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Akiyama S, Sakamoto T, Kobayashi M, Matsubara D, Tsuchiya K. Clinical usefulness of hypoxia imaging colonoscopy for the objective measurement of ulcerative colitis disease activity. Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 99:1006-1016.e4. [PMID: 38184118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colonic mucosal hypoxia is associated with mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of hypoxia imaging colonoscopy for the evaluation of clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activities of UC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study comprised 100 consecutive patients with UC who underwent hypoxia imaging colonoscopy between September 2022 and September 2023 at the University of Tsukuba Hospital. Colonic tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured at the biopsy sites, and StO2 values between different disease activities were compared. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). RESULTS A significant correlation was identified between rectal StO2 and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, with moderate accuracy to predict bowel urgency at a 40.5% cutoff (AUROC, .74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .62-.87). Our analysis of 490 images showed median StO2 values for Mayo endoscopic subscores 0, 1, 2, and 3 as 52% (interquartile range [IQR], 48%-56%), 47% (IQR, 43%-52%), 42% (IQR, 38.8%-47%), and 39.5% (IQR, 37.3%-41.8%), respectively. Differences for all pairs were significant. Median StO2 was 49% (IQR, 44%-54%) for Geboes scores 0 to 2, significantly higher than histologically active disease (Geboes score ≥3). At a colonic StO2 cutoff of 45.5%, AUROCs for endoscopically and histologically active diseases were .79 (95% CI, .74-.84) and .72 (95% CI, .66-.77). CONCLUSIONS StO2 obtained by hypoxia imaging colonoscopy is useful for assessing clinical, endoscopic, and histologic activities of UC, suggesting that StO2 may be a novel and objective endoscopic measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taku Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mariko Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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2
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Regensburger AP, Eckstein M, Wetzl M, Raming R, Paulus LP, Buehler A, Nedoschill E, Danko V, Jüngert J, Wagner AL, Schnell A, Rückel A, Rother U, Rompel O, Uder M, Hartmann A, Neurath MF, Woelfle J, Waldner MJ, Hoerning A, Knieling F. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography enables assessment of disease activity in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 35:100578. [PMID: 38144890 PMCID: PMC10746560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) allows non-invasive molecular disease activity assessment in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this prospective pilot-study, we investigated, whether increased levels of MSOT haemoglobin parameters corresponded to inflammatory activity in paediatric IBD patients, too. 23 children with suspected IBD underwent MSOT of the terminal ileum and sigmoid colon with standard validation (e.g. endoscopy). In Crohn`s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with endoscopically confirmed disease activity, MSOT total haemoglobin (HbT) signals were increased in the terminal ileum of CD (72.1 ± 13.0 a.u. vs. 32.9 ± 15.4 a.u., p = 0.0049) and in the sigmoid colon of UC patients (62.9 ± 13.8 a.u. vs. 35.1 ± 16.3 a.u., p = 0.0311) as compared to controls, respectively. Furthermore, MSOT haemoglobin parameters correlated well with standard disease activity assessment (e.g. SES-CD and MSOT HbT (rs =0.69, p = 0.0075). Summarizing, MSOT is a novel technology for non-invasive molecular disease activity assessment in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian P. Regensburger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wetzl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Raming
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars-Philip Paulus
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian Buehler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Nedoschill
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Danko
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Jüngert
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra L. Wagner
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnell
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Rückel
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rother
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Rompel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- Department of Medicine 1 and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Paediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI-Lab), Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Dokmak A, Sweigart B, Orekondy NS, Jangi S, Weinstock JV, Hamdeh S, Kochar GS, Shen B, Levy AN. Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:120-130. [PMID: 37682003 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) delivers 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber, increasing tissue oxygen levels and regulating inflammatory pathways. Mounting evidence suggests that HBOT may be effective for inflammatory bowel disease. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy and safety of HBOT in fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the EMBASE, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases according to the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses" criteria. Study bias was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. RESULTS Sixteen studies with 164 patients were included in the analysis. For all fistula subtypes, the pooled overall clinical response was 87% (95% CI: 0.70-0.95, I2 = 0) and the pooled clinical remission was 59% (95% CI: 0.35-0.80, I2 = 0). The overall clinical response was 89%, 84%, and 29% for perianal, enterocutaneous, and rectovaginal fistulas, respectively. On meta-regression, hours in the chamber and the number of HBOT sessions were not found to correlate with clinical response. The pooled number of adverse events was low at 51.7 per 10,000 HBOT sessions for all fistula types (95% CI: 16.8-159.3, I2 = 0). The risk of bias was observed across all studies. CONCLUSION HBOT is a safe and potentially effective treatment option for fistulizing CD. Randomized control trials are needed to substantiate the benefit of HBOT in fistulizing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Dokmak
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Catholic Medical Center, Manchester, NH
| | | | | | - Sushrut Jangi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shadi Hamdeh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
| | - Gursimran S Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bo Shen
- Center for Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Alexander N Levy
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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4
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Valle-Noguera A, Sancho-Temiño L, Castillo-González R, Villa-Gómez C, Gomez-Sánchez MJ, Ochoa-Ramos A, Yagüe-Fernández P, Soler Palacios B, Zorita V, Raposo-Ponce B, González-Granado JM, Aragonés J, Cruz-Adalia A. IL-18-induced HIF-1α in ILC3s ameliorates the inflammation of C. rodentium-induced colitis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113508. [PMID: 38019650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are vital for defending tissue barriers from invading pathogens. Hypoxia influences the production of intestinal ILC3-derived cytokines by activating HIF. Yet, the mechanisms governing HIF-1α in ILC3s and other innate RORγt+ cells during in vivo infections are poorly understood. In our study, transgenic mice with specific Hif-1a gene inactivation in innate RORγt+ cells (RAG1KO HIF-1α▵Rorc) exhibit more severe colitis following Citrobacter rodentium infection, primarily due to the inability to upregulate IL-22. We find that HIF-1α▵Rorc mice have impaired IL-22 production in ILC3s, while non-ILC3 innate RORγt+ cells, also capable of producing IL-22, remain unaffected. Furthermore, we show that IL-18, induced by Toll-like receptor 2, selectively triggers IL-22 in ILC3s by transcriptionally upregulating HIF-1α, revealing an oxygen-independent regulatory pathway. Our results highlight that, during late-stage C. rodentium infection, IL-18 induction in the colon promotes IL-22 through HIF-1α in ILC3s, which is crucial for protection against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valle-Noguera
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Sancho-Temiño
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Villa-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gomez-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Ochoa-Ramos
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Soler Palacios
- Department of Immunology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Zorita
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José María González-Granado
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Hospital Santa Cristina, Fundación de Investigación Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Hall CHT, Lanis JM, Dowdell AS, Murphy EM, Bhagavatula G, Neuhart RM, Vijaya Sai KY, Colgan SP. Fundamental role for the creatine kinase pathway in protection from murine colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:817-825. [PMID: 37716510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract, including inflammatory bowel disease, cause metabolic stress within mucosal tissue. Creatine is a key energetic regulator. We previously reported a loss of creatine kinases (CKs) and the creatine transporter expression in inflammatory bowel disease patient intestinal biopsy samples and that creatine supplementation was protective in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mouse model. In the present studies, we evaluated the role of CK loss in active inflammation using the DSS colitis model. Mice lacking expression of CK brain type/CK mitochondrial form (CKdKO) showed increased susceptibility to DSS colitis (weight loss, disease activity, permeability, colon length, and histology). In a broad cytokine profiling, CKdKO mice expressed near absent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels. We identified losses in IFN-γ production from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from CKdKO mice. Addback of IFN-γ during DSS treatment resulted in partial protection for CKdKO mice. Extensions of these studies identified basal stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor in CKdKO splenocytes and pharmacological stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor resulted in reduced IFN-γ production by control splenocytes. Thus, the loss of IFN-γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in CKdKO mice resulted in increased colitis susceptibility and indicates that CK is protective in active mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H T Hall
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alexander S Dowdell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Rocky Mountain Veterans Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily M Murphy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Geetha Bhagavatula
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rane M Neuhart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kiranmayee Yenugudhati Vijaya Sai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Rocky Mountain Veterans Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Rocky Mountain Veterans Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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6
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Guo X, Xu J, Huang C, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhu M, Wang J, Nie Y, Xu H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y. Rapamycin extenuates experimental colitis by modulating the gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2130-2141. [PMID: 37916431 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Autophagy and gut microbiota correlates closely with the inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we aimed to study the roles of rapamycin on the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Acute colitis was induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution in mice. Mice were administered with rapamycin or hydroxychloroquine. Weight loss, disease activity index scores, histopathological score, serum inflammatory cytokines, intestinal permeability, and colonic autophagy-related proteins were detected. Cecal content was also preserved in liquid nitrogen and subsequently analyzed following the 16S DNA sequencing. The antibiotic cocktail-induced microbiome depletion was performed to further investigate the relationship between autophagy activation and gut microbiota. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the colonic autophagy-related proteins of P62, mTOR, and p-mTOR increased significantly, while the levels of LC3B and ATG16L1 decreased (all P < 0.05) in the model group. After rapamycin intervention, the colonic pathology of mice improved, while the disease activity index score decreased substantially; the colon length increased, and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased. Following hydroxychloroquine treatment, some indicators suggested aggravation of colitis. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the DSS group was located on a separate branch from the rapamycin group but was closer to the hydroxychloroquine group. Compared with the DSS group, the rapamycin group was associated with higher abundances of f_Lactobacillaceae (P = 0.0151), f_Deferribacteraceae (P = 0.0290), g_Lactobacillus (P = 0.0151), g_Mucispirillum (P = 0.0137), s_Lactobacillus_reuteri (P = 0.0028), and s_Clostridium_sp_Culture_Jar-13 (P = 0.0082) and a lower abundance of s_Bacteroides_sartorii (P = 0.0180). Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that rapamycin increased the abundances of Lactobacillus-reuteri, Prevotellaceae, Paraprevotella, Christensenella and Streptococcus and decreased those of Peptostreptococcaceae and Romboutsia Bacteroides-sartorii. Besides, the improvement effect of autophagy activation on colitis disappears following gut microbiome depletion. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of rapamycin on extenuating experimental colitis may be related to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Ornelas A, Welch N, Countess JA, Zhou L, Wang RX, Dowdell AS, Colgan SP. Mimicry of microbially-derived butyrate reveals templates for potent intestinal epithelial HIF stabilizers. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2267706. [PMID: 37822087 PMCID: PMC10572066 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2267706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate (BA), have multiple beneficial health effects. In the colon, BA concentrations range from 10 to 20 mM and up to 95% is utilized as energy by the mucosa. BA plays a key role in epithelial-barrier regulation and anti-inflammation, and regulates cell growth and differentiation, at least in part, due to its direct influence on stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). It remains unclear whether BA is the optimal metabolite for such a response. In this study, we explored metabolite mimicry as an attractive strategy for the biological response to HIF. We discovered that 4-mercapto butyrate (MBA) stabilizes HIF more potently and has a longer biological half-life than BA in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We validated the MBA-mediated HIF transcriptional activity through the induction of classic HIF gene targets in IECs and enhanced epithelial barrier formation in vitro. In-vivo studies with MBA revealed systemic HIF stabilization in mice, which was more potent than its parent BA metabolite. Mechanistically, we found that MBA enhances oxygen consumption and that the sulfhydryl group is essential for HIF stabilization, but exclusively as a four-carbon SCFA. These findings reveal a combined biochemical mechanism for HIF stabilization and provide a foundation for the discovery of potent metabolite-like scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ornelas
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nichole Welch
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Veterans Association, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob A. Countess
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liheng Zhou
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth X. Wang
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexander S. Dowdell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Veterans Association, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Veterans Association, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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DeMichele E, Sosnowski O, Buret AG, Allain T. Regulatory Functions of Hypoxia in Host-Parasite Interactions: A Focus on Enteric, Tissue, and Blood Protozoa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1598. [PMID: 37375100 PMCID: PMC10303274 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Body tissues are subjected to various oxygenic gradients and fluctuations and hence can become transiently hypoxic. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master transcriptional regulator of the cellular hypoxic response and is capable of modulating cellular metabolism, immune responses, epithelial barrier integrity, and local microbiota. Recent reports have characterized the hypoxic response to various infections. However, little is known about the role of HIF activation in the context of protozoan parasitic infections. Growing evidence suggests that tissue and blood protozoa can activate HIF and subsequent HIF target genes in the host, helping or hindering their pathogenicity. In the gut, enteric protozoa are adapted to steep longitudinal and radial oxygen gradients to complete their life cycle, yet the role of HIF during these protozoan infections remains unclear. This review focuses on the hypoxic response to protozoa and its role in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. We also discuss how hypoxia modulates host immune responses in the context of protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily DeMichele
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Olivia Sosnowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thibault Allain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (E.D.); (O.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Hall CH, Lanis JM, Dowdell AS, Murphy EM, Colgan SP. Fundamental role for the creatine kinase pathway in protection from murine colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544110. [PMID: 37333192 PMCID: PMC10274769 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cause metabolic stress within mucosal tissue. Creatine is a key energetic regulator. We previously reported a loss of creatine kinases (CKs) and the creatine transporter expression in IBD patient intestinal biopsy samples and that creatine supplementation was protective in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mouse model. In the present studies, we evaluated the role of CK loss in active inflammation using the DSS colitis model. Mice lacking expression of CKB/CKMit (CKdKO) showed increased susceptibility to DSS colitis (weight loss, disease activity, permeability, colon length and histology). In a broad cytokine profiling, CKdKO mice expressed near absent IFN-γ levels. We identified losses in IFN-γ production from CD4 + and CD8 + T cells isolated from CKdKO mice. Addback of IFN-γ during DSS treatment resulted in partial protection for CKdKO mice. We identified basal stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in CKdKO splenocytes and pharmacological stabilization of HIF resulted in reduced IFN-γ production by control splenocytes. Thus, the loss of IFN-γ production by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in CKdKO mice resulted in increased colitis susceptibility and indicates that CK is protective in active mucosal inflammation.
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10
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Tamir-Degabli N, Maharshak N, Cohen NA. Salvage Therapy in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Current Practice and a Look to the Future. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:576-583. [PMID: 37303244 PMCID: PMC10441136 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The risk of urgent bowel resection increases significantly among patients hospitalized with acute severe ulcerative colitis. In-hospital management requires quick diagnostic, therapeutic, and decision-making, combined with a multi-disciplinary approach and accessibility to multiple therapeutic options. However, the optimal strategy is still debatable. We performed a review of the current options for salvage therapy as well as novel therapy options emerging. We reviewed studies reporting outcomes of hospitalized steroid-refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis treated with salvage therapy (calcineurin inhibitors, infliximab) as well as studies using novel biologic, small molecules, antibiotics, and artificial intelligence to optimize therapy. We collected statistical data about patient factors that impact clinical management and how these can be applied to the real-life practice in order to prescribe a more personalized medicine. Several new drugs and approaches have shown benefits during the last decades for the management of acute severe ulcerative colitis. This effort is driven by the necessity of more effective, safe, and rapidly active therapeutic options with better convenient routes of administration, in order to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life for patients. The next step will be tailored medicine according to patients' profiles, taking into account disease characteristics, laboratory parameters, and patients' preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Tamir-Degabli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathaniel A. Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Colgan SP, Wang RX, Hall CH, Bhagavatula G, Lee JS. Revisiting the "starved gut" hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e0016. [PMID: 36644501 PMCID: PMC9831042 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Active episodes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, coincide with profound shifts in the composition of the microbiota and host metabolic energy demand. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) that line the small intestine and colon serve as an initial point for contact for the microbiota and play a central role in innate immunity. In the 1980s, Roediger et al proposed the hypothesis that IBD represented a disease of diminished mucosal nutrition and energy deficiency ("starved gut") that strongly coincided with the degree of inflammation. These studies informed the scientific community about the important contribution of microbial-derived metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate, to overall energy homeostasis. Decades later, it is appreciated that disease-associated shifts in the microbiota, termed dysbiosis, places inordinate demands on energy acquisition within the mucosa, particularly during active inflammation. Here, we review the topic of tissue energetics in mucosal health and disease from the original perspective of that proposed by the starved gut hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Veterans Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth X. Wang
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caroline H.T. Hall
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Geetha Bhagavatula
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J. Scott Lee
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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12
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Dou X, Zhang B, Qiao L, Song X, Pi S, Chang J, Zhang X, Zeng X, Zhu L, Xu C. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 Alleviate Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in C57BL/6 Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03513-y. [PMID: 36469280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude will cause different tissue and organ damage over a long period of time. Studies have shown that hypobaric hypoxia can cause severe primary intestinal barrier dysfunction, and then cause multiple organ dysfunction. Our previous research showed that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesized by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) can effectively alleviate intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of biological SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 on intestinal barrier function in acute hypobaric hypoxic stress mice. The results showed that compared with the hypobaric hypoxic, the SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 by oral administration could effectively alleviate the shortening of intestinal villi, which decreased the level of diamine oxidase (DAO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the expression level of tight junction protein in ileum was increased. In addition, SeNPs significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cyclooxygenase (COX-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibit the increase of hypoxia related factor. SeNPs effectively regulate the intestinal microecology disorder caused by hypobaric hypoxia stress, and maintain the intestinal microecology balance. In addition, oral administration of SeNPs had better protective effect on intestinal barrier function of mice under hypobaric hypoxia stress. These results suggested that SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively alleviate the damage of intestinal barrier function under acute hypobaric hypoxic stress, which may be closely related to the antioxidant activity of SeNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaofan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Shanyao Pi
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaonan Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lixu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyixi Road Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
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13
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Mu C, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hao X. Procyanidins regulate colonic metabolome, inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity in lambs fed a high‐concentrate diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntang Mu
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Xuanzi Zhang
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
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14
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Harlan NP, Roberts J, Siegel C, Buckey JC. Hyperbaric Oxygen as Successful Monotherapy for a Severe Ulcerative Colitis Flare. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1474-1475. [PMID: 35771656 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Lay Summary
This report presents a case of severe ulcerative colitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen as successful monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole P Harlan
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jane Roberts
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Corey Siegel
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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15
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Imenez Silva PH, Câmara NO, Wagner CA. Role of proton-activated G protein-coupled receptors in pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C400-C414. [PMID: 35759438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Local acidification is a common feature of many disease processes such as inflammation, infarction, or solid tumor growth. Acidic pH is not merely a sequelae of disease but contributes to recruitment and regulation of immune cells, modifies metabolism of parenchymal, immune and tumor cells, modulates fibrosis, vascular permeability, oxygen availability and consumption, invasiveness of tumor cells, and impacts on cell survival. Thus, multiple pH-sensing mechanisms must exist in cells involved in these processes. These pH-sensors play important roles in normal physiology and pathophysiology, and hence might be attractive targets for pharmacological interventions. Among the pH-sensing mechanisms, OGR1 (GPR68), GPR4 (GPR4), and TDAG8 (GPR65) have emerged as important molecules. These G protein-coupled receptors are widely expressed, are upregulated in inflammation and tumors, sense changes in extracellular pH in the range between pH 8 and 6, and are involved in modulating key processes in inflammation, tumor biology, and fibrosis. This review discusses key features of these receptors and highlights important disease states and pathways affected by their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
| | - Niels Olsen Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Switzerland
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16
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Gonzalez CG, Mills RH, Kordahi MC, Carrillo-Terrazas M, Secaira-Morocho H, Widjaja CE, Tsai MS, Mittal Y, Yee BA, Vargas F, Weldon K, Gauglitz JM, Delaroque C, Sauceda C, Rossitto LA, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Swafford AD, Siegel CA, Buckey JC, Raffals LE, Sadler C, Lindholm P, Fisch KM, Valaseck M, Suriawinata A, Yeo GW, Ghosh P, Chang JT, Chu H, Dorrestein P, Zhu Q, Chassaing B, Knight R, Gonzalez DJ, Dulai PS. The Host-Microbiome Response to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:35-53. [PMID: 35378331 PMCID: PMC9117812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a promising treatment for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. However, our current understanding of the host and microbial response to HBOT remains unclear. This study examined the molecular mechanisms underpinning HBOT using a multi-omic strategy. METHODS Pre- and post-intervention mucosal biopsies, tissue, and fecal samples were collected from HBOT phase 2 clinical trials. Biopsies and fecal samples were subjected to shotgun metaproteomics, metabolomics, 16s rRNA sequencing, and metagenomics. Tissue was subjected to bulk RNA sequencing and digital spatial profiling (DSP) for single-cell RNA and protein analysis, and immunohistochemistry was performed. Fecal samples were also used for colonization experiments in IL10-/- germ-free UC mouse models. RESULTS Proteomics identified negative associations between HBOT response and neutrophil azurophilic granule abundance. DSP identified an HBOT-specific reduction of neutrophil STAT3, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. HBOT decreased microbial diversity with a proportional increase in Firmicutes and a secondary bile acid lithocholic acid. A major source of the reduction in diversity was the loss of mucus-adherent taxa, resulting in increased MUC2 levels post-HBOT. Targeted database searching revealed strain-level associations between Akkermansia muciniphila and HBOT response status. Colonization of IL10-/- with stool obtained from HBOT responders resulted in lower colitis activity compared with non-responders, with no differences in STAT3 expression, suggesting complementary but independent host and microbial responses. CONCLUSIONS HBOT reduces host neutrophil STAT3 and azurophilic granule activity in UC patients and changes in microbial composition and metabolism in ways that improve colitis activity. Intestinal microbiota, especially strain level variations in A muciniphila, may contribute to HBOT non-response.
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Key Words
- bclxl, b-cell lymphoma-extra large
- bim, bcl-2 interacting protein
- dsp, digital spatial profiling
- fdr, false discovery rate
- hbot, hyperbaric oxygen therapy
- hif, hypoxia inducible factor
- il, interleukin
- lca, lithocholic acid
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- ms, mass spectrometry
- nlrp3, nod-, lrr- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3
- roi, regions of interest
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- stat3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- tmt, tandem mass tag
- uc, ulcerative colitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Robert H Mills
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Melissa C Kordahi
- INSERM U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marvic Carrillo-Terrazas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Henry Secaira-Morocho
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona; Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Christella E Widjaja
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Matthew S Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Yash Mittal
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Brian A Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kelly Weldon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Julia M Gauglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Clara Delaroque
- INSERM U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Leigh-Ana Rossitto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Gregory Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Austin D Swafford
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Corey A Siegel
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Laura E Raffals
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Charlotte Sadler
- Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Peter Lindholm
- Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Mark Valaseck
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Arief Suriawinata
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - John T Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pieter Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona; Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", CNRS UMR 8104, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Parambir S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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17
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Wang S, Huang J, Tan KS, Deng L, Liu F, Tan W. Isosteviol Sodium Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Chronic Colitis through the Regulation of Metabolic Profiling, Macrophage Polarization, and NF- κB Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4636618. [PMID: 35126813 PMCID: PMC8813272 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4636618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) constitute a group of chronic intestinal conditions prominently featuring deranged metabolism. Effective pharmacological treatments for IBDs are lacking. Isosteviol sodium (STV-Na) exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may offer therapeutic benefits in chronic colitis. However, the associated mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the therapeutic effects of STV-Na against chronic colitis in terms of metabolic reprogramming and macrophage polarization. Results show that STV-Na attenuated weight loss and colonic pathological damage and restored the hematological and biochemical parameters in chronic colitis mice models. STV-Na also restored intestinal permeability by increasing the goblet cell numbers, which was accompanied by lowered plasma lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels. Metabolomic analysis highlighted 102 candidate biomarkers and 5 vital pathways that may be crucial in the potential pharmacological mechanism of STV-Na in regulating intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. These pathways were glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism. Furthermore, STV-Na significantly decreased M1 macrophage polarization in the spleen and colon. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB/p65 in colonic tissue from the colitis mice were decreased after the STV-Na treatment. Overall, STV-Na could alleviate chronic colitis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation levels, reprogramming the metabolic profile, inhibiting macrophage polarization, and suppressing the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. STV-Na remains a promising candidate drug for treating IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanping Wang
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiandong Huang
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keai Sinn Tan
- 2College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- 3Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd., Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China
| | - Liangjun Deng
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Liu
- 1Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen Tan
- 3Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd., Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 51900, China
- 4Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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18
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Yin Y, Zhu ZX, Li Z, Chen YS, Zhu WM. Role of mesenteric component in Crohn’s disease: A friend or foe? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:1536-1549. [PMID: 35070062 PMCID: PMC8727179 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex and relapsing gastrointestinal disease with mesenteric alterations. The mesenteric neural, vascular, and endocrine systems actively take part in the gut dysbiosis-adaptive immunity-mesentery-body axis, and this axis has been proven to be bidirectional. The abnormalities of morphology and function of the mesenteric component are associated with intestinal inflammation and disease progress of CD via responses to afferent signals, neuropeptides, lymphatic drainage, adipokines, and functional cytokines. The hypertrophy of mesenteric adipose tissue plays important roles in the pathogenesis of CD by secreting large amounts of adipokines and representing a rich source of proinflammatory or profibrotic cytokines. The vascular alteration, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, is concomitant in the disease course of CD. Of note, the enlarged and obstructed lymphatic vessels, which have been described in CD patients, are likely related to the early onset submucosa edema and being a cause of CD. The function of mesenteric lymphatics is influenced by endocrine of mesenteric nerves and adipocytes. Meanwhile, the structure of the mesenteric lymphatic vessels in hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue is mispatterned and ruptured, which can lead to lymph leakage. Leaky lymph factors can in turn stimulate adipose tissue to proliferate and effectively elicit an immune response. The identification of the role of mesentery and the crosstalk between mesenteric tissues in intestinal inflammation may shed light on understanding the underlying mechanism of CD and help explore new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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19
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Harjacek M. Immunopathophysiology of Juvenile Spondyloarthritis (jSpA): The "Out of the Box" View on Epigenetics, Neuroendocrine Pathways and Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF). Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:700982. [PMID: 34692718 PMCID: PMC8526544 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.700982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile spondyloarthritis (jSpA) is a an umbrella term for heterogeneous group of related seronegative inflammatory disorders sharing common symptoms. Although it mainly affects children and adolescents, it often remains active during adulthood. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in its occurrence, although the exact underlying immunopathophysiology remains incompletely elucidated. Accumulated evidence suggests that, in affected patients, subclinical gut inflammation caused by intestinal dysbiosis, is pivotal to the future development of synovial-entheseal complex inflammation. While the predominant role of IL17/23 axis, TNF-α, and IL-7 in the pathophysiology of SpA, including jSpA, is firmly established, the role of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is generally overlooked. The purpose of this review is to discuss and emphasize the role of epigenetics, neuroendocrine pathways and the hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis, and to propose a novel hypothesis of the role of decreased NLRP3 gene expression and possibly MIF in the early phases of jSpA development. The decreased NLRP3 gene expression in the latter, due to hypomethylation of promotor site, is (one of) the cause for inflammasome malfunction leading to gut dysbiosis observed in patients with early jSpA. In addition, we highlight the role of MIF in the complex innate, adaptive cellular and main effector cytokine network, Finally, since treatment of advanced bone pathology in SpA remains an unmet clinical need, I suggest possible new drug targets with the aim to ultimately improve treatment efficacy and long-term outcome of jSpA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Harjacek
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Zaiatz Bittencourt V, Jones F, Doherty G, Ryan EJ. Targeting Immune Cell Metabolism in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1684-1693. [PMID: 33693743 PMCID: PMC8522790 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the immune system are highly dynamic, constantly sensing and adapting to changes in their surroundings. Complex metabolic pathways govern leukocytes' ability to fine-tune their responses to external threats. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and hypoxia inducible factor are important hubs of these pathways and play a critical role coordinating cell activation and proliferation and cytokine production. For this reason, these molecules are attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Insight into perturbations in immune cell metabolic pathways and their impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression are starting to emerge. However, it remains to be determined whether the aberrations in immune metabolism that occur in gut resident immune cells contribute to disease pathogenesis or are reflected in the peripheral blood of patients with IBD. In this review, we explore what is known about the metabolic profile of T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in IBD and discuss the potential of manipulating immune cell metabolism as a novel approach to treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zaiatz Bittencourt
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Jones
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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21
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Konjar Š, Pavšič M, Veldhoen M. Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179170. [PMID: 34502078 PMCID: PMC8431628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO2), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Konjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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22
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Wang C, Dang T, Baste J, Anil Joshi A, Bhushan A. A novel standalone microfluidic device for local control of oxygen tension for intestinal-bacteria interactions. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21291. [PMID: 33506497 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001600rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal environment is unique because it supports the intestinal epithelial cells under a normal oxygen environment and the microbiota under an anoxic environment. Due to importance of understanding the interactions between the epithelium and the microbiota, there is a strong need for developing representative and simple experimental models. Current approaches do not capture the partitioned oxygen environment, require external anaerobic chambers, or are complex. Another major limitation is that with the solutions that can mimic this oxygen environment, the oxygenation level of the epithelial cells is not known, raising the question whether the cells are hypoxic or not. We report standalone microfluidic devices that form a partitioned oxygen environment without the use of an external anaerobic chamber or oxygen scavengers to coculture intestinal epithelial and bacterial cells. By changing the thickness of the device cover, the oxygen tension in the chamber was modulated. We verified the oxygen levels using several tests: microscale oxygen sensitive sensors which were integrated within the devices, immunostaining of Caco-2 cells to determine hypoxia levels, and genetically encoded bacteria to visualize the growth. Collectively, these methods monitored oxygen concentrations in the devices more comprehensively than previous reports and allowed for control of oxygen tension to match the requirements of both intestinal cells and anaerobic bacteria. Our experimental model is supported by the mathematical model that considered diffusion of oxygen into the top chamber. This allowed us to experimentally determine the oxygen consumption rate of the intestinal epithelial cells under perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thao Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasmine Baste
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Advait Anil Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Skovdahl HK, Gopalakrishnan S, Svendsen TD, Granlund AVB, Bakke I, Ginbot ZG, Thorsvik S, Flatberg A, Sporsheim B, Ostrop J, Mollnes TE, Sandvik AK, Bruland T. Patient Derived Colonoids as Drug Testing Platforms-Critical Importance of Oxygen Concentration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679741. [PMID: 34054553 PMCID: PMC8156408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging, with a series of available drugs each helping only a fraction of patients. Patients may face time-consuming drug trials while the disease is active, thus there is an unmet need for biomarkers and assays to predict drug effect. It is well known that the intestinal epithelium is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, exhibiting physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions. One promising test system to study effects of existing or emerging IBD treatments targeting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is intestinal organoids (“mini-guts”). However, the fact that healthy intestinal epithelium is in a physiologically hypoxic state has largely been neglected, and studies with intestinal organoids are mainly performed at oxygen concentration of 20%. We hypothesized that lowering the incubator oxygen level from 20% to 2% would recapitulate better the in vivo physiological environment of colonic epithelial cells and enhance the translational value of intestinal organoids as a drug testing platform. In the present study we examine the effects of the key IBD cytokines and drug targets TNF/IL17 on human colonic organoids (colonoids) under atmospheric (20%) or reduced (2%) O2. We show that colonoids derived from both healthy controls and IBD-patients are viable and responsive to IBD-relevant cytokines at 2% oxygen. Because chemokine release is one of the important immunoregulatory traits of the epithelium that may be fine-tuned by IBD-drugs, we also examined chemokine expression and release at different oxygen concentrations. We show that chemokine responses to TNF/IL17 in organoids display similarities to inflamed epithelium in IBD-patients. However, inflammation-associated genes induced by TNF/IL17 were attenuated at low oxygen concentration. We detected substantial oxygen-dependent differences in gene expression in untreated as well as TNF/IL17 treated colonoids in all donors. Further, for some of the IBD-relevant cytokines differences between colonoids from healthy controls and IBD patients were more pronounced in 2% O2 than 20% O2. Our results strongly indicate that an oxygen concentration similar to the in vivo epithelial cell environment is of essence in experimental pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kolstad Skovdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shreya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tarjei Dahl Svendsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zekarias G Ginbot
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Thorsvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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The role of mucosal barriers in human gut health. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:325-341. [PMID: 33890250 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is continuously exposed to a large number of commensal or pathogenic microbiota and foreign food antigens. The intestinal epithelium forms a dynamic physicochemical barrier to maintain immune homeostasis. To efficiently absorb nutrients from food, the epithelium in the small intestine has thin, permeable layers spread over a vast surface area. Epithelial cells are renewed from the crypt toward the villi, accompanying epithelial cell death and shedding, to control bacterial colonization. Tight junction and adherens junction proteins provide epithelial cell-cell integrity. Microbial signals are recognized by epithelial cells via toll-like receptors. Environmental signals from short-chain fatty acids derived from commensal microbiota metabolites, aryl hydrocarbon receptors, and hypoxia-induced factors fortify gut barrier function. Here we summarize recent findings regarding various environmental factors for gut barrier function. Further, we discuss the role of gut barriers in the pathogenesis of human intestinal disease and the challenges of therapeutic strategies targeting gut barrier restoration.
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25
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Tian Q, Bravo Iniguez A, Sun Q, Wang H, Du M, Zhu MJ. Dietary Alpha-Ketoglutarate Promotes Epithelial Metabolic Transition and Protects against DSS-Induced Colitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000936. [PMID: 33547710 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE As a natural compound in foods, alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) is one of the key metabolites maintaining energy homeostasis. This study examines the beneficial effects of dietary aKG against the development of experimental colitis and further explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice receive drinking water with or without 1% aKG for 4 weeks. At week 3, colitis is induced by 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days followed by 7 days recovery. Dietary aKG supplementation decreases DSS-induced body weight loss, gross bleeding, fecal consistency score, and disease activity index. In agreement, aKG supplementation restores DSS-associated colon shortening, ameliorated mucosal damage, and macrophage infiltration into colonic tissue, which are associated with suppressed gut inflammation and Wnt signaling, and improved epithelial structure. Consistently, aKG supplementation enhances M1 to M2 macrophage polarization and strengthens intestinal barrier function. Additionally, aKG supplementation elevates colonic aKG levels while decreasing 2-hydroxyglutarate levels, which increases oxidative instead of glycolytic metabolism. CONCLUSION aKG supplementation protects against epithelial damage and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis, which are associated with suppressed inflammation, Wnt signaling pathway, and glycolysis. Intake of foods enriched with aKG or aKG supplementation can be an alternative approach for the prevention or treatment of colitis that are common in Western societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Tian
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | - Qi Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Hongbin Wang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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26
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Wu X, Liang TY, Wang Z, Chen G. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review. Med Gas Res 2021; 11:66-71. [PMID: 33818446 PMCID: PMC8130665 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.311497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic recurrent diseases in the digestive tract, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Over the past few decades, the treatment of IBD has made great progress but there is still a lot of room for improvement. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) was defined as the therapeutic effect of inhaling 100% oxygen higher than one atmosphere and reported to be used in stroke, decompression sickness and wound healing. Since several authors reported the role of HBOT as an adjunct to conventional medical treatment in patients with refractory IBD, the relevant research has shown an increasing trend in recent years. Clinical and experimental studies have revealed that HBOT may exert its therapeutic effect by inhibiting inflammation and strengthening the antioxidant system, promoting the differentiation of colonic stem cells and recruiting cells involved in repair. The purpose of this review is to summarize the past clinical and experimental studies and to understand the impact of HBOT in the treatment of IBD more deeply. In addition, we also hope to provide some ideas for future clinical and research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian-Yu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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27
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of lipopolysaccharide exposure on the inflammatory response, butyrate flux, and metabolic function of the ruminal epithelium using an ex vivo model. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2334-2345. [PMID: 33246619 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidotic conditions in the rumen have been associated with compromised barrier function of the ruminal epithelium and translocation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interaction of MAMP with the ruminal epithelium may also induce a local proinflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential proinflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium following LPS exposure in Ussing chambers, to investigate whether LPS exposure affects the flux and metabolism of butyrate. Ruminal epithelial tissue from 9 Holstein bull calves were mounted into Ussing chambers and exposed to 0, 10,000, 50,000, or 200,000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL LPS for a duration of 5 h. Radiolabeled 14C-butyrate (15 mM) was added to the mucosal buffer to assess the mucosal-to-serosal flux of 14C-butyrate. Additional Ussing chambers, without radioisotope, were exposed to either 0 or 200,000 EU/mL LPS and were used to measure the release of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and IL1B into the buffer, and to collect epithelial tissue for analysis of gene expression. Genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL8, PTGS2, TGFB1, TLR2, TLR4), nutrient transport (MCT1, MCT4, SLC5A8, GLUT1), and metabolic function (ACAT1, BDH1, MCU, IGFBP3, IGFBP5) were selected and analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Butyrate flux was not significantly affected by LPS exposure; however, we detected a tendency for the mucosal-to-serosal butyrate flux to increase linearly with LPS dose. Bidirectional releases of BHB and IL1B were not affected by LPS exposure. Expression of PTGS2, TGFB1, TLR4, and MCU were downregulated following exposure to LPS ex vivo. We detected no effects on the expression of genes associated with nutrient transport. The results of the present study are interpreted to indicate that, although the inflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium was slightly suppressed, exposure to LPS may have altered metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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28
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of a proinflammatory response on metabolic function of cultured, primary ruminal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1002-1017. [PMID: 33131809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of ruminal epithelium may occur during ruminal acidosis as a result of translocation and interaction of ruminal epithelial cells (REC) with molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Such inflammation has been reported to alter cellular processes such as nutrient absorption, metabolic regulation, and energy substrate utilization in other cell types but has not been investigated for REC. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of LPS on metabolism of short-chain fatty acids by primary REC, as well as investigating the effects of media containing short-chain fatty acids on the proinflammatory response. Ruminal papillae from 9 yearling Speckle Park beef heifers were used to isolate and culture primary REC. Cells were grown in minimum essential medium (MEM) for 12 d before use and then reseeded in 24-well culture plates. The study was conducted as a 2 × 2 factorial, where cells were grown in unaltered MEM (REG) or medium containing 2 mM butyrate and 5 mM propionate (SCFA) with (50,000 EU/mL; +LPS) or without LPS (-LPS) for 24 h. Supernatant samples were collected for analysis of glucose and SCFA consumption. Cells were collected to determine the expression of mRNA for genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and TLR4), purinergic signaling (P2RX7, ADORAB2, and CD73), nutrient transport [SLC16A1 (MCT1), SLC16A3 (MCT4), SLC5A8, and MCU], and cell metabolism [ACAT1, SLC2A1 (GLUT1), IGFBP3, and IGFBP5]. Protein expression of TLR4 and ketogenic enzymes (BDH1 and HMGCS1) were also analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was conducted with the MIXED model of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with medium, LPS exposure, and medium × LPS interaction as fixed effects and animal within plate as a random effect. Cells tended to consume more glucose when exposed to LPS as opposed to no LPS exposure (31.8 vs. 28.7 ± 2.7), but consumption of propionate and butyrate was not influenced by LPS. Expression of TNF and IL1B was upregulated when exposed to LPS, and expression of CXCL2 and CXCL8 increased following LPS exposure with SCFA (medium × LPS). For cells exposed to LPS, we found a downregulation of ACAT1 and IGFBP5 and an upregulation of SLC2A1, SLC16A3, MCU, and IGFBP3. Medium with SCFA led to greater expression of MCU. SLC16A1 was upregulated in cells incubated with SCFA and without LPS compared with the other groups. Protein expression of ketogenic enzymes was not affected; however, BDH1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expression tended to be less in cells exposed to LPS. These data are interpreted to indicate that when REC are exposed to LPS, they may increase glucose metabolism. Moreover, transport of solutes was affected by SCFA in the medium and by exposure to LPS. Overall, the results suggest that metabolic function of REC in vitro is altered by a proinflammatory response, which may lead to a greater glucose requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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Evaluation of Acute Mountain Sickness by Unsedated Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy at High Altitude. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:2218-2225.e2. [PMID: 31778804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is not clear how rapid ascent to a high altitude causes the gastrointestinal symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS). We assessed the incidence of endoscopic lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract in healthy mountaineers after a rapid ascent to high altitude, their association with symptoms, and their pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS In a prospective study, 25 mountaineers (10 women; mean age, 43.8 ± 9.5 y) underwent unsedated, transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Zurich (490 m) and then on 2 test days (days 2 and 4) at a high altitude laboratory in the Alps (Capanna Regina Margherita, 4559 m). Symptoms were assessed using validated instruments for AMS (the acute mountain sickness score and the Lake Louise scoring system) and visual analogue scales (scale, 0-100). Levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in duodenal biopsy specimens were measured by quantitative polymerase chain rection. RESULTS The follow-up endoscopy at high altitude was performed in 19 of 25 patients on day 2 and in 23 of 25 patients on day 4. The frequency of endoscopic lesions increased from 12% at baseline to 26.3% on day 2 and to 60.9% on day 4 (P < .001). The incidence of ulcer disease increased from 0 at baseline to 10.5% on day 2 and to 21.7% on day 4 (P = .014). Mucosal lesions were associated with lower hunger scores (37.3 vs 67.4 in patients without lesions; P = .012). Subjects with peptic lesions had higher levels of HIF2A mRNA, which encodes a hypoxia-induced transcription factor, and ICAM1 mRNA, which encodes an adhesion molecule, compared with subjects without lesions (fold changes, 1.38 vs 0.63; P = .001; and 1.37 vs 0.66; P = .011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In a prospective study of 25 mountaineers, fast ascent to a high altitude resulted in rapid onset of clinically meaningful mucosal lesions and ulcer disease. Duodenal biopsy specimens from these subjects had increased levels of HIF2A mRNA and ICAM1 mRNA, which might contribute to the formation of hypoxia-induced peptic lesions. Further studies are needed of the mechanisms of this process.
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Zhou C, Li L, Li T, Sun L, Yin J, Guan H, Wang L, Zhu H, Xu P, Fan X, Sheng B, Xiao W, Qiu Y, Yang H. SCFAs induce autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and relieve colitis by stabilizing HIF-1α. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1189-1202. [PMID: 32696223 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a critical regulator of barrier integrity during colonic mucosal injury. Previous works have shown that the absence of autophagy is implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, changes in bacterial profiles in the gut are intimately associated with IBD. Although HIF-1α, autophagy, microbiota, and their metabolites are all involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, their roles are not known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HIF-1α and autophagy in healthy and inflammatory states using transgenic mice, colitis models, and cell culture models. We confirmed that the absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α changed the composition of the intestinal microbes and increased the susceptibility of mice to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, autophagy levels in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were significantly reduced in IEC-specific HIF-1α-deficient (HIF-1α∆IEC) mice. Moreover, in the cell culture models, butyrate treatment significantly increased autophagy in HT29 cells under normal conditions, whereas butyrate had little effect on autophagy after HIF-1α ablation. Furthermore, in the DSS-induced colitis model, butyrate administration relieved the colonic injury and suppressed inflammation in Cre-/HIF-1α- (HIF-1αloxP/loxP) mice. However, the butyrate-mediated protection against colonic injury was considerably diminished in the HIF-1α∆IEC mice. These results show that HIF-1α, autophagy, and intestinal microbes are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Butyrate can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating autophagy via HIF-1α. These insights may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for IBD. KEY MESSAGES: • The absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α leads to downregulation of autophagy in mice. • The absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α exacerbates DSS-induced colitis. • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating autophagy via HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangzi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidi Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liucan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baifa Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Kumar T, Pandey R, Chauhan NS. Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α: The Curator of Gut Homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:227. [PMID: 32500042 PMCID: PMC7242652 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a stratified and resilient ecosystem co-inhabited by a diverse and dynamic pool of microorganisms. Microbial selection, establishment, and colonization are modulated through a complex molecular network of host-microbial interactions. These molecular bioprocesses ensure the taxonomic composition of the mature human gut microbiome. The human gut microbiome plays a vital role in host health; otherwise, any microbial dysbiosis could predispose to the onset of physiological and metabolic disorder/s. Focussed research are being carried out to identify key molecular agents defining gut homeostasis. These molecules hold the potential to develop effective therapeutic solutions for microbial dysbiosis-associated human disorders. Of these, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a central player in host-microbial crosstalk to maintain gut homeostasis. Human gut microbial metabolites regulate its cellular stability, which in turn regulates various cellular processes required for the stable gut microbiome. In the present review, an effort has been made to summarize the key role of HIF-1α to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Sun Y, Dong H, Zhan A, Wang W, Duan Y, Xie M, Liu Q, Li H, Zhang J. Protection of teprenone against hypoxia and reoxygenation stress in stomach and intestine of Lateolabrax maculatus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:575-584. [PMID: 31900796 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Teprenone (geranylgeranylacetone) is one kind of safe and effective agent in gastrointestinal mucosa, which have been widely used in human and veterinary, but rarely used in aquaculture animals. In this study, Lateolabrax maculatus, an important economic fish species in southern China, was taken as the object of study to investigate the protective effect of teprenone on intestinal stress. The present study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the protection offered by teprenone to protect the gastrointestinal tract against hypoxia and reoxygenation injury of L. maculatus. (a) For oxidative stress parameters, SOD, CAT, and T-AOC in control group were higher than those in teprenone group. MDA content was significantly higher than that in teprenone group at N and 12h time points in intestine (P < 0.05), and at 12, 24, and 48 h time points in stomach. (b) For immune-associated proteins, LZM activity in the control group was lower than that in the teprenone group, and the difference between the two groups in stomach and intestine was significant at 12.48 h and 6.48 h time points, respectively (P < 0.05). Compared with time point N, the content of HSP70 in the control group increased at 0 h in intestine. At 0-48 h, intestine HSP70 content in the control group showed a gradually decreasing trend, which was higher than that in the teprenone group. (c) For apoptosis-related factors, the activity of Cyt-C, caspase9, and caspase3 increased first and then decreased in both groups. The content of Cyt-C in the control group was significantly higher than that in the teprenone group at N-3.6 h, and 3.48 h time points in stomach and intestine, respectively (P<0.05). The activity of caspase9 and caspase3 was higher than that in the teprenone group at N-48 h. Results indicated that acute hypoxia and reoxygenation cause the expression levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related factors in the stomach and intestine increased first and then decreased within 0-48 h. Acute hypoxia and reoxygenation also that causes the level of nonspecific immunity decreased first and then increased. A total of 400-mg/kg treatment of teprenone can protect stomach and intestinal tissues to a certain extent. It can effectively protect oxidative stress and apoptosis within 0-48 h after acute hypoxia and reoxygenation and enhance non-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongXu Sun
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - HongBiao Dong
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - AiJun Zhan
- Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - WenHao Wang
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - YaFei Duan
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Mujiao Xie
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - QingSong Liu
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - JiaSong Zhang
- Key Lab. of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
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33
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deZoeten EF, Battista KD, Colson SB, Lovell MA, Kessler BE, Isfort RW, Fennimore BP, Onyiah JC, Kao DJ, Yeckes A, Keely S, Murray M, Hoffenberg EJ, Colgan SP, Gerich ME. Markers of Hypoxia Correlate with Histologic and Endoscopic Severity of Colitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. HYPOXIA (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 8:1-12. [PMID: 32104717 PMCID: PMC7026141 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s219049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation results in significant shifts in tissue metabolism. Recent studies indicate that inflammation and hypoxia occur concomitantly. We examined whether circulating and tissue markers of hypoxia could serve as surrogate indicators of disease severity in adult and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Serum and colonic biopsies were obtained from pediatric subjects with active IBD colitis and adult subjects with active and inactive ulcerative colitis, along with healthy non-colitis controls of all ages. Disease activity was evaluated by endoscopy and histopathology. Levels of serum hypoxia markers (macrophage inflammatory protein-3α [MIP-3α], vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], and erythropoietin [EPO]) were measured. RESULTS Children with active IBD colitis had higher levels of serum MIP-3α and VEGF compared to non-colitis controls (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). In adult subjects with endoscopically active ulcerative colitis, serum MIP-3α and EPO were significantly elevated compared to non-colitis controls (both p<0.01). In parallel, analysis of colon tissue MIP-3α mRNA and protein in pediatric subjects revealed increased expression in those with IBD colitis compared to controls (p<0.05 and p<0.01 for mRNA and protein, respectively). Serum MIP-3α and VEGF significantly increased with histology grade. CONCLUSION Peripheral blood hypoxia markers may be useful indicators of disease activity for pediatric and adult IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin F deZoeten
- Department of Pediatrics and the Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kayla D Battista
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven B Colson
- Department of Pediatrics and the Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Lovell
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brittelle E Kessler
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Isfort
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Blair P Fennimore
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C Onyiah
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Kao
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyson Yeckes
- Department of Pediatrics and the Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Simon Keely
- Department of Pediatrics and the Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Monica Murray
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward J Hoffenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and the Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine/Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark E Gerich
- Department of Medicine and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Liu Q, Yu Z, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Surface components and metabolites of probiotics for regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:23. [PMID: 32024520 PMCID: PMC7003451 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-1289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota can significantly affect the function of the intestinal barrier. Some intestinal probiotics (such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, a few Escherichia coli strains, and a new generation of probiotics including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Akkermansia muciniphila) can maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and promote health. This review first summarizes probiotics' regulation of the intestinal epithelium via their surface compounds. Surface layer proteins, flagella, pili and capsular polysaccharides constitute microbial-associated molecular patterns and specifically bind to pattern recognition receptors, which can regulate signaling pathways to produce cytokines or inhibit apoptosis, thereby attenuating inflammation and enhancing the function of the gut epithelium. The review also explains the effects of metabolites (such as secreted proteins, organic acids, indole, extracellular vesicles and bacteriocins) of probiotics on host receptors and the mechanisms by which these metabolites regulate gut epithelial barrier function. Previous reviews summarized the role of the surface macromolecules or metabolites of gut microbes (including both probiotics and pathogens) in human health. However, these reviews were mostly focused on the interactions between these substances and the intestinal mucosal immune system. In the current review, we only focused on probiotics and discussed the molecular interaction between these bacteria and the gut epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
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Brown E, Rowan C, Strowitzki MJ, Fagundes RR, Faber KN, Güntsch A, Halligan DN, Kugler J, Jones F, Lee CT, Doherty G, Taylor CT. Mucosal inflammation downregulates PHD1 expression promoting a barrier-protective HIF-1α response in ulcerative colitis patients. FASEB J 2020; 34:3732-3742. [PMID: 31944416 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902103r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The HIF hydroxylase enzymes (PHD1-3 and FIH) are cellular oxygen-sensors which confer hypoxic-sensitivity upon the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Microenvironmental hypoxia has a strong influence on the epithelial and immune cell function through HIF-dependent gene expression and consequently impacts upon the course of disease progression in ulcerative colitis (UC), with HIF-1α being protective while HIF-2α promotes disease. However, little is known about how inflammation regulates hypoxia-responsive pathways in UC patients. Here we demonstrate that hypoxia is a prominent microenvironmental feature of the mucosa in UC patients with active inflammatory disease. Furthermore, we found that inflammation drives transcriptional programming of the HIF pathway including downregulation of PHD1 thereby increasing the tissue responsiveness to hypoxia and skewing this response toward protective HIF-1 over detrimental HIF-2 activation. We identified CEBPα as a transcriptional regulator of PHD1 mRNA expression which is downregulated in both inflamed tissue derived from patients and in cultured intestinal epithelial cells treated with inflammatory cytokines. In summary, we propose that PHD1 downregulation skews the hypoxic response toward enhanced protective HIF-1α stabilization in the inflamed mucosa of UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brown
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Rowan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Moritz J Strowitzki
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raphael R Fagundes
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Department Hepatology & Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department Hepatology & Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Güntsch
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doug N Halligan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julia Kugler
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Jones
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chee T Lee
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen Doherty
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and the Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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36
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Solanki S, Devenport SN, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM. Temporal induction of intestinal epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-2α is sufficient to drive colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G98-G107. [PMID: 31241981 PMCID: PMC6734372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00081.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a notable feature of inflammatory bowel disease and chronic induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α (endothelial PAS domain protein 1, EPAS1) play important, but opposing, roles in its pathogenesis. While activation of HIF-1α decreases intestinal inflammation and is beneficial in colitis, activation of HIF-2α exacerbates colitis and increases colon carcinogenesis in animal models, primarily due to the role of epithelial HIF-2α in mounting a potent inflammatory response. Previous work from our laboratory showed that mice overexpressing intestinal epithelial HIF-2α led to massive intestinal inflammation and decreased survival. As oxygen homeostasis and HIFs are critical in embryonic development, it is not clear whether the observed intestinal inflammatory response was secondary to developmental defects. To address this question, the present study used a mouse model to temporally modulate expression of intestinal epithelial HIF-2α to assess its role in mediating inflammatory response. Remarkably, activation of HIF-2α in intestinal epithelial cells in adult mice increased expression of proinflammatory mediators; however, no decrease in survival was observed. Furthermore, in an acute model of colitis, activation of HIF-2α was sufficient to exacerbate colitis. These data confirm our previous finding that epithelial HIF-2α mediates inflammatory response and demonstrates that activation of HIF-2α is sufficient to exacerbate colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract. Hypoxia and activation of its downstream transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are notable features of IBD. HIF-1α has well-characterized protective roles in IBD; however, the role of HIF-2α has been less studied. Using novel HIF-2α mouse models, we show that activation of HIF-2α in intestinal epithelial cells is sufficient to exacerbate colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha N Devenport
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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He Q, Ma J, Kalavagunta PK, Zhou L, Zhu J, Dong J, Ahmad O, Du Y, Wei L, Shang J. HgS Inhibits Oxidative Stress Caused by Hypoxia through Regulation of 5-HT Metabolism Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061364. [PMID: 30889910 PMCID: PMC6471647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the potential relationship between 5-HT and oxidative stress in the organism. Our in vitro experiments in RIN-14B cells showed that anoxia leads the cells to the state of oxidative stress. Administration of exogenous 5-HT exacerbated this effect, whereas the inhibition of Tph1, LP533401 alleviated the oxidative stress. Several research articles reported that Cinnabar (consists of more than 96% mercury sulfide, HgS), which is widely used in both Chinese and Indian traditional medicine prescriptions, has been involved in the regulation of 5-HT. The present research revealed that HgS relieved the level of oxidative stress of RIN-14B cells. This pharmacological activity was also observed in the prescription drug Zuotai, in which HgS accounts for 54.5%, and these effects were found to be similar to LP533401, an experimental drug to treat pulmonary hypertension. Further, our in vivo experiments revealed that the administration of cinnabar or prescription drug Zuotai in zebrafish reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hypoxia and cured behavioral abnormalities. Taken together, in organisms with hypoxia induced oxidative stress 5-HT levels were found to be abnormally elevated, indicating that 5-HT could regulate oxidative stress, and the decrease in the 5-HT levels, behavioral abnormalities after treatment with cinnabar and Zuotai, we may conclude that the therapeutic and pharmacologic effect of cinnabar and Zuotai may be based on the regulation of 5-HT metabolism and relief of oxidative stress. Even though they aren't toxic at the present dosage in both cell lines and zebrafish, their dose dependent toxicities are yet to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Praveen Kumar Kalavagunta
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Junyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Owais Ahmad
- School of Life Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yuzhi Du
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Lixin Wei
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Jing Shang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Zhou H, Zhang HJ, Guan L, Zhang YN, Li Y, Sun MJ. Mechanism and therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on experimental colitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5652-5662. [PMID: 30387820 PMCID: PMC6236308 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of chronic inflammatory disturbance that affects a number of individuals worldwide; the precise mechanism is unclear and treatment is frequently insufficient to maintain patients in remission. Saccharomyces boulardii is a thermophilic, non‑pathogenic yeast that may be administered for prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of diarrheal diseases. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that it may have a role in IBD; however, the mechanism of action is unclear. The hypoxia‑inducible factors (HIFs) are ubiquitously expressed regulators of cellular adaptation to hypoxia and are central to the adaptive and inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in patients with IBD. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S. boulardii on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in mice and the effects of S. boulardii on HIFs. Mice were divided into five groups (n=10 mice/group): i) Control; ii) DSS; iii) S. boulardii (Sb) + DSS; iv) normal saline (NS) + DSS; and v) Sb. For 14 consecutive days, mice from the Sb+DSS and Sb groups were given S. boulardii suspension in saline (150 mg/kg/day; final volume 0.2 ml) by oral gavage. The NS+DSS group received the same volume of NS by gavage. The Control mice received water only. From day 8 to day 14, 3.5% DSS was added to the drinking water of the DSS, Sb+DSS and NS+DSS groups to induce acute colitis. Body weight decreased and disease activity index and histological score increased in mice with DSS‑induced colitis. Oral administration of S. boulardii reduced DSS‑induced weight loss, ameliorated the histological damage and protected the colon barrier in mice with DSS‑induced colitis. The expression of HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α in colon tissues was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The increase in HIFs in the colon induced by DSS was significantly inhibited by S. boulardii treatment. The expression levels of several epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are regulated by HIFs were measured. S. boulardii reduced EMT and decreased expression of VEGF that was induced by DSS treatment. These results indicated that treatment with S. boulardii ameliorated DSS‑induced colitis, partly through downregulation of HIF‑1α and HIF‑2α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 11000, P.R. China
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Dulai PS, Buckey JC, Raffals LE, Swoger JM, Claus PL, OʼToole K, Ptak JA, Gleeson MW, Widjaja CE, Chang JT, Adler JM, Patel N, Skinner LA, Haren SP, Goldby-Reffner K, Thompson KD, Siegel CA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is well tolerated and effective for ulcerative colitis patients hospitalized for moderate-severe flares: a phase 2A pilot multi-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2018; 113:1516-1523. [PMID: 29453383 DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) markedly increases tissue oxygen delivery. Case series suggest it may have a potential therapeutic benefit in ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated the therapeutic potential of HBOT as an adjunct to steroids for UC flares requiring hospitalization. METHODS The study was terminated early due to poor recruitment with 18 of the planned 70 patients enrolled. UC patients hospitalized for moderate-severe flares (Mayo score ≥6, endoscopic sub-score ≥2) were block randomized to steroids + daily HBOT (n = 10) or steroids + daily sham hyperbaric air (n = 8). Patients were blinded to study assignment, and assessments were performed by a blinded gastroenterologist. Primary outcome was the clinical remission rate at study day 5 (partial Mayo score ≤2 with no sub-score >1). Key secondary outcomes were: clinical response (reduction in partial Mayo score ≥2, rectal bleeding sub-score of 0-1) and progression to second-line therapy (colectomy or biologic therapy) during the hospitalization. RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of HBOT-treated patients achieved clinical remission at study day 5 and 10 (50 vs. 0%, p = 0.04). HBOT-treated patients less often required progression to second-line therapy during the hospitalization (10 vs. 63%, p = 0.04). The proportion requiring in-hospital colectomy specifically as second-line therapy for medically refractory UC was lower in the HBOT group compared to sham (0 vs. 38%, p = 0.07). There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION In this small, proof-of-concept, phase 2A trial, the use of HBOT as an adjunctive therapy to steroids for UC patients hospitalized for moderate-severe flares resulted in higher rates of clinical remission, and a reduction in rates of progression to second-line therapy during the hospitalization. Larger well-powered trials are needed, however, to provided definitive evidence of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parambir S Dulai
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jay C Buckey
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Raffals
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason M Swoger
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul L Claus
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin OʼToole
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Judy A Ptak
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael W Gleeson
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christella E Widjaja
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John T Chang
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffery M Adler
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nihal Patel
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laurie A Skinner
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn P Haren
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Goldby-Reffner
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly D Thompson
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corey A Siegel
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a multicellular interface in close proximity to a dense microbial milieu that is completely renewed every 3-5 days. Pluripotent stem cells reside at the crypt, giving rise to transient amplifying cells that go through continuous steps of proliferation, differentiation and finally anoikis (a form of programmed cell death) while migrating upwards to the villus tip. During these cellular transitions, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) possess distinct metabolic identities reflected by changes in mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial function emerges as a key player in cell fate decisions and in coordinating cellular metabolism, immunity, stress responses and apoptosis. Mediators of mitochondrial signalling include molecules such as ATP and reactive oxygen species and interrelate with pathways such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (MT-UPR) and AMP kinase signalling, in turn affecting cell cycle progression and stemness. Alterations in mitochondrial function and MT-UPR activation are integral aspects of pathologies, including IBD and cancer. Mitochondrial signalling and concomitant changes in metabolism contribute to intestinal homeostasis and regulate IEC dedifferentiation-differentiation programmes in the context of diseases, suggesting that mitochondrial function as a cellular checkpoint critically contributes to disease outcome. This Review highlights mitochondrial function and MT-UPR signalling in epithelial cell stemness, differentiation and lineage commitment and illustrates mitochondrial function in intestinal diseases.
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Lee JS, Wang RX, Alexeev EE, Lanis JM, Battista KD, Glover LE, Colgan SP. Hypoxanthine is a checkpoint stress metabolite in colonic epithelial energy modulation and barrier function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6039-6051. [PMID: 29487135 PMCID: PMC5912467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a selectively permeable barrier to protect colon tissues from luminal microbiota and antigens and to mediate nutrient, fluid, and waste flux in the intestinal tract. Dysregulation of the epithelial cell barrier coincides with profound shifts in metabolic energy, especially in the colon, which exists in an energetically depleting state of physiological hypoxia. However, studies that systematically examine energy flux and adenylate metabolism during intestinal epithelial barrier development and restoration after disruption are lacking. Here, to delineate barrier-related energy flux, we developed an HPLC-based profiling method to track changes in energy flux and adenylate metabolites during barrier development and restoration. Cultured epithelia exhibited pooling of phosphocreatine and maintained ATP during barrier development. EDTA-induced epithelial barrier disruption revealed that hypoxanthine levels correlated with barrier resistance. Further studies uncovered that hypoxanthine supplementation improves barrier function and wound healing and that hypoxanthine appears to do so by increasing intracellular ATP, which improved cytoskeletal G- to F-actin polymerization. Hypoxanthine supplementation increased the adenylate energy charge in the murine colon, indicating potential to regulate adenylate energy charge-mediated metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, experiments in a murine colitis model disclosed that hypoxanthine loss during active inflammation correlates with markers of disease severity. In summary, our results indicate that hypoxanthine modulates energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and is critical for intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Lee
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Ruth X Wang
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Erica E Alexeev
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Kayla D Battista
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Louise E Glover
- the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
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Pan WH, Sommer F, Falk-Paulsen M, Ulas T, Best L, Fazio A, Kachroo P, Luzius A, Jentzsch M, Rehman A, Müller F, Lengauer T, Walter J, Künzel S, Baines JF, Schreiber S, Franke A, Schultze JL, Bäckhed F, Rosenstiel P. Exposure to the gut microbiota drives distinct methylome and transcriptome changes in intestinal epithelial cells during postnatal development. Genome Med 2018; 10:27. [PMID: 29653584 PMCID: PMC5899322 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of epigenetic processes and the intestinal microbiota may play an important role in intestinal development and homeostasis. Previous studies have established that the microbiota regulates a large proportion of the intestinal epithelial transcriptome in the adult host, but microbial effects on DNA methylation and gene expression during early postnatal development are still poorly understood. Here, we sought to investigate the microbial effects on DNA methylation and the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) during postnatal development. METHODS We collected IECs from the small intestine of each of five 1-, 4- and 12 to 16-week-old mice representing the infant, juvenile, and adult states, raised either in the presence or absence of a microbiota. The DNA methylation profile was determined using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and the epithelial transcriptome by RNA sequencing using paired samples from each individual mouse to analyze the link between microbiota, gene expression, and DNA methylation. RESULTS We found that microbiota-dependent and -independent processes act together to shape the postnatal development of the transcriptome and DNA methylation signatures of IECs. The bacterial effect on the transcriptome increased over time, whereas most microbiota-dependent DNA methylation differences were detected already early after birth. Microbiota-responsive transcripts could be attributed to stage-specific cellular programs during postnatal development and regulated gene sets involved primarily immune pathways and metabolic processes. Integrated analysis of the methylome and transcriptome data identified 126 genomic loci at which coupled differential DNA methylation and RNA transcription were associated with the presence of intestinal microbiota. We validated a subset of differentially expressed and methylated genes in an independent mouse cohort, indicating the existence of microbiota-dependent "functional" methylation sites which may impact on long-term gene expression signatures in IECs. CONCLUSIONS Our study represents the first genome-wide analysis of microbiota-mediated effects on maturation of DNA methylation signatures and the transcriptional program of IECs after birth. It indicates that the gut microbiota dynamically modulates large portions of the epithelial transcriptome during postnatal development, but targets only a subset of microbially responsive genes through their DNA methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Pan
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Best
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonella Fazio
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ateequr Rehman
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Lengauer
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Graduate School of Computer Science, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Zou H, Zhu XX, Ding YH, Zhang GB, Geng Y, Huang DS. Statins in conditions other than hypocholesterolemic effects for chronic subdural hematoma therapy, old drug, new tricks? Oncotarget 2018; 8:27541-27546. [PMID: 28177914 PMCID: PMC5432356 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common intracranial hematomas worldwide with a high incidence in the general population. However, the optimum treatment for CSDH is Burr-hole drainage with or without rinse Considering the poor outcomes of CSDH in aged patients, and ambiguous prediction of recurrence in many sides of recurrent CSDHs who have been analyzed, new effective therapies are needed for those CSDHs who are predicated to have poor prognosis for surgery and/or have a higher risk of recurrence. Statins, which is the first-line treatment for patients with high cholesterol and coronary heart disease. However, statins are still not solely limited in the treatment of these diseases. It has been demonstrated that statins could improve CSDH due to its effect of regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. In this review, in order to provide potential new treatment for CSDH we summarize the recent findings of statins in CSDH in order to try to clarify the mechanisms of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Xing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Bing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Kim YE, Lee M, Gu H, Kim J, Jeong S, Yeo S, Lee YJ, Im SH, Sung YC, Kim HJ, Weissman IL, Ahn GO. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) activation in myeloid cells accelerates DSS-induced colitis progression in mice. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.033241. [PMID: 29967068 PMCID: PMC6078398 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which the intestinal epithelium loses its barrier function. Given the existence of the oxygen gradient in the intestinal epithelium and that inflammation further contributes to the tissue hypoxia, we investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor activated under hypoxic conditions in myeloid cells, in the progression of IBD. To do this, we utilized myeloid-specific knockout (KO) mice targeting HIF pathways, created by a Cre-loxP system with human MRP8 (hMRP8), an intracellular calcium-binding protein, as the myeloid promoter. By feeding 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to hMRP8 von Hippel Lindau (Vhl) KO mice, in which HIF-1α and HIF-2α are constitutively activated in myeloid cells, we found that these mice were highly susceptible to DSS-induced colitis, demonstrating greater body weight loss, increased mortality, faster onset of rectal bleeding, shortened colon length, and increased CD11b- or Gr-1-positive myeloid cells in the colon compared with wild-type (WT) mice. These parameters were restored to, if not better than, the WT levels when we examined hMRP8 Hif-1a KO mice upon 5% DSS feeding. hMRP8 Hif-2a KO mice, on the other hand, exhibited a similar degree of DSS-induced colitis to that of WT mice. Lastly, when DSS was given together with azoxymethane to induce tumorigenesis in the colon, we found that hMRP8 Hif-1a KO mice exhibited comparable levels of colorectal tumors to those of WT mice, indicating that HIF-1α in myeloid cells is dispensable for tumorigenesis. Collectively, our results suggest that HIF-1α activation in myeloid cells critically regulates IBD progression. Summary: We challenged myeloid-specific knockout mice targeting the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, demonstrating that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, activation in myeloid cells regulates colitis severity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Hyejung Gu
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Seongju Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sujin Yeo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - You Jeong Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Stem Cell Institute and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G-One Ahn
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheong Am-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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Plotkin BJ, Davis JW, Strizzi L, Lee P, Christoffersen-Cebi J, Kacmar J, Rivero OJ, Elsayed N, Zanghi N, Ito B, Sigar IM. A method for the long-term cultivation of mammalian cells in the absence of oxygen: Characterization of cell replication, hypoxia-inducible factor expression and reactive oxygen species production. Tissue Cell 2017; 50:59-68. [PMID: 29429519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The center of tumors, stem cell niches and mucosal surfaces all represent areas of the body that are reported to be anoxic. However, long-term study of anoxic cell physiology is hindered by the lack of a sustainable method permitting cell cultivation in the complete absence of oxygen. A novel methodology was developed that enabled anoxic cell cultivation (17d maximum time tested) and cell passage. In the absence of oxygen, cell morphology is significantly altered. All cells tested exhibited morphologic changes, i.e., a combination of tethered (monolayer-like) and runagate (suspension-like) morphologies. Both morphologies replicated (Vero and HeLa cells tested) and could be passaged anaerobically. In the absence of exogenous oxygen, anoxic cells produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anaerobic runagate HeLa and Vero cells increased ROS production from day 3 to day 10 by 2- and 3-fold, respectively. In contrast, anoxic tethered HeLa and Vero cells either showed no significant change in ROS production between days 3 and 10 or exhibited a 3-fold decrease in ROS, respectively. Detection of ROS was inversely related to detection of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1) mRNA and HIF-1 protein expression which cycled over a 10-day period. This methodology has broad applications for the study of tumor and stem cell physiology as well as gastrointestinal cell-microbiome interactions. In addition, sustainable anaerobic cell culture may lead to the identification of novel pathways and targets for chemotherapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbina J Plotkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - James W Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Luigi Strizzi
- Department of Pathology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | | | - Joan Kacmar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Orlando J Rivero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Norhan Elsayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Nicholas Zanghi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Brent Ito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Ira M Sigar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
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Mohammadi E, Qujeq D, Taheri H, Hajian-Tilaki K. Evaluation of Serum Trace Element Levels and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Translating Basic Research into Clinical Application. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:235-240. [PMID: 27864666 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of minerals and trace elements with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex. Alterations in their metabolism can be induced by the diseases and their complications. To study the role of trace elements in IBD patients' serum zinc and copper and their related enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), activity were measured in patients with IBD patients as well as in healthy subjects. In addition, the correlation between serum trace element levels, albumin, total protein, urea level, copper/zinc ratio, and disease activity (DA) was determined in these subjects. Serum samples were obtained from 35 patients (19 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 16 Crohn's disease (CD)) in the active phase of the disease and 30 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of zinc, copper, SOD activity, albumin, total protein, and urea were measured. The results were compared between the two groups using independent Student's t test in statistical analysis. Serum levels of zinc, SOD activity, albumin, and total protein were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients than controls, while serum urea level was significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Copper concentrations did not differ between patients with IBD (mean ± SD, 58.8 ± 20.7 μg/d) and controls (55.57 ± 12.6 μg/d). Decreased levels of zinc and SOD activity are associated with increased inflammatory processes indicating inappropriate antioxidant system in patients with IBD. Additionally, lower levels of albumin and total protein with higher level of urea reflect metabolic problems in liver system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooze Avenue, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooze Avenue, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganjafrooze Avenue, P.O. Box: 47176-47745, Babol, Iran.
| | - Hassan Taheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Manresa MC, Taylor CT. Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases as Regulators of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 3:303-315. [PMID: 28462372 PMCID: PMC5404106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human health is dependent on the ability of the body to extract nutrients, fluids, and oxygen from the external environment while at the same time maintaining a state of internal sterility. Therefore, the cell layers that cover the surface areas of the body such as the lung, skin, and gastrointestinal mucosa provide vital semipermeable barriers that allow the transport of essential nutrients, fluid, and waste products, while at the same time keeping the internal compartments free of microbial organisms. These epithelial surfaces are highly specialized and differ in their anatomic structure depending on their location to provide appropriate and effective site-specific barrier function. Given this important role, it is not surprising that significant disease often is associated with alterations in epithelial barrier function. Examples of such diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and atopic dermatitis. These chronic inflammatory disorders often are characterized by diminished tissue oxygen levels (hypoxia). Hypoxia triggers an adaptive transcriptional response governed by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which are repressed by a family of oxygen-sensing HIF hydroxylases. Here, we review recent evidence suggesting that pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition may be of therapeutic benefit in inflammatory bowel disease through the promotion of intestinal epithelial barrier function through both HIF-dependent and HIF-independent mechanisms.
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Key Words
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DMOG, dimethyloxalylglycine
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- Epithelial Barrier
- FIH, factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- Hypoxia
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) Hydroxylases
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PHD, hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylases
- TFF, trefoil factor
- TJ, tight junction
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- ZO, zonula occludens
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Manresa
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Fagundes RR, Taylor CT. Determinants of hypoxia-inducible factor activity in the intestinal mucosa. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1328-1334. [PMID: 28408694 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is exposed to fluctuations in oxygen levels due to constantly changing rates of oxygen demand and supply and its juxtaposition with the anoxic environment of the intestinal lumen. This frequently results in a state of hypoxia in the healthy mucosa even in the physiologic state. Furthermore, pathophysiologic hypoxia (which is more severe and extensive) is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a ubiquitously expressed regulator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, is central to both the adaptive and the inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in IBD patients. In this review, we discuss the microenvironmental factors which influence the level of HIF activity in healthy and inflamed intestinal mucosae and the consequences that increased HIF activity has for tissue function and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R Fagundes
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and.,UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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49
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Creatine maintains intestinal homeostasis and protects against colitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1273-E1281. [PMID: 28137860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine, a nitrogenous organic acid, replenishes cytoplasmic ATP at the expense of mitochondrial ATP via the phosphocreatine shuttle. Creatine levels are maintained by diet and endogenous synthesis from arginine and glycine. Glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of creatine biosynthesis: the transfer of an amidino group from arginine to glycine to form ornithine and guanidinoacetate. We screened 36,530 third-generation germline mutant mice derived from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-mutagenized grandsires for intestinal homeostasis abnormalities after oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Among 27 colitis susceptibility phenotypes identified and mapped, one was strongly correlated with a missense mutation in Gatm in a recessive model of inheritance, and causation was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting. Supplementation of homozygous Gatm mutants with exogenous creatine ameliorated the colitis phenotype. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted (Gatmc/c ) mice displayed a normal peripheral immune response and immune cell homeostasis. However, the intestinal epithelium of the Gatmc/c mice displayed increased cell death and decreased proliferation during DSS treatment. In addition, Gatmc/c colonocytes showed increased metabolic stress in response to DSS with higher levels of phospho-AMPK and lower levels of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR). These findings establish an in vivo requirement for rapid replenishment of cytoplasmic ATP within colonic epithelial cells in the maintenance of the mucosal barrier after injury.
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50
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Zhdanov AV, Okkelman IA, Golubeva AV, Doerr B, Hyland NP, Melgar S, Shanahan F, Cryan JF, Papkovsky DB. Quantitative analysis of mucosal oxygenation using ex vivo imaging of healthy and inflamed mammalian colon tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:141-151. [PMID: 27510419 PMCID: PMC11107550 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colonic inflammation is associated with decreased tissue oxygenation, significantly affecting gut homeostasis. However, the crosstalk between O2 consumption and supply in the inflamed tissue are not fully understood. Using a murine model of colitis, we analysed O2 in freshly prepared samples of healthy and inflamed colon tissue. We developed protocols for efficient ex vivo staining of mouse distal colon mucosa with a cell-penetrating O2 sensitive probe Pt-Glc and high-resolution imaging of O2 concentration in live tissue by confocal phosphorescence lifetime-imaging microscopy (PLIM). Microscopy analysis revealed that Pt-Glc stained mostly the top 50-60 μm layer of the mucosa, with high phosphorescence intensity in epithelial cells. Measured O2 values in normal mouse tissue ranged between 5 and 35 μM (4-28 Torr), tending to decrease in the deeper tissue areas. Four-day treatment with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) triggered colon inflammation, as evidenced by an increase in local IL6 and mKC mRNA levels, but did not affect the gross architecture of colonic epithelium. We further observed an increase in oxygenation, partial activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1 signalling, and negative trends in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and O2 consumption rate in the colitis mucosa, suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, which is known to be regulated via HIF-1 signalling and pyruvate oxidation rate. These results along with efficient staining with Pt-Glc of rat and human colonic mucosa reveal high potential of PLIM platform as a powerful tool for the high-resolution analysis of the intestinal tissue oxygenation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and other pathologies, affecting tissue respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Irina A Okkelman
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V Golubeva
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Doerr
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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