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Al-Ameri HW, Shetty S, Rahman B, Gopalakrishnan ARK, Ismail AA, Acharya AB. Evaluation of salivary Thy-1 in health, periodontitis, and obesity. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2670-2677. [PMID: 37338076 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thy-1 (CD90) is a glycosylphosphatidyl-anchored protein belonging to the immunoglobulin family and is known to control mesenchymal stromal cells differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. The study aimed to investigate the salivary levels of Thy-1 in health, periodontitis, obesity, and any potential association. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-one participants were divided into four groups: healthy (H), subjects with periodontitis (P), obese individuals (O), and obese individuals having periodontitis (PO). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from participants who were evaluated for periodontal parameters. The levels of Thy-1 were measured with a commercially available ELISA kit. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS A significant difference in salivary Thy-1 levels among different groups was observed. Periodontitis patients had the maximum, and obese individuals had the minimum Thy-1 levels. Significant differences between H and P, H and PO, P and O, and O and PO were observed. Overall correlations between Thy-1 and periodontal parameters and a positive correlation with pocket depth in group PO were noted. CONCLUSION Thy-1 could be detected in the saliva of all study participants. It is implied that a local inflammatory condition like periodontitis elevates the salivary levels of Thy-1 with, and without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawra'a Wisam Al-Ameri
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunaina Shetty
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Betul Rahman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Asmaa Anwer Ismail
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anirudh B Acharya
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Arzu Yoldaş M, Vural Yılmazel S, Bolu S, Danış A. The relationship between blood biochemical parameters and oral health in children with obesity/overweight. Br Dent J 2023; 235:968-972. [PMID: 38102273 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of obesity and overweight on the oral/dental health and blood biochemistry parameters in children.Methods A total of 87 children (29 boys, 58 girls) aged 1-18 presenting to our paediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic were included in the study. The patient group consisted of children with obesity/overweight and the control group consisted of children with normal weight. Paediatric patients were examined simultaneously by a paediatrician and a paediatric dentist. Oral/dental health examinations of all children included in the study were performed by a specialist paediatric dentist and dmft/DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) values were calculated separately in the mixed dentition period. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs 23 index and the dental plaque 35 index were evaluated at oral/dental health examinations. Oral and dental health examination findings and blood biochemistry parameters were compared between the two groups.Results While DMFT, dental plaque index, blood c-reactive protein (CRP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were significantly increased in children with overweight/obesity compared to children with normal weight, there was no difference in terms of daily toothbrushing habits and last dental examination times. Overweight/obesity was found to be associated with the dental plaque and DMFT/dmft index, and elevation in the blood biochemistry parameters CRP and PTH among the children in this study.Conclusion The observation of significant elevation in DMFT and dental plaque indices and numbers of filled deciduous teeth showed that oral/dental health problems and dental decay may emerge more frequently in children with overweight/obesity. Children with overweight should be routinely provided with dental care as part of a multidisciplinary team that includes paediatricians and dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyri Arzu Yoldaş
- Department of Paediatrics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey.
| | - Simge Vural Yılmazel
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semih Bolu
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Danış
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
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Abbas Y, Elsaadany B, Ghallab N. Prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases among a sample of young adult obese Egyptian patients: a hospital based Cross-sectional study over 1 year. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:573. [PMID: 37582775 PMCID: PMC10428640 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases based on the recent classification in a sample of young adult obese Egyptian dental outpatients. METHODS This study included 314 patients seeking dental treatment at the Diagnostic Center of the Dental hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Validated oral health questionnaire for adults regarding their age, gender, level of education and oral health routines as well as oral health impact profile questionnaire for chronic periodontitis (OHIP-CP) were filled by all patients. Obesity parameters were also assessed through person's weight in kilograms, height in centimeters and waist circumference to determine the obesity stage. Diagnosis was made based on measurements of clinical periodontal parameters including a full mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession depth (RD). Radiographic examination was performed using periapical radiographs. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of periodontal diseases and discriminant analysis was performed to predict periodontal disease classification. RESULTS: The age range in the study sample was 19-39 years old. The prevalence of different stages of periodontal diseases was 100%. Gingivitis was the most prevalent periodontal disease (63.7%) followed by Periodontitis Stage III (22.6%) then Stage II (11.1%). Stage I showed the least prevalence (2.5%). An increase in BMI was statistically associated with an increase in PD, CAL, RD, PI and vice versa (P-value < 0.05). The total OHIP-CP was 15.99 ± 3.06 for all participants. CONCLUSIONS There was a statistically significant association between periodontal diseases and obesity in young adults, as well as a statistically significant direct correlation between BMI and periodontal parameters. Self-assessment of oral health and obesity were significant predictors of periodontal disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ID NCT04618068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Abbas
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Basma Elsaadany
- Oral Medicine & Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha Ghallab
- Oral Medicine & Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sebag SC, Qian Q, Upara C, Ding Q, Cao H, Hong L, Yang L. A Medium Chain Fatty Acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA), Protects Against Obesity and Insulin Resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549684. [PMID: 37502899 PMCID: PMC10370144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a worldwide health problem, increases the risk for developing metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and diabetes. It is well recognized that obesity-associated chronic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic metabolic dysfunction. Previously, we revealed an anti-inflammatory role for spent culture supernatants isolated from the oral commensal bacterial species Streptococcus gordonii (Sg-SCS). Here, we identified that 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA), a medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), is the one of the key components of Sg-SCS . We found that treatment of 6-HHA in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) significantly reduced HFD-mediated weight gain which was largely attributed to a decrease in fat mass. Systemically, 6-HHA improves obesity-associated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Furthermore, administration of 6-HHA suppressed obesity-associated systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia. At the cellular level, treatment of 6-HHA ameliorated aberrant inflammatory and metabolic transcriptomic signatures in white adipose tissue of mice with diet-induced obesity (HFD). Mechanistically, we found that 6-HHA suppressed adipocyte-proinflammatory cytokine production and lipolysis, the latter through Gαi-mediated signaling. This work provides direct evidence for the anti-obesity effects of a novel MCFA, which could be a new therapeutic treatment for combating obesity. KEY POINTS Hydroxyhexanoic medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are dietary and bacterial-derived energy sources, however, the outcomes of using MCFAs in treating metabolic disorders are diverse and complex. The MCFA 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid (6-HHA) is a metabolite secreted by the oral bacterial commensal species Streptococcus gordonii; here we investigated its role in modulating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction. In a murine model of obesity, we found 6-HHA-mediated improvement of diet-mediated adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation were in part due to actions on white adipose tissue (WAT).6-HHA suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and lipolysis through Gi-mediated signaling in differentiated white adipocytes.
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Minne X, Mbuya Malaïka Mutombo J, Chandad F, Fanganiello RD, Houde VP. Porphyromonas gingivalis under palmitate-induced obesogenic microenvironment modulates the inflammatory transcriptional signature of macrophage-like cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288009. [PMID: 37384642 PMCID: PMC10309636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases and low-grade chronic inflammation are interconnected: obese persons are at higher risk of developing periodontitis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of periodontitis in an obesogenic microenvironment in response to periodontopathogens are still lacking. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of palmitate and Porphyromonas gingivalis on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and on transcriptional landscape modifications in macrophage-like cells. U937 macrophage-like cells were treated with palmitate and stimulated with P. gingivalis for 24h. Cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by ELISA in the culture medium and cell extracted RNA was submitted to a microarray analysis followed by Gene Ontology analyses. P. gingivalis, in presence of palmitate, potentiated IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in comparison to palmitate alone. Gene Ontology analyses also revealed that the combination palmitate-P. gingivalis potentiated the number of gene molecular functions implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory pathways compared to macrophages treated with palmitate alone. Our results provide the first comprehensive mapping of gene interconnections between palmitate and P. gingivalis during inflammatory responses in macrophage-like cells. These data highlight the importance of considering systemic conditions, specifically obesogenic microenvironment, in the management of periodontal disease in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Minne
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fatiha Chandad
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto D. Fanganiello
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa P. Houde
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Ecology Research Group (GREB), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Jia R, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu B, Wang Z, Qiao H. Association between lipid metabolism and periodontitis in obese patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:119. [PMID: 37231396 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between clinical periodontal parameters of periodontitis, serum lipid metabolism markers and adipokines' levels in patients with obesity and periodontitis. METHODS A total of 112 patients admitted to Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were included in this study. They were divided into normal body weight group (18.5 < body mass index, BMI < 25, n = 36), overweight group (25 ≤ BMI < 30, n = 38), and obesity group (BMI ≥ 30, n = 38) accordingly. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on the newest international classification of periodontitis. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements included: plaque index, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were analyzed for: Interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured. Visfatin, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin levels in serum were also measured. RESULTS The ratio of participants without periodontitis was significantly highest in normal weight group, and the proportion of severe periodontitis (stage III and IV) was highest in obesity group. The periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid in obesity group and overweight group were higher than those in normal body weight group. The BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly positive correlated with periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Using a Multivariate logistic regression model, periodontitis correlates to BMI, WHR, serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and adipokines such as visfatin, leptin, and resistin. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is positively correlated with the aggravation of periodontitis. Obesity may aggravate the damage to periodontal tissue by regulating the secretion level of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Yang Q, Wang X, Li C, Wang X. A cross-sectional study on the relationship between visceral adiposity index and periodontitis in different age groups. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5839. [PMID: 37037870 PMCID: PMC10086006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis are significantly related, and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) is an important indicator of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the association between VAI and periodontitis. The study included participants from the 2009-2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who received a complete periodontal exam and VAI record. Periodontitis, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology periodontitis case definitions, is categorized into the following: no periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, mild periodontitis, and severe periodontitis. Hierarchical analysis, multivariable logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline regression were conducted to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and VAI in adults. There was no significant relationship between VAI and the prevalence of periodontitis in all age groups (P = 0.08). Age-stratified analysis showed a significant association between periodontitis and VAI in adults aged 40-50 years (P < 0.001). After adjusting for all covariates, the association between periodontitis and VAI remained significant in the 40-50-years age group (the trend P value = 0.014). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a non-linear relationship between VAI and periodontitis (P for non-linear = 0.002). Visceral adiposity index was significantly associated with periodontitis risk in the 40-50-year-old group, and the relationship between VAI and periodontitis risk was found to be non-linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Stomatology, ShuCheng People's Hospital, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Stomatology, BinZhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai City, 264003, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xuanming Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Haiyan Stomatological Hospital, No. 89, Qinjian South Road, Haiyan County, Jiaxing City, 314399, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Al-Radha ASD. Association of Patient Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Implant Treatment. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2023; 15:51-61. [PMID: 37051485 PMCID: PMC10084864 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s406119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental implants are currently one of the most preferred treatment modalities for replacing missing teeth, as they are the most comparable to natural teeth. Even so, satisfaction with such treatment may differ depending on patient nature. The aim of this article was to examine the relationships between different anthropometric measurements on dental implant patient's satisfaction. Methods and Material Self-administered questionnaire (structured questions) were given to patients who had dental implant treatment to evaluate their satisfaction level with dental-implant treatment. Different anthropometric measurements were taken: body height; weight; body mass index (BMI); body composition; waist/hip ratio; and circumferences at the waist, hip, and neck. Results The overall BMI was 28.9±4.7 kg/m2, there was a highly-significant difference in patient satisfaction among the different BMI groups (P< 0.000). The significant difference in most of those groups was between the obese group and the other groups. For neck circumference and waist/hip ratio, a significance difference between the normal weight and obese groups (P< 0.000) was found, while for percentage of muscle, the differences were between the overweight and obese groups (P< 0.000). According to BMI groups a highly significant difference in many patient satisfaction domains were found (P< 0.000). These significant differences were between the obese group and non-obese groups for most aspects of patient satisfaction. For patient satisfaction with final appearance, the normal BMI group differed significantly from the overweight BMI group (P=0.013). Additionally, for patient satisfaction with dentist performance and communication, the overweight BMI group showed significantly higher satisfaction than the normal BMI group (P=0.019). Body measurements were correlated negatively with overall patient satisfaction, and positively with satisfaction with prosthesis. Conclusion The obese group patients had the lowest rate of patient satisfaction. BMI and other body measurements can be used to predict patient satisfaction with the outcome of dental implant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afya Sahib Diab Al-Radha
- Oral Surgery and Periodontology Department, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Correspondence: Afya Sahib Diab Al-Radha, Oral Surgery and Periodontology Department, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Central Baghdad Post Office, Post Box (P.O.) 55388, Baghdad, Iraq, Tel +9647816883387, Email ;
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Rahman B, Al-Marzooq F, Saad H, Benzina D, Al Kawas S. Dysbiosis of the Subgingival Microbiome and Relation to Periodontal Disease in Association with Obesity and Overweight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040826. [PMID: 36839184 PMCID: PMC9965236 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes gut dysbiosis; nevertheless, little is known about the oral microbiome. We aimed to identify differences in the subgingival microbiota influenced by body weight and periodontal status. Patients (n = 75) recruited at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, were distributed into three equal groups (healthy weight, overweight, and obese) sub-divided into having either no-mild (NM) or moderate-severe (MS) periodontitis. Subgingival plaques were collected. Microbiota were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing using nanopore technology. Linear discriminant analysis demonstrated significant bacterial biomarkers for body weight and periodontal health. Unique microbiota signatures were identified, with enrichment of periopathogens in patients with MS periodontitis (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in obese, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola in overweight, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in healthy weight), thus reflecting differences in the microbiota affected by body weight. Other pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were enriched in overweight subjects with NM periodontitis, suggesting an increase in the relative abundance of pathogens even in patients with good periodontal health if they were overweight. Alpha and beta diversities were significantly different among the groups. Dysbiosis of the subgingival microbiota in obese and overweight individuals was associated with increased prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, which was correlated with the body mass index. This study highlights the immense importance of the oral microbiome and the need for lifestyle and dental interventions to resolve oral dysbiosis and restore normal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Rahman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Saad
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalenda Benzina
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Tabe S, Nakayama Y, Kobayashi R, Oyama K, Kitano D, Ogihara J, Senpuku H, Ogata Y. Association between Dietary Habit and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Undergoing Supportive Periodontal Therapy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234993. [PMID: 36501023 PMCID: PMC9741307 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recurrence risk evaluation has been emphasized in periodontal stabilization during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). However, nutritional factors, e.g., dietary habits such as the frequency of eating vegetables, are rarely included in the evaluation. In this study, the effect of nutritional factors on clinical periodontal parameters was examined in a lifestyle-related investigation and a periodontal examination in patients with periodontitis undergoing SPT. A total of 106 patients were recruited. Tendencies toward a negative correlation were found between rate of a probing depth (PD) of 4-5 mm, rate of PD ≥ 6 mm, the bleeding on probing (BOP) rate, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and various nutritional factors. The number of teeth was a clinical parameter with a significantly high R2 (≥0.10) influenced by environmental factors, whereas PD, PD of 4-5 mm, the BOP rate, and PISA were influenced by nutritional factors. These results suggested that environmental factors reflected clinical parameters showing long-term pathophysiology, such as the PD rate. Nutritional factors tended to affect the current inflammatory pathophysiology, such as the BOP rate, PISA, and PISA/periodontal epithelial surface area. Therefore, environmental and nutritional factors appear to be useful for evaluating the risk of periodontitis during SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Tabe
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-47-360-9363 (Y.N.); +81-47-360-9362 (Y.O.)
| | - Ryoki Kobayashi
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 71-8587, Japan
| | - Kstsunori Oyama
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Nihon University, 1 Tamuramachi, Tokusada, Nakagawara, Koriyama 963-8642, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Jun Ogihara
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 71-8587, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-47-360-9363 (Y.N.); +81-47-360-9362 (Y.O.)
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Parveen S, Alhazmi YA. Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease-A Suggested Preventive Strategy to Reduce the Public Health Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114536. [PMID: 36361416 PMCID: PMC9657467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence continues to climb significantly worldwide in today's ad libitum society. MetS has tremendous societal and economic ramifications, making it imperative to develop effective strategies for preventing and controlling it to alleviate this growing burden. Periodontal disease and MetS are associated with several risk factors. Studies in the past have demonstrated that obesity, cardiovascular illness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a negative effect on the severity of the periodontal disease. Patients with metabolic syndrome have elevated serum levels of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Similar inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein, are increased in patients with severe periodontal disease. Remarkably, intermittent fasting is underpinned by scientific evidence, claiming to be the most effective non-pharmacological, potential therapeutic alternative for combating a wide range of metabolic, inflammatory, and lifestyle-related diseases. Nonetheless, an insufficient investigation has been performed to determine whether intermittent fasting has therapeutic benefits on periodontal inflammation and diseases. Here, we show the interrelationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease and contextualize the beneficial impact of intermittent fasting in modulating the chronic metabolic and periodontal inflammatory response. We also anticipate that this review paves the way for further exploration of intermittent fasting as a unique research paradigm representing a cost-effective alternative strategy to conventional disease management in patients with periodontal diseases and metabolic syndrome which may serve as the foundation for an integrative vision relevant to primary, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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12
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Abu-Shawish G, Betsy J, Anil S. Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease in Adults? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12684. [PMID: 36231983 PMCID: PMC9566678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
There is inconclusive evidence about the link between the severity and prevalence of periodontitis in obese adults. Therefore, this systematic review aims to explore the possibility of significant evidence on the association between obesity and periodontitis and to determine the necessity to consider obesity as a risk factor for periodontitis. We followed the PRISMA protocol, and studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. The risk of bias in individual studies was also evaluated. This review included 15 observational studies (9 cross-sectional studies, 2 case-control, and 4 cohort studies). The total study subjects from these studies were 6603 (males = 3432; females = 3171). Most studies showed a significant association between obesity and periodontitis. Among these studies, a few showed obese females to be at a higher risk, and one study found no association between obesity and periodontal disease at all. Based on the evidence obtained from this review, the body mass index (BMI) should be routinely assessed in patients to assess the risk for periodontal disease and to offer personalized management of periodontitis. Based on the findings of this review, we recommend the need to initiate awareness among clinicians and implement dental hygiene care prevention measures for obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Abu-Shawish
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Joseph Betsy
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta 689101, India
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Hayashi M, Morino K, Harada K, Miyazawa I, Ishikawa M, Yasuda T, Iwakuma Y, Yamamoto K, Matsumoto M, Maegawa H, Ishikado A. Real-world evidence of the impact of obesity on residual teeth in the Japanese population: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274465. [PMID: 36103495 PMCID: PMC9473396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth loss is associated with nutritional status and significantly affects quality of life, particularly in older individuals. To date, several studies reveal that a high BMI is associated with tooth loss. However, there is a lack of large-scale studies that examined the impact of obesity on residual teeth with respect to age and tooth positions. OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of obesity on the number and position of residual teeth by age groups using large scale of Japanese database. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 706150 subjects that were included in the database that combined the data from health insurance claims and health check-up, those lacking information about BMI, HbA1c level, smoking status, and the number of residual teeth were excluded. Thus, a total of 233517 aged 20-74 years were included. Subjects were classified into 4 categories based on BMI, and the number of teeth was compared between age-groups. The percentage of subjects with residual teeth in each position was compared between groups with obesity (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) and non-obesity. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify whether obesity predicts having <24 teeth. RESULTS Higher BMI was associated with fewer teeth over 40s (P for trend <0.0001 when <70s). Obesity was associated with the reduction of residual teeth in the maxillary; specifically, the molars were affected over the age 30. Smoking status further affected tooth loss at positions that were not affected by obesity alone. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and HbA1c ≥6.5%, obesity remained an independent predictive factor for having <24 teeth (ORs: 1.35, 95% CIs: 1.30-1.40). CONCLUSIONS We found that an increase in BMI was associated with a decrease in the number of residual teeth from younger ages independently of smoking status and diabetes in the large scale of Japanese database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hayashi
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kayo Harada
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuko Miyazawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Miki Ishikawa
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Yasuda
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Iwakuma
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yamamoto
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motonobu Matsumoto
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Research and Development Department, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Pamuk F, Kantarci A. Inflammation as a link between periodontal disease and obesity. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:186-196. [PMID: 35916870 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a critical role in the homeostatic balance, maintenance of health, and longevity. There is a close link between inflammatory diseases and nutritional health. Obesity is a severe pathological process with grave implications on several organ systems and disease processes, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The impact of obesity on periodontal inflammation has not been fully understood; the association between nutritional balance and periodontal inflammation is much less explored. This review is focused on the potential mechanistic links between periodontal diseases and obesity and common inflammatory activity pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Pamuk
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Zhao P, Xu A, Leung WK. Obesity, Bone Loss, and Periodontitis: The Interlink. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070865. [PMID: 35883424 PMCID: PMC9313439 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis are both common health concerns that have given rise to considerable economic and societal burden worldwide. There are established negative relationships between bone metabolism and obesity, obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM and periodontitis, to name a few, with osteoporosis being considered a long-term complication of obesity. In the oral cavity, bone metabolic disorders primarily display as increased risks for periodontitis and alveolar bone loss. Obesity-driven alveolar bone loss and mandibular osteoporosis have been observed in animal models without inoculation of periodontopathogens. Clinical reports have also indicated a possible association between obesity and periodontitis. This review systematically summarizes the clinical periodontium changes, including alveolar bone loss in obese individuals. Relevant laboratory-based reports focusing on biological interlinks in obesity-associated bone remodeling via processes like hyperinflammation, immune dysregulation, and microbial dysbiosis, were reviewed. We also discuss the potential mechanism underlying obesity-enhanced alveolar bone loss from both the systemic and periodontal perspectives, focusing on delineating the practical considerations for managing periodontal disease in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2859-0417
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16
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Maruyama T, Kobayashi T, Sugiura Y, Yoneda T, Ekuni D, Morita M. Association between serum miRNAs and gingival gene expression in an obese rat model. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:502-509. [PMID: 35234284 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have reported a relationship between periodontitis and obesity; however, the mechanisms of obesity's effects on periodontitis are not well understood. On the other hand, microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation gene expression by suppressing translation and protein synthesis. We examined the association between obesity-related miRNAs and gene expression in gingival tissue using miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) pairing analysis in an obese rat model. METHODS Sixteen male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks old were divided into two groups: the control group was fed a normal powdered food for 8 weeks, and the obesity group was fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Distance from the cement-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest of the first molars was measured. miRNA microarray analysis was performed on samples of serum and gingival tissue; the resulting data were used to calculate fold changes in miRNA levels in the obesity group relative to the control group, and miRNA-mRNA pairing analysis was performed to identify mRNAs potentially targeted by miRNAs of interest. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss in the obesity group exceeded that in the control group (p = .017). miRNA-mRNA pairing analysis identified an association between 4 miRNAs (miR-759, miR-9a-3p, miR-203b-3p, and miR-878) that were differentially expressed in the obesity and control groups and 7 genes (Ly86, Arid5b, Rgs18, Mlana, P2ry13, Kif1b, and Myt1) expressed in gingival tissue. CONCLUSION This study revealed that several miRNAs play an important role in the mechanism of periodontal disease progression induced by the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Maruyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sugiura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Yoshida S, Hatasa M, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Liu A, Niimi H, Morita K, Shimohira T, Sasaki N, Maekawa S, Shiba T, Hirota T, Okano T, Hirose A, Ibi R, Noritake K, Tomiga Y, Nitta H, Suzuki T, Takahashi H, Miyasaka N, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Porphyromonas gingivalis Administration Induces Gestational Obesity, Alters Gene Expression in the Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue in Pregnant Mice, and Causes Underweight in Fetuses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:745117. [PMID: 35096633 PMCID: PMC8792863 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.745117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes is crucial for maternal and child health. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for many systemic diseases including adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. In addition, the administration of the periodontopathic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates obesity, glucose tolerance, and hepatic steatosis and alters endocrine function in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the effects of having periodontal disease during pregnancy remain unclear. Thus, this study investigates the effect of P. gingivalis administration on obesity, liver, and BAT during pregnancy. Sonicated P. gingivalis (Pg) or saline (Co) was injected intravenously and administered orally to pregnant C57BL/6J mice three times per week. Maternal body weight and fetal body weight on embryonic day (ED) 18 were evaluated. Microarray analysis and qPCR in the liver and BAT and hepatic and plasma triglyceride quantification were performed on dams at ED 18. The body weight of Pg dams was heavier than that of Co dams; however, the fetal body weight was decreased in the offspring of Pg dams. Microarray analysis revealed 254 and 53 differentially expressed genes in the liver and BAT, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis exhibited the downregulation of fatty acid metabolism gene set in the liver and estrogen response early/late gene sets in the BAT, whereas inflammatory response and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling gene sets were upregulated both in the liver and BAT. The downregulation of expression levels of Lpin1, Lpin2, and Lxra in the liver, which are associated with triglyceride synthesis, and a decreasing trend in hepatic triglyceride of Pg dams were observed. P. gingivalis administration may alter lipid metabolism in the liver. Overall, the intravenous and oral administration of sonicated P. gingivalis-induced obesity and modified gene expression in the liver and BAT in pregnant mice and caused fetuses to be underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Morita
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Hirose
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Systemic Organ Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rinko Ibi
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Systemic Organ Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Noritake
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tomiga
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Division of Clinical Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Regulation of Internal Environment and Reproduction, Systemic Organ Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sayaka Katagiri,
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The Association between Nutritional Alterations and Oral Lesions in a Pediatric Population: An Epidemiological Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9992451. [PMID: 34746317 PMCID: PMC8570851 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9992451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The oral conditions of an individual are the result of different factors, including the subject's genotype, oral hygiene habits, the type of diet, and lifestyle, such as smoking. Nutrition in the first years of life can affect dental health for a long time. To prevent mouth diseases, it is also important to eliminate unfavorable eating behaviour and to amplify protective ones. Eating habits, especially in pediatric age, are an easily modifiable and controllable factor, and diet, in addition to influencing the health of the oral cavity, plays a fundamental role in systemic health. Indeed, a sugar-rich diet can lead to conditions, such as diabetes, being overweight, and obesity. The present research was an epidemiological study, with the aim of highlighting some of the associations between nutrition and oral health. In particular, we studied those lesions of hard and soft tissues that are diagnosed most frequently by dentists: caries, enamel hypoplasia, periodontal disease, and aphotoxic lesions and their associations with nutritional deficiencies and excesses including proteins, vitamin A, vitamin D, B vitamins, and iron and calcium minerals. To perform this study, we recruited 70 patients from the pediatric and orthodontic clinics, aged between 3 and 15 years (y), with mean age of 10.4 y.o. The study was conducted by providing a questionnaire to pediatric patients' (supported from their parents or guardians) on individual eating habits, followed by an accurate oral cavity specialistic examination. The nutritional data were processed by using Grana Padano Observatory (OGP) software, freely provided online by the OPG. The statistical tests performed were the chi-square (χ2) for independence, and Cramér's V test was used to evaluate the associations between eating habits and oral pathologies. The results showed that certain nutritional vitamin deficiencies and nutritional excesses were associated with definite oral pathologies.
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Çetin MB, Sezgin Y, Önder C, Bakirarar B. The relationship between body mass index and stage/grade of periodontitis: a retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1937-1945. [PMID: 34709456 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Possible impact of obesity on stage and grade of periodontitis has never been investigated before. This study aimed to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and stage/grade of periodontitis per the current classification of periodontal diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 142 patients (82 males/60 females) were included in this study. "2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions" was taken as basis to characterize the stage/grade of periodontitis. Age, gender, smoking status, and frequency of tooth brushing, and medical data of the patients including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, and diabetes mellitus were obtained from the patient's hospital records. Obesity was assessed by BMI using the "World Health Organization" criteria. For estimating the association between BMI and periodontitis, logistic regression analysis was utilized. RESULTS BMI was statistically associated with clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), Plaque index (PI), stage and grade of periodontitis, and number of remaining teeth (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). According to the multiple regression analysis results, those with BMI 25-29.9 were found to be at risk of being stage III-IV 3.977 times (95% CI: 1.831-8.640, p < 0.001) higher than those with BMI < 25, and similarly, those with BMI ≥ 30 were found to be at risk of being stage III-IV 4.062 times (95% CI: 1.315-12.549, p = 0.015) higher than those with BMI < 25. No relationship was found between obesity and grade of periodontitis according to multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS BMI increases the likelihood of stage III and stage IV periodontitis; however, it does not have an impact on the grade of periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It seems that obesity is related to the severity of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Bilgin Çetin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Bahçelievler, Ankara, 06790, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Sezgin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Bahçelievler, Ankara, 06790, Turkey
| | - Canan Önder
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bakirarar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Porphyromonas gingivalis induces entero-hepatic metabolic derangements with alteration of gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18398. [PMID: 34526589 PMCID: PMC8443650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal infection induces systemic inflammation; therefore, aggravating diabetes. Orally administered periodontal pathogens may directly alter the gut microbiota. We orally treated obese db/db diabetes mice using Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). We screened for Pg-specific peptides in the intestinal fecal specimens and examined whether Pg localization influenced the intestinal microbiota profile, in turn altering the levels of the gut metabolites. We evaluated whether the deterioration in fasting hyperglycemia was related to the changes in the intrahepatic glucose metabolism, using proteome and metabolome analyses. Oral Pg treatment aggravated both fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia (P < 0.05), with a significant (P < 0.01) increase in dental alveolar bone resorption. Pg-specific peptides were identified in fecal specimens following oral Pg treatment. The intestinal Pg profoundly altered the gut microbiome profiles at the phylum, family, and genus levels; Prevotella exhibited the largest increase in abundance. In addition, Pg-treatment significantly altered intestinal metabolite levels. Fasting hyperglycemia was associated with the increase in the levels of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes and metabolites without changes in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance. Oral Pg administration induced gut microbiota changes, leading to entero-hepatic metabolic derangements, thus aggravating hyperglycemia in an obese type 2 diabetes mouse model.
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Abstract
Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, female athlete triad, bulimia nervosa, obesity, and binge eating initially emerge during adolescence. These disorders are present primarily in females, but males may also present with these conditions. Dentistry has a pivotal role in the management of patients with such diet-related disorders. Because dentists examine their patients at frequent intervals and may be the health care professionals with whom patients feel more comfortable discussing eating disorders, dentists must have knowledge of the etiology, diagnostic criteria, systemic effects, and intraoral manifestations of eating disorders. In addition, the dental professional may be the first health care provider to identify the condition and refer the patient appropriately to medical colleagues for subsequent treatment. This chapter provides dentists with current and relevant information to recognize, diagnose, and integrate dental treatment for their adolescent patients who may exhibit manifestations of an eating disorder.
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22
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Ganesan SM, Vazana S, Stuhr S. Waistline to the gumline: Relationship between obesity and periodontal disease-biological and management considerations. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:299-314. [PMID: 34463987 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic and periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease in the world. These two noncommunicable diseases share several risk determinants. Epidemiologic evidence from the last 2 decades has established an increase in periodontitis prevalence in obese and overweight individuals. Biologic mechanisms potentially linking obesity and periodontal disease are adiposity-associated hyperinflammation, microbial dysbiosis, altered immune response, specific genetic polymorphisms, and increased stress. However, because of the lack of longitudinal interventional studies and randomized clinical trials, there is insufficient evidence to determine the cause-effect relationship between these two diseases. Despite this, the negative impact of obesity on oral health is well established. Several logistic and physiologic complications are associated with treating obese patients in a dental setting, and it requires an interprofessional team approach. Oral health care professionals need to be aware of the specific management considerations while rendering for this cohort, including modified practice facility and equipment, tailored supportive periodontal therapy, and heightened precaution during conscious sedation and surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukirth M Ganesan
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephanie Vazana
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sandra Stuhr
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Lin P, Niimi H, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Shimohira T, Komatsu K, Liu A, Shiba T, Aoki A, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Application of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168900. [PMID: 34445604 PMCID: PMC8396362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. In the last decade, a new murine model of periodontitis has been widely used to simulate alveolar bone resorption and periodontal soft tissue destruction by ligation. Typically, 3-0 to 9-0 silks are selected for ligation around the molars in mice, and significant bone loss and inflammatory infiltration are observed within a week. The ligature-maintained period can vary according to specific aims. We reviewed the findings on the interaction of systemic diseases with periodontitis, periodontal tissue destruction, the immunological and bacteriological responses, and new treatments. In these studies, the activation of osteoclasts, upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, and excessive immune response have been considered as major factors in periodontal disruption. Multiple genes identified in periodontal tissues partly reflect the complexity of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effects of novel treatment methods on periodontitis have also been evaluated in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. This model cannot completely represent all aspects of periodontitis in humans but is considered an effective method for the exploration of its mechanisms. Through this review, we aimed to provide evidence and enlightenment for future studies planning to use this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
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Wadhawan A, Reynolds MA, Makkar H, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Hoisington AJ, Brenner LA, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Dwivedi Y, Postolache TT. Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1353-1397. [PMID: 31924157 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, United States
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, United States
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25
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Association of Interleukin-1 α Functional Polymorphism with Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Han Chinese Population. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:6614835. [PMID: 33854406 PMCID: PMC8019642 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory illness affecting a large proportion of humans. Genetic factors are thought to play important roles in its onset and development. A functional polymorphism (rs1800587) in the promoter of the interleukin-1α gene (−889 C/T) has been found to confer risk of CP primarily in Europeans, but the association between this variant and CP in the Chinese population remains less conclusive. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs1800587 and CP in case-control samples of Han Chinese origin. A total of 1,777 study subjects, including 884 CP patients and 893 healthy controls, were collected. Genotyping of rs1800587 was performed using the SNAPSHOT method, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between rs1800587 and CP. In our sample, rs1800587 was significantly associated with the onset of CP (additive model, T-allele vs. C-allele, p = 0.00359, odds ratio = 1.446, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.127–1.855; dominant model, (TT + TC) vs. CC, p = 0.00250, odds ratio = 1.502, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.957; overdominant model, TC vs. (TT + CC), p = 0.00264, odds ratio = 1.508, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.976). The T-allele and [TC] genotypes of rs1800587 were significantly overrepresented in CP patients compared with controls. Our data suggest that rs1800587 of IL-1α is significantly associated with the risk of CP in Han Chinese subjects, further confirming its possible involvement in the disease.
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26
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Hatasa M, Ohsugi Y, Katagiri S, Yoshida S, Niimi H, Morita K, Tsuchiya Y, Shimohira T, Sasaki N, Maekawa S, Shiba T, Hirota T, Tohara H, Takahashi H, Nitta H, Iwata T. Endotoxemia by Porphyromonas gingivalis Alters Endocrine Functions in Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:580577. [PMID: 33542905 PMCID: PMC7850987 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.580577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of obesity is important for increasing longevity. The characteristics, size, and function of adipocytes are altered in patients with obesity. Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage but also an endocrine organ. Alteration of endocrine activities in adipose tissue, among them the functional decline of brown adipose tissue (BAT), is associated with obesity. Periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases since endotoxemia is caused by periodontal bacteria. However, the effect of periodontal disease on obesity remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of endotoxemia due to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a prominent cause of periodontal disease, on the BAT. Herein, endotoxemia was induced in 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice through intravenous injection of sonicated 108 CFU of P. gingivalis (Pg) or saline (control [Co]) once. Eighteen hours later, despite no inflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration, inflammation-related genes were upregulated exclusively in the BAT of Pg mice compared with Co mice. Although no marked histological changes were observed in adipose tissues, expressions of genes related to lipolysis, Lipe and Pnpla2 were downregulated after P. gingivalis injection in BAT. Furthermore, expression of Pparg and Adipoq was downregulated only in the BAT but not in the white adipose tissues, along with downregulation of Ucp1 and Cidea expression, which are BAT-specific markers, in Pg mice. Microarray analysis of the BAT showed 106 differentially expressed genes between Co and Pg mice. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the cholesterol homeostasis gene set and PI3/Akt/mTOR signaling gene set in BAT were downregulated, whereas the TGF-β signaling gene set was enriched in Pg mice. Overall, intravenous injection of sonicated P. gingivalis altered the endocrine functions of the BAT in mice. This study indicates that endotoxemia by P. gingivalis potentially affects obesity by disrupting BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Morita
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Tohara
- Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Facility of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Doke M, Komagamine Y, Kanazawa M, Iwaki M, Suzuki H, Miyazaki Y, Mizuno T, Okayasu K, Minakuchi S. Effect of dental intervention on improvements in metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:4. [PMID: 33407371 PMCID: PMC7788763 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS), caused by the accumulation of visceral fat, is considered a major cause of cardiovascular disease. This randomized controlled trial aimed to clarify the effect of dental intervention, including prosthodontics and/or periodontal treatment, combined with dietary and exercise guidance on MetS. Methods In total, 112 patients who met the Japanese waist circumference criteria of MetS were recruited. The intervention group (ITG) received dental intervention along with dietary and exercise guidance, while the control group (CTG) received dietary and exercise guidance alone. Three outcome measurements were obtained before intervention (BL), 1 month after intervention (1M), and 3 months after intervention (3M). Results Body water rate (p = 0.043) was significantly higher in ITG than in CTG at 1M. Simultaneously, fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.098) tended to be lower in ITG than in CTG. Lean mass (p = 0.037) and muscle mass (p = 0.035) were significantly higher and body weight (p = 0.044) significantly lower in ITG than in CTG at 3M. Body mass index (p = 0.052) tended to be lower in ITG than in CTG. Conclusions Dental intervention combined with lifestyle guidance may improve anthropometric status and reduce the risk of MetS. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Center Unique UMIN000022753. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000026176.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Doke
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Iwaki
- General Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunari Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizuno
- Department of Health Science and Physical Education, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Okayasu
- Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital Medical Center for Allergic and Immune Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Watanabe K, Katagiri S, Takahashi H, Sasaki N, Maekawa S, Komazaki R, Hatasa M, Kitajima Y, Maruyama Y, Shiba T, Komatsu K, Ohsugi Y, Tanaka K, Matsuzawa A, Hirota T, Tohara H, Eguchi Y, Anzai K, Hattori A, Iwata T. Porphyromonas gingivalis
impairs glucose uptake in skeletal muscle associated with altering gut microbiota. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21171. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001158r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology Facility of Medicine Saga University Saga Japan
- Liver Center Saga University Hospital Saga University Saga Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Rina Komazaki
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Hatasa
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kitajima
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology Facility of Medicine Saga University Saga Japan
- Department of Radiology Eguchi Hospital Saga Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology Facility of Medicine Saga University Saga Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsuzawa
- Department of Epigenetics Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Hirota
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research Center for Medical Science The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruka Tohara
- Dysphagia Rehabilitation Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Liver Center Saga University Hospital Saga University Saga Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology Facility of Medicine Saga University Saga Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
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29
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Panwar H, Rokana N, Aparna SV, Kaur J, Singh A, Singh J, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Puniya AK. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S V Aparna
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K S Singh
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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30
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Di Spirito F, Sbordone L, Pilone V, D’Ambrosio F. Obesity and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review on Current Evidence and Putative Molecular Links. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Obesity represents one of the main health problems worldwide and is considered a risk factor for several diseases, including periodontitis, which is a microbially-associated inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures.
Objective:
The aim of this review was to report the current direct and indirect evidence concerning the possible association between obesity and periodontitis and their putative molecular links.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted between January 1999 and September 2019, in PubMed/MEDLINE and Science Direct databases, using pertinent keyword combined by Boolean operators. Through a multi-step screening process (literature search; articles title and abstract evaluation and full-text reading), studies fitting inclusion/exclusion criteria were considered for the review.
Results:
35 studies were included in the present review (17 observational studies; 7 systematic reviews; 11 systematic reviews with meta-analysis), focusing on the direct and indirect evidence of the possible association between obesity and periodontitis and their potential etiopathogenic molecular links
Conclusion:
Although the majority of the studies reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis, the heterogeneity of the classification criteria and of the clinical parameters employed in the studies for both obesity and periodontitis evaluation, complicated the comparison of the results, thus considered inconclusive. Although several putative molecular pathogenic links between obesity and periodontitis have been highlighted, further studies, with longer follow-ups and with homogeneous clinical criteria, are needed to better understand the putative relation between obesity and periodontal disease.
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31
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Arboleda S, Vargas M, Losada S, Pinto A. Review of obesity and periodontitis: an epidemiological view. Br Dent J 2019; 227:235-239. [PMID: 31399683 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis are among the most common non-communicable diseases, and epidemiological studies report the influence of obesity in the onset and progression of periodontitis. Data indicate that increased body mass index, waist circumference, percentage of subcutaneous body fat, and serum lipid levels are associated with increased risk to develop periodontitis. The underlying biological mechanisms of this association involve adipose tissue-derived cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, which affect whole-body metabolism and contribute to the development of a low-grade systemic inflammation. Multiple studies report a positive association between these two diseases across diverse populations. Obesity does not appear to impair the success of periodontal therapy. However, currently available evidence is variable and therefore inconclusive. Despite the limited evidence about recommendations on treatment planning, oral healthcare professionals need to be aware of the complexity of obesity to counsel their patients about the importance of maintaining healthy body weight and performing good oral hygiene procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silie Arboleda
- Unit of Clinical Oral Epidemiology (UNIECLO) Investigations, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Miguel Vargas
- Unit of Clinical Oral Epidemiology (UNIECLO) Investigations, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Losada
- Unit of Clinical Oral Epidemiology (UNIECLO) Investigations, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres Pinto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Konkel JE, O'Boyle C, Krishnan S. Distal Consequences of Oral Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1403. [PMID: 31293577 PMCID: PMC6603141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an incredibly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, which results in the destruction of tooth supporting structures. However, in addition to causing tooth and alveolar bone loss, this oral inflammatory disease has been shown to contribute to disease states and inflammatory pathology at sites distant from the oral cavity. Epidemiological and experimental studies have linked periodontitis to the development and/or exacerbation of a plethora of other chronic diseases ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to Alzheimer's disease. Such studies highlight how the inflammatory status of the oral cavity can have a profound impact on systemic health. In this review we discuss the disease states impacted by periodontitis and explore potential mechanisms whereby oral inflammation could promote loss of homeostasis at distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Konkel
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conor O'Boyle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Krishnan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Jiménez-Hernández N, Serrano-Villar S, Domingo A, Pons X, Artacho A, Estrada V, Moya A, Gosalbes MJ. Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061346. [PMID: 31208015 PMCID: PMC6627446 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by an early depletion of the mucosal associated T helper (CD4+) cells that impair the host immunity and impact the oral and gut microbiomes. Although, the HIV-associated gut microbiota was studied in depth, few works addressed the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV infection and, to our knowledge, no studies on intervention with prebiotics were performed. We studied the effect of a six-week-long prebiotic administration on the salivary microbiota in HIV patients and healthy subjects. Also, the co-occurrence of saliva microorganisms in the fecal bacteria community was explored. We assessed salivary and feces microbiota composition using deep 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing with Illumina methodology. At baseline, the different groups shared the same most abundant genera, but the HIV status had an impact on the saliva microbiota composition and diversity parameters. After the intervention with prebiotics, we found a drastic decrease in alpha diversity parameters, as well as a change of beta diversity, without a clear directionality toward a healthy microbiota. Interestingly, we found a differential response to the prebiotics, depending on the initial microbiota. On the basis of 100% identity clustering, we detected saliva sequences in the feces datasets, suggesting a drag of microorganisms from the upper to the lower gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Jiménez-Hernández
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Domingo
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Xavier Pons
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Estrada
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas/Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdiSSC, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrés Moya
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Universidad de Valencia y CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Gosalbes
- Área de Genómica y Salud, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Shan MJ, Zou YF, Guo P, Weng JX, Wang QQ, Dai YL, Liu HB, Zhang YM, Jiang GY, Xie Q, Meng LB. Systematic estimation of BMI: A novel insight into predicting overweight/obesity in undergraduates. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15810. [PMID: 31124981 PMCID: PMC6571404 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight-obesity has increased sharply among undergraduates worldwide. In 2016, approximately 52% of adults were overweight-obese. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight-obesity and explore in depth the connection between eating habits and overweight-obesity among Chinese undergraduates.The study population included 536 undergraduates recruited in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2017. They were administered questionnaires for assessing demographic and daily lifestyle characteristics, including sex, region, eating speed, number of meals per day, and sweetmeat habit. Anthropometric status was assessed by calculating the body mass index (BMI). The determinants of overweight-obesity were investigated by the Pearson χ test, Spearman rho test, multivariable linear regression, univariate/multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.The prevalence of undergraduate overweight-obesity was 13.6%. Sex [male vs female, odds ratio (OR): 1.903; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.147-3.156], region (urban vs rural, OR: 1.953; 95% CI: 1.178-3.240), number of meals per day (3 vs 2, OR: 0.290; 95% CI: 0.137-0.612), and sweetmeat habit (every day vs never, OR: 4.167; 95% CI: 1.090-15.933) were significantly associated with overweight-obesity. Eating very fast was positively associated with overweight-obesity and showed the highest OR (vs very slow/slow, OR: 5.486; 95% CI: 1.622-18.553). However, the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that only higher eating speed is a significant independent risk factor for overweight/obesity (OR: 17.392; 95% CI, 1.614-187.363; P = .019).Scoremeng = 1.402 × scoresex + 1.269 × scoreregion + 19.004 × scoreeatin speed + 2.546 × scorenumber of meals per day + 1.626 × scoresweetmeat habit and BMI = 0.253 × Scoremeng + 18.592. These 2 formulas can help estimate the weight status of undergraduates and predict whether they will be overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Shan
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yang-Fan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Navy Clinical College of Anhui Medical University
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Jia-Xu Weng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin
| | - Ya-Lun Dai
- Epidemiology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing
| | - Hui-Bin Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rugao Motou Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu
| | - Yuan-Meng Zhang
- Internal Medicine Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning
| | - Guan-Yin Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yoshihara A, Kaneko N, Nohno K, Iwasaki M. Interaction between beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and environmental factors on periodontal progression. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:623-630. [PMID: 31002408 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the relationship between beta-3 adrenergic receptor polymorphism and environmental factors such as smoking on periodontal disease by considering effect modification. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 294 subjects who participated in all follow-up surveys over the 6-year study period were analysed. After dividing subjects into tertiles according to the number of years exposed to smoking, we conducted Poisson regression analysis to compare the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for periodontal disease events during the 6-year study period with beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype (1: Arg allele carriers, 2: Arg allele non-carriers) for each tertile adjusted for other four variables. RESULTS The number of years exposed to smoking (mean ± standard deviation) for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tertiles was 0 ± 0, 20.1 ± 9.1 and 45.3 ± 7.7 years, respectively. The IRRs ± SE were 0.89 ± 0.08 (p = 0.218) for the 1st tertile, 1.93 ± 0.36 (p < 0.001) for the 2nd tertile and 2.56 ± 0.23 (p < 0.001) for the 3rd tertile. CONCLUSION There was a clear dose-response relationship between beta-3 adrenergic receptor genotype and periodontal disease progression based on the number of years exposed to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noboru Kaneko
- Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaname Nohno
- Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Department of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Enevold C, Nielsen CH, Molbo D, Lund R, Bendtzen K, Fiehn NE, Holmstrup P. Lewis and AB0 blood group-phenotypes in periodontitis, cardiovascular disease, obesity and stroke. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6283. [PMID: 31000730 PMCID: PMC6472418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The AB0 blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and periodontal disease, while the Lewis blood group has been linked to ischaemic heart disease and obesity, all of which have been associated with periodontitis. AB0 or Lewis blood group phenotype may therefore constitute common hereditary components predisposing to these disorders. In this study, we investigated if blood group phenotype associated with periodontitis in a subpopulation consisting of 702 participants from a Danish cross-sectional cohort and, secondarily, attempted to confirm their association with hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and obesity. No significant association between blood group phenotype and periodontitis was detected, nor were previously reported associations between blood group phenotype and hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and obesity confirmed. This may, at least partly, be attributed to differences in study type, outcome definitions, cohort sizes, and population attributable factors. However, our results suggested a strong association between self-reported stroke and the Lewis (a−b−) phenotype (P = 0.0002, OR: 22.28; CI 95: 4.72–131.63).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - C H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Molbo
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Lund
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Bendtzen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N -E Fiehn
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Holmstrup
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to identify and summarize current evidence describing periodontal complications associated with obesity. Electronic searches supplemented with manual searches were carried out to identify relevant systematic reviews. Identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of studies were performed independently by two reviewers. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the included reviews. From 430 titles and abstracts screened, 14 systematic reviews were considered as eligible for inclusion in this meta-review. Eight reviews reported on cross-sectional studies investigating the association of obesity and periodontal diseases, 4 included longitudinal studies, 5 addressed response to periodontal therapy, 5 reported on studies investigating biomarkers, and only 2 were related to pediatric population samples. Systematic review summaries in the various study design domains (cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental) report that obese individuals are more likely to have periodontal diseases, with more severe periodontal conditions, than nonobese individuals, with cross-sectional evidence congruent with longitudinal studies showing that obesity or weight gain increases the risk of periodontitis onset and progression. Published research on the effect of obesity on responses to periodontal therapy, or systemic or local biomarkers of inflammation, is variable and therefore inconclusive based on the evidence currently available, which suggests that overweight/obesity contributes to periodontal complications independently of other risk factors, such as age, gender, smoking, or ethnicity. This evidence supports the need for risk assessments for individual patients to facilitate personalized approaches in order to prevent and treat periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Suvan
- Unit of Periodontology, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Finer
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
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Kitagawa M, Kurahashi T, Matsukubo T. Relationship between General Health, Lifestyle, Oral Health, and Periodontal Disease in Adults: A Large Cross-sectional Study in Japan. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2019; 58:1-8. [PMID: 28381729 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2016-2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how general health, oral conditions, and lifestyle were associated with periodontal disease in adults, as clarifying this relationship may be useful in preventing periodontal disease. Medical checkups were conducted on individuals aged 40, 50, or 60 years. Data were obtained for analysis on a total of 36,110 patients (men, 12,784; women, 22,896). A stepwise logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for patients who were ≥code 3 according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Approximately 40, 60, and 70% of men aged 40, 50, and 60 years, respectively, had a CPI score of ≥3. There were 10% fewer women than men at each age. Stepwise logistic regression revealed a BMI score of ≥30 kg/m2(OR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.20-1.73); systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.02-1.18); a fasting blood sugar level of ≥110 mg/dl (OR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.04-1.30); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of <40 mg/dl (OR, 1.21; 95%CI, 1.06-1.37); smoker (OR, 1.59; 95%CI, 1.48-1.71); drinking ≥3 cups of Japanese sake per day (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.05-1.14); use of salts for seasoning (OR, 1.17; 95%CI, 1.07-1.28); and fair and poor oral hygiene (OR, 2.27; 95%CI, 2.08-2.47) as significant risk factors for a CPI score of ≥3. These results suggest that smoking, oral hygiene status, and factors associated with metabolic syndrome are associated with periodontitis. This indicates that health guidance on tooth brushing, the importance of quitting smoking, and control of obesity may be effective in preventing the development of periodontal disease in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kitagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College
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Roa I, Del Sol M. Obesity, salivary glands and oral pathology. COLOMBIA MEDICA (CALI, COLOMBIA) 2018; 49:280-287. [PMID: 30700921 PMCID: PMC6342082 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v49i3.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions in recent years. Not only adults suffer from the disease, but increasingly children and young people. One of the main causes of overweight and obesity is excessive food intake, in particular heavily processed carbohydrates. Obesity alters multiple organs, including the salivary glands, bringing functional alterations with it. Among researchers, the relation between obesity and tooth decay, periodontal disease and xerostomia is being debated. More and more scientific reports are drawing attention to the changes in the microflora of the oral cavity during obesity. All changes are closely related to the morphological and functional alterations of the salivary glands. This article review presents the current points of view regarding the impact of obesity on the health of the salivary glands, and how changes their functions influence other structures in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Roa
- Universidad de Talca Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas. Talca, Chile.,Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas. Temuco, Chile
| | - Mariano Del Sol
- Universidad de La Frontera, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Excelencia en Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos (CEMyQ). Temuco, Chile
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Makkar H, Reynolds MA, Wadhawan A, Dagdag A, Merchant AT, Postolache TT. Periodontal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease: Exploring the role of inflammation and mental health. Pteridines 2018; 29:124-163. [PMID: 30705520 PMCID: PMC6350811 DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence connects periodontal disease, a modifiable condition affecting a majority of Americans, with metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the likely mediation of these associations by immune activation and their potential interactions with mental illness. Future longitudinal, and ideally interventional studies, should focus on reciprocal interactions and cascading effects, as well as points for effective preventative and therapeutic interventions across diagnostic domains to reduce morbidity, mortality and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80220, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,
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Free fatty acids may be involved in the pathogenesis of oral-related and cardiovascular diseases. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Damanaki A, Nokhbehsaim M, Hiththetiya K, Memmert S, Gao J, Nguyen KA, Götz W, Jäger A, Wahl G, Deschner J. Characterization of a diet-induced obesity rat model for periodontal research. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:937-946. [PMID: 29907930 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with periodontitis, but the mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be unraveled. The present investigation was to evaluate a common rat model, in which obesity is induced by high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD), for its applicability in periodontal research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male Wistar rats were fed a 3-month HFSD along with a matching control group. Afterwards, the body weight, adipocyte morphology, leptin and adiponectin levels in adipose tissue, gingiva, and serum as well as the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose were analyzed. For statistical analyses, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied (p < 0.05). RESULTS Body weight was significantly higher in the HFSD group after dieting as compared to control. HFSD caused a significant increase in serum triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin levels and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, adipose tissue from HFSD rats exhibited significantly larger adipocytes, displayed a significant upregulation of leptin and, surprisingly, elevated adiponectin levels, which is in contrast to chronic obesity in humans. Although leptin and adiponectin were also observed in gingival biopsies, no obvious differences between the groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Although this rat diet-induced obesity model is characterized by changes typical of obesity, it also has limitations, which have to be considered when data, especially with regard to adipokines, are extrapolated to humans. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The rodent diet-induced obesity model may be useful for unraveling pathomechanisms underlying the association between obesity and periodontal destruction but conclusions have to be drawn with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damanaki
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Memmert
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jinlong Gao
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ky-Anh Nguyen
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wahl
- Department of Oral Surgery, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
- Noel Martin Visiting Chair, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Australia.
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Koo HS, Hong SM. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Periodontitis Among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:375-381. [PMID: 29893616 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of periodontitis is higher when metabolic syndrome (MS) is present. However, only few Korean studies have compared the risk factors for MS and periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for periodontitis relative to the presence of MS. METHODS The data collected from 13,196 respondents of the 2010-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in South Korea, which include periodontitis and MS parameters, were analyzed after propensity score matching of sex and age. RESULTS A total of 29% of the participants had periodontitis. The periodontitis group had more males (53%), lower number of participants who had a high educational level (66.6%), and higher body mass index (24.3 ± 3.2) and waist circumference (83.8 ± 9.2) than the nonperiodontitis group. Moreover, the periodontitis group exhibited higher systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose and plasma triglyceride levels, but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the nonperiodontitis group (P < 0.001). Several patients in the periodontitis group had hypertension (43.3%) and diabetes mellitus (17.3%), but only few had chronic kidney disease (3.4%). Multiple regression analysis showed that the risk of periodontitis increased when MS, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history were present. Particularly, the risk of periodontitis increased as the number of MS components increased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MS had 1.12-fold higher risk of periodontitis than those without. Additionally, patients who had diabetes mellitus and were smokers had a particularly high risk of periodontitis. The risk of periodontitis increased as the number of MS components increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Seok Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Min Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University , Seoul, South Korea
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Iwasaki M, Borgnakke WS, Ogawa H, Yamaga T, Sato M, Minagawa K, Ansai T, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H. Effect of lifestyle on 6‐year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:896-908. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwasaki
- Department of Oral Health ScienceDivision of Preventive DentistryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of Community Oral Health DevelopmentKyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Wenche S. Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of Dentistry Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Oral Health ScienceDivision of Preventive DentistryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaga
- Department of Oral Health ScienceDivision of Preventive DentistryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Misuzu Sato
- Department of Oral Health ScienceDivision of Preventive DentistryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Kumiko Minagawa
- Department of Oral Health ScienceDivision of Preventive DentistryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health DevelopmentKyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Oral Health and WelfareDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Health ScienceDivision of Preventive DentistryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
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Miyoshi N, Tanigawa T, Nishioka S, Maruyama K, Eguchi E, Tanaka K, Saito I, Yamazaki K, Miyake Y. Association of salivary lactate dehydrogenase level with systemic inflammation in a Japanese population. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:487-494. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Miyoshi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - T. Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Nishioka
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
- Ehime Dental Association; Ehime Japan
| | - K. Maruyama
- Department of Public Health; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - E. Eguchi
- Department of Public Health; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - I. Saito
- Department of Basic Nursing and Health Science; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
| | - K. Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection; Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Y. Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Ehime Japan
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Zambon M, Mandò C, Lissoni A, Anelli GM, Novielli C, Cardellicchio M, Leone R, Monari MN, Massari M, Cetin I, Abati S. Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses in Pregnancies With Obesity and Periodontal Disease. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1474-1484. [PMID: 29343164 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117749758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is related to immunologic and inflammatory systemic modifications that may worsen the pregnancy inflammatory status. Hormonal changes during pregnancy can adversely affect oral biofilms and oral health initiating or worsening periodontal diseases, with enhanced local and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between local salivary and systemic parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in relation to obesity and periodontal diseases. STUDY DESIGN Sixty-two women with singleton pregnancies were enrolled. Twenty-seven women were normal weight (NW; 18.5< body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) and 35 obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Seventeen of the obese had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). During third trimester, periodontal status was evaluated, saliva (s) was collected to assess total antioxidant capacity (s-TAC) and C-reactive protein (s-CRP) levels, and venous plasma (p) was used to measure CRP levels (p-CRP). Maternal, fetal, and placental data were registered at delivery. RESULTS Levels of s-TAC, s-CRP, and p-CRP were significantly higher in obese, particularly in the presence of GDM, compared to NW and related to each other ( P = .000; r > 0.59), to maternal BMI ( P = .000; r > 0.52), and fasting glycemia ( P < .002; r > 0.47). Periodontal disease was more frequent in obese groups (80%) versus NW (52%; P = .04), particularly when GDM was diagnosed ( P = .009). A significant interaction effect between maternal BMI and oral condition was found for s-TAC levels. Obese with periodontitis showed significant increase in local and systemic parameters versus NW. CONCLUSION Obesity and periodontal disease could synergistically amplify the inflammatory and oxidative status, resulting in increased local and systemic biomarkers particularly when GDM is diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zambon
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandò
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lissoni
- 2 Unit of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Novielli
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Cardellicchio
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Leone
- 3 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marta Noemi Monari
- 4 Laboratory of Analysis, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Massari
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- 1 Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Abati
- 2 Unit of Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Sonoda C, Fukuda H, Kitamura M, Hayashida H, Kawashita Y, Furugen R, Koyama Z, Saito T. Associations among Obesity, Eating Speed, and Oral Health. Obes Facts 2018; 11:165-175. [PMID: 29669358 PMCID: PMC5981670 DOI: 10.1159/000488533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to understand how eating speed and oral health condition are associated with obesity in Japanese working men. METHODS We studied a total of 863 men attending an annual medical checkup of the Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force in Sasebo City, Japan. Participants answered a questionnaire about their eating speed, and we examined their anthropometric status in terms of BMI, waist circumference, and oral health condition, especially periodontal disease and number of functional teeth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounding variables were performed. RESULTS The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for waist circumference greater than 90 cm of the 'very fast' group compared to the 'slow, very slow' group was 5.22 (95% confidence interval 1.81-15.06) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Individuals were more likely to have waist circumference greater than 90 cm if they had a larger 'number of missing functional teeth' (odds ratio 1.14; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.28) and severe periodontal disease (odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.13). CONCLUSION Eating speed, the number of missing functional teeth, and severe periodontal disease are associated independently with larger waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikanobu Sonoda
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukuda
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Hideki Fukuda, PhD, Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City,
| | - Masayasu Kitamura
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hayashida
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kawashita
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Reiko Furugen
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Zenya Koyama
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saito
- Department of Oral Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Pham TAV, Kieu TQ, Ngo LTQ. Risk factors of periodontal disease in Vietnamese patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9. [PMID: 28497901 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the association of periodontitis with dental and smoking behaviors, self-perception of oral status, dental knowledge, and obesity in Vietnamese patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 367 adults who first visited the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Information on demographic characteristics, dental and smoking behaviors, self-perception of oral status, dental knowledge, and nutritional status was investigated by a self-administered questionnaire. Periodontal status, including plaque index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing, was examined. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to explore risk factors that were associated with periodontitis after adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Dental and smoking behaviors, dental knowledge, and nutritional status were all significantly related to periodontitis. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients who had risk factors significantly associated with periodontitis were those who had dental scaling during the past year (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2), current smokers (OR: 2.47), who received instructions on oral hygiene (OR=1.73), and those who were overweight/obese (OR: 4.78). CONCLUSION Periodontitis was correlated with dental and smoking behaviors, dental knowledge, and nutritional status in Vietnamese dental patients. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, reducing tobacco consumption, motivating oral self-care behaviors, together with normal weight maintenance, are necessary to reduce periodontal disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy A V Pham
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thoai Q Kieu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan T Q Ngo
- Department of Dental Basic Science, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Shikama Y, Kudo Y, Ishimaru N, Funaki M. Potential Role of Free Fatty Acids in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis and Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040836. [PMID: 28420093 PMCID: PMC5412420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia are associated with increased risk of oral-related diseases, such as periodontitis and Sjögren’s syndrome. Although changes in the immune system are critical in both of these metabolic disorders and oral-related diseases, the mechanism underlying the interaction between these diseases remains largely unknown. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are known to be associated with higher concentrations of free fatty acids in blood. Among free fatty acids, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid have been demonstrated to induce inflammatory responses mainly via the innate immune systems, and to be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Here, we highlight recent advances in evidence for the potential involvement of palmitic acid in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and Sjögren’s syndrome, and discuss the possibility that improvement of the lipid profile could be a new strategy for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shikama
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Makoto Funaki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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Akinkugbe AA, Sanders AE, Preisser JS, Cai J, Salazar CR, Beck JD. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and periodontitis prevalence among nonsmokers in the hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2016; 45:168-177. [PMID: 27978596 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its association with periodontitis prevalence in a diverse group of Hispanics/Latinos. METHODS Data came from 8675 lifetime nonsmokers in the 2008-2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Exposure to ETS was self-reported, while periodontitis was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology criteria and the proportion of sites affected by clinical attachment level of ≥3 mm or pocket depth of ≥4 mm. Survey logistic regression estimated prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In addition, we assessed whether greater hours of exposure to ETS in the past year was associated with greater periodontitis prevalence, and lastly, we conducted a simple sensitivity analysis of ETS misclassification. RESULTS Age-standardized prevalence estimates (95% CI) for ETS exposure and periodontitis were 57.6% (55.9, 59.4) and 39.8% (38.1, 41.4), respectively. After adjusting for confounders and periodontitis risk factors, we estimated an overall adjusted POR (95% CI) for the ETS-periodontitis association as 1.09 (0.95-1.26) with a confidence limit ratio (CLR) of 1.34. This association varied in magnitude by Hispanic/Latino background, ranging from 1.04 (0.75, 1.43 with a CLR = 1.91) among Central Americans to 1.76 (1.16, 2.66 with a CLR = 2.29) in Puerto Ricans. CONCLUSIONS Previously reported associations between ETS and periodontitis appear weak in this study. However, the magnitude of the association differs according to Hispanic/Latino background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke A Akinkugbe
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John S Preisser
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christian R Salazar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - James D Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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