endurance training before a hypertrophic stimulus may enhance the hypertrophic response. The microcirculation may thus well be a little-explored target to improve muscle function and the success of rehabilitation programmes during ageing and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hendrickse
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building; Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.,Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Hans Degens
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building; Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. .,Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania. .,University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania.
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Tang X, Daneshmandi L, Awale G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:233-251. [PMID: 33778155 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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21
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka M, Ikeji T, Maeshige N, Sakai Y, Akisue T, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Application of transcutaneous carbon dioxide improves capillary regression of skeletal muscle in hyperglycemia. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:317-326. [PMID: 30478742 PMCID: PMC10717691 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of transcutaneous CO2 application on the blood flow and capillary architecture of the soleus muscle in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, control + CO2-treated, STZ-induced hyperglycemia, and STZ-induced hyperglycemia + CO2-treated groups. Blood flow in soleus muscle increased during the transcutaneous CO2 exposure, and continued to increase for 30 min after the treatment. In addition, the transcutaneous CO2 attenuated a decrease in capillary and the expression level of eNOS and VEGF protein, and an increase in the expression level of MDM-2 and TSP-1 protein of soleus muscle due to STZ-induced hyperglycemia. These results indicate that the application of transcutaneous CO2 could improve capillary regression via the change of pro- and anti-angiogenesis factors, which might be induced by an increase in blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Matsumoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University of Human Sciences, 1-4-1 Shojaku, Settsu, Osaka, 566-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Ikeji
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, 4-21 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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22
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Saul D, Harlas B, Ahrabi A, Kosinsky RL, Hoffmann DB, Wassmann M, Wigger R, Böker KO, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Effect of Strontium Ranelate on the Muscle and Vertebrae of Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:705-719. [PMID: 29242963 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is often accompanied by sarcopenia. The effect of strontium ranelate (SR) on muscle tissue has not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, the effect of different SR treatments on muscle was studied. Additionally, the lumbar vertebrae were analyzed. Three-month-old female rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): Group 1: untreated (NON-OVX); Group 2: ovariectomized and left untreated (OVX); Group 3: SR after OVX until the study ended (13 weeks, SR prophylaxis and therapy = pr+th); Group 4: OVX and SR for 8 weeks (SR prophylaxis = pr); Group 5: SR for 5 weeks from the 8 week after OVX (SR therapy = SR th). SR was applied in food (630 mg/kg body weight). The size of muscle fibers, capillary density, metabolic enzymes, and mRNA expression were assessed in soleus, gastrocnemius, and longissimus muscles. The vertebral bodies underwent micro-CT, biomechanical, and ashing analyses. In general, SR did not alter the muscle histological parameters. The changes in fiber size and capillary ratio were related to the body weight. Myostatin mRNA was decreased in Sr pr+th; protein expression was not changed. SR th led to increase in mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf-B). In lumbar spine, SR pr+th enhanced biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, trabecular area, density, and thickness and cortical density. The reduced calcium/phosphate ratio in the SR pr+th group indicates the replacement of calcium by strontium ions. SR has no adverse effects on muscle tissue and it shows a favorable time-dependent effect on vertebrae. A functional analysis of muscles could verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saul
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - B Harlas
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - A Ahrabi
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - R L Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - M Wassmann
- Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Goettingen, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - R Wigger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Goettingen, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany.
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Mortensen SP, Egginton S, Madsen M, Hansen JB, Munch GDW, Iepsen UW, Åkerström T, Pedersen BK, Hellsten Y. Alpha adrenergic receptor blockade increases capillarization and fractional O 2 extraction and lowers blood flow in contracting human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 221:32-43. [PMID: 28199786 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of elevated basal shear stress on angiogenesis in humans and the role of enhanced skeletal muscle capillarization on blood flow and O2 extraction. METHODS Limb haemodynamics and O2 extraction were measured at rest and during one-leg knee-extensor exercise (12 and 24 W) in 10 healthy untrained young men before and after 4-week treatment with an α1 receptor-antagonist (Terazosin, 1-2 mg day-1 ). Corresponding biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis. RESULTS Resting leg blood flow was increased by 57% 6 h following Terazosin treatment (P < 0.05), while basal capillary-to-fibre ratio was 1.69 ± 0.08 and increased to 1.90 ± 0.08 after treatment (P < 0.05). Leg O2 extraction during knee-extensor exercise was higher (4-5%; P < 0.05), leg blood flow and venous lactate levels lower (6-7%; P < 0.05), while leg VO2 was not different after Terazosin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that daily treatment with an α-adrenergic receptor blocker induces capillary growth in human skeletal muscle, likely due to increased shear stress. The increase in capillarization resulted in an increased fractional O2 extraction, a lower blood flow and venous lactate levels in the exercising leg. The increase in capillarization, and concomitant functional readouts in the exercising leg, may provide a basis for novel angiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Mortensen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - S. Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - M. Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. B. Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - G. D. W. Munch
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - U. W. Iepsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. Åkerström
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B. K. Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research; Rigshospitalet; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Y. Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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24
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Sinha I, Sakthivel D, Olenchock BA, Kruse CR, Williams J, Varon DE, Smith JD, Madenci AL, Nuutila K, Wagers AJ. Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-2 Inhibition Improves Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in a Male Murine Model of Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28725215 PMCID: PMC5497248 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to a loss of muscle mass and impaired muscle regeneration. In obese individuals, pathologically elevated levels of prolyl hydroxylase domain enzyme 2 (PHD2) limit skeletal muscle hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Loss of local VEGF may further impair skeletal muscle regeneration. We hypothesized that PHD2 inhibition would restore vigorous muscle regeneration in a murine model of obesity. Adult (22-week-old) male mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD), with 60% of calories derived from fat, or a regular diet (RD), with 10% of calories derived from fat, for 16 weeks. On day 5 following cryoinjury to the tibialis anterior muscle, newly regenerated muscle fiber cross-sectional areas were significantly smaller in mice fed an HFD as compared to RD, indicating an impaired regenerative response. Cryoinjured gastrocnemius muscles of HFD mice also showed elevated PHD2 levels (twofold higher) and reduced VEGF levels (twofold lower) as compared to RD. Dimethyloxalylglycine, a cell permeable competitive inhibitor of PHD2, restored VEGF levels and significantly improved regenerating myofiber size in cryoinjured mice fed an HFD. We conclude that pathologically increased PHD2 in the obese state drives impairments in muscle regeneration, in part by blunting VEGF production. Inhibition of PHD2 over activity in the obese state normalizes VEGF levels and restores muscle regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Indranil Sinha, ; Amy J. Wagers,
| | - Dharaniya Sakthivel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Olenchock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carla R. Kruse
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeremy Williams
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David E. Varon
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica D. Smith
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arin L. Madenci
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Indranil Sinha, ; Amy J. Wagers,
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25
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Zuo L, Chuang CC, Clark AD, Garrison DE, Kuhlman JL, Sypert DC. Reactive Oxygen Species in COPD-Related Vascular Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 967:399-411. [PMID: 29047102 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifaceted process involving the alteration of pulmonary vasculature. Such vascular remodeling can be associated with inflammation, shear stress, and hypoxia-conditions commonly seen in patients with lung diseases. Particularly, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the diseased lungs contributes greatly to pulmonary vascular remodeling. ROS play an important role in vascular homeostasis, yet excessive ROS can alter pulmonary vasculature and impair lung function, as implicated in COPD at all stages. Increased inflammatory cell infiltration and endothelial dysfunction both correspond to the severity of COPD. As a byproduct of vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension negatively affects the long-term survival rate of COPD patients. While there is currently no cure for COPD, several treatment options have focused on alleviating COPD symptoms. Interventions such as long-term oxygen therapy, endothelium-targeted treatment, and pharmacological therapies show promising results in improving the life span of COPD patients and attenuating the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the contributing factors of pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD with an emphasis on the ROS, as well as potential redox treatments for COPD-related vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander D Clark
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Davis E Garrison
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jamie L Kuhlman
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David C Sypert
- Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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26
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Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ in skeletal muscle physiology. Biochimie 2016; 136:42-48. [PMID: 27916646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than two decades of studying Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) has led to an understanding of their implications in various physiological processes that are key for health and disease. All three PPAR isotypes, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues. The hypolipidemic and antidiabetic functions of PPARα and PPARγ in response to fibrate and thiazolidinedione treatment, respectively, are well documented. However, until more recently the functions of PPARβ/δ were less well defined, but are now becoming more recognized in fatty acid metabolism, energy expenditure, and tissue repair. Skeletal muscle is an active metabolic organ with high plasticity for adaptive responses to varying conditions such as fasting or physical exercise. It is the major site of energy expenditure resulting from lipid and glucose catabolism. Here, we review the multifaceted roles of PPARβ/δ in skeletal muscle physiology.
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Egginton S, Hussain A, Hall-Jones J, Chaudhry B, Syeda F, Glen KE. Shear stress-induced angiogenesis in mouse muscle is independent of the vasodilator mechanism and quickly reversible. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 218:153-166. [PMID: 27261201 PMCID: PMC5082534 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Is modulation of skeletal muscle capillary supply by altering blood flow due to a presumptive shear stress response per se, or dependent on the vasodilator mechanism? METHODS The response to four different vasodilators, and cotreatment with blockers of NO and prostaglandin synthesis, was compared. Femoral artery blood flow was correlated with capillary-to-fibre ratio (C:F) and protein levels of putative angiogenic compounds. RESULTS All vasodilators induced a similar increase in blood flow after 14 days, with a similar effect on C:F (1.62 ± 0.05, 1.60 ± 0.01, 1.57 ± 0.06, 1.57 ± 0.07, respectively, all P < 0.05 vs. control 1.20 ± 0.01). Concomitant inhibitors revealed differential effects on blood flow and angiogenesis, demonstrating that a similar response may have different signalling origins. The time course of this response with the most commonly used vasodilator, prazosin, showed that blood flow increased from 0.40 mL min-1 to 0.61 mL min-1 by 28 days (P < 0.05), dropped within 1 week after the cessation of treatment (0.54 mL min-1 ; P < 0.05) and returned to control levels by 6 weeks. In parallel with FBF, capillary rarefaction began within 1 week (P < 0.05), giving C:F values similar to control by 2 weeks. Of the dominant signalling pathways, prazosin decreased muscle VEGF, but increased its cognate receptor Flk-1 (both P < 0.01); levels of eNOS varied with blood flow (P < 0.05), and Ang-1 initially increased, while its receptor Tie-2 was unchanged, with only modest changes in the antiangiogenic factor TSP-1. CONCLUSION Hyperaemia-induced angiogenesis, likely in response to elevated shear stress, is independent of the vasodilator involved, with a rapid induction and quick regression following the stimulus withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - A. Hussain
- Science Department; Denefield School; Reading UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Medical School; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - J. Hall-Jones
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Medical School; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - B. Chaudhry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Medical School; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - F. Syeda
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Medical School; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - K. E. Glen
- Centre for Biological Engineering; Loughborough University; Loughborough UK
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28
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Kuhlenhoelter AM, Kim K, Neff D, Nie Y, Blaize AN, Wong BJ, Kuang S, Stout J, Song Q, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Heat therapy promotes the expression of angiogenic regulators in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R377-91. [PMID: 27357800 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00134.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat therapy has been shown to promote capillary growth in skeletal muscle and in the heart in several animal models, but the effects of this therapy on angiogenic signaling in humans are unknown. We evaluated the acute effect of lower body heating (LBH) and unilateral thigh heating (TH) on the expression of angiogenic regulators and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in healthy young individuals. Exposure to LBH (n = 18) increased core temperature (Tc) from 36.9 ± 0.1 to 37.4 ± 0.1°C (P < 0.01) and average leg skin temperature (Tleg) from 33.1 ± 0.1 to 39.6 ± 0.1°C (P < 0.01), but did not alter the levels of circulating angiogenic cytokines and bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (CD34(+)CD133(+)). In skeletal muscle, the change in mRNA expression from baseline of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2), chemokines CCL2 and CX3CL1, platelet factor-4 (PF4), and several members of the HSP family was higher 30 min after the intervention in the individuals exposed to LBH (n = 11) compared with the control group (n = 12). LBH also reduced the expression of transcription factor FOXO1 (P = 0.03). Exposure to TH (n = 14) increased Tleg from 32.8 ± 0.2 to 40.3 ± 0.1°C (P < 0.05) but Tc remained unaltered (36.8 ± 0.1°C at baseline and 36.9 ± 0.1°C at 90 min). This intervention upregulated the expression of VEGF, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, CCL2, and HSPs in skeletal muscle but did not affect the levels of CX3CL1, FOXO-1, and PF4. These findings suggest that both LBH and TH increase the expression of factors associated with capillary growth in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Dustin Neff
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - A Nicole Blaize
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Julianne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Lafayette, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana;
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29
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Smythe G. Role of Growth Factors in Modulation of the Microvasculature in Adult Skeletal Muscle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:161-83. [PMID: 27003400 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-natal skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that has the capacity to regenerate rapidly following injury, and to undergo significant modification in tissue mass (i.e. atrophy/hypertrophy) in response to global metabolic changes. These processes are reliant largely on soluble factors that directly modulate muscle regeneration and mass. However, skeletal muscle function also depends on an adequate blood supply. Thus muscle regeneration and changes in muscle mass, particularly hypertrophy, also demand rapid changes in the microvasculature. Recent evidence clearly demonstrates a critical role for soluble growth factors in the tight regulation of angiogenic expansion of the muscle microvasculature. Furthermore, exogenous modulation of these factors has the capacity to impact directly on angiogenesis and thus, indirectly, on muscle regeneration, growth and performance. This chapter reviews recent developments in understanding the role of growth factors in modulating the skeletal muscle microvasculature, and the potential therapeutic applications of exogenous angiogenic and anti-angiogenic mediators in promoting effective growth and regeneration, and ameliorating certain diseases, of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle Smythe
- Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 789, 2640, Australia.
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30
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Landi A, Broadhurst D, Vernon SD, Tyrrell DLJ, Houghton M. Reductions in circulating levels of IL-16, IL-7 and VEGF-A in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Cytokine 2015; 78:27-36. [PMID: 26615570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, differences in the levels of various chemokines and cytokines were reported in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as compared with controls. Moreover, the analyte profile differed between chronic ME/CFS patients of long duration versus patients with disease of less than 3years. In the current study, we measured the plasma levels of 34 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in 100 chronic ME/CFS patients of long duration and in 79 gender and age-matched controls. We observed highly significant reductions in the concentration of circulating interleukin (IL)-16, IL-7, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) in ME/CFS patients. All three biomarkers were significantly correlated in a multivariate cluster analysis. In addition, we identified significant reductions in the concentrations of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and monokine-induced-by-IFN-γ (MIG; CXCL9) along with increases in the concentrations of eotaxin 2 (CCL24) in ME/CFS patients. Our data recapitulates previous data from another USA ME/CFS cohort in which circulating levels of IL-7 were reduced. Also, a reduced level of VEGF-A was reported previously in sera of patients with Gulf War Illness as well as in cerebral spinal fluid samples from a different cohort of USA ME/CFS patients. To our knowledge, we are the first to test for levels of IL-16 in ME/CFS patients. In combination with previous data, our work suggests that the clustered reduction of IL-7, IL-16 and VEGF-A may have physiological relevance to ME/CFS disease. This profile is ME/CFS-specific since measurement of the same analytes present in chronic infectious and autoimmune liver diseases, where persistent fatigue is also a major symptom, failed to demonstrate the same changes. Further studies of other ME/CFS and overlapping disease cohorts are warranted in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Landi
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Canada.
| | - David Broadhurst
- Department of Medicine, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Suzanne D Vernon
- Bateman Horne Center, 1002 E. South Temple, Suite 408, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
| | - D Lorne J Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Canada.
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31
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Aiken J, Roudier E, Ciccone J, Drouin G, Stromberg A, Vojnovic J, Olfert IM, Haas T, Gustafsson T, Grenier G, Birot O. Phosphorylation of murine double minute‐2 on Ser
166
is downstream of VEGF‐A in exercised skeletal muscle and regulates primary endothelial cell migration and
FoxO
gene expression. FASEB J 2015; 30:1120-34. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Aiken
- Faculty of HealthSchool of Kinesiology and Health ScienceAngiogenesis Research GroupYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- Faculty of HealthSchool of Kinesiology and Health ScienceAngiogenesis Research GroupYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joseph Ciccone
- Faculty of HealthSchool of Kinesiology and Health ScienceAngiogenesis Research GroupYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Genevieve Drouin
- Department of SurgeryUniversite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Anna Stromberg
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Jovana Vojnovic
- Faculty of HealthSchool of Kinesiology and Health ScienceAngiogenesis Research GroupYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - I. Mark Olfert
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences and Division of Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Tara Haas
- Faculty of HealthSchool of Kinesiology and Health ScienceAngiogenesis Research GroupYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical PhysiologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Olivier Birot
- Faculty of HealthSchool of Kinesiology and Health ScienceAngiogenesis Research GroupYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
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Monteiro-Junior RS, Cevada T, Oliveira BRR, Lattari E, Portugal EMM, Carvalho A, Deslandes AC. We need to move more: Neurobiological hypotheses of physical exercise as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2015. [PMID: 26209418 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in the world. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and chronic inflammation impair specific brain areas, which in turn result in lesser motor control, behavioral changes and cognitive decline. Nowadays, drug-treatments are the foremost approaches in treating PD. However, exercise has been shown to have powerful effects on PD, based on several neurobiological mechanisms. These effects may decrease the risk of developing PD by 33%. However, these mechanisms are unclear and little explored. Among several mechanisms, we propose two specific hypotheses: 1. Physical exercise reduces chronic oxidative stress and stimulates mitochondria biogenesis and up-regulation of authophagy in PD patients. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase) become more active and effective in response to physical exercise. 2. Exercise stimulates neurotransmitter (e.g. dopamine) and trophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, FGF-2, IGF-1, among others) synthesis. These neurochemical phenomena promote neuroplasticity, which, in turn, decreases neural apoptosis and may delay the neurodegeneration process, preventing or decreasing PD development and symptoms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Monteiro-Junior
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Brazilian Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laureate International Universities, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise (LaNEx), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Doctoral Program in Neurology - Neurosciences, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Science of Physical Activity, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Thais Cevada
- Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise (LaNEx), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Bruno R R Oliveira
- Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise (LaNEx), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Brazilian Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laureate International Universities, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Eduardo M M Portugal
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory of Brazilian Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laureate International Universities, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise (LaNEx), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Alessandro Carvalho
- Center of Study and Research of Ageing, Vital Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Deslandes
- Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise (LaNEx), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise (LaNEx), Psychiatry Institute of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Physical Education Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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da Silva ND, Roseguini BT, Chehuen M, Fernandes T, Mota GF, Martin PKM, Han SW, Forjaz CLM, Wolosker N, de Oliveira EM. Effects of oral N-acetylcysteine on walking capacity, leg reactive hyperemia, and inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in patients with intermittent claudication. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H897-905. [PMID: 26116711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00158.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to impaired walking capacity and endothelial dysfunction in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The goal of the study was to determine the effects of oral treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on walking capacity, leg postocclusive reactive hyperemia, circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, and whole blood expression of angiogenic mediators in patients with IC. Following a double-blinded randomized crossover design, 10 patients with IC received NAC (1,800 mg/day for 4 days plus 2,700 mg before the experimental session) and placebo (PLA) before undergoing a graded treadmill exercise test. Leg postocclusive reactive hyperemia was assessed before and after the test. Blood samples were taken before and after NAC or PLA ingestions and 5 and 30 min after the exercise test for the analysis of circulating inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Although NAC increased the plasma ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, there were no differences between experimental sessions for walking tolerance and postocclusive reactive hyperemia. Plasma concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion protein-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and endothelin-1 increased similarly following maximal exercise after PLA and NAC (P < 0.001). Whole blood expression of pro-angiogenic microRNA-126 increased after maximal exercise in the PLA session, but treatment with NAC prevented this response. Similarly, exercise-induced changes in whole blood expression of VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase R2 were blunted after NAC. In conclusion, oral NAC does not increase walking tolerance or leg blood flow in patients with IC. In addition, oral NAC prevents maximal exercise-induced increase in the expression of circulating microRNA-126 and other angiogenic mediators in patients with IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan D da Silva
- Department of Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Marcel Chehuen
- Department of Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Department of Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glória F Mota
- Department of Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila K M Martin
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Sang W Han
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Cláudia L M Forjaz
- Department of Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Wolosker
- Vascular and Endovascular Division, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M de Oliveira
- Department of Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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34
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Ma J, Wang H, Liu R, Jin L, Tang Q, Wang X, Jiang A, Hu Y, Li Z, Zhu L, Li R, Li M, Li X. The miRNA Transcriptome Directly Reflects the Physiological and Biochemical Differences between Red, White, and Intermediate Muscle Fiber Types. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9635-53. [PMID: 25938964 PMCID: PMC4463610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate their target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types that can be broadly classified as red, intermediate, and white. Recently, a set of miRNAs was found expressed in a fiber type-specific manner in red and white fiber types. However, an in-depth analysis of the miRNA transcriptome differences between all three fiber types has not been undertaken. Herein, we collected 15 porcine skeletal muscles from different anatomical locations, which were then clearly divided into red, white, and intermediate fiber type based on the ratios of myosin heavy chain isoforms. We further illustrated that three muscles, which typically represented each muscle fiber type (i.e., red: peroneal longus (PL), intermediate: psoas major muscle (PMM), white: longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM)), have distinct metabolic patterns of mitochondrial and glycolytic enzyme levels. Furthermore, we constructed small RNA libraries for PL, PMM, and LDM using a deep sequencing approach. Results showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in PL and played a vital role in myogenesis and energy metabolism. Overall, this comprehensive analysis will contribute to a better understanding of the miRNA regulatory mechanism that achieves the phenotypic diversity of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaodong Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zongwen Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
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35
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Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Mechanisms modulating skeletal muscle phenotype. Compr Physiol 2014; 3:1645-87. [PMID: 24265241 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of a variety of highly specialized fibers whose selective recruitment allows muscles to fulfill their diverse functional tasks. In addition, skeletal muscle fibers can change their structural and functional properties to perform new tasks or respond to new conditions. The adaptive changes of muscle fibers can occur in response to variations in the pattern of neural stimulation, loading conditions, availability of substrates, and hormonal signals. The new conditions can be detected by multiple sensors, from membrane receptors for hormones and cytokines, to metabolic sensors, which detect high-energy phosphate concentration, oxygen and oxygen free radicals, to calcium binding proteins, which sense variations in intracellular calcium induced by nerve activity, to load sensors located in the sarcomeric and sarcolemmal cytoskeleton. These sensors trigger cascades of signaling pathways which may ultimately lead to changes in fiber size and fiber type. Changes in fiber size reflect an imbalance in protein turnover with either protein accumulation, leading to muscle hypertrophy, or protein loss, with consequent muscle atrophy. Changes in fiber type reflect a reprogramming of gene transcription leading to a remodeling of fiber contractile properties (slow-fast transitions) or metabolic profile (glycolytic-oxidative transitions). While myonuclei are in postmitotic state, satellite cells represent a reserve of new nuclei and can be involved in the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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36
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Neels JG, Grimaldi PA. Physiological functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:795-858. [PMID: 24987006 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. PPARs regulate the transcription of a large variety of genes implicated in metabolism, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation in different cell types. These transcriptional regulations involve both direct transactivation and interaction with other transcriptional regulatory pathways. The functions of PPARα and PPARγ have been extensively documented mainly because these isoforms are activated by molecules clinically used as hypolipidemic and antidiabetic compounds. The physiological functions of PPARβ remained for a while less investigated, but the finding that specific synthetic agonists exert beneficial actions in obese subjects uplifted the studies aimed to elucidate the roles of this PPAR isoform. Intensive work based on pharmacological and genetic approaches and on the use of both in vitro and in vivo models has considerably improved our knowledge on the physiological roles of PPARβ in various cell types. This review will summarize the accumulated evidence for the implication of PPARβ in the regulation of development, metabolism, and inflammation in several tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and intestine. Some of these findings indicate that pharmacological activation of PPARβ could be envisioned as a therapeutic option for the correction of metabolic disorders and a variety of inflammatory conditions. However, other experimental data suggesting that activation of PPARβ could result in serious adverse effects, such as carcinogenesis and psoriasis, raise concerns about the clinical use of potent PPARβ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul A Grimaldi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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Flann KL, Rathbone CR, Cole LC, Liu X, Allen RE, Rhoads RP. Hypoxia simultaneously alters satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis and hepatocyte growth factor expression. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:572-9. [PMID: 24122166 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a multifaceted process requiring the spatial and temporal coordination of myogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a pivotal role in myogenesis by activating satellite cells (SC) in regenerating muscle and likely plays a role as a contributor to revascularization. Moreover, repair of a functional blood supply is critical to ameliorate tissue ischemia and restore skeletal muscle function, however effects of hypoxia on satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the role of HGF and effect of hypoxia on the capacity of satellite cells to promote angiogenesis. To characterize the role of HGF, a microvascular fragment (MVF) culture model coupled with satellite cell conditioned media (CM) was employed. The activity of HGF was specifically blocked in SC CM reducing sprout length compared to control CM. In contrast, MVF sprout number did not differ between control or HGF-deficient SC CM media. Next, we cultured MVF in the presence of CM from satellite cells exposed to normoxic (20% O2 ) or hypoxic (1% O2 ) conditions. Hypoxic CM recapitulated a MVF angiogenic response identical to HGF deficient satellite cell CM. Hypoxic conditions increased satellite cell HIF-1α protein abundance and VEGF mRNA abundance but decreased HGF mRNA abundance compared to normoxic satellite cells. Consistent with reduced HGF gene expression, HGF promoter activity decreased during hypoxia. Taken together, this data indicates that hypoxic modulation of satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis involves a reduction in satellite cell HGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Flann
- Physiological Sciences Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Morici G, Bonanno A, Licciardi A, Valli G, Passino C, Bonardi D, Locorotondo N, Profita M, Palange P, Cogo A, Bonsignore MR. Plasma leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in normal subjects at high altitude (5050 m). Arch Physiol Biochem 2013; 119:219-24. [PMID: 23862573 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.814679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT High altitude (HA) is a model of severe hypoxia exposure in humans. We hypothesized that nocturnal hypoxemia or acute maximal exercise at HA might affect plasma leptin and VEGF levels. OBJECTIVES Plasma leptin, VEGF and other metabolic variables were studied after nocturnal pulse oximetry and after maximal exercise in healthy lowlanders on the 3rd-4th day of stay in Lobuche (5050 m, HA) and after return to sea level (SL). RESULTS Leptin was similar at SL or HA in both pre- and post-exercise conditions. Pre-exercise VEGF at HA was lower, and cortisol was higher, than at SL, suggesting that nocturnal intermittent hypoxia associated with periodic breathing at HA might affect these variables. CONCLUSIONS Leptin levels appear unaffected at HA, whereas nocturnal hypoxic stress may affect plasma VEGF. Future HA studies should investigate the possible role of nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morici
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (BIONeC), University of Palermo , Italy
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39
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Specialization of mitochondrial and vascular oxidant modulated VEGFR in the denervated skeletal muscle. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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40
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Versluis B, Leiner T, Nelemans PJ, Wildberger JE, Schurink GW, Backes WH. Magnetic resonance imaging-based monitoring of collateral artery development in patients with intermittent claudication during supervised exercise therapy. J Vasc Surg 2013; 58:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Hoier B, Walker M, Passos M, Walker PJ, Green A, Bangsbo J, Askew CD, Hellsten Y. Angiogenic response to passive movement and active exercise in individuals with peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1777-87. [PMID: 24157526 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00979.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis and is associated with microcirculatory impairments in skeletal muscle. The present study evaluated the angiogenic response to exercise and passive movement in skeletal muscle of PAD patients compared with healthy control subjects. Twenty-one PAD patients and 17 aged control subjects were randomly assigned to either a passive movement or an active exercise study. Interstitial fluid microdialysate and tissue samples were obtained from the thigh skeletal muscle. Muscle dialysate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were modestly increased in response to either passive movement or active exercise in both subject groups. The basal muscle dialysate level of the angiostatic factor thrombospondin-1 protein was markedly higher (P < 0.05) in PAD patients compared with the control subjects, whereas soluble VEGF receptor-1 dialysate levels were similar in the two groups. The basal VEGF protein content in the muscle tissue samples was ∼27% lower (P < 0.05) in the PAD patients compared with the control subjects. Analysis of mRNA expression for a range of angiogenic and angiostatic factors revealed a modest change with active exercise and passive movement in both groups, except for an increase (P < 0.05) in the ratio of angiopoietin-2 to angiopoietin-1 mRNA in the PAD group with both interventions. PAD patients and aged individuals showed a similar limited angiogenic response to active exercise and passive movement. The limited increase in muscle extracellular VEGF combined with an elevated basal level of thrombospondin-1 in muscle extracellular fluid of PAD patients may restrict capillary growth in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hoier
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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42
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Best TM, Gharaibeh B, Huard J. Republished: Stem cells, angiogenesis and muscle healing: a potential role in massage therapies? Postgrad Med J 2013; 89:666-70. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-091685rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Growth inhibition and compensation in response to neonatal hypoxia in rats. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:111-20. [PMID: 23842077 PMCID: PMC3737398 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia (Hx) is an important disease mechanism in prematurity, childhood asthma, and obesity. In children, Hx results in chronic inflammation. METHODS We investigated the effects of Hx (12% O2) during postnatal days 2-20 in rats. Control groups were normoxic control (Nc), and normoxic growth restricted (Gr) (14-pup litters). RESULTS The Hx-exposed and Gr rats had similar decreases in growth. Hx increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and decreased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Hx resulted in hypertrophy of the right ventricle (RV) but disproportionate decrements in limb skeletal muscle (SM) growth. miR-206 was depressed in the hypertrophied RV of Hx rats but was increased in growth-retarded SM. Hx resulted in decreased RV messenger RNA (mRNA) level for myostatin but had no effect on SM myostatin. The mRNA for Hx-sensitive factors such as hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) was depressed in the RV of Hx rats, suggesting negative feedback. CONCLUSION The results indicate that Hx induces a proinflammatory state that depresses growth-regulating mechanisms and that tissues critical for survival, such as the heart, can escape from this general regulatory program to sustain life. This study identifies accessible biomarkers for evaluating the impact of interventions designed to mitigate the long-term deleterious consequences of Hx that all too often occur in babies born prematurely.
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Hoier B, Prats C, Qvortrup K, Pilegaard H, Bangsbo J, Hellsten Y. Subcellular localization and mechanism of secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2013; 27:3496-504. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-224618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Hoier
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCore Facility of Integrated MicroscopyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCore Facility of Integrated MicroscopyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and SportUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Best TM, Gharaibeh B, Huard J. Stem cells, angiogenesis and muscle healing: a potential role in massage therapies? Br J Sports Med 2012. [PMID: 23197410 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries are among the most common and frequently disabling injuries sustained by athletes. Repair of injured skeletal muscle is an area that continues to present a challenge for sports medicine clinicians and researchers due, in part, to complete muscle recovery being compromised by development of fibrosis leading to loss of function and susceptibility to re-injury. Injured skeletal muscle goes through a series of coordinated and interrelated phases of healing including degeneration, inflammation, regeneration and fibrosis. Muscle regeneration initiated shortly after injury can be limited by fibrosis which affects the degree of recovery and predisposes the muscle to reinjury. It has been demonstrated in animal studies that antifibrotic agents that inactivate transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 have been effective at decreasing scar tissue formation. Several studies have also shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can increase the efficiency of skeletal muscle repair by increasing angiogenesis and, at the same time, reducing the accumulation of fibrosis. We have isolated and thoroughly characterised a population of skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) that enhance repair of damaged skeletal muscle fibres by directly differentiating into myofibres and secreting paracrine factors that promote tissue repair. Indeed, we have found that MDSCs transplanted into skeletal and cardiac muscles have been successful at repair probably because of their ability to secrete VEGF that works in a paracrine fashion. The application of these techniques to the study of sport-related muscle injuries awaits investigation. Other useful strategies to enhance skeletal muscle repair through increased vascularisation may include gene therapy, exercise, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and, potentially, massage therapy. Based on recent studies showing an accelerated recovery of muscle function from intense eccentric exercise through massage-based therapies, we believe that this treatment modality offers a practical and non-invasive form of therapy for skeletal muscle injuries. However, the biological mechanism(s) behind the beneficial effect of massage are still unclear and require further investigation using animal models and potentially randomised, human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health And Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Cocks M, Shaw CS, Shepherd SO, Fisher JP, Ranasinghe AM, Barker TA, Tipton KD, Wagenmakers AJM. Sprint interval and endurance training are equally effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males. J Physiol 2012; 591:641-56. [PMID: 22946099 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.239566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) has been proposed as a time efficient alternative to endurance training (ET) for increasing skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improving certain cardiovascular functions. In this study we sought to make the first comparisons of the structural and endothelial enzymatic changes in skeletal muscle microvessels in response to ET and SIT. Sixteen young sedentary males (age 21 ± SEM 0.7 years, BMI 23.8 ± SEM 0.7 kg m(-2)) were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of ET (40-60 min cycling at ∼65% , 5 times per week) or SIT (4-6 Wingate tests, 3 times per week). Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis before and following 60 min cycling at 65% to measure muscle microvascular endothelial eNOS content, eNOS serine(1177) phosphorylation, NOX2 content and capillarisation using quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy. Whole body insulin sensitivity, arterial stiffness and blood pressure were also assessed. ET and SIT increased skeletal muscle microvascular eNOS content (ET 14%; P < 0.05, SIT 36%; P < 0.05), with a significantly greater increase observed following SIT (P < 0.05). Sixty minutes of moderate intensity exercise increased eNOS ser(1177) phosphorylation in all instances (P < 0.05), but basal and post-exercise eNOS ser(1177) phosphorylation was lower following both training modes. All microscopy measures of skeletal muscle capillarisation (P < 0.05) were increased with SIT or ET, while neither endothelial nor sarcolemmal NOX2 was changed. Both training modes reduced aortic stiffness and increased whole body insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in sedentary males SIT and ET are effective in improving muscle microvascular density and eNOS protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Cocks
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Advances in the cellular and molecular biology of angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:1551-5. [PMID: 22103485 DOI: 10.1042/bst20110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillaries have been recognized for over a century as one of the most important components in regulating tissue oxygen transport, and their formation or angiogenesis a pivotal element of tissue remodelling during development and adaptation. Clinical interest stems from observations that both excessive and inadequate vascular growth plays a major role in human diseases, and novel developments in treatments for cancer and eye disease increasingly rely on anti-angiogenic therapies. Although the discovery of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) provided the first clue for specificity of signalling in endothelial cell activation, understanding the integrative response that drives angiogenesis requires a much broader perspective. The Advances in the Cellular and Molecular Biology of Angiogenesis meeting brought together researchers at the forefront of this rapidly moving field to provide an update on current understanding, and the most recent insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms of vascular growth. The plenary lecture highlighted the integrative nature of the angiogenic process, whereas invited contributions from basic and clinician scientists described fundamental mechanisms and disease-associated issues of blood vessel formation, grouped under a number of themes to aid discussion. These articles will appeal to academic, clinical and pharmaceutical scientists interested in the molecular and cellular basis of angiogenesis, their modulation or dysfunction in human diseases, and application of these findings towards translational medicine.
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