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Hu Z, Kopparapu PK, Deshmukh M, Jarneborn A, Gupta P, Ali A, Fei Y, Engdahl C, Pullerits R, Mohammad M, Jin T. The Impact of Aging and Toll-like Receptor 2 Deficiency on the Clinical Outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:332-342. [PMID: 36808423 PMCID: PMC10420399 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a broad range of infections. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 senses the S. aureus lipoproteins in S. aureus infections. Aging raises the risk of infection. Our aim was to understand how aging and TLR2 affect the clinical outcomes of S. aureus bacteremia. Four groups of mice (wild type/young, wild type/old, TLR2-/-/young, and TLR2-/-/old) were intravenously infected with S. aureus, and the infection course was followed. Both TLR2 deficiency and aging enhanced the susceptibility to disease. Increased age was the main contributing factor for increased mortality rates and changes in spleen weight, whereas other clinical parameters, such as weight loss and kidney abscess formation, were more TLR2 dependent. Importantly, aging increased mortality rates without relying on TLR2. In vitro, both aging and TLR2 deficiency down-regulated cytokine/chemokine production of immune cells with distinct patterns. In summary, we demonstrate that aging and TLR2 deficiency impair the immune response to S. aureus bacteremia in distinct ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meghshree Deshmukh
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jarneborn
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abukar Ali
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Fei
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Majd Mohammad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Oren RL, Kim EJ, Leonard AK, Rosner B, Chibnik LB, Das S, Grodstein F, Crosby G, Culley DJ. Age-dependent differences and similarities in the plasma proteomic signature of postoperative delirium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7431. [PMID: 37156856 PMCID: PMC10167206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Delirium is an acute confusional state and a common postoperative morbidity. Prevalent in older adults, delirium occurs at other ages but it is unclear whether the pathophysiology and biomarkers for the condition are independent of age. We quantified expression of 273 plasma proteins involved in inflammation and cardiovascular or neurologic conditions in 34 middle-aged and 42 older patients before and one day after elective spine surgery. Delirium was identified by the 3D-CAM and comprehensive chart review. Protein expression was measure by Proximity Extension Assay and results were analyzed by logistic regression, gene set enrichment, and protein-protein interactions. Twenty-two patients developed delirium postoperatively (14 older; 8 middle-aged) and 89 proteins in pre- or 1-day postoperative plasma were associated with delirium. A few proteins (IL-8, LTBR, TNF-R2 postoperatively; IL-8, IL-6, LIF, ASGR1 by pre- to postoperative change) and 12 networks were common to delirium in both age groups. However, there were marked differences in the delirium proteome by age; older patients had many more delirium-associated proteins and pathways than middle-aged subjects even though both had the same clinical syndrome. Therefore, there are age-dependent similarities and differences in the plasma proteomic signature of postoperative delirium, which may signify age differences in pathogenesis of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Oren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erin J Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna K Leonard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Deborah J Culley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Haß U, Heider S, Kochlik B, Herpich C, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Norman K. Effects of Exercise and Omega-3-Supplemented, High-Protein Diet on Inflammatory Markers in Serum, on Gene Expression Levels in PBMC, and after Ex Vivo Whole-Blood LPS Stimulation in Old Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020928. [PMID: 36674453 PMCID: PMC9863449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is related to cell senescence and reflects an erratic immune system, which promotes age-associated diseases. Exercise and nutrition, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, are able to affect inflammation. Therefore, we examined the effects of an 8-week exercise and dietary intervention on the inflammatory response in community-dwelling old adults. All participants received weekly vibration and home-based resistance exercise. Furthermore, participants were randomized to either a control, high-protein (1.2-1.5 g/kg), or high-protein, omega-3-enriched (2.2 g/day) diet. Before and after treatment, inflammatory markers in fasting serum and after whole-blood ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were assessed. Gene expression levels of inflammatory markers were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Sixty-one participants (age: 70.6 ± 4.7 years; 47% men) completed the study. According to generalized linear mixed models, a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet decreased circulating anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-) 10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Sex-stratified analyses showed also significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers in men with a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet. Gene expression of IL-1RA was significantly reduced after both protein-enriched diets compared with controls. In comparison to a high-protein diet, exercise alone showed lower LPS-induced release of c-c motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), which tended to be more pronounced in men compared with women. Eight weeks of a high-protein, omega-3-enriched diet combined with exercise decreased circulating anti-inflammatory markers, and pro-inflammatory markers in men. A high-protein diet attenuated anti-inflammatory markers on gene expression level in PBMC. Exercise alone resulted in a lower pro-inflammatory response to LPS-exposure in whole-blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Haß
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sarah Heider
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Vivian GK, da Silva RO, Santos ACA, Hastreiter AA, Dias CC, Makiyama EN, Borelli P, de Oliveira Rodrigues C, Fock RA. The interaction between aging and protein malnutrition modulates peritoneal macrophage function: An experimental study in male mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112025. [PMID: 36372284 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is considered one of the most common problems in the elderly population worldwide and can significantly interfere in health evolution in these individuals, predisposing them to increased infection susceptibility. The immune response triggered by infections comprises several mechanisms, and macrophages play important roles in this response. This study aimed to evaluate mechanisms related to macrophage function in a model of protein malnutrition in the elderly. Two age groups (young: 3-5 months and elderly: 18-19 months) male C57BL/6NTac mice were subjected to protein malnutrition with a low-protein diet (2 %). The nutritional status, hemogram and number of peritoneal cells were affected by both age and nutritional status. Additionally, the spreading capacity as well as the phagocytic and fungicidal activity of peritoneal macrophages were affected by the nutritional status and age of the animal. Interestingly, the percentages of F4/80+/CD11b+ and CD86+ cells were reduced mostly in elderly animals, while the TLR-4+ population was more affected by nutritional status than by age. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 was also influenced by nutritional status and/or by age, and malnourished animals of advanced age produced higher amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, the phosphorylation ratio of the transcription factor NFκB (pNFκB/NFκB) was directly affected by the nutritional status, independently of age. Thus, these results allow us to conclude that aging and protein malnutrition compromise macrophage function, likely affecting their immune function, and in aged protein-malnourished animals, this impairment tends to be more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kodja Vivian
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renaira Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristina Antunes Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carvalho Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Primavera Borelli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Jansakun C, Chunglok W, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid- and hepatocyte-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to dichotomous opposing phenotypes during MCD diet-induced NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166590. [PMID: 36334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of phospholipase A2VIA (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are associated with body weights and blood C-reactive protein. The role of iPLA2β/PLA2G6 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still elusive because female iPla2β-null mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis but exacerbated hepatic fibrosis after feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Herein, female mice with myeloid- (MPla2g6-/-) and hepatocyte- (LPla2g6-/-) specific PLA2G6 deletion were generated and phenotyped after MCDD feeding. Without any effects on hepatic steatosis, MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed further exaggeration of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as elevation of plasma TNFα, CCL2, and circulating monocytes. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from MPla2g6-/- mice displayed upregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα proteins, and elevated release of IL6 and CXCL1 under LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated BMDMs from MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed suppressed expression of M1 Tnfa and Il6, but marked upregulation of M2 Arg1, Chil3, IL10, and IL13 as well as chemokine receptors Ccr2 and Ccr5. This in vitro shift was associated with exaggeration of hepatic M1/M2 cytokines, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and fibrosis genes. Contrarily, MCDD-fed LPla2g6-/- mice showed a complete protection which was associated with upregulation of Ppara/PPARα and attenuated expression of Pparg/PPARγ, fatty-acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis genes. Interestingly, LPla2g6-/- mice fed with chow or MCDD displayed an attenuation of blood monocytes and elevation of anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in plasma and liver. Thus, PLA2G6 inactivation specifically in myeloid cells and hepatocytes led to opposing phenotypes in female mice undergoing NASH. Hepatocyte-specific PLA2G6 inhibitors may be further developed for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Herbst AC, Reedy SE, Page AE, Horohov DW, Adams AA. Effect of aging on monocyte phagocytic and inflammatory functions, and on the ex vivo inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide, in horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110459. [PMID: 35863208 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating age-related changes in the function of monocytes are currently limited for horses. Thus, the main goal of this study was to determine the effect of aging on monocyte phagocytic capacity and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A second goal of this work was to examine the effect of aging on the inflammatory cytokine responses to LPS in a whole blood ex vivo model. Seven healthy young adult (4-6 years of age) and seven healthy senior horses (>20 years of age) were enrolled. Phagocytosis of E. coli, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα) responses to LPS, were measured in monocytes by flow cytometry. Gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, CCL-5, CCL-2) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood by RT-qPCR post incubation for 2 h or 6 h with a low (0.01 µg/mL) or a high (1 µg/mL) dose of LPS. Two sets of statistical models were applied to compare the age groups, one adjusted, and one unadjusted for the horses' body condition scores (BCS). The percentage of monocytes that phagocytosed E. coli after 2 h of incubation was significantly lower in senior compared to young adult horses in the BCS-adjusted model. In the senior group, the expression of IL-1β in 2 h-0.01 µg/mL LPS-stimulated PBMCs was significantly higher than in the young adult group (BCS-adjusted and unadjusted models). In senior horses, expressions of IL-8 and IL-6 in whole blood samples stimulated for 6 h with 0.01 µg/mL LPS and for 2 h with 1 µg/mL LPS, respectively, were significantly lower than in young adult horses (BCS-adjusted models). The results of this study suggest that the phagocytic function of monocytes, as well as their IL-1β response to LPS may be altered in senior horses. In addition, the whole blood IL-8 and IL-6 gene expression responses to LPS may be insufficient in senior horses. While investigation of the effect of BCS on monocyte functions and whole blood pro-inflammatory LPS-responses was not a major goal of this work, it appears that adiposity may play a role in innate immune cell function, as significant differences between the age groups were often not apparent until the models were adjusted for BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Herbst
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - S E Reedy
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A E Page
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D W Horohov
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A A Adams
- MARS EQUESTRIAN™ Research Fellow, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Lindsay EK, Creswell JD, Stern HJ, Greco CM, Walko TD, Dutcher JM, Wright AGC, Brown KW, Marsland AL. Mindfulness-based stress reduction increases stimulated IL-6 production among lonely older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:6-15. [PMID: 35550854 PMCID: PMC9646928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a potent psychosocial stressor that predicts poor health and mortality among older adults, possibly in part by accelerating age-related declines in immunocompetence. Mindfulness interventions have shown promise for reducing loneliness and improving markers of physical health. In a sample of lonely older adults, this two-arm parallel trial tested whether mindfulness training enhances stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, a measure of innate immune responsivity. Lonely older adults (65-85 years; N = 190) were randomized to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) or control Health Enhancement Program (HEP) intervention. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of IL-6 was measured in vitro by blinded outcome assessors at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Mixed-effects linear models tested time (pre, post, follow-up) by condition (MBSR vs. HEP) effects. As predicted, a significant time × condition effect on stimulated IL-6 production was observed across pre, post, and follow-up timepoints. Significant MBSR vs. HEP differences emerged from pre- to post-intervention (p =.009, d = 0.38) and from pre-intervention to 3-month follow-up (p =.017, d = 0.35), with larger increases in IL-6 production following MBSR compared to HEP. No study-related adverse events were reported. Results show that mindfulness training may be effective for boosting innate immunocompetence among lonely older adults. Given that immunocompetence tends to decline with age, mindfulness training may help to counteract the effects of aging and psychosocial stress on infection risk and recovery from injury.
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Tomita K, Yamanishi-Taira S, Igarashi K, Oogai Y, Kuwahara Y, Roudkenar MH, Roushandeh AM, Miyawaki S, Kurimasa A, Sato T. Oxytocin ameliorates KCC2 decrease induced by oral bacteria-derived LPS that affect rat primary cultured cells and PC-12 cells. Peptides 2022; 150:170734. [PMID: 34974081 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, especially neuroinflammation, which is caused by stress, leads to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Because lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) cause neuroinflammation, we investigated the effect of LPSs to CNS. In PC-12 cells, LPSs derived from oral bacteria reduced the expression of KCC2, a Cl- transporter. LPS derived from P. gingivalis (P. g) administered to rat primary cultured cells also reduced the KCC2 expression. However, LPSs derived from E. coli did not reduce the KCC2 expression. LPS treatment activated TLR4, IL-1β, and REST gene expressions, which led to KCC2 inactivation in PC-12 cells. The mechanism of KCC2 has been shown to play an important role in brain maturation, function (such as the GABA switch), and behavioral problems, we investigated the GABA function. We found that the GABA function was changed from inhibitory to excitatory by the LPS derived from P. g treatment. We demonstrated that the GSK3β also involved in the KCC2 reduction by LPS treatment. We show that oxytocin rescued the reduction in KCC2 expression caused by LPSs by inhibiting GSK3β signaling but vasopressin could not. Considered together, our results indicate that the LPSs from oral bacteria but not the LPS from E. coli increase the risk for brain disorders and oxytocin might be a candidate to overcome the abnormal behavior caused by brain disorders such as psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Yamanishi-Taira
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oogai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar St., Rasht, 41887-94755, Iran
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Parastar St., Rasht, 41887-94755, Iran
| | - Shouichi Miyawaki
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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9
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Davidsen K, Carstensen S, Kriegbaum M, Bruunsgaard H, Lund R. Do partnership dissolutions and living alone affect systemic chronic inflammation? A cohort study of Danish adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:jech-2021-217422. [PMID: 35012967 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-217422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partnership breakups and living alone are associated with several adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study, carried out in Denmark, is to investigate whether accumulated numbers of divorces/partnership breakups or years lived alone across 26 years of adult life are associated with levels of inflammation, and if vulnerability with regards to gender or educational level can be identified. METHODS 4835 participants from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) aged 48-62 years were included. Data on accumulated numbers of partnership breakups and years living alone were retrieved from a national standardised annual register. Inflammatory markers interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured in blood samples. Multivariate linear regression analyses were adjusted for age, educational level, early major life events, body mass index, chronic diseases, medicinal intake affecting inflammation, acute inflammation and personality scores. RESULTS For men, an association was found between an increasing number of partnership breakups or number of years living alone and higher levels of inflammatory markers. No such association was found for women, and no evidence of partnership breakups and educational level having a joint effect was found for either gender. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a strong association between years lived alone or accumulated number of partnership breakups and low-grade inflammation for middle-aged men, but not for women. Among those of either sex with a lower level of education, no specific vulnerability to accumulated years lived alone or number of breakups was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Davidsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Carstensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit Kriegbaum
- Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Bruunsgaard
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism; Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Helath, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
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10
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Rodas L, Martínez S, Riera-Sampol A, Moir HJ, Tauler P. Blood Cell In Vitro Cytokine Production in Response to Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation in a Healthy Population: Effects of Age, Sex, and Smoking. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010103. [PMID: 35011664 PMCID: PMC8750398 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system functionality has been commonly assessed by a whole-blood or isolated-cell stimulation assay. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokine production in whole-blood-stimulated samples is influenced by age, sex, and smoking. A descriptive cross-sectional study in 253 healthy participants aged 18-55 years was conducted. Whole blood samples were stimulated for 24 h with LPS and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined in the culture media. Among parameters considered, statistical regression analysis indicated that smoking (change in R2 = 0.064, p < 0.001) and sex (change in R2 = 0.070, p < 0.001) were the main predictors for IL-10 production, with higher values for women and non-smokers. Age was also found to be a significant predictor (change in R2 = 0.021, p < 0.001), with higher values for younger ages. Age (change in R2 = 0.089, p = 0.013) and smoking (change in R2 = 0.037, p = 0.002) were found to be negative predictors for IL-6 production. Regarding TNF-α-stimulated production, age (change in R2 = 0.029, p = 0.009) and smoking (change in R2 = 0.022, p = 0.022) were found to be negative predictors. Furthermore, sex (change in R2 = 0.016, p = 0.045) was found to be a significant predictor, with lower values for women. In conclusion, sex, age, and smoking were found to be independent determinants of stimulated cytokine production. While female sex is associated with higher IL-10 and lower TNF-α production, aging and smoking are associated with lower IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Rodas
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles and Health, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
| | - Sonia Martínez
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles and Health, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.T.); Tel.: +34-971-172858 (P.T.)
| | - Aina Riera-Sampol
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles and Health, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Hannah J. Moir
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Pedro Tauler
- Research Group on Evidence, Lifestyles and Health, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.T.); Tel.: +34-971-172858 (P.T.)
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11
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Inoue Y, Nakata A, Kurioka S, Nagata T, Mori K. [Association of self-rated health with inflammatory markers among nursing home employees]. SANGYŌ EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 63:117-128. [PMID: 33087634 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2020-020-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although self-rated health (SRH), the self-evaluation of one's own health status, has been reported to be associated with the immune status, the relationship between three different SRH measures (global, self-comparative, and age-comparative) with inflammatory markers as well as the relative strength of these associations by age are not well understood. The current study investigated the associations between SRH measures and inflammatory markers among nursing home employees. METHODS A sample of 120 Japanese employees at a nursing home (90 women and 30 men), aged 21-68 years (mean, 40.9 years), underwent a blood test for the measurement of inflammatory markers (interferon-γ, interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, white blood cell count) and SRH during the annual health checkup. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for covariates was performed to analyze the relationship between inflammatory markers and SRH measures stratified by age, that is, aged < 40 years (younger age group) and 40 years and over (older age group). RESULTS Among the participants aged 40 years and over, poor global SRH was significantly associated with an increase in IL-6, while poor age-comparative SRH was significantly associated with an increase in TNF-α among participants aged < 40 years in the fully adjusted model controlling for potential confounders. Age-comparative SRH was also significantly associated with an increase in IL-6 among all participants. Self-comparative SRH was not significantly associated with inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that three SRH measures are not equivalently associated with inflammatory markers, especially when the analyses were performed separately for the younger and older populations. This implies that not only differences in forms of SRH but also in age modify the relationship between SRH and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Inoue
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare.,Institutional Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Akinori Nakata
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Koji Mori
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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12
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FATP4 inactivation in cultured macrophages attenuates M1- and ER stress-induced cytokine release via a metabolic shift towards triacylglycerides. Biochem J 2021; 478:1861-1877. [PMID: 33900381 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) belongs to a family of acyl-CoA synthetases which activate long-chain fatty acids into acyl-CoAs subsequently used in specific metabolic pathways. Patients with FATP4 mutations and Fatp4-null mice show thick desquamating skin and other complications, however, FATP4 role on macrophage functions has not been studied. We here determined whether the levels of macrophage glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids including ceramides, triacylglycerides, and cytokine release could be altered by FATP4 inactivation. Two in vitro experimental systems were studied: FATP4 knockdown in THP-1-derived macrophages undergoing M1 (LPS + IFNγ) or M2 (IL-4) activation and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from macrophage-specific Fatp4-knockout (Fatp4M-/-) mice undergoing tunicamycin (TM)-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. FATP4-deficient macrophages showed a metabolic shift towards triacylglycerides and were protected from M1- or TM-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular injury. Fatp4M-/- BMDMs showed specificity in attenuating TM-induced activation of inositol-requiring enzyme1α, but not other unfolded protein response pathways. Under basal conditions, FATP4/Fatp4 deficiency decreased the levels of ceramides and induced an up-regulation of mannose receptor CD206 expression. The deficiency led to an attenuation of IL-8 release in THP-1 cells as well as TNF-α and IL-12 release in BMDMs. Thus, FATP4 functions as an acyl-CoA synthetase in macrophages and its inactivation suppresses the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by shifting fatty acids towards the synthesis of specific lipids.
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13
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Jiang Y, Fang Z, Leonard W, Zhang P. Phenolic compounds in Lycium berry: Composition, health benefits and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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14
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Wilms E, An R, Smolinska A, Stevens Y, Weseler AR, Elizalde M, Drittij MJ, Ioannou A, van Schooten FJ, Smidt H, Masclee AAM, Zoetendal EG, Jonkers DMAE. Galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation in prefrail older and healthy adults increased faecal bifidobacteria, but did not impact immune function and oxidative stress. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3019-3031. [PMID: 33509667 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ageing is associated with an increased risk of frailty, intestinal microbiota perturbations, immunosenescence and oxidative stress. Prebiotics such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) may ameliorate these ageing-related alterations. We aimed to compare the faecal microbiota composition, metabolite production, immune and oxidative stress markers in prefrail elderly and younger adults, and investigate the effects of GOS supplementation in both groups. METHODS In a randomised controlled cross-over study, 20 prefrail elderly and 24 healthy adults received 21.6 g/day Biotis™ GOS (containing 15.0 g/day GOS) or placebo. Faecal 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota and short-chain fatty acids were analysed at 0, 1 and 4 weeks of intervention.Volatile organic compounds were analysed in breath, and stimulated cytokine production, CRP, malondialdehyde, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and uric acid (UA) in blood at 0 and 4 weeks. RESULTS Principle coordinate analysis showed differences in microbial composition between elderly and adults (P≤0.05), with elderly having lower bifidobacteria (P≤0.033) at baseline. In both groups, GOS affected microbiota composition (P≤0.05), accompanied by increases in bifidobacteria (P<0.001) and decreased microbial diversity (P≤0.023). Faecal and breath metabolites, immune and oxidative stress markers neither differed between groups (P ≥ 0.125) nor were affected by GOS (P ≥ 0.236). TEAC values corrected for UA were higher in elderly versus adults (P<0.001), but not different between interventions (P ≥ 0.455). CONCLUSIONS Elderly showed lower faecal bifidobacterial (relative) abundance than adults, which increased after GOS intake in both groups. Faecal and breath metabolites, parameters of immune function and oxidative stress were not different at baseline, and not impacted by GOS supplementation. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV WITH STUDY ID NUMBER NCT03077529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Wilms
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Smolinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yala Stevens
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antje R Weseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Elizalde
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Drittij
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Athanasia Ioannou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ad A M Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy M A E Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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15
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De Maeyer RPH, Chambers ES. The impact of ageing on monocytes and macrophages. Immunol Lett 2020; 230:1-10. [PMID: 33309673 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a global burden. Increasing age is associated with increased incidence of infections and cancer and decreased vaccine efficacy. This increased morbidity observed with age, is believed to be due in part to a decline in adaptive immunity, termed immunosenescence. However not all aspects of immunity decrease with age as ageing presents with systemic low grade chronic inflammation, characterised by elevated concentrations of mediators such as IL-6, TNFα and C Reactive protein (CRP). Inflammation is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, and chronic inflammation is known to be detrimental to a functioning immune system. Although the source of the inflammation is much discussed, the key cells which are believed to facilitate the inflammageing phenomenon are the monocytes and macrophages. In this review we detail how macrophage and monocyte phenotype and function change with age. The impact of ageing on macrophages includes decreased phagocytosis and immune resolution, increased senescent-associated markers, increased inflammatory cytokine production, reduced autophagy, and a decrease in TLR expression. With monocytes there is an increase in circulating CD16+ monocytes, decreased type I IFN production, and decreased efferocytosis. In conclusion, we believe that monocytes and macrophages contribute to immunosenescence and inflammageing and as a result have an important role in defective immunity with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Centre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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16
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Levin G, Boyd JG, Day A, Hunt M, Maslove DM, Norman P, O'Callaghan N, Sibley S, Muscedere J. The relationship between immune status as measured by stimulated ex-vivo tumour necrosis factor alpha levels and the acquisition of nosocomial infections in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:55. [PMID: 32936371 PMCID: PMC7494693 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunological dysfunction is common in critically ill patients but its clinical significance and the optimal method to measure it are unknown. The level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after ex-vivo whole blood stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been proposed as a possible method to quantify immunological function. We hypothesized that in a cohort of critically ill patients, those with a lower post-stimulation TNF-α level would have increased rates of nosocomial infections (NIs) and worse clinical outcomes. Methods A secondary analysis of a phase 2 randomized, multi-centre, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. As there was no difference between treatment and control arms in outcomes and NI rate, all the patients were analyzed as one cohort. On enrolment, day 4, 7, and weekly until day 28, whole blood was incubated with LPS ex-vivo and subsequent TNF-α level was measured. Patients were grouped in tertiles according to delta and peak TNF-α level. The primary outcome was the association between NIs and tertiles of TNF-α level post LPS stimulation; secondary outcomes included ICU and 90-day mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. Results Data was available for 201 patients. Neither the post LPS stimulation delta TNF-α group nor the peak TNF-α post-stimulation group were associated with the development of NIs or clinical outcomes. Patients in the highest tertile for post LPS stimulation delta TNF-α compared to the lowest tertile were younger [61.1 years ± 15.7 vs. 68.6 years ± 12.8 standard deviations (SD) in the lowest tertile], had lower acuity of illness (APACHE II 25.0 ± 9.7 vs. 26.7 ± 6.1) and had lower baseline TNF-α (9.9 pg/mL ± 19.0 vs. 31.0 pg/mL ± 68.5). When grouped according to peak post-stimulation TNF-α levels, patients in the highest tertile had higher serum TNF-α at baseline (21.3 pg/mL ± 66.7 compared to 6.5 pg/mL ± 9.0 in the lowest tertile). Conclusion In this prospective multicenter study, ex-vivo stimulated TNF-α level was not associated with the occurrence of NIs or clinical outcomes. Further study is required to better ascertain whether TNF levels and ex-vivo stimulation can be used to characterize immune function in critical illness and if other assays might be better suited to this task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Gordon Boyd
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Watkins C, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V3, Canada
| | - Andrew Day
- Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miranda Hunt
- Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Maslove
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Watkins C, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V3, Canada
| | - Patrick Norman
- Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - John Muscedere
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Watkins C, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V3, Canada.
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17
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Jia R, Zhou M, Tuttle CSL, Maier AB. Immune capacity determines outcome following surgery or trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2019; 46:979-991. [PMID: 31781831 PMCID: PMC7593308 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-019-01271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Immunological functions are altered following physical injury. The magnitude of the immunological response is dependent on the initial injury. However, variability in the immune response exists within and between patients where only some patients are at risk of developing complications such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome after injury. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine production capacity of leucocytes can be used as a functional test to predict the risk of developing complications after injury. Methods Medline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify articles that investigated the association between LPS induced cytokine production capacity in leucocytes and any clinical outcome after surgery or trauma. Where sufficient information was supplied, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall clinical outcomes. Results A total of 25 articles out of 6765 abstracts identified through the literature search were included in this review. Most articles described a positive association between cytokine production capacity and the development of inflammatory complications (n = 15/25). Coincidingly, the meta-analysis demonstrated that TNFα (Hedges g: 0.63, 95% CI 0.23, 1.03), IL-6 (Hedges g: 0.76, 95% CI 0.41, 1.11) and IL-8 (Hedges g: 0.93, 95% CI 0.46, 1.39) production capacity was significantly higher, one day after injury, in patients who developed inflammatory complications compared to patients who did not following trauma or surgical intervention. No significant difference was observed for IL-1β. Conclusion The associations of elevated LPS-induced cytokine production capacity with the risk of developing inflammatory complications are consistent with previous theories that proposed excessive inflammation is accompanied by anti-inflammatory mechanisms that results in a period of immunosuppression and increased risk of secondary complications. However, immunological biomarkers for risk stratification is still a developing field of research where further investigations and validations are required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00068-019-01271-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Jia
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moran Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Camilla S L Tuttle
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrjie Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Bailey KL, Smith LM, Heires AJ, Katafiasz DM, Romberger DJ, LeVan TD. Aging leads to dysfunctional innate immune responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1185-1193. [PMID: 30402800 PMCID: PMC6504629 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is more common in the elderly. TNF⍺ is recognized as an important mediator in sepsis and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in initiating signaling cascades to produce TNF⍺. Little is known about how innate immunity is altered in healthy human aging that predisposes to sepsis. AIMS AND METHODS We tested the hypothesis that aging dysregulates the innate immune response to TLR 2 and 4 ligands. We performed whole blood assays on 554 healthy subjects aged 40-80 years. TNFα production was measured at baseline and after stimulation with the TLR2 agonists: peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, Pam3CysK, Zymosan A and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In a subset of subjects (n = 250), we measured Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 and MyD88 expression using real-time PCR. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We measured a 2.5% increase per year in basal secretion of TNFα with aging (n = 554 p = 0.02). Likewise, TNFα secretion was increased with aging after stimulation with peptidoglycan (1.3% increase/year; p = 0.0005) and zymosan A (1.1% increase/year p = 0.03). We also examined the difference between baseline and stimulated TNFα for each individual. We found that the increase was driven by the elevated baseline levels. In fact, there was a diminished stimulated response to LPS (1.9% decrease/year; p = 0.05), lipoteichoic acid (2.1% decrease/year p = 0.03), and Pam3CysK (2.6% decrease/year p = 0.0007). There were no differences in TLR or MyD88 mRNA expression with aging, however, there was an inverse relationship between TLR expression and stimulated TNFα production. CONCLUSIONS With aging, circulating leukocytes produce high levels of TNFα at baseline and have inadequate responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. These defects likely contribute to the increased susceptibility to sepsis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Art J Heires
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Dawn M Katafiasz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Tricia D LeVan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Beenakker KGM, Westendorp RGJ, de Craen AJM, Chen S, Raz Y, Ballieux BEPB, Nelissen RGHH, Later AFL, Huizinga TW, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI, Maier AB. Men Have a Stronger Monocyte-Derived Cytokine Production Response upon Stimulation with the Gram-Negative Stimulus Lipopolysaccharide than Women: A Pooled Analysis Including 15 Study Populations. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:142-153. [PMID: 31230049 PMCID: PMC7098282 DOI: 10.1159/000499840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of bacterial infections and sepsis, as well as the mortality risk from sepsis, is sex specific. These clinical findings have been attributed to sex differences in immune responsiveness. The aim of the present study was to investigate sex differences in monocyte-derived cytokine production response upon stimulation with the gram-negative stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using cytokine data from 15 study populations. Individual data on ex vivo cytokine production response upon stimulation with LPS in whole blood were available for 4,020 subjects originating from these 15 study populations, either from the general population or from patient populations with specific diseases. Men had a stronger cytokine production response than women to LPS for tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-1RA, and IL-10, but not for interferon-γ. The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production response was lower in men than in women. These sex differences were independent of chronological age. As men had higher monocyte concentrations, we normalized the cytokine production responses for monocyte concentration. After normalization, the sex differences in cytokine production response to LPS disappeared, except for IL-10, for which the production response was lower in men than in women. A sex-based approach to interpreting immune responsiveness is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel G M Beenakker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen Mental Health Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yotam Raz
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Statistics, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart E P B Ballieux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander F L Later
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieternella E Slagboom
- Department of Medical Statistics, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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20
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Nesseler N, Martin-Chouly C, Perrichet H, Ross JT, Rousseau C, Sinha P, Isslame S, Masseret E, Mallédant Y, Launey Y, Seguin P. Low interleukin-10 release after ex vivo stimulation of whole blood is associated with persistent organ dysfunction in sepsis: A prospective observational study. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2019; 38:485-491. [PMID: 30797048 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis profoundly alters immune homeostasis. Cytokine release after whole blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation reflects cell function across multiple immune cell classes and represents the immune response to LPS. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ex vivo stimulation of whole blood with LPS in sepsis. METHODS Blood was drawn on day 1 and day 7 after admission, and stimulated ex vivo with LPS. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured with and without stimulation. Our primary outcome measure was the persistence of at least one organ dysfunction at day 7. Organ dysfunction was defined according to the SOFA components by a score ≥ 2. RESULTS Forty-nine patients with sepsis from a 21-bed intensive care unit, and 23 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The blood of septic patients was less responsive to ex vivo stimulation with LPS than that of healthy controls at day 1 and 7, as demonstrated by lower TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 release. Persistent organ dysfunction was more frequent in patients with lower IL-10 release at day 1 but such an association was not found for pro-inflammatory cytokines. A persistent low IL-10 release at day 7 was also associated with persistent organ dysfunction. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the capacity to produce IL-10 in response to whole blood ex vivo stimulation early in sepsis, as well as persistent low IL-10 response over time, may help in prognostication and patient stratification. These results will need to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nesseler
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Rennes 1 university, Rennes, France; Inserm, UMR 1214 NuMeCan, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Clinical investigation centre, inserm unit 1414, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Rennes 1 university, Rennes, France; Inserm, UMR 1085 IRSET, research institute for environmental and occupational health, Rennes, France
| | - Harmonie Perrichet
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Rennes 1 university, Rennes, France
| | - James T Ross
- Department of surgery, university of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Chloé Rousseau
- Clinical investigation centre, inserm unit 1414, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pratik Sinha
- Department of medicine and anesthesia, division of pulmonary and critical care, university of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sonia Isslame
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Masseret
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Mallédant
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Rennes 1 university, Rennes, France; Inserm, UMR 1214 NuMeCan, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yoann Launey
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Rennes 1 university, Rennes, France; Inserm, UMR 1214 NuMeCan, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Seguin
- Intensive care unit, anaesthesia and critical care department, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Rennes 1 university, Rennes, France; Inserm, UMR 1214 NuMeCan, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; Clinical investigation centre, inserm unit 1414, Pontchaillou, university hospital of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
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Abstract
A history of prior fracture is the most reliable indicator of prospective fracture risk. Increased fracture risk is not confined to the region of the prior fracture, but is operant at all skeletal sites, providing strong evidence of systemic bone loss after fracture. Animal and human studies suggest that systemic bone loss begins shortly after fracture and persists for several years in humans. In fact, bone quantity and bone quality may never fully return to their pre-fracture levels, especially in older subjects, demonstrating a need for improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to systemic bone loss after fracture in order to reduce subsequent fracture risk. Although the process remains incompletely understood, mechanical unloading (disuse), systemic inflammation, and hormones that control calcium homeostasis may all contribute to systemic bone loss. Additionally, individual factors can potentially affect the magnitude and time course of systemic bone loss and recovery. The magnitude of systemic bone loss correlates positively with injury severity and age. Men may also experience greater bone loss or less recovery than women after fracture. This review details the current understanding of systemic bone loss following fracture, including possible underlying mechanisms and individual factors that may affect this injury response.
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Peniche AG, Spinler JK, Boonma P, Savidge TC, Dann SM. Aging impairs protective host defenses against Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in mice by suppressing neutrophil and IL-22 mediated immunity. Anaerobe 2018; 54:83-91. [PMID: 30099125 PMCID: PMC6291369 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality associated with Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) rises progressively with advanced age (≥65 years) due in part to perturbations of the gut microbiota and immune dysfunction. Epidemiological data of community-acquired CDI suggests increased susceptibility may begin earlier during middle-age (45-64 years) but the causation remains unknown. METHODS Middle-aged (12-14 months) and young (2-4 months) adult mice were infected with C. difficile, and disease severity, gut microbiome and innate immune response were compared. Cytokine reconstitution studies were performed in infected middle-aged mice. RESULTS Infection of middle-aged mice with C. difficile led to greater disease compared to young controls, which was associated with increases in C. difficile burden and toxin titers, and elevated bacterial translocation. With the exception of an expansion of C. difficile in middle-aged mice, microbiome analysis revealed no age-related differences. In contrast, middle-aged mice displayed a significant defect in neutrophil recruitment to the colon, with diminished levels of innate immune cytokines IL-6, IL-23 and IL-22. Importantly, recombinant IL-22 administration during CDI reduced morbidity and prevented death in middle-aged mice. CONCLUSION Increased susceptibility to C. difficile occurs in middle-aged mice modeling the community-acquired CDI demographics and is driven by an impaired innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Peniche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prapaporn Boonma
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara M Dann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Galveston, TX, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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23
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Powrie YSL, Smith C. Central intracrine DHEA synthesis in ageing-related neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: therapeutic potential? J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:289. [PMID: 30326923 PMCID: PMC6192186 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that DHEA declines on ageing and that it is linked to ageing-related neurodegeneration, which is characterised by gradual cognitive decline. Although DHEA is also associated with inflammation in the periphery, the link between DHEA and neuroinflammation in this context is less clear. This review drew from different bodies of literature to provide a more comprehensive picture of peripheral vs central endocrine shifts with advanced age—specifically in terms of DHEA. From this, we have formulated the hypothesis that DHEA decline is also linked to neuroinflammation and that increased localised availability of DHEA may have both therapeutic and preventative benefit to limit neurodegeneration. We provide a comprehensive discussion of literature on the potential for extragonadal DHEA synthesis by neuroglial cells and reflect on the feasibility of therapeutic manipulation of localised, central DHEA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S L Powrie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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24
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Chi L, Bian X, Gao B, Tu P, Ru H, Lu K. The Effects of an Environmentally Relevant Level of Arsenic on the Gut Microbiome and Its Functional Metagenome. Toxicol Sci 2018; 160:193-204. [PMID: 28973555 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple environmental factors induce dysbiosis in the gut microbiome and cause a variety of human diseases. Previously, we have first demonstrated that arsenic alters the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the functional impact of arsenic on the gut microbiome has not been adequately assessed, particularly at environmentally relevant concentrations. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomics sequencing to investigate how exposure to 100 ppb arsenic for 13 weeks alters the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in mice. Arsenic exposure altered the alpha and beta diversities as well as the composition profile of the gut microbiota. Metagenomics data revealed that the abundances of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, especially pyruvate fermentation, short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and starch utilization, and were significantly changed. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes, multiple stress response genes, and DNA repair genes were significantly increased in the gut microbiome of arsenic-exposed mice. The genes involved in the production or processing of multiple vitamins, including folic acid and vitamins B6, B12, and K2, were also enriched in arsenic-treated mice. In, addition, genes involved in multidrug resistance and conjugative transposon proteins were highly increased after treatment with arsenic. In conclusion, we demonstrate that arsenic exposure, at an environmentally relevant dose, not only perturbed the communal composition of the gut microbiome but also profoundly altered a variety of important bacterial functional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519
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25
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Lazaridou A, Martel MO, Cahalan CM, Cornelius MC, Franceschelli O, Campbell CM, Haythornthwaite JA, Smith M, Riley J, Edwards RR. The impact of anxiety and catastrophizing on interleukin-6 responses to acute painful stress. J Pain Res 2018; 11:637-647. [PMID: 29636630 PMCID: PMC5880517 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s147735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the influence of anxiety and pain-related catastrophizing on the time course of acute interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses to standardized noxious stimulation among patients with chronic pain. Methods Data were collected from 48 participants in the following demographically matched groups: patients with chronic pain (n=36) and healthy controls (n=12). Participants underwent a series of Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) procedures assessing responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli during two separate visits, in a randomized order. One visit consisted of standard, moderately painful QST procedures, while the other visit involved nonpainful analogs to these testing procedures. Blood samples were taken at baseline, and then for up to 2 hours after QST in order to study the time course of IL-6 responses. Results Results of multilevel analyses revealed that IL-6 responses increased across assessment time points in both visits (p<0.001). While patients with chronic pain and healthy controls did not differ in the magnitude of IL-6 responses, psychological factors influenced IL-6 trajectories only in the chronic pain group. Among patients, increases in catastrophizing over the course of the QST session were associated with elevated IL-6 responses only during the painful QST session (p<0.05). When controlling for anxiety, results indicated that the main multilevel model among patients remained significant (p<0.05). Conclusion Under specific conditions (eg, application of a painful stressor), catastrophizing may be associated with amplified proinflammatory responses in patients with persistent pain. These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that reduce negative pain-related cognitions may benefit patients’ inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Lazaridou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc O Martel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine M Cahalan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marise C Cornelius
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Franceschelli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia M Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Haythornthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Riley
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Majd M, Graham-Engeland JE, Smyth JM, Sliwinski MJ, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Engeland CG. Distinct inflammatory response patterns are evident among men and women with higher depressive symptoms. Physiol Behav 2018; 184:108-115. [PMID: 29133231 PMCID: PMC5841550 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research links depression and inflammation, with emerging evidence suggesting some differences between males and females in these associations. However, relatively few studies have examined stimulated inflammatory responses (ex vivo) in depression. The present research investigated the associations between depressive symptoms, basal inflammation, and LPS-stimulated production of pro- (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and an anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), with a focus on the extent to which gender moderates these relationships. As part of a larger study, 162 socio-economically and racially diverse subjects (ages 25-65, 67% women) completed extensive self-report measures, including depressive symptoms. Whole blood was quantified for basal inflammation, or incubated with 1μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 2h (at 37°C, 5% CO2) to quantify inflammatory responses to bacterial challenge. We examined the associations between depression and inflammatory markers in regression analyses, controlling for age, BMI, race/ethnicity, income, education, and use of medications. No main effects were observed between depressive symptoms and basal or stimulated levels of inflammation. Moderation analyses revealed a significant interaction between depressive symptoms and gender for stimulated TNF-α, stimulated IL-6 (p<0.05), and a marginally significant interaction for stimulated IL-10 (p=0.07). For men, higher depressive symptoms were associated with significantly higher production of TNF-α (p<0.05) and marginally higher IL-6 (p=0.07), but not with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. For women, higher depressive symptoms were associated with significantly lower production of TNF-α and IL-10 (ps<0.05), and marginally lower IL-6 (p=0.06). These findings provide evidence for gender differences in the association of depressive symptoms with inflammatory response patterns, and highlight the utility of assessing ex vivo immune responses in blood. Implications for health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Majd
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Graham-Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Clements SJ, Maijo M, Ivory K, Nicoletti C, Carding SR. Age-Associated Decline in Dendritic Cell Function and the Impact of Mediterranean Diet Intervention in Elderly Subjects. Front Nutr 2017; 4:65. [PMID: 29312949 PMCID: PMC5742184 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is accompanied by increased susceptibility to infection and age-associated chronic diseases. It is also associated with reduced vaccine responses, which is often attributed to immunosenescence and the functional decline of the immune system. Immunosenescence is characterized by a chronic, low-grade, inflammatory state termed inflammaging. Habitants of Mediterranean (MED) regions maintain good health into old age; often attributed to MED diets. HYPOTHESIS Adoption of a MED-diet by elderly subjects, in Norfolk (UK), may improve immune responses of these individuals and in particular, dendritic cell (DC) function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A total of 120 elderly subjects (65-79 years old) recruited onto the Nu-AGE study, a multicenter European dietary study specifically addressing the needs of the elderly, across five countries, and were randomized to the control or MED-diet groups, for one year. Blood samples were taken pre- and post-intervention for DC analysis and were compared with each other, and to samples obtained from 45 young (18-40 years old) subjects. MED-diet compliance was assessed using high performance liquid chromatography-with tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urine samples. Immune cell and DC subset numbers and concentrations of secreted proteins were determined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS As expected, reduced myeloid DC numbers were observed in blood samples from elderly subjects compared with young. The elevated secretion of the adipokine, resistin, after ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly subjects, was significantly reduced after MED-diet intervention. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence of numerical and functional effects of aging on DCs. The MED-diet showed potential to impact on the aging immune cells investigated and could provide an economical approach to address problems associated with our aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Clements
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Maijo
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Ivory
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Health and Food Safety Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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28
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Rocha Sobrinho HMD, Silva DJD, Gomides LF, Dorta ML, Oliveira MAPD, Ribeiro-Dias F. TLR4 and TLR2 activation is differentially associated with age during Parkinson’s disease. Immunol Invest 2017; 47:71-88. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1379024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Delson José da Silva
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás and Instituto Integrado de Neurociências, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca Gomides
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Miriam Leandro Dorta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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29
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Chi L, Gao B, Bian X, Tu P, Ru H, Lu K. Manganese-induced sex-specific gut microbiome perturbations in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:142-153. [PMID: 28610994 PMCID: PMC5653225 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) leads to toxic effects, such as promoting the development of Parkinson's-like neurological disorders. The gut microbiome is deeply involved in immune development, host metabolism, and xenobiotics biotransformation, and significantly influences central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis, i.e. the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the CNS. However, it remains unclear whether Mn can affect the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions, particularly those linked to neurotoxicity. In addition, sex-specific effects of Mn have been reported, with no mechanism being identified yet. Recently, we have shown that the gut microbiome is largely different between males and females, raising the possibility that differential gut microbiome responses may contribute to sex-selective toxicity of Mn. Here, we applied high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics to explore how Mn2+ exposure affects the gut microbiome and its metabolism in C57BL/6 mice. Mn2+ exposure perturbed the gut bacterial compositions, functional genes and fecal metabolomes in a highly sex-specific manner. In particular, bacterial genes and/or key metabolites of neurotransmitter synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators are significantly altered by Mn2+ exposure, which can potentially affect chemical signaling of gut-brain interactions. Likewise, functional genes involved in iron homeostasis, flagellar motility, quorum sensing, and Mn transportation/oxidation are also widely changed by Mn2+ exposure. Taken together, this study has demonstrated that Mn2+ exposure perturbs the gut microbiome and its metabolic functions, which highlights the potential role of the gut microbiome in Mn2+ toxicity, particularly its sex-specific toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, United States
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, United States
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, United States.
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Rader EP, Baker BA. Inflammaging and the Age-Specific Responsiveness to Stretch-Shortening Contractions. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2017; 45:195-200. [PMID: 28704219 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With aging, muscle injury from rapid, continuous stretch-shortening contractions (SSC) is prolonged, and maladaptation to moderate-velocity, intermittent SSC is more common. We hypothesize that high baseline levels of inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress may underlie these outcomes, whereas careful modulation of high-intensity SSC training design resets basal conditions and permits muscle adaptation to SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Rader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV
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Khalaji S, Zondler L, KleinJan F, Nolte U, Mulaw MA, Danzer KM, Weishaupt JH, Gottschalk KE. Age Increases Monocyte Adhesion on Collagen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46532. [PMID: 28513618 PMCID: PMC5434452 DOI: 10.1038/srep46532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of monocytes to micro-injuries on arterial walls is an important early step in the occurrence and development of degenerative atherosclerotic lesions. At these injuries, collagen is exposed to the blood stream. We are interested whether age influences monocyte adhesion to collagen under flow, and hence influences the susceptibility to arteriosclerotic lesions. Therefore, we studied adhesion and rolling of human peripheral blood monocytes from old and young individuals on collagen type I coated surface under shear flow. We find that firm adhesion of monocytes to collagen type I is elevated in old individuals. Pre-stimulation by lipopolysaccharide increases the firm adhesion of monocytes homogeneously in older individuals, but heterogeneously in young individuals. Blocking integrin αx showed that adhesion of monocytes to collagen type I is specific to the main collagen binding integrin αxβ2. Surprisingly, we find no significant age-dependent difference in gene expression of integrin αx or integrin β2. However, if all integrins are activated from the outside, no differences exist between the age groups. Altered integrin activation therefore causes the increased adhesion. Our results show that the basal increase in integrin activation in monocytes from old individuals increases monocyte adhesion to collagen and therefore the risk for arteriosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khalaji
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa Zondler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fenneke KleinJan
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulla Nolte
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Kay-E Gottschalk
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Milan AM, Pundir S, Pileggi CA, Markworth JF, Lewandowski PA, Cameron-Smith D. Comparisons of the Postprandial Inflammatory and Endotoxaemic Responses to Mixed Meals in Young and Older Individuals: A Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:E354. [PMID: 28368340 PMCID: PMC5409693 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial inflammation and endotoxaemia are determinants of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk which are amplified by high fat meals. We aimed to examine the determinants of postprandial inflammation and endotoxaemia in older and younger adults following a high fat mixed meal. In a randomised cross-over trial, healthy participants aged 20-25 and 60-75 years (n = 15/group) consumed a high-fat breakfast and a low-fat breakfast. Plasma taken at baseline and post-meal for 5 h was analysed for circulating endotoxin, cytokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Older subjects had lower baseline PBMC expression of Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1) but greater insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and circulating MCP-1 compared to younger subjects. After either meal, there were no age differences in plasma, chylomicron endotoxin, or plasma LBP concentrations, nor in inflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression (MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α). Unlike younger participants, the older group had decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 expression after the meals. After a high-fat meal, older adults have no increased inflammatory or endotoxin response, but an altered oxidative stress gene response compared with younger adults. Healthy older adults, without apparent metabolic dysfunction, have a comparable postprandial inflammatory and endotoxaemia response to younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Chantal A Pileggi
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - James F Markworth
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Paul A Lewandowski
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Warun Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Park SY, Hwang E, Shin YK, Lee DG, Yang JE, Park JH, Yi TH. Immunostimulatory Effect of Enzyme-Modified Hizikia fusiformein a Mouse Model In Vitro and Ex Vivo. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 19:65-75. [PMID: 28138935 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hizikia fusiforme, a brown seaweed, has been utilized as a health food and in traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated whether enzyme-modified H. fusiforme extracts (EH) have immunological effects compared with normal H. fusiforme extracts (NH). The effects of NH and EH on immune responses were investigated by assessing nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and mice. Also, fucosterol was evaluated to find the active component of NH and EH by addressing cytotoxicity test and NO production. Both of NH and EH significantly increased cell viability and NO synthesis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression was more induced by EH with LPS treatment. Phagocytic activity, as the primary function of macrophages, was markedly induced by EH treatment. Additionally, EH encouraged splenocyte proliferation and recovered the levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in mice. Finally, fucosterol increased NO production with no cytotoxicity, which means that fucosterol is an active component of EH. In conclusion, EH has the potential to modulate immune function and could offer positive therapeutic effect for immune system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Eunson Hwang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Don-Gil Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, South Korea.
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Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: The Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:111-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Markopoulou D, Venetsanou K, Kaldis V, Chatzilia D, Chroni D, Stratouli S, Alamanos I. Evaluation of early immune response in multitrauma patients admitted in ICU: the effect of age. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4797077 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chen A, Oakley AE, Monteiro M, Tuomela K, Allan LM, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, O'Brien JT, Kalaria RN. Multiplex analyte assays to characterize different dementias: brain inflammatory cytokines in poststroke and other dementias. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 38:56-67. [PMID: 26827643 PMCID: PMC4759608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both the inflammatory potential and cognitive function decline during aging. The association between the repertoire of inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline is unclear. Inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be increased, decreased, or unchanged in the cerebrospinal fluid and sera of subjects with dementia. We assessed 112 postmortem brains from subjects diagnosed with poststroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia, mixed dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), comparing those to poststroke nondemented (PSND) subjects and age-matched controls. We analyzed 5 brain regions including the gray and white matter from the frontal and temporal lobes for a panel of cytokine and/or chemokine analytes using multiplex-array assays. Of the 37 analytes, 14 were under or near the detection limits, 7 were close to the lowest detection level, and 16 cytokines were within the linear range of the assay. We observed widely variable concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A at the high end (1-150 ng/mg protein), whereas several of the interleukins (IL, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor) at the low end (1-10 pg/mg). There were also regional variations; most notable being high concentrations of some cytokines (e.g., CRP and angiogenesis panel) in the frontal white matter. Overall, we found decreased concentrations of several cytokines, including IL-1 beta (p = 0.000), IL-6 (p = 0.000), IL-7 (p = 0.000), IL-8 (p = 0.000), IL-16 (p = 0.001), interferon-inducible protein-10 (0.044), serum amyloid A (p = 0.011), and a trend in IL-1 alpha (p = 0.084) across all dementia groups compared to nondemented controls. IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower in dementia subjects than in nondemented subjects in every region. In particular, lower levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were notable in the PSD compared to PSND subjects. Because these 2 stroke groups had comparable degree of vascular pathology, the lower production of IL-6 and IL-8 in PSD reaffirms a possible specific involvement of immunosenescence in dementia pathogenesis. In contrast, CRP was not altered between dementia and nondementia subjects or between PSD and PSND. Our study provides evidence not only for the feasibility of tracking cytokines in postmortem brain tissue but also suggests differentially impaired inflammatory mechanisms underlying dementia including AD. There was a diminished inflammatory response, possibly reflecting immunosenescence and cerebral atrophy, in all dementias. Strategies to enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines and boost the immune system of the brain may be beneficial for preventing cognitive dysfunction, especially after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Chen
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Arthur E Oakley
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Monteiro
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katri Tuomela
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise M Allan
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeta B Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Rader EP, Layner KN, Triscuit AM, Kashon ML, Gu JK, Ensey J, Baker BA. Desensitized morphological and cytokine response after stretch-shortening muscle contractions as a feature of aging in rats. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:138-49. [PMID: 26454037 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from contraction-induced injury is impaired with aging. At a young age, the secondary response several days following contraction-induced injury consists of edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and segmental muscle fiber degeneration to aid in the clearance of damaged tissue and repair. This morphological response has not been wholly established at advanced age. Our aim was to characterize muscle fiber morphology 3 and 10 days following stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs) varying in repetition number (i.e. 0, 30, 80, and 150) for young and old rats. For muscles of young rats, muscle fiber degeneration was overt at 3 days exclusively after 80 or 150 SSCs and returned significantly closer to control values by 10 days. For muscles of old rats, no such responses were observed. Transcriptional microarray analysis at 3 days demonstrated that muscles of young rats differentially expressed up to 2144 genes while muscles of old rats differentially expressed 47 genes. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that cellular movement was a major biological process over-represented with genes that were significantly altered by SSCs especially for young rats. Protein levels in muscle for various cytokines and chemokines, key inflammatory factors for cell movement, increased 3- to 50-fold following high-repetition SSCs for young rats with no change for old rats. This age-related differential response was insightful given that for control (i.e. 0 SSCs) conditions, protein levels of circulatory cytokines/chemokines were increased with age. The results demonstrate ongoing systemic low-grade inflammatory signaling and subsequent desensitization of the cytokine/chemokine and morphological response to contraction-induced injury with aging - features which accompany age-related impairment in muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Rader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Kayla N Layner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Alyssa M Triscuit
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Ja K Gu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - James Ensey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
| | - Brent A Baker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States.
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Oouchi M, Hasebe A, Hata H, Segawa T, Yamazaki Y, Yoshida Y, Kitagawa Y, Shibata KI. Age-related alteration of expression and function of TLRs and NK activity in oral candidiasis. Oral Dis 2015; 21:645-51. [PMID: 25704085 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Roles of aging or immune responses mediated by Toll-like receptors and natural killer cell in the onset or progression of human candidiasis remain unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the roles using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with oral candidiasis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects tested were healthy volunteers and patients who visited Dental Clinical Division of Hokkaido University Hospital. The patients with oral candidiasis included 39 individuals (25-89 years of age) with major complaints on pain in oral mucosa and/or dysgeusia. Healthy volunteers include students (25-35 years of age) and teaching staffs (50-65 years of age) of Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine. RESULTS Functions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 were downregulated significantly and the natural killer activity was slightly, but not significantly downregulated in aged healthy volunteers compared with healthy young volunteers. Functions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and the natural killer activity were significantly downregulated in patients with oral candidiasis compared with healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION Downregulation of functions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 as well as natural killer activity is suggested to be associated with the onset or progression of oral candidiasis in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oouchi
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan.,Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - A Hasebe
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - H Hata
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - T Segawa
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - Y Yamazaki
- Department of Gerondontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - Y Kitagawa
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
| | - K-I Shibata
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Japan
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Hansen S, Baptiste K, Fjeldborg J, Horohov D. A review of the equine age-related changes in the immune system: comparisons between human and equine aging, with focus on lung-specific immune-aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 20:11-23. [PMID: 25497559 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The equine aging process involves many changes to the immune system that may be related to genetics, the level of nutrition, the environment and/or an underlying subclinical disease. Geriatric horses defined as horses above the age of 20, exhibit a decline in body condition, muscle tone and general well-being. It is not known whether these changes contribute to decreased immune function or are the result of declining immune function. Geriatric years are characterized by increased susceptibility to infections and a reduced antibody response to vaccination as a result of changes in the immune system. Humans and horses share many of these age-related changes, with only a few differences. Thus, inflamm-aging and immunosenescence are well-described phenomena in both human and equine research, particularly in relation to the peripheral blood and especially the T-cell compartment. However, the lung is faced with unique challenges because of its constant interaction with the external environment and thus may not share similarities to peripheral blood when considering age-related changes in immune function. Indeed, recent studies have shown discrepancies in cytokine mRNA and protein expression between the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage immune cells. These results provide important evidence that age-related immune changes or 'dys-functions' are organ-specific.
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Toledo JO, Moraes CF, Souza VC, Tonet-Furioso AC, Afonso LCC, Córdova C, Nóbrega OT. Tailored antihypertensive drug therapy prescribed to older women attenuates circulating levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:209-15. [PMID: 25624753 PMCID: PMC4296909 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s74790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that antihypertensive drug therapy produces anti-inflammatory effects in clinical practice, this study investigated circulating levels of selected proinflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and interferon-γ [INF-γ]) in response to multivariate drug directions for blood pressure (BP) control. Methods Prospective study involving 110 hypertensive, community-dwelling older women with different metabolic disorders. A short-term BP-lowering drug therapy was conducted according to current Brazilian guidelines on hypertension, and basal cytokine levels were measured before and after intervention. Results Interventions were found to represent current hypertension-management practices in Brazil and corresponded to a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic BP levels in a whole-group analysis, as well as when users and nonusers of the most common therapeutic classes were considered separately. Considering all patients, mean IL-6 and TNF-α levels showed a significant decrease in circulating concentrations (P<0.01) at the endpoint compared with baseline, whereas the mean INF-γ level was not significantly different from baseline values. In separate analyses, only users of antagonists of the renin–angiotensin system and users of diuretics exhibited the same significant treatment-induced reduction in serum IL-6 and TNF-α observed in the whole group. Conclusion Our data demonstrates that a clinically guided antihypertensive treatment is effective in reversing the low-grade proinflammatory state of serum cytokines found in postmenopausal women and support extracardiac benefits from diuretics and renin–angiotensin system antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana O Toledo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clayton F Moraes
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Souza
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Luís C C Afonso
- Research Center in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Córdova
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Otávio T Nóbrega
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil ; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Vester H, Huber-Lang MS, Kida Q, Scola A, van Griensven M, Gebhard F, Nüssler AK, Perl M. The immune response after fracture trauma is different in old compared to young patients. Immun Ageing 2014; 11:20. [PMID: 25620994 PMCID: PMC4305233 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-014-0020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant medical progress and improved treatment, surgical procedures of proximal femur fractures in older patients are still associated with a high postoperative complication and mortality rate. Recently, several authors investigated the phenomenon of immunoageing, indicating differences in the ageing immune system. The aim of the present multi-center prospective clinical trial was to analyze differences in the posttraumatic immune response of old patients compared to young patients. METHODS Blood was collected from young patients (<50 y, n = 20) with long bone fractures (YF), old patients (>70 y, n = 21) with proximal femur fractures (OF) upon clinical admission and within 6 hours after surgery, and two healthy age matched control groups (YH & OH). Serum TRAIL- and cytokine concentrations were analyzed via cytometric bead array, Fas-Ligand and TNF-Receptor-I via ELISA. CD15(+) magnetic bead-isolated neutrophils (PMN) were TUNEL stained. RESULTS IL-6 was significantly increased only in OF after trauma and surgery whereas YF patient exhibited a marked decrease of TNF after trauma. Interestingly, a significant increase of GM-CSF serum levels was observed in YF only, whereas OF exhibited a decrease of systemic IFN-γ concentrations after trauma and after surgery. The healthy controls, old and young, had more or less similar inflammation levels. Moreover, TRAIL serum levels were diminished in OF after trauma and even further after surgery whereas in YF this was only observed after the surgical procedure. Fas-L concentrations were reduced only in YF after surgery or trauma. PMN apoptosis was significantly reduced only in YF, indicating activation of the innate immune system. DISCUSSION In summary, our data suggest that the posttraumatic immune response is differently regulated in old and young trauma patients. The operative procedure further impacts these differences after trauma. Whether the decreased activation of PMNs and phagocytes along with the observed dysregulation of the posttraumatic inflammatory response contributes to the high perioperative mortality rate of the elderly suffering from a proximal femoral fracture requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vester
- />Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus S Huber-Lang
- />Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qerim Kida
- />Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Scola
- />Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- />Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Gebhard
- />Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- />Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Perl
- />Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- />BG-Trauma Center Murnau, Prof.-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418 Murnau, Germany
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A comparison of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in equine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:238-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
The HLA-F adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) is a member of the ubiquitin-like gene family that alters protein function/stability through covalent ligation. Although FAT10 is induced by inflammatory mediators and implicated in immunity, the physiological functions of FAT10 are poorly defined. We report the discovery that FAT10 regulates lifespan through pleiotropic actions on metabolism and inflammation. Median and overall lifespan are increased 20% in FAT10ko mice, coincident with elevated metabolic rate, preferential use of fat as fuel, and dramatically reduced adiposity. This phenotype is associated with metabolic reprogramming of skeletal muscle (i.e., increased AMP kinase activity, β-oxidation and -uncoupling, and decreased triglyceride content). Moreover, knockout mice have reduced circulating glucose and insulin levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity in metabolic tissues, consistent with elevated IL-10 in skeletal muscle and serum. These observations suggest novel roles of FAT10 in immune metabolic regulation that impact aging and chronic disease.
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Cao Z, Yende S, Kellum JA, Angus DC, Robinson RAS. Proteomics reveals age-related differences in the host immune response to sepsis. J Proteome Res 2013; 13:422-32. [PMID: 24266763 DOI: 10.1021/pr400814s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is commonly caused by community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and may develop into severe sepsis, characterized by multiple organ failure. The risk of severe sepsis among CAP patients and subsequent mortality increases sharply after the age of 65. The molecular mechanisms associated with this age-related risk are not fully understood. To better understand factors involved with increased incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the elderly, we used a nested case-control study of patients enrolled in a multicenter observational cohort of 2320 participants with CAP. We identified a total of 39 CAP patients 50-65 and 70-85 years old who did or did not develop severe sepsis. Plasma samples were obtained on presentation to the emergency department and prior to therapeutic interventions. A semiquantitative plasma proteomics workflow was applied which incorporated tandem immunoaffinity depletion, iTRAQ labeling, strong cation exchange fractionation, and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. In total, 772 proteins were identified, of which 58 proteins exhibit statistically significant differences in expression levels among patients with severe sepsis as a function of age. Differentially expressed proteins are involved in pathways such as acute phase response, coagulation signaling, atherosclerosis signaling, lipid metabolism, and production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. This study provides insight into factors that may explain age-related differences in incidence of severe sepsis in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Cao
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Laboratory and Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Linterman MA. How T follicular helper cells and the germinal centre response change with age. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:72-9. [PMID: 24217812 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Normal ageing is accompanied by a decline in the function of the immune system that causes an increased susceptibility to infections and an impaired response to vaccination in older individuals. This results in an increased disease burden in the aged population, even with good immunisation programmes in place. The decreased response to vaccination is partly due to the diminution of the germinal centre response with age, caused by impaired T-cell help to B cells. Within the germinal centre, T-cell help is provided by a specialised subset of CD4(+) T cells; T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Tfh cells provide survival and selection signals to germinal centre B cells, allowing them to egress from the germinal centre and become long-live plasma cells or memory B cells, and provide life-long protection against subsequent infection. This review will discuss the cellular and molecular changes in both Tfh cells and germinal centre B cells that occur with advancing age, which result in a smaller germinal centre response and a less effective response to immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Linterman
- Lymphocyte signalling and development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
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Pinke KH, Calzavara B, Faria PF, do Nascimento MPP, Venturini J, Lara VS. Proinflammatory profile of in vitro monocytes in the ageing is affected by lymphocytes presence. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2013; 10:22. [PMID: 23758797 PMCID: PMC3707736 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with complex and constant remodeling of the immune function, resulting in an increasing susceptibility to infection and others diseases. The infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms, present in nursing homes and hospitals, constitute one of the most common infections in the elderly, and are mainly combated by innate immune cells. Although the functions of innate immunity seem more preserved during aging than of adaptive immune mechanisms, two systems operate in an integrated way in the body, so that injury in one part of the immune system inevitably affects the other as they are part of a defensive network. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro production of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL-8 and MCP-1) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and IL-10) cytokines by monocytes, stimulated or not (basal) with lipopolysaccharide, from healthy young and elderly subjects. By means of PBMCs, we also studied if cytokine profile is altered in these different patient groups, in the presence of lymphocytes, under the same experimental conditions. Results The monocytes from elderly presented higher basal production of TNF-α, MCP-1 and lower of TGF-β than young monocytes. PBMC showed similar cytokines production, irrespective age or stimulation presence. In the presence of lymphocytes, the spontaneous production of IL-10 was higher and of TGF-β was lower than monocytes, regardless of age. After LPS-stimulation, the presence of lymphocytes resulted in increased IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-10 and decreased CXCL-8 and TGF-β in comparison to pure culture of monocytes from young patients. With age, the same differences were observed, except for CXCL-8 and TGF-β which production was the same between monocytes and PBMC stimulated with LPS. Conclusion These findings reinforce the systemic state of inflamm-aging frequently reported in elderly and considered a factor of susceptibility to numerous diseases. Still, the cytokine production from just monocytes of the elderly showed alterations, while in the lymphocyte presence not, suggesting an immunomodulator role of lymphocytes on monocytes. In addition, the differences between the production patterns by LPS-stimulated PBMC between young and elderly volunteers can be related with an imbalance in response against Gram-negative bacteria in throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Henriette Pinke
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al, Dr, Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Frailty in old age is associated with decreased interleukin-12/23 production in response to toll-like receptor ligation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65325. [PMID: 23755218 PMCID: PMC3673922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive alterations of immune functions, leading to higher susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and reduced vaccine responses. Data concerning cytokine production in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands are highly variable in old people, reflecting the heterogeneity of the geriatric population. The aim of our study was to define the relative contribution of age and clinical status on TLR-induced interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-23 production as these cytokines play an important role in the protection against intracellular and extracellular pathogens, respectively. For this purpose, we recruited 100 subjects (aged 23–96 years) in the general population or hospitalized for chronic diseases. We collected information on clinical status (medical history, ongoing comorbidities, treatments and geriatric scales), biological parameters (biochemical and hematological tests, telomere length determination, cytomegalovirus serology). Whole blood samples were stimulated with a combination of TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands. We performed univariate and stepwise backward multivariate analyses regression to define which set of clinical variables could be predictive for IL-12p70 and IL-23 production in these conditions. Our results indicated that age was not correlated with TLR-mediated IL-12p70 and IL-23 production. In contrast, poor nutritional status and frailty in subjects >75 years were associated with decreased IL-12p70 and IL-23 production. By intracytoplasmic staining, we confirmed that production of IL-12/23p40 by conventional dendritic cells (DCs) upon TLR ligation was decreased in frail patients. However, proportion of DCs and monocytes subsets, phenotypic maturation and proximal signaling events were found to be comparable in frail and healthy old subjects. These results suggest the importance of age-associated clinical parameters and not age by itself in the alteration of innate immune responses in old individuals and emphasis the importance of innate immune responses in the susceptibility of frail geriatric patients to infections.
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Mocchegiani E, Romeo J, Malavolta M, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Diaz LE, Marcos A. Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in elderly. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:839-60. [PMID: 22222917 PMCID: PMC3636409 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The diet in the elderly does not provide a sufficient level of nutrients needed to maintain an adequate healthy status leading to micronutrient deficiencies and impaired immune response with subsequent development of degenerative diseases. Nutrient "zinc" is a relevant micronutrient involved in maintaining a good integrity of many body homeostatic mechanisms, including immune efficiency, owing to its requirement for the biological activity of many enzymes, proteins and for cellular proliferation and genomic stability. Old people aged 60-65 years and older have zinc intakes below 50% of the recommended daily allowance on a given day. Many causes can be involved: among them, altered intestinal absorption, inadequate mastication, psychosocial factors, drugs interactions, altered subcellular processes (zinc transporters (Zip and ZnT family), metallothioneins, divalent metal transporter-1). Zinc supplementation may remodel the immune alterations in elderly leading to healthy ageing. Several zinc trials have been carried out with contradictory data, perhaps due to incorrect choice of an effective zinc supplementation in old subjects showing subsequent zinc toxic effects on immunity. Old subjects with specific IL-6 polymorphism (GG allele carriers; named C-) are more prone for zinc supplementation than the entire old population, in whom correct dietary habits with foods containing zinc (Mediterranean diet) may be sufficient in restoring zinc deficiency and impaired immune response. We summarise the main causes of low zinc dietary intake in elderly reporting an update on the impact of zinc supplementation upon the immune response also on the basis of individual IL-6 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Mocchegiani
- Ctr. Nutrition and Ageing, Italian National Research Centres on Ageing (INRCA), Via Birarelli 8, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
Given the "inborn" nature of the innate immune system, it is surprising to find that innate immune function does in fact change with age. Similar patterns of distinct Toll-like-receptor-mediated immune responses come to light when one contrasts innate immune development at the beginning of life with that toward the end of life. Importantly, these developmental patterns of innate cytokine responses correlate with clinical patterns of susceptibility to disease: A heightened risk of suffering from excessive inflammation is often detected in prematurely born infants, disappears over the first few months of life, and reappears toward the end of life. In addition, risk periods for particular infections in early life reemerge in older adults. The near-mirror-image patterns that emerge in contrasts of early versus late innate immune ontogeny emphasize changes in host-environment interactions as the underlying molecular and teleologic drivers.
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