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Xiao Y, Xiao X, Zhang X, Yi D, Li T, Hao Q, Zhang F, Li X, Wang N. Mediterranean diet in the targeted prevention and personalized treatment of chronic diseases: evidence, potential mechanisms, and prospects. EPMA J 2024; 15:207-220. [PMID: 38841625 PMCID: PMC11147989 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases is currently a major public health issue worldwide and is exploding with the population growth and aging. Dietary patterns are well known to play a important role in our overall health and well-being, and therefore, poor diet and malnutrition are among the most critical risk factors for chronic disease. Thus, dietary recommendation and nutritional supplementation have significant clinical implications for the targeted treatment of some of these diseases. Multiple dietary patterns have been proposed to prevent chronic disease incidence, like Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD). Among them, the MedDiet, which is one of the most well-known and studied dietary patterns in the world, has been related to a wide extent of health benefits. Substantial evidence has supported an important reverse association between higher compliance to MedDiet and the risk of chronic disease. Innovative strategies within the healthcare framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) view personalized dietary customization as a predictive medical approach, cost-effective preventive measures, and the optimal dietary treatment tailored to the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in primary and secondary care. Through a comprehensive collection and review of available evidence, this review summarizes health benefits of MedDiet in the context of PPPM/3PM for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and cancer, thereby a working hypothesis that MedDiet can personalize the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases was derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Xiao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Xiao
- Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Yi
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Hao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
- Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
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Benincasa G, Suades R, Padró T, Badimon L, Napoli C. Bioinformatic platforms for clinical stratification of natural history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2023; 9:758-769. [PMID: 37562936 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Although bioinformatic methods gained a lot of attention in the latest years, their use in real-world studies for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) is still lacking. Bioinformatic resources have been applied to thousands of individuals from the Framingham Heart Study as well as health care-associated biobanks such as the UK Biobank, the Million Veteran Program, and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium and randomized controlled trials (i.e. ODYSSEY, FOURIER, ASPREE, and PREDIMED). These studies contributed to the development of polygenic risk scores (PRS), which emerged as novel potent genetic-oriented tools, able to calculate the individual risk of ASCVD and to predict the individual response to therapies such as statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor. ASCVD are the first cause of death around the world including coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral artery disease, and stroke. To achieve the goal of precision medicine and personalized therapy, advanced bioinformatic platforms are set to link clinically useful indices to heterogeneous molecular data, mainly epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. The DIANA study found that differential methylation of ABCA1, TCF7, PDGFA, and PRKCZ significantly discriminated patients with acute coronary syndrome from healthy subjects and their expression levels positively associated with CK-MB serum concentrations. The ARIC Study revealed several plasma proteins, acting or not in lipid metabolism, with a potential role in determining the different pleiotropic effects of statins in each subject. The implementation of molecular high-throughput studies and bioinformatic techniques into traditional cardiovascular risk prediction scores is emerging as a more accurate practice to stratify patients earlier in life and to favour timely and tailored risk reduction strategies. Of note, radiogenomics aims to combine imaging features extracted for instance by coronary computed tomography angiography and molecular biomarkers to create CHD diagnostic algorithms useful to characterize atherosclerotic lesions and myocardial abnormalities. The current view is that such platforms could be of clinical value for prevention, risk stratification, and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', 80138 Naples, Italy
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute of Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Avinguda Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Pavelló 11 (Antic Convent), 08049 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', 80138 Naples, Italy
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Lorente M, Azpiroz MJ, Guedes P, Burgos R, Lluch A, Dos L. Nutrition, dietary recommendations, and supplements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2023.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Lou Z, Yi SS, Pomeranz J, Suss R, Russo R, Rummo PE, Eom H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Moran AE, Bellows BK, Kong N, Li Y. The Health and Economic Impact of Using a Sugar Sweetened Beverage Tax to Fund Fruit and Vegetable Subsidies in New York City: A Modeling Study. J Urban Health 2023; 100:51-62. [PMID: 36550343 PMCID: PMC9918717 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Low fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and high sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption are independently associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many people in New York City (NYC) have low FV intake and high SSB consumption, partly due to high cost of fresh FVs and low cost of and easy access to SSBs. A potential implementation of an SSB tax and an FV subsidy program could result in substantial public health and economic benefits. We used a validated microsimulation model for predicting CVD events to estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of SSB taxes, FV subsidies, and funding FV subsidies with an SSB tax in NYC. Population demographics and health profiles were estimated using data from the NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Policy effects and price elasticity were derived from recent meta-analyses. We found that funding FV subsidies with an SSB tax was projected to be the most cost-effective policy from the healthcare sector perspective. From the societal perspective, the most cost-effective policy was SSB taxes. All policy scenarios could prevent more CVD events and save more healthcare costs among men compared to women, and among Black vs. White adults. Public health practitioners and policymakers may want to consider adopting this combination of policy actions, while weighing feasibility considerations and other unintended consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Lou
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stella S Yi
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Pomeranz
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Suss
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rienna Russo
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heesun Eom
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew E Moran
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon K Bellows
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nan Kong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Thipsawat S. Intervention for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Prediabetes: A Review of the Literature. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231175581. [PMID: 37324573 PMCID: PMC10265340 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231175581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent decades, the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased rapidly and represent a significant public health problem worldwide. Long-term T2DM is associated with microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Prediabetes is a state of hyperglycemia with blood glucose levels higher than normal but lower than the diabetes threshold. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions that resulted in a 40% to 70% reduction in diabetes mellitus in adults with prediabetes. These interventions focused on increased physical activity and dietary changes that were able to prevent or delay the onset of T2DM in prediabetes. However, most review studies focused on interventions to prevent T2DM in high-risk groups such as obesity. There was a limitation of reports related to prediabetes. Nevertheless, it remains a high-risk condition for the development of T2DM with a conversion rate of 5% to 10% per year. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the current evidence on intervention studies aimed at reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes in prediabetes. Method The researcher conducted a literature search of common online databases such as Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library between January 2011 and December 2021. Result The intervention for the prevention of T2DM in prediabetes consisted of a lifestyle intervention, a nutritional supplementation intervention, and a pharmacological intervention. Conclusion Several studies suggest that T2DM in prediabetes can be prevented by lifestyle modification and pharmacological interventions, or a combined intervention. However, further interventions may be needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopida Thipsawat
- Excellence Center of Community Health Promotion, School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Gioxari A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Katsarou C, Panagiotakos DB, Toutouza M, Kavouras SA, Sidossis LS, Maraki MI. A Modified Mediterranean Diet Improves Fasting and Postprandial Glucoregulation in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15347. [PMID: 36430066 PMCID: PMC9692994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ideal lifestyle intervention to battle both obesity and diabetes is currently unknown. The aim of this pilot uncontrolled intervention trial was to assess the effect of a modified Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on weight loss and glucoregulation among overweight/obese adults. Eleven men and women with overweight/obesity, aged 37 ± 12 years, participated in a free-living intervention until 10% weight loss was achieved. Participants followed an individualized MedDiet high in monounsaturated fat and protein with decreased carbohydrate and saturated fat contents. Physical activity and dietary intake were monitored with pedometers and food records, respectively. Upon weight loss achievement, anthropometric measurements, blood metabolic profiles and individual responses to oral glucose and mixed-meal tests were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. The results showed significant ameliorations in body fat, waist circumference and leptin levels (p < 0.01), with concomitant increases in adiponectin-leptin ratios (p < 0.001). Glucoregulation was significantly improved according to glucose and insulin responses, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance indices and postprandial insulin sensitivity indices (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the modified Mediterranean diet may induce significant improvements in body composition, adipocytokine profile and glucose metabolism in overweight/obese individuals. Notably, ameliorated glycemia and increased insulin sensitivity may be retained even at postprandial level, irrespective of the meal consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Science, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, GR24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Katsarou
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Toutouza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hippokration General Hospital, 2–4 Mesogeion Avenue, GR11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros A. Kavouras
- Hydration Science Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Labros S. Sidossis
- Laboratory of Nutrition & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70th Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., GR17676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maria I. Maraki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR72300 Sitia, Greece
- Section of Sport Medicine and Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistaseos Str., GR17237 Athens, Greece
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Huang X, Hui H, Zhu W, Chen N, Wei Y, Wang Z, Shi J. Effect of the interaction between alcohol and meat consumption on the hyperlipidaemia risk among elderly individuals: Evidence from Shanghai, China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:982626. [PMID: 36324622 PMCID: PMC9618893 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.982626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and other lifestyle habits may have an increased effect on blood lipids in older people. This study aimed to examine the associations between diet (meat, fish, and egg), alcohol consumption and blood lipids. Methods Surveillance data on chronic diseases and their risk factors were collected from Shanghai during 2017–2018. A Kish table was used for sampling 438 older adults, of whom 71 consumed alcohol. Logistic regression was used to test the relationships between diet, alcohol consumption and blood lipid levels in elderly individuals, and the marginal effects (MEs) were estimated. Results Dyslipidaemia was more common among drinkers than among nondrinkers (P < 0.01). Alcohol consumption was associated with dyslipidaemia (OR = 2.667, P < 0.01 for TC; OR = 1.919, P < 0.05 for LDL; OR = 3.412, P < 0.01 for TG), and consumption of more than 50 g of meat per day showed similar associations (OR = 3.227, P < 0.01 for TC; OR = 3.263, P < 0.01, for LDL; OR = 2.329, P < 0.01 for TG). The MEs of alcohol drinking and excessive meat consumption on the rate of dyslipidaemia were 0.324 for TC (P < 0.01), 0.255 for LDL (P < 0.05), and 0.174 for TG (P < 0.01). Discussion The risk of hyperlipidaemia was increased among elderly individuals with excessive meat and alcohol consumption, which also had an interactive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Huang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Hui
- General Department, Shanghai Baoshan District Gucun Town Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Executive Office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment (National Health Commission), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Wei
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Zhaoxin Wang
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jianwei Shi
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Cano-Ibáñez N, Quintana-Navarro GM, Alcala-Diaz JF, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Camargo A, Yubero-Serrano EM, Perez-Corral I, Larriva APAD, Garcia-Rios A, Perez-Martinez P, Delgado-Lista J, Lopez-Miranda J. CORDIOPREV and the traditional Mediterranean diet-Authors' response. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4229-4230. [PMID: 36190575 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidadde Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Gracia M Quintana-Navarro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan F Alcala-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol A Rangel-Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Perez-Corral
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004, Cordoba, Spain.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad Y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Huang WC, Huang YC, Lee MS, Doong JY, Pan WH, Chang HY. The Combined Effects of Dietary Diversity and Frailty on Mortality in Older Taiwanese People. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183825. [PMID: 36145199 PMCID: PMC9502423 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prospective association between frailty and dietary diversity on mortality. METHOD This prospective cohort study used the 2005-2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (N = 330; age ≥ 65 years) and this was linked to the Death Registry where we used the data that was recorded up to 31 January 2020. Dietary intake information was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall and food-frequency questionnaire, which were calculated a dietary diversity score (DDS; range, 0-6) and food consumption frequency. Assessment of frailty phenotypes was based on FRAIL scale which was proposed by the International Academy on Nutrition and Aging. RESULTS Frail older adults had a higher risk of all-cause mortality when they were compared to those with robust physiologies (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-6.52). Frailty and a lower DDS were associated with a higher risk of mortality (joint adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.11-4.75) which, compared with a robust physiology and higher DDS, were associated with a lower risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Frailty and a lower DDS were associated with a higher mortality. Prefrailty and frailty with a higher DDS were associated with a lower risk of mortality when compared with those with prefrailty and frailty and a lower DDS. These results suggest that eating a wide variety of foods might reduce the risk of mortality in older adults with prefrailty and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ching Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yau Doong
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-037-206-166 (ext. 36333)
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D’Archivio M, Santangelo C, Silenzi A, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Masella R. Dietary EVOO Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Interaction: Are There Any Sex/Gender Influences? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091744. [PMID: 36139818 PMCID: PMC9495659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, is associated with beneficial health effects and a reduced risk of developing chronic degenerative disorders. The beneficial effects of EVOO can be attributed to its unique composition in monounsaturated fats and phenolic compounds that provide important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating activities. On the other hand, it is well known that the gut microbiota has several important roles in normal human physiology, and its composition can be influenced by a multitude of environmental and lifestyle factors, among which dietary components play a relevant role. In the last few years, the two-way interaction between polyphenols, including those in EVOO, and the gut microbiota, i.e., the modulation of the microbiota by polyphenols and that of polyphenol metabolism and bioavailability by the microbiota, has attracted growing attention, being potentially relevant to explain the final effects of polyphenols, as well as of the microbiota profile. Furthermore, sex and gender can affect dietary habits, polyphenol intake, and nutrient metabolism. Lastly, it has been recently suggested that differences in gut microbiota composition could be involved in the unequal incidence of metabolic diseases observed between women and men, due to sex-dependent effects on shaping gut microbiota profiles according to diet. This review summarizes the most recent studies on the relationship between EVOO polyphenols and the gut microbiota, taking into account possible influences of sex and gender in modulating such an interaction.
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11
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Casas R, Ribó-Coll M, Ros E, Fitó M, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Salas-Salvadó J, Zazpe I, Martínez-González MA, Sorlí JV, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Change to a healthy diet in people over 70 years old: the PREDIMED experience. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1429-1444. [PMID: 34839386 PMCID: PMC8921045 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is difficult to change dietary habits and maintain them in the long run, particularly in elderly people. We aimed to assess whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular risk factor were similar in the middle-aged and oldest participants in the PREDIMED study. METHODS We analyzed participants belonging to the first and fourth quartiles of age (Q1 and Q4, respectively) to compare between-group differences in adherence to the nutritional intervention and cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) control during a 3-year follow-up. All participants underwent yearly clinical, nutritional, and laboratory assessments during the following. RESULTS A total of 2278 patients were included (1091 and 1187 in Q1 and Q4, respectively). At baseline, mean ages were 59.6 ± 2.1 years in Q1 and 74.2 ± 2.6 years in Q4. In Q4, there were more women, greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and lower obesity and smoking rates than the younger cohort (P ≤ 0.001, all). Adherence to the MedDiet was similar in Q1 and Q4 at baseline (mean 8.7 of 14 points for both) and improved significantly (P < 0.01) and to a similar extent (mean 10.2 and 10.0 points, respectively) during follow-up. Systolic blood pressure, low density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and body weight were similarly reduced at 3 years in Q1 and Q4 participants. CONCLUSION The youngest and oldest participants showed improved dietary habits and CRFs to a similar extent after 3 years' intervention. Therefore, it is never too late to improve dietary habits and ameliorate CRF in high-risk individuals, even those of advanced age. REGISTRATION The trial is registered in the London-based Current Controlled Trials Registry (ISRCTN number 35739639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarida Ribó-Coll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition and REGICOR Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventos
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorlí
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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García-García A, Alvarez-Sala-Walther LA, Lee HY, Sierra C, Pascual-Figal D, Camafort M. Is there sufficient evidence to justify changes in dietary habits in heart failure patients? A systematic review. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:37-47. [PMID: 34482681 PMCID: PMC8747930 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality. The global management of HF involves lifestyle changes in addition to pharmacological treatments. Changes include exercise and dietary recommendations, mainly salt and fluid restriction, but without any clear evidence. We conducted a systematic review to analyse the degree of evidence for these dietary recommendations in HF. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT), and observational studies in humans were selected. Studies were considered eligible if they included participants with HF and sodium and/or fluid restriction. Publications in languages other than English or Spanish were excluded. We included 15 studies related to sodium or fluid restriction. Nine RCT and six observational studies showed some improvements in symptoms and quality of life and a degree of reduction in new hospitalizations, but the results are based on limited population groups, applying different methodologies, and with different restriction goals. We found a lack of clear evidence of the benefits of sodium/fluid restriction in chronic HF. The evidence is limited to few studies with conflicting results. Randomized clinical trials are needed to fill this gap in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra García-García
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Gregorio Marañon" University General Hospital, Madrid,
Spain
| | | | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Cristina Sierra
- Department of Internal Medicine-ICMiD, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Domingo Pascual-Figal
- Department of Cardiology, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University General Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia,
Spain
| | - Miguel Camafort
- Department of Internal Medicine-ICMiD, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona,
Spain
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13
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Pathak N, McKinney A. Planetary Health, Climate Change, and Lifestyle Medicine: Threats and Opportunities. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:541-552. [PMID: 34646104 PMCID: PMC8504332 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211008127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Global environmental degradation and climate change threaten the foundation of human health and well-being. In a confluence of crises, the accelerating pace of climate change and other environmental disruptions pose an additional, preventable danger to a global population that is both aging and carrying a growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Climate change and environmental disruption function as "threat multipliers," especially for those with NCDs, worsening the potential health impacts on those with suboptimal health. At the same time, these environmental factors threaten the basic pillars of health and prevention, increasing the risk of developing chronic disease. In the face of these threats, the core competencies of lifestyle medicine (LM) present crucial opportunities to mitigate climate change and human health impacts while also allowing individuals and communities to build resilience. LM health professionals are uniquely positioned to coach patients toward climate-healthy behavior changes that heal both people and the planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Pathak
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Global Sustainability Committee, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amanda McKinney
- Institute for Human and Planetary Health-Doane University, Crete, Nebraska
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14
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Mantilla-Escalante DC, López de Las Hazas MC, Crespo MC, Martín-Hernández R, Tomé-Carneiro J, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Salas-Salvadó J, Bulló M, Dávalos A. Mediterranean diet enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts modulates circulating exosomal non-coding RNAs. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4279-4293. [PMID: 34027583 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, which can transport different molecules, including nucleic acids. Dietary habits may induce gene regulation through the modulation of exosomal RNAs. We aimed at characterizing exosomal lncRNAs, mRNA and miRNAs modulation after a 1-year adherence to a low-fat diet (LFD) or to Mediterranean-based diets enriched in extra-virgin olive oil (MedDiet + EVOO) or in a mixture of nuts (MedDiet + Nuts). METHODS Plasma samples were collected, at baseline and after 1 year of dietary interventions, from 150 participants included in the PREDIMED study (Reus Center). LncRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs were isolated from plasma exosomes and screened. RT-qPCR validation was performed for miRNAs. RESULTS Compared with LFD, 413 lncRNAs and 188 mRNAs, and 476 lncRNAs and 235 mRNAs were differentially modulated in response to the MedDiet + EVOO and MedDiet + Nuts interventions, respectively. In addition, after 1 year of dietary interventions, 26 circulating miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between groups. After 1 year of intervention, 11 miRNAs significantly changed in LFD group, while 8 and 21 were modulated in response to the MedDiet enriched with EVOO or nuts, respectively. Bioinformatic analyses of differentially expressed miRNAs and their validated target genes suggest certain metabolic pathways are modulated by LFD (PI3K-Akt and AMPK), MedDiet + EVOO (PI3K-Akt, NF-kappa B, HIF-1, and insulin resistance), and MedDiet-Nuts (FoxO, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, p53 and HIF-1) interventions. CONCLUSION Results show that 1-year MedDiet + Nuts and MedDiet + EVOO dietary interventions modulate exosomal RNA content, with the former affecting a higher number of miRNAs. The modulation of exosomal RNAs could help explain how the adherence to a Mediterranean diet may lead to beneficial effects and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martín-Hernández
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Canto Blanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Mónica Bulló
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Vascular aging and its relationship with lifestyles and other risk factors in the general Spanish population: Early Vascular Ageing Study. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1110-1122. [PMID: 32371801 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence of healthy vascular aging (HVA), normal vascular aging and early vascular aging (EVA) in a sample of Spanish population without cardiovascular disease. The relationship of vascular aging with lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors, psychological and inflammatory risk factors is also analyzed. METHODS A total of 501 participants were recruited (49.70% men, aged 55.90 ± 14.24 years) by random sampling. Vascular aging was defined in three steps: Step 1: participants with vascular damage in carotid arteries or peripheral artery disease were classified as EVA. Step 2: with the percentiles of carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) we used three criteria, first, the 10th and 90th cfPWV percentiles of the population studied by age and sex; second, the 10th and 90th percentiles of the European population reference values and third, the 25th and 75th cfPWV percentiles of the population studied by age and sex. Step 3: participants with hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus included in HVA were reclassified as normal vascular aging. Arterial stiffness was assessed with cfPWV using a Sphygmocor device. Physical activity was measured with an accelerometer. Psychological factors, lifestyle and other clinical information were obtained by standard questionnaire. RESULTS The global prevalence of HVA was 8 and 14% (men 8 and 10%, women 9 and 18%), and 22 and 18% (men 26 and 23%, women 17 and 12%) for EVA, using criteria a and b, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, vascular aging maintains positive associations with more sedentary time [odds ratio (OR) = 2.37 and 4.51], having triglycerides above 150 mg/dl (OR = 6.55 and 4.06), abdominal obesity (OR = 2.73 and 2.90), increased uric acid (OR = 4.63 and 2.98) and insulin resistance index homeostatic model assessment (OR = 4.05 and 6.78), and a negative association with less physical activity (OR = 0.29 and 0.28) using criteria a and b, respectively. CONCLUSION One in 10 has HVA and one in five EVA. The prevalence of EVA is higher in men. Study results suggest that preventive strategies aimed at increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary time and decreasing obesity and insulin resistance improve vascular aging.
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16
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Liu G, Li J, Li Y, Hu Y, Franke AA, Liang L, Hu FB, Chan AT, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Sun Q. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and risk of coronary artery disease: a prospective study among US men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:238-247. [PMID: 33829245 PMCID: PMC8277432 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has suggested that human gut microbiota metabolize certain dietary compounds and subsequently produce bioactive metabolites that may exert beneficial or harmful effects on coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. OBJECTIVES This study examined the joint association of 2 gut microbiota metabolites, enterolactone and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), that originate from intake of plant-based foods and animal products, respectively, in relation to CAD risk. METHODS A prospective nested case-control study of CAD was conducted among participants who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in the Nurses' Health Study II and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Plasma concentrations of enterolactone and TMAO, as well as choline and L-carnitine, were assayed among 608 CAD case-control pairs. RESULTS A high enterolactone and low TMAO profile was associated with better diet quality, especially higher intake of whole grains and fiber and lower intake of red meats, as well as lower concentrations of plasma triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Participants with a high enterolactone/low TMAO profile had a significantly lower risk of CAD: the multivariate-adjusted OR was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.90), compared with participants with a low enterolactone/high TMAO profile. No significant interaction between enterolactone and TMAO on CAD risk was observed. Neither TMAO nor enterolactone alone were associated with CAD risk in pooled analyses. In women, a higher enterolactone concentration was significantly associated with a 54% lower CAD risk (P trend = 0.03), although the interaction by sex was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a profile characterized by high enterolactone and low TMAO concentrations in plasma is linked to a healthful dietary pattern and significantly associated with a lower risk of CAD. Overall, these data suggest that, compared with individual markers, multiple microbiota-derived metabolites may facilitate better differentiation of CAD risk and characterization of the relations between diet, microbiota, and CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food
Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School
of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and
Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian A Franke
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Tropical
Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa,
Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and
Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Qi Sun
- Address correspondence to QS (e-mail: )
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17
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Nigdelis MP, Theodoridis X, Gkiouras K, Tranidou A, Papamitsou T, Bogdanos DP, Goulis DG. How fragile are Mediterranean diet interventions? A research-on-research study of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2021; 4:115-131. [PMID: 34308119 PMCID: PMC8258081 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a traditional regional dietary pattern and a healthy diet recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of various diseases and health conditions. Results from the higher level of primary evidence, namely randomised controlled trials (RCTs), are often used to produce dietary recommendations; however, the robustness of RCTs with MD interventions is unknown. METHODS A systematic search was conducted and all MD RCTs with dichotomous primary outcomes were extracted from PubMed. The fragility (FI) and the reverse fragility index (RFI) were calculated for the trials with significant and non-significant comparisons, respectively. RESULTS Out of 27 RCTs of parallel design, the majority failed to present a significant primary outcome, exhibiting an FI equal to 0. The median FI of the significant comparisons was 5, ranging between 1 and 39. More than half of the comparisons had an FI <5, indicating that the addition of 1-4 events to the treatment arm eliminated the statistical significance. For the comparisons with an FI=0, the RFI ranged between 1 and 29 (Median RFI: 7). When the included RCTs were stratified according to masking, the use of a composite primary endpoint, sample size, outcome category, or dietary adherence assessment method, no differences were exhibited in the FI and RFI between groups, except for the RFI among different compliance assessment methods. CONCLUSIONS In essence, the present study shows that even in the top tiers of evidence hierarchy, research on the MD may lack robustness, setting concerns for the formulation of nutrition recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Meletios P Nigdelis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Xenophon Theodoridis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Antigoni Tranidou
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
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18
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Kim JY, He F, Karin M. From Liver Fat to Cancer: Perils of the Western Diet. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1095. [PMID: 33806428 PMCID: PMC7961422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer provides the prototypical example of an obesity-related cancer. The obesity epidemic gave rise to an enormous increase in the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition that affects one third of American adults. In about 20% of these individuals, simple liver steatosis (hepatosteatosis) progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by chronic liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. In addition to liver failure, NASH greatly increases the risk of HCC. Here we discuss the metabolic processes that control the progression from NAFLD to NASH and from NASH to HCC, with a special emphasis on the role of free-non-esterified cholesterol in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
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19
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Napierkowski DB, Prado KB. Nutritional needs in the older adult, guidelines and prevention strategies to optimize health and avoid chronic disease. GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY AND AGING 2021. [DOI: 10.5327/z2447-212320212100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vodovotz Y, Barnard N, Hu FB, Jakicic J, Lianov L, Loveland D, Buysse D, Szigethy E, Finkel T, Sowa G, Verschure P, Williams K, Sanchez E, Dysinger W, Maizes V, Junker C, Phillips E, Katz D, Drant S, Jackson RJ, Trasande L, Woolf S, Salive M, South-Paul J, States SL, Roth L, Fraser G, Stout R, Parkinson MD. Prioritized Research for the Prevention, Treatment, and Reversal of Chronic Disease: Recommendations From the Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:585744. [PMID: 33415115 PMCID: PMC7783318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.585744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining life expectancy and increasing all-cause mortality in the United States have been associated with unhealthy behaviors, socioecological factors, and preventable disease. A growing body of basic science, clinical research, and population health evidence points to the benefits of healthy behaviors, environments and policies to maintain health and prevent, treat, and reverse the root causes of common chronic diseases. Similarly, innovations in research methodologies, standards of evidence, emergence of unique study cohorts, and breakthroughs in data analytics and modeling create new possibilities for producing biomedical knowledge and clinical translation. To understand these advances and inform future directions research, The Lifestyle Medicine Research Summit was convened at the University of Pittsburgh on December 4-5, 2019. The Summit's goal was to review current status and define research priorities in the six core areas of lifestyle medicine: plant-predominant nutrition, physical activity, sleep, stress, addictive behaviors, and positive psychology/social connection. Forty invited subject matter experts (1) reviewed existing knowledge and gaps relating lifestyle behaviors to common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, many cancers, inflammatory- and immune-related disorders and other conditions; and (2) discussed the potential for applying cutting-edge molecular, cellular, epigenetic and emerging science knowledge and computational methodologies, research designs, and study cohorts to accelerate clinical applications across all six domains of lifestyle medicine. Notably, federal health agencies, such as the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration have begun to adopt "whole-person health and performance" models that address these lifestyle and environmental root causes of chronic disease and associated morbidity, mortality, and cost. Recommendations strongly support leveraging emerging research methodologies, systems biology, and computational modeling in order to accelerate effective clinical and population solutions to improve health and reduce societal costs. New and alternative hierarchies of evidence are also be needed in order to assess the quality of evidence and develop evidence-based guidelines on lifestyle medicine. Children and underserved populations were identified as prioritized groups to study. The COVID-19 pandemic, which disproportionately impacts people with chronic diseases that are amenable to effective lifestyle medicine interventions, makes the Summit's findings and recommendations for future research particularly timely and relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Neal Barnard
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Jakicic
- School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Liana Lianov
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | | | - Daniel Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eva Szigethy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Toren Finkel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Paul Verschure
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Victoria Maizes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Caesar Junker
- United States Air Force, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Edward Phillips
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Katz
- True Health Initiative, Derby, CT, United States
| | - Stacey Drant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard J. Jackson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Steven Woolf
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Marcel Salive
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeannette South-Paul
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah L. States
- Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Loren Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gary Fraser
- Department of Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Ron Stout
- Ardmore Institute of Health, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Michael D. Parkinson
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health Plan/WorkPartners, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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21
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Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Scuto M, Crupi R, Mandalari G, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D. Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080660. [PMID: 32722199 PMCID: PMC7465066 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anacardium occidentale L. is a medicinal plant with powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute inflammatory events cause tissue alterations, decrease of anti-oxidative endogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, neutrophils infiltration, increase in the activities of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory release. Methods: Paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan into the right hind paw in rats, but 30 min before a group of animals were orally treated with 100 mg/kg of cashew nuts to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative response. Results: In the present work, we found that (1) cashew nuts reduced the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema limiting the formation of edema and pain; (2) cashew nuts ameliorated the diminutions of the anti-oxidative enzymes caused by carrageenan injection; (3) cashew nuts decreased myeloperoxidase malondialdehyde activity induced by carrageenan; and (4) cashew nuts acted by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines response and nitrate/nitrite formation stimulated by carrageenan injection. Conclusions: The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects exerted by cashew nuts were relevant to oxygen free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the formation of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-6765-208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (R.F.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (D.I.)
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22
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Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, Arranz S, Frost G, Tondo M, Blanco-Vaca F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082200. [PMID: 32718098 PMCID: PMC7468985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive information of the beneficial effects of virgin olive oil (VOO), especially on cardiovascular diseases. Some VOO healthy properties have been attributed to their phenolic-compounds (PCs). The aim of this review is to present updated data on the effects of olive oil (OO) PCs on the gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity, as well as on the crosstalk among them. We summarize experiments and clinical trials which assessed the specific effects of the olive oil phenolic-compounds (OOPCs) without the synergy with OO-fats. Several studies have demonstrated that OOPC consumption increases Bacteroidetes and/or reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which have both been related to atheroprotection. OOPCs also increase certain beneficial bacteria and gut-bacteria diversity which can be therapeutic for lipid-immune disorders and obesity. Furthermore, some of the mechanisms implicated in the crosstalk between OOPCs and these disorders include antimicrobial-activity, cholesterol microbial metabolism, and metabolites produced by bacteria. Specifically, OOPCs modulate short-chain fatty-acids produced by gut-microbiota, which can affect cholesterol metabolism and the immune system, and may play a role in weight gain through promoting satiety. Since data in humans are scarce, there is a necessity for more clinical trials designed to assess the specific role of the OOPCs in this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Shen P, Wang W, Xu S, Du Z, Wang W, Yu B, Zhang J. Biotransformation of Erythrodiol for New Food Supplements with Anti-Inflammatory Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5910-5916. [PMID: 32351112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Erythrodiol, a typical pentacyclic triterpenic diol in olive oil and its byproduct, olive pomace, frequently appears in food additives for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases because of its antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. To develop new derivatives of erythrodiol (1), preparative biotransformations were investigated through Streptomyces griseus ATCC 13273, Penicilium griseofulvum CICC 40293, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and ten new (1a-1j) and one known metabolites were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, relative to 1, most metabolites exhibited lower toxicity and more potent inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In particular, the glycosylated metabolite 1k showed a dramatically increased inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 2.40 μM, which is even lower than that of quercetin. Thus, biotransformation of erythrodiol is a viable strategy for discovering new triterpenes as food supplements with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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24
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Yañez AM, Bennasar-Veny M, Leiva A, García-Toro M. Implications of personality and parental education on healthy lifestyles among adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7911. [PMID: 32404935 PMCID: PMC7220907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between personality and health status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between personality traits, parental education and health-related lifestyles in a cohort of Spanish adolescents. This is a longitudinal study with a source population of 1,123 third-year students (aged 14-15) in secondary schools in Spain. At the baseline evaluation sociodemographic variables, parental education and personality (Big Five Questionnaire for Children) were collected. At 18 months of follow-up health related lifestyles, including adherence to a healthy diet (KidMed index), tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical exercise, sleep problems and recreative screen and social network time were collected. A total of 824 adolescents (73.4%) completed the 18 months assessment and 695 (84.3%) presented valid data. Higher conscientiousness was associated to a lower risk for non-adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.5-0.9), tobacco (OR = 0.5, 95% CIs=0.3-0.7) and alcohol consumption (OR = 0.6, 95% CIs=0.5-0.8), excessive use of screens (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.5-0.9) and social network sites (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.5-0.8). Higher levels of extraversion was significantly related to a lower risk of physical inactivity (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.6-0.9), but they are at a higher risk of low adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 1.3, 95% CIs=1.0-1.7), tobacco (OR = 2.7, 95% CIs=1.7-4.3) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.9, 95% CIs=1.5-2.4) and excessive use of social network sites (OR = 1.6, 95% CIs=1.3-1.9). High levels of emotional instability were associated with tobacco consumption (OR = 1.5, 95% CIs=1.0-2.2) and sleep problems (OR = 2.0, 95% CIs=1.5-2.7). Finally, we found an association with lower parental education and adolescents' low adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 1.6, 95% CIs=1.0-2.4) and sleep problems (OR = 1.8, 95% CIs=1.0-3.0). Cluster analysis of health-related behaviours indicated the presence of two different clusters (unhealthy and healthy adolescents) that were associated with personality traits. Conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional instability and parental education are independent factors associated with the acquisition of adolescent healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina M Yañez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Research Group on Global Health & Human Development, Balearic Islands University, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain. .,Research Group on Global Health & Human Development, Balearic Islands University, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Leiva
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Mauro García-Toro
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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25
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Guasch-Ferré M, Liu G, Li Y, Sampson L, Manson JE, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Sun Q, Hu FB. Olive Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1729-1739. [PMID: 32147453 PMCID: PMC7233327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil intake has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Mediterranean populations, but little is known about these associations in the U.S population. OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine whether olive oil intake is associated with total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke risk. METHODS This study included 61,181 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1990 to 2014) and 31,797 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1990 to 2014) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires at baseline and then every 4 years. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During 24 years of follow-up, this study documented 9,797 incident cases of CVD, including 6,034 CHD cases and 3,802 stroke cases. After adjusting for major diet and lifestyle factors, compared with nonconsumers, those with higher olive oil intake (>0.5 tablespoon/day or >7 g/day) had 14% lower risk of CVD (pooled HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.94) and 18% lower risk of CHD (pooled HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73 to 0.91). No significant associations were observed for total or ischemic stroke. Replacing 5 g/day of margarine, butter, mayonnaise, or dairy fat with the equivalent amount of olive oil was associated with 5% to 7% lower risk of total CVD and CHD. No significant associations were observed when olive oil was compared with other plant oils combined. In a subset of participants, higher olive oil intake was associated with lower levels of circulating inflammatory biomarkers and a better lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS Higher olive oil intake was associated with lower risk of CHD and total CVD in 2 large prospective cohorts of U.S. men and women. The substitution of margarine, butter, mayonnaise, and dairy fat with olive oil could lead to lower risk of CHD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Farràs M, Canyelles M, Fitó M, Escolà-Gil JC. Effects of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on Lipoprotein Atherogenicity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030601. [PMID: 32110861 PMCID: PMC7146215 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherogenicity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) may be more significant than LDL cholesterol levels. Clinical trials which have led to increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have not always seen reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, genetic variants predisposing individuals to high HDL cholesterol are not associated with a lower risk of suffering a coronary event, and therefore HDL functionality is considered to be the most relevant aspect. Virgin olive oil (VOO) is thought to play a protective role against CVD. This review describes the effects of VOO and phenol-enriched VOOs on lipoprotein atherogenicity and HDL atheroprotective properties. The studies have demonstrated a decrease in LDL atherogenicity and an increase in the HDL-mediated macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL antioxidant activity, and HDL anti-inflammatory characteristics after various VOO interventions. Moreover, the expression of cholesterol efflux-related genes was enhanced after exposure to phenol-enriched VOOs in both post-prandial and sustained trials. Improvements in HDL antioxidant properties were also observed after VOO and phenol-enriched VOO interventions. Furthermore, some studies have demonstrated improved characteristics of TRL atherogenicity under postprandial conditions after VOO intake. Large-scale, long-term randomized clinical trials, and Mendelian analyses which assess the lipoprotein state and properties, are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Marina Canyelles
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Molecular Bases of Cardiovascular Risk Group Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (J.C.E.-G.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica, Biologia Molecular i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Saglimbene VM, Wong G, Teixeira-Pinto A, Ruospo M, Garcia-Larsen V, Palmer SC, Natale P, Campbell K, Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P, Gargano L, Murgo AM, Johnson DW, Tonelli M, Gelfman R, Celia E, Ecder T, Bernat AG, Del Castillo D, Timofte D, Török M, Bednarek-Skublewska A, Duława J, Stroumza P, Hansis M, Fabricius E, Felaco P, Wollheim C, Hegbrant J, Craig JC, Strippoli GFM. Dietary Patterns and Mortality in a Multinational Cohort of Adults Receiving Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 75:361-372. [PMID: 31515137 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Clinical practice guidelines for dietary intake in hemodialysis focus on individual nutrients. Little is known about associations of dietary patterns with survival. We evaluated the associations of dietary patterns with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among adults treated by hemodialysis. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 8,110 of 9,757 consecutive adults on hemodialysis (January 2014 to June 2017) treated in a multinational private dialysis network and with analyzable dietary data. EXPOSURES Data-driven dietary patterns based on the GA2LEN food frequency questionnaire. Participants received a score for each identified pattern, with higher scores indicating closer resemblance of their diet to the identified pattern. Quartiles of standardized pattern scores were used as primary exposures. OUTCOMES Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Principal components analysis with varimax rotation to identify common dietary patterns. Adjusted proportional hazards regression analyses with country as a random effect to estimate the associations between dietary pattern scores and mortality. Associations were expressed as adjusted HRs with 95% CIs, using the lowest quartile score as reference. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 2.7 years (18,666 person-years), there were 2,087 deaths (958 cardiovascular). 2 dietary patterns, "fruit and vegetable" and "Western," were identified. For the fruit and vegetable dietary pattern score, adjusted HRs, in ascending quartiles, were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.76-1.15), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.66-1.06), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.69-1.21) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.83-1.09), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71-0.99), and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.72-1.05) for all-cause mortality. For the Western dietary pattern score, the corresponding estimates were 1.10 (95% CI, 0.90-1.35), 1.11 (95% CI, 0.87-1.41), and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.80-1.49) for cardiovascular mortality and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.88-1.16), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.85-1.18), and 1.14 (95% CI, 0.93-1.41) for all-cause mortality. LIMITATIONS Self-reported food frequency questionnaire, data-driven approach. CONCLUSIONS These findings did not confirm an association between mortality among patients receiving long-term hemodialysis and the extent to which dietary patterns were either high in fruit and vegetables or consistent with a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Saglimbene
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Germaine Wong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Suetonia C Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Patrizia Natale
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Juan-Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Angelo M Murgo
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | - David W Johnson
- Division of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia; Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rubén Gelfman
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Celia
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tevfik Ecder
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Delia Timofte
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marietta Török
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Bednarek-Skublewska
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden; Medical University of Lublin, Lublin
| | - Jan Duława
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden; Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paul Stroumza
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Hansis
- Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Paolo Felaco
- Nephrology and dialysis Presidio Ospedaliero Penne, Unita' Sanitaria Locale Pescara
| | | | | | - Jonathan C Craig
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Giovanni F M Strippoli
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Diaverum Medical-Scientific Office, Diaverum, Lund, Sweden; Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Diaverum Academy, Diaverum, Bari, Italy
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28
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Song L, Guan T, Guo P, Keyserling TC, Van Houtven C, Tan X. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors, quality of life, and health behaviors of cancer survivors and their spouses: findings from MEPS. J Cancer Surviv 2019; 13:739-748. [PMID: 31440947 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few population-based studies have examined the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors, quality of life (QOL), and health behaviors of cancer survivors and their spouses. This case-control study aimed to fill this gap using the data from a set of large-scale surveys of individuals and families across the USA. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2010-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Using one-to-many (1:5) propensity score matching, we identified cancer survivors (N = 1037) and noncancer-matched controls (N = 5185), as well as survivor spouses (N = 1038) and matched controls (N = 5190). We used weighted multivariable logistic and linear regressions to examine the categorical and numerical outcomes. RESULTS Compared with noncancer controls, survivors have higher rates of stroke (p < .05), hypertension (p < .05), high cholesterol (p < .01), fair or poor health (p < .0001), and report self-reported worse physical QOL scores (PCS) (p < .0001). A higher percentage of survivors report receiving BP checks (p < .01), serum cholesterol assessments (p < .001), routine physical checkups (p < .01), blood stool tests (p < .05), colonoscopies (p < .0001), and flu vaccinations (p < .05). Survivor spouses, compared to their respective matched controls, reported higher rates of serum cholesterol testing (p < .001), routine physical checkups (p < .01), and flu vaccinations (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Compared to the general population, cancer survivors are at higher risk for CVD, report worse physical QOL, and, along with their spouses, more frequently receive certain preventive health care services. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS There is a need for intervention to more fully engage cancer survivors and spouses in lifestyle behavior change associated with decreased CVD and related risk factors and improved QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7460, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive N.C, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Ting Guan
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street #3550, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Peiran Guo
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas C Keyserling
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 321 S Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Courtney Van Houtven
- Durham Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, VA Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive N.C, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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29
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Myhrstad MCW. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051067. [PMID: 31091649 PMCID: PMC6566834 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary fat on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied in recent decades. Solid evidence indicates that replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreases blood cholesterol levels and prevents CVD and CVD mortality. Studies indicate that fat quality also may affect insulin sensitivity and hence, the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A high intake of SFAs has shown to increase the risk of T2D in prospective studies, while a high intake of PUFAs reduces the risk. Whether PUFAs from marine or vegetable sources affect glycemic regulation differently in T2D remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present review was therefore to summarize research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary PUFAs on glycemic regulation in T2D. About half of the studies investigating the effect of fish, fish oils, vegetable oils, or nuts found changes related to glycemic control in people with T2D, while the other half found no effects. Even though some of the studies used SFA as controls, the majority of the included studies compared PUFAs of different quality. Considering that both marine and vegetable oils are high in PUFAs and hence both oils may affect glycemic regulation, the lack of effect in several of the included studies may be explained by the use of an inappropriate control group. It is therefore not possible to draw a firm conclusion, and more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Gaundal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Assessment of Dietary Patterns Represents a Potential, Yet Variable, Measure of Inflammatory Status: A Review and Update. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:3102870. [PMID: 30805036 PMCID: PMC6360584 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade, systemic inflammation is a well-characterized risk factor in the development of chronic metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Diet could be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation associated with chronic disease. While anti-inflammatory properties of isolated dietary bioactive and functional foods have been routinely studied, the evaluation of dietary patterns on inflammation warrants further review-especially given the recent inclusion of dietary pattern recommendations into dietary guidelines and policies. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to examine current evidence linking diet to low-grade, systemic inflammation within the context of chronic disease. Specifically, we provide an update on the findings from human trials that have characterized anti-inflammatory properties of dietary patterns, defined by various methods and indexes. Given the complexity of interpreting results from dietary pattern analysis, we further present recent evidence on the anti-inflammatory roles of isolated bioactive nutrients and functional foods that are common components of distinct dietary patterns, in addition to considerations for interpreting dietary pattern research, population-specific dietary recommendations, and future studies. Overall, we observe a vast range of variability in the evidence from observational studies that have evaluated the relationships between healthy dietary patterns and inflammatory markers. These studies highlight the need for additional intervention studies with study designs that account for metabolic status, diversity in populations, breadth of inflammatory measurements, fasting vs. postprandial effects of diet, and control of confounding factors (e.g., genotype, microbiome profiles, and dietary adherence) in order to better understand the effect that diet has, as a whole, on inflammation. These strategies will help to strengthen diet recommendations aimed at reducing inflammation and chronic disease risk.
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