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Salus M, Tillmann V, Remmel L, Unt E, Mäestu E, Parm Ü, Mägi A, Tali M, Jürimäe J. Effect of Sprint Interval Training on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Adipokine Levels in Adolescent Boys with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912672. [PMID: 36231972 PMCID: PMC9564781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of supervised sprint interval training (SIT) on different cardiometabolic risk factors and adipokines in adolescent boys with obesity. Thirty-seven boys were allocated to either a SIT group (13.1 ± 0.3 years; body mass index [BMI]: 30.3 ± 0.9 kg·m-2) or a control group (CONT) (13.7 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 32.6 ± 1.6 kg·m-2). The SIT group performed 4-6 × 30 s all-out cycling sprints, interspersed with 4 min rest, for 3 sessions/week, during a 12-week period, while the non-exercising CONT group maintained a habitual lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements, triglycerides, fasting insulin and glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high- (HDLc) and low-density (LDLc) cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin in blood, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and a metabolic syndrome severity risk score (MSSS) were calculated before and after the 12-week period. Compared to baseline values, a significant reduction in MSSS was seen in the SIT group after intervention. LDLc showed favorable changes in SIT compared to CONT (-0.06 ± 0.1 vs. 0.19 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1; p = 0.025). Additionally, CRF increased in the SIT group compared to the CONT group (5.2 ± 1.1 vs. -2.1 ± 1.1 mL·min-1·kg-1, p < 0.001). Moreover, a 12-week all-out SIT training effectively improves cardiometabolic health in adolescent boys with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Salus
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Lunini 6, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Children’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Lunini 6, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Parm
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Nooruse 5, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Mägi
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Tali
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ujula 4, 51008 Tartu, Estonia
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Franssen WMA, Massa G, O. Eijnde B, Dendale P, Hansen D, Verboven K. Aberrant Mechanical Efficiency during Exercise Relates to Metabolic Health and Exercise Intolerance in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010578. [PMID: 34682324 PMCID: PMC8535943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical efficiency (ME) might be an important parameter evaluating cardiometabolic health and the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in individuals with obesity. However, whether these cardiometabolic risk factors may relate to ME in adolescents with obesity is not known yet. Therefore, this study aims to compare the mechanical efficiency during maximal exercise testing between adolescents with obesity and lean adolescents, and to examine associations with exercise tolerance and metabolic health. METHODS Twenty-nine adolescents with obesity (BMI SDS: 2.11 ± 0.32, age: 13.4 ± 1.1 years, male/female: 15/14) and 29 lean (BMI SDS: -0.16 ± 0.84, age: 14.0 ± 1.5 years, male/female: 16/13) adolescents performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test from which the net mechanical efficiency (MEnet) and substrate oxidation (carbohydrates and lipids) were calculated. Indicators for peak performance were collected. Biochemistry (lipid profile, glycaemic control, inflammation, leptin) was studied in fasted blood samples. Regression analyses were applied to examine relations between MEnet and exercise tolerance or blood variables in the total group. RESULTS Peak work rate (WRpeak), oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak)/WRpeak, ME, and MEnet were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in adolescents with obesity compared to their lean counterparts (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a reduced MEnet was independently related to a lower WRpeak (SC β = 2.447; p < 0.001) and elevated carbohydrate oxidation during exercise (SC β = -0.497; p < 0.001), as well as to elevated blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SC β = -0.275; p = 0.034) and fasting glucose (SC β = -0.256; p = 0.049) concentration. CONCLUSION In adolescents with obesity, the mechanical efficiency is lowered during exercise and this relates to exercise intolerance and a worse metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter M. A. Franssen
- REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (W.M.A.F.); (D.H.)
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.M.); (B.O.E.); (P.D.)
| | - Guy Massa
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.M.); (B.O.E.); (P.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bert O. Eijnde
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.M.); (B.O.E.); (P.D.)
| | - Paul Dendale
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.M.); (B.O.E.); (P.D.)
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (W.M.A.F.); (D.H.)
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.M.); (B.O.E.); (P.D.)
- Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (W.M.A.F.); (D.H.)
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (G.M.); (B.O.E.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)11-28-69-49
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Bertollo C, Barbian CD, Schneiders LDB, Silveira JFDC, Vogt BD, Mello EDD, Burgos LT, Hobkirk JP, Reuter CP. Hypertension and Different Levels of Body Mass Index and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Amongst Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kuk JL, Lee S. Assessing the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, and liver fat in predicting changes in insulin sensitivity beyond simple changes in body weight after exercise training in adolescents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:55-62. [PMID: 32674604 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
To examine the utility of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in response to exercise training in adolescents with obesity beyond simple measures of body weight change. This is a secondary analysis of our previously published randomized trials of aerobic, resistance, and combined training. We included 104 adolescents (body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile) who had complete baseline and post-intervention data for CRF, regional body fat, insulin sensitivity, and oral glucose tolerance. Associations between changes in body composition and CRF with cardiometabolic variables were examined adjusted for age, sex, Tanner stage, race, exercise group, and weight loss. At baseline, CRF, visceral fat and liver fat were correlated with insulin sensitivity with and without adjustment for BMI percentile. Training-associated changes in CRF, visceral fat, and liver fat were also correlated with insulin sensitivity changes, but not independent of body weight change. After accounting for body weight change, none of the body composition or CRF were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, systolic blood pressure, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although CRF and body composition were strong independent correlates of insulin sensitivity at baseline, changes in CRF and visceral fat were not associated with changes in insulin sensitivity after accounting for body weight change. Clinicaltrials.gov registration nos.: NCT00739180, NCT01323088, NCT01938950. Novelty With exercise training, changes in body weight, CRF, visceral fat, and liver fat were correlated with changes in insulin sensitivity. Changes in body composition or CRF generally did not remain significant correlates of changes in insulin sensitivity after adjusting for body weight changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - SoJung Lee
- Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Lätt E, Jürimäe J, Harro J, Loit HM, Mäestu J. Low fitness is associated with metabolic risk independently of central adiposity in a cohort of 18-year-olds. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1084-1091. [PMID: 29095535 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains associated with metabolic risk if controlled for central adiposity and other confounders; thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the independent effect of CRF on metabolic syndrome risk factors in relatively homogeneous age group of young adults. In this cross-sectional study, 828 participants performed CRF test on a cycle ergometer (Wmax kg ) and were categorized into sex-specific tertiles. Continuous metabolic syndrome risk score (MetS-score) was calculated as the sum of standardized scores of five metabolic syndrome risk factors: glucose, mean arterial pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Low fitness group had higher values in all measured metabolic syndrome parameters, except for cholesterol parameters, compared to high fitness group. The unadjusted model indicated that CRF was negatively associated with clustered metabolic risk (β = -0.116, P = .001). After the adjustment of smoking habits, sports training participation, and waist circumference, the association between CRF and MetS-score slightly increased (β = -0.126; P < .001). Low CRF was associated with increased risk (OR = 2.58 (95% CI 1.50-4.41)) for higher MetS-score after adjustment for potential confounders and waist circumference. The results of our study indicate that being highly fit increases the likelihood of having lower MetS-score for approximately 2 and 2.5 times independently of central adiposity compared to average and low fitness, respectively. In conclusion, it is highly important to improve CRF through regular exercise, not focusing just on body composition in young adulthood in every weight status group.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lätt
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Harro
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - H-M Loit
- Center of Health and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - J Mäestu
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Aphamis G, Ioannou Y, Giannaki CD. Physical fitness and obesity levels during an academic year followed by summer holidays: an issue of insufficient time for physical activity. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 31:ijamh-2016-0137. [PMID: 28598797 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Today, available time for physical activity has been continuously decreasing, whilst, school-time physical education (PE) classes appear to be the only real option for many adolescents to engage in physical activity and exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate fitness and health related parameters over one academic year, and after the summer holidays for adolescents who do not engage in out-of-school physical activities. Participants were 153 students (age: 15-17 years; boys n = 86) who exercised only during PE (2 × 45-min periods per week). Body fat, flexibility, handgrip strength, squat jump, 30 m sprint and cardiorespiratory fitness were examined at the beginning and end of a school year, and after the ensuing summer holidays. The boys improved handgrip and flexibility, but no other significant improvement was observed over the school year in any of the examined physical fitness parameters, or obesity indices. Instead, the girls' cardiorespiratory fitness decreased over the summer holidays. It seems that exercising only twice a week during school PE classes is insufficient to induce significant improvements in physical fitness, body composition and health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Aphamis
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Cyprus, Phone: +35722842326; Fax: +35722842399
| | - Yiannakis Ioannou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Silva DR, Werneck AO, Collings PJ, Ohara D, Fernandes RA, Barbosa DS, Ronque ERV, Sardinha LB, Cyrino ES. Cardiorespiratory fitness effect may be under-estimated in 'fat but fit' hypothesis studies. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:237-242. [PMID: 27562242 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1229029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat have been independently related to metabolic syndrome in adolescents; however, the strength of these relationships seems to be dependent on the outcome composition. AIM To analyse the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat combined with different indicators of metabolic risk in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 957 adolescents (58.7% girls). Cardiorespiratory fitness was obtained using the 20-metre shuttle run test and skinfold thickness was collected for body fat estimation. Metabolic risk score was calculated from waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides measurements and an alternative outcome without the central obesity indicator was adopted. Chronological age and somatic maturity were used as covariates. RESULTS Higher metabolic risk was observed in the highest fat/lowest fit adolescents (p < .05), regardless of sex and outcome. In the regression models, for full metabolic risk score, body fat presented higher coefficients compared to cardiorespiratory fitness in both sexes (boys: 0.501 vs -0.097; girls: 0.485 vs -0.087); however, in the metabolic risk without waist circumference, the coefficients became closer (boys: 0.290 vs -0.146; girls: 0.265 vs -0.120), with a concomitant decrease in body fat and increase in cardiorespiratory fitness coefficients. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that body fat is strongly related to cardiovascular risk, but, when the outcome is calculated without the central obesity indicator, cardiorespiratory fitness becomes more related to metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Paul J Collings
- b Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust , Bradford , UK
| | - David Ohara
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- c Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity (GICRAF), Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Presidente Prudente , Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- d Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis , Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Enio R V Ronque
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- e Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Movement , University of Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, State University of Londrina - UEL , Londrina , Brazil
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Physical Therapy as Treatment for Childhood Obesity in Primary Health Care: Clinical Recommendation From AXXON (Belgian Physical Therapy Association). Phys Ther 2016; 96:850-64. [PMID: 26637641 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Schmidt MD, Magnussen CG, Rees E, Dwyer T, Venn AJ. Childhood fitness reduces the long-term cardiometabolic risks associated with childhood obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1134-40. [PMID: 27102049 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether childhood cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates or modifies the long-term cardiometabolic risks associated with childhood obesity. DESIGN AND METHODS The study consisted of a 20-year follow-up of 1792 adults who participated in the 1985 Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey when they were 7-15 years of age. Baseline measures included a 1.6-km run to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference to assess abdominal adiposity. At follow-up, participants attended study clinics where indicators of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipids) were measured and cardiorespiratory fitness was reassessed using a submaximal graded exercise test. RESULTS Both high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood were significant independent predictors of MetS in early adulthood. The mutually adjusted relative risk of adult MetS was 3.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.85-4.89) for children in the highest (vs lowest) third of waist circumference and 0.64 (95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.96) for children with high (vs low) cardiorespiratory fitness. No significant interaction between waist circumference and fitness was observed, with higher levels of childhood fitness associated with lower risks of adult MetS among those with either low or high childhood waist circumference values. Participants who had both high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood were 8.5 times more likely to have MetS in adulthood than those who had low waist circumference and high cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood. Regardless of childhood obesity status, participants with low childhood fitness who increased their relative fitness by adulthood had a substantially lower prevalence of MetS than those who remained low fit. CONCLUSIONS Childhood waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness are both strongly associated with cardiometabolic health in later life. Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness substantially reduce the risk of adult MetS, even among those with abdominal obesity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Schmidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - E Rees
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - T Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,George Institute for Global Health, Oxford Martin School and Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Gammon C, Pfeiffer KA, Kazanis A, Ling J, Robbins LB. Cardiorespiratory fitness in urban adolescent girls: associations with race and pubertal status. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:29-34. [PMID: 26942487 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1154594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness affords health benefits to youth. Among females, weight-relative fitness declines during puberty and is lower among African American (AA) than Caucasian girls. Data indicate racial differences in pubertal timing and tempo, yet the interactive influence of puberty and race on fitness, and the role of physical activity (PA) in these associations have not been examined. Thus, independent and interactive associations of race and pubertal development with fitness in adolescent girls, controlling for PA were examined. Girls in grades 5-8 (n = 1011; Caucasian = 25.2%, AA = 52.3%, Other Race group = 22.5%) completed the Pubertal Development Scale (pubertal stage assessment) and Fitnessgram® Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test (cardiorespiratory fitness assessment). PA was assessed by accelerometry. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine associations among race, pubertal stage and fitness, controlling for vigorous PA, AA, and pubertally advanced girls demonstrated lower fitness than Caucasian and less mature counterparts. Puberty and race remained significantly associated with fitness after controlling for vigorous PA. The interaction effect of race and puberty on fitness was non-significant. The pubertal influence on fitness is observed among AA adolescents. Associations between fitness and race/puberty appear to be independent of each other and vigorous PA. Pubertally advanced AA girls represent a priority group for fitness interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gammon
- a Department of Kinesiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Karin A Pfeiffer
- a Department of Kinesiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Anamaria Kazanis
- b College of Nursing , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,c School of Health Sciences , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
| | - Jiying Ling
- b College of Nursing , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- b College of Nursing , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
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Adams-Campbell LL, Dash C, Kim BH, Hicks J, Makambi K, Hagberg J. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal African-American Women. Int J Sports Med 2016; 37:261-6. [PMID: 26837934 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1569284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese postmenopausal African-American women. Pooled baseline data on 170 African-American women from 2 exercise trials were examined. Metabolic syndrome was defined as at least 3 of the following: abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high triglycerides. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) was determined using the Bruce treadmill protocol and categorized as: Very Low (VLCRF<18 mL·kg(-1) min(-1)), Low (LCRF=18.0-220-22-22.0 mL·kg(-1) min(-1)), and Moderate (MCRF>22.0 mL·kg(-1) min(-1)). Associations of metabolic syndrome with cardiorespiratory fitness were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and linear regression. VO2peak was significantly lower in the VLCRF compared to the MCRF group. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL among overweight/obese postmenopausal African-American women. In fully adjusted models, higher waist circumference and triglycerides were associated with lower VO2peak levels (P<0.01) and higher HDL-C was associated with higher VO2peak levels (P=0.03). Overweight/obese postmenopausal African-American women with very low cardiorespiratory fitness are more likely to have metabolic syndrome, higher body mass index, and unhealthier levels of certain metabolic syndrome components than women with moderate cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Adams-Campbell
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research, Washington, United States
| | - C Dash
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, United States
| | - B H Kim
- HealthCare Interactive, Inc, HealthCare Interactive, Inc, Glenwood, United States
| | - J Hicks
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, United States
| | - K Makambi
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, United States
| | - J Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
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Müller J, Meyer J, Elmenhorst J, Oberhoffer R. Body Weight and Not Exercise Capacity Determines Central Systolic Blood Pressure, a Surrogate for Arterial Stiffness, in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 18:762-5. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Müller
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Joanna Meyer
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Julia Elmenhorst
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
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Briggs MS, Spees C, Bout-Tabaku S, Taylor CA, Eneli I, Schmitt LC. Cardiovascular Risk and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Youth Enrolled in a Multidisciplinary Medical Weight Management Program: Implications of Musculoskeletal Pain, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 13:102-9. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Briggs
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences PhD Program, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Sports Health and Performance Institute, OSU Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Colleen Spees
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sharon Bout-Tabaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher A. Taylor
- Division of Medical Dietetics, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura C. Schmitt
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Sports Health and Performance Institute, OSU Sports Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Chang KV, Hung CY, Li CM, Lin YH, Wang TG, Tsai KS, Han DS. Reduced flexibility associated with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling elders. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117167. [PMID: 25614984 PMCID: PMC4304714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing process may lead to reductions in physical fitness, a known risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate cross-sectional and combined associations of metabolic syndrome with body composition and physical fitness in a community based geriatric population. METHODS A total of 628 community-dwelling elders attending a geriatric health examination were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criterion with Asian cutoff of waist girth was adopted in this study. Body composition was obtained using bioimpedance analysis, and physical fitness was evaluated through the measurement of muscle strength (handgrip force), lower extremity muscle endurance (sit-to-stand test), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), and cardiorespiratory endurance (2-minute step test). Multivariable logistic regression and correlation analysis were performed to determine the association of metabolic syndrome with body composition and functionality variables. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome was associated with increased skeletal muscle index (SMI) (odds ratio (OR), 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-2.07) and decreased flexibility (OR, 0.97, 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) compared with those without metabolic syndrome. When body mass index was accounted for in the analysis, the association of SMI with metabolic syndrome was reduced. Waist circumference was positively correlated with SMI but negatively correlated with flexibility, whereas high density lipoprotein was positively correlated with flexibility but negatively correlated with SMI. CONCLUSION Reduced flexibility was positively associated with metabolic syndrome independent of age, gender, body composition, and functionality measurements in a community based geriatric population. Significant associations between metabolic syndrome with muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly were not observed. Furthermore, flexibility should be included in the complete evaluation for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Hung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chu-Tung Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Li
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Social Work, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Guey Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keh-Sung Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Weitz CA, Friedlaender FY, Friedlaender JS. Adult lipids associated with early life growth in traditional Melanesian societies undergoing rapid modernization: a longitudinal study of the mid-20th century. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:551-8. [PMID: 24382639 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Both poor fetal development and accelerated post-natal growth have been linked to adult dyslipidemias in many studies conducted in developed societies. It is not known, however, whether these relationships only characterize populations with typical Western diets or if they also may develop in groups at the early stages of a dietary transition. Our longitudinal study of traditional rural populations in the Southwest Pacific during a period of extremely rapid modernization in diet and life-styles shows a nascent association between child growth retardation, subsequent growth acceleration, and adult lipid values in spite of a continuing prevalence of very low lipid levels. However, our results do not entirely conform to results from populations with "modern" diets. Outcome (i.e., young adult) cholesterol and triglyceride levels are more consistently related to initial measures of body fat and growth in body fat measures than with stature, while outcome apo A-1 is more consistently related to initial stature or stature growth than to measures of body fat. We suggest this may reflect a pattern characteristic of the initial stages of "modernization" associated with dietary change, with stronger and more pervasive relationships emerging only later as populations complete the dietary transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Weitz
- Anthropology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122
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