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Dhokte S, Czaja K. Visceral Adipose Tissue: The Hidden Culprit for Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1015. [PMID: 38613048 PMCID: PMC11013274 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance in various tissues. Though conventionally associated with obesity, current research indicates that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the leading determining factor, wielding more influence regardless of individual body mass. The heightened metabolic activity of VAT encourages the circulation of free fatty acid (FFA) molecules, which induce insulin resistance in surrounding tissues. Individuals most vulnerable to this preferential fat deposition are older males with ancestral ties to Asian countries because genetics and sex hormones are pivotal factors for VAT accumulation. However, interventions in one's diet and lifestyle have the potential to strategically discourage the growth of VAT. This illuminates the possibility that the expansion of VAT and, subsequently, the risk of T2D development are preventable. Therefore, by reducing the amount of VAT accumulated in an individual and preventing it from building up, one can effectively control and prevent the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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2
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Garg R, Agarwal A, Katekar R, Goand UK, Singh N, Yadav S, Rathaur S, Verma S, Maity D, Vishwakarma S, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 ameliorates insulin resistance by decreasing fat accumulation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1587-1600. [PMID: 37716928 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal fat accumulation, enhanced free fatty acids (FFA) release, and their metabolites cause insulin resistance (IR) in major glucose-lipid metabolic organs such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. However, excessive lipolysis and FFA release from adipose tissue elevate plasma FFA levels leading to oxidative stress and skeletal muscle IR. Indeed, in obese individuals, there is enhanced pro-inflammatory secretion from adipose tissue influencing insulin signaling in skeletal muscles. Here, we investigated the effect of PSTi8 on FFA-induced IR in both in vitro and in vivo models. Palmitate (Pal)-treated 3T3-L1 cells increased lipid accumulation as well as lipolysis, which reduced the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. PSTi8 treatment significantly prevented Pal-induced lipid accumulation, and release and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. It further reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from Pal-treated 3T3-L1 cells as well as from adipose tissue explants. In addition, PSTi8 treatment decreases M1 surface markers in Pal-treated bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDM). PSTi8 treatment also significantly enhanced the Pal-mediated reduced skeletal muscle glucose disposal and reduced intracellular oxidative stress. In vitro effect of PSTi8 was consistent with in vivo HFD-fed mice IR model. PSTi8 treatment in HFD-fed mice significantly improved glucose metabolism and enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity with reduced adiposity and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, our results support that PSTi8 treatment can protect both adipose and skeletal muscles from FFA-induced IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Goand
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shubhi Yadav
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivam Rathaur
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debalina Maity
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sachin Vishwakarma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Zhang J, Jia L, Zhu T, Zhu H, Shu L. The relationship and interaction between triglyceride glucose index and obesity in the risk of prehypertension population: a cross-sectional study from a survey in Anhui, Eastern China. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 37393221 PMCID: PMC10314550 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been regarded as an effective proxy of Insulin resistance (IR). Studies on the TyG index, obesity and the risk of prehypertension (PHT) in elderly people are not apparent currently. The study sought to investigate the predictive value of TyG index and the associations with PHT risk and obesity. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu City, Anhui province, China. Participants older than 65 years accepted questionnaire surveys, physical examinations and blood biochemistry tests. Based on the testing results, indicators including BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), WHtR (waist-to-height-ratio), LAP(Lipid accumulation products) and TyG were calculated. Residents were classified into quartiles by their TyG indexes. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to predict obesity indices for PHT. The three additive interaction indicators, RERI (relative excess risk due to interaction), AP (attributable proportion due to interaction) and S (synergy index) were used to assess the interaction impacts. RESULTS Two thousand six hundred sixty-six eligible elderly people were included in study and the prevalence of PHT was 71.04% (n = 1894). With increasing TyG index quartile, PHT became more prevalent. After adjusting for confounding factors, the prevalence of PHT risk with TyG levels in the fourth quartile (Q4, male: 2.83, 95%CI: 1.77-4.54; female: 2.75, 95%CI:1.91-3.97) was greater than that in the first quartile (Q1:ref). TyG index (AUC: 0.626, 95%CI: 0.602 to 0.650) was superior than BMI (AUC: 0.609, 95%CI: 0.584 to 0.633) in predicting PHT among females. Eventually, there were significant interactions of TyG index with obesity in males (General obesity: AP = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.72 to 1.02, S = 10.48, 95%CI: 3.43 to 31.97; Abdominal obesity: AP = 0.60,95%CI: 0.38 to 0.83, S = 3.53, 95%CI: 1.99 to 6.26) and females (General obesity: AP = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.79 to 0.98, S = 12.46, 95%CI: 5.61 to 27.69; Abdominal obesity: AP = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.51 to 0.82, S = 3.89, 95%CI:2.54 to 5.98). CONCLUSION TyG index and PHT risk are tightly correlated. The risk of chronic disease in the elderly can be decreased by early detection of PHT utilizing the TyG index. In this research, the TyG index was more predictable than other indicators of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Zhang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui Province China
| | - Linlin Jia
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui Province China
| | - Tongying Zhu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui Province China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui Province China
| | - Li Shu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, 233030 Anhui Province China
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van Laar A, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Desmet T, Beerens K, Van Camp J. Rare Sugar Metabolism and Impact on Insulin Sensitivity along the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis In Vitro. Nutrients 2023; 15:1593. [PMID: 37049441 PMCID: PMC10096767 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars have recently attracted attention as potential sugar replacers. Understanding the biochemical and biological behavior of these sugars is of importance in (novel) food formulations and prevention of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether rare sugars may positively affect intestinal and liver metabolism, as well as muscle insulin sensitivity, compared to conventional sugars. Rare disaccharide digestibility, hepatic metabolism of monosaccharides (respirometry) and the effects of sugars on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (impaired glucose uptake) were investigated in, respectively, Caco-2, HepG2 and L6 cells or a triple coculture model with these cells. Glucose and fructose, but not l-arabinose, acutely increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) responses in HepG2 cells and impaired glucose uptake in L6 cells following a 24 h exposure at 28 mM. Cellular bioenergetics and digestion experiments with Caco-2 cells indicate that especially trehalose (α1-1α), D-Glc-α1,2-D-Gal, D-Glc-α1,2-D-Rib and D-Glc-α1,3-L-Ara experience delayed digestion and reduced cellular impact compared to maltose (α1-4), without differences on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a short-term setup with a Caco-2/HepG2/L6 triple coculture. These results suggest a potential for l-arabinose and specific rare disaccharides to improve metabolic health; however, additional in vivo research with longer sugar exposures should confirm their beneficial impact on insulin sensitivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar van Laar
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- NutriFOODChem, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Aguiar LM, Moura CSD, Ballard CR, Roquetto AR, Silva Maia JKD, Duarte GH, Costa LBED, Torsoni AS, Amaya-Farfan J, Maróstica Junior MR, Cazarin CBB. Metabolic dysfunctions promoted by AIN-93G standard diet compared with three obesity-inducing diets in C57BL/6J mice. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:436-444. [PMID: 36466151 PMCID: PMC9713253 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers from different fields have studied the causes of obesity and associated comorbidities, proposing ways to prevent and treat this condition by using a common animal model of obesity to create a profound energy imbalance in young adult rodents. However, to confirm the harmful effects of consuming a high-fat and hypercaloric diet, it is common to include normolipidic and normocaloric control groups in the experimental protocols. This study compared the effect of three experimental diets described in the literature - namely, a high-fat diet, a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and a high-fat and high-fructose diet - to induce obesity in C57BL/6 J mice with the standard AIN-93G diet as a control. We hypothesize that the AIN diet formulation is not a good control in this type of experiment because this diet promotes weight gain and metabolic dysfunctions similar to the hypercaloric diet. The metabolic data of animals fed the AIN-93G diet were similar to those of the high-calorie groups (development of steatosis and hyperlipidemia). However, it is important to emphasize that the group fed a high-fat diet had a higher percentage of total fat (p = 0.0002) and abdominal fat (p = 0.013) compared to the other groups. Also, the high-fat group responded poorly to glucose and insulin tolerance tests, showing a picture of insulin resistance. As expected, the intake of the AIN-93G diet promotes metabolic alterations in the animals like the high-fat formulations. Therefore, although this diet continues to be used as the gold standard for growth and maintenance, it warrants a reassessment of its composition to minimize the metabolic changes observed in this study, thus updating its fitness as a normocaloric model of a standard rodent diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Marinho Aguiar
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares de Moura
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Reis Ballard
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Rissetti Roquetto
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kelly da Silva Maia
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Center for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H.B. Duarte
- University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josué de Castro, S/n - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bastos Eloy da Costa
- University of Campinas, School of Medical Science, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- University of Campinas, School of Applied Sciences, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário R. Maróstica Junior
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Ferreira JRS, Zandonade E, de Paula Alves Bezerra OM, Salaroli LB. Insulin resistance by the triglyceride-glucose index in a rural Brazilian population. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:848-855. [PMID: 35929905 PMCID: PMC10118758 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in a rural population in Brazil, to verify its association with sociodemographic, labor, lifestyle, and health factors. Subjects and methods This is a cross-sectional study with 790 farmers in the state of Espírito Santo/Brazil. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) was calculated and a cut-off point of Ln 4.52 was used. A hierarchical logistic regression for the association of insulin resistance with sociodemographic, labor, lifestyle and health variables of farmers living in Espírito Santo was performed. Results The prevalence of insulin resistance was 33.7% (n = 266), and the association with insulin resistance was found in the age group 31 to 40 years of age (OR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.19-2.87); in smokers or former smokers (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.08-2.48) and overweight (OR = 3.06; 95% CI 2.22-4.23). Conclusion The prevalence of insulin resistance was high in a rural population of Brazil, and was mainly associated with age, smoking and obesity. The use of TyG as an instrument for assessing the health of individuals living in areas where access to health services is difficult, such as rural areas, can represent an important advance in terms of health promotion, protection and recovery. In addition, by identifying the risk factors associated with IR, as well as their consequences, a more adequate scheme for the prevention and treatment of these comorbidities can be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil
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Astorino TA, McMillan DW. Similar fat and carbohydrate oxidation in response to arm cycling exercise in persons with spinal cord injury versus able-bodied. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:840-847. [PMID: 34338616 PMCID: PMC9662004 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1952385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) present with low fat oxidation that is associated with poor cardiometabolic health. This study compared changes in fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation during moderate intensity continuous exercise in persons with SCI and able-bodied adults (AB). DESIGN Repeated measures, within-subjects study. SETTING University laboratory in San Diego, CA. PARTICIPANTS Nine men and women with SCI (age and time since injury = 32 ± 11 yr and 7 ± 6 yr) and 10 AB adults (age = 25 ± 8 yr). INTERVENTIONS To assess peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and peak power output (PPO), participants performed progressive arm ergometry to volitional exhaustion. Subsequently, they completed 25 min of continuous exercise at 45%PPO. OUTCOME MEASURES Respiratory exchange ratio (RER), fat and CHO oxidation, and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were assessed. RESULTS Data showed a similar RER (P = 0.98) during exercise in SCI (0.97 ± 0.04) versus AB (0.97 ± 0.03) reflecting high CHO use and no differences in BLa (3.5 ± 1.1 and 3.0 ± 0.9 vs. mM, P = 0.56) or fat and CHO oxidation between groups (P > 0.05). However, participants with SCI exercised at a higher relative intensity (P < 0.01, 84 ± 7 vs. 75 ± 7%HRpeak) versus AB. CONCLUSION Data confirm high reliance on CHO during arm ergometry in persons with SCI. To better compare substrate utilization to AB adults, we recommend that exercise be prescribed according to peak heart rate due to differences in cardiorespiratory fitness between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, CSU—San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Todd A. Astorino Department of Kinesiology, California State University, 333. S. Twin Oaks Valley Road, UNIV 320, San Marcos, CA92096-0001, USA.
| | - David W. McMillan
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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9
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Manickam R, Tur J, Badole SL, Chapalamadugu KC, Sinha P, Wang Z, Russ DW, Brotto M, Tipparaju SM. Nampt activator P7C3 ameliorates diabetes and improves skeletal muscle function modulating cell metabolism and lipid mediators. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1177-1196. [PMID: 35060352 PMCID: PMC8977983 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), a key enzyme in NAD salvage pathway is decreased in metabolic diseases, and its precise role in skeletal muscle function is not known. We tested the hypothesis, Nampt activation by P7C3 (3,6-dibromo-α-[(phenylamino)methyl]-9H-carbazol-9-ethanol) ameliorates diabetes and muscle function. METHODS We assessed the functional, morphometric, biochemical, and molecular effects of P7C3 treatment in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice. Nampt+/- mice were utilized to test the specificity of P7C3. RESULTS Insulin resistance increased 1.6-fold in diabetic mice compared with wild-type mice and after 4 weeks treatment with P7C3 rescued diabetes (P < 0.05). In the db-P7C3 mice fasting blood glucose levels decreased to 0.96-fold compared with C57Bl/6J wild-type naïve control mice. The insulin and glucose tolerance tests blood glucose levels were decreased to 0.6-fold and 0.54-folds, respectively, at 120 min along with an increase in insulin secretion (1.76-fold) and pancreatic β-cells (3.92-fold) in db-P7C3 mice. The fore-limb and hind-limb grip strengths were increased to 1.13-fold and 1.17-fold, respectively, together with a 14.2-fold increase in voluntary running wheel distance in db-P7C3 mice. P7C3 treatment resulted in a 1.4-fold and 7.1-fold increase in medium-sized and larger-sized myofibres cross-sectional area, with a concomitant 0.5-fold decrease in smaller-sized myofibres of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The transmission electron microscopy images also displayed a 1.67-fold increase in myofibre diameter of extensor digitorum longus muscle along with 2.9-fold decrease in mitochondrial area in db-P7C3 mice compared with db-Veh mice. The number of SDH positive myofibres were increased to 1.74-fold in db-P7C3 TA muscles. The gastrocnemius and TA muscles displayed a decrease in slow oxidative myosin heavy chain type1 (MyHC1) myofibres expression (0.46-fold) and immunostaining (6.4-fold), respectively. qPCR analysis displayed a 2.9-fold and 1.3-fold increase in Pdk4 and Cpt1, and 0.55-fold and 0.59-fold decrease in Fgf21 and 16S in db-P7C3 mice. There was also a 3.3-fold and 1.9-fold increase in Fabp1 and CD36 in db-Veh mice. RNA-seq differential gene expression volcano plot displayed 1415 genes to be up-regulated and 1726 genes down-regulated (P < 0.05) in db-P7C3 mice. There was 1.02-fold increase in serum HDL, and 0.9-fold decrease in low-density lipoprotein/very low-density lipoprotein ratio in db-P7C3 mice. Lipid profiling of gastrocnemius muscle displayed a decrease in inflammatory lipid mediators n-6; AA (0.83-fold), and n-3; DHA (0.69-fold) and EPA (0.81-fold), and a 0.66-fold decrease in endocannabinoid 2-AG and 2.0-fold increase in AEA in db-P7C3 mice. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrate that P7C3 activates Nampt, improves type 2 diabetes and skeletal muscle function in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared Tur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sachin L Badole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kalyan C Chapalamadugu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Puja Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - David W Russ
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas M Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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10
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Serine Palmitoyltransferase Gene Silencing Prevents Ceramide Accumulation and Insulin Resistance in Muscles in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071123. [PMID: 35406688 PMCID: PMC8997855 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles account for ~80% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and play a key role in lipid metabolism. Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to metabolic changes in muscles, including the development of insulin resistance. The studies carried out to date indicate that the accumulation of biologically active lipids, such as long-chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols and ceramides, play an important role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Unfortunately, it has not yet been clarified which of these lipid groups plays the dominant role in inducing these disorders. In order to explore this topic further, we locally silenced the gene encoding serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in the gastrocnemius muscle of animals with HFD-induced insulin resistance. This enzyme is primarily responsible for the first step of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. The obtained results confirm that the HFD induces the development of whole-body insulin resistance, which results in inhibition of the insulin pathway. This is associated with an increased level of biologically active lipids in the muscles. Our results also demonstrate that silencing the SPT gene with the shRNA plasmid reduces the accumulation of ceramides in gastrocnemius muscle, which, in turn, boosts the activity of the insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of ceramide synthesis does not significantly affect the content of other lipids, which suggests the leading role of ceramide in the lipid-related induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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11
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Błachnio-Zabielska AU, Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk K, Imierska M, Pogodzińska K, Rogalski P, Daniluk J, Zabielski P. CerS1 but Not CerS5 Gene Silencing, Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:206. [PMID: 35053322 PMCID: PMC8773817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is perceived as a major tissue in glucose and lipid metabolism. High fat diet (HFD) lead to the accumulation of intramuscular lipids, including: long chain acyl-CoA, diacylglycerols, and ceramides. Ceramides are considered to be one of the most important lipid groups in the generation of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. So far, it has not been clearly established whether all ceramides adversely affect the functioning of the insulin pathway, or whether there are certain ceramide species that play a pivotal role in the induction of insulin resistance. Therefore, we designed a study in which the expression of CerS1 and CerS5 genes responsible for the synthesis of C18:0-Cer and C16:0-Cer, respectively, was locally silenced in the gastrocnemius muscle of HFD-fed mice through in vivo electroporation-mediated shRNA plasmids. Our study indicates that HFD feeding induced both, the systemic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which was accompanied by an increase in the intramuscular lipid levels, decreased activation of the insulin pathway and, consequently, a decrease in the skeletal muscle glucose uptake. CerS1 silencing leads to a reduction in C18:0-Cer content, with a subsequent increase in the activity of the insulin pathway, and an improvement in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Such effects were not visible in case of CerS5 silencing, which indicates that the accumulation of C18:0-Cer plays a decisive role in the induction of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka U. Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamila Roszczyc-Owsiejczuk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Imierska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.-O.); (M.I.); (K.P.)
| | - Paweł Rogalski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Jarosław Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (P.R.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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12
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Ferreira JRS, Zandonade E, de Paula Alves Bezerra OM, Salaroli LB. Cutoff point of TyG index for metabolic syndrome in Brazilian farmers. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2021; 65:704-712. [PMID: 34591406 PMCID: PMC10065379 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the cutoff point of the TyG index for the diagnosis of insulin resistance (IR), according to two different diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome in a rural Brazilian population. METHODS The study population consisted of 790 family farmers from 18 to 59 years old. The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) was calculated, and the Metabolic Syndrome was defined using the NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the association of quantitative and qualitative variables. When the qualitative variable had three or more categories, the comparison between the means was performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (using the Mann-Whitney U Test two by two to identify the differences). For correlations, Spearman's correlation test was used. The cutoff values of TyG index for MetS were obtained using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with the area under the curve (AUC) and the Youden Index. RESULTS The median TyG values increased according to the aggregation of the components of MetS. The AUCs and Youden's cutoff point for TyG index according to the NCEP and IDF diagnostic criteria were 0.873, Ln 4.52 (sensitivity: 84.30%; specificity: 75.75%), and 0.867, Ln 4.55 (sensitivity: 80.0%; specificity: 79.82%), respectively. CONCLUSION A cutoff point of Ln 4.52 was defined, and it can be used both in clinical practice and epidemiological studies. It represents an important tool for promotion, protection and recovery health of rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Rabelo Santos Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | | | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (PPGSC), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde (PPGNS), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brasil,
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13
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Revisiting the contribution of mitochondrial biology to the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Biochem J 2021; 478:3809-3826. [PMID: 34751699 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While the etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifaceted, the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenomenon, and impairments in insulin signaling in this tissue directly contribute to hyperglycemia. Despite the lack of clarity regarding the specific mechanisms whereby insulin signaling is impaired, the key role of a high lipid environment within skeletal muscle has been recognized for decades. Many of the proposed mechanisms leading to the attenuation of insulin signaling - namely the accumulation of reactive lipids and the pathological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), appear to rely on this high lipid environment. Mitochondrial biology is a central component to these processes, as these organelles are almost exclusively responsible for the oxidation and metabolism of lipids within skeletal muscle and are a primary source of ROS production. Classic studies have suggested that reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and/or function contribute to lipid-induced insulin resistance; however, in recent years the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance has been gradually re-evaluated to consider the biological effects of alterations in mitochondrial content. In this respect, while reductions in mitochondrial content are not required for the induction of insulin resistance, mechanisms that increase mitochondrial content are thought to enhance mitochondrial substrate sensitivity and submaximal adenosine diphosphate (ADP) kinetics. Thus, this review will describe the central role of a high lipid environment in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and present both classic and contemporary views of how mitochondrial biology contributes to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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14
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Aerobic training associated with an active lifestyle exerts a protective effect against oxidative damage in hypothalamus and liver: The involvement of energy metabolism. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:116-129. [PMID: 34303768 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidation resistance protein 1 (OXR1) is of scientific interest due its role in protecting tissues against oxidative stress, DNA mutations and tumorigenesis, but little is known regarding strategies to increase OXR1 in different tissues. As an improved antioxidant defense may result from a high total amount of physical activity, the present study was designed to determine whether an active lifestyle including aerobic training exercise and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) can increase OXR1. We have built a large cage (LC) that allows animals to move freely, promoting an increase in SPA in comparison to a small cage (SC). METHODS We examined the effects of aerobic training applied for 8 weeks on SPA and OXR1 of C57BL/6 J mice living in two types of housing (SC and LC). OXR1 protein was studied in hypothalamus, muscle and liver, which were chosen due to their important role in energy and metabolic homeostasis. RESULTS LC-mice were more active than SC-mice as determined by SPA values. Despite both trained groups exhibiting similar gains in aerobic capacity, only trained mice kept in a large cage (but not for trained mice housed in SC) exhibited high OXR1 in the hypothalamus and liver. Trained mice housed in LC that exhibited an up-regulation of OXR1 also were those who exhibited an energy-expensive metabolism (based on metabolic parameters). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aerobic training associated with a more active lifestyle exerts a protective effect against oxidative damage and may be induced by changes in energy metabolism.
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15
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Shirif AZ, Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Teofilović A, Elaković I, Djordjevic A, Matić G. Decreased Glucocorticoid Signaling Potentiates Lipid-Induced Inflammation and Contributes to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscle of Fructose-Fed Male Rats Exposed to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137206. [PMID: 34281257 PMCID: PMC8269441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle brings both excessive fructose consumption and daily exposure to stress which could lead to metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes. Muscles are important points of glucose and lipid metabolism, with a crucial role in the maintenance of systemic energy homeostasis. We investigated whether 9-week fructose-enriched diet, with and without exposure to 4-week unpredictable stress, disturbs insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of male rats and evaluated potential contributory roles of muscle lipid metabolism, glucocorticoid signaling and inflammation. The combination of fructose-enriched diet and stress increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α and -δ and stimulated lipid uptake, lipolysis and β-oxidation in the muscle of fructose-fed stressed rats. Combination of treatment also decreased systemic insulin sensitivity judged by lower R-QUICKI, and lowered muscle protein content and stimulatory phosphorylations of insulin receptor supstrate-1 and Akt, as well as the level of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and glucocorticoid receptor. At the same time, increased levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, were observed in the muscle of fructose-fed stressed rats. Based on these results, we propose that decreased glucocorticoid signaling in the skeletal muscle can make a setting for lipid-induced inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in fructose-fed stressed rats.
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16
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Yuen JWY, Wu C, Wang CK, Kim DD, Procyshyn RM, Panenka WG, Honer WG, Barr AM. A ganglionic blocker and adrenoceptor ligands modify clozapine-induced insulin resistance. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105257. [PMID: 34023734 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is a second generation antipsychotic drug that has proven to be helpful in the management of patients with psychotic disorders that are resistant to other medications. Unfortunately, the majority of patients treated with clozapine develop metabolic dysregulation, including weight gain and insulin resistance. There are few treatments available to effectively counter these side-effects. The goal of the present study was to use an established animal model to better understand the nature of these metabolic side-effects and determine whether existing drugs could be used to alleviate metabolic changes. Adult female rats were treated with a range of doses of clozapine (2, 10 and 20 mg/kg) and subjected to the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, to measure whole-body insulin resistance. Clozapine dose-dependently decreased the glucose infusion rate, reflecting pronounced insulin resistance. To reverse the insulin resistance, rats were co-treated with the ganglionic blocker mecamylamine (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) which dose-dependently reversed the effects of 10 mg/kg clozapine. A 1.0 mg/kg dose of mecamylamine independently reversed the large increase in peripheral epinephrine caused by treatment with clozapine. To study the influence of specific adrenoceptors, rats were treated with multiple doses of α1 (prazosin), α2 (idazoxan), β1 (atenolol) and β2 (butoxamine) adrenoceptor antagonists after the onset of clozapine-induced insulin resistance. Both beta blockers were effective in attenuating the effects of clozapine, while idazoxan had a smaller effect; no change was seen with prazosin. The current results indicate that peripheral catecholamines may play a role in clozapine's metabolic effects and be a target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Y Yuen
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Claire Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Cathy K Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - David D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada.
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17
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Chandramohan R, Pari L. Antihyperlipidemic effect of tyrosol, a phenolic compound in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:507-516. [PMID: 33942700 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1926030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the antihyperlipidemic effects of tyrosol in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with STZ (40 mg/kg), and these established experimental rats were treated with tyrosol (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (600 µg/kg) for 45 days. The observed results revealed that tyrosol treatment significantly reduced plasma glucose, plasma, and liver total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, and significantly increased plasma insulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase significantly reduced in the liver, whereas the activities of lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly increased in the plasma of tyrosol treated STZ-induced diabetic rats. Histological examination showed that tyrosol treatment remarkably reduced lipid accumulation in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The present study revealed that tyrosol exhibits potent antihyperlipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Chandramohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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18
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Zhou Y, Tan Y, Hou G, Ren Y, Deng Y, Yan K, Zhang Y, Lin L, Lou X, Liu S. Pathway attenuation of fatty acid beta-oxidation in the skeletal muscle of a type 2 diabetic mouse model. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8869. [PMID: 32562559 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Whether catabolic abnormalities of fatty acids exist in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been determined. In this study, we postulated that a systematic evaluation of the protein abundance and metabolic activity related to fatty acids in the skeletal muscle tissues of a T2DM mouse model was feasible to address this question. METHODS Mitochondria were extracted from wild-type (WT) and db/db mice followed by quantitative analysis of the proteins involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO). The pathway activity of mFAO in skeletal muscle tissues was monitored in vitro using mass spectrometry, and tissue lipidomic analysis was conducted in profiling and target mode to distinguish the levels of long-chain acylcarnitines between WT and db/db mice. RESULTS Two proteins related to the mFAO pathway were significantly downregulated in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of db/db mice. The measurement of mFAO pathway activity in vitro revealed that the abundance of long-chain acylcarnitines (C14 to C18) in db/db mice was lower than that in WT mice, and the determination of acylcarnitines in skeletal muscle tissues in vivo revealed that most long-chain acylcarnitines were decreased in db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of lower abundance of ACAD9 and CPT1B, reduced activity of the mFAO pathway in vitro and decreased acylcarnitines in vivo firmly support that the mFAO pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice is attenuated, possibly resulting in cell/tissue dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Tan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guixue Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yamei Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keqiang Yan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Bielawiec P, Harasim-Symbor E, Konstantynowicz-Nowicka K, Sztolsztener K, Chabowski A. Chronic Cannabidiol Administration Attenuates Skeletal Muscle De Novo Ceramide Synthesis Pathway and Related Metabolic Effects in a Rat Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091241. [PMID: 32859125 PMCID: PMC7564398 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies showed that sustained obesity results in accumulation of bioactive lipid derivatives in several tissues, including skeletal muscle, which further contributes to the development of metabolic disturbances and insulin resistance (IR). The latest data indicate that a potential factor regulating lipid and glucose metabolism is a phytocannabinoid—cannabidiol (CBD), a component of medical marijuana (Cannabis). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether chronic CBD administration influences bioactive lipid content (e.g., ceramide (CER)), as well as glucose metabolism, in the red skeletal muscle (musculus gastrocnemius) with predominant oxidative metabolism. All experiments were conducted on an animal model of obesity, i.e., Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard rodent chow, and subsequently injected with CBD in a dose of 10 mg/kg or its solvent for two weeks. The sphingolipid content was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while, in order to determine insulin and glucose concentrations, immunoenzymatic and colorimetric methods were used. The protein expression from sphingolipid and insulin signaling pathways, as well as endocannabinoidome components, was evaluated by immunoblotting. Unexpectedly, our experimental model revealed that the significantly intensified intramuscular de novo CER synthesis pathway in the HFD group was attenuated by chronic CBD treatment. Additionally, due to CBD administration, the content of other sphingolipid derivatives, i.e., sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was restored in the high-fat feeding state, which coincided with an improvement in skeletal muscle insulin signal transduction and glycogen recovery.
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20
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Eum JY, Lee GB, Yi SS, Kim IY, Seong JK, Moon MH. Lipid alterations in the skeletal muscle tissues of mice after weight regain by feeding a high-fat diet using nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1141:122022. [PMID: 32062368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated lipid alterations in muscle tissues [gastrocnemius (Gas) and soleus (Sol)] of mice under different diet programs (weight gain, weight maintenance, weight regain, and controls) by nanoflow ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Since overloaded lipids in the skeletal muscle tissues by excessive fat accumulation are related to insulin resistance leading to type II diabetes mellitus, analysis of lipid alteration in muscle tissues with respect to high-fat diet (HFD) is important to understand obesity related diseases. A total of 345 individual lipid species were identified with their molecular structures, and 184 lipids were quantified by selected reaction monitoring method. Most triacylglycerol (TG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species displayed a significant (>2-fold, p < 0.01) increase in both the Gas and Sol and to a larger degree in the Gas. However, lipid classes involved in insulin resistance and anti-inflammatory response, including lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0), diacylglycerol (16:0_18:1, 16:0_18:2, and 18:1_18:1), ceramide (d18:1/24:0 and d18:1/24:1), and phosphatidylinositol (18:0/20:4), showed a significant accumulation in the Sol exclusively after HFD treatment. In addition, the lipid profiles were not significantly altered in mice that were fed HFD only for the last 4 weeks (weight gain group), suggesting that consuming HFD in the younger age period can be more effective in the Gas. This study reveals that lipid classes related to insulin resistance accumulated more in the Sol than in the Gas following HFD treatment and the weight regain program perturbed lipid profiles of the Sol to a greater extent than that by the other diet programs, confirming that the Sol tissue is more influenced by HFD than Gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yong Eum
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea; Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Timmons JA, Atherton PJ, Larsson O, Sood S, Blokhin IO, Brogan RJ, Volmar CH, Josse AR, Slentz C, Wahlestedt C, Phillips SM, Phillips BE, Gallagher IJ, Kraus WE. A coding and non-coding transcriptomic perspective on the genomics of human metabolic disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:7772-7792. [PMID: 29986096 PMCID: PMC6125682 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), relying on hundreds of thousands of individuals, have revealed >200 genomic loci linked to metabolic disease (MD). Loss of insulin sensitivity (IS) is a key component of MD and we hypothesized that discovery of a robust IS transcriptome would help reveal the underlying genomic structure of MD. Using 1,012 human skeletal muscle samples, detailed physiology and a tissue-optimized approach for the quantification of coding (>18,000) and non-coding (>15,000) RNA (ncRNA), we identified 332 fasting IS-related genes (CORE-IS). Over 200 had a proven role in the biochemistry of insulin and/or metabolism or were located at GWAS MD loci. Over 50% of the CORE-IS genes responded to clinical treatment; 16 quantitatively tracking changes in IS across four independent studies (P = 0.0000053: negatively: AGL, G0S2, KPNA2, PGM2, RND3 and TSPAN9 and positively: ALDH6A1, DHTKD1, ECHDC3, MCCC1, OARD1, PCYT2, PRRX1, SGCG, SLC43A1 and SMIM8). A network of ncRNA positively related to IS and interacted with RNA coding for viral response proteins (P < 1 × 10−48), while reduced amino acid catabolic gene expression occurred without a change in expression of oxidative-phosphorylation genes. We illustrate that combining in-depth physiological phenotyping with robust RNA profiling methods, identifies molecular networks which are highly consistent with the genetics and biochemistry of human metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjana Sood
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert J Brogan
- Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK
| | | | | | - Cris Slentz
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Iain J Gallagher
- Scion House, Stirling University Innovation Park, Stirling, UK.,School of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Azhdari M, Karandish M, Mansoori A. Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1289-1301. [PMID: 30941814 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The finding of studies on the effect of curcumin extract on metabolic factor in patients with metabolic syndrome has had arguable results. This systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) aimed to analyze the effect of curcumin/turmeric on metabolic factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. The PICO strategy was used to establish the guiding question of this review. Several databases for RCT were searched until September 2018. Of the 144 articles initially identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. A random-effects model with a mean weight difference (WMD) and a 95% confidence interval was performed for quantitative data synthesis. Pooled estimates of WMD were calculated between intervention and control groups using random-effects model in the presence of high level of heterogeneity between the studies. The results showed significant improvement of fasting blood glucose (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007) levels. Curcumin was not associated with a significant change in waist circumference measurement (p = 0.6) and systolic blood pressure level (p = 0.269). Curcumin supplementation improves some components of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azhdari
- Nutrition and metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of clinical biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Majid Karandish
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Gu Z, Mu H, Shen H, Deng K, Liu D, Yang M, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Mai K. High level of dietary soybean oil affects the glucose and lipid metabolism in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea through the insulin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 231:34-41. [PMID: 30772486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the metabolic responses of glucose and lipid in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea (initial weight, 36.80 ± 0.39 g) to high level of dietary soybean oil. Three isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (13% crude lipid) experimental diets were designed, with 100% fish oil (FO), 50% fish oil and 50% soybean oil (FS) and 100% soybean oil (SO), respectively. After a 12-week growth trial, the results showed that compared with FO group, contents n-6 PUFAs increased while the n-3 PUFAs decreased significantly both in liver and muscle in FS and SO groups. Concentrations of blood glucose, leptin, free fatty acid and total triglyceride reached the highest values in SO group, while blood insulin showed no significant difference among all groups. The gene expressions of insulin receptor substrate-2, glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fatty acid synthetase, and lipoprotein lipase increased, and the insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphotidylinsositol-3-kinase (PI3K), hexokinase, glycogen synthetase and glucose transporter 2 in liver decreased significantly in SO group. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) also decreased significantly in this group. These results suggested that high level of dietary soybean oil depressed PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and then affected glucose and lipid metabolism by glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose transportation, glycogenesis and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haohao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangyu Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengxi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture), Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Paul HA, Collins KH, Nicolucci AC, Urbanski SJ, Hart DA, Vogel HJ, Reimer RA. Maternal prebiotic supplementation reduces fatty liver development in offspring through altered microbial and metabolomic profiles in rats. FASEB J 2019; 33:5153-5167. [PMID: 30629464 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801551r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A maternal high-fat/sucrose diet, in the presence of maternal obesity, can program increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disease in offspring. In particular, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk is associated with poor maternal nutrition and obesity status, which may manifest via alterations in gut microbiota. Here, we report that in a preclinical model of diet-induced maternal obesity, maternal supplementation of a high-fat/sucrose diet with the prebiotic oligofructose improves glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic steatosis in offspring following a long-term high-fat/sucrose dietary challenge compared with offspring of untreated dams. These improvements are associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and serum inflammatory profiles in early life and improvements in inflammatory and fatty-acid gene expression profiles in tissues. Serum metabolomics analysis highlights potential metabolic links between the gut microbiota and the degree of steatosis, including alterations in 1-carbon metabolism. Overall, our data suggest that maternal prebiotic intake protects offspring against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance following 21 wk of high fat/sucrose diet, which is in part due to alterations in gut microbiota.-Paul, H. A., Collins, K. H., Nicolucci, A. C., Urbanski, S. J., Hart, D. A., Vogel, H. J., Reimer, R. A. Maternal prebiotic supplementation reduces fatty liver development in offspring through altered microbial and metabolomic profiles in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kelsey H Collins
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Stefan J Urbanski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, Bio-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Liu L, Yao L, Wang S, Chen Z, Han T, Ma P, Jiang L, Yuan C, Li J, Ke D, Li C, Yamahara J, Li Y, Wang J. 6‐Gingerol Improves Ectopic Lipid Accumulation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Ageing Rats: Dual Stimulation of the AMPK/PGC‐1α Signaling Pathway via Plasma Adiponectin and Muscular AdipoR1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800649. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Shang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Tingli Han
- Department of ObstetricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Peng Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chunlin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life SciencesChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
| | | | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism GroupSydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sydney Australia
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic DiseasesCollege of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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Jana BA, Chintamaneni PK, Krishnamurthy PT, Wadhwani A, Mohankumar SK. Cytosolic lipid excess-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is the cause or effect of high fat diet-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance: a molecular insight. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:957-963. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Yiqi Yangyin and Huatan Quyu granule can improve skeletal muscle energy metabolism in a type 2 diabetic rat model by promoting the AMPK/SIRT/PGC-1α signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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28
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Glycine Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Glutathione Biosynthesis and Protects against Oxidative Stress in a Model of Sucrose-Induced Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2101562. [PMID: 29675131 PMCID: PMC5841105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and redox status play a central role in the link between insulin resistance (IR) and lipotoxicity in metabolic syndrome. This mechanistic link may involve alterations in the glutathione redox state. We examined the effect of glycine supplementation to diet on glutathione biosynthesis, oxidative stress, IR, and insulin cell signaling in liver from sucrose-fed (SF) rats characterized by IR and oxidative stress. Our hypothesis is that the correction of glutathione levels by glycine treatment leads to reduced oxidative stress, a mechanism associated with improved insulin signaling and IR. Glycine treatment decreases the levels of oxidative stress markers in liver from SF rats and increases the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and γ-glutamylcysteine and the amount of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), a key enzyme of GSH biosynthesis in liver from SF rats. In liver from SF rats, glycine also decreases the insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (ISR-1) in serine residue and increases the phosphorylation of insulin receptor β-subunit (IR-β) in tyrosine residue. Thus, supplementing diets with glycine to correct GSH deficiency and to reduce oxidative stress provides significant metabolic benefits to SF rats by improving insulin sensitivity.
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29
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Vivodtzev I, Moncharmont L, Tamisier R, Borel JC, Arbib F, Wuyam B, Lévy P, Maltais F, Ferretti G, Pépin JL. Quadriceps muscle fat infiltration is associated with cardiometabolic risk in COPD. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:788-797. [PMID: 29105276 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Losses of peripheral muscle mass and ectopic fat accumulation have been associated with cardiometabolic morbidity in COPD. We aimed at identifying the relationship between quadriceps muscle fat infiltration and cardiovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2009 to 2014, 78 COPD patients (64 ± 8 years; 80% male) were prospectively included after having given written consent (ethical committee approval number: 2006-A00491-50). The cohort was divided into three groups (tertiles) according to body mass index (BMI), low [15 < BMI≤23·3], middle [23·3 < BMI≤27·6] and high [27·6 < BMI≤36] kg/m²). Measurements were respiratory function, plasmatic biomarkers and surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk (arterial stiffness and endothelial function). Mid-thigh quadriceps muscle volume and per cent of muscle fat infiltration, as assessed by 64-slice CT scanning, were compared between the tertiles. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses with Bonferroni's correction for the 'post hoc' tests. RESULTS Intramuscular fat volume was 52% [95% CI, 43 to 60%] of total quadriceps volume in high BMI vs. 47% [38 to 55%] and 34% [29 to 38%] in the middle and low-BMI groups, respectively (P<0·0001), without differences between groups in fat-free muscle volumes. Elevated muscle fat infiltration correlated with lower thiol to protein ratios in the whole population reflecting impaired antioxidant capacity (r = 0·50; P = 0·009). Furthermore, muscle fat infiltration was linked to endothelial dysfunction (r = -0·49, P = 0·01) in the low-BMI group. CONCLUSION Skeletal muscle fat infiltration may be an indicator of increased cardiometabolic risk in both obese and lean COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vivodtzev
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - Luc Moncharmont
- Department of Radiology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Christian Borel
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - François Arbib
- Department of Cardiorespiratory Functional Explorations, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Lévy
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, University of Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Gilbert Ferretti
- Department of Radiology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Hypoxia Pathophysiology Laboratory, Inserm 1042, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
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Rozenberg D, Martelli V, Vieira L, Orchanian-Cheff A, Keshwani N, Singer LG, Mathur S. Utilization of non-invasive imaging tools for assessment of peripheral skeletal muscle size and composition in chronic lung disease: A systematic review. Respir Med 2017; 131:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Enlarged fat cells in obese adipose tissue diminish capacity to store fat and are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin. Insulin resistance (IR)-associated S-nitrosylation of insulin-signaling proteins increases in obesity. In accordance with the inhibition of insulin-mediated anti-lipolytic action, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels increase. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) signaling in adipocytes. Failure of packaging of excess lipid into lipid droplets causes chronic elevation of circulating fatty acids, which can reach to toxic levels within non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. In fact, triglycerides may also serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acids and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Thus, excess DAG, ceramide and saturated fatty acids in obesity can induce chronic inflammation and have harmful effect on multiple organs and systems. In this context, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and IR have been discussed within the scope of lipotoxicity.
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32
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Liu HW, Chan YC, Wei CC, Chen YA, Wang MF, Chang SJ. An alternative model for studying age-associated metabolic complications: Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:61-68. [PMID: 28843510 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rodent animal models take at least 18months to develop aging phenotypes for researchers to investigate the mechanism of age-related metabolic complications. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) shortens the process of aging and may facilitate an alternative model for studying age-related insulin resistance. The short-lived strain SAMP8 and two long-lived strains SAM resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice and C57BL/6 mice at 12 (young) and 40weeks old (old) were used in the present study. Glucose tolerance test, histology and signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and liver and key components of insulin signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle were determined in these three strains. We found that short-lived SAMP8 mice developed symptoms of insulin resistance including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance in association with adipocyte hypertrophy and ectopic lipid accumulation in liver and muscle at 40-wk.-old. Significantly increased serum IL-6, leptin, and resistin levels and adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ and macrophage marker F4/80 mRNA expression in adipose tissues were observed in old SAMP8 mice, compared with that in young SAMP8 mice. Marked increases in SREBP1 and PPARγ and a decrease in PPARα at mRNA level in accordance with activation of mTOR/Akt pathway were contributed to hepatic lipid accumulation in old SAMP8 mice. Down-regulation of insulin signaling pathway including IRβ, IRS1, and AS160 at protein level in skeletal muscle was observed in old SAMP8 mice. At 40-wk.-old, both long-lived SAMR1 and C57BL/6 mice have not been fully developed age-related metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and visceral fat expansion in line with fewer defects in lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest the suitability of the SAMP8 mice as a model for studying age-related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physical education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Wei
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Coker RH, Robinette L, Kern PA. Minimal alteration in muscle lipid genes following stabilized weight loss. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1277-1282. [PMID: 28777921 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Variations in skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), carntine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), perilipin protein 2 (PLIN2), and adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) have been described as playing important roles in the metabolic regulation of lipid oxidation, and may influence intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and muscle lipid droplet size (LDS). While acute changes in caloric balance and/or aerobic capacity may affect lipid metabolism, the influence of sustained weight loss derived from caloric restriction with weight loss (CWL) compared with exercise training with weight loss (EWL) on the abovementioned parameters has not been fully elucidated. Using a combination of metabolic feeding and/or supervised exercise training, we evaluated the influence of stabilized weight loss elicited by CWL compared with EWL without the confounding influence of acute alterations in caloric balance on molecular markers of mitochondrial metabolism and lipid droplet size in middle-aged overweight individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. There were no significant changes in PGC-1α, CPT-1, PLIN2, ATGL and, CGI-58 messenger RNA (mRNA) in CWL and EWL. While there were no changes in ATGL mRNA in CWL, there was a strong trend (P = 0.05) for the ΔATGL mRNA in EWL with stabilized weight loss. There were no significant changes in IMCL or LDS within skeletal muscle in CWL or EWL, respectively. In conclusion, under the conditions of chronic caloric balance following dietary or exercise-based interventions, mediators of mitochondrial function, IMCL and LDS, were largely unaffected. Future studies should focus on intervention-based changes in protein expression and/or phosphorylation and the relationship to physiological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Coker
- a Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.,b Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Leizleigh Robinette
- b Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Zabielski P, Chacinska M, Charkiewicz K, Baranowski M, Gorski J, Blachnio-Zabielska AU. Effect of metformin on bioactive lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant muscle. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:329-340. [PMID: 28522731 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular accumulation of bioactive lipids leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is lack of consensus concerning which of the lipid mediators has the greatest impact on muscle insulin action in vivo Our aim was to elucidate the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and metformin (Met) on skeletal muscle bioactive lipid accumulation and insulin resistance (IR) in rats. We employed a [U-13C]palmitate isotope tracer and mass spectrometry to measure the content and fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of intramuscular long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA), diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramide (Cer). Eight weeks of HFD-induced intramuscular accumulation of LCACoA, DAG and Cer accompanied by both systemic and skeletal muscle IR. Metformin treatment improved insulin sensitivity at both systemic and muscular level by the augmentation of Akt/PKB and AS160 phosphorylation and decreased the content of DAG and Cer and their respective FSR. Principal component analysis (PCA) of lipid variables revealed that altered skeletal muscle IR was associated with lipid species containing 18-carbon acyl-chain, especially with C18:0-Cer, C18:1-Cer, 18:0/18:2-DAG and 18:2/18:2-DAG, but not palmitate-derived lipids. It is concluded that the insulin-sensitizing action of metformin in skeletal muscle is associated with decreased 18-carbon acyl-chain-derived bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical BiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Chacinska
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of HygieneEpidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol Charkiewicz
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of PerinatologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka U Blachnio-Zabielska
- Department of PhysiologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of HygieneEpidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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35
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Wu LW, Lin YY, Kao TW, Lin CM, Wang CC, Wang GC, Peng TC, Chen WL. Mid-Arm Circumference and All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality among Obese and Non-Obese US Adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2302. [PMID: 28536435 PMCID: PMC5442157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that mid-arm circumference (MAC) can be used to predict death risk and malnutrition. We performed a retrospective observational study involving 11,958 US participants aged 20–90 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994, to determine the correlation between MAC and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk in the obese and non-obese population. Death certificate data were obtained up to 2006. The participants were divided into three groups on the basis of body mass index: 19 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 (normal weight group), 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 (overweight group) and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obesity group); each group was then divided into three subgroups depending on their MAC level. In the non-obese population, MAC was inversely associated with all-cause mortality; specifically, in the normal weight group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of the T3 (29.6–42.0) cm subgroup was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.90) when compared with the T1 (18.0–27.2) cm, while the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of the T2 (27.3–29.5) cm subgroup was 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.91) when compared with the T1 (18.0–27.2) cm subgroup. The results indicate that MAC is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in non-obese individuals in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Ming Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Gia-Chi Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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36
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Andersen IR, Søndergaard E, Sørensen LP, Nellemann B, Gormsen LC, Jensen MD, Nielsen S. Increased VLDL-TG Fatty Acid Storage in Skeletal Muscle in Men With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:831-839. [PMID: 27898284 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is considered the rate-limiting step of very-low-density-lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) tissue storage, and has been suggested to relate to the development of obesity as well as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the quantitative storage of VLDL-TG fatty acids and LPL activity and other storage factors in muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, we examine whether such relations were influenced by type 2 diabetes. DESIGN We recruited 23 men (12 with type 2 diabetes, 11 nondiabetic) matched for age and body mass index. Postabsorptive VLDL-TG muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (abdominal and leg) quantitative storage was measured using tissue biopsies in combination with a primed-constant infusion of ex vivo triolein labeled [1-14C]VLDL-TG and a bolus infusion of ex vivo triolein labeled [9,10-3H]VLDL-TG. Biopsies were analyzed for LPL activity and cellular storage factors. RESULTS VLDL-TG storage rate was significantly greater in men with type 2 diabetes compared with nondiabetic men in muscle tissue (P = 0.02). We found no significant relationship between VLDL-TG storage rate and LPL activity or other storage factors in muscle or adipose tissue. However, LPL activity correlated with fractional VLDL-TG storage in abdominal fat (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Men with type 2 diabetes have increased VLDL-TG storage in muscle tissue, potentially contributing to increased intramyocellular triglyceride and ectopic lipid deposition. Neither muscle nor adipose tissue storage rates were related to LPL activity. This argues against LPL as a rate-limiting step in the postabsorptive quantitative storage of VLDL-TG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and
- Danish Diabetes Academy, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and
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Wu LW, Lin YY, Kao TW, Lin CM, Liaw FY, Wang CC, Peng TC, Chen WL. Mid-arm muscle circumference as a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in male individuals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171707. [PMID: 28196081 PMCID: PMC5308605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidences indicate that mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) is one of the anthropometric indicators that reflect health and nutritional status, but its correlative effectiveness in all-cause mortality prediction of United States individuals remains uncertain. METHODS AND FINDINGS DESIGN We investigated the joint association between MAMC and all-cause mortality in the US general population. A population-based longitudinal study of 6,769 participants aged 40 to 90 years in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All participants were divided into two groups based on the gender: male and female group; each group was then divided into three subgroups depending on their MAMC level. The tertiles were as follows: T1 (18<27.3), T2 (27.3<29.6), T3 (29.6≤40.0) cm in the male group and T1 (15<22.3), T2 (22.3<24.6), T3 (24.6≤44.0) cm in the female group. Multivariable Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were utilized to jointly relate all-cause mortality risk to different MAMC level. For all-cause mortality in male participants, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.98; p = 0.033) for MAMC of 27.3-29.6 cm compared with 18-27.3 cm, and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61-0.95; p = 0.018) for MAMC of 29.6-40 cm compared with 18-27.3 cm. For all-cause mortality in female participants, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-1.02; p = 0.075) for MAMC of 22.3-24.6 cm compared with 15-22.3 cm, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.75-1.17; p = 0.583) for MAMC of 24.6-44 cm compared with 15-22.3 cm. CONCLUSION Results support a lower MAMC is associated with a higher mortality risk in male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Chien-Ming Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Xiao C, Wu Q, Zhang J, Xie Y, Cai W, Tan J. Antidiabetic activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides F31 down-regulated hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:47-57. [PMID: 27902927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Lin Zhi) has been used to treat diabetes in Chinese folk for centuries. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) had hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. Our aim was to identify the main bioactives in GLPs and corresponding mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four polysaccharide-enriched fraction were isolated from GLPs and the antidiabetic activities were evaluated by type 2 diabetic mice. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), fasting serum insulin (FSI) and epididymal fat/BW ratio were measured at the end of the experiment. In liver, the mRNA levels of hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the protein levels of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK were determined by western blotting test. In epididymal fat tissue, the mRNA and protein levels GLUT4, resistin, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) were determined by qPCR and immuno-histochemistry. The structure of polysaccharide F31 was obtained from GPC, FTIR NMR and GC-MS spectroscopy, RESULTS: F31 significantly decreased FSG (P<0.05), FSI and epididymal fat/BW ratio (P<0.01). In liver, F31 decreased the mRNA levels of hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes, and up-regulated the ratio of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK)/AMPK. In epididymal fat tissue, F31 increased the mRNA levels of GLUT4 but decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) and resistin. Immuno-histochemistry results revealed F31 increased the protein levels of GLUT4 and decreased resistin. CONCLUSION Data suggested that the main bioactives in GLPs was F31, which was determined to be a β-heteropolysaccharide with the weight-average molecular weight of 15.9kDa. The possible action mechanism of F31 may be associated with down-regulation of the hepatic glucose regulated enzyme mRNA levels via AMPK activation, improvement of insulin resistance and decrease of epididymal fat/BW ratio. These results strongly suggest that F31 has antidiabetic potential.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/genetics
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Fasting/blood
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal
- Fungal Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Fungal Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Ganoderma
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Xianlie Central Road 100, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510020, China.
| | - Jianbin Tan
- Department of Toxicology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510020, China.
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Jiang L, Yao L, Yang Y, Ke D, Batey R, Wang J, Li Y. Jiangzhi Capsule improves fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats: Association with repair of the impaired sarcolemmal glucose transporter-4 recycling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:288-298. [PMID: 27616031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiangzhi Capsule, originated from an experienced formula in traditional Chinese Medicine, has been listed and used for the management of metabolic abnormalities in Australia for a long time. To better understand Jiangzhi Capsule, this study investigated its effect on insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were treated with liquid fructose in their drinking water over 14 weeks. Jiangzhi Capsule was co-administered (once daily, by oral gavage) during the last 7 weeks. Indexes of lipid and glucose homeostasis were determined enzymatically, by ELISA and/or histologically. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, Western blot and/or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment with Jiangzhi Capsule (100mg/kg) attenuated fructose overconsumption-induced increases in basal plasma insulin concentrations, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and the adipose tissue insulin resistance index in rats. The increased plasma glucose concentrations during oral glucose tolerance test were also inhibited. Furthermore, Jiangzhi Capsule had a trend to attenuate the decreased ratios of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids to plasma insulin concentrations. Mechanistically, this insulin-sensitizing action was accompanied by normalization of the downregulated sarcolemmal glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 protein expression and the decreased phosphorylated Akt to total Akt protein ratio in gastrocnemius. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Jiangzhi Capsule ameliorates fructose-induced insulin resistance with a link to repair of the impaired sarcolemmal GLUT-4 recycling through modulation of the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to total Akt in gastrocnemius. Our findings provide an evidence-based and mechanistic understanding of Jiangzhi Capsule for the management of insulin resistance-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Ling Yao
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Yifan Yang
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Australia.
| | - Dazhi Ke
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Robert Batey
- Central Clinical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Australia.
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Cheung AS, Hoermann R, Dupuis P, Joon DL, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. Relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:229-37. [PMID: 27340081 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with insulin resistance and frailty, controlled prospective studies are lacking. We aimed to examine the relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone. DESIGN Case-control prospective study. METHODS Sixty three men with non-metastatic prostate cancer newly commencing ADT (n=34) and age-matched prostate cancer controls (n=29) were recruited. The main outcomes were insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), Fried's frailty score, body composition by dual x-ray absorptiometry and short physical performance battery (SPPB) measured at 0, 6 and 12months. A generalised linear model determined the mean adjusted difference (95% CI) between groups. RESULTS Compared with controls over 12months, men receiving ADT had reductions in mean total testosterone level (14.1-0.4nmol/L, P<0.001), mean adjusted gain in fat mass of 3530g (2012, 5047), P<0.02 and loss of lean mass of 1491g (181, 2801), P<0.02. Visceral fat was unchanged. HOMA2-IR in the ADT group increased 0.59 (0.24, 0.94), P=0.02, which was most related to the increase in fat mass (P=0.003), less to lean mass (P=0.09) or total testosterone (P=0.088). Frailty increased with ADT (P<0.0001), which was related to decreased testosterone (P=0.028), and less to fat mass (P=0.056) or lean mass (P=0.79). SPPB was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS ADT is associated with increased insulin resistance and frailty within 12months of commencement, independently of confounding effects of cancer or radiotherapy. Insulin resistance appears to be mediated by subcutaneous or peripheral sites of fat deposition. Prevention of fat gain is an important strategy to prevent adverse ADT-associated cardiometabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada S Cheung
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Department of Endocrinology
| | - Rudolf Hoermann
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Dupuis
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daryl Lim Joon
- Department of Radiation Oncology Austin HealthHeidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Department of Endocrinology
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Department of Endocrinology
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Liu HW, Wei CC, Chen YJ, Chen YA, Chang SJ. Flavanol-rich lychee fruit extract alleviates diet-induced insulin resistance via suppressing mTOR/SREBP-1 mediated lipogenesis in liver and restoring insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2288-2296. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chun Wei
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yun-An Chen
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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A mitochondrial-targeted ubiquinone modulates muscle lipid profile and improves mitochondrial respiration in obesogenic diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1155-66. [PMID: 26856891 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome components including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance is increasing in both developed and developing countries. It is generally accepted that the development of these features is preceded by, or accompanied with, impaired mitochondrial function. The present study was designed to analyse the effects of a mitochondrial-targeted lipophilic ubiquinone (MitoQ) on muscle lipid profile modulation and mitochondrial function in obesogenic diet-fed rats. For this purpose, twenty-four young male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed one of the following diets: (1) control, (2) high fat (HF) and (3) HF+MitoQ. After 8 weeks, mitochondrial function markers and lipid metabolism/profile modifications in skeletal muscle were measured. The HF diet was effective at inducing the major features of the metabolic syndrome--namely, obesity, hepatic enlargement and glucose intolerance. MitoQ intake prevented the increase in rat body weight, attenuated the increase in adipose tissue and liver weights and partially reversed glucose intolerance. At the muscle level, the HF diet induced moderate TAG accumulation associated with important modifications in the muscle phospholipid classes and in the fatty acid composition of total muscle lipid. These lipid modifications were accompanied with decrease in mitochondrial respiration. MitoQ intake corrected the lipid alterations and restored mitochondrial respiration. These results indicate that MitoQ protected obesogenic diet-fed rats from some features of the metabolic syndrome through its effects on muscle lipid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. These findings suggest that MitoQ is a promising candidate for future human trials in the metabolic syndrome prevention.
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Satyanarayana K, Sravanthi K, Shaker IA, Ponnulakshmi R, Selvaraj J. Role of chrysin on expression of insulin signaling molecules. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2016; 6:248-58. [PMID: 26834424 PMCID: PMC4719485 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.157951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently available drugs are unsuccessful for the treatment of tye-2 diabetes due to their adverseside-effects. Hence, a search for novel drugs, especially ofplant origin, continues. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid, natural component of traditional medicinal herbs, present in honey, propolis and many plant extracts that hasbeen used in traditional medicine around the world to treat numerous ailments. Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the protective role of chrysin on the expression of insulin-signaling molecules in the skeletal muscle of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rats. Materials and Methods: The oral effective dose of chrysin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given once a day until the end of the study (30 days post-induction of diabetes) to high fat diet-induced diabetic rats. At the end of the experimental period, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and free radical generation, as well as the levels of insulin signaling molecules and tissue glycogen in the gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. Results: Diabetic rats showed impaired glucose tolerance and impairment in insulin signaling molecules (IR, IRS-1, p-IRS-1Tyr632, p- AktThr308), glucose transporter subtype 4 [GLUT4] proteins and glycogen concentration. Serum insulin, lipid profile, LPO and free radical generation were found to be increased in diabetic control rats. The treatment with chrysin normalized the altered levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, LPO and insulin signaling molecules as well as GLUT4 proteins. Conclusion: Our present findings indicate that chrysin improves glycemic control through activation of insulin signal transduction in the gastrocnemius muscle of high fat and sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koora Sravanthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sakshi Medical College and Research Centre, Guna, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ivvala Anand Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajagopal Ponnulakshmi
- Department of Zoology, PG and Research, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, PG and Research, Holy Cross College, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cartee GD. Mechanisms for greater insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in normal and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle after acute exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E949-59. [PMID: 26487009 PMCID: PMC4816200 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced skeletal muscle and whole body insulin sensitivity can persist for up to 24-48 h after one exercise session. This review focuses on potential mechanisms for greater postexercise and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by muscle in individuals with normal or reduced insulin sensitivity. A model is proposed for the processes underlying this improvement; i.e., triggers initiate events that activate subsequent memory elements, which store information that is relayed to mediators, which translate memory into action by controlling an end effector that directly executes increased insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Several candidates are potential triggers or memory elements, but none have been conclusively verified. Regarding potential mediators in both normal and insulin-resistant individuals, elevated postexercise ISGU with a physiological insulin dose coincides with greater Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) phosphorylation without improved proximal insulin signaling at steps from insulin receptor binding to Akt activity. Causality remains to be established between greater AS160 phosphorylation and improved ISGU. The end effector for normal individuals is increased GLUT4 translocation, but this remains untested for insulin-resistant individuals postexercise. Following exercise, insulin-resistant individuals can attain ISGU values similar to nonexercising healthy controls, but after a comparable exercise protocol performed by both groups, ISGU for the insulin-resistant group has been consistently reported to be below postexercise values for the healthy group. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the improved postexercise ISGU in individuals with normal or subnormal insulin sensitivity and to explain the disparity between these groups after similar exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Cartee
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Santamarina AB, Oliveira JL, Silva FP, Carnier J, Mennitti LV, Santana AA, de Souza GHI, Ribeiro EB, Oller do Nascimento CM, Lira FS, Oyama LM. Green Tea Extract Rich in Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents Fatty Liver by AMPK Activation via LKB1 in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141227. [PMID: 26536464 PMCID: PMC4633218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with epigallocatechin-3-gallate has been determined to aid in the prevention of obesity. Decaffeinated green tea extract appears to restore a normal hepatic metabolic profile and attenuate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced effects, thereby preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Mice were maintained on either a control diet (CD) or HFD for 16 weeks and supplemented with either water or green tea extract (50 mg/kg/day). The body mass increase, serum adiponectin level, and lipid profile were measured over the course of the treatment. Furthermore, the AMPK pathway protein expression in the liver was measured. From the fourth week, the weight gain in the CD + green tea extract (CE) group was lower than that in the CD + water (CW) group. From the eighth week, the weight gain in the HFD + water (HFW) group was found to be higher than that in the CW group. Moreover, the weight gain in the HFD + green tea extract (HFE) group was found to be lower than that in the HFW group. Carcass lipid content was found to be higher in the HFW group than that in the CW and HFE groups. Serum analysis showed reduced non-esterified fatty acid level in the CE and HFE groups as compared with their corresponding placebo groups. Increased adiponectin level was observed in the same groups. Increased VLDL-TG secretion was observed in the HFW group as compared with the CW and HFE groups. Increased protein expression of AdipoR2, SIRT1, pLKB1, and pAMPK was observed in the HFE group, which explained the reduced expression of ACC, FAS, SREBP-1, and ChREBP in this group. These results indicate that the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract may be related to the activation of AMPK via LKB1 in the liver of HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - June Carnier
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís V. Mennitti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Aline A. Santana
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane B. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio S. Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M. Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Satyanarayana K, Sravanthi K, Shaker IA, Ponnulakshmi R. Molecular approach to identify antidiabetic potential of Azadirachta indica. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 6:165-74. [PMID: 26604551 PMCID: PMC4630690 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.157950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a medicinal plant, used in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. It is known to possess antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and diverse pharmacological properties. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of A. indica on insulin signal transduction and glucose homeostasis is obscure. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the effects of A. indica aqueous leaf extract on the expression of insulin signaling molecules and glucose oxidation in target tissue of high-fat and fructose-induced type-2 diabetic male rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oral effective dose of A. indica leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight [b.wt]) was given once daily for 30 days to high-fat diet-induced diabetic rats. At the end of the experimental period, fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, serum lipid profile, and the levels of insulin signaling molecules, glycogen, glucose oxidation in gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. RESULTS Diabetic rats showed impaired glucose tolerance and impairment in insulin signaling molecules (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phospho-IRS-1(Tyr632), phospho-IRS-1(Ser636), phospho-Akt(Ser473), and glucose transporter 4 [GLUT4] proteins), glycogen concentration and glucose oxidation. The treatment with A. indica leaf extract normalized the altered levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile and insulin signaling molecules as well as GLUT4 proteins at 400 mg/kg b.wt dose. CONCLUSION It is concluded from the present study that A. indica may play a significant role in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus, by improving the insulin signaling molecules and glucose utilization in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Satyanarayana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sravanthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sakshi Medical College and Research Centre, Myana, Chennai, India
| | - I. Anand Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, India
| | - R. Ponnulakshmi
- Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, India
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Changes in glucose disposal after a caloric restriction–induced weight loss program in obese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2015; 22:96-103. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Gómez-Zorita S, Fernández-Quintela A, Aguirre L, Macarulla MT, Rimando AM, Portillo MP. Pterostilbene improves glycaemic control in rats fed an obesogenic diet: involvement of skeletal muscle and liver. Food Funct 2015; 6:1968-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether pterostilbene improved glycaemic control in rats showing insulin resistance induced by an obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - A. Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - L. Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - M. T. Macarulla
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
| | - A. M. Rimando
- United States Department of Agriculture
- Agricultural Research Service
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit
- University
- USA
| | - M. P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- Vitoria
- Spain
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Castorena CM, Arias EB, Sharma N, Cartee GD. Effects of a brief high-fat diet and acute exercise on the mTORC1 and IKK/NF-κB pathways in rat skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 40:251-62. [PMID: 25706655 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One exercise session can improve subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by skeletal muscle in healthy and insulin-resistant individuals. Our first aim was to determine whether a brief (2 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD) that caused muscle insulin resistance would activate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and/or inhibitor of κB kinase/nuclear factor κB (IKK/NF-κB) pathways, which are potentially linked to induction of insulin resistance. Our second aim was to determine whether acute exercise that improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by muscles would attenuate activation of these pathways. We compared HFD-fed rats with rats fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Some animals from each diet group were sedentary and others were studied 3 h postexercise, when insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was increased. The results did not provide evidence that brief HFD activated either the mTORC1 (including phosphorylation of mTOR(Ser2448), TSC2(Ser939), p70S6K(Thr412), and RPS6(Ser235/236)) or the IKK/NF-κB (including abundance of IκBα or phosphorylation of NF-κB(Ser536), IKKα/β(Ser177/181), and IκB(Ser32)) pathway in insulin-resistant muscles. Exercise did not oppose the activation of either pathway, as evidenced by no attenuation of phosphorylation of key proteins in the IKK/NF-κB pathway (NF-κB(Ser536), IKKα/β(Ser177/181), and IκB(Ser32)), unaltered IκBα abundance, and no attenuation of phosphorylation of key proteins in the mTORC1 pathway (mTOR(Ser2448), TSC2(Ser939), and RPS6(Ser235/236)). Instead, exercise induced greater phosphorylation of 2 proteins of the mTORC1 pathway (PRAS40(Thr246) and p70S6K(Thr412)) in insulin-stimulated muscles, regardless of diet. Insulin resistance induced by a brief HFD was not attributable to greater activation of the mTORC1 or the IKK/NF-κB pathway in muscle, and exercise-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity was not attributable to attenuated activation of these pathways in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Castorena
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2214, USA
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Free fatty acid induced impairment of insulin signaling is prevented by the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid in skeletal muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:70-7. [PMID: 25445050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated fatty acid levels play a pathogenic role in the development of insulin resistance, associated with type 2 diabetes. Interventions with ability to ameliorate fatty acid-induced insulin resistance might be useful for the management of diabetes. Here, we explored the effect of the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid (F015) on palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. An incubation of L6 myotubes with palmitate inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and translocation of GLUT4 to cell surface. Addition of F015 strongly prevented these inhibitions. Furthermore, F015 effectively inhibited the ability of palmitate to reduce insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, AKT and GSK-3β in L6 myotubes. F015 presented a strong inhibition on palmitate-induced production of reactive oxygen species and associated inflammation, as the activation JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were greatly reduced. F015 also inhibited inflammation-stimulated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and restored insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in presence of palmitate, resulted in enhanced insulin sensitivity. Results suggest that F015 inhibits palmitate-induced, reactive oxygen species-associated MAPK kinase activation and restored insulin sensitivity through regulating IRS-1 function. All these indicate F015 to be a potentially therapeutic candidate for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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