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de Cordova Kindermann S, Caon G, Boeck CR, de Oliveira Bauer C, Dos Santos da Silva N, Possamai OL, Longaretti LM, Magenis ML, Damiani AP, de Oliveira Monteiro I, de Andrade VM. Moderate India Pale Ale beer consumption promotes antigenotoxic and non-mutagenic effects in ex vivo and in vivo mice models. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38975867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discussion of the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption is ongoing. Broadly, research focusing on ethanol consumption tends to report no benefits. However, studies that distinguish between different types of alcoholic beverages, particularly beers, often reveal positive effects. The present study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of moderate chronic consumption of India Pale Ale (IPA) craft beer. Sixty-four adult male Swiss mice were used and divided into control and treatment groups receiving water, IPA beer with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter of beer, aqueous solution with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter, and hop infusion ad libitum for 30 days. After this period, the animals were genetically evaluated with a comet assay. For the ex vivo comet assay, blood was collected and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For the in vivo assay, the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) was administered to the groups after blood collection and sacrificed after 24 h. Brain, liver, and heart tissues were analyzed. Bone marrow was collected and submitted to the micronucleus test. RESULTS The groups treated with IPA beer, ethanol, and hops did not show genotoxic and mutagenic action in the blood, brain, heart, or liver. The antigenotoxic action of IPA beer and hops was observed in both in vivo and ex vivo models, showing a similar reduction in DNA damage caused by CP. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the formation of micronuclei by CP. CONCLUSION Moderate chronic consumption of IPA beer and hops infusion showed antigenotoxic effects in mice but no antimutagenic action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schellen de Cordova Kindermann
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Glauco Caon
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Boeck
- Mestrado em Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira Bauer
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Nicollas Dos Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Otavio Lucio Possamai
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Luiza Martins Longaretti
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Marina Lummertz Magenis
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Adriani Paganini Damiani
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Oliveira Monteiro
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, Brazil
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Martínez-González MÁ, Hernández Hernández A. Effect of the Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular prevention. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024; 77:574-582. [PMID: 38336153 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is the best evidence-based model for cardiovascular prevention. In addition to 2 major randomized secondary prevention trials (Lyon Heart and CORDIOPREV) and 1 primary prevention trial (PREDIMED) that have demonstrated these benefits, there is an unprecedented body of high-quality prospective epidemiological evidence supporting these beneficial effects. The key elements of this traditional pattern are the abundant use of extra-virgin olive oil and high consumption of foods of natural plant-based origin (fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes) and fish, along with a reduction in processed meats, red meats, and ultraprocessed products. Moderate consumption of wine, preferably red wine, with meals is an essential element of this traditional pattern. Although removing wine consumption from the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduction in its preventive efficacy, doubts have recently arisen about the possible adverse effect of even low or moderate intake of any alcoholic beverages. A new large Spanish trial, UNATI, which will begin in June 2024, will randomize 10 000 drinkers aged 50 to 75 years to abstention or moderate consumption. UNATI aims to answer these doubts with the best possible evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á Martínez-González
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.
| | - Aitor Hernández Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
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Shibata M, Sato KK, Koh H, Shibata I, Okamura K, Takeuchi Y, Oue K, Morimoto M, Hayashi T. The Relationship of Alcohol Consumption and Drinking Pattern to the Risk of Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Middle-aged Japanese Men: The Kansai Healthcare Study. J Epidemiol 2024; 34:137-143. [PMID: 37211396 PMCID: PMC10853046 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glomerular hyperfiltration has been reported to be associated with adverse renal outcomes in the general population. It is not known whether drinking pattern is associated with the risk of glomerular hyperfiltration in healthy individuals. METHODS We prospectively followed middle-aged 8,640 Japanese men with normal renal function, no proteinuria, no diabetes, and no use of antihypertensive medications at entry. Data on alcohol consumption were gathered by questionnaire. Glomerular hyperfiltration was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥117 mL/min/1.73 m2, which was the upper 2.5th percentile value of eGFR in the entire cohort. RESULTS During 46,186 person-years of follow-up, 330 men developed glomerular hyperfiltration. In a multivariate model, for men who consumed alcohol on 1-3 days per week, alcohol consumption of ≥69.1 g ethanol/drinking day was significantly associated with the risk of glomerular hyperfiltration (hazard ratio [HR] 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-4.74) compared with non-drinkers. For those who consumed alcohol on 4-7 days per week, higher alcohol consumption per drinking day was associated with a higher risk of glomerular hyperfiltration: the HRs for alcohol consumption of 46.1-69.0, and ≥69.1 g ethanol/drinking day were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.01-2.38), and 1.78 (95% CI, 1.02-3.12), respectively. CONCLUSION For high drinking frequency per week, more alcohol intake per drinking day was associated with an increased risk of glomerular hyperfiltration, while for low drinking frequency per week, only very high alcohol intake per drinking day was associated with an increased risk of glomerular hyperfiltration in middle-aged Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Shibata
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kogawa Sato
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Koh
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izumi Shibata
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Takeuchi
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Oue
- Health Administration Center (Kansai region), Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Morimoto
- Health Administration Center (Kansai region), Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoshige Hayashi
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Campanella A, Bonfiglio C, Cuccaro F, Donghia R, Tatoli R, Giannelli G. High Adherence to a Mediterranean Alcohol-Drinking Pattern and Mediterranean Diet Can Mitigate the Harmful Effect of Alcohol on Mortality Risk. Nutrients 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 38201889 PMCID: PMC10780794 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with deleterious effects on human health and mortality. This study aims to investigate the joint associations between the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), alcohol- consumption patterns and mortality from the following: all causes, cardiovascular, neoplastic, the digestive system, and other causes. METHODS A sample of 3411 alcohol consumers aged ≥18 years was selected from two prospective cohort studies: the MICOL and NUTRIHEP Study. Cohorts were enrolled in 2005-2006, and followed up until December 2022, capturing data on alcohol consumption, diet, and mortality. Adherence to the MedDiet was measured by the relative Mediterranean score (rMED), and alcohol consumption by the Mediterranean Alcohol-drinking Pattern index (MADP). Statistical analyses included flexible parametric survival models and subdistribution hazard ratios, to consider different causes of death. RESULTS a significant increase in digestive-system (SHR 2.77, 95% CI 1.16; 63) and cancer mortality risk (SHR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08; 4.70) was observed among individuals with low adherence to the MADP. Low adherence to the Mediterranean pattern of alcohol consumption, combined with low adherence to the MedDiet, was associated with higher overall mortality (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04, 5.04), and, in particular, with higher mortality from digestive system diseases (SHR 4.38, 95% CI 1.22, 15.8). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that deleterious effects of alcohol on mortality vary, depending on alcohol consumption patterns and dietary context. Higher adherence to the MedDiet appears to mitigate the adverse effects of moderate alcohol consumption, particularly for wine drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Campanella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Rossella Tatoli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (C.B.); (R.D.); (R.T.); (G.G.)
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Li X, Hur J, Cao Y, Song M, Smith-Warner SA, Liang L, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL. Moderate alcohol consumption, types of beverages and drinking pattern with cardiometabolic biomarkers in three cohorts of US men and women. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:1185-1196. [PMID: 37747628 PMCID: PMC10924636 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Underlying mechanisms of the inverse relationship between moderate alcohol consumption and cardiometabolic disorders are unclear. Modification by types of alcoholic beverages consumed and drinking pattern remains understudied. We aimed to provide insight into the mechanisms by examining 14 insulinemic/glycemic, inflammatory and lipid markers. We used cross-sectional data from 15,436 women in the Nurses' Health Study, 19,318 women in the Nurses' Health Study II, and 6872 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the percentage differences in biomarker concentrations according to alcohol intakes. The average alcohol intake in the combined cohort was 3.3 servings/week. We found a 1 serving/d increment in alcohol intake (14 g ethanol, 44 ml liquor or 355 ml beer or 118 ml wine per day) was associated with a 0.6% lower level of HbA1c, 1.7-3.6% lower proinflammatory markers and 4.2% higher adiponectin, as well as 7.1% higher HDL-cholesterol and 2.1% lower triglyceride with a significant linear trend. Wine, especially red wine, was associated with lower inflammation in particular. Beer had weaker favorable to null associations with blood lipids and adiponectin. Liquor was associated with higher C-peptide and interleukin-6, yet equally associated with lower HbA1c and higher HDL-cholesterol as other beverages. Drinking 3 days or more per week was related to a better biomarker profile than nonregular drinking independent of intake levels. Drinking appeared to have similar associations irrespective whether done with meals or not. Our data indicated moderate alcohol intake, especially if consumed from wine and done regularly, was associated with favorable profiles of insulinemic/glycemic and inflammatory markers and blood lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
- Food Clinical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wojtowicz JS. Long-Term Health Outcomes of Regular, Moderate Red Wine Consumption. Cureus 2023; 15:e46786. [PMID: 37954791 PMCID: PMC10634232 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies that are conducted to assess alcohol's long-term health outcomes generally report the results as a pooled analysis across all types of alcohol. Questions have been raised regarding potential health differences between types of alcohol, such as beer, wine, or spirits. While these three share the same alcohol in the form of ethanol, they differ in the other compounds they contain that are particular to each type of alcohol, specifically the polyphenols in red wine. The generalizability of pooled results may be limited due to the differences in health outcomes that may exist between different types of alcohol and lead to overall conclusions that differ from the subset analysis by type of alcohol that is often reported in the data tables of an article. The objective of this systematic review was to specifically address the assessment of the long-term health outcomes of regular, moderate, red wine consumption. PubMed was searched from 1987 through June 2023. Studies were included if they met all the following criteria: adult participants, red wine consumption and its frequency (close to daily), volume in moderation (1 glass/day for women, 2 glasses/day for men), and measurement of long-term (> 2 years) health outcomes. Nonclinical animal studies, or studies with an endpoint as a marker or biomarker, without a health outcome, of short duration (< 2 years), small size (< 25 subjects), a focus on binge drinking, no wine analysis performed, review articles, meta-analysis, or editorial/commentary were excluded. A total of 74 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of these, 27 (36%) evaluated cancer outcomes, 14 (19%) evaluated cardiovascular outcomes, 10 (14%) evaluated mortality, 7 (9%) evaluated weight gain, 5 (7%) evaluated dementia, and the remaining 11 evaluated a variety of health outcomes. There were no studies that demonstrated an association between red wine consumption and negative health outcomes. Forty-seven studies demonstrated an association between red wine consumption and positive health outcomes, whereas 26 studies were neutral, and one had mixed results where women had a positive health outcome and men were neutral. All studies on mortality and dementia showed positive health outcomes. From this systematic review of the literature, there is no evidence of an association between moderate red wine consumption and negative health outcomes. Across the various outcomes assessed, a beneficial effect of moderate red wine consumption was consistently seen for mortality and dementia, along with certain cancers (e.g., non-Hodgkin lymphoma) and cardiovascular conditions (e.g., metabolic syndrome). For other health outcomes, the association was neutral, i.e., neither harmful nor beneficial. This review is not intended to encourage red wine consumption for health outcomes but rather to avoid discouraging moderate red wine consumption based on misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the red wine data due to the reporting of pooled data across all types of alcohol.
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Di Castelnuovo A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, McElduff P, Linneberg A, Salomaa V, Männistö S, Ferrières J, Dallongeville J, Thorand B, Brenner H, Ferrario M, Veronesi G, Tamosiunas A, Grimsgaard S, Drygas W, Malyutina S, Söderberg S, Nordendahl M, Kee F, Grassi G, Dabboura S, Borchini R, Westermann D, Schrage B, Zeller T, Kuulasmaa K, Blankenberg S, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G. Drinking alcohol in moderation is associated with lower rate of all-cause mortality in individuals with higher rather than lower educational level: findings from the MORGAM project. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:869-881. [PMID: 37386255 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and alcohol-related diseases has been widely explored. Less is known, however, on whether the association of moderate drinking with all-cause mortality is modified by educational level (EL). Using harmonized data from 16 cohorts in the MORGAM Project (N = 142,066) the association of pattern of alcohol intake with hazard of all-cause mortality across EL (lower = primary-school; middle = secondary-school; higher = university/college degree) was assessed using multivariable Cox-regression and spline curves. A total of 16,695 deaths occurred in 11.8 years (median). In comparison with life-long abstainers, participants drinking 0.1-10 g/d of ethanol had 13% (HR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.74-1.02), 11% (HR = 0.89; 0.84-0.95) and 5% (HR = 0.95; 0.89-1.02) lower rate of death in higher, middle and lower EL, respectively. Conversely, drinkers > 20 g/d had 1% (HR = 1.01; 0.82-1.25), 10% (HR = 1.10; 1.02-1.19) and 17% (HR = 1.17; 1.09-1.26) higher rate of death. The association of alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality was nonlinear, with a different J-shape by EL levels. It was consistent across both sexes and in various approaches of measuring alcohol consumption, including combining quantity and frequency and it was more evident when the beverage of preference was wine. We observed that drinking in moderation (≤ 10 g/d) is associated with lower mortality rate more evidently in individuals with higher EL than in people with lower EL, while heavy drinking is associated with higher mortality rate more evidently in individuals with lower EL than in people with higher EL, suggesting that advice on reducing alcohol intake should especially target individuals of low EL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Patrick McElduff
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Allen Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Cardiology and INSERM UMR 1295, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research and Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Ferrario
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology CVD Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
- Calisia University, 62-800, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- The Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine -Branch of the "FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS", Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Nordendahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Salim Dabboura
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Westermann
- Department for Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schrage
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Saz-Lara A, Díez-Fernández A, Martínez-García I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C. Association between Wine Consumption with Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2785. [PMID: 37375690 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was: (i) to examine the association between wine consumption and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) and (ii) to analyse whether this association could be influenced by personal and study factors, including the participants' mean age, the percentage of female subjects, follow-up time and percentage of current smokers. Methods: In order to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched several databases for longitudinal studies from their inception to March 2023. This study was previously registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021293568). Results: This systematic review included 25 studies, of which the meta-analysis included 22 studies. The pooled RR for the association of wine consumption and the risk of CHD using the DerSimonian and Laird approach was 0.76 (95% CIs: 0.69, 0.84), for the risk of CVD was 0.83 (95% CIs: 0.70, 0.98), and for the risk of cardiovascular mortality was 0.73 (95% CIs: 0.59, 0.90). Conclusions: This research revealed that wine consumption has an inverse relationship to cardiovascular mortality, CVD, and CHD. Age, the proportion of women in the samples, and follow-up time did not influence this association. Interpreting these findings with prudence was necessary because increasing wine intake might be harmful to individuals who are vulnerable to alcohol because of age, medication, or their pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Ana Díez-Fernández
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-García
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 4810101, Chile
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 4810101, Chile
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción 2024, Paraguay
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9
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Du P, Zhang C, Wang A, Ma Z, Shen S, Li X. Association of Alcohol Drinking and Helicobacter pylori Infection : A Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:269-277. [PMID: 34907920 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between drinking and Helicobacter pylori infection was not clear in the literature. Owing to mixed and inconclusive results, a meta-analysis was conducted to summarize and clarify this association systematically. METHODS Based on a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, studies investigating the association between drinking and H. pylori infection were retrieved. We evaluated the strength of this relationship using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. RESULTS A total of 24 individual studies were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in alcohol drinkers than nondrinkers (OR=0.83). People who drink wine (OR=0.90) or mixed types of alcoholic beverages (OR=0.78) had a lower risk of infection compared with those who drink beer. Among people aged 40 years or older, alcohol drinkers had a lower risk of H. pylori infection than nondrinkers (OR=0.68). Among people less than 40 years of age, alcohol drinking was not associated with H. pylori infection risk. Data showed that women were at a lower risk of H. pylori infection than men (OR=0.86). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the risk of H. pylori infection among alcohol drinkers is lower than that of nondrinkers. Drinking wine and mixed types of alcohol are better at reducing H. pylori infection than drinking beer. Nonetheless, we discourage reducing H. pylori infection through drinking, which increases the risk of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqiang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Aifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Su Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
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10
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Alcohol Intake and Arterial Hypertension: Retelling of a Multifaceted Story. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040958. [PMID: 36839317 PMCID: PMC9963590 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages are common components of diets worldwide and understanding their effects on humans' health is crucial. Because hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, the relationship of alcohol consumption with blood pressure (BP) has been the subject of extensive investigation. For the purpose of this review, we searched the terms "alcohol", "ethanol", and "arterial hypertension" on Pubmed MeSH and selected the most relevant studies. Short-term studies showed a biphasic BP response after ingestion of high doses of alcohol, and sustained alcohol consumption above 30 g/day, significantly, and dose-dependently, increased the risk for hypertension. These untoward effects of alcoholic beverages on BP can be mediated by a multiplicity of neurohormonal mechanisms. In addition to the effects on BP, excess alcohol intake might contribute to cardiac and renal hypertensive organ damage, although some studies suggest possible benefits of moderate alcohol consumption on additional cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and lipoprotein(a). Some intervention studies and cumulative analyses support the evidence of a benefit of the reduction/withdrawal of alcohol consumption on BP and cardiovascular outcomes. This is why guidelines of scientific societies recommend avoidance or limitation of alcohol intake below one unit/day for women and two units/day for men. This narrative article overviews all these topics, providing an update of the current knowledge on the relationship between alcohol and BP.
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11
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Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Heefner A, Carbone S. Recognizing risk factors associated with poor outcomes among patients with COVID-19. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 76:3-11. [PMID: 36693489 PMCID: PMC9862711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected >610 million people globally, exerting major social, economic, and health impacts. Despite the large number of global casualities and severe symptomatology associated with COVID-19, a large number of individuals remain at elevated risk of infection and severe outcomes related to poor lifestyle behaviors and/or associated comorbidities. Beyond the well-known social distance and masking policies, maintaining an active lifestyle, minimizing the consumption of tobacco products, and maintaining an adequate nutrition status are some of the key factors that, in an affordable and accessible way, have the potential to improve health and minimize COVID-19 impact. In addition, bringing awareness of the higher risks and poor prognosis of COVID-19 when other conditions are present seems to be essential to protect those individuals with the highest risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
| | - Allison Heefner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
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12
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Hrelia S, Di Renzo L, Bavaresco L, Bernardi E, Malaguti M, Giacosa A. Moderate Wine Consumption and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 15:175. [PMID: 36615832 PMCID: PMC9824172 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is clearly established that the abuse of alcohol is seriously harmful to health, much epidemiological and clinical evidence seem to underline the protective role of moderate quantities of alcohol and in particular of wine on health. This narrative review aims to re-evaluate the relationship between the type and dose of alcoholic drink and reduced or increased risk of various diseases, in the light of the most current scientific evidence. In particular, in vitro studies on the modulation of biochemical pathways and gene expression of wine bioactive components were evaluated. Twenty-four studies were selected after PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar searches for the evaluation of moderate alcohol/wine consumption and health effects: eight studies concerned cardiovascular diseases, three concerned type 2 diabetes, four concerned neurodegenerative diseases, five concerned cancer and four were related to longevity. A brief discussion on viticultural and enological practices potentially affecting the content of bioactive components in wine is included. The analysis clearly indicates that wine differs from other alcoholic beverages and its moderate consumption not only does not increase the risk of chronic degenerative diseases but is also associated with health benefits particularly when included in a Mediterranean diet model. Obviously, every effort must be made to promote behavioral education to prevent abuse, especially among young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Bavaresco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production—Viticulture and Pomology Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bernardi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Policlinico di Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
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13
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Henrique de Moraes Cellia P, Lima EG, Agrizzi de Angeli LR, Martins EB, Rached FH, Pitta FG, Cassaro Strunz CM, Serrano CV. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk biomarkers after moderate consumption of red wine and cachaça in a randomized crossover trial: The Wine and Cachaça Study (WICAS). Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:113-118. [PMID: 36513442 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Moderate daily consumption of alcohol (MDCA) is associated with cardiovascular risk (CVR) reduction in observational studies. Some researches have suggested that this benefit may be associated not only with red wine consumption but also with other beverages. However, there are no clinical trials evaluating the possible CVR benefit of Brazilian spirit (cachaça) in humans. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, crossover study including healthy individuals initially assigned to a MDCA of cachaça or red wine for a period of 4 weeks. After a one-week abstinence period, the type of drink was changed for another 4 weeks of intervention. The MDCA for both beverages was determined as a dose equivalent to 28 g of ethanol per day for men and 14 g for women. CVR biomarkers analyses were performed before and after each intervention to assess the serologic status of C-reactive protein, lipid profile, platelet aggregation and glycemic profile. This study is registered on the ISRCTN platform under number 15978506. RESULTS Of the 42 subjects initially randomized, 2 refused to continue in the study. The median age was 44.3 ± 10.3 years and 19 were male (47.5%). Adherence to the protocol was considered ideal with 100% regular use in both interventions and only 3 individuals in each intervention group reported alcohol abuse. There was no significant variation in anthropometric measurements during the study, except for weight gain (0.7 kg) in the red wine group (p = 0.005). The median of the delta of platelet aggregation for MDCA of cachaça was 1.2% (-1.1 to 5.3) and the median of the delta to the MDCA of wine was -1.6% (-4.5 to 2) (p = 0.02). The other biomarkers didn't show any statistically significant variation. CONCLUSION Moderate consumption of wine and cachaça was related to variation in laboratory biomarkers of CVR related to atherosclerosis. There was significant weight gain during the period of wine consumption and there was observed a difference between platelet aggregation values after both interventions.
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Ofoedu CE, Ofoedu EO, Chacha JS, Owuamanam CI, Efekalam IS, Awuchi CG. Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Red Wine as Markers of Its Quality and Authenticity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:8368992. [PMID: 36299559 PMCID: PMC9592215 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8368992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of red wine by most wine drinkers has increased significantly because of the perceived health benefits which are linked to its inherent quality characteristics. In the quest to determine the conformity of Nigeria's domestic red wine quality with their international counterparts, the quality characteristics of domestic red wines produced in Nigeria were evaluated using foreign red wines as markers of wine quality and authenticity. Foreign and domestic red wines obtained in Nigeria were analyzed for physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties using standard methods. Results showed that the domestic wines had significantly (p < 0.05) higher pH (4.03-4.16) and total sugar content (8.60-9.27%) while the foreign wines had significantly (p < 0.05) higher total titratable acidity (0.76-0.83%), Brix (6.98-8.04 g/100 g), alcohol (14.44-15.21% ABV), and polyphenol content (385.13-412.75 mg/L). Additionally, the domestic wines exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower antioxidant capacity compared to the foreign wines. Although the wines' hue angle (27.68°-41.46°) indicated a red colour spectrum in the visible region of the opponent colour chart, the total colour difference (ΔE) between foreign and domestic wines was significant. The sensory characteristics of the wines differed significantly as the panelist rating for overall acceptance ranged from 5.58 to 7.33. This research has provided valuable insight that the domestic wines studied showed a considerable level of authenticity and different levels of quality according to their varying concentration of organic acids, residual sugars, and phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie E. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - James S. Chacha
- Department of Food Science and Agroprocessing, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3006, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Clifford I. Owuamanam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa S. Efekalam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
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15
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Krittanawong C, Isath A, Rosenson RS, Khawaja M, Wang Z, Fogg SE, Virani SS, Qi L, Cao Y, Long MT, Tangney CC, Lavie CJ. Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health. Am J Med 2022; 135:1213-1230.e3. [PMID: 35580715 PMCID: PMC9529807 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies evaluating alcohol consumption and cardiovascular diseases have shown inconsistent results. METHODS We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from an extensive query of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to March 2022 for all studies that reported the association between alcohol consumption in terms of quantity (daily or weekly amounts) and type of beverage (wine, beer or spirit) and cardiovascular disease events. RESULTS The study population included a total of 1,579,435 individuals based on 56 cohorts from several countries. We found that moderate wine consumption defined as 1-4 drinks per week was associated with a reduction in risk for cardiovascular mortality when compared with beer or spirits. However, higher risk for cardiovascular disease mortality was typically seen with heavier daily or weekly alcohol consumption across all types of beverages. CONCLUSIONS It is possible that the observational studies may overestimate the benefits of alcohol for cardiovascular disease outcomes. Although moderate wine consumption is probably associated with low cardiovascular disease events, there are many confounding factors, in particular, lifestyle, genetic, and socioeconomic associations with wine drinking, which likely explain much of the association with wine and reduced cardiovascular disease events. Further prospective study of alcohol and all-cause mortality, including cancer, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ameesh Isath
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Cardiometabolic Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Rochester, Minn
| | - Muzamil Khawaja
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Wang
- Cardiometabolic Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Rochester, Minn; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery; Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Sonya E Fogg
- Library and Learning Resource Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Salim S Virani
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Michelle T Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass
| | - Christy C Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
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16
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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Soluble Klotho Level: The Value of Food Synergy in Aging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193910. [PMID: 36235560 PMCID: PMC9573612 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets for healthy aging have long been an intriguing issue. The current study makes a head-to-head comparison of four dietary patterns and their associations with soluble Klotho (s-Klotho) levels, an aging-related marker. The dietary data of 7906 subjects were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007−2016. Each participant was given a score or was grouped according to four dietary patterns, namely the Mediterranean adherence diet score (MDS), the low-carbohydrate-diet score, a low-fat diet, and a low-carbohydrate diet. Subsequently, the associations with s-Klotho were examined using linear regression analyses. In addition, we calculated the odds ratio (OR) for aging in different dietary patterns, taking the lowest quartile of s-Klotho as a reference for aging. The MDS was the only dietary pattern that revealed a relationship with s-Klotho levels. The positive association (β coefficient: 9.41, p < 0.001) remained significant when dividing the MDS into tertiles (Tertile 2: β coefficient: 36.87, p < 0.001; Tertile 3: β coefficient: 45.92, p < 0.001) and grouping participants into subsets by sex, age, and BMI. A lower OR for aging was observed in higher MDS groups (Tertile 2: OR = 0.86, p = 0.026; Tertile 3: OR = 0.77, p < 0.001). However, when analyzed separately, merely three out of nine components of the MDS, namely alcohol consumption (β coefficient: 42.54, p < 0.001), fruit (β coefficient: 11.59, p = 0.029), and dairy products (β coefficient: 8.55, p = 0.032), showed a significant association with s-Klotho. The Mediterranean diet adopts a food-based approach, which has the merit of valuing the complex interactions between foods and their constituents, and further brings benefits to healthy aging.
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17
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Shin J, Paik HY, Joung H, Shin S. Smoking and alcohol consumption influence the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Korean adults with elevated blood pressure. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2187-2194. [PMID: 35872101 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension are the main causes of global death. We aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on CVD risk among Koreans with elevated blood pressure (BP). METHODS AND RESULTS Adults aged 20-65 years with elevated BP and without pre-existing CVDs were selected from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort version 2.0. We followed up 59,391 men and 35,253 women between 2009 and 2015. The association of CVD incidence with smoking pack-years and alcohol consumption was investigated using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Among women, smokers (10.1-20.0 pack-years) and alcohol drinkers (≥30.0 g/day) had higher CVD risks (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.15, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.06-1.25, HR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.12, respectively) compared to each referent group. However, men who smoked exhibited an increased CVD risk only with pack-years >20.0 (HR = 1.09, 1.03-1.14 and HR = 1.18, 1.11-1.26 for smokers with 20.1-30.0 and ≥ 30.1 pack-years, respectively) compared to nonsmokers. In the combined groups of those smoking and consuming alcohol, only nonsmoking men consuming alcohol 1.0-29.9 g/day had a lower CVD risk than did nonsmoking, nondrinking men (HR = 0.90, 0.83-0.97). Women smoking 1.0-10.0 pack-years and consuming alcohol ≥30.0 g/day had a higher CVD risk (HR = 1.25, 1.11-1.41) than nonsmoking and nondrinking women. CONCLUSION Smoking and alcohol consumption, independently and jointly, were associated with CVD risk in men and women. Women had a greater CVD risk than did men among Korean adults with elevated BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiae Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Paik
- Korea Center for Gendered Innovations for Science and Technology Research (GISTeR), 22 Teheran-ro 7-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06130, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Sex Differences in the Relationship between Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Community-Based Study in Taiwan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142957. [PMID: 35889913 PMCID: PMC9317740 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption, as part of an unhealthy lifestyle, can contribute to metabolic abnormalities. This study investigated the sex differences in the relationship between excessive drinking and the risk of metabolic abnormalities. This community-based study included 3387 participants (age range: 30–103 years, mean age ± SD: 57 ± 13.5 years, 38.2% males) from the northeastern region of Taiwan. All participants completed a demographic survey and were subjected to blood tests. The risks of excessive drinking were evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The results showed that males were at higher risks of obesity, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, but at a lower risk of abdominal obesity than females. Males with hazardous drinking were at greater risks of hypertension, hyperglycemia, low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia compared to those with no drinking. Females with hazardous drinking were at a greater risk of hypertension than those with no drinking. There was no interaction effect of sex and excessive drinking on the risks of metabolic abnormalities after controlling for demographics and lifestyle-related habits. Future studies are warranted to explore the sex-specific risk factors for metabolic abnormalities and to elucidate the mechanism underlying this association between alcohol consumption and metabolic abnormalities.
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19
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Cho IY, Yoo JE, Han K, Kim D, Jeong SM, Hwang S, Lee H, Jeon KH, Shin DW. Frequent drinking is more predictive of ischemic stroke than binge drinking, but not of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Barbería-Latasa M, Gea A, Martínez-González MA. Alcohol, Drinking Pattern, and Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:1954. [PMID: 35565924 PMCID: PMC9100270 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the inconsistent recommendations on alcohol consumption and its association with chronic disease, highlighting the need for an evidence-based consensus. Alcohol is an addictive substance consumed worldwide, especially in European countries. Recommendations on alcohol consumption are controversial. On one hand, many nonrandomized studies defend that moderate consumption has a beneficial cardiovascular effect or a lower risk of all-cause mortality. On the other hand, alcohol is associated with an increased risk of cancer, neurological diseases, or injuries, among others. For years, efforts have been made to answer the question regarding the safe amount of alcohol intake, but controversies remain. Observational studies advocate moderate alcohol consumption following a Mediterranean pattern (red wine with meals avoiding binge drinking) as the best option for current drinkers. However, agencies such as the IARC recommend abstention from alcohol as it is a potent carcinogen. In this context, more randomized trial with larger sample size and hard clinical endpoints should be conducted to clarify the available evidence and provide clinicians with support for their clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Barbería-Latasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.A.M.-G.)
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.A.M.-G.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.B.-L.); (M.A.M.-G.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Liu YT, Lee JH, Tsai MK, Wei JCC, Wen CP. The effects of modest drinking on life expectancy and mortality risks: a population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7476. [PMID: 35523974 PMCID: PMC9076667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modest drinking has been repeatedly discussed in scientific papers as protective against certain diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, but in most cases, alcohol worsens health conditions, especially when consumed at high risk levels. The complexity of the risk relationship between alcohol and health conditions has confused clinicians as to whether it should be recommended. The study aims to balance the risks and benefits of modest drinking. This retrospective cohort study of 430,016 adults recruited from a standard health-screening program since 1994, with 11,031 deaths identified as of 2008. Drinking distinguished “modest drinker” (no more than one drink a day) from “regular drinker”. Mortality risks including all-cause mortality and diseases-specific mortality with hazard ratio (HR) were calculated by adjusting for 15 confounders. Life table was used for life expectancy. Risk predictors were subjected to Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify significant predictors in multivariate models and life expectancy analysis. Nearly one out of 4 males (23%) was a modest drinker, who gained 0.94 year (95% CI 0.65–1.23 year) in life over non-drinker and had 8% reduction in adjusted all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.97). In contrast, regular drinkers had 43% increase in overall mortality (HR 1.43, CI 1.35–1.52) and shortened life by 6.9 years (95% CI 6.6–7.1 years). As most drinkers also smoked, 59% in modest and 75% in regular, the combined effect shortened life by 2.0 years (95% CI 1.6–2.4 years) in modest drinker and 10.3 years (95% CI 9.8–10.7 years) in regular drinker. Cancer were increased in modest drinkers for oral (HR 2.35, CI 1.38–4.01) and esophageal (HR 3.83, CI 1.90–7.73) cancer. The gain of one year by modest drinkers was erased by a two to fourfold increase in oral and esophageal cancer and that drinking beyond modest amount led to a large loss of life expectancy. Given that drinkers are prone to cross the line of drinking, clinicians should balance the risks and benefits of drinking, as well as the understanding of whether the patient is at risk for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tze Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - June Han Lee
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min Kuang Tsai
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chi-Pang Wen
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC. .,China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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An N, Chuo J. Walking and Activeness: The First Step toward the Prevention of Strokes and Mental Illness. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:3440437. [PMID: 35321459 PMCID: PMC8938141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3440437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity, especially routine walking, is an imperative factor for the prevention of strokes, mental illness, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The NIH (National Institute of Health) has also acknowledged walking as the most important factor of the stroke rehabilitation program. Many research studies are presented by physicians and researchers in the literature that highlight the positive impacts of walking on human health (physical and mental). This paper has the objective of studying the impact of regular walking, especially on mental illness, CVDs, and strokes. The C-reactive protein (CRP), P-selectin protein, and homocysteine biomarkers are considered to decide the improvement in the health of an individual with respect to CVDs and strokes. The other parameters considered for the recommendations of physicians and healthcare experts for mental health are PSS (perceived stress score) and ESS (Epworth sleepiness score) that control mental illness. The values are measured for the participating subjects before participating in the walking activity and after the end of the walking schedule to see the impact on individuals. The overall mental and physical health of an individual contributes to the chances of occurrence of CVDs, mental illness, and strokes in individuals aged between 40 years and 55 years, as per the study presented in this paper. The results show that the PSS and ESS scores are improved after the walking activity. Eventually, it improved recovery from many kinds of mental illness and also reduced the chances of strokes. Similarly, the levels of the biomarkers that determine the chances of an individual having CVD or stroke also improved. Walking can impact our overall health in many ways, however, in this paper, the focus is given to ailments, such as strokes, CVDs, and mental illness. The results show that stress and improper sleepiness can impact mental health negatively. The research outcome is measured by adding walking in a routine life so that every individual can get rid of many physical and mental ailments. The results presented in the paper reveal that the 90-day walking program has created a good impact on the health of individuals by improving their physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning An
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jing Chuo
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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23
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Schutte R, Smith L, Wannamethee G. Alcohol - The myth of cardiovascular protection. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:348-355. [PMID: 34999329 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To investigate potential biases that exist in available epidemiological evidence resulting in negative associations or underestimation of cardiovascular (CV) risk associated with alcohol consumption. METHODS UK Biobank involved baseline data collection from 22 assessment centres across the United Kingdom. The cohort consisted of 333 259 alcohol consumers and 21 710 never drinkers. Participants were followed up for a median 6.9 years capturing incident fatal and non-fatal CV events, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Alcohol intake was reported as grams/week. RESULTS Using never drinkers as reference, alcohol from all drink types combined (hazard ratios ranging between 0.61 and 0.74), beer/cider (0.70-0.80) and spirits combined, and all wines combined (0.66-0.77) associated with a reduced risk for all outcome measures (all CV events, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease). In continuous analysis, alcohol captured from all drink types combined (hazard ratio, 1.08, 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.14), and beer/cider and spirits combined (1.24, 1.17-1.31) associated with an increased risk for overall CV events, however hazard ratios were stronger for beer/cider and spirits (P < 0.0001). Wine associated with a reduced risk for overall CV events (0.92, 0.86-0.98) and ischemic heart disease (0.75, 0.67-0.84). This negative relationship with overall CV events was lost after excluding ischemic heart disease events (1.00, 0.93-1.08), while the positive association of alcohol captured from beer/cider and spirits remained significant (1.30, 1.22-1.40). This positive association with overall CV events was present even when consuming less than 14 units per week. CONCLUSIONS Avoiding potential biases prevents underestimation of cardiovascular risk and indicates that consuming up to 14 units per week also associated with increased CV risk in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph Schutte
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goya Wannamethee
- UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
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24
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Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bonaccio M, McElduff P, Linneberg A, Salomaa V, Männistö S, Moitry M, Ferrières J, Dallongeville J, Thorand B, Brenner H, Ferrario M, Veronesi G, Pettenuzzo E, Tamosiunas A, Njølstad I, Drygas W, Nikitin Y, Söderberg S, Kee F, Grassi G, Westermann D, Schrage B, Dabboura S, Zeller T, Kuulasmaa K, Blankenberg S, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Alcohol intake and total mortality in 142 960 individuals from the MORGAM Project: a population-based study. Addiction 2022; 117:312-325. [PMID: 34105209 DOI: 10.1111/add.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the association of alcohol consumption with total and cause-specific mortality risk. DESIGN Prospective observational multi-centre population-based study. SETTING Sixteen cohorts (15 from Europe) in the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project. PARTICIPANTS A total of 142 960 individuals (mean age 50 ± 13 years, 53.9% men). MEASUREMENTS Average alcohol intake by food frequency questionnaire, total and cause-specific mortality. FINDINGS In comparison with life-time abstainers, consumption of alcohol less than 10 g/day was associated with an average 11% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7-14%] reduction in the risk of total mortality, while intake > 20 g/day was associated with a 13% (95% CI = 7-20%) increase in the risk of total mortality. Comparable findings were observed for cardiovascular (CV) deaths. With regard to cancer, drinking up to 10 g/day was not associated with either mortality risk reduction or increase, while alcohol intake > 20 g/day was associated with a 22% (95% CI = 10-35%) increased risk of mortality. The association of alcohol with fatal outcomes was similar in men and women, differed somewhat between countries and was more apparent in individuals preferring wine, suggesting that benefits may not be due to ethanol but other ingredients. Mediation analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol explained 2.9 and 18.7% of the association between low alcohol intake and total as well as CV mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with life-time abstainers, consuming less than one drink per day (nadir at 5 g/day) was associated with a reduced risk of total, cardiovascular and other causes mortality, except cancer. Intake of more than two drinks per day was associated with an increased risk of total, cardiovascular and especially cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Patrick McElduff
- University of Newcastle & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Moitry
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Strasbourg and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Cardiology and INSERM UMR 1295, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research and Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Ferrario
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pettenuzzo
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of community Medicine, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology CVD Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yuri Nikitin
- The Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for cardiovascular research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schrage
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for cardiovascular research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Salim Dabboura
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for cardiovascular research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for cardiovascular research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Clinic of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany, and German Center for cardiovascular research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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25
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Dai XJ, Tan L, Ren L, Shao Y, Tao W, Wang Y. COVID-19 Risk Appears to Vary Across Different Alcoholic Beverages. Front Nutr 2022; 8:772700. [PMID: 35047542 PMCID: PMC8761797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.772700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the associations of status, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption across different alcoholic beverages with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and associated mortality. Methods: This study included 473,957 subjects, 16,559 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption with COVID-19 risk and associated mortality. The non-linearity association between the amount of alcohol consumption and COVID-19 risk was evaluated by a generalized additive model. Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol double above the guidelines had a higher risk of COVID-19 (1.12 [1.00, 1.25]). Consumption of red wine above or double above the guidelines played protective effects against the COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider increased the COVID-19 risk, regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake. Low-frequency of consumption of fortified wine (1-2 glasses/week) within guidelines had a protective effect against the COVID-19. High frequency of consumption of spirits (≥5 glasses/week) within guidelines increased the COVID-19 risk, whereas the high frequency of consumption of white wine and champagne above the guidelines decreased the COVID-19 risk. The generalized additive model showed an increased risk of COVID-19 with a greater number of alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinker status, frequency, amount, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages were not associated with COVID-19 associated mortality. Conclusions: The COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverage subtypes, frequency, and amount. Red wine, white wine, and champagne have chances to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider and spirits and heavy drinking are not recommended during the epidemics. Public health guidance should focus on reducing the risk of COVID-19 by advocating healthy lifestyle habits and preferential policies among consumers of beer and cider and spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-jian Dai
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Ren
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Shao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqun Tao
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Centre, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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26
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Hoek AG, van Oort S, Mukamal KJ, Beulens JWJ. Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Placing New Data in Context. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:51-59. [PMID: 35129737 PMCID: PMC8924109 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-00992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A clear link between excessive alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been established, but no consensus exists on the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on CVD. RECENT FINDINGS A lower risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction among moderate drinkers compared to abstainers has been consistently observed in epidemiological studies and meta-analyses of these studies. However, ambiguity remains on the effect of alcohol on other CVDs and all-cause mortality. Short-term randomized controlled trials (RCT) have identified potentially beneficial effects of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular risk factors, but studies investigating genetic polymorphisms that influence alcohol consumption (i.e., Mendelian randomization) have yielded inconclusive results. To date, a long-term RCT providing causal evidence is lacking but urgently needed. Triangulation of evidence from different study designs, including long-term RCTs, pragmatic trials and the evaluation of policy measures, combined will lead to the best available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Hoek
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van Oort
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joline W. J. Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Liu BX, Yang J, Zeng C, Dai XJ, Chen Y. Risk of inflammatory bowel disease appears to vary across different frequency, amount, and subtype of alcoholic beverages. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918754. [PMID: 35967782 PMCID: PMC9363781 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and alcohol use has become a significant and growing public health concern. Alcohol use has been reported to be the most-avoided diet item among IBD patients. However, knowledge regarding the impact of different classes of alcoholic beverages on the management of IBD is limited. Our study aims to evaluate the association of different frequencies, amounts, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages with IBD risk. Methods The UK Biobank comprised 7,095 subjects with IBD and 4,95,410 subjects without IBD. Multivariate Logistic regression, stratifying analysis, and interaction terms were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of IBD. A generalized additive model was used to evaluate the linearity associations of the total amount of all alcoholic beverages or that of each of five alcoholic beverages with IBD risk. Results Compared with non-drinkers, the IBD risk was 12 to 16% lower in red wine consumers (1-2 glasses/week, OR [95%CI], 0.88 [0.80, 0.97]; 3-4 glasses/week, 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]; ≥5 glasses/week, 0.86 [0.78, 0.95]), whereas 12% higher in white wine and champagne consumers (1-2 glasses/week, 1.12 [1.03, 1.22]). Stratifying analysis showed low-frequency red wine consumers were associated with a lower IBD risk (0.85 [0.74, 0.97]), whereas spirits consumers were associated with a higher risk (1.28 [1.03, 1.59]). High doge of red wine consumers were associated with a lower IBD risk (above guidelines, 0.80 [0.67, 0.97]; double above, 0.83 [0.71, 0.97]), whereas high doge white wine and champagne (1.32 [1.09, 1.61]) and beer and cider (1.26 [1.02, 1.54]) consumers were associated with a higher IBD risk. White wine and champagne showed a significant interaction effect with high doge alcohol consumption (1.27 [1.03-1.58], p = 0.029). The dose-response association showed an increased IBD risk with more number of alcohol consumption of white wine and champagne, beer and cider, or the total amount of all alcoholic beverages. However, red wine is at low risk across the whole dose cycle. Conclusions The IBD risk appears to vary across different frequencies, amounts, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages. Overall, alcohol intake is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi-Jian Dai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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28
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Hung HY, Chien WC, Chung CH, Kao LT, Chow LH, Chen YH, Kotlińska JH, Silberring J, Huang EYK. Patients with alcohol use disorder increase pain and analgesics use: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109102. [PMID: 34634646 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol has dual effects on many systems, including the pain system. We will test whether and how chronic alcohol consumption enhances pain sensation to develop pain disorder. METHODS We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, in patients with and without alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study enrolled 19,174 individuals with AUD as study cohort and 19,174 propensity score-matched individuals without AUD as comparison cohort. The outcome was the incidence of pain disorders and the need for analgesics. The hazard ratios of pain disorders and the need for analgesics were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis after adjusting for age, sex, index year, comorbidities, urbanization, areas of residence, and insurance premium. RESULTS The 14 years of follow-up showed that AUD patients had a higher adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for developing pain disorders than in non-AUD controls [aHR= 1.290, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.045-1.591]. Besides, AUD patients had a higher risk of analgesic use (aHR = 1.081, 95% CI: 1.064-1.312), including opioids and non-opioid analgesics. Most importantly, AUD patients required more days of analgesic use, increased dose of analgesics, and higher costs of analgesics. Moreover, AUD patients had more anemia (aHR=2.772, 95% CI: 2.581-2.872), which could be a mediating factor. CONCLUSIONS AUD patients had higher risks of developing pain disorders and subsequently increased analgesic demand. These results suggest that AUD worsened pain, and pain syndrome is correlated with the duration of chronic alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Lok-Hi Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Jolanta H Kotlińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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29
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Kikuchi A, Monma T, Ozawa S, Tsuchida M, Tsuda M, Takeda F. Risk factors for multiple metabolic syndrome components in obese and non-obese Japanese individuals. Prev Med 2021; 153:106855. [PMID: 34687728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that even non-obese individuals have multiple metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and lipid abnormalities have a higher cardiovascular disease mortality rate and incidence. However, the risk factors for multiple MetS components in non-obese individuals have not been sufficiently clarified. This study compared risk factors, including overall lifestyle habits, for multiple MetS components possession between obese and non-obese individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from specific health checkups of 47,172 individuals (age, 40-64 years) who belonged to the health insurance societies of five manufacturing companies in Japan in 2015. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted in the non-obese and obese groups with multiple MetS components as the objective variable, and attributes, body weight change, and 11 lifestyle habits (smoking, exercise, diet, drinking, and sleep) as explanatory variables. For both groups, men, older age, current smoking, weight gain of ≥10 kg since age of 20, slow walking speed, fast eating speed, and greater amounts of alcohol consumption were risk factors for having multiple MetS components. The odds ratio of each risk factor, with the exception of walking speed and eating speed, tended to be higher in non-obese individuals than in obese individuals. The only risk factor specific to obese individuals was lack of regular exercise. These results suggest that almost all risk factors for possession of multiple MetS components were common to both obese and non-obese individuals, and the risk level of each risk factor tended to be higher in non-obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takafumi Monma
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ozawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Momoko Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Michiko Tsuda
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjyaku, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8612, Japan
| | - Fumi Takeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
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Kogiso T, Sagawa T, Kodama K, Taniai M, Hashimoto E, Tokushige K. Outcomes of Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease according to genetic background and lifestyle-related diseases. Ann Hepatol 2021; 21:100260. [PMID: 32987175 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Genetic background may be involved in the mechanisms of liver injury and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its contributions to the long-term outcome of NAFLD have been unclear. METHODS We enrolled 314 Japanese patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD from 2000 to 2018 (161 men [51.3%]; median age, 53 [14-84] years; 114 with advanced fibrosis [37.5%]) in the patients without hepatocellular carcinoma at diagnosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. Associations of mortality with patatin-like phospholipase 3 (PNPLA3) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were analyzed. Finally, a subgroup analysis according to lifestyle-related disease was performed. RESULTS During the median 7 years of follow-up, 20 patients (6.4%) died (13 liver-related [4.1%] and 7 non-liver-related deaths [2.2%]). Patients with ALDH2 (non-GG genotype) who had reduced alcohol metabolism tended to have a poor prognosis (p = 0.06). Patients carrying both risk SNPs of PNPLA3 (GG) and ALDH2 (non-GG) had a significantly poor prognosis (p = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, patients with PNPLA3 (GG) who were non-diabetics (p = 0.06) or non-dyslipidemic (p = 0.03), with ALDH2 (non-GG) who were non-dyslipidemic (p = 0.01) or hypertensive (p = 0.03), also had a poor prognosis. The Cox analysis revealed that ALDH2 (non-GG) was associated with a poor prognosis (Hazard ratio: 4.568, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.294-16.131, p = 0.02) similar to the liver function tests. CONCLUSIONS Genetic background may affect NAFLD prognosis and ALDH2 SNP could predict the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kogiso
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Takaomi Sagawa
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kodama
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Makiko Taniai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Hashimoto
- Seibu Railway Health Support Center, 1-11-2 Seibu Second Building 7th Floor, Kusunoki-dai, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, 359-0037, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tokushige
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Caon G, Morrone M, Feistauer L, Sganzerla D, Moreira JC. Moderate beer consumption promotes silymarin-like redox status without affecting the liver integrity in vivo. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Santos-Buelga C, González-Manzano S, González-Paramás AM. Wine, Polyphenols, and Mediterranean Diets. What Else Is There to Say? Molecules 2021; 26:5537. [PMID: 34577008 PMCID: PMC8468969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable amount of literature has been published claiming the cardiovascular benefits of moderate (red) wine drinking, which has been considered a distinguishing trait of the Mediterranean diet. Indeed, red wine contains relevant amounts of polyphenols, for which evidence of their biological activity and positive health effects are abundant; however, it is also well-known that alcohol, even at a low level of intake, may have severe consequences for health. Among others, it is directly related to a number of non-communicable diseases, like liver cirrhosis or diverse types of cancer. The IARC classifies alcohol as a Group 1 carcinogen, causally associated with the development of cancers of the upper digestive tract and liver, and, with sufficient evidence, can be positively associated with colorectum and female breast cancer. In these circumstances, it is tricky, if not irresponsible, to spread any message on the benefits of moderate wine drinking, about which no actual consensus exists. It should be further considered that other hallmarks of the Mediterranean diet are the richness in virgin olive oil, fruits, grains, and vegetables, which are also good sources of polyphenols and other phytochemicals, and lack the risks of wine. All of these aspects are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.G.-M.); (A.M.G.-P.)
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Niezen S, Trivedi HD, Mukamal KJ, Jiang ZG. Associations between alcohol consumption and hepatic steatosis in the USA. Liver Int 2021; 41:2020-2023. [PMID: 34297882 PMCID: PMC9330542 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite being widely recognized as a common cause of fatty liver, the exact impact of alcohol consumption on hepatic steatosis in the general population is elusive. The recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) allowed us to examine this relationship among US adults. Herein, we extracted data on detailed alcohol consumption and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) by FibroScan from 4509 participants in NHANES 2017-2018. Compared to metabolic risk factors such as diabetes and obesity, the association between alcohol consumption and CAP was less significant. In multivariable analysis, only those drinking 5-7 times per week showed significant increases in CAP scores. Although both frequency and quantity of drinking were positively associated with CAP score, only frequency remained significant after adjustment for quantity and binge drinking. These epidemiological observations suggested that the impact of alcohol on hepatic steatosis was much smaller than metabolic factors and dependent upon the frequency of drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Niezen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hirsh D. Trivedi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Z. Gordon Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Unbiased, comprehensive analysis of Japanese health checkup data reveals a protective effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption on lung function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15954. [PMID: 34354190 PMCID: PMC8342527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall effect of lifestyle habits, such as alcohol consumption, on general health remains controversial and it is important to clarify how such habits affect aging-related health impairments. To discover novel impacts of lifestyle on general health, we employed a mathematical approach to perform a comprehensive, unbiased, cross-sectional analysis of data from 6036 subjects who participated in a Japanese health checkup. Notably, we found that moderate alcohol consumption was positively correlated with lung function, muscle mass, and strength. Health checkup data were collected periodically from the same subjects. These people were light to moderate drinkers who had high health awareness and were basically free of major underlying diseases. We next analyzed 5 years of data from 1765 of these subjects. We found that higher baseline alcohol consumption, as well as increased alcohol intake over 5 years attenuated time-related deterioration of forced vital capacity without affecting total lung volume. This effect was independent of smoking. Our study suggests a possible protective effect of moderate amounts of alcohol on lung function, due to increased muscle mass/strength and forced vital capacity.
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Degerud E, Høiseth G, Mørland J, Ariansen I, Graff-Iversen S, Ystrom E, Zuccolo L, Tell GS, Næss Ø. Associations of Binge Drinking With the Risks of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke: A Study of Pooled Norwegian Health Surveys. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1592-1603. [PMID: 33720294 PMCID: PMC8489425 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Norwegian health survey data (1987-2003) were analyzed to determine if binge drinking increases the risk of incident major events from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Among current drinkers reporting average alcohol intakes of 2.00-59.99 g/day (n = 44,476), frequent binge drinking (≥5 units at least once per month) was not associated with a greater risk of IHD (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 1.09) or stroke (adjusted HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.19), in comparison with participants who reported that they never or only infrequently (less than once per month) had episodes of binge drinking. Participants with an average alcohol intake of 2.00-59.99 g/day had a lower risk of IHD in comparison with participants with very low intakes (<2.00 g/day), both among frequent binge drinkers (adjusted HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.80) and among never/infrequent binge drinkers (adjusted HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.84). The findings suggest that frequent binge drinking, independent of average alcohol intake, does not increase the risk of incident IHD or stroke events. However, the findings should be interpreted in light of the limitations of the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Degerud
- Correspondence to Dr Eirik Degerud, Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway (e-mail: )
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Ma H, Li X, Zhou T, Sun D, Shai I, Heianza Y, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Qi L. Alcohol Consumption Levels as Compared With Drinking Habits in Predicting All-Cause Mortality and Cause-Specific Mortality in Current Drinkers. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1758-1769. [PMID: 34218856 PMCID: PMC8262073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the joint associations of amounts of alcohol consumed and drinking habits with the risks of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 316,627 healthy current drinkers, with baseline measurements between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010, were included in this study. We newly created a drinking habit score (DHS) according to regular drinking (frequency of alcohol intake ≥3 times/wk) and whether consuming alcohol with meals (yes). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, we documented 8652 incident cases of all-cause death, including 1702 cases of cardiovascular disease death, 4960 cases of cancer death, and 1990 cases of other-cause death. After adjustment confounders and amount of alcohol consumed, higher DHS was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer mortality, or other-cause mortality (Ptrend<.001, Ptrend=.03, Ptrend<.001, and Ptrend<.001, respectively). We observed that the amount of alcohol consumed have different relationships with the risks of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality among participants with distinct drinking habits, grouped by DHS. For example, in the joint analyses, a J-shaped association between the amount of alcohol consumed and all-cause mortality was observed in participants with unfavorable DHS (Pquadratictrend=.02) while the association appeared to be U-shaped in participants with favorable DHS (Pquadratictrend=.003), with lower risks in those consuming greater than or equal to 50 g/wk and less than 300 g/wk. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that alcohol consumption levels have different relationships with the risk of mortality among current drinkers, depending on their drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Wong JA, Conen D. Alcohol consumption, atrial fibrillation, and cardiovascular disease: finding the right balance. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1178-1179. [PMID: 33438004 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Wong
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON, L8L 2X2, Canada
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Basu A, Chien LC, Alman AC, Snell-Bergeon JK. Associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification and pericardial adiposity in a longitudinal study of adults with and without type 1 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3911-3925. [PMID: 33904996 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and pericardial adiposity (PAT) in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a six-year longitudinal analysis of data from Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study [n = 1255; T1D: n = 563; non-DM: n = 692] collected at baseline, year 3 and year 6. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, a physical examination, and fasting (12 h overnight fast) biochemical analyses. CAC and PAT were measured using electron beam computed tomography. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of dietary patterns and nutrients with CAC and PAT in models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risks. RESULTS The 'starchy veggies, meats and alcohol pattern' was associated with significantly increased risk of CAC presence in all adjusted models; an increasing trend was observed with CAC progression. Increasing intake of dietary proteins and total fats were also associated with higher risk of the presence and/or progression of CAC in adjusted models (all p < 0.05). PAT was positively associated with dietary total fats, and inversely associated with dietary intakes of saturated fats, omega-3 fats and fiber in models adjusted for age, sex, total calories, time, diabetes status, systolic blood pressure, serum lipids and physical activity. CONCLUSION Diets high in total fats and proteins, and in meats (processed and red) and alcohol may increase risks of CAC, while saturated fats, omega-3-fats and fiber may be protective against pericardial adiposity as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00005754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Amy C Alman
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Taeymans J, Luijckx E, Rogan S, Haas K, Baur H. Physical Activity, Nutritional Habits, and Sleeping Behavior in Students and Employees of a Swiss University During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Questionnaire Survey Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e26330. [PMID: 33630747 PMCID: PMC8045773 DOI: 10.2196/26330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 led to the COVID-19 pandemic starting in January 2020. The Swiss Federal Council prescribed a lockdown of nonessential businesses. Students and employees of higher education institutions had to install home offices and participate in online lectures. OBJECTIVE The aim of this survey study was to evaluate lifestyle habits, such as physical activity (PA), sitting time, nutritional habits (expressed as median modified Mediterranean Diet Score [mMDS]), alcohol consumption habits, and sleeping behavior during a 2-month period of confinement and social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey participants were students and employees of a Swiss university of applied sciences. METHODS All students and employees from Bern University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Professions (ie, nursing, nutrition and dietetics, midwifery, and physiotherapy divisions) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey during the COVID-19 confinement period. Information on the lifestyle dimensions of PA, sitting time, nutritional and alcohol consumption habits, and sleep behavior was gathered using adaptations of validated questionnaires. Frequency analyses and nonparametric statistical methods were used for data analysis. Significance was set at 5% α level of error. RESULTS Prevalence of non-health-enhancing PA was 37.1%, with participants of the division of physiotherapy showing the lowest prevalence. Prevalence of long sitting time (>8 hours/day) was 36.1%. The median mMDS was 9, where the maximal score was 15, with participants of the division of nutrition and dietetics being more adherent to a Mediterranean diet as compared to the other groups. Prevalence of nonadherence to the Swiss alcohol consumption recommendations was 8.3%. Prevalence of low sleeping quality was 44.7%, while the median sleeping duration was 8 hours, which is considered healthy for adult populations. CONCLUSIONS In the group analysis, differences in PA, sitting time, and mMDS were observed between different divisions of health professions as well as between Bachelor of Science students, Master of Science students, and employees. Therefore, public health messages regarding healthy lifestyle habits during home confinement should be more group specific. The results of this study may provide support for the implementation of group-specific health promotion interventions at universities in pandemic conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04502108; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04502108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Taeymans
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.,Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eefje Luijckx
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Slavko Rogan
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland.,Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Akademie für integrative Physiotherapie und Trainingslehre (AfiPT), Grenzach-Whylen, Germany
| | - Karin Haas
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heiner Baur
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
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Yu Z, Liu S, Guo R, Wang Y, Dai Y, Sun Z, Xing L, Sun Y, Zheng L. Putting the glass down may keep the stroke away: Results from a prospective cohort study in rural China. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1113-1120. [PMID: 33549459 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most studies assess the relationship between alcohol and stroke at some point. Little is known about the effect on stroke of drinking status changes over time. This study aimed to examine the association of median 2.4-year drinking status changes with risk of stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined 22,691 adults from rural China. Drinking status was assessed at 2004-2006 and in 2008. Participants were divided into four change patterns: consistent non-drinkers, abstainers, starters, and consistent drinkers. A Cox proportional hazards model were performed. We observed 1215 cases of stroke during a median follow-up period of 11.8 years. A faint J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and risk of stroke was found in this population. Based on the amount of alcohol consumption, only current drinkers with ≥721 g/week at baseline in both males and females had a higher risk of stroke [hazard ratio (HR): 1.342; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.070-1.683 and HR: 2.130; CI: 1.041-4.357, respectively]. Based on change patterns, Compared with consistent non-drinkers, the HR (95% CI) for consistent drinkers, abstainers and starters was 1.298 (1.070-1.576), 1.093 (0.877-1.362) and 1.263 (1.034-1.543), respectively. The same trend was observed in male. The HR (95% CI) for consistent drinkers, abstainers and starters was 1.360 (1.098-1.685), 1.139 (0.883-1.470) and 1.364 (1.092-1.703), respectively. No difference was observed in females. CONCLUSION High alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of stroke in both males and females. However, based on change patterns, consistent drinkers and starters were at higher risk of stroke only in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Rongrong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China
| | - Liying Xing
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, 110005, PR China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Library, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
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Chua SYL, Luben RN, Hayat S, Broadway DC, Khaw KT, Warwick A, Britten A, Day AC, Strouthidis N, Patel PJ, Khaw PT, Foster PJ, Khawaja AP. Alcohol Consumption and Incident Cataract Surgery in Two Large UK Cohorts. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:837-847. [PMID: 33571551 PMCID: PMC8162662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association of alcohol consumption and type of alcoholic beverage with incident cataract surgery in 2 large cohorts. Design Longitudinal, observational study. Participants We included 469 387 participants of UK Biobank with a mean age of 56 years and 23 162 participants of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk with a mean age of 59 years. Methods Self-reported alcohol consumption at baseline was ascertained by a touchscreen questionnaire in UK Biobank and a food-frequency questionnaire in EPIC-Norfolk. Cases were defined as participants undergoing cataract surgery in either eye as ascertained via data linkage to National Health Service procedure statistics. We excluded participants with cataract surgery up to 1 year after the baseline assessment visit or those with self-reported cataract at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of alcohol consumption with incident cataract surgery, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and diabetes status. Main Outcome Measures Incident cataract surgery. Results There were 19 011 (mean cohort follow-up of 95 months) and 4573 (mean cohort follow-up of 193 months) incident cases of cataract surgery in UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk, respectively. Compared with nondrinkers, drinkers were less likely to undergo cataract surgery in UK Biobank (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.93) and EPIC-Norfolk (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97) after adjusting for covariables. Among alcohol consumers, greater alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of undergoing cataract surgery in EPIC-Norfolk (P < 0.001), whereas a U-shaped association was observed in the UK Biobank. Compared with nondrinkers, subgroup analysis by type of alcohol beverage showed the strongest protective association with wine consumption; the risk of incident cataract surgery was 23% and 14% lower among those in the highest category of wine consumption in EPIC-Norfolk and UK Biobank, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest a lower risk of undergoing cataract surgery with low to moderate alcohol consumption. The association was particularly apparent with wine consumption. We cannot exclude the possibility of residual confounding, and further studies are required to determine whether this association is causal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y L Chua
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Broadway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abigail Britten
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C Day
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Strouthidis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen J Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peng T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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42
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Grønbæk M, Ellison RC, Skovenborg E. The J-shaped curve-conceptual and methodological challenges. DRUGS AND ALCOHOL TODAY 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/dat-09-2020-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the conceptual and methodological challenges of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption (AC), coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality. In associated papers in this journal, Skovenborg et al., 2021 reviews the evidence for the J-shaped curve, and Ellison et al., 2021 examines the advantages and drawbacks of Mendelian randomization studies of the J-shaped curve.
Design/methodology/approach
A number of methodological problems are common in observational research in general, and some of the methodological problems suggested for the J-shaped alcohol-CHD-associations are discussed. The extent of the methodological problems in studies of the J-shaped curve is reviewed, and the possibility that the J-shaped curve is an artifact created by reverse causality and residual confounding is discussed. Further, the issue of interaction with drinking pattern and type of alcohol is discussed.
Findings
Imprecise categorization of alcohol intake information seems to have had little effect on the J-shaped alcohol-CHD-associations, nor has it affected the ability of these studies to show increasing mortality from a range of causes with increasing AC. The problem of “sick quitters” has been resolved by large studies using lifelong abstainers or infrequent drinkers as reference group. Many studies lack information on drinking patterns with regard to regular, moderate consumption versus binge drinking. Stratified analyses by important risk factors for CHD have not significantly changed the J-shaped association observed in most epidemiologic studies.
Originality/value
Potential biases and residual confounding probably do not overcome the J-shaped alcohol-CDH-association observed in most epidemiologic studies; however, the existence of a J-shaped curve is challenged by some degree of uncertainty. The actual review together with the associated papers by Skovenborg et al., 2021 and Ellison et al., 2021 offers a possibility to “update your priors” and achieve greater certainty when giving your patients information on the pros and cons of alcohol intake.
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43
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Ceci FM, Ferraguti G, Petrella C, Greco A, Ralli M, Iannitelli A, Carito V, Tirassa P, Chaldakov GN, Messina MP, Ceccanti M, Fiore M. Nerve Growth Factor in Alcohol Use Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:45-60. [PMID: 32348226 PMCID: PMC7903493 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429003239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor (NGF) belongs to the family of neurotrophic factors. Initially discovered as a signaling molecule involved in the survival, protection, differentiation, and proliferation of sympathetic and peripheral sensory neurons, it also participates in the regulation of the immune system and endocrine system. NGF biological activity is due to the binding of two classes of receptors: the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) and the low-affinity NGF pan-neurotrophin receptor p75. Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are one of the most frequent mental disorders in developed countries, characterized by heavy drinking, despite the negative effects of alcohol on brain development and cognitive functions that cause individual’s work, medical, legal, educational, and social life problems. In addition, alcohol consumption during pregnancy disrupts the development of the fetal brain causing a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The rationale of this review is to describe crucial findings on the role of NGF in humans and animals, when exposed to prenatal, chronic alcohol consumption, and on binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University Hospital of Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Iannitelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Section of Neurobiology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Rome, Italy
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44
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Milanlouei S, Menichetti G, Li Y, Loscalzo J, Willett WC, Barabási AL. A systematic comprehensive longitudinal evaluation of dietary factors associated with acute myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6074. [PMID: 33247093 PMCID: PMC7699643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, and in particular diet, are known to play a key role in the development of Coronary Heart Disease. Many of these factors were unveiled by detailed nutritional epidemiology studies, focusing on the role of a single nutrient or food at a time. Here, we apply an Environment-Wide Association Study approach to Nurses' Health Study data to explore comprehensively and agnostically the association of 257 nutrients and 117 foods with coronary heart disease risk (acute myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease). After accounting for multiple testing, we identify 16 food items and 37 nutrients that show statistically significant association - while adjusting for potential confounding and control variables such as physical activity, smoking, calorie intake, and medication use - among which 38 associations were validated in Nurses' Health Study II. Our implementation of Environment-Wide Association Study successfully reproduces prior knowledge of diet-coronary heart disease associations in the epidemiological literature, and helps us detect new associations that were only marginally studied, opening potential avenues for further extensive experimental validation. We also show that Environment-Wide Association Study allows us to identify a bipartite food-nutrient network, highlighting which foods drive the associations of specific nutrients with coronary heart disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Milanlouei
- Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Menichetti
- Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.
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45
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Abstract
Health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been studied during the past decades, first in observational studies and more recently, in experimental settings and randomized controlled studies. Suggested biological pathways include antioxidant, lipid regulating, and anti-inflammatory effects. Both the alcoholic and polyphenolic components of wine are believed to contribute to these beneficial effects. Although several of these studies demonstrated protective associations between moderate drinking and cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders, and the metabolic syndrome, no conclusive recommendations exist regarding moderate wine consumption. Yet, it is suggested that the physician and patient should discuss alcohol use. In the CASCADE (CArdiovaSCulAr Diabetes & Ethanol) trial, 224 abstainers with type 2 diabetes were randomized to consume red wine, white wine or mineral water for two years. Here, we summarize our previous findings, offer new evidence concerning the differential effects of wine consumption among men and women, and further suggest that initiating moderate alcohol consumption among well-controlled persons with type 2 diabetes is apparently safe, in regard to changes in heart rate variability and carotid plaque formation.
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46
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Maugeri A, Hlinomaz O, Agodi A, Barchitta M, Kunzova S, Bauerova H, Sochor O, Medina-Inojosa JR, Lopez-Jimenez F, Vinciguerra M, Stokin GB, González-Rivas JP. Is Drinking Alcohol Really Linked to Cardiovascular Health? Evidence from the Kardiovize 2030 Project. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092848. [PMID: 32957567 PMCID: PMC7551763 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing data have described benefits and drawbacks of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but no research has evaluated its association with the cardiovascular health (CVH) score proposed by the American Heart Association. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on the Kardiovize cohort (Brno, Czech Republic), to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and CVH. We included 1773 subjects (aged 25–64 years; 44.2% men) with no history of CVD. We compared CVD risk factors, CVH metrics (i.e., BMI, healthy diet, physical activity level, smoking status, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol) and CVH score between and within several drinking categories. We found that the relationship between drinking habits and CVH was related to the amount of alcohol consumed, drinking patterns, and beverage choices. Heavy drinkers were more likely to smoke tobacco, and to report diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol at higher level than non-drinkers. Among drinkers, however, people who exclusively drank wine exhibited better CVH than those who exclusively drank beer. Although our findings supported the hypothesis that drinking alcohol was related to the CVH in general, further prospective research is needed to understand whether the assessment of CVH should incorporate information on alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ota Hlinomaz
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95127 Catania, Italy; (A.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Sarka Kunzova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
| | - Hana Bauerova
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
| | - Ondrej Sochor
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
| | - Jose R. Medina-Inojosa
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MI 55905, USA; (J.R.M.-I.); (F.L.-J.)
| | - Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MI 55905, USA; (J.R.M.-I.); (F.L.-J.)
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
| | - Gorazd Bernard Stokin
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
| | - Juan Pablo González-Rivas
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.H.); (S.K.); (H.B.); (O.S.); (M.V.); (G.B.S.); (J.P.G.-R.)
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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47
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption has long been a part of human culture. However, alcohol consumption levels and alcohol consumption patterns are associated with chronic diseases. Overall, light and moderate alcohol consumption (up to 14 g per day for women and up to 28 g per day for men) may be associated with reduced mortality risk, mainly due to reduced risks for cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. However, chronic heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse lead to alcohol-use disorder, which results in physical and mental diseases such as liver disease, pancreatitis, dementia, and various types of cancer. Risk factors for alcohol-use disorder are largely unknown. Alcohol-use disorder and frequent heavy drinking have detrimental effects on personal health.
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48
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Wallach JD, Serghiou S, Chu L, Egilman AC, Vasiliou V, Ross JS, Ioannidis JPA. Evaluation of confounding in epidemiologic studies assessing alcohol consumption on the risk of ischemic heart disease. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 32171256 PMCID: PMC7071725 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-0914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among different investigators studying the same exposures and outcomes, there may be a lack of consensus about potential confounders that should be considered as matching, adjustment, or stratification variables in observational studies. Concerns have been raised that confounding factors may affect the results obtained for the alcohol-ischemic heart disease relationship, as well as their consistency and reproducibility across different studies. Therefore, we assessed how confounders are defined, operationalized, and discussed across individual studies evaluating the impact of alcohol on ischemic heart disease risk. Methods For observational studies included in a recent alcohol-ischemic heart disease meta-analysis, we identified all variables adjusted, matched, or stratified for in the largest reported multivariate model (i.e. potential confounders). We recorded how the variables were measured and grouped them into higher-level confounder domains. Abstracts and Discussion sections were then assessed to determine whether authors considered confounding when interpreting their study findings. Results 85 of 87 (97.7%) studies reported multivariate analyses for an alcohol-ischemic heart disease relationship. The most common higher-level confounder domains included were smoking (79, 92.9%), age (74, 87.1%), and BMI, height, and/or weight (57, 67.1%). However, no two models adjusted, matched, or stratified for the same higher-level confounder domains. Most (74/87, 85.1%) articles mentioned or alluded to “confounding” in their Abstract or Discussion sections, but only one stated that their main findings were likely to be affected by residual confounding. There were five (5/87, 5.7%) authors that explicitly asked for caution when interpreting results. Conclusion There is large variation in the confounders considered across observational studies evaluating the impact of alcohol on ischemic heart disease risk and almost all studies spuriously ignore or eventually dismiss confounding in their conclusions. Given that study results and interpretations may be affected by the mix of potential confounders included within multivariate models, efforts are necessary to standardize approaches for selecting and accounting for confounders in observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Wallach
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, 4th Floor, Room 411, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency (CRIT), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA. .,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health System, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Stylianos Serghiou
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Rd, MSOB X306, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, 150 Governor's Lane, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lingzhi Chu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, 4th Floor, Room 411, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Alexander C Egilman
- Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency (CRIT), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health System, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, 4th Floor, Room 411, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Joseph S Ross
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Health System, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Section of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 367 Cedar Street, Ste 405B, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, 367 Cedar Street, Ste 405B, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Rd, MSOB X306, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, 150 Governor's Lane, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Rd, MSOB X306, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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49
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Vance MC, Caverly TJ, Hayward RA. Underappreciated Bias Created by Measurement Error in Risk Factor Assessment-A Case Study of No Safe Level of Alcohol Consumption. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:459-461. [PMID: 31816010 PMCID: PMC6902163 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This quality improvement study assesses the potential consequences of systematic underreporting of alcohol use on the observed results in a recent, well-publicized study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Vance
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tanner J Caverly
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rodney A Hayward
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.,Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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50
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Schutte R, Papageorgiou M, Najlah M, Huisman HW, Ricci C, Zhang J, Milner N, Schutte AE. Drink types unmask the health risks associated with alcohol intake - Prospective evidence from the general population. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3168-3174. [PMID: 32111522 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Uncertainty still exists on the impact of low to moderate consumption of different drink types on population health. We therefore investigated the associations of different drink types in the form of beer/cider, champagne/white wine, red wine and spirits with various health outcomes. METHODS Over 500,000 participants were recruited to the UK Biobank cohort. Alcohol consumption was self-reported as pints beer/cider, glasses champagne/white wine, glasses of red wine, and measures of spirits per week. We followed health outcomes for a median of 7.02 years and reported all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular events, and cancer. RESULTS In continuous analysis after excluding non-drinkers, beer/cider and spirits intake associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality (beer/cider: hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-1.68; spirits: 1.47; 1.35-1.60), cardiovascular events (beer/cider: 1.25; 1.17-1.33; spirits: 1.25; 1.16-1.36), ischemic heart disease (beer/cider:1.12; 0.99-1.26 [P = 0.056]; spirits: 1.17; 1.02-1.35), cerebrovascular disease (beer/cider: 1.63; 1.32-2.02; spirits: 1.59; 1.25-2.02) and cancer (beer/cider: 1.14; 1.05-1.24; spirits: 1.14; 1.03-1.26), while both champagne/white wine and red wine associated with a decreased risk for ischemic heart disease only (champagne/white wine: 0.84; 0.72-0.98; red wine: 0.88; 0.77-0.99). CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the notion that alcohol from any drink type is beneficial to health. Consuming low levels of beer/cider and spirits already associated with an increased risk for all health outcomes, while wine showed opposite protective relationships only with ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph Schutte
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.
| | - Maria Papageorgiou
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Brocklehurst Building, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK; Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Najlah
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Hugo W Huisman
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Cristian Ricci
- Center of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jufen Zhang
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Nicky Milner
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
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