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Wang T, Wang RX, Colgan SP. Physiologic hypoxia in the intestinal mucosa: a central role for short-chain fatty acids. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C1087-C1093. [PMID: 39159391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00472.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is a dynamic surface that facilitates interactions between the host and an outside world that includes trillions of microbes, collectively termed the microbiota. This fine balance is regulated by an energetically demanding physical and biochemical barrier that is formed by the intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, this homeostasis exists at an interface between the anaerobic colonic lumen and a highly oxygenated, vascularized lamina propria. The resultant oxygen gradient within the intestine establishes "physiologic hypoxia" as a central metabolic feature of the mucosa. Although oxygen is vital for energy production to meet cellular metabolism needs, the availability of oxygen has far-reaching influences beyond just energy provision. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal mucosa has purposefully adapted to use differential oxygen levels largely through the presence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate (BA). Intestinal epithelial cells use butyrate for a multitude of functions that promote mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we explore how the physiologic hypoxia profile interfaces with SCFAs to benefit host mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Wang
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Healthcare Studies, University of Texas Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Ruth X Wang
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Muroya D, Arai S, Nishida T, Ishimaru T, Yamazaki Y, Goto Y, Nadayoshi S, Kai Y, Masuda T, Shimokobe H, Goto Y, Nagao Y, Wada Y, Torigoe T, Tomoda Y, Maruyama Y, Imada H, Sou H, Akagi Y, Hisaka T. Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Malignant Bowel Obstruction Caused by Peritoneal Dissemination. Kurume Med J 2024:MS7112001. [PMID: 39343579 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms7112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients presenting with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) and peritoneal dissemination. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined whether HBOT affects prognosis following MBO with peritoneal dissemination. This study included 44 patients diagnosed with MBO secondary to peritoneal dissemination at our hospital between January 2013 and December 2022. Among these patients, 30 underwent HBOT. The treatment protocol involved daily HBOT administration, comprising 100% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute for 60 min. RESULTS In a univariate analysis of HBOT and non-HBOT groups, the proportion of patients able to resume eating was significantly higher in the HBOT group. Therefore, the percentage of patients in the non-HBOT group whose MBO did not improve was significantly higher than that in the HBOT group. The percentage of patients undergoing surgery or receiving anticancer treatment did not differ significantly between the groups, whereas overall survival was significantly longer in the HBOT group. Furthermore, when examining inoperable patients, significantly more individuals in the HBOT group could resume eating, and their overall survival was significantly prolonged. CONCLUSIONS HBOT may increase the spontaneous resolution rate and improve long-term prognoses of patients with MBO secondary to peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muroya
- Department of Surgery, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Shoichiro Arai
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yuta Yamazaki
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | - Youjirou Goto
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | | | - Yutaro Kai
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | - Tetsu Masuda
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | | | - Yuichi Goto
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuji Maruyama
- Department of Cancer Therapy Center, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | - Hajime Imada
- Department of Cancer Therapy Center, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital
| | | | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Hisaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Feng G, Deng M, Li R, Hou G, Ouyang Q, Jiang X, Liu X, Tang H, Chen F, Pu S, Wan D, Yin Y. Gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites responses to dietary cereal grains in an adult pig model. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1442077. [PMID: 39355428 PMCID: PMC11442370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1442077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn (C), wheat (W), and paddy rice (PR) are important energy sources and are commonly used in feed production for swine. This study mainly focuses on the variation and regularities of microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs in response to C, W, and PR. A total of 18 pigs were allotted into three dietary groups with six replicated pigs and received diets containing C, W, or PR as the sole energy source, respectively. The results showed that digestive parts significantly affected the diversity of microbial communities. Cereal grain sources significantly influenced the β-diversity of microbial communities in the colon and rectum. Campylobacterota and Proteobacteria are mainly distributed in the duodenum, Lactobacillus in the jejunum, and Bacteroidota in the colon and rectum. The W diet increased the Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group abundances and showed the highest concentrations of all short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the hindgut. Fibrobacterota, Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Prevotella, and Treponema in the colon or rectum were positively correlated with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFAs. These findings suggested that aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes in the foregut will gradually be replaced by anaerobes in the hindgut. The W diet had the best fermentability and was beneficial to the colonization of microbial communities that mainly used carbohydrates. The hindgut flora of the PR diet group may be more balanced with fewer potential pathogenic bacteria. Many microbial communities have been identified to contribute positively to the SCFA production of the hindgut. Collectively, our study revealed the spatial variation regularities of GIT microbial communities in an adult pig model and provided new insights into GIT microbiota and responses of metabolites to cereal grain diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Menglong Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gaifeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianji Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Shihua Pu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Radler JB, McBride AR, Saha K, Nighot P, Holmes GM. Regional Heterogeneity in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Permeability and Mesenteric Perfusion After Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:3236-3248. [PMID: 39001959 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts intestinal barrier function, thereby increasing antigen permeation and leading to poor outcomes. Despite the intestinal tract's anatomic and physiologic heterogeneity, studies following SCI have not comprehensively addressed intestinal pathophysiology with regional specificity. AIMS AND METHODS We used an experimental model of high thoracic SCI to investigate (1) regional mucosal oxidative stress using dihydroethidium labeling; (2) regional paracellular permeability to small- and large-molecular probes via Ussing chamber; (3) regional intestinal tight junction (TJ) protein expression; and (4) hindgut perfusion via the caudal mesenteric artery. RESULTS Dihydroethidium staining was significantly elevated within duodenal mucosa at 3-day post-SCI. Molar flux of [14C]-urea was significantly elevated in duodenum and proximal colon at 3-day post-SCI, while molar flux of [3H]-inulin was significantly elevated only in duodenum at 3-day post-SCI. Barrier permeability was mirrored by a significant increase in the expression of pore-forming TJ protein claudin-2 in duodenum and proximal colon at 3-day post-SCI. Claudin-2 expression remained significantly elevated in proximal colon at 3-week post-SCI. Expression of the barrier-forming TJ protein occludin was significantly reduced in duodenum at 3-day post-SCI. Caudal mesenteric artery flow was unchanged by SCI at 3 days or 3 weeks despite significant reductions in mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION These data show that T3-SCI provokes elevated mucosal oxidative stress, altered expression of TJ proteins, and elevated intestinal barrier permeability in the proximal intestine. In contrast, mucosal oxidative stress and intestinal barrier permeability were unchanged in the hindgut after SCI. This regional heterogeneity may result from differential sensitivity to reduced mesenteric perfusion, though further studies are required to establish a causal link. Understanding regional differences in intestinal pathophysiology is essential for developing effective treatments and standards of care for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson B Radler
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Amanda R McBride
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., H109, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Daubresse L, Portas A, Bertaud A, Marlinge M, Gaillard S, Risso JJ, Ramdani C, Rostain JC, Adjiriou N, Desruelle AV, Blatteau JE, Guieu R, Vallée N. CO 2 Breathing Prior to Simulated Diving Increases Decompression Sickness Risk in a Mouse Model: The Microbiota Trail Is Not Forgotten. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1141. [PMID: 39338024 PMCID: PMC11431549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21091141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders is the leading cause of major diving accidents treated in hyperbaric chambers. Exposure to high levels of CO2 during diving is a safety concern for occupational groups at risk of DCS. However, the effects of prior exposure to CO2 have never been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CO2 breathing prior to a provocative dive on the occurrence of DCS in mice. Fifty mice were exposed to a maximum CO2 concentration of 70 hPa, i.e., 7% at atmospheric pressure, for one hour at atmospheric pressure. Another 50 mice breathing air under similar conditions served as controls. In the AIR group (control), 22 out of 50 mice showed post-dive symptoms compared to 44 out of 50 in the CO2 group (p < 0.001). We found that CO2 breathing is associated with a decrease in body temperature in mice and that CO2 exposure dramatically increases the incidence of DCS (p < 0.001). More unexpectedly, it appears that the lower temperature of the animals even before exposure to the accident-prone protocol leads to an unfavorable prognosis (p = 0.046). This study also suggests that the composition of the microbiota may influence thermogenesis and thus accidentology. Depending on prior exposure, some of the bacterial genera identified in this work could be perceived as beneficial or pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Daubresse
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées, 83000 Toulon, France (J.-E.B.)
| | | | - Alexandrine Bertaud
- Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (J.-C.R.); (N.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (J.-C.R.); (N.A.); (R.G.)
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Subaquatic Operational Research Team (ERRSO), Military Institute of Biomedical Research (IRBA), 83000 Toulon, France (C.R.); (A.-V.D.)
| | - Céline Ramdani
- Subaquatic Operational Research Team (ERRSO), Military Institute of Biomedical Research (IRBA), 83000 Toulon, France (C.R.); (A.-V.D.)
| | - Jean-Claude Rostain
- Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (J.-C.R.); (N.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Nabil Adjiriou
- Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (J.-C.R.); (N.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Anne-Virginie Desruelle
- Subaquatic Operational Research Team (ERRSO), Military Institute of Biomedical Research (IRBA), 83000 Toulon, France (C.R.); (A.-V.D.)
| | - Jean-Eric Blatteau
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées, 83000 Toulon, France (J.-E.B.)
| | - Régis Guieu
- Aix-Marseille University, 27 Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France (J.-C.R.); (N.A.); (R.G.)
| | - Nicolas Vallée
- Subaquatic Operational Research Team (ERRSO), Military Institute of Biomedical Research (IRBA), 83000 Toulon, France (C.R.); (A.-V.D.)
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Wang J, Zhou T. Unveiling gut microbiota's role: Bidirectional regulation of drug transport for improved safety. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39180410 DOI: 10.1002/med.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Drug safety is a paramount concern in the field of drug development, with researchers increasingly focusing on the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota in this context. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining drug safety. It can influence drug transport processes in the body through various mechanisms, thereby modulating their efficacy and toxicity. The main mechanisms include: (1) The gut microbiota directly interacts with drugs, altering their chemical structure to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy, thereby impacting drug transport mechanisms, drugs can also change the structure and abundance of gut bacteria; (2) bidirectional regulation of intestinal barrier permeability by gut microbiota, promoting the absorption of nontoxic drugs and inhibiting the absorption of toxic components; (3) bidirectional regulation of the expression and activity of transport proteins by gut microbiota, selectively promoting the absorption of effective components or inhibiting the absorption of toxic components. This bidirectional regulatory role enables the gut microbiota to play a key role in maintaining drug balance in the body and reducing adverse reactions. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms sheds light on novel approaches to minimize toxic side effects, enhance drug efficacy, and ultimately improve drug safety. This review systematically examines the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota in drug transportation from the aforementioned aspects, emphasizing their significance in ensuring drug safety. Furthermore, it offers a prospective outlook from the standpoint of enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing drug toxicity, underscoring the importance of further exploration in this research domain. It aims to provide more effective strategies for drug development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Liu X, Zhang F, Li M, Li R, Zhang Z, Xu J, Wen L, Li R. Supplementation of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract contributes to the improvement of intestinal health in swine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1417309. [PMID: 39234174 PMCID: PMC11373254 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1417309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ampelopsis grossedentata (vine tea), a high polyphenol content antioxidant plant resource, is renowned for its medicinal benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract (AGE) on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ability, enhancement of intestinal immunity, improvement of intestinal structure, and regulation of gut microbiota in swine. Methods A total of 135 weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a low-dose group, and a high-dose group. Pigs were weighed and blood was collected on days 36, 85, and 154. The feed intake was recorded daily to calculate growth performance parameters. On day 154, five to six pigs in each group were randomly selected and euthanized to obtain a small intestine to investigate the effects of AGE on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities and gut microbiota. Results The results showed that 500 mg/kg AGE increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and immune cytokines (IL-10, IgG, and IgA) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β) (p < 0.05) in serum. Additionally, 500 mg/kg AGE enhanced the antioxidant capacity by increasing the GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Discussion A total of 500 mg/kg AGE significantly increased the abundance of gut microbiota, enhanced the gut barrier, and modulated gut immunity. During the piglet phase, 500 mg/kg AGE increased the relative abundance of Prevotella (p < 0.05). During the growing-finishing phase, 500 mg/kg AGE increased the relative abundance of unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Overall, we recommended 500 mg/kg AGE as a routine addition dose for swine to improve porcine growth performance and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Changsha Lvye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
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Yu X, Zhao W, Liu Y, Lv J, Zhong X, Huang P. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy alleviates intestinal dysfunction following traumatic brain injury via m 6A regulation. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:2272-2284. [PMID: 39310263 PMCID: PMC11413893 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.97682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy can attenuate neurological impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and alleviate intestinal dysfunction. However, the role and mechanism of HBO therapy in intestinal dysfunction following TBI remain unclear. Herein, by establishing a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), we found that HBO therapy reduced histopathological lesions and decreased the levels of inflammatory and oedema proteins in the intestinal tissues of mice 10 days after TBI. We also showed that HBO therapy improved microbiome abundance and probiotic (particularly g_Bifidobacterium) colonisation in mice post-CCI. Then, we identified that the m6A level imcreased notably in injured cortical tissue of CCI+HBO group compared with the CCI group following CCI. Thus, our results suggested that HBO therapy could alleviate TBI-induced intestinal dysfunction and m6A might participate in this regulation process, which provides new insights for exploring the specific mechanism and targets of HBO in the treatment of intestinal dysfunction after TBI, thereby improving the therapeutic effect of HBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelai Yu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210031 Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210031 Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210031 Nanjing, China
| | - Jingchuan Lv
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 211102 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Peizan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210031 Nanjing, China
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9
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Hajjar R, Richard C, Santos MM. The gut barrier as a gatekeeper in colorectal cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2024; 15:562-572. [PMID: 39145528 PMCID: PMC11325587 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence rate of CRC remains alarmingly high despite screening measures. The main curative treatment for CRC is a surgical resection of the diseased bowel segment. Postoperative complications usually involve a weakened gut barrier and a dissemination of bacterial proinflammatory lipopolysaccharides. Herein we discuss how gut microbiota and microbial metabolites regulate basal inflammation levels in the gut and the healing process of the bowel after surgery. We further elaborate on the restoration of the gut barrier function in patients with CRC and how this potentially impacts the dissemination and implantation of CRC cells in extracolonic tissues, contributing therefore to worse survival after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Hajjar
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Surgery Service, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carole Richard
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Surgery Service, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Manuela M Santos
- Nutrition and Microbiome Laboratory, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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He Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Fu B, Xing J, Fu R, Lv J, Guo M, Huo X, Liu X, Lu J, Cao L, Du X, Ge Z, Chen Z, Lu X, Li C. Hypoxia exacerbates the malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells induced by long-term H. pylori infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0031124. [PMID: 38916312 PMCID: PMC11302036 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00311-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that resides in the human stomach and is classified as a class I carcinogen for gastric cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that H. pylori infection plays a role in regulating the function of host cells, thereby contributing to the malignant transformation of these cells. However, H. pylori infection is a chronic process, and short-term cellular experiments may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the in vivo situation, especially when considering the lower oxygen levels in the human stomach. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying gastric cell dysfunction after prolonged exposure to H. pylori under hypoxic conditions. We conducted a co-culture experiment using the gastric cell line GES-1 and H. pylori for 30 generations under intermittent hypoxic conditions. By closely monitoring cell proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis, we revealed that sustained H. pylori stimulation under hypoxic conditions significantly influences the function of GES-1 cells. This stimulation induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributes to the propensity for malignant transformation of gastric cells. To confirm the in vitro results, we conducted an experiment involving Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori for 85 weeks. All the results strongly suggest that the Nod1 receptor signaling pathway plays a crucial role in H. pylori-related apoptosis and autophagy. In summary, continuous stimulation by H. pylori affects the functioning of gastric cells through the Nod1 receptor signaling pathway, increasing the likelihood of cell carcinogenesis. The presence of hypoxic conditions further exacerbates this process.IMPORTANCEDeciphering the collaborative effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric epithelial cell function is key to unraveling the development mechanisms of gastric cancer. Prior research has solely examined the outcomes of short-term H. pylori stimulation on gastric epithelial cells under aerobic conditions, neglecting the bacterium's nature as a microaerophilic organism that leads to cancer following prolonged stomach colonization. This study mimics a more genuine in vivo infection scenario by repeatedly exposing gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori under hypoxic conditions for up to 30 generations. The results show that chronic exposure to H. pylori in hypoxia substantially increases cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while suppressing autophagy and apoptosis. This highlights the significance of hypoxic conditions in intensifying the carcinogenic impact of H. pylori infection. By accurately replicating the in vivo gastric environment, this study enhances our comprehension of H. pylori's pathogenic mechanisms in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xing
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuancheng Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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da Silva LMAV, Assunção WG, Bento VAA, Sachi VP, Colombo FE, Ique MMA, Faria BMA, Bertoz APDM. Assessment of the gut microbiota of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A systematic review. Sleep Med 2024; 120:56-64. [PMID: 38878352 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing promotes not only unfavorable craniofacial changes in untreated pediatric patients but also neurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and even long-term social alterations. This systematic review evaluated whether children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have different intestinal microbiota constitutions from healthy children and was based on the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42022360074). A total of 1562 clinical studies published between 2019 and 2023 were selected from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, of which five were included in the qualitative analysis, three being randomized and two prospective. The methodological quality was assessed (RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I) and all studies showed a negative effect of intervention. Sleep deprivation and intermittent hypoxia in children with OSAS seem to trigger a cascade of inflammatory pathways that exacerbate the tissue response to the release of reactive oxygen species and the generation of oxidative stress, leading to a reduction in oxygen supply to the intestinal mucosa and the integral destruction of the intestinal barrier. More evidence-based investigations are needed to optimize the identification of possible alterations in the gut microbiota of pediatric patients, given that its composition may be influenced by the patient's sleep quality and, consequently, by OSAS, showing quantitative and qualitative alterations compared to that found in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wirley Gonçalves Assunção
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Victor Perinazzo Sachi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Eduardo Colombo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Martin Adriazola Ique
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Martinatti Andrade Faria
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Pinheiro de Magalhães Bertoz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Kochanowsky R, Carothers K, Roxas BAP, Anwar F, Viswanathan VK, Vedantam G. Clostridioides difficile superoxide reductase mitigates oxygen sensitivity. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0017524. [PMID: 38953644 PMCID: PMC11270899 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00175-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile causes a serious diarrheal disease and is a common healthcare-associated bacterial pathogen. Although it has a major impact on human health, the mechanistic details of C. difficile intestinal colonization remain undefined. C. difficile is highly sensitive to oxygen and requires anaerobic conditions for in vitro growth. However, the mammalian gut is not devoid of oxygen, and C. difficile tolerates moderate oxidative stress in vivo. The C. difficile genome encodes several antioxidant proteins, including a predicted superoxide reductase (SOR) that is upregulated upon exposure to antimicrobial peptides. The goal of this study was to establish SOR enzymatic activity and assess its role in protecting C. difficile against oxygen exposure. Insertional inactivation of sor rendered C. difficile more sensitive to superoxide, indicating that SOR contributes to antioxidant defense. Heterologous C. difficile sor expression in Escherichia coli conferred protection against superoxide-dependent growth inhibition, and the corresponding cell lysates showed superoxide scavenging activity. Finally, a C. difficile SOR mutant exhibited global proteome changes under oxygen stress when compared to the parent strain. Collectively, our data establish the enzymatic activity of C. difficile SOR, confirm its role in protection against oxidative stress, and demonstrate SOR's broader impacts on the C. difficile vegetative cell proteome.IMPORTANCEClostridioides difficile is an important pathogen strongly associated with healthcare settings and capable of causing severe diarrheal disease. While considered a strict anaerobe in vitro, C. difficile has been shown to tolerate low levels of oxygen in the mammalian host. Among other well-characterized antioxidant proteins, the C. difficile genome encodes a predicted superoxide reductase (SOR), an understudied component of antioxidant defense in pathogens. The significance of the research reported herein is the characterization of SOR's enzymatic activity, including confirmation of its role in protecting C. difficile against oxidative stress. This furthers our understanding of C. difficile pathogenesis and presents a potential new avenue for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kochanowsky
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Katelyn Carothers
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Bryan Angelo P. Roxas
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Farhan Anwar
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - V. K. Viswanathan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gayatri Vedantam
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute for Collaborative Research, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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13
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Melki R, Litvak Y. From vacant to vivid: The nutritional landscape drives infant gut microbiota establishment. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 39044538 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
From the moment of birth, the newborn gastrointestinal tract is infiltrated by various bacteria originating from both maternal and environmental sources. These colonizing bacteria form a complex microbiota community that undergoes continuous changes until adulthood and plays an important role in infant health. The maturation of the infant gut microbiota is driven by many factors and follows a distinct patterned trajectory, with specific bacterial taxa establish in the intestine in accordance with developmental milestones as the infant grows. In this review, we highlight how elements such as diet and host physiology select for specific microbial functions and shape the composition of the bacterial community in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Melki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Litvak
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Senthakumaran T, Tannæs TM, Moen AEF, Brackmann SA, Jahanlu D, Rounge TB, Bemanian V, Tunsjø HS. Detection of colorectal-cancer-associated bacterial taxa in fecal samples using next-generation sequencing and 19 newly established qPCR assays. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38970464 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified increased levels of distinct bacterial taxa within mucosal biopsies from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Following prior research, the aim of this study was to investigate the detection of the same CRC-associated bacteria in fecal samples and to evaluate the suitability of fecal samples as a non-invasive material for the detection of CRC-associated bacteria. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) V4 region was performed to evaluate the detection of the CRC-associated bacteria in the fecal microbiota of cancer patients, patients with adenomatous polyp and healthy controls. Furthermore, 19 novel species-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were established to detect the CRC-associated bacteria. Approximately, 75% of the bacterial taxa identified in biopsies were reflected in fecal samples. NGS failed to detect low-abundance CRC-associated taxa in fecal samples, whereas qPCR exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in identifying all targeted taxa. Comparison of fecal microbial composition between the different patient groups showed enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Gemella morbillorum in cancer patients. Our findings suggest that low-abundance mucosa-associated bacteria can be detected in fecal samples using sensitive qPCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tone M Tannæs
- Section for Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina E F Moen
- Section for Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan A Brackmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - David Jahanlu
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Trine B Rounge
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vahid Bemanian
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hege S Tunsjø
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
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15
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Ye D, Nguyen PT, Bourgault S, Couture M. The heme binding protein ChuX is a regulator of heme degradation by the ChuS protein in Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112575. [PMID: 38678912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 possesses an 8-gene cluster (chu genes) that contains genes involved in heme transport and processing from the human host. Among the chu genes, four encode cytoplasmic proteins (ChuS, ChuX, ChuY and ChuW). ChuX was previously shown to be a heme binding protein and to assist ChuW in heme degradation under anaerobic conditions. The purpose of this work was to investigate if ChuX works in concert with ChuS, which is a protein able to degrade heme by a non-canonical mechanism and release the iron from the porphyrin under aerobic conditions using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. We showed that when the heme-bound ChuX and apo-ChuS protein are mixed, heme is efficiently transferred from ChuX to ChuS. Heme-bound ChuX displayed a peroxidase activity with ABTS and H2O2 but not heme-bound ChuS, which is an efficient test to determine the protein to which heme is bound in the ChuS-ChuX complex. We found that ChuX protects heme from chemical oxidation and that it has no heme degradation activity by itself. Unexpectedly, we found that ChuX inhibits heme degradation by ChuS and stops the reaction at an early intermediate. We determined using surface plasmon resonance that ChuX interacts with ChuS and that it forms a relatively stable complex. These results indicate that ChuX in addition to its heme transfer activity is a regulator of ChuS activity, a function that was not described before for any of the heme carrier protein that delivers heme to heme degradation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) and PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada; Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phuong Trang Nguyen
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Montreal, QC, Canada; Departement of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Montreal, QC, Canada; Departement of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Couture
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) and PROTEO, Université Laval, Quebec city, QC, Canada; Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications (PROTEO), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Benej M, Hoyd R, Kreamer M, Wheeler CE, Grencewicz DJ, Choueiry F, Chan CHF, Zakharia Y, Ma Q, Dodd RD, Ulrich CM, Hardikar S, Churchman ML, Tarhini AA, Robinson LA, Singer EA, Ikeguchi AP, McCarter MD, Tinoco G, Husain M, Jin N, Tan AC, Osman AEG, Eljilany I, Riedlinger G, Schneider BP, Benejova K, Kery M, Papandreou I, Zhu J, Denko N, Spakowicz D. The Tumor Microbiome Reacts to Hypoxia and Can Influence Response to Radiation Treatment in Colorectal Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1690-1701. [PMID: 38904265 PMCID: PMC11234499 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia has been shown to predict poor patient outcomes in several cancer types, partially because it reduces radiation's ability to kill cells. We hypothesized that some of the clinical effects of hypoxia could also be due to its impact on the tumor microbiome. Therefore, we examined the RNA sequencing data from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network database of patients with colorectal cancer treated with radiotherapy. We identified microbial RNAs for each tumor and related them to the hypoxic gene expression scores calculated from host mRNA. Our analysis showed that the hypoxia expression score predicted poor patient outcomes and identified tumors enriched with certain microbes such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. The presence of other microbes, such as Fusobacterium canifelinum, predicted poor patient outcomes, suggesting a potential interaction between hypoxia, the microbiome, and radiation response. To experimentally investigate this concept, we implanted CT26 colorectal cancer cells into immune-competent BALB/c and immune-deficient athymic nude mice. After growth, in which tumors passively acquired microbes from the gastrointestinal tract, we harvested tumors, extracted nucleic acids, and sequenced host and microbial RNAs. We stratified tumors based on their hypoxia score and performed a metatranscriptomic analysis of microbial gene expression. In addition to hypoxia-tropic and -phobic microbial populations, analysis of microbial gene expression at the strain level showed expression differences based on the hypoxia score. Thus, hypoxia gene expression scores seem to associate with different microbial populations and elicit an adaptive transcriptional response in intratumoral microbes, potentially influencing clinical outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Tumor hypoxia reduces radiotherapy efficacy. In this study, we explored whether some of the clinical effects of hypoxia could be due to interaction with the tumor microbiome. Hypoxic gene expression scores associated with certain microbes and elicited an adaptive transcriptional response in others that could contribute to poor clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Benej
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - McKenzie Kreamer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Caroline E Wheeler
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dennis J Grencewicz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carlos H F Chan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Division of Oncology, Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rebecca D Dodd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lary A Robinson
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A Singer
- Department of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alexandra P Ikeguchi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Stephenson Cancer Center of University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gabriel Tinoco
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marium Husain
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ning Jin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aik C Tan
- Department of Oncological Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Afaf E G Osman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Islam Eljilany
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Clinical Science Lab, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gregory Riedlinger
- Department of Precision Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Katarina Benejova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Martin Kery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel Spakowicz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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17
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El Morr Y, Fürstenheim M, Mestdagh M, Franciszkiewicz K, Salou M, Morvan C, Dupré T, Vorobev A, Jneid B, Premel V, Darbois A, Perrin L, Mondot S, Colombeau L, Bugaut H, du Halgouet A, Richon S, Procopio E, Maurin M, Philippe C, Rodriguez R, Lantz O, Legoux F. MAIT cells monitor intestinal dysbiosis and contribute to host protection during colitis. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi8954. [PMID: 38905325 PMCID: PMC7616241 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi8954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation shifts microbiota composition and metabolism. How the host monitors and responds to such changes remains unclear. Here, we describe a protective mechanism by which mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells detect microbiota metabolites produced upon intestinal inflammation and promote tissue repair. At steady state, MAIT ligands derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway were produced by aerotolerant bacteria residing in the colonic mucosa. Experimental colitis triggered luminal expansion of riboflavin-producing bacteria, leading to increased production of MAIT ligands. Modulation of intestinal oxygen levels suggested a role for oxygen in inducing MAIT ligand production. MAIT ligands produced in the colon rapidly crossed the intestinal barrier and activated MAIT cells, which expressed tissue-repair genes and produced barrier-promoting mediators during colitis. Mice lacking MAIT cells were more susceptible to colitis and colitis-driven colorectal cancer. Thus, MAIT cells are sensitive to a bacterial metabolic pathway indicative of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara El Morr
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mariela Fürstenheim
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martin Mestdagh
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Marion Salou
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claire Morvan
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015Paris, France
| | - Thierry Dupré
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Bichat AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexey Vorobev
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Bakhos Jneid
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Premel
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Darbois
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Perrin
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ludovic Colombeau
- CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, PSL University, Institut Curie, 75005Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bugaut
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Richon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Emanuele Procopio
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Institut Micalis, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raphael Rodriguez
- CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, PSL University, Institut Curie, 75005Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’immunologie clinique, Institut Curie, 75005Paris, France
- Centre d’investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428), Paris, France
| | - François Legoux
- Institut Curie, PSL University, Inserm U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL1305, CNRS UMR6290, Université de Rennes, Institut de Génétique & Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
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18
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de Carvalho BT, Subotić A, Vandecruys P, Deleu S, Vermeire S, Thevelein JM. Enhancing probiotic impact: engineering Saccharomyces boulardii for optimal acetic acid production and gastric passage tolerance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0032524. [PMID: 38752748 PMCID: PMC11218656 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00325-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii has been a subject of growing interest due to its potential as a probiotic microorganism with applications in gastrointestinal health, but the molecular cause for its probiotic potency has remained elusive. The recent discovery that S. boulardii contains unique mutations causing high acetic acid accumulation and inhibition of bacterial growth provides a possible clue. The natural S. boulardii isolates Sb.P and Sb.A are homozygous for the recessive mutation whi2S270* and accumulate unusually high amounts of acetic acid, which strongly inhibit bacterial growth. However, the homozygous whi2S270* mutation also leads to acetic acid sensitivity and acid sensitivity in general. In the present study, we have constructed a new S. boulardii strain, derived from the widely therapeutically used CMCN I-745 strain (isolated from the pharmaceutical product Enterol), producing even higher levels of acetic acid while keeping the same tolerance toward low pH as the parent Enterol (ENT) strain. This newly engineered strain, named ENT3, has a homozygous deletion of ACH1 and strong overexpression of ALD4. It is also able to accumulate much higher acetic acid concentrations when growing on low glucose levels, in contrast to the ENT wild-type and Sb.P strains. Moreover, we show the antimicrobial capacity of ENT3 against gut pathogens in vitro and observed that higher acetic acid production might correlate with better persistence in the gut in healthy mice. These findings underscore the possible role of the unique acetic acid production and its potential for improvement of the probiotic action of S. boulardii.IMPORTANCESuperior variants of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii produce high levels of acetic acid, which inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens. However, these strains also show increased acid sensitivity, which can compromise the viability of the cells during their passage through the stomach. In this work, we have developed by genetic engineering a variant of Saccharomyces boulardii that produces even higher levels of acetic acid and does not show enhanced acid sensitivity. We also show that the S. boulardii yeasts with higher acetic acid production persist longer in the gut, in agreement with a previous work indicating competition between probiotic yeast and bacteria for residence in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Subotić
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sara Deleu
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan M. Thevelein
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
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19
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Ioachimescu OC. State of the art: Alternative overlap syndrome-asthma and obstructive sleep apnea. J Investig Med 2024:10815589241249993. [PMID: 38715213 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241249993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In the general population, Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are among the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders. Significant epidemiologic connections and complex pathogenetic pathways link these disorders via complex interactions at genetic, epigenetic, and environmental levels. The coexistence of BA and OSA in an individual likely represents a distinct syndrome, that is, a collection of clinical manifestations attributable to several mechanisms and pathobiological signatures. To avoid terminological confusion, this association has been named alternative overlap syndrome (vs overlap syndrome represented by the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-OSA association). This comprehensive review summarizes the complex, often bidirectional links between the constituents of the alternative overlap syndrome. Cross-sectional, population, or clinic-based studies are unlikely to elucidate causality or directionality in these relationships. Even longitudinal epidemiological evaluations in BA cohorts developing over time OSA, or OSA cohorts developing BA during follow-up cannot exclude time factors or causal influence of other known or unknown mediators. As such, a lot of pathophysiological interactions described here have suggestive evidence, biological plausibility, potential or actual directionality. By showcasing existing evidence and current knowledge gaps, the hope is that deliberate, focused, and collaborative efforts in the near-future will be geared toward opportunities to shine light on the unknowns and accelerate discovery in this field of health, clinical care, education, research, and scholarly endeavors.
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20
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Firrman J, Friedman ES, Hecht A, Strange WC, Narrowe AB, Mahalak K, Wu GD, Liu L. Preservation of conjugated primary bile acids by oxygenation of the small intestinal microbiota in vitro. mBio 2024; 15:e0094324. [PMID: 38727244 PMCID: PMC11237543 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00943-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids play a critical role in the emulsification of dietary lipids, a critical step in the primary function of the small intestine, which is the digestion and absorption of food. Primary bile acids delivered into the small intestine are conjugated to enhance functionality, in part, by increasing aqueous solubility and preventing passive diffusion of bile acids out of the gut lumen. Bile acid function can be disrupted by the gut microbiota via the deconjugation of primary bile acids by bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), leading to their conversion into secondary bile acids through the expression of bacterial bile acid-inducible genes, a process often observed in malabsorption due to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. By modeling the small intestinal microbiota in vitro using human small intestinal ileostomy effluent as the inocula, we show here that the infusion of physiologically relevant levels of oxygen, normally found in the proximal small intestine, reduced deconjugation of primary bile acids, in part, through the expansion of bacterial taxa known to have a low abundance of BSHs. Further recapitulating the small intestinal bile acid composition of the small intestine, limited conversion of primary into secondary bile acids was observed. Remarkably, these effects were preserved among four separate communities, each inoculated with a different small intestinal microbiota, despite a high degree of taxonomic variability under both anoxic and aerobic conditions. In total, these results provide evidence for a previously unrecognized role that the oxygenated environment of the small intestine plays in the maintenance of normal digestive physiology. IMPORTANCE Conjugated primary bile acids are produced by the liver and exist at high concentrations in the proximal small intestine, where they are critical for proper digestion. Deconjugation of these bile acids with subsequent transformation via dehydroxylation into secondary bile acids is regulated by the colonic gut microbiota and reduces their digestive function. Using an in vitro platform modeling the small intestinal microbiota, we analyzed the ability of this community to transform primary bile acids and studied the effect of physiological levels of oxygen normally found in the proximal small intestine (5%) on this metabolic process. We found that oxygenation of the small intestinal microbiota inhibited the deconjugation of primary bile acids in vitro. These findings suggest that luminal oxygen levels normally found in the small intestine may maintain the optimal role of bile acids in the digestive process by regulating bile acid conversion by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elliot S. Friedman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron Hecht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William C. Strange
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adrienne B. Narrowe
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karley Mahalak
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Oladele P, Ngo J, Chang T, Johnson TA. Temporal dynamics of fecal microbiota community succession in broiler chickens, calves, and piglets under aerobic exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0408423. [PMID: 38717193 PMCID: PMC11237419 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04084-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers have extensively studied the effect of oxygen on the growth and survival of bacteria. However, the impact of oxygen on bacterial community structure, particularly its ability to select for taxa within the context of a complex microbial community, is still unclear. In a 21-day microcosm experiment, we investigated the effect of aerobic exposure on the fecal community structure and succession pattern in broiler, calf, and piglet feces (n = 10 for each feces type). Bacterial diversity decreased and community structure changed rapidly in the broiler microbiome (P < 0.001), while the fecal community of calves and piglets, which have higher initial diversity, was stable after initial exposure but decreased in diversity after 3 days (P < 0.001). The response to aerobic exposure was host animal specific, but in all three animals, the change in community structure was driven by a decrease in anaerobic species, primarily belonging to Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (except in broilers where Bacteroidetes increased), along with an increase in aerobic species belonging to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Using random forest regression, we identified microbial features that predict aerobic exposure. In all three animals, host-beneficial Prevotella-related ASVs decreased after exposure, while ASVs belonging to Acinetobacter, Corynbacterium, and Tissierella were increased. The decrease of Prevotella was rapid in broilers but delayed in calves and piglets. Knowing when these pathobionts increase in abundance after aerobic exposure could inform farm sanitation practices and could be important in designing animal experiments that modulate the microbiome.IMPORTANCEThe fecal microbial community is contained within a dynamic ecosystem of interacting microbes that varies in biotic and abiotic components across different animal species. Although oxygen affects bacterial growth, its specific impact on the structure of complex communities, such as those found in feces, and how these effects vary between different animal species are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the effect of aerobic exposure on the fecal microbiota was host-animal-specific, primarily driven by a decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but accompanied by an increase in Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and other pathobionts. Interestingly, we observed that more complex communities from pig and cattle exhibited initial resilience, while a less diverse community from broilers displayed a rapid response to aerobic exposure. Our findings offer insights that can inform farm sanitation practices, as well as experimental design, sample collection, and processing protocols for microbiome studies across various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Oladele
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Ngo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tiffany Chang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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22
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Zhao X, Pang J, Zhang W, Peng X, Yang Z, Bai G, Xia Y. Tryptophan metabolism and piglet diarrhea: Where we stand and the challenges ahead. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:123-133. [PMID: 38766516 PMCID: PMC11101943 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal architecture of piglets is vulnerable to disruption during weaning transition and leads to diarrhea, frequently accompanied by inflammation and metabolic disturbances (including amino acid metabolism). Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in orchestrating intestinal immune tolerance through its metabolism via the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or indole pathways, which could be dictated by the gut microbiota either directly or indirectly. Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between piglet diarrhea and Trp metabolism. Here we aim to summarize the intricate balance of microbiota-host crosstalk by analyzing alterations in both the host and microbial pathways of Trp and discuss how Trp metabolism may affect piglet diarrhea. Overall, this review could provide valuable insights to explore effective strategies for managing piglet diarrhea and the related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wanghong Zhang
- Yunnan Vocational College of Agriculture, Kunming 650211, China
| | - Xie Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangdong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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23
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Li Y, Sun R, Lai C, Liu K, Yang H, Peng Z, Xu D, Huang F, Tang K, Peng Y, Liu X. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates intestinal and systematic inflammation by modulating dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in Crohn's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:518. [PMID: 38816750 PMCID: PMC11137967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is pivotal in Crohn's disease (CD) and modulated by host physiological conditions. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a promising treatment for CD that can regulate gut microbiota. The relationship between HBOT and the gut microbiota in CD remains unknown. METHODS CD patients were divided into an HBOT group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10) in this open-label prospective interventional study. The fecal samples before and after HBOT were used for 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). A colitis mouse model was constructed using dextran sulfate sodium, and intestinal and systematic inflammation was evaluated. The safety and long-term effect of HBOT were observed. RESULTS HBOT significantly reduced the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) (80.79 ± 42.05 mg/L vs. 33.32 ± 18.31 mg/L, P = 0.004) and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (274.87 ± 65.54 vs. 221.54 ± 41.89, P = 0.044). HBOT elevated the declined microbial diversity and ameliorated the altered composition of gut microbiota in patients with CD. The relative abundance of Escherichia decreased, and that of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium XIVa increased after HBOT. Mice receiving FMT from donors after HBOT had significantly less intestinal inflammation and serum CRP than the group before HBOT. HBOT was safe and well-tolerated by patients with CD. Combined with ustekinumab, more patients treated with HBOT achieved clinical response (30%vs.70%, P = 0.089) and remission (20%vs.50%, P = 0.160) at week 4. CONCLUSIONS HBOT modulates the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in CD and ameliorates intestinal and systematic inflammation. HBOT is a safe option for CD and exhibits a promising auxiliary effect to ustekinumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200061193. Registered 15 June 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=171605 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ruizheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chen Lai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kezhen Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ziheng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fangling Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Keke Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Research Center for Geriatric Disorder, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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24
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Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. Exploring the lung-gut direction of the gut-lung axis in patients with ARDS. Crit Care 2024; 28:179. [PMID: 38802959 PMCID: PMC11131229 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a life-threatening inflammatory reaction marked by refractory hypoxaemia and pulmonary oedema. Despite advancements in treatment perspectives, ARDS still carries a high mortality rate, often due to systemic inflammatory responses leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Indeed, the deterioration and associated mortality in patients with acute lung injury (LI)/ARDS is believed to originate alongside respiratory failure mainly from the involvement of extrapulmonary organs, a consequence of the complex interaction between initial inflammatory cascades related to the primary event and ongoing mechanical ventilation-induced injury resulting in multiple organ failure (MOF) and potentially death. Even though recent research has increasingly highlighted the role of the gastrointestinal tract in this process, the pathophysiology of gut dysfunction in patients with ARDS remains mainly underexplored. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between lung and gut in patients with LI/ARDS. We will examine various factors, including systemic inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV), hypercapnia, and gut dysbiosis. Understanding these factors and their interaction may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of ARDS and potential therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Ziaka
- Clinic of Geriatric Medicine, Center of Geriatric Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Li H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Gao F, Ye X, Lin R, Wen M. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α inhibits heat stress-induced pig intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis through eif2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171649. [PMID: 38485018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Unstoppable global warming and increased frequency of extreme heat leads to human and animals easier to suffer from heat stress (HS), with gastrointestinal abnormalities as one of the initial clinical symptoms. HS induces intestinal mucosal damage owing to intestinal hypoxia and hyperthermia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activates numerous genes to mediate cell hypoxic responses; however, its role in HS-treated intestinal mucosa is unknown. This work aimed to explore HIF-1α function and regulatory mechanisms in HS-treated pig intestines. We assigned 10 pigs to control and moderate HS groups. Physical signs, stress, and antioxidant levels were detected, and the intestines were harvested after 72 h of HS treatment to study histological changes and HIF-1α, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD-2) expression. In addition, porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) underwent HS treatment (42 °C, 5 % O2) to further explore the functions and regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α. The results of histological examination revealed HS caused intestinal villi damage and increased apoptotic epithelial cell; the expression of HIF-1α and HSP90 increased while PHD-2 showed and opposite trend. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that HS activated HIF-1 signaling. To further explore the role of HIF-1α on HS induced IPEC-J2 apoptosis, the HIF-1α was interfered and overexpression respectively, and the result confirmed that HIF-1α could inhibited cell apoptosis under HS. Furthermore, HS-induced apoptosis depends on eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eif2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) pathway, and HIF-1α can inhibit this pathway to alleviate IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis. In conclusion, this study suggests that HS can promote intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and cause pig intestinal mucosal barrier damage; the HIF-1α can alleviate cell apoptosis by inhibiting eif2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling. These results indicate that HIF-1α plays a protective role in HS, and offers a potential target for HS prevention and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Rutao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
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26
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Giridhar P, Pradhan S, Dokania S, Venkatesulu B, Sarode R, Welsh JS. Microbiome and Abdominopelvic Radiotherapy Related Chronic Enteritis: A Microbiome-based Mechanistic Role of Probiotics and Antibiotics. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:246-252. [PMID: 38193365 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain after radiotherapy continue to be a problem in cancer survivors. Gut microbiomes are essential for preventing intestinal inflammation, maintaining intestinal integrity, maintaining enterohepatic circulation, regulating bile acid metabolism, and absorption of nutrients, including fat-soluble vitamins. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is expected to cause inflammation, bile acid malabsorption, malnutrition, and associated symptoms. Postradiotherapy, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum are significantly decreased while Fusobacteria and other unclassified bacteria are increased. Available evidence suggests harmful bacteria Veillonella, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Ruminococcus are sensitive to Metronidazole or Ciprofloxacin. Beneficial bacteria lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are relatively resistant to metronidazole. We hypothesize and provide an evidence-based review that short-course targeted antibiotics followed by specific probiotics may lead to alleviation of radiation enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bhanuprasad Venkatesulu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MPMMCC/HBCH Varanasi Edward Hines Veteran Affairs Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Rahul Sarode
- Department of Microbiology, Mahamana Pandit Madanmohan Malaviya Cancer Centre/Homi Bhabha Cancer hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - James S Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MPMMCC/HBCH Varanasi Edward Hines Veteran Affairs Hospital, Chicago, IL
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27
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Furst A, Gill T. Exploring the role of gut microbes in spondyloarthritis: Implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2024; 38:101961. [PMID: 38851970 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating host immunity, and dysregulation of this interaction is implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including spondyloarthritis (SpA). This review explores microbial dysbiosis and altered metabolic function observed in various forms of SpA, such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), acute anterior uveitis (AAU), and SpA-associated gut inflammation. Studies on animal models and clinical samples highlight the association between gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolic perturbations and immune dysregulation in SpA pathogenesis. These studies have received impetus through next-generation sequencing methods, which have enabled the characterization of gut microbial composition and function, and host gene expression. Microbial/metabolomic studies have revealed potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, such as short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites, offering insights into disease mechanisms and treatment approaches. Further studies on microbial function and its modulation of the immune response have uncovered molecular mechanisms underlying various SpA. Understanding the complex interplay between microbial community structure and function holds promise for improved diagnosis and management of SpA and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Furst
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tejpal Gill
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Shimshoni E, Solomonov I, Sagi I, Ghini V. Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics of Symptomatic and Early Presymptomatic States of Colitis. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1420-1432. [PMID: 38497760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colitis has a multifactorial pathogenesis with a strong cross-talk among microbiota, hypoxia, and tissue metabolism. Here, we aimed to characterize the molecular signature of the disease in symptomatic and presymptomatic stages of the inflammatory process at the tissue and fecal level. The study is based on two different murine models for colitis, and HR-MAS NMR on "intact" colon tissues and LC-MS/MS on colon tissue extracts were used to derive untargeted metabolomics and proteomics information, respectively. Solution NMR was used to derive metabolomic profiles of the fecal extracts. By combining metabolomic and proteomic analyses of the tissues, we found increased anaerobic glycolysis, accompanied by an altered citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in inflamed colons; these changes associate with inflammation-induced hypoxia taking place in colon tissues. Different colitis states were also characterized by significantly different metabolomic profiles of fecal extracts, attributable to both the dysbiosis characteristic of colitis as well as the dysregulated tissue metabolism. Strong and distinctive tissue and fecal metabolomic signatures can be detected before the onset of symptoms. Therefore, untargeted metabolomics of tissues and fecal extracts provides a comprehensive picture of the changes accompanying the disease onset already at preclinical stages, highlighting the diagnostic potential of global metabolomics for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
- Center of Magnetic Resonance (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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Dreyer A, Lenz C, Groß U, Bohne W, Zautner AE. Comparative analysis of proteomic adaptations in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium after long term bile acid exposure. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:110. [PMID: 38570789 PMCID: PMC10988882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All gastrointestinal pathogens, including Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, undergo adaptation processes during colonization and infection. In this study, we investigated by data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) two crucial adaptations of these two Enterococcus species at the proteome level. Firstly, we examined the adjustments to cope with bile acid concentrations at 0.05% that the pathogens encounter during a potential gallbladder infection. Therefore, we chose the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA), as these are the most prominent bile acids. Secondly, we investigated the adaptations from an aerobic to a microaerophilic environment, as encountered after oral-fecal infection, in the absence and presence of deoxycholic acid (DCA). RESULTS Our findings showed similarities, but also species-specific variations in the response to the different bile acids. Both Enterococcus species showed an IC50 in the range of 0.01- 0.023% for DCA and CDCA in growth experiments and both species were resistant towards 0.05% CA. DCA and CDCA had a strong effect on down-expression of proteins involved in translation, transcription and replication in E. faecalis (424 down-expressed proteins with DCA, 376 down-expressed proteins with CDCA) and in E. faecium (362 down-expressed proteins with DCA, 391 down-expressed proteins with CDCA). Proteins commonly significantly altered in their expression in all bile acid treated samples were identified for both species and represent a "general bile acid response". Among these, various subunits of a V-type ATPase, different ABC-transporters, multi-drug transporters and proteins related to cell wall biogenesis were up-expressed in both species and thus seem to play an essential role in bile acid resistance. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were also identified when E. faecalis was incubated with low levels of DCA at microaerophilic conditions instead of aerobic conditions, indicating that adaptations to bile acids and to a microaerophilic atmosphere can occur simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide a detailed insight into the proteomic stress response of two Enterococcus species and help to understand the resistance potential and the stress-coping mechanisms of these important gastrointestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dreyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bohne
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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30
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Olczak T, Śmiga M, Antonyuk SV, Smalley JW. Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0013123. [PMID: 38305743 PMCID: PMC10966948 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00131-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX, FePPIX) is the main source of iron and PPIX for host-associated pathogenic bacteria, including members of the Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) phylum. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone oral pathogen, uses a unique heme uptake (Hmu) system, comprising a hemophore-like protein, designated as the first member of the novel HmuY family. Compared to classical, secreted hemophores utilized by Gram-negative bacteria or near-iron transporter domain-based hemophores utilized by Gram-positive bacteria, the HmuY family comprises structurally similar proteins that have undergone diversification during evolution. The best characterized are P. gingivalis HmuY and its homologs from Tannerella forsythia (Tfo), Prevotella intermedia (PinO and PinA), Bacteroides vulgatus (Bvu), and Bacteroides fragilis (BfrA, BfrB, and BfrC). In contrast to the two histidine residues coordinating heme iron in P. gingivalis HmuY, Tfo, PinO, PinA, Bvu, and BfrA preferentially use two methionine residues. Interestingly, BfrB, despite conserved methionine residue, binds the PPIX ring without iron coordination. BfrC binds neither heme nor PPIX in keeping with the lack of conserved histidine or methionine residues used by other members of the HmuY family. HmuY competes for heme binding and heme sequestration from host hemoproteins with other members of the HmuY family to increase P. gingivalis competitiveness. The participation of HmuY in the host immune response confirms its relevance in relation to the survival of P. gingivalis and its ability to induce dysbiosis not only in the oral microbiome but also in the gut microbiome or other host niches, leading to local injuries and involvement in comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Olczak
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Śmiga
- Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Svetlana V. Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John W. Smalley
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zhang H, Luo Y, Zhao X, Liu X. Engineering Proteus mirabilis improves antitumor efficacy via enhancing cytotoxic T cell responses. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200770. [PMID: 38596299 PMCID: PMC10937320 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy based on bioengineering of bacteria can effectively increase anticancer immune responses. However, few studies have investigated the antitumor potential of engineering Proteus mirabilis. Here, we genetically engineered P. mirabilis to overexpress Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) protein in a murine CT26 tumor model. We found that a large number of FlaB-expressing P. mirabilis colonized tumor tissues, enhanced T cell infiltration and secretion of cytokines and cytotoxic proteins in tumors, and significantly restrained tumor growth. Our results also showed that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells was elevated after treatment with FlaB-expressing P. mirabilis. In addition, combination therapy with FlaB-expressing P. mirabilis and PD-L1 blockade synergistically improved antitumor efficacy by enhancing infiltration of CD8+ cells. Furthermore, serum liver biochemical indices of mice increased in the short term in both the P. mirabilis and the FlaB-expressing P. mirabilis treatment groups but gradually recovered in the later stage of treatment so that FlaB protein expression did not increase the toxicity of P. mirabilis in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that P. mirabilis could serve as an engineered bacterium for bacterium-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yinlin Luo
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P.R. China
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Xiande Liu
- School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P.R. China
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32
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Versluis DM, Schoemaker R, Looijesteijn E, Geurts JM, Merks RM. 2'-Fucosyllactose helps butyrate producers outgrow competitors in infant gut microbiota simulations. iScience 2024; 27:109085. [PMID: 38380251 PMCID: PMC10877688 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A reduced capacity for butyrate production by the early infant gut microbiota is associated with negative health effects, such as inflammation and the development of allergies. Here, we develop new hypotheses on the effect of the prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) on butyrate production by the infant gut microbiota using a multiscale, spatiotemporal mathematical model of the infant gut. The model simulates a community of cross-feeding gut bacteria in metabolic detail. It represents the community as a grid of bacterial populations that exchange metabolites, using 20 different subspecies-specific metabolic networks taken from the AGORA database. The simulations predict that both GOS and 2'-FL promote the growth of Bifidobacterium, whereas butyrate producing bacteria are only consistently abundant in the presence of propane-1,2-diol, a product of 2'-FL metabolism. In absence of prebiotics or in presence of only GOS, however, Bacteroides vulgatus and Cutibacterium acnes outcompete butyrate producers by consuming intermediate metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Versluis
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Roeland M.H. Merks
- Leiden University, Institute of Biology, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University, Mathematical Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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33
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Lee C, Lee S, Yoo W. Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High-Fat Diet-Induced Colorectal Cancer. J Microbiol 2024; 62:153-165. [PMID: 38625645 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungrin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Dai N, Gu J, Luo Y, Tao Y, Chou Y, He Y, Qin H, Chen T, Fu X, Chen M, Xing Z. Impact of hyperoxia on the gut during critical illnesses. Crit Care 2024; 28:66. [PMID: 38429791 PMCID: PMC10905909 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen is typically delivered to patients via oxygen inhalation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), potentially resulting in systemic hyperoxia from liberal oxygen inhalation or localized hyperoxia in the lower body from peripheral venoarterial (VA) ECMO. Consequently, this exposes the gastrointestinal tract to excessive oxygen levels. Hyperoxia can trigger organ damage due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and is associated with increased mortality. The gut and gut microbiome play pivotal roles in critical illnesses and even small variations in oxygen levels can have a dramatic influence on the physiology and ecology of gut microbes. Here, we reviewed the emerging preclinical evidence which highlights how excessive inhaled oxygen can provoke diffuse villous damage, barrier dysfunction in the gut, and gut dysbiosis. The hallmark of this dysbiosis includes the expansion of oxygen-tolerant pathogens (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) and the depletion of beneficial oxygen-intolerant microbes (e.g., Muribaculaceae). Furthermore, we discussed potential impact of oxygen on the gut in various underlying critical illnesses involving inspiratory oxygen and peripheral VA-ECMO. Currently, the available findings in this area are somewhat controversial, and a consensus has not yet to be reached. It appears that targeting near-physiological oxygenation levels may offer a means to avoid hyperoxia-induced gut injury and hypoxia-induced mesenteric ischemia. However, the optimal oxygenation target may vary depending on special clinical conditions, including acute hypoxia in adults and neonates, as well as particular patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery or VA-ECMO support. Last, we outlined the current challenges and the need for future studies in this area. Insights into this vital ongoing research can assist clinicians in optimizing oxygenation for critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninan Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yanhong Luo
- First Clinical College, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanfa Tao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuehting Chou
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Wuhan Asian Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Han Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Kweichow Moutai Hospital, Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Zhouxiong Xing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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35
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Vorländer D, Schultz G, Hoffmann K, Rasch D, Dohnt K. PETR: A novel peristaltic mixed tubular bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1118-1143. [PMID: 38151924 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioreactor simulating human colonic conditions for in vitro cultivation of intestinal microbiota is presented. The PEristaltic mixed Tubular bioReactor (PETR) is modular designed and periodically kneaded to simulate intestinal peristalsis. The reactor is introduced, characterized from a bioprocess engineer's perspective and discussed in its ability to mimic colon conditions. PETR provides physiological temperature and appropriate anaerobic conditions, simulates intestinal peristalsis, and has a mean residence time of 32.8 ± 0.8 h comparable to the adult human colon. The single-tube design enables a time-constant and longitudinally progressive pH gradient from 5.5 to 7.0. Using a dialysis liquid containing high molecular weight polyethylene glycol, the integrated dialysis system efficiently absorbs short chain fatty acids (up to 60%) and water (on average 850 mL d-1 ). Cultivation of a typical gut bacterium (Bifidobacterium animalis) was performed to demonstrate the applicability for controlled microbiota cultivation. PETR is unique in combining simulation of the entire colon, peristaltic mixing, dialytic water and metabolite absorption, and a progressive pH gradient in a single-tube design. PETR is a further step to precise replication of colonic conditions in vitro for reliable and reproducible microbiota research, such as studying the effect of food compounds, prebiotics or probiotics, or the development and treatment of infections with enteric pathogens, but also for further medical applications such as drug delivery studies or to study the effect of drugs on and their degradation by the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vorländer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gábor Schultz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Hoffmann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Detlev Rasch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katrin Dohnt
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Ammer-Herrmenau C, Antweiler KL, Asendorf T, Beyer G, Buchholz SM, Cameron S, Capurso G, Damm M, Dang L, Frost F, Gomes A, Hamm J, Henker R, Hoffmeister A, Meinhardt C, Nawacki L, Nunes V, Panyko A, Pardo C, Phillip V, Pukitis A, Rasch S, Riekstina D, Rinja E, Ruiz-Rebollo ML, Sirtl S, Weingarten M, Sandru V, Woitalla J, Ellenrieder V, Neesse A. Gut microbiota predicts severity and reveals novel metabolic signatures in acute pancreatitis. Gut 2024; 73:485-495. [PMID: 38129103 PMCID: PMC10894816 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early disease prediction is challenging in acute pancreatitis (AP). Here, we prospectively investigate whether the microbiome predicts severity of AP (Pancreatitis-Microbiome As Predictor of Severity; P-MAPS) early at hospital admission. DESIGN Buccal and rectal microbial swabs were collected from 424 patients with AP within 72 hours of hospital admission in 15 European centres. All samples were sequenced by full-length 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Primary endpoint was the association of the orointestinal microbiome with the revised Atlanta classification (RAC). Secondary endpoints were mortality, length of hospital stay and severity (organ failure >48 hours and/or occurrence of pancreatic collections requiring intervention) as post hoc analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted from normalised microbial and corresponding clinical data to build classifiers for predicting severity. For functional profiling, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed and normalised enrichment scores calculated. RESULTS After data processing, 411 buccal and 391 rectal samples were analysed. The intestinal microbiome significantly differed for the RAC (Bray-Curtis, p value=0.009), mortality (Bray-Curtis, p value 0.006), length of hospital stay (Bray-Curtis, p=0.009) and severity (Bray-Curtis, p value=0.008). A classifier for severity with 16 different species and systemic inflammatory response syndrome achieved an area under the receiving operating characteristic (AUROC) of 85%, a positive predictive value of 67% and a negative predictive value of 94% outperforming established severity scores. GSEA revealed functional pathway units suggesting elevated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in severe AP. CONCLUSIONS The orointestinal microbiome predicts clinical hallmark features of AP, and SCFAs may be used for future diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04777812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kai L Antweiler
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Asendorf
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Soeren M Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Silke Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marko Damm
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Linh Dang
- Department Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antonio Gomes
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Professor Doctor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Jacob Hamm
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Robert Henker
- Medical Department II, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Medical Department II, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Meinhardt
- University Clinic of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, University Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lukasz Nawacki
- Collegium Medicum, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Vitor Nunes
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Professor Doctor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Arpad Panyko
- 4th Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Cesareo Pardo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Veit Phillip
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aldis Pukitis
- Center of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sebastian Rasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Riekstina
- Center of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ecaterina Rinja
- Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Simon Sirtl
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Weingarten
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Vasile Sandru
- Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Julia Woitalla
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Moreira de Gouveia MI, Bernalier-Donadille A, Jubelin G. Enterobacteriaceae in the Human Gut: Dynamics and Ecological Roles in Health and Disease. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:142. [PMID: 38534413 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health. Our review explores the prevalence and dynamics of Enterobacteriaceae, a bacterial family within the Proteobacteria phylum, in the human gut which represents a small fraction of the gut microbiota in healthy conditions. Even though their roles are not yet fully understood, Enterobacteriaceae and especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) play a part in creating an anaerobic environment, producing vitamins and protecting against pathogenic infections. The composition and residency of E. coli strains in the gut fluctuate among individuals and is influenced by many factors such as geography, diet and health. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in the microbial composition of the gut microbiota, is associated with various diseases, including obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders. A consistent pattern in dysbiosis is the expansion of Proteobacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae, which has been proposed as a potential marker for intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here we develop the potential mechanisms contributing to Enterobacteriaceae proliferation during dysbiosis, including changes in oxygen levels, alterations in mucosal substrates and dietary factors. Better knowledge of these mechanisms is important for developing strategies to restore a balanced gut microbiota and reduce the negative consequences of the Enterobacteriaceae bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory Jubelin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS UMR454, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Schmiedová L, Černá K, Li T, Těšický M, Kreisinger J, Vinkler M. Bacterial communities along parrot digestive and respiratory tracts: the effects of sample type, species and time. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:127-142. [PMID: 37222909 PMCID: PMC10830831 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Digestive and respiratory tracts are inhabited by rich bacterial communities that can vary between their different segments. In comparison with other bird taxa with developed caeca, parrots that lack caeca have relatively lower variability in intestinal morphology. Here, based on 16S rRNA metabarcoding, we describe variation in microbiota across different parts of parrot digestive and respiratory tracts both at interspecies and intraspecies levels. In domesticated budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), we describe the bacterial variation across eight selected sections of respiratory and digestive tracts, and three non-destructively collected sample types (faeces, and cloacal and oral swabs). Our results show important microbiota divergence between the upper and lower digestive tract, but similarities between respiratory tract and crop, and also between different intestinal segments. Faecal samples appear to provide a better proxy for intestinal microbiota composition than the cloacal swabs. Oral swabs had a similar bacterial composition as the crop and trachea. For a subset of tissues, we confirmed the same pattern also in six different parrot species. Finally, using the faeces and oral swabs in budgerigars, we revealed high oral, but low faecal microbiota stability during a 3-week period mimicking pre-experiment acclimation. Our findings provide a basis essential for microbiota-related experimental planning and result generalisation in non-poultry birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Schmiedová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Černá
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Těšický
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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39
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McCoy R, Oldroyd S, Yang W, Wang K, Hoven D, Bulmer D, Zilbauer M, Owens RM. In Vitro Models for Investigating Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306727. [PMID: 38155358 PMCID: PMC10885678 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a major threat worldwide due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens. In vitro models that can adequately mimic in vivo gastrointestinal physiology are in high demand to elucidate mechanisms behind pathogen infectivity, and to aid the design of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. There exists a trade-off between simple and high throughput models and those that are more complex and physiologically relevant. The complexity of the model used shall be guided by the biological question to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the intestine and the models that are developed to emulate this. Conventional models are discussed in addition to emerging models which employ engineering principles to equip them with necessary advanced monitoring capabilities for intestinal host-pathogen interrogation. Limitations of current models and future perspectives on the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Sophie Oldroyd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Kaixin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - Darius Hoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
| | - David Bulmer
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PDUK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome‐MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0AWUK
| | - Róisín M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0ASUK
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Abstract
Biogeography is the study of species distribution and diversity within an ecosystem and is at the core of how we understand ecosystem dynamics and interactions at the macroscale. In gut microbial communities, a historical reliance on bulk sequencing to probe community composition and dynamics has overlooked critical processes whereby microscale interactions affect systems-level microbiota function and the relationship with the host. In recent years, higher-resolution sequencing and novel single-cell level data have uncovered an incredible heterogeneity in microbial composition and have enabled a more nuanced spatial understanding of the gut microbiota. In an era when spatial transcriptomics and single-cell imaging and analysis have become key tools in mammalian cell and tissue biology, many of these techniques are now being applied to the microbiota. This fresh approach to intestinal biogeography has given important insights that span temporal and spatial scales, from the discovery of mucus encapsulation of the microbiota to the quantification of bacterial species throughout the gut. In this Review, we highlight emerging knowledge surrounding gut biogeography enabled by the observation and quantification of heterogeneity across multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle McCallum
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carolina Tropini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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41
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Tamama K, Kruckenberg KM, DiMartini AF. Gut and bladder fermentation syndromes: a narrative review. BMC Med 2024; 22:26. [PMID: 38246992 PMCID: PMC10801939 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the first clinical case of bladder fermentation syndrome (BFS) or urinary auto-brewery syndrome, which caused the patient to fail abstinence monitoring. In BFS, ethanol is generated by Crabtree-positive fermenting yeast Candida glabrata in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes. One crucial characteristic of BFS is the absence of alcoholic intoxication, as the bladder lumen contains transitional epithelium with low ethanol permeability. In contrast, patients with gut fermentation syndrome (GFS) or auto-brewery syndrome can spontaneously develop symptoms of ethanol intoxication even without any alcohol ingestion because of alcoholic fermentation in the gut lumen. In abstinence monitoring, a constellation of laboratory findings with positive urinary glucose and ethanol, negative ethanol metabolites, and the presence of yeast in urinalysis should raise suspicion for BFS, whereas endogenous ethanol production needs to be shown by a carbohydrate challenge test for GFS diagnosis. GFS patients will also likely fail abstinence monitoring because of the positive ethanol blood testing. BFS and GFS are treated by yeast eradication of fermenting microorganisms with antifungals (or antibiotics for bacterial GFS cases) and modification of underlying conditions (diabetes for BFS and gut dysbiosis for GFS). The under-recognition of these rare medical conditions has led to not only harm but also adverse legal consequences for patients, such as driving under the influence (DUI). GFS patients may be at risk of various alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tamama
- Clinical Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3477 Euler Way, UPMC Presbyterian Clinical Laboratory Building, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Katherine M Kruckenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrea F DiMartini
- Departments of Psychiatry and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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42
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Li C, Shi S. Gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced rats: disease-associated dysbiosis and metabolic disturbances. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1224396. [PMID: 38283743 PMCID: PMC10811599 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1224396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a key characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome, a chronic respiratory disorder. The mechanisms of CIH-induced metabolic disturbance and histopathological damage remain unclear. Methods CIH-induced rats underwent daily 8-h CIH, characterized by oxygen levels decreasing from 21% to 8.5% over 4 min, remaining for 2 min, and quickly returning to 21% for 1 min. The control rats received a continuous 21% oxygen supply. The levels of hypersensitive C reactive protein (h-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were measured by ELISA. Histological analysis of the soft palates was conducted using HE staining. The microbial profiling of fecal samples was carried out by Accu16STM assay. Untargeted metabolomics of serum and soft palate tissue samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS. The protein expression of cAMP-related pathways in the soft palate was determined by Western blot. Results After 28 h of CIH induction, a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in the serum, along with mucosal layer thickening and soft palate tissue hypertrophy. CIH induction altered the diversity and composition of fecal microbiota, specifically reducing beneficial bacteria while increasing harmful bacteria/opportunistic pathogens. Notably, CIH induction led to a significant enrichment of genera such as Dorea, Oscillibacter, Enteractinococcus, Paenibacillus, Globicatella, and Flaviflexus genera. Meanwhile, Additionally, CIH induction had a notable impact on 108 serum marker metabolites. These marker metabolites, primarily involving amino acids, organic acids, and a limited number of flavonoids or sterols, were associated with protein transport, digestion and absorption, amino acid synthesis and metabolism, as well as cancer development. Furthermore, these differential serum metabolites significantly affected 175 differential metabolites in soft palate tissue, mainly related to cancer development, signaling pathways, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide precursor or intermediate metabolism, respiratory processes, and disease. Importantly, CIH induction could significantly affect the expression of the cAMP pathway in soft palate tissue. Conclusions Our findings suggest that targeting differential metabolites in serum and soft palate tissue may represent a new approach to clinical intervention and treatment of OSA simulated by the CIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Song Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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43
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Sands C, Hedin KA, Vazquez-Uribe R, Sommer MOA. Saccharomyces boulardii promoters for control of gene expression in vivo. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38185666 PMCID: PMC10771652 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in the use of engineered microbes to deliver therapeutic activities has increased in recent years. The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii has been investigated for production of therapeutics in the gastrointestinal tract. Well-characterised promoters are a prerequisite for robust therapeutic expression in the gut; however, S. boulardii promoters have not yet been thoroughly characterised in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We present a thorough characterisation of the expression activities of 12 S. boulardii promoters in vitro in glucose, fructose, sucrose, inulin and acetate, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as well as in the murine gastrointestinal tract. Green fluorescent protein was used to report on promoter activity. Promoter expression was found to be carbon-source dependent, with inulin emerging as a favourable carbon source. Furthermore, relative promoter expression in vivo was highly correlated with expression in sucrose (R = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insights into S. boulardii promoter activity and aid in promoter selection in future studies utilising S. boulardii to produce therapeutics in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sands
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Alex Hedin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Morten Otto Alexander Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Fachi JL, Pral LP, Assis HC, Oliveira S, Rodovalho VR, dos Santos JAC, Fernandes MF, Matheus VA, Sesti-Costa R, Basso PJ, Flóro e Silva M, Câmara NOS, Giorgio S, Colonna M, Vinolo MAR. Hyperbaric oxygen augments susceptibility to C. difficile infection by impairing gut microbiota ability to stimulate the HIF-1α-IL-22 axis in ILC3. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2297872. [PMID: 38165200 PMCID: PMC10763646 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is a well-established method for improving tissue oxygenation and is typically used for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions, including infectious diseases. However, its effect on the intestinal mucosa, a microenvironment known to be physiologically hypoxic, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that daily treatment with hyperbaric oxygen affects gut microbiome composition, worsening antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Accordingly, HBO-treated mice were more susceptible to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), an enteric pathogen highly associated with antibiotic-induced colitis. These observations were closely linked with a decline in the level of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Butyrate, a SCFA produced primarily by anaerobic microbial species, mitigated HBO-induced susceptibility to CDI and increased epithelial barrier integrity by improving group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) responses. Mice displaying tissue-specific deletion of HIF-1 in RORγt-positive cells exhibited no protective effect of butyrate during CDI. In contrast, the reinforcement of HIF-1 signaling in RORγt-positive cells through the conditional deletion of VHL mitigated disease outcome, even after HBO therapy. Taken together, we conclude that HBO induces intestinal dysbiosis and impairs the production of SCFAs affecting the HIF-1α-IL-22 axis in ILC3 and worsening the response of mice to subsequent C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laís. P. Pral
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Helder C. Assis
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sarah Oliveira
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vinícius R. Rodovalho
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jefferson A. C. dos Santos
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariane F. Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valquíria A. Matheus
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. Basso
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Flóro e Silva
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco A. R. Vinolo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Zong W, Friedman ES, Allu SR, Firrman J, Tu V, Daniel SG, Bittinger K, Liu L, Vinogradov SA, Wu GD. Disruption of intestinal oxygen balance in acute colitis alters the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2361493. [PMID: 38958039 PMCID: PMC11225921 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2361493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The juxtaposition of well-oxygenated intestinal colonic tissue with an anerobic luminal environment supports a fundamentally important relationship that is altered in the setting of intestinal injury, a process likely to be relevant to diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, using two-color phosphorometry to non-invasively quantify both intestinal tissue and luminal oxygenation in real time, we show that intestinal injury induced by DSS colitis reduces intestinal tissue oxygenation in a spatially defined manner and increases the flux of oxygen from the tissue into the gut lumen. By characterizing the composition of the microbiome in both DSS colitis-affected gut and in a bioreactor containing a stable human fecal community exposed to microaerobic conditions, we provide evidence that the increased flux of oxygen into the gut lumen augments glycan degrading bacterial taxa rich in glycoside hydrolases which are known to inhabit gut mucosal surface. Continued disruption of the intestinal mucus barrier through such a mechanism may play a role in the perpetuation of the intestinal inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA ,USA
| | - Elliot S. Friedman
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenni Firrman
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Tu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA ,USA
| | - Scott G. Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA ,USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA ,USA
| | - LinShu Liu
- Dairy and Functional Foods Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Spari D, Zwicky SN, Yilmaz B, Salm L, Candinas D, Beldi G. Intestinal dysbiosis as an intraoperative predictor of septic complications: evidence from human surgical cohorts and preclinical models of peritoneal sepsis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22921. [PMID: 38129468 PMCID: PMC10739899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Major surgery exposes the intestinal microbiota to inflammatory and antibiotic stressors, which alter the microbiota composition of the intestinal lumen and fecal contents. However, it is not sufficiently understood, if such dysbiosis develops already during surgery and if alterations in microbiota may be the cause of surgical complications. End-of-surgery composition of the microbiota in the rectum was assessed in 41 patients undergoing either rectal or duodenopancreatic resection and was compared to baseline before surgery using 16S-rRNA sequencing. A subset of patients developed severe dysbiosis at the end of surgery, which was characterized by an overgrowth of the Proteobacteria phylum that includes the facultative pathogen E. coli. To test if dysbiosis impacts on surgical outcomes, dysbiosis was modeled in mice by a single oral administration of vancomycin prior to cecal ligation and puncture. Dysbiosis was associated with impaired post-surgical survival, dysregulation of the host's immune response, elevated bacterial virulence and reduced bacterial metabolism of carbon sources. In conclusion, dysbiosis can be detected already at the end of surgery in a fraction of patients undergoing major surgery. Modelling surgery-associated dysbiosis in mice using single-shot administration of vancomycin induced dysbiosis and resulted in elevated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spari
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone N Zwicky
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Salm
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Zhou B, Garber JM, Vlach J, Azadi P, Ng KKS, Escalante-Semerena JC, Szymanski CM. Campylobacter jejuni uses energy taxis and a dehydrogenase enzyme for l-fucose chemotaxis. mBio 2023; 14:e0273223. [PMID: 38032212 PMCID: PMC10746189 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02732-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, we identify a separate role for the Campylobacter jejuni l-fucose dehydrogenase in l-fucose chemotaxis and demonstrate that this mechanism is not only limited to C. jejuni but is also present in Burkholderia multivorans. We now hypothesize that l-fucose energy taxis may contribute to the reduction of l-fucose-metabolizing strains of C. jejuni from the gastrointestinal tract of breastfed infants, selecting for isolates with increased colonization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jolene M. Garber
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiri Vlach
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth K. S. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Nolte TM. 300-fold higher neuro- and immunotoxicity from low-redox transformation of carbamazepine. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:319-329. [PMID: 37927955 PMCID: PMC10622881 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current challenges in (eco)toxicology are in understanding the transformation of (reactive) substances, and how transformation affects toxic modes of action. Empirical assessment of transformation products of, practically an infinite number of substances, via experimentation, is impossible. Predicting transformation products for (benchmarking) compounds from conditions, facilitates risk analyses. This study applied calculus to predict transformation products of an important environmental and medicinal/toxicological marker, carbamazepine. As radicals are ubiquitous in humans and the environment, we looked into radical-mediated transformations of carbamazepine as a benchmark. We calculated proportions of their speciation states as function of redox conditions, which we took as pH and O2 concentration, describing transformation via covalent and ionic interactions. Formation of ring-contracted products with neuro-immunological activity is thermodynamically favored under anaerobic conditions and at low pH. Experimentally observed product distributions and toxicities reflect that pattern. Our predictive method may support toxicity predictions for other substances and conditions 'similar' to the current case study via interpolation. This paves the way for a more coherent, effective and easier risk assessment of transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M. Nolte
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud, University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Bartram E, Asai M, Gabant P, Wigneshweraraj S. Enhancing the antibacterial function of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle: when less is more. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0097523. [PMID: 37930328 PMCID: PMC10686094 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00975-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria confer multiple health benefits, including preventing the growth, colonization, or carriage of harmful bacteria in the gut. Bacteriocins are antibacterial peptides produced by diverse bacteria, and their production is tightly regulated and coordinated at the transcriptional level. A popular strategy for enhancing the antibacterial properties of probiotic bacteria is to retrofit them with the ability to overproduce heterologous bacteriocins. This is often achieved from non-native constitutive promoters or in response to host or pathogen signal from synthetic promoters. How the dysregulated overproduction of heterologous bacteriocins affects the fitness and antibacterial efficacy of the retrofitted probiotic bacteria is often overlooked. We have conferred the prototypical probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle (EcN) the ability to produce microcin C (McC) from the wild-type promoter and two mutant promoters that allow, relative to the wild-type promoter, high and low amounts of McC production. This was done by introducing specific changes to the sequence of the wild-type promoter driving transcription of the McC operon while ensuring that the modified promoters respond to native regulation. By studying the transcriptomic responses and antibacterial efficacy of the retrofitted EcN bacteria in a Galleria mellonella infection model of enterohemorrhagic E. coli, we show that EcN bacteria that produce the lowest amount of McC display the highest antibacterial efficacy with little-to-none undesired collateral impact on their fitness. The results highlight considerations researchers may take into account when retrofitting probiotic bacteria with heterogenous gene products for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic applications. Bacteria that resist killing by antibiotics are a major risk to modern medicine. The use of beneficial "probiotic" bacteria to make antibiotic-like compounds at the site of infection in the body is emerging as a popular alternative to the use of conventional antibiotics. A potential drawback of engineering probiotic bacteria in this way is that producing antibiotic-like compounds could impart undesired side effects on the performance of such bacteria, thereby compromising their intended use. This study highlights considerations researchers may take into account when engineering probiotic bacteria for therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bartram
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masanori Asai
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sivaramesh Wigneshweraraj
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Nara S, Parasher G, Malhotra BD, Rawat M. Novel role of folate (vitamin B9) released by fermenting bacteria under Human Intestine like environment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20226. [PMID: 37980374 PMCID: PMC10657476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been replicated in the anaerobic chamber of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Electroactive biomolecules released by the facultative anaerobes (Providencia rettgeri) under anoxic conditions have been studied for their potential role for redox balance. MALDI study reveals the presence of vitamin B9 (folate), 6-methylpterin, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and pteroic acid called pterin pool. ATR-FTIR studies further confirm the presence of the aromatic ring and side chains of folate, 6-methylpterin and PABA groups. The photoluminescence spectra of the pool exhibit the maximum emission at 420, 425, 440, and 445 nm when excited by 310, 325, 350, and 365 nm wavelengths (day 20 sample) highlighting the presence of tunable bands. The cyclic voltammetric studies indicate the active participation of pterin pool molecules in the transfer of electrons with redox potentials at - 0.2 V and - 0.4 V for p-aminobenzoate and pterin groups, respectively. In addition, it is observed that under prolonged conditions of continuous oxidative stress (> 20 days), quinonoid tetrahydrofolate is formed, leading to temporary storage of charge. The results of the present study may potentially be useful in designing effective therapeutic strategies for the management of various GI diseases by promoting or blocking folate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Nara
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Gulshan Parasher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bansi Dhar Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
- Environmental Sciences & Biomedical Metrology, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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