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Koemans EA, Perosa V, Freeze WM, Lee H, Kozberg MG, Coughlan GT, Buckley RF, Wermer MJ, Greenberg SM, van Veluw SJ. Sex differences in histopathological markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related hemorrhage. Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241255276. [PMID: 38703035 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241255276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) may have an earlier onset of intracerebral hemorrhage and a more hemorrhagic disease course compared to women. In this cohort study, we investigated sex differences in histopathological markers associated with amyloid-β burden and hemorrhage in cognitively impaired individuals and patients with CAA, using neuropathological data from two autopsy databases. METHODS First, we investigated presence of parenchymal (Thal score) and vascular amyloid-β (CAA severity score) in cognitively impaired individuals from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) neuropathology database. Next, we examined sex differences in hemorrhagic ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers and local cortical iron burden and the interaction of sex on factors associated with cortical iron burden (CAA percentage area and vessel remodeling) in patients with pathologically confirmed clinical CAA from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) CAA neuropathology database. RESULTS In 6120 individuals from the NACC database (45% women, mean age 80 years), the presence of parenchymal amyloid-β (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) =0.68 (0.53-0.88)) but not vascular amyloid-β was less in men compared to women. In 19 patients with definite CAA from the MGH CAA database (35% women, mean age 75 years), a lower microbleed count (p < 0.001) but a higher proportion of cortical superficial siderosis and a higher local cortical iron burden was found in men (p < 0.001) compared to women. CAA percentage area was comparable in men and women (p = 0.732). Exploratory analyses demonstrated a possible stronger negative relation between cortical CAA percentage area and cortical iron density in men compared to women (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Previously observed sex differences in hemorrhage onset and progression in CAA patients are likely not due to differences in global CAA severity between men and women. Other factors, such as vascular remodeling, may contribute, but future studies are necessary to replicate our findings in larger data sets and to further investigate the underlying mechanisms behind these complex sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Koemans
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Perosa
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Whitney M Freeze
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hang Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariel G Kozberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gillian T Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marieke Jh Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Vervuurt M, Schrader JM, de Kort AM, Kersten I, Wessels HJCT, Klijn CJM, Schreuder FHBM, Kuiperij HB, Gloerich J, Van Nostrand WE, Verbeek MM. Cerebrospinal fluid shotgun proteomics identifies distinct proteomic patterns in cerebral amyloid angiopathy rodent models and human patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38191511 PMCID: PMC10775534 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a form of small vessel disease characterised by the progressive deposition of amyloid β protein in the cerebral vasculature, inducing symptoms including cognitive impairment and cerebral haemorrhages. Due to their accessibility and homogeneous disease phenotypes, animal models are advantageous platforms to study diseases like CAA. Untargeted proteomics studies of CAA rat models (e.g. rTg-DI) and CAA patients provide opportunities for the identification of novel biomarkers of CAA. We performed untargeted, data-independent acquisition proteomic shotgun analyses on the cerebrospinal fluid of rTg-DI rats and wild-type (WT) littermates. Rodents were analysed at 3 months (n = 6/10), 6 months (n = 8/8), and 12 months (n = 10/10) for rTg-DI and WT respectively. For humans, proteomic analyses were performed on CSF of sporadic CAA patients (sCAA) and control participants (n = 39/28). We show recurring patterns of differentially expressed (mostly increased) proteins in the rTg-DI rats compared to wild type rats, especially of proteases of the cathepsin protein family (CTSB, CTSD, CTSS), and their main inhibitor (CST3). In sCAA patients, decreased levels of synaptic proteins (e.g. including VGF, NPTX1, NRXN2) and several members of the granin family (SCG1, SCG2, SCG3, SCG5) compared to controls were discovered. Additionally, several serine protease inhibitors of the SERPIN protein family (including SERPINA3, SERPINC1 and SERPING1) were differentially expressed compared to controls. Fifteen proteins were significantly altered in both rTg-DI rats and sCAA patients, including (amongst others) SCG5 and SERPING1. These results identify specific groups of proteins likely involved in, or affected by, pathophysiological processes involved in CAA pathology such as protease and synapse function of rTg-DI rat models and sCAA patients, and may serve as candidate biomarkers for sCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vervuurt
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph M Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anna M de Kort
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kersten
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J C T Wessels
- Department of Human Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H B M Schreuder
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Bea Kuiperij
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Department of Human Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 830 TML, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Wang K, Zhang B, Du H, Duan H, Jiang Z, Fang S. Research landscape and trends of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a 25-year scientometric analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1334360. [PMID: 38259658 PMCID: PMC10800472 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1334360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a cerebral small vessel disease affecting leptomeningeal and cortical small blood vessels, is a common cause of spontaneous lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive impairment, particularly in elderly patients. This study aims to investigate the field of CAA research from a scientometric perspective. Methods Publications related to CAA from January 1st, 1999 to September 29th, 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The scientometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze and visualize the publication trends, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, cited references, and keywords of CAA. Results A total of 2,798 publications related to CAA from 73 countries/regions, led by the United States, were included. The number of publications showed an increasing trend over time. Massachusetts General Hospital was the most productive institution, and authors Greenberg and Charidimou published the most papers and were most frequently co-cited. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease was the most prolific journal in this field, and Neurology was the most co-cited journal. Apart from "cerebral amyloid angiopathy", the most frequently used keywords were "Alzheimer's disease", "amyloid beta", "intracerebral hemorrhage", and "dementia". The burst keywords in recent years included "cortical superficial siderosis" and "dysfunction". Conclusions This scientometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of CAA research over the past 25 years, and offers important insights for future research directions and scientific decision-making in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaokuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Steiner K, Humpel C. Beta-Amyloid Enhances Vessel Formation in Organotypic Brain Slices Connected to Microcontact Prints. Biomolecules 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38275744 PMCID: PMC10812928 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the blood-brain barrier breakdown, blood vessel damage and re-organization are early events. Deposits of the small toxic peptide beta-amyloid (Aβ) cause the formation of extracellular plaques and accumulate in vessels disrupting the blood flow but may also play a role in blood clotting. In the present study, we aim to explore the impact of Aβ on the migration of endothelial cells and subsequent vessel formation. We use organotypic brain slices of postnatal day 10 wildtype mice (C57BL/6) and connect them to small microcontact prints (µCPs) of collagen. Our data show that laminin-positive endothelial cells migrate onto collagen µCPs, but without any vessel formation after 4 weeks. When the µCPs are loaded with human Aβ40, (aggregated) human Aβ42 and mouse Aβ42 peptides, the number and migration distance of endothelial cells are significantly reduced, but with a more pronounced subsequent vessel formation. The vessel formation is verified by zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and -2 stainings and confocal microscopy. In addition, the vessel formation is accompanied by a stronger GFAP-positive astroglial formation. Finally, we show that vessels can grow towards convergence when two opposed slices are connected via microcontact-printed lanes. In conclusion, our data show that Aβ promotes vessel formation, and organotypic brain slices connected to collagen µCPs provide a potent tool to study vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Aurelian S, Ciobanu A, Cărare R, Stoica SI, Anghelescu A, Ciobanu V, Onose G, Munteanu C, Popescu C, Andone I, Spînu A, Firan C, Cazacu IS, Trandafir AI, Băilă M, Postoiu RL, Zamfirescu A. Topical Cellular/Tissue and Molecular Aspects Regarding Nonpharmacological Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16533. [PMID: 38003723 PMCID: PMC10671501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most complex and challenging developments at the beginning of the third millennium is the alarming increase in demographic aging, mainly-but not exclusively-affecting developed countries. This reality results in one of the harsh medical, social, and economic consequences: the continuously increasing number of people with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which accounts for up to 80% of all such types of pathology. Its large and progressive disabling potential, which eventually leads to death, therefore represents an important public health matter, especially because there is no known cure for this disease. Consequently, periodic reappraisals of different therapeutic possibilities are necessary. For this purpose, we conducted this systematic literature review investigating nonpharmacological interventions for AD, including their currently known cellular and molecular action bases. This endeavor was based on the PRISMA method, by which we selected 116 eligible articles published during the last year. Because of the unfortunate lack of effective treatments for AD, it is necessary to enhance efforts toward identifying and improving various therapeutic and rehabilitative approaches, as well as related prophylactic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Aurelian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Clinic Division, St. Luca Hospital for Chronic Illnesses, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Ciobanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Cărare
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK;
| | - Simona-Isabelle Stoica
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
- Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelian Anghelescu
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
- Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Ciobanu
- Computer Science Department, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gelu Onose
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Constantin Munteanu
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Ioana Andone
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Aura Spînu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Carmen Firan
- NeuroRehabilitation Compartment, The Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine & Balneology Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital of the Ilfov County, 022104 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Simona Cazacu
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Andreea-Iulia Trandafir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Mihai Băilă
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Ruxandra-Luciana Postoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- NeuroRehabilitation Clinic Division, Teaching Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-I.S.); (A.A.); (I.S.C.)
| | - Andreea Zamfirescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020022 Bucharest, Romania; (S.A.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (I.A.); (A.S.); (A.-I.T.); (M.B.); (R.-L.P.); (A.Z.)
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Clinic Division, St. Luca Hospital for Chronic Illnesses, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
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Platholi J, Marongiu R, Park L, Yu F, Sommer G, Weinberger R, Tower W, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Hippocampal glial inflammatory markers are differentially altered in a novel mouse model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1280218. [PMID: 38035277 PMCID: PMC10684955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1280218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is often characterized by age-dependent cerebrovascular pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits with notable sex differences in risk, disease onset, progression and severity. Women bear a disproportionate burden of dementia, and the onset of menopause (i.e., perimenopause) may be a critical period conferring increased susceptibility. However, the contribution of early ovarian decline to the neuroinflammatory processes associated with cerebrovascular dementia risks, particularly at the initial stages of pathology that may be more amenable to proactive intervention, is unknown. To better understand the influence of early ovarian failure on dementia-associated neuroinflammation we developed a model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), an important contributor to dementia. For this, accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) was induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) treatment to isolate early-stage ovarian failure comparable to human perimenopause (termed "peri-AOF") in transgenic SWDI mice expressing human vasculotropic mutant amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein, that were also tested at an early stage of amyloidosis. We found that peri-AOF SWDI mice showed increased astrocyte activation accompanied by elevated Aβ in select regions of the hippocampus, a brain system involved in learning and memory that is severely impacted during dementia. However, although SWDI mice showed signs of increased hippocampal microglial activation and impaired cognitive function, this was not further affected by peri-AOF. In sum, these results suggest that elevated dysfunction of key elements of the neurovascular unit in select hippocampal regions characterizes the brain pathology of mice at early stages of both CAA and AOF. However, neurovascular unit pathology may not yet have passed a threshold that leads to further behavioral compromise at these early periods of cerebral amyloidosis and ovarian failure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hormonal dysregulation associated with perimenopause onset represents a stage of emerging vulnerability to dementia-associated neuropathology, thus providing a selective window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention prior to the development of advanced pathology that has proven difficult to repair or reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Anesthesiology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Marongiu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Genetic Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Laibaik Park
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fangmin Yu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Garrett Sommer
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rena Weinberger
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - William Tower
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
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Khan F, Qiu H. Amyloid-β: A potential mediator of aging-related vascular pathologies. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107213. [PMID: 37625763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most promising risk factors for vascular diseases, however, the precise mechanisms mediating aging-related pathologies are not fully understood. Amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide produced by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is known as a key mediator of brain damage involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it was found that the accumulation of Aβ in the vascular wall is linked to a range of aging-related vascular pathologies, indicating a potential role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of aging-associated vascular diseases. In the present review, we have updated the molecular regulation of Aβ in vascular cells and tissues, summarized the relevance of the Aβ deposition with vascular aging and diseases, and the role of Aβ dysregulation in aging-associated vascular pathologies, including the impaired vascular response, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will provide advanced information in understanding aging-related vascular pathologies and a new avenue to explore therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA.
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Yang R, Yang X, Zhang F. New Perspectives of Taxifolin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2097-2109. [PMID: 36740800 PMCID: PMC10556370 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230203101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by cognitive and motor dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. These diseases have become more severe over time and cannot be cured currently. Until now, most treatments for these diseases are only used to relieve the symptoms. Taxifolin (TAX), 3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone, also named dihydroquercetin, is a compound derived primarily from Douglas fir and Larix gemelini. TAX has been confirmed to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-virus, and regulation of oxidative stress effects. In the central nervous system, TAX has been demonstrated to inhibit Aβ fibril formation, protect neurons and improve cerebral blood flow, cognitive ability, and dyskinesia. At present, TAX is only applied as a health additive in clinical practice. This review aimed to summarize the application of TAX in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms, such as suppressing inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, preventing Aβ protein formation, maintaining dopamine levels, and thus reducing neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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9
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Zeng P, Liu YC, Wang XM, Ye CY, Sun YW, Su HF, Qiu SW, Li YN, Wang Y, Wang YC, Ma J, Li M, Tian Q. Targets and mechanisms of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel fruits in treating neurodegenerative dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1013891. [PMID: 36533181 PMCID: PMC9749063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1013891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dried and ripe fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla and ripe fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel (AO) have the effects of tonifying kidney-essence and nourishing intelligence and thus have been widely used in treating dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a typical form of neurodegenerative dementia with kidney-essence deficiency in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). So far, there is a lack of systematic studies on the biological basis of tonifying kidney-essence and nourishing intelligence and the corresponding phytochemicals. In this study, we investigated the targets of AO in tonifying kidney-essence and nourishing intelligence based on the key pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative dementia. According to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry data and Lipinski's rule of five, 49 bioactive phytochemicals from AO were identified, and 26 of them were found to target 168 key molecules in the treatment of neurodegenerative dementia. Nine phytochemicals of AO were shown to target acetylcholinesterase (ACHE), and 19 phytochemicals were shown to target butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE). A database of neurodegenerative dementia with kidney-essence deficiency involving 731 genes was constructed. Furthermore, yakuchinone B, 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) heptan-3-one (5-HYD), oxyhylladiketone, oxyphyllacinol, butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside, dibutyl phthalate, chrysin, yakuchinone A, rhamnetin, and rhamnocitrin were identified as the key phytochemicals from AO that regulate the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dementia in a multitargeted manner. The approach of studying the pharmacological mechanism underlying the effects of medicinal plants and the biological basis of TCM syndrome may be helpful in studying the translation of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Wen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Fei Su
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo-Wen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Kiani Shabestari S, Morabito S, Danhash EP, McQuade A, Sanchez JR, Miyoshi E, Chadarevian JP, Claes C, Coburn MA, Hasselmann J, Hidalgo J, Tran KN, Martini AC, Chang Rothermich W, Pascual J, Head E, Hume DA, Pridans C, Davtyan H, Swarup V, Blurton-Jones M. Absence of microglia promotes diverse pathologies and early lethality in Alzheimer's disease mice. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110961. [PMID: 35705056 PMCID: PMC9285116 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are strongly implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their impact on pathology and lifespan remains unclear. Here we utilize a CSF1R hypomorphic mouse to generate a model of AD that genetically lacks microglia. The resulting microglial-deficient mice exhibit a profound shift from parenchymal amyloid plaques to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is accompanied by numerous transcriptional changes, greatly increased brain calcification and hemorrhages, and premature lethality. Remarkably, a single injection of wild-type microglia into adult mice repopulates the microglial niche and prevents each of these pathological changes. Taken together, these results indicate the protective functions of microglia in reducing CAA, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and brain calcification. To further understand the clinical implications of these findings, human AD tissue and iPSC-microglia were examined, providing evidence that microglia phagocytose calcium crystals, and this process is impaired by loss of the AD risk gene, TREM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Kiani Shabestari
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational and System Biology (MCSB) Program, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emma Pascal Danhash
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jessica Ramirez Sanchez
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Emily Miyoshi
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christel Claes
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Morgan Alexandra Coburn
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kayla Nhi Tran
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alessandra C Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Jesse Pascual
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; The Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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11
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Vargas-George S, Dave KR. Models of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral hemorrhage. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Marazuela P, Paez-Montserrat B, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Solé M, Hernández-Guillamon M. Impact of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Two Transgenic Mouse Models of Cerebral β-Amyloidosis: A Neuropathological Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094972. [PMID: 35563362 PMCID: PMC9103818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of parenchymal and vascular amyloid-beta (Aβ) are the main hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA), respectively. Emerging evidence raises an important contribution of vascular dysfunction in AD pathology that could partially explain the failure of anti-Aβ therapies in this field. Transgenic mice models of cerebral β-amyloidosis are essential to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying amyloid accumulation in the cerebrovasculature and its interactions with neuritic plaque deposition. Here, our main objective was to evaluate the progression of both parenchymal and vascular deposition in APP23 and 5xFAD transgenic mice in relation to age and sex. We first showed a significant age-dependent accumulation of extracellular Aβ deposits in both transgenic models, with a greater increase in APP23 females. We confirmed that CAA pathology was more prominent in the APP23 mice, demonstrating a higher progression of Aβ-positive vessels with age, but not linked to sex, and detecting a pronounced burden of cerebral microbleeds (cMBs) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In contrast, 5xFAD mice did not present CAA, as shown by the negligible Aβ presence in cerebral vessels and the occurrence of occasional cMBs comparable to WT mice. In conclusion, the APP23 mouse model is an interesting tool to study the overlap between vascular and parenchymal Aβ deposition and to evaluate future disease-modifying therapy before its translation to the clinic.
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13
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Fisher RA, Miners JS, Love S. Pathological changes within the cerebral vasculature in Alzheimer's disease: New perspectives. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13061. [PMID: 35289012 PMCID: PMC9616094 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease underpins vascular dementia (VaD), but structural and functional changes to the cerebral vasculature contribute to disease pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we discuss the contribution of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and non‐amyloid small vessel disease in AD, and the accompanying changes to the density, maintenance and remodelling of vessels (including alterations to the composition and function of the cerebrovascular basement membrane). We consider how abnormalities of the constituent cells of the neurovascular unit – particularly of endothelial cells and pericytes – and impairment of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) impact on the pathogenesis of AD. We also discuss how changes to the cerebral vasculature are likely to impair Aβ clearance – both intra‐periarteriolar drainage (IPAD) and transport of Aβ peptides across the BBB, and how impaired neurovascular coupling and reduced blood flow in relation to metabolic demand increase amyloidogenic processing of APP and the production of Aβ. We review the vasoactive properties of Aβ peptides themselves, and the probable bi‐directional relationship between vascular dysfunction and Aβ accumulation in AD. Lastly, we discuss recent methodological advances in transcriptomics and imaging that have provided novel insights into vascular changes in AD, and recent advances in assessment of the retina that allow in vivo detection of vascular changes in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Fisher
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - J Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
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14
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Chen Y, Chang J, Wei J, Feng M, Wang R. Assessing the Evolution of Intracranial Hematomas by using Animal Models: A Review of the Progress and the Challenges. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2205-2214. [PMID: 34417943 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke has become the second leading cause of death in people aged higher than 60 years, with cancer being the first. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal type of stroke. Using imaging techniques to evaluate the evolution of intracranial hematomas in patients with hemorrhagic stroke is worthy of ongoing research. The difficulty in obtaining ultra-early imaging data and conducting intensive dynamic radiographic imaging in actual clinical settings has led to the application of experimental animal models to assess the evolution of intracranial hematomas. Herein, we review the current knowledge on primary intracerebral hemorrhage mechanisms, focus on the progress of animal studies related to hematoma development and secondary brain injury, introduce preclinical therapies, and summarize related challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junji Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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15
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Ni R. Positron Emission Tomography in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloidosis: Translational Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1179. [PMID: 34832961 PMCID: PMC8623863 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in preclinical research and have greatly enabled the mechanistic understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the development of therapeutics. Comprehensive deep phenotyping of the pathophysiological and biochemical features in these animal models is essential. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the non-invasive visualization of the alterations in the brain of animal models and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. These tools have facilitated our understanding of disease mechanisms and provided longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. In this review, we focus on recent positron emission tomography studies of cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation, hypoglucose metabolism, synaptic and neurotransmitter receptor deficits (cholinergic and glutamatergic system), blood-brain barrier impairment, and neuroinflammation (microgliosis and astrocytosis) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. We further propose the emerging targets and tracers for reflecting the pathophysiological changes and discuss outstanding challenges in disease animal models and future outlook in the on-chip characterization of imaging biomarkers towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH & University of Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Patel AG, Nehete PN, Krivoshik SR, Pei X, Cho EL, Nehete BP, Ramani MD, Shao Y, Williams LE, Wisniewski T, Scholtzova H. Innate immunity stimulation via CpG oligodeoxynucleotides ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in aged squirrel monkeys. Brain 2021; 144:2146-2165. [PMID: 34128045 PMCID: PMC8502485 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and the only illness among the top 10 causes of death for which there is no disease-modifying therapy. The failure rate of clinical trials is very high, in part due to the premature translation of successful results in transgenic mouse models to patients. Extensive evidence suggests that dysregulation of innate immunity and microglia/macrophages plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Activated resident microglia and peripheral macrophages can display protective or detrimental phenotypes depending on the stimulus and environment. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immune regulators known to play an important role in governing the phenotypic status of microglia. We have shown in multiple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse models that harnessing innate immunity via TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) modulates age-related defects associated with immune cells and safely reduces amyloid plaques, oligomeric amyloid-β, tau pathology, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) while promoting cognitive benefits. In the current study we have used a non-human primate model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease pathology that develops extensive CAA-elderly squirrel monkeys. The major complications in current immunotherapeutic trials for Alzheimer's disease are amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, which are linked to the presence and extent of CAA; hence, the prominence of CAA in elderly squirrel monkeys makes them a valuable model for studying the safety of the CpG ODN-based concept of immunomodulation. We demonstrate that long-term use of Class B CpG ODN 2006 induces a favourable degree of innate immunity stimulation without producing excessive or sustained inflammation, resulting in efficient amelioration of both CAA and tau Alzheimer's disease-related pathologies in association with behavioural improvements and in the absence of microhaemorrhages in aged elderly squirrel monkeys. CpG ODN 2006 has been well established in numerous human trials for a variety of diseases. The present evidence together with our earlier, extensive preclinical research, validates the beneficial therapeutic outcomes and safety of this innovative immunomodulatory approach, increasing the likelihood of CpG ODN therapeutic efficacy in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash G Patel
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara R Krivoshik
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xuewei Pei
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Cho
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bharti P Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Margish D Ramani
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Division of Biostatistics, Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lawrence E Williams
- Department of Comparative Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henrieta Scholtzova
- Center for Cognitive Neurology and Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX 78602, USA
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17
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Maniskas ME, Mack AF, Morales-Scheihing D, Finger C, Zhu L, Paulter R, Urayama A, McCullough LD, Manwani B. Sex differences in a murine model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100260. [PMID: 34589766 PMCID: PMC8474688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the common causes of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in the aging population. Increased amyloid plaque deposition within cerebral blood vessels, specifically the smooth muscle layer, is linked to increased cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and impaired cognition in CAA. Studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown that amyloid plaque pathology is more prevalent in the brains of elderly women (2/3rd of the dementia population) compared with men, however, there is a paucity of studies on sex differences in CAA. The objective of this study was to discern the sexual dichotomies in CAA. We utilized male and female Tg-SwDI mice (mouse model of CAA) at 12-14 months of age for this study. We evaluated sex differences in CMBs, cognitive function and inflammation. Cognition was assessed using Y-maze (spatial working memory) and Fear Conditioning (contextual memory). CMBs were quantified by ex vivo brain MRI scans. Inflammatory cytokines in brain were quantified using ELISA. Our results demonstrated that aging Tg-SwDI female mice had a significantly higher burden of CMBs on MRI as compared to males. Interestingly, these aging Tg-SwDI female mice also had significantly impaired spatial and contextual memory on Y maze and Fear Conditioning respectively. Furthermore, female mice had significantly lower circulating inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, and IFN-γ, as compared to males. Our results demonstrate that aging female Tg-SwDI mice are more cognitively impaired and have higher number of CMBs, as compared to males at 12-14 months of age. This may be secondary to reduced levels of neural repair cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9 and IFN-γ) involved in sex specific inflammatory signaling in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Maniskas
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexis F. Mack
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diego Morales-Scheihing
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carson Finger
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robia Paulter
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Akihiko Urayama
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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18
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Mendes FR, Leclerc JL, Liu L, Kamat PK, Naziripour A, Hernandez D, Li C, Ahmad AS, Doré S. Effect of Experimental Ischemic Stroke and PGE2 EP1 Selective Antagonism in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:173-187. [PMID: 31985468 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the most recognized pathways in mediating neuroinflammation is the prostaglandin E2-EP1 receptor pathway. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the efficacy of the selective EP1 antagonist ONO-8713 in limiting amyloid-β (Aβ), lesion volumes, and behavioral indexes in AD mouse models after ischemic stroke. METHODS Transgenic APP/PS1, 3xTgAD, and wildtype (WT) mice were subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO) and sham surgeries. Functional outcomes, memory, anatomical outcomes, and Aβ concentrations were assessed 14 days after surgery. RESULTS pdMCAO resulted in significant deterioration in functional and anatomical outcomes in the transgenic mice compared with the WT mice. No relevant differences were observed in the behavioral tests when comparing the ONO-8713 and vehicle-treated groups. Significantly lower cavitation (p = 0.0373) and percent tissue loss (p = 0.0247) were observed in APP/PS1 + ONO-8713 mice compared with the WT + ONO-8713 mice. However, the percent tissue injury was significantly higher in APP/PS1 + ONO-8713 mice compared with the WT + ONO-8713 group (p = 0.0373). Percent tissue loss was also significantly lower in the 3xTgAD + ONO-8713 mice than in the WT + ONO-8713 mice (p = 0.0185). ONO-8713 treatment also attenuated cortical microgliosis in APP/PS1 mice as compared with the vehicle (p = 0.0079); however, no differences were observed in astrogliosis across the groups. Finally, APP/PS1 mice presented with characteristic Aβ load in the cortex while 3xTgAD mice exhibited very low Aβ levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, EP1 receptor antagonist ONO-8713 showed modest benefits in anatomical outcomes after stroke, mainly in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fúlvio R Mendes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Jenna L Leclerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Psychiatry, and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arash Naziripour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Damian Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chris Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abdullah S Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Psychiatry, and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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19
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Lee H, Xu F, Liu X, Koundal S, Zhu X, Davis J, Yanez D, Schrader J, Stanisavljevic A, Rothman DL, Wardlaw J, Van Nostrand WE, Benveniste H. Diffuse white matter loss in a transgenic rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1103-1118. [PMID: 32791876 PMCID: PMC8054716 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20944226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse white matter (WM) disease is highly prevalent in elderly with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). In humans, cSVD such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) often coexists with Alzheimer's disease imposing a significant impediment for characterizing their distinct effects on WM. Here we studied the burden of age-related CAA pathology on WM disease in a novel transgenic rat model of CAA type 1 (rTg-DI). A cohort of rTg-DI and wild-type rats was scanned longitudinally using MRI for characterization of morphometry, cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and WM integrity. In rTg-DI rats, a distinct pattern of WM loss was observed at 9 M and 11 M. MRI also revealed manifestation of small CMB in thalamus at 6 M, which preceded WM loss and progressively enlarged until the moribund disease stage. Histology revealed myelin loss in the corpus callosum and thalamic CMB in all rTg-DI rats, the latter of which manifested in close proximity to occluded and calcified microvessels. The quantitation of CAA load in rTg-DI rats revealed that the most extensive microvascular Aβ deposition occurred in the thalamus. For the first time using in vivo MRI, we show that CAA type 1 pathology alone is associated with a distinct pattern of WM loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sunil Koundal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Judianne Davis
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - David Yanez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Schrader
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Aleksandra Stanisavljevic
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience and the Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, RI, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Watanabe N, Noda Y, Nemoto T, Iimura K, Shimizu T, Hotta H. Cerebral artery dilation during transient ischemia is impaired by amyloid β deposition around the cerebral artery in Alzheimer's disease model mice. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:57. [PMID: 33302862 PMCID: PMC10718030 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemia is an exacerbation factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to examine the influence of amyloid β (Aβ) deposition around the cerebral (pial) artery in terms of diameter changes in the cerebral artery during transient ischemia in AD model mice (APPNL-G-F) under urethane anesthesia. Cerebral vasculature and Aβ deposition were examined using two-photon microscopy. Cerebral ischemia was induced by transient occlusion of the unilateral common carotid artery. The diameter of the pial artery was quantitatively measured. In wild-type mice, the diameter of arteries increased during occlusion and returned to their basal diameter after re-opening. In AD model mice, the artery response during occlusion differed depending on Aβ deposition sites. Arterial diameter changes at non-Aβ deposition site were similar to those in wild-type mice, whereas they were significantly smaller at Aβ deposition site. The results suggest that cerebral artery changes during ischemia are impaired by Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Animal Facility, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Taeko Nemoto
- Animal Facility, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kaori Iimura
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
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21
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Honarpisheh P, Lee J, Banerjee A, Blasco-Conesa MP, Honarpisheh P, d'Aigle J, Mamun AA, Ritzel RM, Chauhan A, Ganesh BP, McCullough LD. Potential caveats of putative microglia-specific markers for assessment of age-related cerebrovascular neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:366. [PMID: 33261619 PMCID: PMC7709276 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to distinguish resident microglia from infiltrating myeloid cells by flow cytometry-based surface phenotyping is an important technique for examining age-related neuroinflammation. The most commonly used surface markers for the identification of microglia include CD45 (low-intermediate expression), CD11b, Tmem119, and P2RY12. METHODS In this study, we examined changes in expression levels of these putative microglia markers in in vivo animal models of stroke, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and aging as well as in an ex vivo LPS-induced inflammation model. RESULTS We demonstrate that Tmem119 and P2RY12 expression is evident within both CD45int and CD45high myeloid populations in models of stroke, CAA, and aging. Interestingly, LPS stimulation of FACS-sorted adult microglia suggested that these brain-resident myeloid cells can upregulate CD45 and downregulate Tmem119 and P2RY12, making them indistinguishable from peripherally derived myeloid populations. Importantly, our findings show that these changes in the molecular signatures of microglia can occur without a contribution from the other brain-resident or peripherally sourced immune cells. CONCLUSION We recommend future studies approach microglia identification by flow cytometry with caution, particularly in the absence of the use of a combination of markers validated for the specific neuroinflammation model of interest. The subpopulation of resident microglia residing within the "infiltrating myeloid" population, albeit small, may be functionally important in maintaining immune vigilance in the brain thus should not be overlooked in neuroimmunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anik Banerjee
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Maria P Blasco-Conesa
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Parisa Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John d'Aigle
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas John P. and Kathrine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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22
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Tuo QZ, Zou JJ, Lei P. Rodent Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Maliszewska-Cyna E, Vecchio LM, Thomason LAM, Oore JJ, Steinman J, Joo IL, Dorr A, McLaurin J, Sled JG, Stefanovic B, Aubert I. The effects of voluntary running on cerebrovascular morphology and spatial short-term memory in a mouse model of amyloidosis. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117269. [PMID: 32818618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been correlated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline, including that associated with vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); recent literature suggests this may in part result from benefits to the cerebrovascular network. Using a transgenic (Tg) mouse model of AD, we evaluated the effect of running on cortical and hippocampal vascular morphology, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, amyloid plaque load, and spatial memory. TgCRND8 mice present with progressive amyloid pathology, advancing from the cortex to the hippocampus in a time-dependent manner. We postulated that the characteristic progression of pathology could lead to differential, time-dependent effects of physical activity on vascular morphology in these brain regions at 6 months of age. We used two-photon fluorescent microscopy and 3D vessel tracking to characterize vascular and amyloid pathology in sedentary TgCRND8 mice compared those who have a history of physical activity (unlimited access to a running wheel, from 3 to 6 months of age). In sedentary TgCRND8 mice, capillary density was found to be lower in the cortex and higher in the hippocampus compared to non-transgenic (nonTg) littermates. Capillary length, vessel branching, and non-capillary vessel tortuosity were also higher in the hippocampus of sedentary TgCRND8 compared to nonTg mice. Three months of voluntary running resulted in normalizing cortical and hippocampal microvascular morphology, with no significant difference between TgCRND8 and nonTg mice. The benefits of physical activity on cortical and hippocampal vasculature in 6-month old TgCRND8 mice were not paralleled by significant changes on parenchymal and cerebral amyloid pathology. Short-term spatial memory- as evaluated by performance in the Y-maze- was significantly improved in running compared to sedentary TgCRND8 mice. These results suggest that long-term voluntary running contributes to the maintenance of vascular morphology and spatial memory in TgCRND8 mice, even in the absence of an effect on amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Maliszewska-Cyna
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, S112, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Laura M Vecchio
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, S112, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Lynsie A M Thomason
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Oore
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, S112, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Joe Steinman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Illsung Lewis Joo
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
| | - Adrienne Dorr
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
| | - JoAnne McLaurin
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, S112, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences, Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, S112, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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24
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Carare RO, Aldea R, Agarwal N, Bacskai BJ, Bechman I, Boche D, Bu G, Bulters D, Clemens A, Counts SE, de Leon M, Eide PK, Fossati S, Greenberg SM, Hamel E, Hawkes CA, Koronyo‐Hamaoui M, Hainsworth AH, Holtzman D, Ihara M, Jefferson A, Kalaria RN, Kipps CM, Kanninen KM, Leinonen V, McLaurin J, Miners S, Malm T, Nicoll JAR, Piazza F, Paul G, Rich SM, Saito S, Shih A, Scholtzova H, Snyder H, Snyder P, Thormodsson FR, van Veluw SJ, Weller RO, Werring DJ, Wilcock D, Wilson MR, Zlokovic BV, Verma A. Clearance of interstitial fluid (ISF) and CSF (CLIC) group-part of Vascular Professional Interest Area (PIA): Cerebrovascular disease and the failure of elimination of Amyloid-β from the brain and retina with age and Alzheimer's disease-Opportunities for Therapy. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12053. [PMID: 32775596 PMCID: PMC7396859 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two of the key functions of arteries in the brain are (1) the well-recognized supply of blood via the vascular lumen and (2) the emerging role for the arterial walls as routes for the elimination of interstitial fluid (ISF) and soluble metabolites, such as amyloid beta (Aβ), from the brain and retina. As the brain and retina possess no conventional lymphatic vessels, fluid drainage toward peripheral lymph nodes is mediated via transport along basement membranes in the walls of capillaries and arteries that form the intramural peri-arterial drainage (IPAD) system. IPAD tends to fail as arteries age but the mechanisms underlying the failure are unclear. In some people this is reflected in the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and deposition of Aβ within artery walls as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Knowledge of the dynamics of IPAD and why it fails with age is essential for establishing diagnostic tests for the early stages of the disease and for devising therapies that promote the clearance of Aβ in the prevention and treatment of AD and CAA. This editorial is intended to introduce the rationale that has led to the establishment of the Clearance of Interstitial Fluid (ISF) and CSF (CLIC) group, within the Vascular Professional Interest Area of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diederik Bulters
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS TrustSouthamptonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher M. Kipps
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS TrustSouthamptonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Tarja Malm
- University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | | | | | | | - Satoshi Saito
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Andy Shih
- Seattle Children's HospitalSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | - Peter Snyder
- University of Rhode IslandSouth KingstownRhode IslandUSA
| | | | | | | | - David J. Werring
- Stroke Research CentreUCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Ajay Verma
- CODIAK BiosciencesCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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25
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Kumar S, Lemere CA, Walter J. Phosphorylated Aβ peptides in human Down syndrome brain and different Alzheimer's-like mouse models. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:118. [PMID: 32727580 PMCID: PMC7388542 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques in the brain parenchyma is one of the most prominent neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of this disease. A number of recent studies demonstrate the heterogeneity in the composition of Aβ deposits in AD brains, due to the occurrence of elongated, truncated and post-translationally modified Aβ peptides that have peculiar characteristics in aggregation behavior and biostability. Importantly, the detection of modified Aβ species has been explored to characterize distinct stages of AD, with phosphorylated Aβ being present in the clinical phase of AD. People with Down syndrome (DS) develop AD pathology by 40 years of age likely due to the overproduction of Aβ caused by the additional copy of the gene encoding the amyloid precursor protein on chromosome 21. In the current study, we analysed the deposition of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated Aβ species in human DS, AD, and control brains. In addition, deposition of these Aβ species was analysed in brains of a series of established transgenic AD mouse models using phosphorylation-state specific Aβ antibodies. Significant amounts of Aβ phosphorylated at serine residue 8 (pSer8Aβ) and unmodified Aβ were detected in the brains of DS and AD cases. The brains of different transgenic mouse models with either only human mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP), or combinations of human mutant APP, Presenilin (PS), and tau transgenes showed distinct age-dependent and spatiotemporal deposition of pSer8Aβ in extracellular plaques and within the vasculature. Together, these results demonstrate the deposition of phosphorylated Aβ species in DS brains, further supporting the similarity of Aβ deposition in AD and DS. Thus, the detection of phosphorylated and other modified Aβ species could contribute to the understanding and dissection of the complexity in the age-related and spatiotemporal deposition of Aβ variants in AD and DS as well as in distinct mouse models.
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26
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Foidl BM, Oberacher H, Marksteiner J, Humpel C. Platelet and Plasma Phosphatidylcholines as Biomarkers to Diagnose Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Front Neurol 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 32595581 PMCID: PMC7303320 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative brain disorder and characterized by deposition of extracellular toxic β-amyloid (42) plaques and the formation of intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, β-amyloid peptide deposits are found in the walls of small to medium blood vessels termed cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the pathogenesis of CAA appears to differ from that of senile plaques in several aspects. The aim of the present study was to analyze different lipids [phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysoPCs] in platelets and plasma of a novel mouse model of sporadic CAA (1). Our data show that lipids are significantly altered in plasma of the CAA mice. Levels of eight diacyl PCs, two acyl-alkyl PCs, and five lysoPCs were significantly increased. In extracts of mouse blood platelets, four diacyl and two acyl-alkyl PCs (but not lysoPCs) were significantly altered. Our data show that lipids are changed in CAA with a specific pattern, and we provide for the first time evidence that selected platelet and plasma PCs may help to characterize CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Foidl
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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27
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Gatti L, Tinelli F, Scelzo E, Arioli F, Di Fede G, Obici L, Pantoni L, Giaccone G, Caroppo P, Parati EA, Bersano A. Understanding the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103435. [PMID: 32414028 PMCID: PMC7279405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), one of the main types of cerebral small vessel disease, is a major cause of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage and an important contributor to cognitive decline in elderly patients. Despite the number of experimental in vitro studies and animal models, the pathophysiology of CAA is still largely unknown. Although several pathogenic mechanisms including an unbalance between production and clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) protein as well as ‘the prion hypothesis’ have been invoked as possible disease triggers, they do not explain completely the disease pathogenesis. This incomplete disease knowledge limits the implementation of treatments able to prevent or halt the clinical progression. The continuous increase of CAA patients makes imperative the development of suitable experimental in vitro or animal models to identify disease biomarkers and new pharmacological treatments that could be administered in the early disease stages to prevent irreversible changes and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Tinelli
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Emma Scelzo
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (F.T.); (F.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.D.F.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Eugenio Agostino Parati
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Anna Bersano
- Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (E.A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0223943310
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28
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Dewey CW, Rishniw M, Johnson PJ, Davies ES, Sackman JJ, O'Donnell M, Platt S, Robinson K. Interthalamic adhesion size in aging dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages: a comparative retrospective MRI study of dogs with and without evidence of canine cognitive dysfunction. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9012. [PMID: 32322448 PMCID: PMC7161569 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Spontaneous brain microhemorrhages in elderly people are present to some degree in Alzheimer’s disease patients but have been linked to brain atrophy in the absence of obvious cognitive decline. Brain microhemorrhages have recently been described in older dogs, but it is unclear whether these are associated with brain atrophy. Diminution of interthalamic adhesion size-as measured on MRI or CT-has been shown to be a reliable indicator of brain atrophy in dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) in comparison with successfully aging dogs. We hypothesized that aging dogs with brain microhemorrhages presenting for neurologic dysfunction but without obvious features of cognitive decline would have small interthalamic adhesion measurements, like dogs with CCD, compared with control dogs. The objective of this study was to compare interthalamic adhesion size between three groups of aging (>9 years) dogs: (1) neurologically impaired dogs with presumptive spontaneous brain microhemorrhages and no clinical evidence of cognitive dysfunction (2) dogs with CCD (3) dogs without clinical evidence of encephalopathy on neurologic examination (control dogs). MR images from 52 aging dogs were reviewed and measurements were obtained of interthalamic adhesion height (thickness) and mid-sagittal interthalamic adhesion area for all dogs, in addition to total brain volume. Interthalamic adhesion measurements, either absolute or normalized to total brain volume were compared between groups. Signalment (age, breed, sex), body weight, presence and number of SBMs, as well as other abnormal MRI findings were recorded for all dogs. Results All interthalamic adhesion measurement parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) different between control dogs and affected dogs. Both dogs with cognitive dysfunction (12/15; 80%) and dogs with isolated brain microhemorrhages had more microhemorrhages than control dogs (3/25; 12%). Affected dogs without cognitive dysfunction had significantly more microhemorrhages than dogs with cognitive dysfunction. In addition to signs of cognitive impairment for the CCD group, main clinical complaints for SBM and CCD dogs were referable to central vestibular dysfunction, recent-onset seizure activity, or both. Geriatric dogs with spontaneous brain microhemorrhages without cognitive dysfunction have similar MRI abnormalities as dogs with cognitive dysfunction but may represent a distinct disease category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Dewey
- Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY, USA.,Rochester Veterinary Specialists and Emergency Services, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark Rishniw
- Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philippa J Johnson
- Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emma S Davies
- Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Platt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelsey Robinson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Nehete PN, Williams LE, Chitta S, Nehete BP, Patel AG, Ramani MD, Wisniewski T, Scholtzova H. Class C CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Immunomodulatory Response in Aged Squirrel Monkey ( Saimiri Boliviensis Boliviensis). Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:36. [PMID: 32194391 PMCID: PMC7063459 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One means of stimulating the mammalian innate immune system is via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) being exposed to unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) DNA, also known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of microbial origin. Synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with defined CpG motifs possess broad immunostimulatory properties that make CpG ODNs suitable as therapeutic interventions in a variety of human disease conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rodent models are often used to preclinically test the effectiveness of CpG ODN therapeutic agents for AD and other disorders. However, the translatability of findings in such models is limited due to the significant difference of the expression of TLR9 between primates and rodents. The squirrel monkey (SQM), a New World non-human primate (NHP), is known to be phylogenetically proximate to humans, and develops extensive age-dependent cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a key pathological feature of AD. Hence, this model is currently being used to test AD therapeutics. In the present study, we conducted the first examination of Class C CpG ODN's immunomodulatory role in elderly SQMs. We documented the effectiveness of CpG ODN to trigger an immune response in an aged cohort whose immune system is senescent. The specific immune response patterns detected here closely resembled CpG ODN-induced immunostimulatory patterns observed in prior human studies. Overall, our findings provide critical data regarding the immunomodulatory potential of CpG ODN in this NHP model, allowing for future translational studies of innate immunity stimulation via TLR9 agonists for diverse indications, including AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, United States
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lawrence E. Williams
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, United States
| | - Sriram Chitta
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, United States
| | - Bharti P. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, United States
| | - Akash G. Patel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margish D. Ramani
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Henrieta Scholtzova
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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30
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van Veluw SJ, Hou SS, Calvo-Rodriguez M, Arbel-Ornath M, Snyder AC, Frosch MP, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ. Vasomotion as a Driving Force for Paravascular Clearance in the Awake Mouse Brain. Neuron 2020; 105:549-561.e5. [PMID: 31810839 PMCID: PMC7028316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paravascular drainage of solutes, including β-amyloid (Aβ), appears to be an important process in brain health and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). However, the major driving force for clearance remains largely unknown. Here we used in vivo two-photon microscopy in awake head-fixed mice to assess the role of spontaneous vasomotion in paravascular clearance. Vasomotion correlated with paravascular clearance of fluorescent dextran from the interstitial fluid. Increasing the amplitude of vasomotion by means of visually evoked vascular responses resulted in increased clearance rates in the visual cortex of awake mice. Evoked vascular reactivity was impaired in mice with CAA, which corresponded to slower clearance rates. Our findings suggest that low-frequency arteriolar oscillations drive drainage of solutes. Targeting naturally occurring vasomotion in patients with CAA or AD may be a promising early therapeutic option for prevention of Aβ accumulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne J van Veluw
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Steven S Hou
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA
| | - Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michal Arbel-Ornath
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA
| | - Austin C Snyder
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA; Neuropathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA 02129, USA
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31
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Bloch K, Hornfeld SH, Dar S, Vanichkin A, Gil-Ad I, Vardi P, Weizman A. Long-term effects of intracranial islet grafting on cognitive functioning in a rat metabolic model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease-like dementia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227879. [PMID: 31929603 PMCID: PMC6957181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Alzheimer’s disease is associated with brain insulin resistance, as are some other types of dementia. Intranasal insulin administration has been suggested as a potential approach to overcoming brain insulin resistance and improving cognitive functions. Islet transplantation into the cranial subarachnoid cavity was used as an alternative route for insulin delivery into the brain. Recently, the authors showed the short-term beneficial cognitive effect of a small number of intracranially grafted islets in rats with cognitive dysfunction induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ). This was associated with continuous and safe insulin delivery to the rat brain. The current study investigated the long-term effect of intracranial grafting of islets on cognitive functioning in icv-STZ rats. Severe dementia, associated with obesity and cerebral amyloid-β angiopathy, was induced in Lewis inbred rats by icv-STZ. Two months after icv-STZ, one hundred syngeneic islets were transplanted into the cranial subarachnoid space. Two and six months later, cognitive alterations were assessed by Morris water-maze tests. Islet graft survival was evaluated by immunohistochemical and biochemical assays. Improvement was found in spatial learning and memory of grafted rats as opposed to the sham-operated icv-STZ rats. The grafted islets showed intact morphology, intensive expression of insulin, glucagon and glucose transporter 2. Normoglycemic obesity and cerebral amyloid-β angiopathy were found in both grafted and sham-operated icv-STZ rats. In conclusion, islet grafting into cranial subarachnoid space provides an efficient and safe approach for insulin delivery to the brain, leading to a long-term attenuation of icv-STZ-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Bloch
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Shay Henry Hornfeld
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Shira Dar
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexey Vanichkin
- Laboratory of Transplantation, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Irit Gil-Ad
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Pnina Vardi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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32
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Schelle J, Wegenast-Braun BM, Fritschi SK, Kaeser SA, Jährling N, Eicke D, Skodras A, Beschorner N, Obermueller U, Häsler LM, Wolfer DP, Mueggler T, Shimshek DR, Neumann U, Dodt HU, Staufenbiel M, Jucker M. Early Aβ reduction prevents progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:561-571. [PMID: 31359452 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical trials targeting β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) for Alzheimer disease (AD) failed for arguable reasons that include selecting the wrong stages of AD pathophysiology or Aβ being the wrong target. Targeting Aβ to prevent cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has not been rigorously followed, although the causal role of Aβ for CAA and related hemorrhages is undisputed. CAA occurs with normal aging and to various degrees in AD, where its impact and treatment is confounded by the presence of parenchymal Aβ deposition. METHODS APPDutch mice develop CAA in the absence of parenchymal amyloid, mimicking hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type (HCHWA-D). Mice were treated with a β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor. We used 3-dimensional ultramicroscopy and immunoassays for visualizing CAA and assessing Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain. RESULTS CAA onset in mice was at 22 to 24 months, first in frontal leptomeningeal and superficial cortical vessels followed by vessels penetrating the cortical layers. CSF Aβ increased with aging followed by a decrease of both Aβ40 and Aβ42 upon CAA onset, supporting the idea that combined reduction of CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 is a specific biomarker for vascular amyloid. BACE1 inhibitor treatment starting at CAA onset and continuing for 4 months revealed a 90% Aβ reduction in CSF and largely prevented CAA progression and associated pathologies. INTERPRETATION This is the first study showing that Aβ reduction at early disease time points largely prevents CAA in the absence of parenchymal amyloid. Our observation provides a preclinical basis for Aβ-reducing treatments in patients at risk of CAA and in presymptomatic HCHWA-D. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:561-571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schelle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina M Wegenast-Braun
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah K Fritschi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan A Kaeser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Jährling
- TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Eicke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelos Skodras
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Beschorner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Obermueller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M Häsler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David P Wolfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mueggler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and Swiss Federal Institute for Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulf Neumann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Ulrich Dodt
- TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Staufenbiel
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Keith Sharp M, Carare RO, Martin BA. Dispersion in porous media in oscillatory flow between flat plates: applications to intrathecal, periarterial and paraarterial solute transport in the central nervous system. Fluids Barriers CNS 2019; 16:13. [PMID: 31056079 PMCID: PMC6512764 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-019-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an alternative to advection, solute transport by shear-augmented dispersion within oscillatory cerebrospinal fluid flow was investigated in small channels representing the basement membranes located between cerebral arterial smooth muscle cells, the paraarterial space surrounding the vessel wall and in large channels modeling the spinal subarachnoid space (SSS). Methods Geometries were modeled as two-dimensional. Fully developed flows in the channels were modeled by the Darcy–Brinkman momentum equation and dispersion by the passive transport equation. Scaling of the enhancement of axial dispersion relative to molecular diffusion was developed for regimes of flow including quasi-steady, porous and unsteady, and for regimes of dispersion including diffusive and unsteady. Results Maximum enhancement occurs when the characteristic time for lateral dispersion is matched to the cycle period. The Darcy–Brinkman model represents the porous media as a continuous flow resistance, and also imposes no-slip boundary conditions at the walls of the channel. Consequently, predicted dispersion is always reduced relative to that of a channel without porous media, except when the flow and dispersion are both unsteady. Discussion/conclusions In the basement membranes, flow and dispersion are both quasi-steady and enhancement of dispersion is small even if lateral dispersion is reduced by the porous media to achieve maximum enhancement. In the paraarterial space, maximum enhancement Rmax = 73,200 has the potential to be significant. In the SSS, the dispersion is unsteady and the flow is in the transition zone between porous and unsteady. Enhancement is 5.8 times that of molecular diffusion, and grows to a maximum of 1.6E+6 when lateral dispersion is increased. The maximum enhancement produces rostral transport time in agreement with experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12987-019-0132-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keith Sharp
- Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Bryn A Martin
- Department of Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
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Menon DV, Patel D, Joshi CG, Kumar A. The road less travelled: The efficacy of canine pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 377:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Dewey CW, Davies ES, Xie H, Wakshlag JJ. Canine Cognitive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:477-499. [PMID: 30846383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is the canine analog of human Alzheimer disease (AD). The pathophysiology of CCD/AD is multifaceted. CCD is common in aged (>8 years) dogs, affecting between 14% and 35% of the pet dog population. Apparent confusion, anxiety, disturbance of the sleep/wake cycle, and decreased interaction with owners are all common clinical signs of CCD. Although there is no cure for CCD, several proven effective therapeutic approaches are available for improving cognitive ability and maintaining a good quality of life; instituting such therapies early in the disease course is likely to have the greatest positive clinical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Wells Dewey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, C4 169 Clinical Programs Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Emma S Davies
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, C4 169 Clinical Programs Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Huisheng Xie
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, 9700 Highway 318 West, Reddick, FL 32686, USA
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine
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36
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Coloma M, Schaffer JD, Huang P, Chiarot PR. Boundary waves in a microfluidic device as a model for intramural periarterial drainage. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:024103. [PMID: 30867887 PMCID: PMC6408319 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The failure to clear amyloid-Beta from an aging brain leads to its accumulation within the walls of arteries and potentially to Alzheimer's disease. However, the clearance mechanism through the intramural periarterial pathway is not well understood. We previously proposed a hydrodynamic reverse transport model for the cerebral arterial basement membrane pathway. In our model, solute transport results from fluidic forcing driven by the superposition of forward and reverse propagating boundary waves. The aim of this study is to experimentally validate this hydrodynamic reverse transport mechanism in a microfluidic device where reverse transport in a rectangular conduit is driven by applying waveforms along its boundaries. Our results support our theory that while the superimposed boundary waves propagate in the forward direction, a reverse flow in the rectangular conduit can be induced by boundary wave reflections. We quantified the fluid transport velocity and direction under various boundary conditions and analyzed numerical simulations that support our experimental findings. We identified a set of boundary wave parameters that achieved reverse transport, which could be responsible for intramural periarterial drainage of cerebral metabolic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Coloma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - J. David Schaffer
- Institute for Justice and Well-Being, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Peter Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Paul R. Chiarot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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37
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Stylianaki I, Komnenou AT, Posantzis D, Nikolaou K, Papaioannou N. Alzheimer’s disease‐like pathological lesions in an aged bottlenose dolphin (
Tursiops truncatus
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Stylianaki
- Department of PathologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | - Anastasia T Komnenou
- Department of Comparative Ophthalmology‐Exotic and Wildlife MedicineAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
| | | | - Konstantina Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Productive AgricultureDivision of Crop ProductionDepartment of Agricultural TechnologyTechnological Educational Institute of EpirusArtaGreece
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Aldea R, Weller RO, Wilcock DM, Carare RO, Richardson G. Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells as the Drivers of Intramural Periarterial Drainage of the Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:1. [PMID: 30740048 PMCID: PMC6357927 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is the organ with the highest metabolic activity but it lacks a traditional lymphatic system responsible for clearing waste products. We have demonstrated that the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries represent the lymphatic pathways of the brain along which intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD) of soluble metabolites occurs. Failure of IPAD could explain the vascular deposition of the amyloid-beta protein as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms of IPAD, including its motive force, have not been clarified, delaying successful therapies for CAA. Although arterial pulsations from the heart were initially considered to be the motive force for IPAD, they are not strong enough for efficient IPAD. This study aims to unravel the driving force for IPAD, by shifting the perspective of a heart-driven clearance of soluble metabolites from the brain to an intrinsic mechanism of cerebral arteries (e.g., vasomotion-driven IPAD). We test the hypothesis that the cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, whose cycles of contraction and relaxation generate vasomotion, are the drivers of IPAD. A novel multiscale model of arteries, in which we treat the basement membrane as a fluid-filled poroelastic medium deformed by the contractile cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells, is used to test the hypothesis. The vasomotion-induced intramural flow rates suggest that vasomotion-driven IPAD is the only mechanism postulated to date capable of explaining the available experimental observations. The cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells could represent valuable drug targets for prevention and early interventions in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Aldea
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Roy O Weller
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Department of Physiology, Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giles Richardson
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease cause rarefaction of pial collaterals and increased severity of ischemic stroke. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:263-279. [PMID: 30519973 PMCID: PMC6475514 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction contributes to the progression and severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with AD also sustain larger infarctions after ischemic stroke; however, the responsible mechanisms are unknown. Pial collaterals are the primary source of protection in stroke. Unfortunately, natural aging and other vascular risk factors cause a decline in collateral number and diameter (rarefaction) and an increase in stroke severity. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that AD accelerates age-induced collateral rarefaction and examined potential underlying mechanisms. Triple and double transgenic mouse models of AD both sustained collateral rarefaction by 8 months of age, well before the onset of rarefaction caused by aging alone (16 months of age). Rarefaction, which did not progress further at 18 months of age, was accompanied by a twofold increase in infarct volume after MCA occlusion. AD did not induce rarefaction of similarly sized pial arterioles or penetrating arterioles. Rarefaction was minimal and occurred only at 18 months of age in a parenchymal vascular amyloid-beta model of AD. Rarefaction was not associated with amyloid-beta deposition on collaterals or pial arteries, nor was plaque burden or CD11b+ cell density greater in brain underlying the collateral zones versus elsewhere. However, rarefaction was accompanied by increased markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging of collateral endothelial and mural cells. Moreover, rarefaction was lessened by deletion of CX3CR1 and prevented by overexpression of eNOS. These findings demonstrate that mouse models of AD promote rarefaction of pial collaterals and implicate inflammation-induced accelerated aging of collateral wall cells. Strategies that reduce vascular inflammation and/or increase nitric oxide may preserve collateral function.
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40
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Davis J, Xu F, Hatfield J, Lee H, Hoos MD, Popescu D, Crooks E, Kim R, Smith SO, Robinson JK, Benveniste H, Van Nostrand WE. A Novel Transgenic Rat Model of Robust Cerebral Microvascular Amyloid with Prominent Vasculopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2877-2889. [PMID: 30446159 PMCID: PMC6334267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of fibrillar amyloid β protein in blood vessels of the brain, a condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is a common pathology of elderly individuals, a prominent comorbidity of Alzheimer disease, and a driver of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Although several transgenic mouse strains have been generated that develop varying levels of CAA, consistent models of associated cerebral microhemorrhage and vasculopathy observed clinically have been lacking. Reliable preclinical animal models of CAA and microhemorrhage are needed to investigate the molecular pathogenesis of this condition. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of a novel transgenic rat (rTg-DI) that produces low levels of human familial CAA Dutch/Iowa E22Q/D23N mutant amyloid β protein in brain and faithfully recapitulates many of the pathologic aspects of human small-vessel CAA. rTg-DI rats exhibit early-onset and progressive accumulation of cerebral microvascular fibrillar amyloid accompanied by early-onset and sustained behavioral deficits. Comparable to CAA in humans, the cerebral microvascular amyloid in rTg-DI rats causes capillary structural alterations, promotes prominent perivascular neuroinflammation, and produces consistent, robust microhemorrhages and small-vessel occlusions that are readily detected by magnetic resonance imaging. The rTg-DI rats provide a new model to investigate the pathogenesis of small-vessel CAA and microhemorrhages, to develop effective biomarkers for this condition and to test therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judianne Davis
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Feng Xu
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Joshua Hatfield
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael D Hoos
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Dominique Popescu
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Elliot Crooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Regina Kim
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - John K Robinson
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
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