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da Silva LE, de Oliveira MP, da Silva MR, Abel JDS, Tartari G, de Aguiar da Costa M, Ludvig Gonçalves C, Rezin GT. L-carnitine and Acetyl-L Carnitine: A Possibility for Treating Alterations Induced by Obesity in the Central Nervous System. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3316-3326. [PMID: 37495838 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of nutrients, as well as obesity, leads to an inflammatory process, especially in adipose tissue. This inflammation reaches the systemic level and, subsequently, the central nervous system (CNS), which can lead to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in brain damage. Thus, adequate treatment for obesity is necessary, including lifestyle changes (diet adequation and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy. However, these drugs can adversely affect the individual's health. In this sense, searching for new therapeutic alternatives for reestablishing metabolic homeostasis is necessary. L-carnitine (LC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) have neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in several conditions, including obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a narrative review of the literature on the effect of LC and LAC on brain damage caused by obesity, in particular, on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Overall, these findings highlight that LC and LAC may be a promising treatment for recovering REDOX status and mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS in obesity. Future work should focus on better elucidating the molecular mechanisms behind this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Espindola da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariella Reinol da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica da Silva Abel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gisele Tartari
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maiara de Aguiar da Costa
- Laboratory of Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme South Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Extreme South Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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2
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Tang Y, Zhang D, Gong X, Zheng J. Cross-seeding enables repurposing of aurein antimicrobial peptides as a promoter of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7920-7932. [PMID: 37431688 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01099f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Since hIAPP (human islet amyloid polypeptide) aggregation and microbial infection are recognized as significant risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes (T2D), targeting these catastrophic processes simultaneously may have a greater impact on the prevention and treatment of T2D. Different from the well-studied hIAPP inhibitors, here we propose and demonstrate a repurposing strategy for an antimicrobial peptide, aurein, which can simultaneously modulate hIAPP aggregation and inhibit microbial infection. Collective data from protein, cell, and bacteria assays revealed multiple functions of aurein including (i) promotion of hIAPP aggregation at a low molar ratio of aurein:hIAPP = 0.5 : 1-2 : 1, (ii) reduction of hIAPP-induced cytotoxicity in RIN-m5F cells, and (iii) preservation of original antimicrobial activity against E. coli., S.A., and S.E. strains in the presence of hIAPP. These functions of aurein are mainly derived from its strong binding to different hIAPP seeds through conformationally similar β-sheet association. Our study provides a promising avenue for the repurposing of antimicrobial peptides (such as aurein) as amyloid modulators for blocking at least two pathological pathways in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio, USA.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio, USA.
| | - Xiong Gong
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Ohio, USA.
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3
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Milanowski J, Kozerawski K, Falęcka W, Dudek D, Lisewska B, Lisewski P, Nuszkiewicz J, Wesołowski R, Wojtasik J, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Szewczyk-Golec K. Changes in the Secretion of Melatonin and Selected Adipokines during the Progression of Parkinson's Disease-Preliminary Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050668. [PMID: 37233709 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting elderly people. Considering the gap in the literature on melatonin and adipokine levels in PD patients at various stages of the disease, we conducted a study to investigate the levels of selected parameters in PD patients at the disease's early (ES) and advanced (AS) stages. Melatonin, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations were measured in the blood serum of 20 PD patients without dyskinesia (ES), 24 PD patients with dyskinesia (AS), and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group (CG). The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Melatonin was significantly lower in ES (p < 0.05) and higher in AS patients (p < 0.05) compared to CG. The level of leptin was increased both in ES (p < 0.001) and AS (p < 0.001) versus CG, while resistin was increased only in patients with dyskinesia (p < 0.05). Higher melatonin (p < 0.001) and resistin (p < 0.05) and lower leptin (p < 0.05) levels were found in AS versus ES. The main findings of the study include the changes in inflammatory markers' levels during PD and a surprising increase in melatonin level in dyskinesia patients. Further research is necessary, which will be aimed at modulating the secretion of melatonin and adipokines as a treatment target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Milanowski
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozerawski
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Weronika Falęcka
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominik Dudek
- Students Research Club of Medical Biology, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Roland Wesołowski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Wojtasik
- Centre for Statistical Analysis, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Chopina 12/18 St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk-Golec
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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4
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Li Y, Lee SH, Piao M, Kim HS, Lee KY. Metallothionein 3 Inhibits 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation via Reduction of Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030640. [PMID: 36978888 PMCID: PMC10045306 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein 3 (MT3), also known as a neuronal growth-inhibitory factor, is a member of the metallothionein family and is involved in a variety of biological functions, including protection against metal toxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, less is known about the role of MT3 in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes. In this study, we observed that MT3 levels were downregulated during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Mt3 overexpression inhibited adipocyte differentiation and reduced the levels of the adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ. Further analyses showed that MT3 also suppressed the transcriptional activity of PPARγ, and this effect was not mediated by a direct interaction between MT3 with PPARγ. In addition, Mt3 overexpression resulted in a decrease in ROS levels during early adipocyte differentiation, while treatment with antimycin A, which induces ROS generation, restored the ROS levels. Mt3 knockdown, on the other hand, elevated ROS levels, which were suppressed upon treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Our findings indicate a previously unknown role of MT3 in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes and provide a potential novel target that might facilitate obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiyu Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (K.Y.L.)
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.K.); (K.Y.L.)
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5
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Mohseni R, Teimouri M, Safaei M, Arab Sadeghabadi Z. AMP-activated protein kinase is a key regulator of obesity-associated factors. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:20-32. [PMID: 36468539 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure leads to obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of several metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. So, controlling obesity could be effective in the improvement of obesity-related diseases. Various factors are involved in obesity, such as AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK), silent information regulators, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress parameters, gastrointestinal hormones, adipokines, angiopoietin-like proteins, and microRNAs. These factors play an important role in obesity by controlling fat metabolism, energy homeostasis, food intake, and insulin sensitivity. AMPK is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase known as a fuel-sensing enzyme. The central role of AMPK in obesity makes it an attractive molecule to target obesity and related metabolic diseases. In this review, the critical role of AMPK in obesity and the interplay between AMPK and obesity-associated factors were elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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6
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Akça İİ, Bodur A, Kahraman C, Abidin İ, Aydın-Abidin S, Alver A. The regulation of adipokines related to obesity and diabetes is sensitive to BDNF levels and adipose tissue location. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:295-303. [PMID: 35298831 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of BDNF in adipose tissue metabolism is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of decreased levels of BDNF on the expression of major adipokines in different fat depots (e.g., subcutaneous and epididymal) of mouse groups fed three different diet protocols. METHODS BDNF heterozygous (+ / -) mice were used to evaluate the effect of reduced BDNF levels. Six groups of C57BL/6 J breed wild type (WT) and BDNF (+ / -) mice were formed. These groups were fed, respectively, a control diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and a high-sucrose diet (HSD) for 4 months. Serum samples and adipose tissues were used for biochemical assays. The serum concentrations and tissue expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were measured. RESULTS Compared to the CD-fed WT group (control group), serum leptin and leptin expression levels were found to be higher in all experimental groups. Serum adiponectin levels were lower in the BDNF (+ / -) groups and HFD-fed WT group than in the control group. Epididymal adiponectin expression was found to be lower in the HFD-fed BDNF (+ / -) group and higher in HSD-fed groups than in the control group. Compared to the control group, adiponectin expression increased in the WT groups in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Serum resistin levels were elevated in the HFD-fed groups. Resistin expression in epididymal adipose tissue was lower in the CD-fed and HFD-fed groups than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS BDNF levels and diet differentially affect the expression of adipokines in different fat tissues in the body. BDNF may play a protective role in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- İmran İnce Akça
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60100, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Akın Bodur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rumeli University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemil Kahraman
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - İsmail Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Selcen Aydın-Abidin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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7
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Taghizadeh M, Mohammad Zadeh A, Asemi Z, Farrokhnezhad AH, Memarzadeh MR, Banikazemi Z, Shariat M, Shafabakhsh R. Morus Alba leaf extract affects metabolic profiles, biomarkers inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:68-73. [PMID: 35623877 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morus Alba extract, despite its special properties, has been less studied in terms of its effects on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was carried out to determine the effects of Morus Alba extract, known as white mulberry, on liver enzymes, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. METHODS The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 patients with T2DM. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either Morus Alba extract (300 mg) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) twice a day. Fasting blood samples were collected at the baseline and 12 weeks after intervention to quantify related markers. RESULTS Morus Alba extract intake significantly decreased insulin (P = 0.026) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.001), and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.001) compared with the placebo. However, Morus Alba extract intake did not affect other metabolic profiles. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study shown that the 12-week administration of Morus Alba extract among subjects with T2DM had beneficial effects on HDL-cholesterol, insulin and MDA levels, but did not affect other metabolic profiles. The present study was registered in the Iranian website for clinical trials as http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2016081312438N21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Azam Mohammad Zadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hosein Farrokhnezhad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Memarzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zarin Banikazemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Shariat
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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8
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Gao SJ, Liu DQ, Li DY, Sun J, Zhang LQ, Wu JY, Song FH, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Adipocytokines: Emerging therapeutic targets for pain management. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112813. [PMID: 35279597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pain has lower mortality rates than cancer, diabetes and stroke, pain is a predominate source of distress and disability. However, the management of pain remains an enormous problem. Many drugs used to pain treatment have more or less side effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic target is critical for the treatment of pain. Notably, studies have shown that adipocytokines have a dual role in pain. Growing shreds of evidence shows that the levels of adipocytokines are upregulated or downregulated in the development of pain. In addition, substantial evidence indicates that regulation of adipocytokines levels in models of pain attenuates or promotes pain behaviors. In this review, we summarized and discussed the effect of adipocytokines in pain. These evidence indicates that adipocytokines attenuate or promote pain behaviors through interacting with their receptors, activating serotonin pathway, interacting with μ-opioid receptor, activating microglia, infiltrating macrophage and so on. Overall, adipocytokines have some potential in treating pain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Wei Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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9
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Gjermeni E, Kirstein AS, Kolbig F, Kirchhof M, Bundalian L, Katzmann JL, Laufs U, Blüher M, Garten A, Le Duc D. Obesity-An Update on the Basic Pathophysiology and Review of Recent Therapeutic Advances. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1426. [PMID: 34680059 PMCID: PMC8533625 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major public health problem with a prevalence increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Continuous intensive efforts to elucidate the complex pathophysiology and improve clinical management have led to a better understanding of biomolecules like gut hormones, antagonists of orexigenic signals, stimulants of fat utilization, and/or inhibitors of fat absorption. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of obesity including intersection points to the new generation of antidiabetic drugs. We provide insight into the effectiveness of currently approved anti-obesity drugs and other therapeutic avenues that can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erind Gjermeni
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, 04289 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Cardiology, Median Centre for Rehabilitation Schmannewitz, 04774 Dahlen, Germany;
| | - Anna S. Kirstein
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.S.K.); (F.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Florentien Kolbig
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.S.K.); (F.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Michael Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, Median Centre for Rehabilitation Schmannewitz, 04774 Dahlen, Germany;
| | - Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Julius L. Katzmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.K.); (U.L.)
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.K.); (U.L.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Antje Garten
- Pediatric Research Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.S.K.); (F.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Kuperberg SJ, Navetta-Modrov B. The Role of Obesity in the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 Respiratory Disease and Critical Illness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:13-21. [PMID: 33797351 PMCID: PMC8320126 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0236tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the clinical syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global health pandemic with substantial morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 has cast a shadow on nearly every aspect of society, straining health systems and economies across the world. Although it is widely accepted that a close relationship exists between obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders on infection, we are only beginning to understand ways in which the immunological sequelae of obesity functions as a predisposing factor related to poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19. As both the innate and adaptive immune systems are each primed by obesity, the alteration of key pathways results in both an immunosuppressed and hyperinflammatory state. The present review will discuss the cellular and molecular immunology of obesity in the context of its role as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, discuss the role of cytokine storm, and draw parallels to prior viral epidemics such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and 2009 H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kuperberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Brianne Navetta-Modrov
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital/Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
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11
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Floeck A, Ferrari N, Joisten C, Puth MT, Strizek B, Dolscheid-Pommerich R, Gembruch U, Merz WM. Resistin in pregnancy: Analysis of determinants in pairs of umbilical cord blood and maternal serum. Cytokine X 2021; 3:100052. [PMID: 34151249 PMCID: PMC8192808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite intensive research on the cytokine resistin only few studies investigated mother-newborn-pairs during healthy pregnancy and reported about interactions with clinical obstetric variables or other cytokines. Comparison of existing studies is difficult due to differences between assays, sample collection, gestational age, definition of healthy controls and patient characteristics. Furthermore, differences between rodent models and humans do not allow for a direct comparison. Methods In this cross-sectional, prospective study 109 healthy mother-newborn pairs were analyzed. Maternal venous blood samples were taken on admission to the labor ward; newborn venous blood samples were drawn from the placental part of the umbilical cord (UC), immediately after clamping. Resistin, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-6 and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum concentrations were measured with commercially available immunoassays. Determinants of maternal and newborn resistin levels were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression. Results UC resistin levels were higher than maternal concentrations (median 17.69 ng/mL, IQR 7.36 vs. median 8.04 ng/mL, IQR 4.30). Correlation between UC and maternal resistin levels was moderate (R = 0.503, p < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis levels of maternal resistin and newborn TNF-α remained significant determining factors for UC resistin levels. Gestational age and maternal BDNF-levels remained significant factors for maternal resistin levels. Conclusion In healthy, term newborns and their respective mothers a positive correlation between maternal and newborn levels and an association with gestational age around term can be found and point to a placental source of resistin. Further investigations are needed to clarify the possible contribution of transplacental transport of resistin into the fetal circulation. Except for gestational age most of the clinical obstetric variables tested do not seem to be determining factors for fetal or maternal resistin. Interactions of resistin with other cytokines like TNF-α and BDNF could be the missing link for the conflicting results in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Floeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - Nina Ferrari
- Cologne Center for Prevention in Childhood and Youth/ Heart Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria T Puth
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - Brigitte Strizek
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Gembruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - Waltraut M Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
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12
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Perpétuo L, Voisin PM, Amado F, Hirtz C, Vitorino R. Ghrelin and adipokines: An overview of their physiological role, antimicrobial activity and impact on cardiovascular conditions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:477-509. [PMID: 33706959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human body has many different hormones that interact with each other and with other factors such as proteins, cell receptors and metabolites. There is still a limited understanding of some of the underlying biological mechanisms of some hormones. In the past decades, science and technology have made major advancements in regard to innovation and knowledge in fields such as medicine. However, some conditions are complex and have many variables that their full picture is still unclear, even though some of these conditions have an alarming rate of incidence and serious health consequences. Conditions such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), cancer in its different forms and even mental conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, are some of the most common diseases in the 21st century. These conditions are relevant not only because of their high incidence on the general population, but also because of their severity. In this chapter, we present an overview of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), heart attack, cardiomyopathy and heart failure (among others), are the number one cause of death worldwide. In 2016, it was estimated that 17.9 million people died from CV diseases, representing more than 30% of all global deaths. Approximately 95% of people who died from CV diseases were so-called "premature deaths" because were referenced to individuals under the age of 70 years old. In this chapter we described some of the hormones that may have an impact on CV diseases, including ghrelin, a peptide that is mostly produced in the stomach, known to induce hunger. Ghrelin is linked to an increase in body fat, i.e., adipose tissue in animals. For this reason, we also included the adipokines leptin, adiponectin and resistin. The main objectives of this chapter are to present the state of the art knowledge concerning the mechanisms of each hormone relevant to CV diseases; to compile data and results that further elucidate the relevance of these peptides for several physiological events, conditions and diseases; and to discuss the metabolic impact of each hormone. We established connections between multiple peptides and the underlying condition/disease with tools such as STRING, referring to research using databases, such as UniProt, DisGeNET and Proteomics DB. Fig. 1 shows a network that summarizes the information presented in this chapter, which serves as a visual representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Perpétuo
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; UnIC, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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13
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Salman AA, Sultan AAEA, Abdallah A, Abdelsalam A, Mikhail HMS, Tourky M, Omar MG, Youssef A, Ahmed RA, Elkassar H, Seif El Nasr SM, Shaaban HED, Atallah M, GabAllah GMK, Salman MA. Effect of weight loss induced by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on liver histology and serum adipokine levels. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1769-1773. [PMID: 32153044 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Bariatric surgery is a valid treatment option for persons with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study prospectively examined the impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on liver histopathology, and blood levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and pre-B cell enhancing factor/Nampt/visfatin. PATIENTS & METHODS In 81 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who underwent LSG, paired liver biopsies and blood specimens were obtained before and 18 months after LSG. Differences between preoperative and 18 months postoperative data were tested by paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank test as appropriate. RESULTS At follow up, there was a significant improvement in biochemical markers for glucose homeostasis, including fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and homeostatic model assessment index. Postoperative liver function tests, namely serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, showed a significant improvement compared to before weight loss. The number of patients who had definite, borderline, or no non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was 43 (53%), 27 (33%), and 11 (14%), respectively, at baseline, and 9 (11%), 32 (40%), and 40 (49%) at 18-month post-surgery follow up. A significant reduction in steatosis, liver fibrosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning was observed in the postoperative biopsies (P < 0.001 each). In addition, at the follow-up assessment, there was a significant increase in serum adiponectin levels and significant decline in serum levels of leptin, resisitin, and pre-B cell enhancing factor/Nampt/visfatin. CONCLUSION Weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy was associated with a significant improvement in several metabolic parameters, liver enzyme levels, liver histopathology, and changes in serum adipokine levels towards antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Abdallah
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelsalam
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Tourky
- General Surgery, Alawi Tunsi Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Gouda Omar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Youssef
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hesham Elkassar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Seif El Nasr
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam El-Din Shaaban
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atallah
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M K GabAllah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-kom, Egypt
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14
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Kusowska A, Kozłowska E. The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13055. [PMID: 32638520 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro-inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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15
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Goldsmith DR, Bekhbat M, Le NA, Chen X, Woolwine BJ, Li Z, Haroon E, Felger JC. Protein and gene markers of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation together associate with functional connectivity in reward and motor circuits in depression. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:193-202. [PMID: 32387344 PMCID: PMC7415617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional relationships between inflammation and metabolic dysfunction may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric illnesses like depression. Metabolic disturbances drive inflammation, which in turn exacerbate metabolic outcomes including insulin resistance. Both inflammatory (e.g. endotoxin, vaccination) and metabolic challenges (e.g. glucose ingestion) have been shown to affect activity and functional connectivity (FC) in brain regions that subserve reward and motor processing. We previously reported relationships between elevated concentrations of endogenous inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and low corticostriatal FC, which correlated with symptoms of anhedonia and motor slowing in major depression (MD). Herein, we examined whether similar relationships were observed between plasma markers related to glucose metabolism (non-fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin) in 42 medically-stable, unmedicated MD outpatients who underwent fMRI. A targeted, hypothesis-driven approach was used to assess FC between seeds in subdivisions of the ventral and dorsal striatum and a region in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VS-vmPFC), which was previously found to correlate with both inflammation and symptoms of anhedonia and motor slowing. Associations between FC and gene expression signatures were also explored. A composite score of all 5 glucose-related markers (with increasing values reflecting higher concentrations) was negatively correlated with both ventral striatum (VS)-vmPFC (r = -0.33, p < 0.05) and dorsal caudal putamen (dcP)-vmPFC (r = -0.51, p < 0.01) FC, and remained significant after adjusting for covariates including body mass index (p < 0.05). Moreover, an interaction between the glucose-related composite score and CRP was observed for these relationships (F[2,33] = 4.3, p < 0.05) whereby significant correlations between the glucose-related metabolic markers and FC was found only in patients with high plasma CRP (>3 mg/L; r = -0.61 to -0.81, p < 0.05). Insulin and resistin were the individual markers most predictive of VS-vmPFC and dcP-mPFC FC, respectively, and insulin, resistin and CRP clustered together and in association with both LV-vmPFC and dcP-vmPFC in principal component analyses. Exploratory whole blood gene expression analyses also confirmed that gene probes negatively associated with FC were enriched for both inflammatory and metabolic pathways (FDR p < 0.05). These results provide preliminary evidence that inflammation and metabolic dysfunction contribute jointly to deficits in reward and motor circuits in MD. Future studies using fasting samples and longitudinal and interventional approaches are required to further elucidate the respective contributions of inflammation and metabolic dysfunction to circuits and symptoms relevant to motivation and motor activity, which may have treatment implications for patients with psychiatric illnesses like depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Goldsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Mandakh Bekhbat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Atlanta VAHSC, Decatur, GA 30033, United States
| | - Xiangchuan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Bobbi J Woolwine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Zhihao Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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16
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Banerjee A, Singh J. Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10150. [PMID: 32440558 PMCID: PMC7237149 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue-derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity-associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
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17
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Rodríguez-Benítez MV, Gámez-Belmonte R, Gil-Campos M, Hernández-Chirlaque C, Bouzas PR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Premature Birth Infants Present Elevated Inflammatory Markers in the Meconium. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:627475. [PMID: 33537270 PMCID: PMC7848191 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.627475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prematurity, a well-established risk factor for various intestinal diseases in newborns, results in increased morbidity and mortality. However, the intestinal inflammatory status of preterm (PT) infants has been poorly characterized. Here we have broadly described the intestinal and systemic inflammatory status of PT children. Materials and Methods: Meconium and plasma from 39 PT and 32 full term (T) newborns were studied. Fecal calprotectin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN-E), TNF, IL-17A, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, IL-1β, IL-1α, and E-selectin and the enzymatic activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in meconium were measured. Plasma levels of AP, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), proinflammatory cytokines, leptin, adiponectin, PAI-1, and resistin were also determined. Correlations with gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) were studied. Results: Neutrophil derived PMN-E, MPO and calprotectin were increased in the meconium of PT compared to T newborns, while AP was decreased. No significant differences were found in other inflammatory parameters. Considering data from all children, GA and BW showed inverse correlation with neutrophil markers, while AP directly correlated with BW. Plasma levels of IL-1β and NGF were enhanced in PT infants, and were also negatively correlated with BW. PT children additionally showed neutropenia and decreased adiponectin, leptin, haematocrit, and haemoglobin. These parameters (neutrophils, adiponectin, and so forth) were positively correlated with GA and BW, while IL-8, MCP-1, PAI-1, and plasma AP were negatively correlated. PT children showing postnatal morbidity exhibited increased meconium MPO and MIP-1α. Conclusion: PT neonates present a significant elevation of intestinal inflammatory parameters, characterized by the presence of neutrophil markers, associated with mild systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Unit of Pediatrics Metabolism, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, IMIBIC, CIBEROBN, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula R Bouzas
- Department of Statistics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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18
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Su KZ, Li YR, Zhang D, Yuan JH, Zhang CS, Liu Y, Song LM, Lin Q, Li MW, Dong J. Relation of Circulating Resistin to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1399. [PMID: 31803062 PMCID: PMC6877503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resistin, a cysteine-rich polypeptide encoded by the RETN gene, which plays an important role in many mechanisms in rodent studies, including lipid metabolism, inflammation and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, the relationship between resistin and insulin resistance in humans is under debate. The present study was designed to clarify the correlation between resistin and insulin resistance. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library until March 3, 2019 with the keywords "resistin" and "insulin resistance." Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect publication bias. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size. Subgroup analysis and meta regression was performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Results: Fifteen studies were included in our systematic review. Among them, 10 studies with Pearson coefficients were used for meta-analysis. We found resistin levels were weakly correlated with insulin resistance in those with T2DM and obesity (r = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.35, I 2 = 59.7%, P = 0.003). Nevertheless, subgroup analysis suggested that circulating resistin levels were significantly positively correlated with insulin resistance in individuals with hyperresistinemia (≥14.8 ng/ml) (r = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.68, I 2 = 0.0%, P = 0.513). And there was no relationship between circulating resistin and insulin resistance in those with normal circulating resistin levels (<14.8 ng/ml) (r = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.01-0.18, I 2 = 0.0%, P = 0.455). Publication bias was insignificant (Egger's test P = 0.592). Conclusion: In T2DM and obese individuals, resistin levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance in those with hyperresistinemia, but not in those with normal circulating resistin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-zhen Su
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-run Li
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-hua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cai-shun Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-min Song
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man-wen Li
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Moideen K, Kumar NP, Nair D, Banurekha VV, Babu S. Altered Systemic Adipokine Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Changes following Treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:875-880. [PMID: 30182920 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is associated with modulation of levels of adipokines, specifically adiponectin and leptin, but the effect of standard antituberculosis treatment (ATT) on the systemic levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin has not been well explored. To identify the association of adipokines with PTB and their relationship with disease severity and bacterial burden, we measured the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin in PTB individuals and compared them with latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy control (HC) individuals. Pulmonary tuberculosis was characterized by diminished circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin and heightened circulating levels of resistin in comparison to that in LTB and HC individuals. However, PTB with bilateral or cavitary disease did not exhibit any increased systemic levels of these adipokines in comparison with those with unilateral or non-cavitary disease, respectively. In addition, none of the adipokines exhibited a positive correlation with bacterial burdens, but adiponectin alone exhibited a negative correlation with body mass index in PTB individuals. Finally, on successful completion of ATT, PTB individuals exhibited significantly increased levels of adiponectin and leptin and significantly decreased levels of resistin. Therefore, our data identify an important association of systemic adipokine levels with PTB disease and its alteration following ATT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadar Moideen
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.,National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Nathella Pavan Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.,National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Dina Nair
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Sureshchandra S, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Impact of pregravid obesity on maternal and fetal immunity: Fertile grounds for reprogramming. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1035-1050. [PMID: 31483523 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0619-181r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pregravid obesity results in several adverse health outcomes during pregnancy, including increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and complications at delivery. Additionally, pregravid obesity and in utero exposure to high fat diet have been shown to have detrimental effects on fetal programming, predisposing the offspring to adverse cardiometabolic, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. More recently, a deeper appreciation for the modulation of offspring immunity and infectious disease-related outcomes by maternal pregravid obesity has emerged. This review will describe currently available animal models for studying the impact of maternal pregravid obesity on fetal immunity and review the data from clinical and animal model studies. We also examine the burden of pregravid obesity on the maternal-fetal interface and the link between placental and systemic inflammation. Finally, we discuss future studies needed to identify key mechanistic underpinnings that link maternal inflammatory changes and fetal cellular reprogramming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Kim CY, Kang B, Hong J, Choi HS. Parthenolide inhibits lipid accumulation via activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling during adipocyte differentiation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:431-440. [PMID: 32257527 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00672-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of parthenolide (PL), a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from feverfew plant, on lipid accumulation and signaling pathway in adipocytes were investigated. PL significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenic factors during adipogenesis. In particular, PL exerted its inhibitory effects in early adipogenic stage by regulating the early adipogenic factors. In addition, PL regulated the expression of adipokines; leptin, retinol binding protein, and resistin mRNAs were downregulated, whereas adiponectin gene expression was increased. Furthermore, PL significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during adipogenesis. This PL-mediated regulation of ROS production was associated with the regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway. PL effectively increased the abundance of Nrf2 and its target proteins, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, indicating that PL-mediated anti-adipogenic effects are associated with the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Kim
- 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249 Republic of Korea
| | - Bobin Kang
- 1Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 07249 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- 2Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- 2Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 139-774 Republic of Korea
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22
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Parthenolide, a feverfew-derived phytochemical, ameliorates obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Withatanung P, Kurian D, Tangjittipokin W, Plengvidhya N, Titball RW, Korbsrisate S, Stevens JM. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Differences in the Response of Neutrophils Isolated from Healthy or Diabetic Subjects to Infection with Capsule-Variant Burkholderia thailandensis. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2848-2858. [PMID: 31244210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Thailand, diabetes mellitus is the most significant risk factor for melioidosis, a severe disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. In this study, neutrophils isolated from healthy or diabetic subjects were infected with B. thailandensis E555, a variant strain with a B. pseudomallei-like capsular polysaccharide used here as a surrogate micro-organism for B. pseudomallei. At 2 h post-infection, neutrophil proteins were subjected to 4-plex iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis. A total of 341 proteins were identified in two or more samples, of which several proteins involved in oxidative stress and inflammation were enriched in infected diabetic neutrophils. We validated this finding by demonstrating that infected diabetic neutrophils generated significantly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 compared to healthy neutrophils. Our data also revealed that infected neutrophils from healthy or diabetic individuals undergo apoptotic cell death at distinctly different rates, with infected diabetic neutrophils showing a diminished ability to delay apoptosis and an increased likelihood of undergoing a lytic form of cell death, compared to infected neutrophils from healthy individuals. Increased expression of inflammatory proteins by infected neutrophils could contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection and inflammation in diabetic patients in melioidosis-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patoo Withatanung
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush , Midlothian EH25 9RG , United Kingdom
| | - Watip Tangjittipokin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Nattachet Plengvidhya
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Richard W Titball
- Department of Biosciences , University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QD , United Kingdom
| | - Sunee Korbsrisate
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok 10700 , Thailand
| | - Joanne M Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies , University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush , Midlothian EH25 9RG , United Kingdom
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Hastuti P, Tasmini T, Utami RF, Riwa MRK, Steven S, Sadewa AH. Variation of Resistin Gene Is Correlated with Insulin Resistance in Obese People of Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1891-1895. [PMID: 31406524 PMCID: PMC6684434 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered associated with an increase of resistin levels that plays a role in the regulation of energy and maintaining fasting blood glucose. Polymorphism of resistin is thought to be correlated with the levels of resistin and insulin resistance. AIM This study aimed to examine the association of +299G > A and -420C > G resistin (RETN) gene with resistin level and insulin resistance in obese people of Indonesia. METHODS We examined 142 healthy unrelated subjects consisting of 71 obese and 71 controls. Fasting blood glucose was measured by the enzymatic method while the resistin and insulin levels were measured by Elisa method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA-IR index. Polymorphisms of RETN genes were examined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and the data was tested. The data were correlated with Kruskal Wallis continue logistic regression and simple linear regression. RESULTS In the obese group, there was an increased level of insulin (17.74 vs 11.27 mU/L) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR 3.9 vs 1.46) compared to the control group. Polymorphism of +299G > A was associated with insulin resistance (GA and GA + AA genotype significantly different compare GG genotype with P < 0.001). Resistin level was negatively correlated with insulin level (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION In this study, polymorphism of +299G > A was identified as a risk factor for insulin resistance, and there was a significant association of serum resistin level with insulin level in the population of Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasmini Tasmini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Fajar Utami
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Emamalipour M, Seidi K, Jahanban‐Esfahlan A, Jahanban‐Esfahlan R. Implications of resistin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: Impairing insulin function and inducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21758-21769. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emamalipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Jahanban‐Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban‐Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Asibey O, Agyemang Yeboah F, Owiredu W, Acheampong E, Odame Anto E, Owusu IK. Interplay of adipokines in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension: A comparative cross-sectional in Ghana. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osei Asibey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Agyemang Yeboah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - W.K.B.A. Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Isaac K. Owusu
- Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana
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Nimptsch K, Konigorski S, Pischon T. Diagnosis of obesity and use of obesity biomarkers in science and clinical medicine. Metabolism 2019; 92:61-70. [PMID: 30586573 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity is a major public health problem today. Obesity increases the risk of many chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and certain types of cancer, and is associated with lower life expectancy. The body mass index (BMI), which is currently used to classify obesity, is only an imperfect measure of abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation. Studies have shown that waist circumference as a measure of fat distribution may improve disease prediction. More elaborate techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging are increasingly available to assess body fat distribution, but these measures are not readily available in routine clinical practice, and health-relevant cut-offs not yet been established. The measurement of biomarkers that reflect the underlying biological mechanisms for the increased disease risk may be an alternative approach to characterize the relevant obesity phenotype. The insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and chronic low-grade inflammation have been identified as major pathways. In addition, specific adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin have been related to obesity-associated health outcomes. This biomarker research, which is currently further developed with the application of high throughput methods, gives important insights in obesity-related disease etiology and pathophysiological pathways and may be used to better characterize obese persons at high risk of disease development and target disease-causing biomarkers in personalized prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Konigorski
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Digital Health - Machine Learning Group, Hasso-Plattner-Institute for Digital Engineering, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Balõtšev R, Haring L, Koido K, Leping V, Kriisa K, Zilmer M, Vasar V, Piir A, Lang A, Vasar E. Antipsychotic treatment is associated with inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers alterations among first-episode psychosis patients: A 7-month follow-up study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:101-109. [PMID: 28719155 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Second-generation antipsychotics are commonly used to treat schizophrenia, but may cause metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a subset of patients. The mechanisms of antipsychotic-related metabolic changes remain to be established, especially in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHODS In the present study, we used a chip technology to measure metabolic (C-peptide, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin) and inflammatory biomarkers (ferritin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1α, tumour necrosis factor-α and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in the serum samples of a population of FEP patients before and after 7 months of antipsychotic drug treatment, compared to control subjects (CS). RESULTS The comparison of these markers in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients (N = 38) and CS (N = 37) revealed significantly higher levels of ferritin (P = .004), and resistin (P = .03) and lower level of leptin (P = .03) among FEP patients group. Seven months of antipsychotic drug treatment in patients (N = 36) ameliorated clinical symptoms, but increased significantly body mass index (BMI; P = .002) and these changes were accompanied by increased levels of C-peptide (P = .03) and leptin (P = .02), as well as decreased level of adiponectin (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Seven months of antipsychotic drug treatment suppressed the clinical symptoms of psychosis whereas caused imbalance in metabolic biomarkers and increased BMI. These findings provide insight into antipsychotic-induced MetS and refer to problems in insulin processing already present in the early stage of the chronic psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Balõtšev
- Psychiatry Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Haring
- Psychiatry Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kati Koido
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vambola Leping
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kärt Kriisa
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veiko Vasar
- Psychiatry Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Piir
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aavo Lang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Resistin-Inhibited Neural Stem Cell-Derived Astrocyte Differentiation Contributes to Permeability Destruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:905-916. [PMID: 30690681 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important part of the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inflammatory factors destroy the balance of the microenvironment, which results in changes in neural stem cell differentiation and proliferation behaviour. However, the mechanism underlying inflammatory factor-induced NSC behavioural changes is not clear. Resistin is a proinflammatory and adipogenic factor and is involved in several human pathology processes. The neural stem cell microenvironment changes when the concentration of resistin in the brain during an inflammatory response disease increases. In the present study, we explored the effect and mechanism of resistin on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. We found that intracerebroventricular injection of resistin induced a decrease in GFAP-positive cells in mice by influencing NSC differentiation. Resistin significantly decreased TEER and increased permeability in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, which is consistent with the results of an HBMEC-astrocyte coculture system. Resistin-inhibited astrocyte differentiation is mediated through TLR4 on neural stem cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the effect of resistin on neural stem cells. Our findings shed light on resistin-involved neural stem cell degeneration mechanisms.
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30
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Kim CY, Kang B, Suh HJ, Choi HS. Red ginseng-derived saponin fraction suppresses the obesity-induced inflammatory responses via Nrf2-HO-1 pathway in adipocyte-macrophage co-culture system. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1507-1516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Bekhbat M, Chu K, Le NA, Woolwine BJ, Haroon E, Miller AH, Felger JC. Glucose and lipid-related biomarkers and the antidepressant response to infliximab in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:222-229. [PMID: 30249443 PMCID: PMC6214671 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist infliximab was previously found to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD) who exhibited high baseline inflammation, as reflected by plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) >5 mg/L. Further predictors of antidepressant response to infliximab included differential expression of peripheral blood gene transcripts that were related not only to inflammation but also to glucose and lipid metabolism. To determine whether plasma biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism were similarly associated with antidepressant response to infliximab and with relevant gene transcripts, we measured concentrations of glucose, insulin, and protein hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis and metabolism (leptin, resistin, and adiponectin), as well as cholesterols, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), in medically-stable TRD outpatients at baseline and 2 weeks after the first infusion of infliximab (n = 26) or placebo (n = 26). Treatment response was defined as 50% reduction in depressive symptoms at any point during the 12-week trial. We found that baseline cholesterol (total, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and non-high-density lipoprotein [non-HDL]), triglycerides and NEFA were elevated in patients who exhibited an antidepressant response to infliximab (all p < 0.05) but not placebo (all p > 0.299). HDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations also correlated with two lipid-related gene transcripts that were predictive of antidepressant response (r = 0.33 to 0.39, p < 0.05). Although not associated with response to infliximab, resistin correlated with numerous glucose-related transcripts (r = -0.32 to 0.37, p < 0.05) and was higher at 2 weeks post-infusion in patients treated with infliximab compared to placebo (p = 0.028). Concentrations of cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL, non-HDL) were also lower at 2 weeks in patients treated with infliximab compared to placebo, but only in those patients with CRP >5 mg/L at baseline (all p < 0.05). These results are consistent with previous work showing that high inflammation in patients with depression is associated with metabolic alterations, which together predict response to both traditional and experimental antidepressant therapies. Additionally, our findings suggest a causal relationship between increased inflammation and high cholesterol in depression, as a single infusion of infliximab reduced cholesterol in TRD patients with high CRP compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Karen Chu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, 30033, United States
| | - Bobbi J Woolwine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States.
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Medina Ramírez N, de Queiróz JH, Machado Rocha Ribeiro S, Lopes Toledo RC, Castro Moreira ME, Mafra CL, dos Anjos Benjamin L, de Morais Coelho C, Paranho Veloso M, Stampini Duarte Martino H. Mango leaf tea promotes hepatoprotective effects in obese rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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34
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Seldin MM, Koplev S, Rajbhandari P, Vergnes L, Rosenberg GM, Meng Y, Pan C, Phuong TMN, Gharakhanian R, Che N, Mäkinen S, Shih DM, Civelek M, Parks BW, Kim ED, Norheim F, Chella Krishnan K, Hasin-Brumshtein Y, Mehrabian M, Laakso M, Drevon CA, Koistinen HA, Tontonoz P, Reue K, Cantor RM, Björkegren JLM, Lusis AJ. A Strategy for Discovery of Endocrine Interactions with Application to Whole-Body Metabolism. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1138-1155.e6. [PMID: 29719227 PMCID: PMC5935137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inter-tissue communication via secreted proteins has been established as a vital mechanism for proper physiologic homeostasis. Here, we report a bioinformatics framework using a mouse reference population, the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP), which integrates global multi-tissue expression data and publicly available resources to identify and functionally annotate novel circuits of tissue-tissue communication. We validate this method by showing that we can identify known as well as novel endocrine factors responsible for communication between tissues. We further show the utility of this approach by identification and mechanistic characterization of two new endocrine factors. Adipose-derived Lipocalin-5 is shown to enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, and liver-secreted Notum promotes browning of white adipose tissue, also known as "beiging." We demonstrate the general applicability of the method by providing in vivo evidence for three additional novel molecules mediating tissue-tissue interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Koplev
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Prashant Rajbhandari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thuy M N Phuong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raffi Gharakhanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nam Che
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Selina Mäkinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana M Shih
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eric D Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kim JH, Kim CY, Kang B, Hong J, Choi HS. Dibenzoylmethane Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production through Regulation of Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 and Insulin Signaling in Adipocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:680-689. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyoun Kim
- Department of Food Sciencfe and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University
| | | | - Bobin Kang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food Sciencfe and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Sciencfe and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University
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Becic T, Studenik C. Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Adipocytokines in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:101-116. [PMID: 29676540 PMCID: PMC5911513 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.42.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of omega-3 supplementation on adipocytokine levels in adult prediabetic and diabetic individuals. METHODS We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Trial Register, World Health Organization Clinical Trial Registry Platform, and Clinicaltrial.gov Registry from inception to August 1, 2017 for randomized controlled trials. Pooled effects of interventions were assessed as mean difference using random effects model. We conducted a sensitivity, publication bias and subgroup analysis. RESULTS Fourteen studies individuals (n=685) were included in the meta-analysis. Omega-3 supplementation increased levels of adiponectin (0.48 μg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.68; P<0.00001, n=10 trials), but effects disappeared after sensitivity analysis. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were reduced (-1.71; 95% CI, -3.38 to -0.14; P=0.03, n=8 trials). Treatment duration shorter than 12 weeks was associated with greater reduction than longer treatment duration. Levels of other adipocytokines were not significantly affected. Publication bias could generally not be excluded. CONCLUSION Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation may increase adiponectin and reduce TNF-α levels in this population group. However, due to overall study heterogeneity and potential publication bias, a cautious interpretation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Becic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christian Studenik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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37
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Nam SY. Obesity-Related Digestive Diseases and Their Pathophysiology. Gut Liver 2018; 11:323-334. [PMID: 27890867 PMCID: PMC5417774 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing medical and public health problem worldwide. Many digestive diseases are related to obesity. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of obesity-related digestive diseases, their pathogenesis, and the medical and metabolic consequences of weight reduction are discussed. Obesity-related digestive diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyp and cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C-related disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Although obesity-related esophageal diseases are associated with altered mechanical and humoral factors, other obesity-related digestive diseases seem to be associated with obesity-induced altered circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease and obesity has been debated. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the obesity-related digestive diseases, including pathophysiology, obesity-related risk, and medical and metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Youn Nam
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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38
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Assessment of Salivary Adipokines Resistin, Visfatin, and Ghrelin as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Biomarkers. Biochem Res Int 2018; 2018:7463796. [PMID: 29487749 PMCID: PMC5816886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7463796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is emerging as a metabolic epidemic worldwide. Pathologically, dysregulation of many biological pathways precedes hyperglycemia and the clinical diagnosis of T2DM. Changing trajectories along the process of T2DM development necessitates frequent measurement of biomarkers for early identification of at-risk individuals and successful prevention. Increase in circulating inflammatory adipokines has been suggested as predictive of T2DM. Human saliva is an easily accessible biospecimen amenable for painless frequent collection and possesses nearly 50% of serum proteome. In this study, we measured the adipokines resistin, visfatin, TNF-α, and ghrelin as markers for T2DM in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) using specific assay kits. Resistin and visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM saliva. Although the concentration of acylated or unacylated ghrelin was lower in diabetic saliva, the decrease was not significant. Since resistin and visfatin are biomarkers integral to T2DM pathology, their salivary assessments may receive clinical acceptance.
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Identification and expression patterns of adipokine genes during adipocyte differentiation in the Tibetan goat ( Capra hircus ). Gene 2018; 643:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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40
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Skuratovskaia D, Vulf M, Kirienkova E, Mironyuk N, Zatolokin P, Litvinova L. The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in GIPR gene in the changes of secretion in hormones and adipokines in patients with obesity with type 2 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:208-216. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186402208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the rs2302382, rs8111428 and Glu354Gln (rs1800437) polymorphisms in GIPR (glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor) gene and plasma levels of mediators involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (before and after a test breakfast) was investigated. The contribution of polymorphic variants of rs2302382, rs8111428 in GIPR gene in the predisposition to type 2 diabetes in individuals belonging to the Slavic population of Russia was found. Polymorphisms rs2302382 and rs8111428 in the GIPR gene were characterized by the nonequilibrium cohesion. The decrease in the level of expression of the GIPR gene in adipose tissue of the small intestine mesentery in the carriers of the CC genotype rs2302382 and AA rs8111428 was associated with the increase in the plasma leptin level, whereas during normal expression, the plasma content of insulin, and GIP (in persons with the genotype of the polymorphism rs2302382 and AG polymorphism rs8111428), resistin and ghrelin (in individuals with the genotype of the polymorphism rs2302382) increased. We propose the stimulating effect of GIP on the secretion of resistin, leptin and ghrelin, with an increase in insulin production in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M.A. Vulf
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - E.V. Kirienkova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - N.I. Mironyuk
- Regional Clinical Hospital of the Kaliningrad Region, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - P.A. Zatolokin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia; Regional Clinical Hospital of the Kaliningrad Region, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - L.S. Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
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41
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Majdi MA, Mohammadzadeh NA, Lotfi H, Mahmoudi R, Alipour FG, Shool F, Moghanloo MN, Porfaraj S, Zarghami N. Correlation of Resistin Serum Level with Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene (FTO) rs9939609 Polymorphism in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S715-S720. [PMID: 28566238 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to detect any association of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 variant to metabolic and anthropometric parameters and resistin level as adipokines in Iranian obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Totally, 42 diabetic and 36 non-diabetic women were selected. The PCR amplicons of FTO gene were sequenced and metabolic, anthropometric parameters and resistin level were measured. RESULTS Serum resistin concentrations were not different between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects (p>0.05), while resistin level in diabetic group with AA genotype was lower than that with other genotypes in the same group. In rs9939609 SNP adjusted analysis, insulin and HOMA levels were high in AA genotype. While levels of FBS and HbA1c were higher in AA and AT genotypes. In diabetic group, only TG showed significant difference among three genotypes and mean of TG was higher in TA genotype. No significant correlation between resistin and anthropometric and metabolic parameters was found except for DBP in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION There was no significant association between rs9939609 and resistin serum level in type 2 obese diabetic women while percentile ranges (25th, 50th and 75th) of resistin concentrations was high in diabetic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbasi Majdi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology. Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mahmoudi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ghafarian Alipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shool
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Niknam Moghanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadeg Porfaraj
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry. Laboratory Medicine. Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz. University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology. Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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42
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Raff H, Hoeynck B, Jablonski M, Leonovicz C, Phillips JM, Gehrand AL. Insulin sensitivity, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and testosterone in adult male and female rats after maternal-neonatal separation and environmental stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R12-R21. [PMID: 28877872 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00271.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Care of premature infants often requires parental and caregiver separation, particularly during hypoxic and hypothermic episodes. We have established a neonatal rat model of human prematurity involving maternal-neonatal separation and hypoxia with spontaneous hypothermia prevented by external heat. Adults previously exposed to these neonatal stressors show a sex difference in the insulin and glucose response to arginine stimulation suggesting a state of insulin resistance. The current study used this cohort of adult rats to evaluate insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], plasma adipokines (reflecting insulin resistance states), and testosterone. The major findings were that daily maternal-neonatal separation led to an increase in body weight and HOMA-IR in adult male and female rats and increased plasma leptin in adult male rats only; neither prior neonatal hypoxia (without or with body temperature control) nor neonatal hypothermia altered subsequent adult HOMA-IR or plasma adiponectin. Adult male-female differences in plasma leptin were lost with prior exposure to neonatal hypoxia or hypothermia; male-female differences in resistin were lost in the adults that were exposed to hypoxia and spontaneous hypothermia as neonates. Exposure of neonates to daily hypoxia without spontaneous hypothermia led to a decrease in plasma testosterone in adult male rats. We conclude that neonatal stressors result in subsequent adult sex-dependent increases in insulin resistance and adipokines and that our rat model of prematurity with hypoxia without hypothermia alters adult testosterone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hershel Raff
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian Hoeynck
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mack Jablonski
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cole Leonovicz
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan M Phillips
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ashley L Gehrand
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Research Institute , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Saeedi Borujeni MJ, Esfandiary E, Taheripak G, Codoñer‐Franch P, Alonso‐Iglesias E, Mirzaei H. Molecular aspects of diabetes mellitus: Resistin, microRNA, and exosome. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1257-1272. [PMID: 28688216 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Saeedi Borujeni
- Department of Anatomical SCIENCES and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiary
- Department of Anatomical SCIENCES and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Pilar Codoñer‐Franch
- Department of PediatricsObstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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44
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Siddiqui K, George TP. Resistin role in development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Biomark Med 2017; 11:579-586. [PMID: 28685604 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is estimated to be one of the major causes of deaths in most countries due to its high prevalence rate, which was 8.8% in 2015. Hyperglycemia detected during pregnancy is known as gestational diabetes mellitus and it increases the potential risk of development of Type 2 diabetes in mothers with its varying prevalence rate of 1-14% in different populations. It also leads to the higher risk of developing abnormal glucose tolerance and obesity in their child at an early age. Recent studies show that potential mediators of insulin resistance such as adipokines - adiponectin, leptin and resistin are important for glucose and lipid metabolism. Adipokines are directly involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue. It is also involved in inflammation, adipose tissue accumulation, adverse fat distribution and subsequently affects glucose metabolism. This review highlights the role of resistin (an adipokine) in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teena P George
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Chmiela M, Gonciarz W. Molecular mimicry in Helicobacter pylori infections. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3964-3977. [PMID: 28652651 PMCID: PMC5473117 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize gastric mucosa in humans and increase the risk of serious diseases such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, stomach cancers and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of several extragastric diseases has been suggested including immune thrombocytopenic purpura, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and dermatological disorders. Also neurological diseases and even lung cancer have attracted researchers concern. The relation between H. pylori infection and a growth retardation in children has also been suggested. Many mechanisms of molecular mimicry between H. pylori and the host have been proposed as a pathogen strategy to manipulate the immune system of the host in order to remain unrecognized and avoid eradication. A lot of effort has been put into the demonstration of homologous sequences between H. pylori and host compounds. However, knowledge about how often autoantibodies or autoreactive T lymphocytes induced during H. pylori infections cause pathological disorders is insufficient. This review provides data on H. pylori antigenic mimicry and possible deleterious effects due to the induction of immune response to the components common to these bacteria and the host.
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46
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Zhang X, Lerman LO. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Transl Res 2017; 183:14-25. [PMID: 28025032 PMCID: PMC5393937 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which may also foster development of chronic kidney disease. The mechanisms of MetS-induced kidney disease are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent discoveries regarding the impact of MetS on the kidney, particularly on the renal microvasculature and cellular mitochondria. Fundamental manifestations of MetS include IR and adipose tissue expansion, the latter promoting chronic inflammation and oxidative stress that exacerbate IR. Those in turn can elicit various kidney injurious events through endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and adipokine imbalance. Inflammation and IR are also major contributors to microvascular remodeling and podocyte injury. Hence, these events may result in hypertension, albuminuria, and parenchymal damage. In addition, dyslipidemia and excessive nutrient availability may impair mitochondrial function and thereby promote progression of kidney cell damage. Elucidation of the link between MetS and kidney injury may help develop preventative measures and possibly novel therapeutic targets to alleviate and avert development of renal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
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47
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Niu M, Xiang L, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Yuan J, Dai X, Chen H. Adiponectin induced AMP-activated protein kinase impairment mediates insulin resistance in Bama mini-pig fed high-fat and high-sucrose diet. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1190-1197. [PMID: 28423886 PMCID: PMC5494494 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue is no longer considered as an inert storage organ for lipid, but instead is thought to play an active role in regulating insulin effects via secretion adipokines. However, conflicting reports have emerged regarding the effects of adipokines. In this study, we investigated the role of adipokines in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in obese Bama mini-pigs. METHODS An obesity model was established in Bama mini-pigs, by feeding with high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 30 weeks. Plasma glucose and blood biochemistry levels were measured, and intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed. Adipokines, including adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and glucose-induced insulin secretion were also examined by radioimmunoassay. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, which is a useful insulin resistance marker, was examined by immunoblotting. Additionally, associations of AMPK phosphorylation with plasma adipokines and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were assessed by Pearce's correlation analysis. RESULTS Obese pigs showed hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and insulin resistance. Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05) and IL-6 amounts dramatically increased (p<0.05) in obese pigs both in serum and adipose tissue, corroborating data from obese mice and humans. However, circulating resistin and TNF-α showed no difference, while the values of TNF-α in adipose tissue were significantly higher in obese pigs, also in agreement with data from obese humans but not rodent models. Moreover, strong associations of skeletal muscle AMPK phosphorylation with plasma adiponectin and HOMA-IR index were obtained. CONCLUSION AMPK impairment induced by adiponectin decrease mediates insulin resistance in high-fat and high-sucrose diet induction. In addition, Bama mini-pig has the possibility of a conformable model for human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Niu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jifang Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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48
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Pendeloski KPT, Ono E, Torloni MR, Mattar R, Daher S. Maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators: A controversial association. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28328066 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators is still unclear. Our aim was to summarize the main findings of recently published studies on this topic. We performed a search in Medline for studies published in the last years on obesity, human pregnancy, and inflammatory mediators. We report the findings of 30 studies. The characteristics and number of participants, study design, gestational age at sample collection, and type of sample varied widely. Approximately two-thirds of them investigated more than one mediator, and 50% included participants in only one trimester of pregnancy. The most frequently investigated mediators were leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. Almost all studies reported an association between maternal obesity, leptin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels but not with IL-1β and IL-10. The association of IL-6, TNF-α, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, and resistin with maternal obesity is still controversial. To clarify the physiopathological link between maternal obesity and inflammation, more high-quality studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Ono
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Torloni
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Daher
- Department of Obstetrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Zmora N, Bashiardes S, Levy M, Elinav E. The Role of the Immune System in Metabolic Health and Disease. Cell Metab 2017; 25:506-521. [PMID: 28273474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the immune system's traditional roles of conferring anti-infectious and anti-neoplastic protection, it has been recently implicated in the regulation of systemic metabolic homeostasis. This cross-talk between the immune and the metabolic systems is pivotal in promoting "metabolic health" throughout the life of an organism and plays fundamental roles in its adaptation to ever-changing environmental makeups and nutritional availability. Perturbations in this intricate immune-metabolic cross-talk contribute to the tendency to develop altered metabolic states that may culminate in metabolic disorders such as malnutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and other features of the metabolic syndrome. Regulators of immune-metabolic interactions include host genetics, nutritional status, and the intestinal microbiome. In this Perspective, we highlight current understanding of immune-metabolism interactions, illustrate differences among individuals and between populations in this respect, and point toward future avenues of research possibly enabling immune harnessing as means of personalized treatment for common metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Zmora
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Internal Medicine Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Stavros Bashiardes
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maayan Levy
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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50
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Smekal A, Vaclavik J. Adipokines and cardiovascular disease: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:31-40. [PMID: 28228651 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are peptides that signal the functional status of adipose tissue to the brain and other target organs. In adipose tissue dysfunction, adipokine secretion is altered, and this can contribute to a spectrum of obesity-associated conditions including cardiovascular disease. Some adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects (omentin, apelin, adiponectin). Others are pro-inflammatory with negative impact on cardiovascular function (leptin, visfatin, resistin, adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein). In the first part, this article reviews the endocrine functions of adipose tissue in general, effects of the distribution and composition of fat tissue, and the roles of cortisol and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the development of the inflammatory state of addipose tissue. In the second part, the known cardiovascular effects of different adipokines and their clinical potential are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Smekal
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vaclavik
- Department of Internal Medicine I - Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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