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Bazgir F, Nau J, Nakhaei-Rad S, Amin E, Wolf MJ, Saucerman JJ, Lorenz K, Ahmadian MR. The Microenvironment of the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2023; 12:1780. [PMID: 37443814 PMCID: PMC10341218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a key risk factor for the development of heart failure and predisposes individuals to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. While physiological cardiac hypertrophy is adaptive, hypertrophy resulting from conditions comprising hypertension, aortic stenosis, or genetic mutations, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is maladaptive. Here, we highlight the essential role and reciprocal interactions involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells in response to pathological conditions. Prolonged cardiovascular stress causes cardiomyocytes and non-myocardial cells to enter an activated state releasing numerous pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic, and pro-inflammatory mediators such as vasoactive hormones, growth factors, and cytokines, i.e., commencing signaling events that collectively cause cardiac hypertrophy. Fibrotic remodeling is mediated by cardiac fibroblasts as the central players, but also endothelial cells and resident and infiltrating immune cells enhance these processes. Many of these hypertrophic mediators are now being integrated into computational models that provide system-level insights and will help to translate our knowledge into new pharmacological targets. This perspective article summarizes the last decades' advances in cardiac hypertrophy research and discusses the herein-involved complex myocardial microenvironment and signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Julia Nau
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Stem Cell Biology, and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Ehsan Amin
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Jeffry J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, 97078 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (J.N.)
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2
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Luo F, Xie Y, Chen H, Huang J, Li C, Chen L, Yang J, Su N. Fgfr1 deficiency in osteocytes leads to increased bone mass by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bone 2023:116817. [PMID: 37268269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is the most common skeletal disease in middle-aged and elderly people. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is important. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is an important molecule for skeletal development and bone remodeling. Osteocytes are the most numerous cells in bone and play critical roles in bone homeostasis, however the effect of FGFR1 on osteocytes is still unclear. To clarify the direct effects of FGFR1 on osteocytes, we conditionally deleted Fgfr1 in osteocytes with Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1)-Cre. We found that mice lacking Fgfr1 in osteocytes (Fgfr1f/f;Dmp-cre, MUT) showed increased trabecular bone mass at 2 and 6 months of age, which resulted from enhanced bone formation and decreased bone resorption. Furthermore, the cortical bone was thicker in WT mice than that in MUT mice at 2 and 6 months of age. Histological analysis showed that MUT mice had a decreased number of osteocytes but an increased number of osteocyte dendrites. We further found that mice lacking Fgfr1 in osteocytes showed enhanced activation of β-catenin signaling. The expression of sclerostin, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was obviously decreased in MUT mice. Furthermore, we found that FGFR1 can inhibit the expression of β-catenin and decrease the activity of β-catenin signaling. In brief, our study showed that FGFR1 in osteocytes can regulate bone mass by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, providing genetic evidence that FGFR1 plays essential roles in osteocytes during bone remodeling and suggesting that FGFR1 is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Luo
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Emergency Department of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Can Li
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Nan Su
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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3
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GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation ameliorates skin toxicities induced by afatinib. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1534-1543. [PMID: 34552215 PMCID: PMC9160022 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists have been studied for transactivating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through extracellular or intracellular pathways. Accumulated evidence has confirmed that GPCR transactivation participates in various diseases. However, the clinical application of GPCR transactivation has not been explored, and more translational studies are needed to develop therapies to target GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation. In cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi), especially afatinib, a unique acneiform rash is frequently developed. In this study, we first established the connection between GPCR transactivation and EGFRi-induced skin disease. We examined the ability of three different GPCR agonists to reverse signaling inhibition and ameliorate rash induced by EGFRi. The activation of different agonists follows unique time and kinase patterns. Rats treated with EGFRi show a similar skin phenotype, with rash occurring in the clinic; correspondingly, treatment with GPCR agonists reduced keratinocyte apoptosis, growth retardation and infiltration of inflammatory cytokines by transactivation. This phenomenon demonstrates that EGFR inhibition in keratinocytes regulates key factors associated with rash. Our findings indicate that maintaining EGFR signaling by GPCR agonists might provide a possible therapy for EGFR inhibitor-induced skin toxicities. Our study provides the first example of the translational application of GPCR transactivation in treating diseases.
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Klimaschewski L, Claus P. Fibroblast Growth Factor Signalling in the Diseased Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3884-3902. [PMID: 33860438 PMCID: PMC8280051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act as key signalling molecules in brain development, maintenance, and repair. They influence the intricate relationship between myelinating cells and axons as well as the association of astrocytic and microglial processes with neuronal perikarya and synapses. Advances in molecular genetics and imaging techniques have allowed novel insights into FGF signalling in recent years. Conditional mouse mutants have revealed the functional significance of neuronal and glial FGF receptors, not only in tissue protection, axon regeneration, and glial proliferation but also in instant behavioural changes. This review provides a summary of recent findings regarding the role of FGFs and their receptors in the nervous system and in the pathogenesis of major neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klimaschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Xie Y, Su N, Yang J, Tan Q, Huang S, Jin M, Ni Z, Zhang B, Zhang D, Luo F, Chen H, Sun X, Feng JQ, Qi H, Chen L. FGF/FGFR signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:181. [PMID: 32879300 PMCID: PMC7468161 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidences suggest that the fibroblast growth factor/FGF receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling has crucial roles in a multitude of processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis by regulating cellular lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of various types of cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of FGF signaling and its roles in organ development, injury repair, and the pathophysiology of spectrum of diseases, which is a consequence of FGF signaling dysregulation, including cancers and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this context, the agonists and antagonists for FGF-FGFRs might have therapeutic benefits in multiple systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Tan
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dali Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtao Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianding Sun
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Huabing Qi
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Chen MK, Hsu JL, Hung MC. Nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase transport and functions in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:59-107. [PMID: 32593407 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling functions of plasma membrane-localized receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been extensively studied after they were first described in the mid-1980s. Plasma membrane RTKs are activated by extracellular ligands and cellular stress stimuli, and regulate cellular responses by activating the downstream effector proteins to initiate a wide range of signaling cascades in the cells. However, increasing evidence indicates that RTKs can also be transported into the intracellular compartments where they phosphorylate traditional effector proteins and non-canonical substrate proteins. In general, internalization that retains the RTK's transmembrane domain begins with endocytosis, and endosomal RTK remains active before being recycled or degraded. Further RTK retrograde transport from endosome-Golgi-ER to the nucleus is primarily dependent on membranes vesicles and relies on the interaction with the COP-I vesicle complex, Sec61 translocon complex, and importin. Internalized RTKs have non-canonical substrates that include transcriptional co-factors and DNA damage response proteins, and many nuclear RTKs harbor oncogenic properties and can enhance cancer progression. Indeed, nuclear-localized RTKs have been shown to positively correlate with cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the functions of nuclear RTKs and the mechanisms of nuclear RTK transport will further improve our knowledge to evaluate the potential of targeting nuclear RTKs or the proteins involved in their transport as new cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Figueroa V, Rodríguez MS, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Nuclear action of FGF members in endocrine-related tissues and cancer: Interplay with steroid receptor pathways. Steroids 2019; 152:108492. [PMID: 31513818 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the fibroblast growth factors/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) pathway has been implicated in a wide range of human disorders and several members have been localized in the nuclear compartment. Hormone-activated steroid receptors or ligand independent activated receptors form nuclear complexes that activate gene transcription. This review aims to highlight the interplay between the steroid receptor and the FGF/FGFR pathways and focuses on the current knowledge on nuclear action of FGF members in endocrine-related tissues and cancer. The nuclear trafficking and targets of FGF/FGFR members and the available evidence on the interplay with steroid hormones and receptors is described. Finally, the data on aberrant FGF/FGFR signaling is summarized and the nuclear action of FGF members on endocrine resistant breast cancer is highlighted. Identifying the mechanisms underlying FGF-induced endocrine resistance will be important to understand how to efficiently target endocrine-related diseases and even enhance or restore endocrine sensitivity in hormone receptor positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - María Sol Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Caroline Ana Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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8
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Membrane-Associated, Not Cytoplasmic or Nuclear, FGFR1 Induces Neuronal Differentiation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030243. [PMID: 30875802 PMCID: PMC6468866 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular transport of receptor tyrosine kinases results in the differential activation of various signaling pathways. In this study, optogenetic stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor type 1 (FGFR1) was performed to study the effects of subcellular targeting of receptor kinases on signaling and neurite outgrowth. The catalytic domain of FGFR1 fused to the algal light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain was directed to different cellular compartments (plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus) in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Blue light stimulation elevated the pERK and pPLCγ1 levels in membrane-opto-FGFR1-transfected cells similarly to ligand-induced receptor activation; however, no changes in pAKT levels were observed. PC12 cells transfected with membrane-opto-FGFR1 exhibited significantly longer neurites after light stimulation than after growth factor treatment, and significantly more neurites extended from their cell bodies. The activation of cytoplasmic FGFR1 kinase enhanced ERK signaling in HEK293 cells but not in PC12 cells and did not induce neuronal differentiation. The stimulation of FGFR1 kinase in the nucleus also did not result in signaling changes or neurite outgrowth. We conclude that FGFR1 kinase needs to be associated with membranes to induce the differentiation of PC12 cells mainly via ERK activation.
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Saavedra JM, Armando I. Angiotensin II AT2 Receptors Contribute to Regulate the Sympathoadrenal and Hormonal Reaction to Stress Stimuli. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:85-108. [PMID: 28884431 PMCID: PMC6668356 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II, through AT1 receptor stimulation, mediates multiple cardiovascular, metabolic, and behavioral functions including the response to stressors. Conversely, the function of Angiotensin II AT2 receptors has not been totally clarified. In adult rodents, AT2 receptor distribution is very limited but it is particularly high in the adrenal medulla. Recent results strongly indicate that AT2 receptors contribute to the regulation of the response to stress stimuli. This occurs in association with AT1 receptors, both receptor types reciprocally influencing their expression and therefore their function. AT2 receptors appear to influence the response to many types of stressors and in all components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The molecular mechanisms involved in AT2 receptor activation, the complex interactions with AT1 receptors, and additional factors participating in the control of AT2 receptor regulation and activity in response to stressors are only partially understood. Further research is necessary to close this knowledge gap and to clarify whether AT2 receptor activation may carry the potential of a major translational advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Saavedra
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Bldg. D, Room 287, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - I Armando
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ross Hall Suite 738 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Narla ST, Lee YW, Benson C, Sarder P, Brennand K, Stachowiak E, Stachowiak M. Common developmental genome deprogramming in schizophrenia - Role of Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling (INFS). Schizophr Res 2017; 185:17-32. [PMID: 28094170 PMCID: PMC5507209 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The watershed-hypothesis of schizophrenia asserts that over 200 different mutations dysregulate distinct pathways that converge on an unspecified common mechanism(s) that controls disease ontogeny. Consistent with this hypothesis, our RNA-sequencing of neuron committed cells (NCCs) differentiated from established iPSCs of 4 schizophrenia patients and 4 control subjects uncovered a dysregulated transcriptome of 1349 mRNAs common to all patients. Data reveals a global dysregulation of developmental genome, deconstruction of coordinated mRNA networks, and the formation of aberrant, new coordinated mRNA networks indicating a concerted action of the responsible factor(s). Sequencing of miRNA transcriptomes demonstrated an overexpression of 16 miRNAs and deconstruction of interactive miRNA-mRNA networks in schizophrenia NCCs. ChiPseq revealed that the nuclear (n) form of FGFR1, a pan-ontogenic regulator, is overexpressed in schizophrenia NCCs and overtargets dysregulated mRNA and miRNA genes. The nFGFR1 targeted 54% of all human gene promoters and 84.4% of schizophrenia dysregulated genes. The upregulated genes reside within major developmental pathways that control neurogenesis and neuron formation, whereas downregulated genes are involved in oligodendrogenesis. Our results indicate (i) an early (preneuronal) genomic etiology of schizophrenia, (ii) dysregulated genes and new coordinated gene networks are common to unrelated cases of schizophrenia, (iii) gene dysregulations are accompanied by increased nFGFR1-genome interactions, and (iv) modeling of increased nFGFR1 by an overexpression of a nFGFR1 lead to up or downregulation of selected genes as observed in schizophrenia NCCs. Together our results designate nFGFR1 signaling as a potential common dysregulated mechanism in investigated patients and potential therapeutic target in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Narla
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Y-W. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - C.A. Benson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P. Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K. Brennand
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - E.K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M.K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Michal K. Stachowiak Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, SUNY, 3435 Main Street, 206A Farber Hall, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214, tel. (716) 829 3540
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11
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Turner CA, Eren-Koçak E, Inui EG, Watson SJ, Akil H. Dysregulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 53:136-43. [PMID: 26454097 PMCID: PMC4833700 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in brain-related disorders has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system in neurological and psychiatric disorders, it is important to identify the specific members of the FGF family that are implicated, their location and the various mechanisms they can be modulated. Each disorder appears to impact specific molecular players in unique anatomical locations, and all of these could conceivably become targets for treatment. In the last several years, the issue of how to target this system directly has become an area of increasing interest. To date, the most promising therapeutics are small molecule inhibitors and antibodies that modulate FGF receptor (FGFR) function. Beyond attempting to modify the primary players affected by a given brain disorder, it may prove useful to target molecules, such as membrane-bound or extracellular proteins that interact with FGF ligands or FGFRs to modulate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney A Turner
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Emine Eren-Koçak
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Stachowiak MK, Stachowiak EK. Evidence-Based Theory for Integrated Genome Regulation of Ontogeny--An Unprecedented Role of Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1199-218. [PMID: 26729628 PMCID: PMC5067692 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic experiments have positioned the fgfr1 gene at the top of the gene hierarchy that governs gastrulation, as well as the subsequent development of the major body axes, nervous system, muscles, and bones, by affecting downstream genes that control the cell cycle, pluripotency, and differentiation, as well as microRNAs. Studies show that this regulation is executed by a single protein, the nuclear isoform of FGFR1 (nFGFR1), which integrates signals from development‐initiating factors, such as retinoic acid (RA), and operates at the interface of genomic and epigenomic information. nFGFR1 cooperates with a multitude of transcriptional factors (TFs), and targets thousands of genes encoding for mRNAs, as well as miRNAs in top ontogenic networks. nFGFR1 binds to the promoters of ancient proto‐oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, in addition to binding to metazoan morphogens that delineate body axes, and construct the nervous system, as well as mesodermal and endodermal tissues. The discovery of pan‐ontogenic gene programming by integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) impacts our understanding of ontogeny, as well as developmental pathologies, and holds new promise for reconstructive medicine, and cancer therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1199–1218, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ewa K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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Förthmann B, Aletta JM, Lee YW, Terranova C, Birkaya B, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK, Claus P. Coalition of Nuclear Receptors in the Nervous System. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2875-80. [PMID: 25966815 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A universal signaling module has been described which utilizes the nuclear form of Fibroblast growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) in a central role directing the post-mitotic development of neural cells through coordinated gene expression. In this review, we discuss in detail the current knowledge of FGFR1 nuclear interaction partners in three scenarios: (i) Engagement of FGFR1 in neuronal stem cells and regulation of neuronal differentiation; (ii) interaction with the orphan receptor Nurr1 in development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons; (iii) modulation of nuclear FGFR1 interactions downstream of nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling. These coalitions demonstrate the versatility of non-canonical, nuclear tyrosine kinase signaling in diverse cellular differentiation programs of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John M Aletta
- CH3 BioSystems LLC, New York State Center for Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chris Terranova
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Birkaya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ewa K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Peter Claus
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Neuroanatomy, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Li S, Payne S, Wang F, Claus P, Su Z, Groth J, Geradts J, de Ridder G, Alvarez R, Marcom PK, Pizzo SV, Bachelder RE. Nuclear basic fibroblast growth factor regulates triple-negative breast cancer chemo-resistance. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:91. [PMID: 26141457 PMCID: PMC4491247 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy remains the only available treatment for triple-negative (TN) breast cancer, and most patients exhibit an incomplete pathologic response. Half of patients exhibiting an incomplete pathologic response die within five years of treatment due to chemo-resistant, recurrent tumor growth. Defining molecules responsible for TN breast cancer chemo-resistance is crucial for developing effective combination therapies blocking tumor recurrence. Historically, chemo-resistance studies have relied on long-term chemotherapy selection models that drive genetic mutations conferring cell survival. Other models suggest that tumors are heterogeneous, being composed of both chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant tumor cell populations. We previously described a short-term chemotherapy treatment model that enriches for chemo-residual TN tumor cells. In the current work, we use this enrichment strategy to identify a novel determinant of TN breast cancer chemotherapy resistance [a nuclear isoform of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)]. METHODS Studies are conducted using our in vitro model of chemotherapy resistance. Short-term chemotherapy treatment enriches for a chemo-residual TN subpopulation that over time resumes proliferation. By western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction, we show that this chemotherapy-enriched tumor cell subpopulation expresses nuclear bFGF. The importance of bFGF for survival of these chemo-residual cells is interrogated using short hairpin knockdown strategies. DNA repair capability is assessed by comet assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to determine nuclear bFGF expression in TN breast cancer cases pre- and post- neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS TN tumor cells surviving short-term chemotherapy treatment express increased nuclear bFGF. bFGF knockdown reduces the number of chemo-residual TN tumor cells. Adding back a nuclear bFGF construct to bFGF knockdown cells restores their chemo-resistance. Nuclear bFGF-mediated chemo-resistance is associated with increased DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) expression and accelerated DNA repair. In fifty-six percent of matched TN breast cancer cases, percent nuclear bFGF-positive tumor cells either increases or remains the same post- neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (compared to pre-treatment). These data indicate that in a subset of TN breast cancers, chemotherapy enriches for nuclear bFGF-expressing tumor cells. CONCLUSION These studies identify nuclear bFGF as a protein in a subset of TN breast cancers that likely contributes to drug resistance following standard chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenduo Li
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Sturgis Payne
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Zuowei Su
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Groth
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Gustaaf de Ridder
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Rebeca Alvarez
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | | | - Salvatore V Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
| | - Robin E Bachelder
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 3712, Durham, N.C., 27710, USA.
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Terranova C, Narla ST, Lee YW, Bard J, Parikh A, Stachowiak EK, Tzanakakis ES, Buck MJ, Birkaya B, Stachowiak MK. Global Developmental Gene Programing Involves a Nuclear Form of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123380. [PMID: 25923916 PMCID: PMC4414453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have placed the Fgfr1 gene at the top of major ontogenic pathways that enable gastrulation, tissue development and organogenesis. Using genome-wide sequencing and loss and gain of function experiments the present investigation reveals a mechanism that underlies global and direct gene regulation by the nuclear form of FGFR1, ensuring that pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells differentiate into Neuronal Cells in response to Retinoic Acid. Nuclear FGFR1, both alone and with its partner nuclear receptors RXR and Nur77, targets thousands of active genes and controls the expression of pluripotency, homeobox, neuronal and mesodermal genes. Nuclear FGFR1 targets genes in developmental pathways represented by Wnt/β-catenin, CREB, BMP, the cell cycle and cancer-related TP53 pathway, neuroectodermal and mesodermal programing networks, axonal growth and synaptic plasticity pathways. Nuclear FGFR1 targets the consensus sequences of transcription factors known to engage CREB-binding protein, a common coregulator of transcription and established binding partner of nuclear FGFR1. This investigation reveals the role of nuclear FGFR1 as a global genomic programmer of cell, neural and muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Terranova
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sridhar T. Narla
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bard
- Next-Generation Sequencing and Expression Analysis Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Abhirath Parikh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ewa K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara Birkaya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michal K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cell Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Han X, Xiao Z, Quarles LD. Membrane and integrative nuclear fibroblastic growth factor receptor (FGFR) regulation of FGF-23. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10447-59. [PMID: 25752607 PMCID: PMC4400353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.609230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling pathways are implicated in the regulation of FGF-23 gene transcription, but the molecular pathways remain poorly defined. We used low molecular weight (LMW, 18 kDa) FGF-2 and high molecular weight (HMW) FGF-2 isoforms, which, respectively, activate cell surface FGF receptors and intranuclear FGFR1, to determine the roles of membrane FGFRs and integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) in the regulation of FGF-23 gene transcription in osteoblasts. We found that LMW-FGF-2 induced NFAT and Ets1 binding to conserved cis-elements in the proximal FGF-23 promoter and stimulated FGF-23 promoter activity through PLCγ/calcineurin/NFAT and MAPK pathways in SaOS-2 and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In contrast, HMW-FGF-2 stimulated FGF-23 promoter activity in osteoblasts through a cAMP-dependent binding of FGFR1 and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) to a conserved cAMP response element (CRE) contiguous with the NFAT binding site in the FGF-23 promoter. Mutagenesis of the NFAT and CRE binding sites, respectively, inhibited the effects of LMW-FGF-2 and HMW-FGF-23 to stimulate FGF-23 promoter activity. FGF-2 activation of both membrane FGFRs and INFS-dependent FGFR1 pathways may provide a means to integrate systemic and local regulation of FGF-23 transcription under diverse physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Han
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Zhousheng Xiao
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - L Darryl Quarles
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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17
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Stachowiak MK, Birkaya B, Aletta JM, Narla ST, Benson CA, Decker B, Stachowiak EK. "Nuclear FGF receptor-1 and CREB binding protein: an integrative signaling module". J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:989-1002. [PMID: 25503065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review we summarize the current understanding of a novel integrative function of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 (FGFR1) and its partner CREB Binding Protein (CBP) acting as a nuclear regulatory complex. Nuclear FGFR1 and CBP interact with and regulate numerous genes on various chromosomes. FGFR1 dynamic oscillatory interactions with chromatin and with specific genes, underwrites gene regulation mediated by diverse developmental signals. Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling (INFS) effects the differentiation of stem cells and neural progenitor cells via the gene-controlling Feed-Forward-And-Gate mechanism. Nuclear accumulation of FGFR1 occurs in numerous cell types and disruption of INFS may play an important role in developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, and in metastatic diseases such as cancer. Enhancement of INFS may be used to coordinate the gene regulation needed to activate cell differentiation for regenerative purposes or to provide interruption of cancer stem cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Western New York Stem Cells Culture and Analysis Center, State University of New York, Buffalo
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18
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Hajifathali A, Saba F, Atashi A, Soleimani M, Mortaz E, Rasekhi M. The role of catecholamines in mesenchymal stem cell fate. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:651-65. [PMID: 25173883 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells found in many adult tissues, especially bone marrow (BM) and are capable of differentiation into various lineage cells such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes. Moreover, MSCs can be mobilized from connective tissue into circulation and from there to damaged sites to contribute to regeneration processes. MSCs commitment and differentiation are controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction through cytokines and catecholamines. There has been an increasing interest in recent years in the neural system, functioning in the support of stem cells like MSCs. Recent efforts have indicated that the catecholamine released from neural and not neural cells could be affected characteristics of MSCs. However, there have not been review studies of most aspects involved in catecholamines-mediated functions of MSCs. Thus, in this review paper, we will try to describe the current state of catecholamines in MSCs destination and discuss strategies being used for catecholamines for migration of these cells to damaged tissues. Then, the role of the nervous system in the induction of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis and myogenesis from MSCs is discussed. Recent progress in studies of signaling transduction of catecholamines in determination of the final fate of MSCs is highlighted. Hence, the knowledge of interaction between MSCs with the neural system could be applied towards the development of new diagnostic and treatment alternatives for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Hajifathali
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Su N, Jin M, Chen L. Role of FGF/FGFR signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis: learning from mouse models. Bone Res 2014; 2:14003. [PMID: 26273516 PMCID: PMC4472122 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays essential roles in bone development and diseases. Missense mutations in FGFs and FGFRs in humans can cause various congenital bone diseases, including chondrodysplasia syndromes, craniosynostosis syndromes and syndromes with dysregulated phosphate metabolism. FGF/FGFR signaling is also an important pathway involved in the maintenance of adult bone homeostasis. Multiple kinds of mouse models, mimicking human skeleton diseases caused by missense mutations in FGFs and FGFRs, have been established by knock-in/out and transgenic technologies. These genetically modified mice provide good models for studying the role of FGF/FGFR signaling in skeleton development and homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the mouse models of FGF signaling-related skeleton diseases and recent progresses regarding the molecular mechanisms, underlying the role of FGFs/FGFRs in the regulation of bone development and homeostasis. This review also provides a perspective view on future works to explore the roles of FGF signaling in skeletal development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Su
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Min Jin
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, 400042, China
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20
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Abstract
FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) signalling plays critical roles in embryogensis, adult physiology, tissue repair and many pathologies. Of particular interest over recent years, it has been implicated in a wide range of cancers, and concerted efforts are underway to target different aspects of FGFR signalling networks. A major focus has been identifying the canonical downstream signalling pathways in cancer cells, and these are now relatively well understood. In the present review, we focus on two distinct but emerging hot topics in FGF biology: its role in stromal cross-talk during cancer progression and the potential roles of FGFR signalling in the nucleus. These neglected areas are proving to be of great interest clinically and are intimately linked, at least in pancreatic cancer. The importance of the stroma in cancer is well accepted, both as a conduit/barrier for treatment and as a target in its own right. Nuclear receptors are less acknowledged as targets, largely due to historical scepticism as to their existence or importance. However, increasing evidence from across the receptor tyrosine kinase field is now strong enough to make the study of nuclear growth factor receptors a major area of interest.
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21
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Coleman SJ, Chioni AM, Ghallab M, Anderson RK, Lemoine NR, Kocher HM, Grose RP. Nuclear translocation of FGFR1 and FGF2 in pancreatic stellate cells facilitates pancreatic cancer cell invasion. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:467-81. [PMID: 24503018 PMCID: PMC3992074 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterised by desmoplasia, driven by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Over-expression of FGFs and their receptors is a feature of pancreatic cancer and correlates with poor prognosis, but whether their expression impacts on PSCs is unclear. At the invasive front of human pancreatic cancer, FGF2 and FGFR1 localise to the nucleus in activated PSCs but not cancer cells. In vitro, inhibiting FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs, using RNAi or chemical inhibition, resulted in significantly reduced cell proliferation, which was not seen in cancer cells. In physiomimetic organotypic co-cultures, FGFR inhibition prevented PSC as well as cancer cell invasion. FGFR inhibition resulted in cytoplasmic localisation of FGFR1 and FGF2, in contrast to vehicle-treated conditions where PSCs with nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 led cancer cells to invade the underlying extra-cellular matrix. Strikingly, abrogation of nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs abolished cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach, where preventing nuclear FGF/FGFR mediated proliferation and invasion in PSCs leads to disruption of the tumour microenvironment, preventing pancreatic cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Coleman
- Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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22
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Förthmann B, van Bergeijk J, Lee YW, Lübben V, Schill Y, Brinkmann H, Ratzka A, Stachowiak MK, Hebert M, Grothe C, Claus P. Regulation of neuronal differentiation by proteins associated with nuclear bodies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82871. [PMID: 24358231 PMCID: PMC3866168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are large sub-nuclear structures composed of RNA and protein molecules. The Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) protein localizes to Cajal bodies (CBs) and nuclear gems. Diminished cellular concentration of SMN is associated with the neurodegenerative disease Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). How nuclear body architecture and its structural components influence neuronal differentiation remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the effects of SMN and two of its interaction partners in cellular models of neuronal differentiation. The nuclear 23 kDa isoform of Fibroblast Growth Factor - 2 (FGF-2(23)) is one of these interacting proteins - and was previously observed to influence nuclear bodies by destabilizing nuclear gems and mobilizing SMN from Cajal bodies (CBs). Here we demonstrate that FGF-2(23) blocks SMN-promoted neurite outgrowth, and also show that SMN disrupts FGF-2(23)-dependent transcription. Our results indicate that FGF-2(23) and SMN form an inactive complex that interferes with neuronal differentiation by mutually antagonizing nuclear functions. Coilin is another nuclear SMN binding partner and a marker protein for Cajal bodies (CBs). In addition, coilin is essential for CB function in maturation of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). The role of coilin outside of Cajal bodies and its putative impacts in tissue differentiation are poorly defined. The present study shows that protein levels of nucleoplasmic coilin outside of CBs decrease during neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of coilin has an inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, we find that nucleoplasmic coilin inhibits neurite outgrowth independent of SMN binding revealing a new function for coilin in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Förthmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Verena Lübben
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schill
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Ratzka
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michal K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Narla ST, Klejbor I, Birkaya B, Lee YW, Morys J, Stachowiak EK, Prokop D, Bencherif M, Stachowiak MK. Activation of developmental nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling and neurogenesis in adult brain by α7 nicotinic receptor agonist. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:776-88. [PMID: 24014683 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of endogenous neurogenesis in the adult brain or spinal cord holds the key for treatment of central nervous system injuries and neurodegenerative disorders, which are major health care issues for the world's aging population. We have previously shown that activation of developmental integrative nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling (INFS), via gene transfection, reactivates neurogenesis in the adult brain by promoting neuronal differentiation of brain neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs). In the present study, we report that targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) with a specific TC-7020 agonist led to a robust accumulation of endogenous FGFR1 in the cell nucleus. Nuclear FGFR1 accumulation was accompanied by an inhibition of proliferation of NS/PCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and by the generation of new neurons. Neuronal differentiation was observed in different regions of the adult mouse brain, including (a) βIII-Tubulin-expressing cortical neurons, (b) calretinin-expressing hippocampal neurons, and (c) cells in substantia nigra expressing the predopaminergic Nurr1+ phenotype. Furthermore, we showed that in vitro stimulation of neural stem/progenitor cells with α7nAChR agonist directly activated INFS and neuronal-like differentiation. TC-7020 stimulation of the βIII-Tubulin gene was accompanied by increased binding of FGFR1, CREB binding protein, and RNA polymerase II to a Nur77 targeted promoter region. TC-7020 augmented Nur77-dependent activation of nerve growth factor inducible-B protein responsive element, indicating that α7nAChR upregulation of βIII-Tubulin involves neurogenic FGFR1-Nur signaling. The reactivation of INFS and neurogenesis in adult brain by the α7nAChR agonist may offer a new strategy to treat brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar T Narla
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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24
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NGF-induced cell differentiation and gene activation is mediated by integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS). PLoS One 2013; 8:e68931. [PMID: 23874817 PMCID: PMC3707895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is the founding member of the polypeptide neurotrophin family responsible for neuronal differentiation. To determine whether the effects of NGF rely upon novel Integrative Nuclear FGF Receptor-1 (FGFR1) Signaling (INFS) we utilized the PC12 clonal cell line, a long-standing benchmark model of sympathetic neuronal differentiation. We demonstrate that NGF increases expression of the fgfr1 gene and promotes trafficking of FGFR1 protein from cytoplasm to nucleus by inhibiting FGFR1 nuclear export. Nuclear-targeted dominant negative FGFR1 antagonizes NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, doublecortin (dcx) expression and activation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (th) gene promoter, while active constitutive nuclear FGFR1 mimics the effects of NGF. NGF increases the expression of dcx, th, βIII tubulin, nurr1 and nur77, fgfr1and fibroblast growth factor-2 (fgf-2) genes, while enhancing binding of FGFR1and Nur77/Nurr1 to those genes. NGF activates transcription from isolated NurRE and NBRE motifs. Nuclear FGFR1 transduces NGF activation of the Nur dimer and raises basal activity of the Nur monomer. Cooperation of nuclear FGFR1 with Nur77/Nurr1 in NGF signaling expands the integrative functions of INFS to include NGF, the first discovered pluripotent neurotrophic factor.
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Förthmann B, Brinkmann H, Ratzka A, Stachowiak MK, Grothe C, Claus P. Immobile survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein stored in Cajal bodies can be mobilized by protein interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2555-68. [PMID: 23334184 PMCID: PMC11113639 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reduced levels of survival of motoneuron (SMN) protein lead to spinal muscular atrophy, but it is still unknown how SMN protects motoneurons in the spinal cord against degeneration. In the nucleus, SMN is associated with two types of nuclear bodies denoted as gems and Cajal bodies (CBs). The 23 kDa isoform of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2(23)) is a nuclear protein that binds to SMN and destabilizes the SMN-Gemin2 complex. In the present study, we show that FGF-2(23) depletes SMN from CBs without affecting their general structure. FRAP analysis of SMN-EGFP in CBs demonstrated that the majority of SMN in CBs remained mobile and allowed quantification of fast, slow and immobile nuclear SMN populations. The potential for SMN release was confirmed by in vivo photoconversion of SMN-Dendra2, indicating that CBs concentrate immobile SMN that could have a specialized function in CBs. FGF-2(23) accelerated SMN release from CBs, accompanied by a conversion of immobile SMN into a mobile population. Furthermore, FGF-2(23) caused snRNP accumulation in CBs. We propose a model in which Cajal bodies store immobile SMN that can be mobilized by its nuclear interaction partner FGF-2(23), leading to U4 snRNP accumulation in CBs, indicating a role for immobile SMN in tri-snRNP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Förthmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella Brinkmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Ratzka
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michal K. Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Claudia Grothe
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, OE 4140, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Song S, Rosen KM, Corfas G. Biological function of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase action. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/7/a009001. [PMID: 23818495 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a009001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were believed until recently to act at the cell membrane in a singular fashion (i.e., binding of ligands on the extracellular domain would activate the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the intracellular domain), which would then start a cascade involving other intracellular signaling molecules that would act as effectors. However, new evidence indicates that some RTKs can signal through a different modality; they can move into the nucleus where they directly exert their actions. Although some studies have showed that the proteolytically released intracellular domain of several RTKs can move to the nucleus where they influence gene expression and cell function, others suggest that RTKs can also move to the nucleus as holoproteins. The identification of this novel signaling mechanism calls for a critical reevaluation of the mechanisms of action of RTKs and their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Song
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Xiao L, Esliger A, Hurley MM. Nuclear fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) isoforms inhibit bone marrow stromal cell mineralization through FGF23/FGFR/MAPK in vitro. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:35-45. [PMID: 22836867 PMCID: PMC3519956 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is responsible for phosphate wasting and the phenotypic changes observed in human diseases such as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Targeted overexpression of nuclear high-molecular weight fibroblast growth factor 2 isoforms (HMW isoforms) in osteoblasts resulted in a transgenic mouse with phenotypic changes similar to XLH, including increased FGF23, hypophosphatemia, and rickets/osteomalacia. The goal of this study was to assess whether HMW isoforms also reduced mineralized bone formation via phosphate-independent effects in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by modulating FGF23/FGF receptor (FGFR)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. To determine if decreased bone formation in BMSC cultures from HMW transgenic mice could be rescued by blocking this pathway, an FGF23 neutralizing antibody, the FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5402 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 were used. FGF23 levels in the conditioned medium of HMW BMSC cultures were dramatically increased compared to BMSC from control (Vector) mice. Mineralized nodule formation was significantly decreased in HMW BMSC cultures compared with control cultures. The decreased nodule formation in HMW cultures was partially rescued by the FGF23 neutralizing antibody, SU5402 and PD98059. mRNA levels for the osteoblast-related genes, osteocalcin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osterix, and the osteocyte-related gene dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp1) were significantly decreased in HMW cultures compared with control cultures, and the decreases were partially rescued by SU5402 or PD98059 treatment. Matrix-gla-protein (Mgp) mRNA was significantly higher in HMW cultures compared with control cultures, reduced by SU5402, but further increased by PD98059. Our results suggest that phosphate-independent effects of HMW isoforms in vitro may be directly mediated in part via FGF23 and that HMW isoforms signal via FGF23/FGFR/MAPK to inhibit bone formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Wu YC, Zhu M, Robertson DM. Novel nuclear localization and potential function of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor hybrid in corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42483. [PMID: 22879999 PMCID: PMC3411736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (INSR) are highly homologous molecules, which can heterodimerize to form an IGF-1R/INSR hybrid (Hybrid-R). The presence and biological significance of the Hybrid-R in human corneal epithelium has not yet been established. In addition, while nuclear localization of IGF-1R was recently reported in cancer cells and human corneal epithelial cells, the function and profile of nuclear IGF-1R is unknown. In this study, we characterized the nuclear localization and function of the Hybrid-R and the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R and Hybrid-R signaling in the human corneal epithelium. Methodology/Principle Findings IGF-1-mediated signaling and cell growth were examined in a human telomerized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cell line using co-immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and cell proliferation assays. The presence of Hybrid-R in hTCEpi and primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence and reciprocal immunoprecipitation of whole cell lysates. We found that IGF-1 stimulated Akt and promoted cell growth through IGF-1R activation, which was independent of the Hybrid-R. The presence of Hybrid-R, but not IGF-1R/IGF-1R, was detected in nuclear extracts. Knockdown of INSR by small interfering RNA resulted in depletion of the INSR/INSR and preferential formation of Hybrid-R. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing assay with anti-IGF-1R or anti-INSR was subsequently performed to identify potential genomic targets responsible for critical homeostatic regulatory pathways. Conclusion/Significance In contrast to previous reports on nuclear localized IGF-1R, this is the first report identifying the nuclear localization of Hybrid-R in an epithelial cell line. The identification of a nuclear Hybrid-R and novel genomic targets suggests that IGF-1R traffics to the nucleus as an IGF-1R/INSR heterotetrameric complex to regulate corneal epithelial homeostatic pathways. The development of novel therapeutic strategies designed to target the IGF-1/IGF-1R pathway must take into account the modulatory roles IGF-1R/INSR play in the epithelial cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Meifang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danielle M. Robertson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Lee YW, Terranova C, Birkaya B, Narla S, Kehoe D, Parikh A, Dong S, Ratzka A, Brinkmann H, Aletta JM, Tzanakakis ES, Stachowiak EK, Claus P, Stachowiak MK. A novel nuclear FGF Receptor-1 partnership with retinoid and Nur receptors during developmental gene programming of embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2920-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chioni AM, Grose R. FGFR1 cleavage and nuclear translocation regulates breast cancer cell behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:801-17. [PMID: 22665522 PMCID: PMC3373409 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
FGFR1 cleavage by Granzyme B induces its nuclear translocation, in which it stimulates cell migration through effects on gene expression. FGF-10 and its receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2, have been implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and progression, suggesting that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling may be co-opted by breast cancer cells. We identify a novel pathway downstream of FGFR1 activation, whereby the receptor is cleaved and traffics to the nucleus, where it can regulate specific target genes. We confirm Granzyme B (GrB) as the protease responsible for cleavage and show that blocking GrB activity stopped FGFR1 trafficking to the nucleus and abrogates the promigratory effect of FGF stimulation. We confirm the in vivo relevance of our findings, showing that FGFR1 localized to the nucleus specifically in invading cells in both clinical material and a three-dimensional model of breast cancer. We identify target genes for FGFR1, which exert significant effects on cell migration and may represent an invasive signature. Our experiments identify a novel mechanism by which FGF signaling can regulate cancer cell behavior and provide a novel therapeutic target for treatment of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina-Myrto Chioni
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
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Ratzka A, Baron O, Stachowiak MK, Grothe C. Fibroblast growth factor 2 regulates dopaminergic neuron development in vivo. J Neurochem 2012; 122:94-105. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Baron O, Förthmann B, Lee YW, Terranova C, Ratzka A, Stachowiak EK, Grothe C, Claus P, Stachowiak MK. Cooperation of nuclear fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and Nurr1 offers new interactive mechanism in postmitotic development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19827-40. [PMID: 22514272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments in mice deficient for Nurr1 or expressing the dominant-negative FGF receptor (FGFR) identified orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 and FGFR1 as essential factors in development of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. FGFR1 affects brain cell development by two distinct mechanisms. Activation of cell surface FGFR1 by secreted FGFs stimulates proliferation of neural progenitor cells, whereas direct integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) is associated with an exit from the cell cycle and neuronal differentiation. Both Nurr1 and INFS activate expression of neuronal genes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Here, we show that nuclear FGFR1 and Nurr1 are expressed in the nuclei of developing TH-positive cells in the embryonic ventral midbrain. Both nuclear receptors were effectively co-immunoprecipitated from the ventral midbrain of FGF-2-deficient embryonic mice, which previously showed an increase of mDA neurons and enhanced nuclear FGFR1 accumulation. Immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments showed the presence of Nurr1 and FGFR1 in common nuclear protein complexes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the Nurr1-mediated shift of nuclear FGFR1-EGFP mobility toward a transcriptionally active population and that both Nurr1 and FGFR1 bind to a common region in the TH gene promoter. Furthermore, nuclear FGFR1 or its 23-kDa FGF-2 ligand (FGF-2(23)) enhances Nurr1-dependent activation of the TH gene promoter. Transcriptional cooperation of FGFR1 with Nurr1 was confirmed on isolated Nurr1-binding elements. The proposed INFS/Nurr1 nuclear partnership provides a novel mechanism for TH gene regulation in mDA neurons and a potential therapeutic target in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Baron
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Wang YN, Lee HH, Lee HJ, Du Y, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Membrane-bound trafficking regulates nuclear transport of integral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB-2. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:16869-79. [PMID: 22451678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.314799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear localization of multiple receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as EGF receptor (EGFR), ErbB-2, FGF receptor (FGFR), and many others, has been reported by several groups. We previously showed that cell surface EGFR is trafficked to the nucleus through a retrograde pathway from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and that EGFR is then translocated to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) through the INTERNET (integral trafficking from the ER to the nuclear envelope transport) pathway. However, the nuclear trafficking mechanisms of other membrane RTKs, apart from EGFR, remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the nuclear transport of EGFR family proteins with that of FGFR-1. Interestingly, we found that digitonin permeabilization, which selectively releases soluble nuclear transporters from the cytoplasm and has been shown to inhibit nuclear transport of FGFR-1, had no effects on EGFR nuclear transport, raising the possibility that EGFR and FGFR-1 use different pathways to be translocated into the nucleus. Using the subnuclear fractionation assay, we further demonstrated that biotinylated cell surface ErbB-2, but not FGFR-1, is targeted to the INM, associating with Sec61β in the INM, similar to the nuclear trafficking of EGFR. Thus, ErbB-2, but not FGFR-1, shows a similar trafficking pathway to EGFR for translocation to the nucleus, indicating that at least two different pathways of nuclear transport exist for cell surface receptors. This finding provides a new direction for investigating the trafficking mechanisms of various nuclear RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Cassano M, Dellavalle A, Tedesco FS, Quattrocelli M, Crippa S, Ronzoni F, Salvade A, Berardi E, Torrente Y, Cossu G, Sampaolesi M. Alpha sarcoglycan is required for FGF-dependent myogenic progenitor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Development 2011; 138:4523-33. [PMID: 21903674 DOI: 10.1242/dev.070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in α-sarcoglycan (Sgca-null mice) develop progressive muscular dystrophy and serve as a model for human limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D. Sgca-null mice suffer a more severe myopathy than that of mdx mice, the model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This is the opposite of what is observed in humans and the reason for this is unknown. In an attempt to understand the cellular basis of this severe muscular dystrophy, we isolated clonal populations of myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs), the resident postnatal muscle progenitors of dystrophic and wild-type mice. MPCs from Sgca-null mice generated much smaller clones than MPCs from wild-type or mdx dystrophic mice. Impaired proliferation of Sgca-null myogenic precursors was confirmed by single fiber analysis and this difference correlated with Sgca expression during MPC proliferation. In the absence of dystrophin and associated proteins, which are only expressed after differentiation, SGCA complexes with and stabilizes FGFR1. Deficiency of Sgca leads to an absence of FGFR1 expression at the membrane and impaired MPC proliferation in response to bFGF. The low proliferation rate of Sgca-null MPCs was rescued by transduction with Sgca-expressing lentiviral vectors. When transplanted into dystrophic muscle, Sgca-null MPCs exhibited reduced engraftment. The reduced proliferative ability of Sgca-null MPCs explains, at least in part, the severity of this muscular dystrophy and also why wild-type donor progenitor cells engraft efficiently and consequently ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassano
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Stem Cell Interdepartmental Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 O&N1 bus 814, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Related Proteins (RANK, RANKL and TRAIL) in Thyroid Disease. World J Surg 2011; 35:1984-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-011-1185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xi J, Wang Y, Zhang P, He L, Nan X, Yue W, Pei X. Human fetal liver stromal cells that overexpress bFGF support growth and maintenance of human embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14457. [PMID: 21209880 PMCID: PMC3012692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In guiding hES cell technology toward the clinic, one key issue to be addressed is to culture and maintain hES cells much more safely and economically in large scale. In order to avoid using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) we isolated human fetal liver stromal cells (hFLSCs) from 14 weeks human fetal liver as new human feeder cells. hFLSCs feeders could maintain hES cells for 15 passages (about 100 days). Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to play an important role in promoting self-renewal of human embryonic stem (hES) cells. So, we established transgenic hFLSCs that stably express bFGF by lentiviral vectors. These transgenic human feeder cells — bFGF-hFLSCs maintained the properties of H9 hES cells without supplementing with any exogenous growth factors. H9 hES cells culturing under these conditions maintained all hES cell features after prolonged culture, including the developmental potential to differentiate into representative tissues of all three embryonic germ layers, unlimited and undifferentiated proliferative ability, and maintenance of normal karyotype. Our results demonstrated that bFGF-hFLSCs feeder cells were central to establishing the signaling network among bFGF, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), thereby providing the framework in which hES cells were instructed to self-renew or to differentiate. We also found that the conditioned medium of bFGF-hFLSCs could maintain the H9 hES cells under feeder-free conditions without supplementing with bFGF. Taken together, bFGF-hFLSCs had great potential as feeders for maintaining pluripotent hES cell lines more safely and economically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (XP)
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WY); (XP)
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Tseng HC, Lyu PC, Lin WC. Nuclear localization of orphan receptor protein kinase (Ror1) is mediated through the juxtamembrane domain. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:48. [PMID: 20587074 PMCID: PMC2907318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as EGFR, FGFR, TRK, and VEGFR are capable of localizing in the cell nucleus in addition to their usual plasma membrane localization. Recent reports also demonstrate that nuclear-localized RTKs have important cellular functions such as transcriptional activation. On the basis of preliminary bioinformatic analysis, additional RTKs, including receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (Ror1) were predicted to have the potential for nuclear subcellular localization. Ror1 is a receptor protein tyrosine kinase that modulates neurite growth in the central nervous system. Because the nuclear localization capability of the Ror1 cytoplasmic domain has not been reported, we examined the cellular expression distribution of this region. Results The Ror1 cytoplasmic region was amplified and cloned into reporter constructs with fluorescent tags. Following transfection, the nuclear distribution patterns of transiently expressed fusion proteins were observed. Serial deletion constructs were then used to map the juxtamembrane domain of Ror1 (aa_471-513) for this nuclear translocation activity. Further site-directed mutagenesis suggested that a KxxK-16 aa-KxxK sequence at residues 486-509 is responsible for the nuclear translocation interaction. Subsequent immunofluorescence analysis by cotransfection of Ran and Ror1 implied that the nuclear translocation event of Ror1 might be mediated through the Ran pathway. Conclusions We have predicted several RTKs that contain the nuclear localization signals. This is the first report to suggest that the juxtamembrane domain of the Ror1 cytoplasmic region mediates the translocation event. Ran GTPase is also implicated in this event. Our study might be beneficial in future research to understand the Ror1 biological signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Wang YN, Yamaguchi H, Hsu JM, Hung MC. Nuclear trafficking of the epidermal growth factor receptor family membrane proteins. Oncogene 2010; 29:3997-4006. [PMID: 20473332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB-2, have been reported to be localized in the nucleus, where emerging evidence suggests that they are involved in transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, DNA repair and chemo- and radio-resistance. Recent studies have shown that endocytosis and endosomal sorting are involved in the nuclear transport of cell surface RTKs. However, the detailed mechanism by which the full-length receptors embedded in the endosomal membrane travel all the way from the cell surface to the early endosomes and pass through the nuclear pore complexes is unknown. This important area has been overlooked for decades, which has hindered progress in our understanding of nuclear RTKs' functions. Here, we discuss the putative mechanisms by which EGFR family RTKs are shuttled into the nucleus. Understanding the trafficking mechanisms as to how RTKs are transported from the cell surface to the nucleus will significantly contribute to understanding the functions of the nuclear RTKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Park SB, Yu KR, Jung JW, Lee SR, Roh KH, Seo MS, Park JR, Kang SK, Lee YS, Kang KS. bFGF enhances the IGFs-mediated pluripotent and differentiation potentials in multipotent stem cells. Growth Factors 2009; 27:425-37. [PMID: 19919531 DOI: 10.3109/08977190903289875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has widely been reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes proliferation of human stem cells and contributes to the maintenance of their self-renewal capability through repeated replications. In contrast to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the effects of growth factors on adult stem cells are poorly understood. In human umbilical cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells (hUCB-MSCs), bFGF is associated with an increased number of proliferating cells. Furthermore, expression levels of ESC markers were increased after treatment with bFGF. bFGF also increased the expression of FGFR, which in turn increased expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGFs). Since IGFs exert autocrine and paracrine effects on stem cells, bFGF-mediated release of IGFs from hUCB-MSCs might enhance FGFR1 and IGF1R expression in neighboring cells. These receptors could subsequently regulate the effects of bFGF and IGFs in adult stem cells. These results suggest that positive feedback regulation of bFGF and IGFs leads to proliferation of hUCB-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bum Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tumor Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Li S, Christensen C, Køhler LB, Kiselyov VV, Berezin V, Bock E. Agonists of fibroblast growth factor receptor induce neurite outgrowth and survival of cerebellar granule neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2009; 69:837-54. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Gorbenko O, Ovcharenko G, Volkova D, Mayilo D, Gaman N, Khozhayenko Y, Usenko V, Gout I, Filonenko V. Monoclonal antibodies with selective specificity towards different glycosylation isoforms of FGFR1. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2009; 28:287-93. [PMID: 19663702 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2009.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a member of the FGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases, whose function has been implicated in diverse biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. This diversity is possibly mediated by the existence of multiple FGFR1 isoforms, generated by alternative splicing and post-translational modifications, mainly through glycosylation. In this study we report the generation and characterization of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed towards FGFR1. To achieve this, we used as an antigen a fragment of FGFR1, corresponding to loop II-III of the extracellular domain, which shares low homology to other members of the FGFR family and possesses numerous antigentic determinants. Two rounds of ELISA screening and Western blot analysis allowed us to isolate a panel of monoclonal antibodies, which recognize specifically recombinant FGFR1 loop II-III. The ability of generated antibodies to recognize endogenous FGFR1 was examined in 3T3 L1 cells, which are known to express FGFR1, but not other members of FGFR family. Immunoblot analysis of 3T3 L1 cell lysates with hybridoma media of selected clones revealed a different, but overlapping pattern of immunoreactive bands, which might represent splicing and post-translationally modified forms of FGFR1. Furthermore, we also tested the cross-reactivity of generated antibodies towards recombinant full-length FGFR3 and their ability to recognize FGFR1 in 3T3 L1 cells by cyto- and immunocytochemistry. In summary, generated antibodies should be useful as tools for examining the expression pattern and biological functions of FGFR1 in normal and pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Gorbenko
- Department of Cell Signalling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Stachowiak EK, Roy I, Lee YW, Capacchietti M, Aletta JM, Prasad PN, Stachowiak MK. Targeting novel integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling by nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer stimulates neurogenesis in the adult brain. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:394-403. [PMID: 20023746 DOI: 10.1039/b902617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the process of differentiation of neuronal stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) into mature neurons, holds the key to the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders, which are a major health issue for the world's aging population. We report that targeting the novel integrative nuclear FGF Receptor 1 signaling (INFS) pathway enhances the latent potential of NS/PCs to undergo neuronal differentiation, thus promoting neurogenesis in the adult brain. Employing organically modified silica (ORMOSIL)-DNA nanoplexes to efficiently transfect recombinant nuclear forms of FGFR1 and its FGF-2 ligand into the brain subventricular zone, we find that INFS stimulates the NS/PC to withdraw from the cell cycle, differentiate into doublecortin expressing migratory neuroblasts and neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb, subcortical brain regions and in the brain cortex. Thus, nanoparticle-mediated non-viral gene transfer may be used to induce selective differentiation of NS/PCs, providing a potentially significant impact on the treatment of a broad range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K Stachowiak
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Roy I, Stachowiak MK, Bergey EJ. Nonviral gene transfection nanoparticles: function and applications in the brain. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 4:89-97. [PMID: 18313990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vivo transfer and expression of foreign genes allows for the elucidation of functions of genes in living organisms and generation of disease models in animals that more closely resemble the etiology of human diseases. Gene therapy holds promise for the cure of a number of diseases at the fundamental level. Synthetic "nonviral" materials are fast gaining popularity as safe and efficient vectors for delivering genes to target organs. Not only can nanoparticles function as efficient gene carriers, they also can simultaneously carry diagnostic probes for direct "real-time" visualization of gene transfer and downstream processes. This review has focused on the central nervous system (CNS) as the target for nonviral gene transfer, with special emphasis on organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles developed in our laboratory. These nanoparticles have shown robust gene transfer efficiency in brain cells in vivo and allowed to investigate mechanisms that control neurogenesis as well as neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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Li S, Christensen C, Kiselyov VV, Køhler LB, Bock E, Berezin V. Fibroblast growth factor-derived peptides: functional agonists of the fibroblast growth factor receptor. J Neurochem 2008; 104:667-82. [PMID: 18199118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of peptides, termed dekafins, were derived from the beta10-beta11 loop regions of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 17. The dekafins share a homologous amino acid sequence similar to a sequence in the first fibronectin type III module of the neural cell adhesion molecule. All dekafins were shown by surface plasmon resonance analysis to bind fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1-IIIc-Ig2-3 and FGFR2-IIIb-Ig2-3, respectively, with K(d) values of approximately 10(-7) to 10(-8) mol/L. Binding of dekafin1 to FGFR1-IIIc-Ig2-3 was inhibited by a heparin analog, sucrose octasulfate, indicating that heparin sulfate moiety can modulate dekafin binding to FGFRs. Treatment of transcription and mRNA export (TREX) cells permanently expressing Strep-tag-labeled FGFR1-IIIc with dekafins resulted in receptor phosphorylation. FGF1-induced FGFR1-IIIc phosphorylation was inhibited by dekafin1 and 10 in high concentrations, indicating that dekafins are FGFR partial agonists. The dekafins induced neuronal differentiation as reflected by neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule neurons, an effect that was abolished by SU5402, a specific inhibitor of the FGFR tyrosine kinase, and by inositolhexaphosphate, an extracellularly acting FGFR antagonist. Some, but not all, dekafins were capable of promoting survival of cerebellar granule neurons induced to undergo apoptosis. Thus, the dekafins are functional FGFR agonists with apparent therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Li
- Protein Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark, and ENKAM Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Stachowiak MK, Maher PA, Stachowiak EK. Integrative Nuclear Signaling in Cell Development—A Role for FGF Receptor-1. DNA Cell Biol 2007; 26:811-26. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2007.0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal K. Stachowiak
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Ewa K. Stachowiak
- Molecular and Structural Neurobiology and Gene Therapy Program, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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46
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The effect of angiotensin II and IV on ERK1/2 and CREB signalling in cultured rat astroglial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2007; 376:157-63. [PMID: 17952409 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin peptides produced by the brain renin-angiotensin system have established roles in cognition, but there is no mechanistic basis of angiotensin effects on memory. Astroglial cells present throughout the whole brain, synthesize all the components of the renin-angiotensin system and express angiotensin receptors; therefore our aim was to assess changes in intracellular signalling pathways related to memory formation, particularly the activation of CREB and ERK1/2 in astroglial cells grown in the presence of angiotensin peptides. Cultured rat astroglial cells were treated for 24 h with 10 microM angiotensin II and/or 10 microM angiotensin IV in the presence or absence of 100 microM losartan (AT1-receptor antagonist) or 100 microM PD123319 (AT2-receptor antagonist). Both angiotensin peptides alone were without effect on culture protein levels and cell viability and did not induce oxidative stress, but both peptides together slightly elevated cell growth rates and increased damaged, apoptotic cell numbers. This effect was most probably mediated by the AT1 receptor. Angiotensin II but not angiotensin IV increased intracellular calcium via activation of AT1 receptor. Angiotensin IV but not angiotensin II increased extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) by 65% and T202, T204 phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels by 36%; this effect was blocked in part by both losartan and PD123319. Angiotensin II but not angiotensin IV increased cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) expression by almost 100% and elevated Ser 133-phosphorylated CREB levels by 56%. These effects were also inhibited in part by both losartan and PD123319. Our results indicate that CREB activation in cultured rat glial cells is mediated mostly by angiotensin II. Angiotensin IV appears to affect the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Wei D, Jin Z, Järlebark L, Scarfone E, Ulfendahl M. Survival, synaptogenesis, and regeneration of adult mouse spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. Dev Neurobiol 2007; 67:108-22. [PMID: 17443776 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear spiral ganglion is populated by bipolar neurons connecting the peripheral sensory receptors, the hair cells, with central neurons in auditory brain stem nuclei. Hearing impairment is often a consequence of hair cell death, e.g., from acoustic trauma. When deprived of their peripheral targets, the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) progressively degenerate. For effective clinical treatment using cochlear prostheses, it is essential to maintain the SGN population. To investigate their survival dependence, synaptogenesis, and regenerative capacity, adult mouse SGNs were separated from hair cells and studied in vitro in the presence of various neurotrophins and growth factors. Coadministration of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) provided support for long-term survival, while FGF-2 alone could strongly promote neurite regeneration. Fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR-3-IIIc was found to upregulate and translocate to the nucleus in surviving SGNs. Surviving SGNs formed contacts with other SGNs after they were deprived of the signals from the hair cells. In coculture experiments, neurites extending from SGNs projected toward hair cells. Interestingly, adult mouse spiral ganglion cells could carry out both symmetric and asymmetric cell division and give rise to new neurons. The authors propose that a combination of FGF-2 and GDNF could be an efficient route for clinical intervention of secondary degeneration of SGNs. The authors also demonstrate that the adult mammalian inner ear retains progenitor cells, which could commit neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguang Wei
- Center for Hearing and Communication Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Mori K, Le Goff B, Berreur M, Riet A, Moreau A, Blanchard F, Chevalier C, Guisle-Marsollier I, Léger J, Guicheux J, Masson M, Gouin F, Rédini F, Heymann D. Human osteosarcoma cells express functional receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B. J Pathol 2007; 211:555-562. [PMID: 17323424 DOI: 10.1002/path.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RANK, RANK ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are the key regulators of bone metabolism, both in normal and pathological conditions. Previous data have demonstrated that human osteosarcoma biopsies express RANKL as well as OPG, and functional RANK is expressed in a murine osteosarcoma cell line. As RANK expression in human osteosarcoma remains controversial, the aim of the present study was to analyse its expression in vitro in human osteosarcoma cell lines, ex vivo using pathological tissues, and then to determine its functionality in terms of signal transduction pathways modulated by RANKL. RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that RANK is expressed at both transcriptional and protein levels in MNNG/HOS, Saos-2 and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell lines, in contrast to the U-2 OS osteosarcoma cell line and human osteoblasts, which were negative. RANK was also expressed in 57% of osteosarcoma biopsies. Furthermore, western blot experiments clearly demonstrated the functionality of RANK. Thus, RANKL significantly induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and IkappaB in RANK-positive osteosarcoma cells. This study is the first report of functional RANK expression in human osteosarcoma cells: this strengthens the involvement of the RANK-RANKL-OPG axis in primary bone tumour biology and identifies novel therapeutic approaches targeting RANK-positive osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mori
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - B Le Goff
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - M Berreur
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - A Riet
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - A Moreau
- Hospital, Hôtel Dieu, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - F Blanchard
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
| | | | | | - J Léger
- INSERM U533, Nantes F-44035, France
| | | | - M Masson
- INSERM U791, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - F Gouin
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
- Hospital, Hôtel Dieu, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - F Rédini
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
| | - D Heymann
- INSERM, ERI 7, Nantes F-44035, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, EA3822, Nantes F-44035, France
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Wei D, Jin Z, Järlebark L, Scarfone E, Ulfendahl M. Survival, synaptogenesis, and regeneration of adult mouse spiral ganglion neuronsin vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/neu.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Jiang ZS, Jeyaraman M, Wen GB, Fandrich RR, Dixon IMC, Cattini PA, Kardami E. High- but not low-molecular weight FGF-2 causes cardiac hypertrophy in vivo; possible involvement of cardiotrophin-1. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2006; 42:222-33. [PMID: 17045289 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The heart expresses high and low molecular weight (hmw, lmw) fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) isoforms. While the injury-repair-related activities of lmw-FGF-2 have been studied extensively, those of hmw-FGF-2 have not. Thus, we investigated the effects of hmw-FGF-2 on acute as well as chronic responses to myocardial infarction (MI) induced by irreversible coronary occlusion in the rat. Hmw- or lmw-FGF-2 was injected into the ischemic zone during acute evolving MI. Both isoforms were equally effective in reducing infarct size (at 24 h post-MI) and improving heart function up to 6 weeks post-MI, compared to a vehicle-treated infarcted group. Lmw-FGF-2 alone upregulated vascularization in the infarct. Hmw-FGF-2 elicited significant hypertrophy, compared to the vehicle-treated group, at 4-8 weeks post-MI, assessed by ultrasound, heart morphometry and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. In addition, hmw- (but not lmw-) FGF-2-treated hearts displayed increased accumulation of the cytokine cardiotrophin-1 and its signal transducer gp130. In culture, hmw- (but not lmw-) FGF-2 increased cardiomyocyte protein synthesis and cell size as well as upregulated cardiotrophin-1 released by cardiac fibroblasts, pointing to similar activities in vivo. Thus, hmw- and lmw-FGF-2 exert isoform-specific effects in the heart and only hmw-FGF-2 triggers cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth. Direct effects of hmw-FGF-2 on cardiomyocytes, becoming reinforced and sustained by upregulation of cardiotrophin-1 and acting in concert with other factors, are likely to contribute to post-MI hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Nanhua University, Hengyang City, Hunan, PR China
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