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Ni J, You Y, Shen X. Correspondence: Reply to commentary on "Vanillic acid restores homeostasis of intestinal epithelium in colitis through inhibiting CA9/STIM1-mediated ferroptosis". Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107225. [PMID: 38777112 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation (AI³) Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Markey KA. Lipocalin-2: a novel potential therapy for GVHD. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:231-233. [PMID: 38548552 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Czech et al. used mouse models of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) to investigate the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as a newfound regulator of intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Administration of recombinant LCN2 protein after disease onset prevented GVHD progression, suggesting that it may play a role in reversing tissue damage that has already begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Markey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Czech M, Schneider S, Peltokangas N, El Khawanky N, Ghimire S, Andrieux G, Hülsdünker J, Krausz M, Proietti M, Braun LM, Rückert T, Langenbach M, Schmidt D, Martin I, Wenger V, de Vega E, Haring E, Pourjam M, Pfeifer D, Schmitt-Graeff A, Grimbacher B, Aumann K, Kircher B, Tilg H, Raffatellu M, Thiele Orberg E, Häcker G, Duyster J, Köhler N, Holler E, Nachbaur D, Boerries M, Gerner RR, Grün D, Zeiser R. Lipocalin-2 expression identifies an intestinal regulatory neutrophil population during acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi1501. [PMID: 38381845 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), for which therapeutic options are limited. Strategies to promote intestinal tissue tolerance during aGVHD may improve patient outcomes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a lipocalin-2 (LCN2)-expressing neutrophil population in mice with intestinal aGVHD. Transfer of LCN2-overexpressing neutrophils or treatment with recombinant LCN2 reduced aGVHD severity, whereas the lack of epithelial or hematopoietic LCN2 enhanced aGVHD severity and caused microbiome alterations. Mechanistically, LCN2 induced insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in macrophages through the LCN2 receptor SLC22A17, which increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and reduced major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Transfer of LCN2-pretreated macrophages reduced aGVHD severity but did not reduce graft-versus-leukemia effects. Furthermore, LCN2 expression correlated with IL-10 expression in intestinal biopsies in multiple cohorts of patients with aGVHD, and LCN2 induced IGF-1R signaling in human macrophages. Collectively, we identified a LCN2-expressing intestinal neutrophil population that reduced aGVHD severity by decreasing MHCII expression and increasing IL-10 production in macrophages. This work provides the foundation for administration of LCN2 as a therapeutic approach for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Czech
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Peltokangas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hülsdünker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Máté Krausz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamina Rückert
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Langenbach
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Martin
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Wenger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Enrique de Vega
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Haring
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohsen Pourjam
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL Institute of Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hannover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Aumann
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92123-0735, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erik Thiele Orberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner-site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Nachbaur
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Germany
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Khor AHP, Koguchi T, Liu H, Kakuta M, Matsubara D, Wen R, Sagiya Y, Imoto S, Nakagawa H, Matsuda K, Tanikawa C. Regulation of the innate immune response and gut microbiome by p53. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:184-196. [PMID: 38050344 PMCID: PMC10823282 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key tumor suppressor mutated in half of human cancers. In recent years, p53 was shown to regulate a wide variety of functions. From the transcriptome analysis of 24 tissues of irradiated mice, we identified 553 genes markedly induced by p53. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis found that the most associated biological process was innate immunity. 16S rRNA-seq analysis revealed that Akkermansia, which has anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in the regulation of intestinal barrier integrity, was decreased in p53-knockout (p53-/- ) mice after radiation. p53-/- mice were susceptible to radiation-induced GI toxicity and had a significantly shorter survival time than p53-wild-type (p53+/+ ) mice following radiation. However, administration of antibiotics resulted in a significant improvement in survival and protection against GI toxicity. Mbl2 and Lcn2, which have antimicrobial activity, were identified to be directly transactivated by p53 and secreted by liver into the circulatory system. We also found the expression of MBL2 and LCN2 was decreased in liver cancer tissues with p53 mutations compared with those without p53 mutations. These results indicate that p53 is involved in shaping the gut microbiome through its downstream targets related to the innate immune system, thus protecting the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hui Ping Khor
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of UrologyFukushima Medical University School of MedicineFukushimaJapan
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
| | - Masanori Kakuta
- Department of Integrated Analytics, M&D Data Science CenterTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Ruimeng Wen
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
| | - Yoji Sagiya
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer GenomicsRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
| | - Chizu Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoMinato City, TokyoJapan
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Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fazel P, Fallah A, Sedighian H, Kachuei R, Behzadi E, Imani Fooladi AA. Host and Pathogen-Directed Therapies against Microbial Infections Using Exosome- and Antimicrobial Peptide-derived Stem Cells with a Special look at Pulmonary Infections and Sepsis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2166-2191. [PMID: 37495772 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecules. However, it is necessary to note that excessive use of any of these drugs can lead to an increase in microbial resistance and infectious diseases. New therapeutic methods have been studied recently using emerging drugs such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act based on two completely different strategies against pathogens including Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) and Pathogen-Directed Therapy (PDT), respectively. In the PDT approach, AMPs interact directly with pathogens to interrupt their intrusion, survival, and proliferation. These drugs interact directly with the cell membrane or intracellular components of pathogens and cause the death of pathogens or inhibit their replication. The mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in HDT is based on immunomodulation and regulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, and reduced host toxicity. This review studies the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes/ATPs therapeutic properties against microbial infectious diseases especially pulmonary infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvindokht Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Fallah
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Kim DY, Yim HE, Son MH, Yoo KH. Urine specific gravity, pyuria, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for identifying urinary tract infection in young children. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3337-3346. [PMID: 37074426 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) might be superior to pyuria for detecting urinary tract infection (UTI) regardless of urine specific gravity (SG) in young children. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of children aged < 3 years who were evaluated for UTI with urinalysis, urine culture, and uNGAL measurements during a 5-year period. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LRs), predictive values (PVs), area under the curves (AUCs) of uNGAL cut-off levels, and various microscopic pyuria thresholds for detecting UTI were calculated for dilute (SG < 1.015) and concentrated urine (SG ≥ 1.015). RESULTS Of 456 children included, 218 had UTI. The diagnostic value of urine white blood cell (WBC) concentration to define UTI changed with urine SG. For detecting UTI, uNGAL cut-off of 68.4 ng/mL had higher AUC values than pyuria ≥ 5 WBCs/high power field (HPF) for dilute and concentrated urine samples (both P < 0.05). Positive LR and PV and specificity of uNGAL were all greater than those of pyuria ≥ 5 WBCs/HPF regardless of urine SG, although the sensitivity of pyuria ≥ 5 WBCs/HPF was higher than that of uNGAL cut-off for dilute urine (93.8% vs. 83.5%) (P < 0.05). At uNGAL ≥ 68.4 ng/mL and ≥ 5 WBCs/HPF, posttest probabilities of UTI were 68.8% and 57.5% for dilute urine and 73.4% and 57.3% for concentrated urine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Urine SG can affect the diagnostic performance of pyuria for detecting UTI and uNGAL might be helpful for identifying UTI regardless of urine SG in young children. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Hwa Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
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Bao W, Wang L, Liu X, Li M. Predicting diagnostic biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in Crohn's disease based on machine learning and bioinformatics. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:255. [PMID: 37496049 PMCID: PMC10369716 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate potential biomarkers of Crohn's disease (CD) and the pathological importance of infiltration of associated immune cells in disease development using machine learning. METHODS Three publicly accessible CD gene expression profiles were obtained from the GEO database. Inflammatory tissue samples were selected and differentiated between colonic and ileal tissues. To determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CD and healthy controls, the larger sample size was merged as a training unit. The function of DEGs was comprehended through disease enrichment (DO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on DEGs. Promising biomarkers were identified using the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination and lasso regression models. To further clarify the efficacy of potential biomarkers as diagnostic genes, the area under the ROC curve was observed in the validation group. Additionally, using the CIBERSORT approach, immune cell fractions from CD patients were examined and linked with potential biomarkers. RESULTS Thirty-four DEGs were identified in colon tissue, of which 26 were up-regulated and 8 were down-regulated. In ileal tissues, 50 up-regulated and 50 down-regulated DEGs were observed. Disease enrichment of colon and ileal DEGs primarily focused on immunity, inflammatory bowel disease, and related pathways. CXCL1, S100A8, REG3A, and DEFA6 in colon tissue and LCN2 and NAT8 in ileum tissue demonstrated excellent diagnostic value and could be employed as CD gene biomarkers using machine learning methods in conjunction with external dataset validation. In comparison to controls, antigen processing and presentation, chemokine signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity were activated in colonic tissues. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways were activated in ileal tissues. NAT8 was found to be associated with CD8 T cells, while CXCL1, S100A8, REG3A, LCN2, and DEFA6 were associated with neutrophils, indicating that immune cell infiltration in CD is closely connected. CONCLUSION CXCL1, S100A8, REG3A, and DEFA6 in colonic tissue and LCN2 and NAT8 in ileal tissue can be employed as CD biomarkers. Additionally, immune cell infiltration is crucial for CD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Bao
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Spleen and Gastroenterology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No.354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Nephrology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Spleen and Gastroenterology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No.354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Atanga R, Romero AS, Hernandez AJ, Peralta-Herrera E, Merkley SD, In JG, Castillo EF. Inflammatory macrophages prevent colonic goblet and enteroendocrine cell differentiation through Notch signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.547119. [PMID: 37425818 PMCID: PMC10327198 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory macrophages in the intestine are a key pathogenic factor driving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we report the role of inflammatory macrophage-mediated notch signaling on secretory lineage differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. Utilizing IL-10-deficient (Il10-/-) mice, a model of spontaneous colitis, we found an increase in Notch activity in the colonic epithelium as well as an increase in intestinal macrophages expressing Notch ligands, which are increased in macrophages upon inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, a co-culture system of inflammatory macrophages and intestinal stem and proliferative cells during differentiation reduced goblet and enteroendocrine cells. This was recapitulated when utilizing a Notch agonist on human colonic organoids (colonoids). In summary, our findings indicate that inflammatory macrophages upregulate notch ligands that activate notch signaling in ISC via cell-cell interactions, which in turn inhibits secretory lineage differentiation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Atanga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Aaron S. Romero
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Anthony Jimenez Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Seth D. Merkley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Julie G. In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Eliseo F. Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM
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9
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Choudhary BS, Chaudhary N, Shah M, Dwivedi N, P K S, Das M, Dalal SN. Lipocalin 2 inhibits actin glutathionylation to promote invasion and migration. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:1086-1097. [PMID: 36650979 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Invasive and metastatic tumor cells show an increase in migration and invasion, making the processes contributing to these phenotypes potential therapeutic targets. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2; also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) is a putative therapeutic target in multiple tumor types and promotes invasion and migration, although the mechanisms underlying these phenotypes are unclear. The data in this report demonstrate that LCN2 promotes actin polymerization, invasion, and migration by inhibiting actin glutathionylation. LCN2 inhibits actin glutathionylation by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by reducing intracellular iron levels. Inhibiting LCN2 function leads to increased actin glutathionylation, decreased migration, and decreased invasion. These results suggest that LCN2 is a potential therapeutic target in invasive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya Shree Choudhary
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nazia Chaudhary
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Manya Shah
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nehanjali Dwivedi
- Molecular Immunology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bommasandra, Bangalore, India
| | - Smitha P K
- Product Research Group, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bommasandra, Bangalore, India
| | - Manjula Das
- Molecular Immunology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, Bommasandra, Bangalore, India
| | - Sorab Nariman Dalal
- Cell and Tumor Biology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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10
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Huang L, Li W, Lu Y, Ju Q, Ouyang M. Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098501. [PMID: 36910614 PMCID: PMC9992732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, is involved in a wide range of critical biochemical reactions and physiological processes, including the maintenance of the normal cell cycle, mitochondrial function, nucleotide metabolism, and immune response. In this context, iron is naturally associated with cancer occurrence. Cellular iron deficiency can induce apoptosis, however, iron can also engage in potentially harmful reactions that produce free radicals because of its capacity to gain and lose electrons. Studies suggest that dietary iron, particularly heme iron, may be one of the leading causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, patients with CRC have abnormal iron absorption, storage, utilization, and exportation. Therefore, iron is crucial for the development and progression of CRC. Elaborating on the alterations in iron metabolism during the onset and advancement of CRC would help to further explain the role and mechanism of iron inside the body. Thus, we reviewed the alterations in numerous iron metabolism-related molecules and their roles in CRC, which may provide new clues between iron metabolism and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luji Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangji Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong, China
| | - Qinuo Ju
- Guangdong Country Garden School, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhao Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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11
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Bu S, Kar W, Tucker RM, Comstock SS. Minimal Influence of Cayenne Pepper on the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation in Healthy Adult Humans-A Pilot Study. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111849. [PMID: 36430985 PMCID: PMC9695709 DOI: 10.3390/life12111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diet impacts human gut microbial composition. Phytochemicals in cayenne pepper (CP), such as capsaicin, have anti-inflammatory properties and alter bacterial growth in vitro. However, the evidence that CP impacts the human microbiota and intestinal inflammation in free-living adults is lacking. Thus, the objective of this randomized cross-over study was to determine the influence of CP on human gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation in vivo. A total of 29 participants were randomly allocated to consume two 250 mL servings of tomato juice plus 1.8 g of CP each day or juice only for 5 days before crossing over to the other study arm. Fecal samples were analyzed. CP reduced Oscillibacter and Phascolarctobacterium but enriched Bifidobacterium and Gp6. When stratified by BMI (body mass index), only the increase in Gp6 was observed in all BMI groups during CP treatment. Stool concentrations of lipocalin-2 and calprotectin were similar regardless of CP treatment. However, lipocalin-2 and calprotectin levels were positively correlated in samples taken after CP consumption. Neither lipocalin-2 nor calprotectin levels were related to gut microbial composition. In conclusion, in healthy adult humans under typical living conditions, consumption of CP minimally influenced the gut microbiota and had little impact on intestinal inflammation.
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12
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Morphological Assessment and Biomarkers of Low-Grade, Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Production Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213036. [PMID: 36359160 PMCID: PMC9654368 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Production animals are continuously exposed to environmental and dietary factors that might induce a state of low-grade, chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition compromises the productive performance and well-fare of these animals, requiring studies to understand what causes it and to develop control strategies. An intestinal inflammatory process is generally associated with alterations in the structure and functionality of its wall, resulting in the release of cellular components into the blood and/or feces. These components can act as biomarkers, i.e., they are measured to identify and quantify an inflammatory process without requiring invasive methods. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the identification of biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies. Abstract The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and physical characteristics of the diet and/or environmental stressors can continuously affect this balance, potentially inducing a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut, where inflammatory parameters are present and demanding energy, but not in enough intensity to provoke clinical manifestations. It’s vital to expand the understanding of inflammation dynamics and of how they compromise the function activity and microscopic morphology of the intestinal mucosa. These morphometric alterations are associated with the release of structural and functional cellular components into the feces and the blood stream creating measurable biomarkers to track this condition. Moreover, the identification of novel, immunometabolic biomarkers can provide dynamic and predictors of low-grade chronic inflammation, but also provide indicators of successful nutritional or feed additive intervention strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies.
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13
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu X, Xu F, Ma H, Wu M, Xia Y. Targeting Ferroptosis Pathway to Combat Therapy Resistance and Metastasis of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909821. [PMID: 35847022 PMCID: PMC9280276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation. This form of cell death differed from known forms of cell death in morphological and biochemical features such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Cancer cells require higher levels of iron to survive, which makes them highly susceptible to ferroptosis. Therefore, it was found to be closely related to the progression, treatment response, and metastasis of various cancer types. Numerous studies have found that the ferroptosis pathway is closely related to drug resistance and metastasis of cancer. Some cancer cells reduce their susceptibility to ferroptosis by downregulating the ferroptosis pathway, resulting in resistance to anticancer therapy. Induction of ferroptosis restores the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to standard treatments. Cancer cells that are resistant to conventional therapies or have a high propensity to metastasize might be particularly susceptible to ferroptosis. Some biological processes and cellular components, such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and noncoding RNAs, can influence cancer metastasis by regulating ferroptosis. Therefore, targeting ferroptosis may help suppress cancer metastasis. Those progresses revealed the importance of ferroptosis in cancer, In order to provide the detailed molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in regulating therapy resistance and metastasis and strategies to overcome these barriers are not fully understood, we described the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its interaction with signaling pathways related to therapy resistance and metastasis. Furthermore, we summarized strategies for reversing resistance to targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy and inhibiting cancer metastasis by modulating ferroptosis. Understanding the comprehensive regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of ferroptosis in cancer can provide new insights to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs, overcome drug resistance, and inhibit cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuyan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Xia,
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14
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Alvarez AM, Alvarez-Flores MP, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Goldfeder MB, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Moreira V, Teixeira C. Losac and Lopap Recombinant Proteins from Lonomia obliqua Bristles Positively Modulate the Myoblast Proliferation Process. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:904737. [PMID: 35847970 PMCID: PMC9280836 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.904737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of better therapies for disorders creating deficiencies in skeletal muscle regeneration is in progress, and several biotoxins are used in skeletal muscle research. Since recombinant proteins derived from Lonomia obliqua bristles, recombinant Lonomia obliqua Stuart-factor activator (rLosac) and recombinant Lonomia obliqua prothrombin activator protease (rLopap) act as cytoprotective agents and promote cell survival, we hypothesize that both rLosac and rLopap favour the skeletal muscle regeneration process. In the present work, we investigate the ability of these recombinant proteins rLosac and rLopap to modulate the production of key mediators of the myogenic process. The expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), cell proliferation, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the protein expression of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 were evaluated in C2C12 mouse myoblasts pre-treated with rLosac and rLopap. We found an increased proliferation of myoblasts, stimulated by both recombinant proteins. Moreover, these proteins modulated PGE2 release and MRFs activities. We also found an increased expression of the EP4 receptor in the proliferative phase of C2C12 cells, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in the effects of PGE2 in these cells. Moreover, the recombinant proteins inhibited the release of IL-6 and PGE2, which is induced by an inflammatory stimulus by IL-1β. This work reveals rLopap and rLosac as promising proteins to modulate processes involving tissue regeneration as occurs during skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela María Alvarez
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Innovation and Development Labororatory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Innovation and Development Labororatory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moreira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Moreira, ; Catarina Teixeira,
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Moreira, ; Catarina Teixeira,
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15
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Lonomia obliqua Envenoming and Innovative Research. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120832. [PMID: 34941670 PMCID: PMC8706654 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a tribute to Butantan Institute in its 120th anniversary, this review describes some of the scientific research efforts carried out in the study of Lonomia envenoming in Brazil, a country where accidents with caterpillars reach over 42,000 individuals per year (especially in South and Southeast Brazil). Thus, the promising data regarding the studies with Lonomia’s toxins contributed to the creation of new research centers specialized in toxinology based at Butantan Institute, as well as to the production of the antilonomic serum (ALS), actions which are in line with the Butantan Institute mission “to research, develop, manufacture, and provide products and services for the health of the population”. In addition, the study of the components of the Lonomia obliqua bristle extract led to the discovery of new molecules with peculiar properties, opening a field of knowledge that could lead to the development and innovation of new drugs aimed at cell regeneration and inflammatory diseases.
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16
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Merkley SD, Goodfellow SM, Guo Y, Wilton ZER, Byrum JR, Schwalm KC, Dinwiddie DL, Gullapalli RR, Deretic V, Jimenez Hernandez A, Bradfute SB, In JG, Castillo EF. Non-autophagy Role of Atg5 and NBR1 in Unconventional Secretion of IL-12 Prevents Gut Dysbiosis and Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 16:259-274. [PMID: 34374750 PMCID: PMC8864635 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal myeloid cells play a critical role in balancing intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that expression of the autophagy-related 5 [Atg5] protein in myeloid cells prevents dysbiosis and excessive intestinal inflammation by limiting IL-12 production. Mice with a selective genetic deletion of Atg5 in myeloid cells [Atg5ΔMye] showed signs of dysbiosis preceding colitis, and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation upon colitis induction that was characterised by increased IFNγ production. The exacerbated colitis was linked to excess IL-12 secretion from Atg5-deficient myeloid cells and gut dysbiosis. Restoration of the intestinal microbiota or genetic deletion of IL-12 in Atg5ΔMye mice attenuated the intestinal inflammation in Atg5ΔMye mice. Additionally, Atg5 functions to limit IL-12 secretion through modulation of late endosome [LE] acidity. Last, the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1, which accumulates in Atg5-deficient cells, played a role by delivering IL-12 to LE. In summary, Atg5 expression in intestinal myeloid cells acts as an anti-inflammatory brake to regulate IL-12, thus preventing dysbiosis and uncontrolled IFNγ-driven intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Merkley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Samuel M Goodfellow
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zoe E R Wilton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Janie R Byrum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kurt C Schwalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Darrell L Dinwiddie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anthony Jimenez Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julie G In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Corresponding author: Eliseo F. Castillo, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, MSC 10 550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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17
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Agah S, Akbari A, Sadeghi E, Morvaridzadeh M, Basharat Z, Palmowski A, Heshmati J. Resveratrol supplementation and acute pancreatitis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111268. [PMID: 33493966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. We performed a comprehensive review to find any evidence about the effects of Resveratrol on acute pancreatitis (AP). Resveratrol has been found to directly impact cytokine generation. As these factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AP, resveratrol might attenuate AP and its complications. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerts its pharmacological effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via interaction with different signaling molecules and transcription factors. Indeed, resveratrol might prove to be an effective therapeutic component for AP treatment in the future. In this review, we shed light on potential most recent pathways through which resveratrol might impact the management and control of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Sadeghi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Andriko Palmowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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18
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Zhou Z, Feng C, Liu X, Liu S. 3nLcn2, a teleost lipocalin 2 that possesses antimicrobial activity and inhibits bacterial infection in triploid crucian carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:47-55. [PMID: 32283247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) has been identified in mammals, however, the in vivo function of fish Lcn2 is essentially unknown. Triploid crucian carp (3n = 150) of red crucian carp (female, 2n = 100) and allotetraploid (male, 4n = 200) shows better resistance to pathogenic infections. To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of triploid crucian carp, we examined the function of a novel Lcn2 from triploid crucian carp (3nLcn2). 3nLcn2 is 183 residues in length and contains a conserved lipocalin domain. Quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that 3nLcn2 expression occurred in multiple tissues and was upregulated by bacterial infection in a time-dependent manner. We found that purified recombinant 3nLcn2 (r3nLcn2) exerted bactericidal activity to Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli. qRT-PCR detected increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions in fish with 3nLcn2 overexpression. Fish administered with 3nLcn2 exhibited enhanced intestinal barrier and resistance against bacterial infection. These results provide the first evidence that 3nLcn2 is a functional lipocalin with antimicrobial activity and plays a positive role in the immune defense during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Chen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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19
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Zhao W, Bendickson L, Nilsen-Hamilton M. The Lipocalin2 Gene is Regulated in Mammary Epithelial Cells by NFκB and C/EBP In Response to Mycoplasma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7641. [PMID: 32376831 PMCID: PMC7203223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lcn2 gene expression increases in response to cell stress signals, particularly in cells involved in the innate immune response. Human Lcn2 (NGAL) is increased in the blood and tissues in response to many stressors including microbial infection and in response to LPS in myeloid and epithelial cells. Here we extend the microbial activators of Lcn2 to mycoplasma and describe studies in which the mechanism of Lcn2 gene regulation by MALP-2 and mycoplasma infection was investigated in mouse mammary epithelial cells. As for the LPS response of myeloid cells, Lcn2 expression in epithelial cells is preceded by increased TNFα, IL-6 and IκBζ expression and selective reduction of IκBζ reduces Lcn2 promoter activity. Lcn2 promoter activation remains elevated well beyond the period of exposure to MALP-2 and is persistently elevated in mycoplasma infected cells. Activation of either the human or the mouse Lcn2 promoter requires both NFκB and C/EBP for activation. Thus, Lcn2 is strongly and enduringly activated by mycoplasma components that stimulate the innate immune response with the same basic regulatory mechanism for the human and mouse genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology and the Interdepartmental Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Bayview Physicians Group, Battlefield Medical association, 675 North Battlefield Boulevard, Chesapeake, VA, 23320, USA
| | - Lee Bendickson
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology and the Interdepartmental Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Marit Nilsen-Hamilton
- Roy J Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology and the Interdepartmental Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
- Interdepartmental Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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20
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Wang Q, Li S, Tang X, Liang L, Wang F, Du H. Lipocalin 2 Protects Against Escherichia coli Infection by Modulating Neutrophil and Macrophage Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2594. [PMID: 31781104 PMCID: PMC6857527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an essential component of the antimicrobial innate immune system. It attenuates bacterial growth by binding and sequestering the iron-scavenging siderophores to prevent bacterial iron acquisition. Whereas, the ability of Lcn2 to sequester iron is well-described, the role of Lcn2 in regulating immune cells during bacterial infection remains unclear. In this study, we showed that upon infection with Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Lcn2-deficient (Lcn2 -/-) mice carried more bacteria in blood and liver, and the acute-phase sera lost their antibacterial activity in vitro. Neutrophils from Lcn2 -/- mice were defective in homeostasis and morphological development. E. coli O157:H7 infection of Lcn2 -/- mice resulted in a reduced neutrophil migration capacity, with 30% reduction of extravasated neutrophils, and impaired chemotaxis, as shown by a reduction in the secretion of chemoattractants, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, which are instrumental in eliciting a neutrophil response. We also found that some secreted cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α] were decreased. Transcripts of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10), chemokines (MIP-2 and MCP-1), and iNOS production were all strongly repressed in Lcn2 -/- macrophages. Furthermore, Lcn2 could induce the production of chemokines and promote the migration and phagocytosis of macrophages. Thus, Lcn2 deficiency could impair the migration and chemotaxis ability of neutrophils and disturb the normal secretion of inflammatory cytokines of macrophages. Therefore, the heightened sensitivity of Lcn2 -/- mice to E. coli O157:H7 is not only due to the antibacterial function of Lcn2 but also a consequence of impaired functions of immune cells, including neutrophils and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Tang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Du
- MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Lu F, Inoue K, Kato J, Minamishima S, Morisaki H. Functions and regulation of lipocalin-2 in gut-origin sepsis: a narrative review. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:269. [PMID: 31375129 PMCID: PMC6679544 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, has come to be recognized for its roles in iron homeostasis, infection, and inflammation. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive description based on currently available evidence of the clinical implications of Lcn2 and its therapeutic potency in gut-origin sepsis. Lcn2 appears to mitigate gut barrier injury via maintaining homeostasis of the microbiota and exerting antioxidant strategy, as well as by deactivating macrophages and inducing immune cell apoptosis to terminate systemic hyper-inflammation. We propose that development of a therapeutic strategy targeting lipocalin-2 could be highly promising in the management of gut-origin sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Lu
- Keio University Graduate School of Medicine Doctoral Programs, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanoamchi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanoamchi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jungo Kato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanoamchi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuka Minamishima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanoamchi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morisaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanoamchi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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22
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Du Y, Li W, Lin L, Lo EH, Xing C. Effects of lipocalin-2 on brain endothelial adhesion and permeability. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218965. [PMID: 31269059 PMCID: PMC6608966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a stress protein, and can be hyper-produced by many kinds of cells after exposure to injury or disease conditions. In this study, we asked whether LCN2 may play a protective role in cerebral endothelium. After focal cerebral ischemia in rats, plasma levels of LCN2 were significantly elevated at 6, 12, and 24 hrs, and persisted until 3 days post-stroke. To assess the vascular mechanisms of LCN2, we used brain endothelial cell cultures to investigate its effects on neutrophil adhesion and endothelial barrier integrity. LCN2 did not affect neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells either under normal conditions or after TNFα stimulation. TNFα significantly increased endothelial permeability, and LCN2 rescued endothelial permeability. Concomitantly, LCN2 restored the membrane distribution of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin. Our findings suggest that elevated LCN2 in the blood after ischemic stroke might affect endothelial function, in part by reducing damage to endothelial junctional proteins and maintain blood-brain barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li Lin
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CX); (EHL)
| | - Changhong Xing
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CX); (EHL)
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23
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Thorsvik S, van Beelen Granlund A, Svendsen TD, Bakke I, Røyset ES, Flo TH, Damås JK, Østvik AE, Bruland T, Sandvik AK. Ulcer-associated cell lineage expresses genes involved in regeneration and is hallmarked by high neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels. J Pathol 2019; 248:316-325. [PMID: 30746716 PMCID: PMC6618036 DOI: 10.1002/path.5258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), also known as Lipocalin 2, is an antimicrobial protein, encoded by the gene LCN2, strongly upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and a promising biomarker for IBD. Here we demonstrate that NGAL is highly expressed in all parts of pyloric metaplasia, also known as the ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL), a metaplastic cell lineage suggested to play a role in wound healing in Crohn's disease (CD). We further show NGAL expression in regenerative intestinal crypts and in undifferentiated patient-derived colonoids. This indicates that NGAL is important in the tissue regeneration process. The remarkable overexpression of NGAL in UACL led us to explore the pathobiology of these cells by transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to characterize the UACL at this level. Biopsies with UACL and inflamed non-UACL epithelium from the terminal ileum of CD patients and epithelium from healthy controls were laser capture microdissected for RNA sequencing. Among the 180 genes differentially expressed between UACL and control epithelium, the ten most-upregulated genes specific for UACL were MUC5AC, PGC, MUC6, MUC5B, LCN2, POU2AF1, MUC1, SDC3, IGFBP5, and SLC7A5. PDX1 was among the most upregulated in both UACL and inflamed non-UACL epithelium. Immunohistochemistry and iDisco 3D visualization was used to characterize UACL histo-morphologically, and to validate protein expression of 11 selected differentially expressed genes. Among these genes, LCN2, NOTCH2, PHLDA1, IGFBP5, SDC3, BPIFB1, and RCN1 have previously not been linked to UACL. Gene expression results were analyzed for functional implications using MetaCore, showing that differentially expressed genes are enriched for genes involved in cell migration and motility, and for biomarkers of gastrointestinal neoplasia. These results support a role for UACL as part of the reepithelialization process during and after destructive intestinal inflammation. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Thorsvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tarjei D Svendsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elin S Røyset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Pathology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trude H Flo
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan K Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann E Østvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne K Sandvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Basu S, Chaudhary N, Shah S, Braggs C, Sawant A, Vaz S, Thorat R, Gupta S, Dalal SN. Plakophilin3 loss leads to an increase in lipocalin2 expression, which is required for tumour formation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:251-265. [PMID: 29803740 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increase in tumour formation and metastasis are observed upon plakophilin3 (PKP3) loss. To identify pathways downstream of PKP3 loss that are required for increased tumour formation, a gene expression analysis was performed, which demonstrated that the expression of lipocalin2 (LCN2) was elevated upon PKP3 loss and this is consistent with expression data from human tumour samples suggesting that PKP3 loss correlates with an increase in LCN2 expression. PKP3 loss leads to an increase in invasion, tumour formation and metastasis and these phenotypes were dependent on the increase in LCN2 expression. The increased LCN2 expression was due to an increase in the activation of p38 MAPK in the HCT116 derived PKP3 knockdown clones as LCN2 expression decreased upon inhibition of p38 MAPK. The phosphorylated active form of p38 MAPK is translocated to the nucleus upon PKP3 loss and is dependent on complex formation between p38 MAPK and PKP3. WT PKP3 inhibits LCN2 reporter activity in PKP3 knockdown cells but a PKP3 mutant that fails to form a complex with p38 MAPK cannot suppress LCN2 promoter activity. Further, LCN2 expression is decreased upon loss of p38β, but not p38α, in the PKP3 knockdown cells. These results suggest that PKP3 loss leads to an increase in the nuclear translocation of p38 MAPK and p38β MAPK is required for the increase in LCN2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Basu
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Nazia Chaudhary
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Carol Braggs
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakanksha Sawant
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Simone Vaz
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Biology Group, Gupta Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sorab N Dalal
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar Node, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400085, India.
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25
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Ectopic Expression of Innate Immune Protein, Lipocalin-2, in Lactococcus lactis Protects Against Gut and Environmental Stressors. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1120-1132. [PMID: 28445245 PMCID: PMC5469687 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein that exhibits antimicrobial activity by the sequestration of bacterial siderophores, regulates iron homeostasis, and augments cellular tolerance to oxidative stress. Studies in the murine model of colitis have demonstrated that Lcn2 deficiency exacerbates colitogenesis; however, the therapeutic potential of Lcn2 supplementation has yet to be elucidated. In light of its potential mucoprotective functions, we, herein, investigated whether expression of Lcn2 in the probiotic bacterium can be exploited to alleviate experimental colitis. METHODS Murine Lcn2 was cloned into the pT1NX plasmid and transformed into Lactococcus lactis to generate L. lactis-expressing Lcn2 (Lactis-Lcn2) or the empty plasmid (Lactis-Con). Lactis-Lcn2 was characterized by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tested for its antimicrobial efficacy on Escherichia coli. The capacity of Lactis-Lcn2 and Lactis-Con to withstand adverse conditions was tested using in vitro viability assays. Dextran sodium sulfate colitis model was used to investigate the colonization ability and therapeutic potential of Lactis-Lcn2 and Lactis-Con. RESULTS Lcn2 derived from Lactis-Lcn2 inhibited the growth of E. coli and reduced the bioactivity of enterobactin (E. coli-derived siderophore) in vitro. Lactis-Lcn2 displayed enhanced tolerance to adverse pH, high concentration of bile acids, and oxidative stress in vitro and survived better in the inflamed gut than Lactis-Con. Consistent with these features, Lactis-Lcn2 displayed better mucoprotection against intestinal inflammation than Lactis-Con when administered into mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Lcn2 expression can be exploited to enhance the survivability of probiotic bacteria during inflammation, which could further improve its efficacy to treat experimental colitis.
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26
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Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), an innate immune protein, has emerged as a critical iron regulatory protein during physiological and inflammatory conditions. As a bacteriostatic factor, Lcn2 obstructs the siderophore iron-acquiring strategy of bacteria and thus inhibits bacterial growth. As part of host nutritional immunity, Lcn2 facilitates systemic, cellular, and mucosal hypoferremia during inflammation, in addition to stabilizing the siderophore-bound labile iron pool. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interaction between Lcn2 and iron, and its effects in various inflammatory diseases. Lcn2 exerts mostly a protective role in infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases, whereas both beneficial and detrimental functions have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, renal disorders, skin disorders, and cancer. Further animal and clinical studies are necessary to unveil the multifaceted roles of Lcn2 in iron dysregulation during inflammation and to explore its therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; .,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
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27
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Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Dependent Neutrophil Priming Prevents Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Bacterial Translocation. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:1498-1510. [PMID: 28144894 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) causes barrier impairment and bacterial influx. Protection against I/R injury in sterile organs by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) had been attributed to erythropoietic and angiogenic responses. Our previous study showed attenuation of intestinal I/R injury by HPC for 21 days in a neutrophil-dependent manner. AIM To investigate the underlying mechanisms of neutrophil priming by HPC, and explore whether adoptive transfer of primed neutrophils is sufficient to ameliorate intestinal I/R injury. METHODS Rats raised in normoxia (NM) and HPC for 3 or 7 days were subjected to sham operation or superior mesenteric artery occlusion for I/R challenge. Neutrophils isolated from rats raised in NM or HPC for 21 days were intravenously injected into naïve controls prior to I/R. RESULTS Similar to the protective effect of HPC-21d, I/R-induced mucosal damage was attenuated by HPC-7d but not by HPC-3d. Naïve rats reconstituted with neutrophils of HPC-21d rats showed increase in intestinal phagocytic infiltration and myeloperoxidase activity, and barrier protection against I/R insult. Elevated free radical production, and higher bactericidal and phagocytic activity were observed in HPC neutrophils compared to NM controls. Moreover, increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) were seen in HPC rats. Naïve neutrophils incubated with HPC serum or recombinant TNFα, but not CINC-1, exhibited heightened respiratory burst and bactericidal activity. Lastly, neutrophil priming effect was abolished by neutralization of TNFα in HPC serum. CONCLUSIONS TNFα-primed neutrophils by HPC act as effectors cells for enhancing barrier integrity under gut ischemia.
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28
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Moschen AR, Adolph TE, Gerner RR, Wieser V, Tilg H. Lipocalin-2: A Master Mediator of Intestinal and Metabolic Inflammation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:388-397. [PMID: 28214071 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is released by various cell types and is an attractive biomarker of inflammation, ischemia, infection, and kidney damage. Both intestinal and metabolic inflammation, as observed in obesity and related disorders, are associated with increased LCN2 synthesis. While LCN2 in the intestinal tract regulates the composition of the gut microbiota and shows anti-inflammatory activities, it also exhibits proinflammatory activities in other experimental settings. In animal models of metabolic inflammation, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), increased LCN2 expression favors inflammation via the recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, and the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. A better understanding of this crucial marker of innate immunity might pave the way for targeting this pathway in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Wieser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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29
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Du X, Chen W, Wang Y, Chen C, Guo L, Ju R, Li J, Zhang D, Zhu L, Ye C. Therapeutic efficacy of carboxyamidotriazole on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model is associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:16-25. [PMID: 28152446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Excess proinflammatory cytokines owing to the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome play the key role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory activity of carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) resulting from decreasing cytokines. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of CAI in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis and the involvement of CAI action with NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway. CAI was orally administered to TNBS-induced colitis rat. The severity of colitis was assessed, and NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB pathway and cytokines were determined. Our results showed that CAI significantly reduced weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) scores in colitis rats and alleviated the colonic macroscopic signs and pathological damage. In addition, the intestinal inflammatory markers and permeability index were markedly ameliorated by CAI treatment. The decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18 were also detected in the colon tissues of CAI-treated colitis rats. Moreover, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflamed colon was significantly suppressed by showing an obvious reduction in the NLRP3 and activated caspase-1 levels. Furthermore, CAI reduced NF-κB p65 expression and IκBα phosphorylation and degradation in colitis rats. Therefore, CAI attenuates TNBS-induced colitis, which may be attributed to its inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB activation, and down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide further understanding of the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of CAI and highlight it as a potential drug for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dechang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Caiying Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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30
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Toyonaga T, Matsuura M, Mori K, Honzawa Y, Minami N, Yamada S, Kobayashi T, Hibi T, Nakase H. Lipocalin 2 prevents intestinal inflammation by enhancing phagocytic bacterial clearance in macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35014. [PMID: 27734904 PMCID: PMC5062163 DOI: 10.1038/srep35014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), also called neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is an anti-microbial peptide originally identified in neutrophil granules. Although Lcn2/NGAL expression is increased in the inflamed intestinal tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, the role of Lcn2/NGAL in the development of intestinal inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of Lcn2/NGAL in intestinal inflammation using a spontaneous mouse colitis model, interleukin-10 knock out (IL-10 KO) mice. Lcn2 expression in the colonic tissues of IL-10 KO mice increased with the development of colitis. Lcn2/IL-10 double-KO mice showed a more rapid onset and development of colitis compared to IL-10 KO mice. Lcn2 enhanced phagocytic bacterial clearance in macrophages in vitro after infection with Escherichia coli. Transfer of Lcn2-repleted macrophages prevented the development of colitis in Lcn2/IL-10 double-KO mice in vivo. Our findings revealed that Lcn2 prevents the development of intestinal inflammation. One crucial factor seems to be the enhancement of phagocytic bacterial clearance in macrophages by Lcn2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Toyonaga
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honzawa
- Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Naoki Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology &Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Cappello M, Morreale GC. The Role of Laboratory Tests in Crohn's Disease. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016; 9:51-62. [PMID: 27656094 PMCID: PMC4991576 DOI: 10.4137/cgast.s38203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past, laboratory tests were considered of limited value in Crohn's disease (CD). In the era of biologics, laboratory tests have become essential to evaluate the inflammatory burden of the disease (C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin) since symptoms-based scores are subjective, to predict the response to pharmacological options and the risk of relapse, to discriminate CD from ulcerative colitis, to select candidates to anti-tumor necrosis factors [screening tests looking for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus status and latent tuberculosis], to assess the risk of adverse events (testing for thiopurine metabolites and thiopurine-methyltransferase activity), and to personalize and optimize therapy (therapeutic drug monitoring). Pharmacogenetics, though presently confined to the assessment of thiopurineme methyltransferase polymorphisms and hematological toxicity associated with thiopurine treatment, is a promising field that will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the variability in response to the drugs used in CD with the attempt to expand personalized care and precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cappello
- Senior Registrar in Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cristian Morreale
- Trainee in Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
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Yeoh BS, Aguilera Olvera R, Singh V, Xiao X, Kennett MJ, Joe B, Lambert JD, Vijay-Kumar M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase and Its Counter-Regulation by Dietary Iron and Lipocalin 2 in Murine Model of Gut Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:912-26. [PMID: 26968114 PMCID: PMC5848242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Green tea-derived polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been extensively studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in models of inflammatory bowel disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that EGCG can potently inhibit the proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase in vitro in a dose-dependent manner over a range of physiologic temperatures and pH values. The ability of EGCG to mediate its inhibitory activity is counter-regulated by the presence of iron and lipocalin 2. Spectral analysis indicated that EGCG prevents the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction by reverting the reactive peroxidase heme (compound I:oxoiron) back to its native inactive ferric state, possibly via the exchange of electrons. Further, administration of EGCG to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice significantly reduced the colonic myeloperoxidase activity and alleviated proinflammatory mediators associated with gut inflammation. However, the efficacy of EGCG against gut inflammation is diminished when orally coadministered with iron. These findings indicate that the ability of EGCG to inhibit myeloperoxidase activity is one of the mechanisms by which it exerts mucoprotective effects and that counter-regulatory factors such as dietary iron and luminal lipocalin 2 should be taken into consideration for optimizing clinical management strategies for inflammatory bowel disease with the use of EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joshua D Lambert
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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Singh V, Yeoh BS, Chassaing B, Zhang B, Saha P, Xiao X, Awasthi D, Shashidharamurthy R, Dikshit M, Gewirtz A, Vijay-Kumar M. Microbiota-inducible Innate Immune, Siderophore Binding Protein Lipocalin 2 is Critical for Intestinal Homeostasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:482-498.e6. [PMID: 27458605 PMCID: PMC4957954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein whose expression closely correlates with extent of intestinal inflammation. However, whether Lcn2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation is unknown. Herein, we investigated the extent to which Lcn2 regulates inflammation and gut bacterial dysbiosis in mouse models of IBD. METHODS Lcn2 expression was monitored in murine colitis models and upon microbiota ablation/restoration. WT and Lcn2 knockout (Lcn2KO) mice were analyzed for gut bacterial load, composition by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and, their colitogenic potential by co-housing with Il-10KO mice. Acute (dextran sodium sulfate) and chronic (IL-10R neutralization and T-cell adoptive transfer) colitis was induced in WT and Lcn2KO mice with or without antibiotics. RESULTS Lcn2 expression was dramatically induced upon inflammation and was dependent upon presence of a gut microbiota and MyD88 signaling. Use of bone-marrow chimeric mice revealed non-immune cells are the major contributors of circulating Lcn2. Lcn2KO mice exhibited elevated levels of entA-expressing gut bacteria burden and, moreover, a broadly distinct bacterial community relative to WT littermates. Lcn2KO mice developed highly colitogenic T-cells and exhibited exacerbated colitis upon exposure to DSS or neutralization of IL-10. Such exacerbated colitis could be prevented by antibiotic treatment. Moreover, exposure to the microbiota of Lcn2KO mice, via cohousing, resulted in severe colitis in Il-10KO mice. CONCLUSION Lcn2 is a bacterially-induced, MyD88-dependent, protein that play an important role in gut homeostasis and a pivotal role upon challenge. Hence, therapeutic manipulation of Lcn2 levels may provide a strategy to help manage diseases driven by alteration of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benyue Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Andrew Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Matam Vijay-Kumar, PhD, Department of Nutritional Sciences 222, Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. fax: (814) 863-6103.Department of Nutritional Sciences 222Chandlee LaboratoryThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802
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Kienzl-Wagner K, Moschen AR, Geiger S, Bichler A, Aigner F, Brandacher G, Pratschke J, Tilg H. The role of lipocalin-2 in liver regeneration. Liver Int 2015; 35:1195-202. [PMID: 25040147 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Various immune mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been implicated in the process of liver regeneration. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has been recently characterized as a prototypic immune mediator produced by various cell types being involved mainly in host defence. In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated its clinical value as a biomarker. This study aimed at defining the role of LCN2 in liver regeneration. METHODS We studied LCN2 expression in wild-type mice in a model of partial hepatectomy (PH). Furthermore, we evaluated liver regeneration after PH in LCN-deficient mice compared to littermate controls. Serum levels of LCN2 were assessed in a small group of patients undergoing hepatic resection. RESULTS LCN2 is dramatically induced in livers and sera of wild-type mice after PH, whereas liver LCN2-receptor expression was decreased. Sham operations did not affect hepatic and serum LCN2 expression. Although LCN2-deficient mice exhibited increased baseline liver expression indices, LCN2-deficient mice did not differ from wild-type mice with respect to hepatic proliferation suggesting that this molecule is not involved in hepatic repair. Only serum IL-1β levels were slightly lower in LCN(-/-) mice, whereas IL-6 serum levels did not differ between various tested animal groups. In humans undergoing hepatic resection, LCN2 levels increased significantly within 24 h following surgery. CONCLUSIONS LCN2, although massively induced in mice after PH, is not relevant in murine hepatic regeneration. Further, human studies have to define whether LCN2 could evolve as biomarker after liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kienzl-Wagner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Diverse functional roles of lipocalin-2 in the central nervous system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 49:135-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tcf3 promotes cell migration and wound repair through regulation of lipocalin 2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4088. [PMID: 24909826 PMCID: PMC4052366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an integral part of re-epithelialization during skin wound healing, a complex process involving molecular controls that are still largely unknown. Here we identify a novel role for Tcf3, an essential transcription factor regulating embryonic and adult skin stem cell functions, as a key effector of epidermal wound repair. We show that Tcf3 is upregulated in skin wounds and that Tcf3 overexpression accelerates keratinocyte migration and skin wound healing. We also identify Stat3 as an upstream regulator of Tcf3. We show that the pro-migration effects of Tcf3 are non-cell autonomous and occur independently of its ability to interact with β-catenin. Finally, we identify lipocalin-2 as the key secreted factor downstream of Tcf3 that promotes cell migration in vitro and wound healing in vivo. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular controls of wound-associated cell migration and identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of defective wound repair.
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Ye Z, Wang S, Yang Z, He M, Zhang S, Zhang W, Wen J, Li Q, Huang Y, Wang X, Lu B, Zhang Z, Su Q, Hu R. Serum lipocalin-2, cathepsin S and chemerin levels and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1317-23. [PMID: 24390241 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several novel circulating adipokines are associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. Little information exists in NAFLD about three recently recognized adipokines lipocalin-2, cathepsin S and chemerin. To assess the relationship between serum lipocalin-2, cathepsin S and chemerin levels and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in Chinese subjects, we measured serum lipocalin-2, cathepsin S and chemerin levels in 903 Chinese subjects by ELISA. Among the study population, 436 patients are with B-mode ultrasound-proven NAFLD and 467 controls. Levels of lipocalin-2, but not cathepsin S and chemerin, were significantly elevated in NAFLD versus control [lipocalin-2, 89.67 ± 4.47 vs. 68.70 ± 3.65 ng/mL (p < 0.001)]. After stepwise linear regression analysis adjusting for potential cofounders, further revealed that serum lipocalcin-2 was an independent predictor of NAFLD in whole cohort (standardized β = 0.114, t = 2.347, p = 0.02). Lipocalin-2 levels correlated with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and inflammation (CRP) in whole cohorts and NAFLD, whereas cathepsin S and chemerin only correlated positively with insulin resistance and inflammation in whole cohorts. Our results indicated that circulating lipocalin-2, produced by adipocytes, are elevated and may contribute to the development of NAFLD. Serum lipocalin-2, which correlates with inflammation and insulin resistance, may have a direct pathogenic link to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology at Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China,
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Wang YP, Yu GR, Lee MJ, Lee SY, Chu IS, Leem SH, Kim DG. Lipocalin-2 negatively modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma through the epidermal growth factor (TGF-beta1)/Lcn2/Twist1 pathway. Hepatology 2013; 58:1349-61. [PMID: 23696034 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is preferentially expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional role of Lcn2 in HCC progression is still poorly understood, particularly with respect to its involvement in invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Lcn2 is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC and to elucidate the underlying signaling pathway(s). Lcn2 was preferentially expressed in well-differentiated HCC versus liver cirrhosis tissues, and its expression was positively correlated with the stage of HCC. The characteristics of EMT were reversed by adenoviral transduction of Lcn2 into SH-J1 cells, including the down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin, and the concomitant up-regulation of CK8, CK18, and desmoplakin I/II. Knockdown of Lcn2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in HKK-2 cells expressing high levels of Lcn2 was associated with EMT. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) treatment resulted in down-regulation of Lcn2, accompanied by an increase in Twist1 expression and EMT in HCC cells. Stable Lcn2 expression in SH-J1 cells reduced Twist1 expression, inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in a mouse model. Furthermore, EGF or TGF-β1 treatment barely changed EMT marker expression in SH-J1 cells ectopically expressing Lcn2. Ectopic expression of Twist1 induced EMT marker expression even in cells expressing Lcn2, indicating that Lcn2 functions downstream of growth factors and upstream of Twist1. CONCLUSION Together, our findings indicate that Lcn2 can negatively modulate the EMT in HCC cells through an EGF (or TGF-β1)/Lcn2/Twist1 pathway. Thus, Lcn2 may be a candidate metastasis suppressor and a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Tung MC, Hsieh SC, Yang SF, Cheng CW, Tsai RT, Wang SC, Huang MH, Hsieh YH. Knockdown of lipocalin-2 suppresses the growth and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2013; 73:1281-90. [PMID: 23775308 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily, and it has an important role in the regulation of cellular oncogenesis and apoptosis. However, the role for LCN2 in prostate cancer remains unclear. METHOD LCN2 expression has been determined by Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry in the human prostate cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and 22Rv, and in human prostate tissue array. In this study, we identified shRNA-LCN2 to determine the role of LCN2 in prostate-cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cell proliferative ability was measured by MTT, colony-formation, and cell-cycle analysis. The role of LCN2 in prostate-cancer cell migration and invasion was analyzed by cell-migration assay and Matrigel invasion assay. The effect of LCN2 knockdown on prostate tumor growth was assessed in a subcutaneous xenograft model. RESULTS LCN2 protein and mRNA expression are higher in PC3 and DU145 cells than in LNCaP and 22Rv cells, and prostate cancer tissue correlated significantly with tumor differentiation (P < 0.017) and Gleason's grade (P < 0.02). LCN2 knockdown in PC3 and DU145 cells decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle arrest, migration, and invasion. Conversely, LCN2 overexpression in 22Rv cells produced the opposite effect. Subcutaneous xenografts in mice models showed decreased tumor growth in the LCN2-knockdown mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LCN2 might play an important role in regulation of proliferation and invasion of human prostate cancer, and that it can be a valuable marker of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Rychtrmoc D, Hubálková L, Víšková A, Libra A, Bunček M, Červinková Z. Transcriptome temporal and functional analysis of liver regeneration termination. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S77-92. [PMID: 23130906 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of liver regeneration studies still left the termination phase least elucidated. However regeneration ending mechanisms are clinicaly relevant. We aimed to analyse the timing and transcriptional control of the latest phase of liver regeneration, both controversial. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy with recovery lasting from 1 to 14 days. Time-series microarray data were assessed by innovative combination of hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis and validated by real-time RT-PCR. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis in agreement distinguished three temporal phases of liver regeneration. We found 359 genes specifically altered during late phase regeneration. Gene enrichment analysis and manual review of microarray data suggested five pathways worth further study: PPAR signalling pathway; lipid metabolism; complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades; ECM remodelling and xenobiotic biotransformation. Microarray findings pertinent for termination phase were substantiated by real-time RT-PCR. In conclusion, transcriptional profiling mapped late phase of liver regeneration beyond 5(th) day of recovery and revealed 5 pathways specifically acting at this time. Inclusion of longer post-surgery intervals brought improved coverage of regeneration time dynamics and is advisable for further works. Investigation into the workings of suggested pathways might prove helpful in preventing and managing liver tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rychtrmoc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Rau S, Schönermarck U, Jäger G, Stangl M, Guba M, Meiser B, Fischereder M, Habicht A. BK virus-associated nephropathy: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a new diagnostic tool? Clin Transplant 2013; 27:E184-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rau
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV; Nephrologisches Zentrum; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Ulf Schönermarck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV; Nephrologisches Zentrum; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Gundula Jäger
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut; Virologie; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Manfred Stangl
- Chirurgische Klinik; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Markus Guba
- Chirurgische Klinik; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Bruno Meiser
- Transplantationszentrum München; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Michael Fischereder
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV; Nephrologisches Zentrum; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Antje Habicht
- Transplantationszentrum München; Klinikum der Universität München; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
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Roszyk L, Sapin V. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) : caractéristiques immuno-analytiques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immbio.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Leung L, Radulovich N, Zhu CQ, Organ S, Bandarchi B, Pintilie M, To C, Panchal D, Tsao MS. Lipocalin2 promotes invasion, tumorigenicity and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46677. [PMID: 23056397 PMCID: PMC3464270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a small secreted protein and its elevated expression has been observed in pancreatic as well as other cancer types. LCN2 has been reported to promote resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, enhance invasion through its physical association with matrix metalloproteinase-9, and promote in vivo tumor growth. LCN2 was found to be commonly expressed in patient PDAC samples and its pattern of immunohistochemical staining intensified with increasing severity in high-grade precursor lesions. Downregulation of LCN2 in two pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (BxPC3 and HPAF-II) with high LCN2 expression significantly reduced attachment, invasion, and tumour growth in vivo, but not proliferation or motility. Downregulation of LCN2 in two pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (BxPC3 and HPAF-II) with high expression significantly reduced attachment, invasion, and tumour growth in vivo. In contrast, LCN2 overexpression in PANC1, with low endogenous expression, significantly increased invasion, attachment, and enhanced tumor growth. Suppression of LCN2 in BxPC3 and HPAF-II cells increased their sensitivity to gemcitabine in vitro, and in vivo when BxPC3 was tested. Furthermore, LCN2 promotes expression of VEGF and HIF1A which contribute to enhanced vascularity. These overall results demonstrate that LCN2 plays an important role in the malignant progression of pancreatic ductal carcinoma and is a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Leung
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikolina Radulovich
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chang-Qi Zhu
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawna Organ
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bizhan Bandarchi
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melania Pintilie
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine To
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Devang Panchal
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Sound Tsao
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Zhai L, Wang T, Kang K, Zhao Y, Shrotriya P, Nilsen-Hamilton M. An RNA aptamer-based microcantilever sensor to detect the inflammatory marker, mouse lipocalin-2. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8763-70. [PMID: 22946879 DOI: 10.1021/ac3020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is a biomarker for many inflammatory-based diseases, including acute kidney injury, cardiovascular stress, diabetes, and various cancers. Inflammatory transitions occur rapidly in kidney and cardiovascular disease, for which an in-line monitor could be beneficial. Microcantilever devices with aptamers as recognition elements can be effective and rapidly responsive sensors. Here, we have selected and characterized an RNA aptamer that specifically binds mouse Lcn2 (mLcn2) with a dissociation constant of 340 ± 70 nM in solution and 38 ± 22 nM when immobilized on a surface. The higher apparent affinity of the immobilized aptamer may result from its effective multivalency that decreases the off-rate. The aptamer competes with a catechol iron-siderophore, the natural ligand of mLcn2. This and the results of studies with mLcn2 mutants demonstrate that the aptamer binds to the siderophore binding pocket of the protein. A differential interferometer-based microcantilever sensor was developed with the aptamer as the recognition element in which the differential response between two adjacent cantilevers (a sensing/reference pair) is utilized to detect the binding between mLcn2 and the aptamer, ensuring that sensor response is independent of environmental influences, distance between sensing surface and detector and nonspecific binding. The system showed a detection limit of 4 nM. This novel microcantilever aptasensor has potential for development as an in-line monitoring system for mLcn2 in studies of animal models of acute diseases such as kidney and cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Chassaing B, Srinivasan G, Delgado MA, Young AN, Gewirtz AT, Vijay-Kumar M. Fecal lipocalin 2, a sensitive and broadly dynamic non-invasive biomarker for intestinal inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44328. [PMID: 22957064 PMCID: PMC3434182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has classically been defined histopathologically, especially by the presence of immune cell infiltrates. However, more recent studies suggest a role for "low-grade" inflammation in a variety of disorders ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer, which is defined by modest elevations in pro-inflammatory gene expression. Consequently, there is a need for cost-effective, non-invasive biomarkers that, ideally, would have the sensitivity to detect low-grade inflammation and have a dynamic range broad enough to reflect classic robust intestinal inflammation. Herein, we report that, for assessment of intestinal inflammation, fecal lipocalin 2 (Lcn-2), measured by ELISA, serves this purpose. Specifically, using a well-characterized mouse model of DSS colitis, we observed that fecal Lcn-2 and intestinal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, CXCL1, TNFα) are modestly but significantly induced by very low concentrations of DSS (0.25 and 0.5%), and become markedly elevated at higher concentrations of DSS (1.0 and 4.0%). As expected, careful histopathologic analysis noted only modest immune infiltrates at low DSS concentration and robust colitis at higher DSS concentrations. In accordance, increased levels of the neutrophil product myeloperoxidase (MPO) was only detected in mice given 1.0 and 4.0% DSS. In addition, fecal Lcn-2 marks the severity of spontaneous colitis development in IL-10 deficient mice. Unlike histopathology, MPO, and q-RT-PCR, the assay of fecal Lcn-2 requires only a stool sample, permits measurement over time, and can detect inflammation as early as 1 day following DSS administration. Thus, assay of fecal Lcn-2 by ELISA can function as a non-invasive, sensitive, dynamic, stable and cost-effective means to monitor intestinal inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Chassaing
- Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gayathri Srinivasan
- Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Delgado
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Grady Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew N. Young
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Grady Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Gewirtz
- Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Georgia State University, Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gaudineau B, Fougère M, Guaddachi F, Lemoine F, de la Grange P, Jauliac S. Lipocalin 2, the TNF-like receptor TWEAKR and its ligand TWEAK act downstream of NFAT1 to regulate breast cancer cell invasion. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4475-86. [PMID: 22767506 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.099879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NFAT1 is a transcription factor that elicits breast carcinoma cells to become invasive, thus contributing to metastasis. The molecular mechanisms by which NFAT1 operates in this respect are still poorly known. Here, we report that NFAT1 increases lipocalin 2 (LCN2) mRNA and protein expression by binding to specific sites in the LCN2 gene promoter region. We show that the LCN2 protein is required downstream of NFAT1 to increase breast cancer cell invasion. We demonstrate that the NFAT1-LCN2 axis is sufficient to regulate expression of the TNF-like receptor TWEAKR at the RNA level and of its ligand, TWEAK, at the protein level. We show, however, that TWEAKR mediates an anti-invasive effect in breast cancer cells whereas, depending on LCN2 expression, TWEAK has either anti- or pro-invasive capacities. Thus, we identify LCN2 and TWEAKR-TWEAK as crucial downstream effectors of NFAT1 that regulate breast cancer cell motility and invasive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Gaudineau
- CNRS UMR7212, INSERM U944, Université Paris Diderot, Institut d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
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Paragas N, Qiu A, Hollmen M, Nickolas TL, Devarajan P, Barasch J. NGAL-Siderocalin in kidney disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1451-8. [PMID: 22728330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kidney damage induces the expression of a myriad of proteins in the serum and in the urine. The function of these proteins in the sequence of damage and repair is now being studied in genetic models and by novel imaging techniques. One of the most intensely expressed proteins is lipocalin2, also called NGAL or Siderocalin. While this protein has been best studied by clinical scientists, only a few labs study its underlying metabolism and function in tissue damage. Structure-function studies, imaging studies and clinical studies have revealed that NGAL-Siderocalin is an endogenous antimicrobial with iron scavenging activity. This review discusses the "iron problem" of kidney damage, the tight linkage between kidney damage and NGAL-Siderocalin expression and the potential roles that NGAL-Siderocalin may serve in the defense of the urogenital system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Paragas
- College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Neutrophil priming by hypoxic preconditioning protects against epithelial barrier damage and enteric bacterial translocation in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. J Transl Med 2012; 92:783-96. [PMID: 22370946 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces mucosal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation (BT). Neutrophil-derived oxidative free radicals have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury in various organs, but their role in the bacteria-containing intestinal tract is debatable. Primed neutrophils are characterized by a faster and higher respiratory burst activity associated with more robust bactericidal effects on exposure to a second stimulus. Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) attenuates ischemic injury in brain, heart, lung and kidney; no reports were found in the gut. Our aim is to investigate whether neutrophil priming by HPC protects against intestinal I/R-induced barrier damage and bacterial influx. Rats were raised in normoxia (NM) or kept in a hypobaric hypoxic chamber (380 Torr) 17 h/day for 3 weeks for HPC, followed by sham operation or intestinal I/R. Gut permeability was determined by using an ex vivo macromolecular flux assay and an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging-based method. Liver and spleen homogenates were plated for bacterial culturing. Rats raised in HPC showed diminished levels of BT, and partially improved mucosal histopathology and epithelial barrier function compared with the NM groups after intestinal I/R. Augmented cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1 and -3 levels and myeloperoxidase activity correlated with enhanced infiltration of neutrophils in intestines of HPC-I/R compared with NM-I/R rats. HPC alone caused blood neutrophil priming, as shown by elevated production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide on stimulation, increased membrane translocation of cytosolic p47(phox) and p67(phox), as well as augmented bacterial-killing and phagocytotic activities. Neutrophil depletion reversed the mucosal protection by HPC, and aggravated intestinal leakiness and BT following I/R. In conclusion, neutrophil priming by HPC protects against I/R-induced BT via direct antimicrobial activity by oxidative respiratory bursts and through promotion of epithelial barrier integrity for luminal confinement of enteric bacteria.
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A lipocalin-derived Peptide modulating fibroblasts and extracellular matrix proteins. J Toxicol 2012; 2012:325250. [PMID: 22737165 PMCID: PMC3379166 DOI: 10.1155/2012/325250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin family members have been implicated in development, regeneration, and pathological processes, but their roles are unclear. Interestingly, these proteins are found abundant in the venom of the Lonomia obliqua caterpillar. Lipocalins are β-barrel proteins, which have three conserved motifs in their amino acid sequence. One of these motifs was shown to be a sequence signature involved in cell modulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a synthetic peptide comprising the lipocalin sequence motif in fibroblasts. This peptide suppressed caspase 3 activity and upregulated Bcl-2 and Ki-67, but did not interfere with GPCR calcium mobilization. Fibroblast responses also involved increased expression of proinflammatory mediators. Increase of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, fibronectin, and tenascin, was observed. Increase in collagen content was also observed in vivo. Results indicate that modulation effects displayed by lipocalins through this sequence motif involve cell survival, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cytokine signaling. Such effects can be related to the lipocalin roles in disease, development, and tissue repair.
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Melino M, Gadd VL, Walker GV, Skoien R, Barrie HD, Jothimani D, Horsfall L, Jones A, Sweet MJ, Thomas GP, Clouston AD, Jonsson JR, Powell EE. Macrophage secretory products induce an inflammatory phenotype in hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1732-44. [PMID: 22553397 PMCID: PMC3332286 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i15.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the influence of macrophages on hepatocyte phenotype and function.
METHODS: Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes via phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrophage-conditioned medium on HepG2 mRNA and protein expression determined. The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biopsies from 147 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
RESULTS: Conditioned media from macrophages, but not monocytes, induced a transient morphological change in hepatocytes associated with upregulation of vimentin (7.8 ± 2.5-fold, P = 0.045) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (2.6 ± 0.2-fold, P < 0.001) and downregulation of epithelial cadherin (1.7 ± 0.02-fold, P = 0.017) mRNA expression. Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of lipocalin-2 (17-fold, P < 0.001) and pathways associated with inflammation, and substantial downregulation of pathways related to hepatocyte function. In patients with chronic HCV, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lipocalin-2 mRNA (F0 1.0 ± 0.3, F1 2.2 ± 0.2, F2 3.0 ± 9.3, F3/4 4.0 ± 0.8, P = 0.003) and protein expression (F1 1.0 ± 0.5, F2 1.3 ± 0.4, F3/4 3.6 ± 0.4, P = 0.014) with increasing liver injury. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in macrophage-conditioned medium, and a chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuated the change in morphology and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 (2.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.04 ± 0.1, P < 0.001) in macrophage-conditioned media treated HepG2 cells. In patients with chronic HCV infection, hepatic mRNA expression of CD163 (F0 1.0 ± 0.2, F1/2 2.8 ± 0.3, F3/4 5.3 ± 1.0, P = 0.001) and MMP-9 (F0 1.0 ± 0.4, F1/2 2.8 ± 0.3, F3/4 4.1 ± 0.8, P = 0.011) was significantly associated with increasing stage of fibrosis.
CONCLUSION: Secreted macrophage products alter the phenotype and function of hepatocytes, with increased expression of inflammatory mediators, suggesting that hepatocytes actively participate in liver injury.
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