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Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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2
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Bonilla G, Morris A, Kundu S, Ducasse A, Jeffries NE, Chetal K, Yvanovich EE, Barghout R, Scadden D, Mansour MK, Kingston RE, Sykes DB, Mercier FE, Sadreyev RI. Leukemia aggressiveness is driven by chromatin remodeling and expression changes of core regulators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582846. [PMID: 38496490 PMCID: PMC10942317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms driving clonal aggressiveness in leukemia are not fully understood. We tracked and analyzed two mouse MLL-rearranged leukemic clones independently evolving towards higher aggressiveness. More aggressive subclones lost their growth differential ex vivo but restored it upon secondary transplantation, suggesting molecular memory of aggressiveness. Development of aggressiveness was associated with clone-specific gradual modulation of chromatin states and expression levels across the genome, with a surprising preferential trend of reversing the earlier changes between normal and leukemic progenitors. To focus on the core aggressiveness program, we identified genes with consistent changes of expression and chromatin marks that were maintained in vivo and ex vivo in both clones. Overexpressing selected core genes (Smad1 as aggressiveness driver, Irx5 and Plag1 as suppressors) affected leukemic progenitor growth in the predicted way and had convergent downstream effects on central transcription factors and repressive epigenetic modifiers, suggesting a broader regulatory network of leukemic aggressiveness.
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3
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Zhao B, Yin J, Ding L, Luo J, Luo J, Mu J, Pan S, Du J, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Liu L. SPAG6 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via TGF-β/Smad signal pathway in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:119-129. [PMID: 38147275 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) prognosis remains unsatisfactory, and searching for new therapeutic targets is crucial for improving patient prognosis. Sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), a member of the cancer-testis antigen family, plays an important role in tumors, especially hematologic tumors; however, it is unknown whether SPAG6 plays a role in adult B-ALL. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that SPAG6 expression was up-regulated in the bone marrow of adult B-ALL patients compared to healthy donors, and expression was significantly reduced in patients who achieved complete remission (CR) after treatment. In addition, patients with high SPAG6 expression were older (≥ 35 years; P = 0.015), had elevated white blood cell counts (WBC > 30 × 109/L; P = 0.021), and a low rate of CR (P = 0.036). We explored the SPAG6 effect on cell function by lentiviral transfection of adult B-ALL cell lines BALL-1 and NALM-6, and discovered that knocking down SPAG6 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. We identified that SPAG6 knockdown might regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis via the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiaxiu Yin
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Shirui Pan
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirui Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Linyi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Tang PC, Chan MK, Chung JY, Chan AS, Zhang D, Li C, Leung K, Ng CS, Wu Y, To K, Lan H, Tang PM. Hematopoietic Transcription Factor RUNX1 is Essential for Promoting Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302203. [PMID: 37967345 PMCID: PMC10767400 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) is a newly discovered pathway for mass production of pro-tumoral cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in a TGF-β1/Smad3 dependent manner. Better understanding its regulatory signaling in tumor microenvironment (TME) may identify druggable target for the development of precision medicine. Here, by dissecting the transcriptome dynamics of tumor-associated macrophage at single-cell resolution, a crucial role of a hematopoietic transcription factor Runx1 in MMT formation is revealed. Surprisingly, integrative bioinformatic analysis uncovers Runx1 as a key regulator in the downstream of MMT-specific TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Stromal Runx1 level positively correlates with the MMT-derived CAF abundance and mortality in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, macrophage-specific Runx1 promotes the transcription of genes related to CAF signatures in MMT cells at genomic level. Importantly, macrophage-specific genetic deletion and systemic pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3/Runx1 signaling effectively prevent MMT-driven CAF and tumor formation in vitro and in vivo, representing a potential therapeutic target for clinical NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu‐Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Max Kam‐Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Jeff Yat‐Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Alex Siu‐Wing Chan
- Department of Applied Social SciencesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHunghom999077Hong Kong
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck OncologyWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Kam‐Tong Leung
- Department of PaediatricsThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Calvin Sze‐Hang Ng
- Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to DiseasesSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Ka‐Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Hui‐Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ming‐Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin999077Hong Kong
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5
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Wong H, Sugimura R. Immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233383. [PMID: 37808081 PMCID: PMC10551137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematological malignancies comprise a diverse set of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms which can arise during any stage of haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation generated by inflammatory cytokines secreted by tumour and the tumour-associated cells within the bone marrow microenvironment initiates signalling pathways in malignant cells, resulting in activation of master transcription factors including Smads, STAT3, and NF-κB which confer cancer stem cell phenotypes and drive disease progression. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms for how immune cells interact with malignant cells to induce such epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, histone modification, expression of miRNAs and lnRNAs to perturbate haematopoiesis could provide new avenues for developing novel targeted therapies for haematological malignancies. Here, the complex positive and negative feedback loops involved in inflammatory cytokine-induced cancer stem cell generation and drug resistance are reviewed to highlight the clinical importance of immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lee Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Dai Q, Zhang G, Wang Y, Ye L, Shi R, Peng L, Guo S, He J, Yang H, Zhang Y, Jiang Y. Cytokine network imbalance in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis. Cytokine 2023; 169:156267. [PMID: 37320964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune imbalance has been proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of hematologic neoplasm. However, little research has been reported altered cytokine network in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) at diagnosis. Our study aimed to evaluate the cytokine network in peripheral blood of newly diagnosed pediatric patients with B-ALL. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-17A in 45 children with B-ALL and 37 healthy control children were measured by cytometric bead array, while the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients showed a significant increase in IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-10 (p < 0.001), IFN-γ (p = 0.023) and a significant reduction in TGF-β1 (p = 0.001). The levels of IL-2, IL-4, TNF and IL-17A were similar in the two groups. Higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were associated with febrile in patients without apparent infection by using unsupervised machine learning algorithms. In conclusion, our results indicated a critical role for aberrant cytokine expression profiles in the progression of childhood B-ALL. Distinct cytokine subgroups with different clinical features and immune response have been identified in patients with B-ALL at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuefang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Luyun Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Siqi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jiajing He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Key Laboratory of Obstrtric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Disease and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, China.
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7
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Wang L, Gu S, Chen F, Yu Y, Cao J, Li X, Gao C, Chen Y, Yuan S, Liu X, Qin J, Zhao B, Xu P, Liang T, Tong H, Lin X, Feng XH. Imatinib blocks tyrosine phosphorylation of Smad4 and restores TGF-β growth-suppressive signaling in BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:120. [PMID: 36959211 PMCID: PMC10036327 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of TGF-β-mediated growth suppression is a major contributor to the development of cancers, best exemplified by loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding components of the TGF-β signaling pathway in colorectal and pancreatic cancers. Alternatively, gain-of-function oncogene mutations can also disrupt antiproliferative TGF-β signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying oncogene-induced modulation of TGF-β signaling have not been extensively investigated. Here, we show that the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and the cellular ABL1 tyrosine kinases phosphorylate and inactivate Smad4 to block antiproliferative TGF-β signaling. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of Smad4 at Tyr195, Tyr301, and Tyr322 in the linker region interferes with its binding to the transcription co-activator p300/CBP, thereby blocking the ability of Smad4 to activate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors and induce cell cycle arrest. In contrast, the inhibition of BCR-ABL1 kinase with Imatinib prevented Smad4 tyrosine phosphorylation and re-sensitized CML cells to TGF-β-induced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic responses. Furthermore, expression of phosphorylation-site-mutated Y195F/Y301F/Y322F mutant of Smad4 in Smad4-null CML cells enhanced antiproliferative responses to TGF-β, whereas the phosphorylation-mimicking Y195E/Y301E/Y322E mutant interfered with TGF-β signaling and enhanced the in vivo growth of CML cells. These findings demonstrate the direct role of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase in suppressing TGF-β signaling in CML and explain how Imatinib-targeted therapy restored beneficial TGF-β anti-growth responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fenfang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yi Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jin Cao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xinran Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chun Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Yanzhen Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shuchong Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xia Liu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 321000, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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8
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Tsai PJ, Lai YH, Manne RK, Tsai YS, Sarbassov D, Lin HK. Akt: a key transducer in cancer. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:76. [PMID: 36180910 PMCID: PMC9526305 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor signaling plays a pivotal role in diverse biological functions, such as cell growth, apoptosis, senescence, and migration and its deregulation has been linked to various human diseases. Akt kinase is a central player transmitting extracellular clues to various cellular compartments, in turn executing these biological processes. Since the discovery of Akt three decades ago, the tremendous progress towards identifying its upstream regulators and downstream effectors and its roles in cancer has been made, offering novel paradigms and therapeutic strategies for targeting human diseases and cancers with deregulated Akt activation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for Akt signaling networks paves the way for developing selective inhibitors targeting Akt and its signaling regulation for the management of human diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dos Sarbassov
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, and National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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9
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Song Q, Wang J, Bar-Joseph Z. scSTEM: clustering pseudotime ordered single-cell data. Genome Biol 2022; 23:150. [PMID: 35799304 PMCID: PMC9264648 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop scSTEM, single-cell STEM, a method for clustering dynamic profiles of genes in trajectories inferred from pseudotime ordering of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. scSTEM uses one of several metrics to summarize the expression of genes and assigns a p-value to clusters enabling the identification of significant profiles and comparison of profiles across different paths. Application of scSTEM to several scRNA-seq datasets demonstrates its usefulness and ability to improve downstream analysis of biological processes. scSTEM is available at https://github.com/alexQiSong/scSTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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10
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Baik JE, Park HJ, Kataru RP, Savetsky IL, Ly CL, Shin J, Encarnacion EM, Cavali MR, Klang MG, Riedel E, Coriddi M, Dayan JH, Mehrara BJ. TGF-β1 mediates pathologic changes of secondary lymphedema by promoting fibrosis and inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e758. [PMID: 35652284 PMCID: PMC9160979 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment, and previous studies have shown that the expression of transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1), a pro‐fibrotic and anti‐lymphangiogenic growth factor, is increased in this disease. Inhibition of TGF‐β1 decreases the severity of the disease in mouse models; however, the mechanisms that regulate this improvement remain unknown. Methods Expression of TGF‐β1 and extracellular matrix molecules (ECM) was assessed in biopsy specimens from patients with unilateral breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL). The effects of TGF‐β1 inhibition using neutralizing antibodies or a topical formulation of pirfenidone (PFD) were analyzed in mouse models of lymphedema. We also assessed the direct effects of TGF‐β1 on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) using transgenic mice that expressed a dominant‐negative TGF‐β receptor selectively on LECs (LECDN‐RII). Results The expression of TGF‐β1 and ECM molecules is significantly increased in BCRL skin biopsies. Inhibition of TGF‐β1 in mouse models of lymphedema using neutralizing antibodies or with topical PFD decreased ECM deposition, increased the formation of collateral lymphatics, and inhibited infiltration of T cells. In vitro studies showed that TGF‐β1 in lymphedematous tissues increases fibroblast, lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC), and lymphatic smooth muscle cell stiffness. Knockdown of TGF‐β1 responsiveness in LECDN‐RII resulted in increased lymphangiogenesis and collateral lymphatic formation; however, ECM deposition and fibrosis persisted, and the severity of lymphedema was indistinguishable from controls. Conclusions Our results show that TGF‐β1 is an essential regulator of ECM deposition in secondary lymphedema and that inhibition of this response is a promising means of treating lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Baik
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hyeung Ju Park
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Raghu P Kataru
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira L Savetsky
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine L Ly
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jinyeon Shin
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth M Encarnacion
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michele R Cavali
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark G Klang
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elyn Riedel
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Coriddi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph H Dayan
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Babak J Mehrara
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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TGF-β/SMAD Pathway Is Modulated by miR-26b-5p: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071676. [PMID: 35406446 PMCID: PMC8997107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary TGF-β is a key immunoregulatory pathway that can limit the proliferation of B-lymphocytes. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been historically conceptualized as a neoplasm characterized by accumulation of mature B cells escaping programmed cell death and undergoing cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. However, new evidence indicates that tumor expansion is in fact a dynamic process in which cell proliferation also plays an important role. In general, cancers progress by the emergence of subclones with genomic aberrations distinct from the initial tumor. Often, these subclones are selected for advantages in cell survival and/or growth. Here, we provide novel evidence to explain, at least in part, the origins of CLL progression in a subgroup of patients with a poor clinical outcome. In this cohort, the immunoregulatory pathway TGF-β/SMAD is modulated by miR-26b-5p and the impairment of this axis bypasses cell cycle arrest in CLL cells facilitating disease progression. Abstract Clinical and molecular heterogeneity are hallmarks of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a neoplasm characterized by accumulation of mature and clonal long-lived CD5 + B-lymphocytes. Mutational status of the IgHV gene of leukemic clones is a powerful prognostic tool in CLL, and it is well established that unmutated CLLs (U-CLLs) have worse evolution than mutated cases. Nevertheless, progression and treatment requirement of patients can evolve independently from the mutational status. Microenvironment signaling or epigenetic changes partially explain this different behavior. Thus, we think that detailed characterization of the miRNAs landscape from patients with different clinical evolution could facilitate the understanding of this heterogeneity. Since miRNAs are key players in leukemia pathogenesis and evolution, we aim to better characterize different CLL behaviors by comparing the miRNome of clinically progressive U-CLLs vs. stable U-CLLs. Our data show up-regulation of miR-26b-5p, miR-106b-5p, and miR-142-5p in progressive cases and indicate a key role for miR-26b-5p during CLL progression. Specifically, up-regulation of miR-26b-5p in CLL cells blocks TGF-β/SMAD pathway by down-modulation of SMAD-4, resulting in lower expression of p21−Cip1 kinase inhibitor and higher expression of c-Myc oncogene. This work describes a new molecular mechanism linking CLL progression with TGF-β modulation and proposes an alternative strategy to explore in CLL therapy.
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12
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Durślewicz J, Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska A, Jóźwicki J, Antosik P, Smolińska-Świtała M, Gagat M, Kowalewski A, Grzanka D. Prognostic Significance of TLR2, SMAD3 and Localization-dependent SATB1 in Stage I and II Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211056697. [PMID: 34818944 PMCID: PMC8640983 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211056697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of SATB1, SMAD3, and TLR2 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients with clinical stages I-II. To investigate, we evaluated immunohistochemical staining to each of these markers using tissue sections from 69 patients from our cohort and gene expression data for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. We found that, in our cohort, high expression levels of nuclear SATB1n and SMAD3 were independent prognostic markers for better overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Interestingly, expression of cytoplasmic SATB1c exhibited a significant but inverse association with survival rate, and it was an independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis. Likewise, TLR2 was a negative outcome biomarker for NSCLC even when adjusting for covariates. Importantly, stratification of NSCLCs with respect to combined expression of the three biomarkers allowed us to identify subgroups of patients with the greatest difference in duration of survival. Specifically, expression profile of SATB1n-high/SMAD3high/TLR2low was associated with the best OS, and it was superior to each single protein alone in predicting patient prognosis. Furthermore, based on the TCGA dataset, we found that overexpression of SATB1 mRNA was significantly associated with better OS, whereas high mRNA levels of SMAD3 and TLR2 with poor OS. In conclusion, the present study identified a set of proteins that may play a significant role in predicting prognosis of NSCLC patients with clinical stages I-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska-Świtała
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre, Prof Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 49577Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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13
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Silva A, Almeida ARM, Cachucho A, Neto JL, Demeyer S, de Matos M, Hogan T, Li Y, Meijerink J, Cools J, Grosso AR, Seddon B, Barata JT. Overexpression of wild-type IL-7Rα promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2021; 138:1040-1052. [PMID: 33970999 PMCID: PMC8462360 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of IL-7Rα expression is essential for normal T-cell development. IL-7Rα gain-of-function mutations are known drivers of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although a subset of patients with T-ALL display high IL7R messenger RNA levels and cases with IL7R gains have been reported, the impact of IL-7Rα overexpression, rather than mutational activation, during leukemogenesis remains unclear. In this study, overexpressed IL-7Rα in tetracycline-inducible Il7r transgenic and Rosa26 IL7R knockin mice drove potential thymocyte self-renewal, and thymus hyperplasia related to increased proliferation of T-cell precursors, which subsequently infiltrated lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow, ultimately leading to fatal leukemia. The tumors mimicked key features of human T-ALL, including heterogeneity in immunophenotype and genetic subtype between cases, frequent hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway paralleled by downregulation of p27Kip1 and upregulation of Bcl-2, and gene expression signatures evidencing activation of JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Notch signaling. Notably, we also found that established tumors may no longer require high levels of IL-7R expression upon secondary transplantation and progressed in the absence of IL-7, but remain sensitive to inhibitors of IL-7R-mediated signaling ruxolitinib (Jak1), AZD1208 (Pim), dactolisib (PI3K/mTOR), palbociclib (Cdk4/6), and venetoclax (Bcl-2). The relevance of these findings for human disease are highlighted by the fact that samples from patients with T-ALL with high wild-type IL7R expression display a transcriptional signature resembling that of IL-7-stimulated pro-T cells and, critically, of IL7R-mutant cases of T-ALL. Overall, our study demonstrates that high expression of IL-7Rα can promote T-cell tumorigenesis, even in the absence of IL-7Rα mutational activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Afonso R M Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Cachucho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João L Neto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofie Demeyer
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Cancer Biology
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (VIB-KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mafalda de Matos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thea Hogan
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Meijerink
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; and
| | - Jan Cools
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Cancer Biology
| | - Ana Rita Grosso
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas (UCIBIO), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benedict Seddon
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Wang W, Lyu C, Wang F, Wang C, Wu F, Li X, Gan S. Identification of Potential Signatures and Their Functions for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Study Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas. Front Genet 2021; 12:656042. [PMID: 34295352 PMCID: PMC8290159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.656042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease most commonly diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to explore potential signatures and their functions for ALL. Methods Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified for ALL from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and normal control from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). DElncRNA-microRNA (miRNA) and miRNA-DEmRNA pairs were predicted using online databases. Then, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. Functional enrichment analysis of DEmRNAs in the ceRNA network was performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was then constructed. Hub genes were identified. DElncRNAs in the ceRNA network were validated using Real-time qPCR. Results A total of 2,903 up- and 3,228 downregulated mRNAs and 469 up- and 286 downregulated lncRNAs were identified for ALL. A ceRNA network was constructed for ALL, consisting of 845 lncRNA-miRNA and 395 miRNA-mRNA pairs. These DEmRNAs in the ceRNA network were mainly enriched in ALL-related biological processes and pathways. Ten hub genes were identified, including SMAD3, SMAD7, SMAD5, ZFYVE9, FKBP1A, FZD6, FZD7, LRP6, WNT1, and SFRP1. According to Real-time qPCR, eight lncRNAs including ATP11A-AS1, ITPK1-AS1, ANO1-AS2, CRNDE, MALAT1, CACNA1C-IT3, PWRN1, and WT1-AS were significantly upregulated in ALL bone marrow samples compared to normal samples. Conclusion Our results showed the lncRNA expression profiles and constructed ceRNA network in ALL. Furthermore, eight lncRNAs including ATP11A-AS1, ITPK1-AS1, ANO1-AS2, CRNDE, MALAT1, CACNA1C-IT3, PWRN1, and WT1-AS were identified. These results could provide a novel insight into the study of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Lyu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Silin Gan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β1, Smad3, and Phospho-Smad3 in Somatotropinomas and Their Relationship to Tumor Behavior. World Neurosurg 2021; 153:e20-e27. [PMID: 34087455 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, and phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3) in the invasion of somatotropinomas. METHODS In total, 45 somatotropinomas were obtained from patients who underwent surgery for the first time between 2011 and 2015 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, and p-Smad3 was examined by western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry in somatotropinomas, and factors correlated with tumor invasion were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 13 invasive somatotropinomas and 32 noninvasive somatotropinomas were enrolled in the study. TGF-β1 protein (P < 0.01) and mRNA (P < 0.01) levels were significantly less in the invasive somatotropinomas than noninvasive somatotropinomas. There was no significant difference in Smad3 protein level or Smad3 mRNA level between invasive somatotropinomas and noninvasive somatotropinomas. However, the p-Smad3 protein level was significantly less in the invasive somatotropinomas than noninvasive somatotropinomas (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis demonstrated that TGF-β1 (P < 0.01) and p-Smad3 scores (P < 0.01) were associated with invasion. In multivariate analysis, p-Smad3 scores remained a significantly independent predictor of invasion (odds ratio 0.897, 95% confidence interval 0.834-0.964, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of p-Smad3 is correlated with invasion of somatotropinomas.
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16
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Large-scale circular RNA deregulation in T-ALL: unlocking unique ectopic expression of molecular subtypes. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5902-5914. [PMID: 33259601 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable RNA molecules that can drive cancer through interactions with microRNAs and proteins and by the expression of circRNA encoded peptides. The aim of the study was to define the circRNA landscape and potential impact in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Analysis by CirComPara of RNA-sequencing data from 25 T-ALL patients, immature, HOXA overexpressing, TLX1, TLX3, TAL1, or LMO2 rearranged, and from thymocyte populations of human healthy donors disclosed 68 554 circRNAs. Study of the top 3447 highly expressed circRNAs identified 944 circRNAs with significant differential expression between malignant T cells and normal counterparts, with most circRNAs displaying increased expression in T-ALL. Next, we defined subtype-specific circRNA signatures in molecular genetic subgroups of human T-ALL. In particular, circZNF609, circPSEN1, circKPNA5, and circCEP70 were upregulated in immature, circTASP1, circZBTB44, and circBACH1 in TLX3, circHACD1, and circSTAM in HOXA, circCAMSAP1 in TLX1, and circCASC15 in TAL-LMO. Backsplice sequences of 14 circRNAs ectopically expressed in T-ALL were confirmed, and overexpression of circRNAs in T-ALL with specific oncogenic lesions was substantiated by quantification in a panel of 13 human cell lines. An oncogenic role of circZNF609 in T-ALL was indicated by decreased cell viability upon silencing in vitro. Furthermore, functional predictions identified circRNA-microRNA gene axes informing modes of circRNA impact in molecular subtypes of human T-ALL.
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Lamb MG, Rangarajan HG, Tullius BP, Lee DA. Natural killer cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: successes, challenges, and the future. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:211. [PMID: 33766099 PMCID: PMC7992329 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells is an emerging therapy in the field of immuno-oncology. In the last 3 decades, NK cells have been utilized to harness the anti-tumor immune response in a wide range of malignancies, most notably with early evidence of efficacy in hematologic malignancies. NK cells are dysfunctional in patients with hematologic malignancies, and their number and function are further impaired by chemotherapy, radiation, and immunosuppressants used in initial therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Restoring this innate immune deficit may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes. NK cell adoptive transfer has proven to be a safe in these settings, even in the setting of HLA mismatch, and a deeper understanding of NK cell biology and optimized expansion techniques have improved scalability and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we review the use of NK cell therapy in hematologic malignancies and discuss strategies to further improve the efficacy of NK cells against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Lamb
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Hemalatha G Rangarajan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Tullius
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Zhang L, Tian S, Zhao M, Yang T, Quan S, Song L, Yang X. SUV39H1-Mediated DNMT1 is Involved in the Epigenetic Regulation of Smad3 in Cervical Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:756-765. [PMID: 32698743 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMAD3 is a pivotal intracellular mediator for participating in the activation of multiple immune signal pathways. OBJECTIVE The epigenetic regulation mechanism of the positive immune factor SMAD3 in cervical cancer remains unknown. Therefore, the epigenetic regulation on SMAD3 is investigated in this study. METHODS The methylation status of SMAD3 was detected by Methylation-Specific PCR (MS-PCR) and Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR (MS-qPCR) in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. The underlying molecular mechanisms of SUV39H1-DNMT1-SMAD3 regulation were elucidated using cervical cancer cell lines containing siRNA or/and over-expression systems. The regulation of DNMT1 by SUV39H1 was confirmed using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR). The statistical methods used for comparing samples between groups were paired t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. RESULTS H3K9me3 protein regulated by SUV39H1 directly interacts with the DNMT1 promoter region to regulate its expression in cervical cancer cells, resulting in the reduced expression of the downstream target gene DNMT1. In addition, DNMT1 mediates the epigenetic modulation of the SMAD3 gene by directly binding to its promoter region. The depletion of DNMT1 effectively restores the expression of SMAD3 in vitro. Moreover, in an in vivo assay, the expression profile of SUV39H1-DNMT1 was found to correlate with SMAD3 expression in accordance with the expression at the cellular level. Notably, the promoter region of SMAD3 was hypermethylated in cervical cancer tissues, and this hypermethylation inhibited the subsequent gene expression. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SUV39H1-DNMT1 is a crucial SMAD3 regulatory axis in cervical cancer. SUV39H1-DNMT1 axis may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shimin Quan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Choi SH, Barker EC, Gerber KJ, Letterio JJ, Kim BG. Loss of p27Kip1 leads to expansion of CD4+ effector memory T cells and accelerates colitis-associated colon cancer in mice with a T cell lineage restricted deletion of Smad4. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1847832. [PMID: 33329939 PMCID: PMC7722707 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1847832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is a tumor suppressor whose intrinsic activity in cancer cells correlates with tumor aggressiveness, invasiveness, and impaired tumor cell differentiation. Here we explore whether p27Kip1 indirectly influences tumor progression by restricting expansion and survival of effector memory T cell (TEM) populations in a preclinical model of spontaneous colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). We show mRNA and protein expression of p27Kip1 to be significantly decreased in the colons of mice with a T cell-restricted deletion of the TGF-β intermediate, SMAD4 (Smad4TKO). Loss of p27Kip1 expression in T cells correlates with the onset of spontaneous CAC in Smad4TKO mice by 8 months of age. This phenotype is greatly accelerated by the introduction of a germline deletion of CDKN1b (the gene encoding p27Kip1) in Smad4TKO mice (Smad4TKO/p27Kip1-/-, DKO). DKO mice display colon carcinoma by 3 months of age and increased mortality compared to Smad4TKO. Importantly, the phenotype in DKO mice is associated with a significant increase in the frequency of effector CD4 T cells expressing abundant IFN-γ and with a concomitant decrease in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, both in the intestinal mucosa and in the periphery. In addition, induction of inflammatory mediators (IFN-γ, TNF-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS) and activation of Stat1, Stat3, and IκB is also observed in the colon as early as 1–2 months of age. Our data suggest that genomic alterations known to influence p27Kip1 abundance in gastrointestinal cancers may indirectly promote epithelial malignancy by augmenting the production of inflammatory mediators from a spontaneously expanding pool of TEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily C Barker
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John J Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,The Angie Fowler Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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20
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microRNA-17 functions as an oncogene by downregulating Smad3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:723. [PMID: 31558704 PMCID: PMC6763424 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sekelsky mothers against dpp3 (Smad3) functions as a transcriptional modulator activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Accumulated evidences indicated that Smad3 played the important roles in carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Up to now, the regulatory mechanism of Smad3 in HCC still remains unclear. It has been known that some particular microRNAs (miRNAs) involve in carcinogenesis through the regulation of gene expressions with targeting mRNAs. In our study, the unknown candidates of miRNAs that target Smad3 mRNA were searched by using a newly established in vivo approach, the miRNA in vivo precipitation (miRIP). Using a loss-of-function assay, we demonstrated that miR-17 directly targeted Smad3 in HCC cells and inhibition on miR-17 increased Smad3 expression. Furthermore, we found that downregulation on Smad3 expression was consistent with high level of miR-17 in HCC tissues of patients when compared with around normal liver tissues. The manipulated miR-17 silence in HCC cells suppressed their growth of both in vitro and in vivo. Such suppression on cell growth could be recovered through downregulating Smad3. In addition, miR-17 affected cell proliferation through arresting cell cycle in G1 phase. The negative correlation between levels of miR-17 and protein levels of Smad3 was supported by the results of analysis with HCC tissue chip. In summary, for the first time, we confirmed that miR-17 directly targeted Smad3 mRNA and downregulated Smad3 protein expression in HCC. Our results indicated that the increased expression of miR-17 promoted carcinogenesis of HCC through down-regulations of Smad3, suggesting miR-17 might serve as the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for clinical HCC.
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21
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Pelullo M, Zema S, Nardozza F, Checquolo S, Screpanti I, Bellavia D. Wnt, Notch, and TGF-β Pathways Impinge on Hedgehog Signaling Complexity: An Open Window on Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:711. [PMID: 31552081 PMCID: PMC6736567 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is associated with increased risk of developing several malignancies. The biological and pathogenic importance of Hh signaling emphasizes the need to control its action tightly, both physiologically and therapeutically. Evidence of crosstalk between Hh and other signaling pathways is reported in many tumor types. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the communication between Hh and major signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which play critical roles in both embryonic and adult life. When these pathways are unbalanced, impaired crosstalk contributes to disease development. It is reported that more than one of these pathways are active in different type of tumors, at the same time. Therefore, starting from a plethora of stimuli that activate multiple signaling pathways, we describe the signals that preferentially converge on the Hh signaling cascade that influence its activity. Moreover, we highlight several connection points between Hh and Notch, Wnt, or TGF-β pathways, showing a reciprocal synergism that contributes to tumorigenesis, supporting a more malignant behavior by tumor cells, such as in leukemia and brain tumors. Understanding the importance of these molecular interlinking networks will provide a rational basis for combined anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pelullo
- Center of Life Nano Science Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Zema
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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22
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Lian J, Yang H, Li F, Zhao S, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Huang L. TNF-α-induced Tim-3 expression marks the dysfunction of infiltrating natural killer cells in human esophageal cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:165. [PMID: 31109341 PMCID: PMC6528366 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of natural killer (NK) cell activity is an important mechanism of tumor immunoevasion. T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) is an activation-induced inhibitory molecule, inducing effector lymphocyte exhaustion in chronic viral infection and cancers. However, its function in NK cells in human esophageal cancer remains unclear. METHODS We prospectively collected peripheral blood and tumor samples from 53 patients with esophageal cancer. Peripheral and tumor-infiltrating NK cells were analyzed for Tim-3, Annexin V, CD69, CD107a and IFN-γ expression by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test relative mRNA expression of IFN-γ, granzyme B, perforin and NKG2D in sorted Tim-3+ NK cells and Tim-3- NK cells, respectively. NK cells isolated from healthy donors were treated with recombinant TNF-α to induce Tim-3 expression. Tim-3 and TNF-α mRNA levels in tumor tissues were measured in both humans and mice. Finally, associations between NK cell frequencies with pathological parameters were investigated. RESULTS We observed up-regulation of Tim-3 expression on NK cells from esophageal cancer patients, especially at the tumor site. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating NK cells with high Tim-3 expression exhibited a phenotype with enhanced dysfunction. In vitro, Tim-3 expression on NK cells isolated from blood of healthy donors can be induced by recombinant TNF-α via NF-κB pathway. In both animal models and patients, the Tim-3 level was positively correlated with TNF-α expression in esophageal cancer tissues. Finally, higher Tim-3 level on tumor-infiltrating NK cells is correlated with tumor invasion, nodal status and poor stage in patients with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, Tim-3 may play a crucial role to induce NK cell dysfunction in tumor microenvironment and could serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zheng
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Huiyun Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Building #9, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway as a therapeutic target in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2019; 33:1303-1312. [PMID: 30962581 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily comprises more than 30 soluble growth factors that play a central role in erythropoiesis and are part of a tightly regulated myelosuppressive negative feedback loop under physiologic conditions. TGF-β receptor activation and phosphorylation trigger a regulatory circuit of activating and inhibitory SMAD proteins and increased activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway either by a loss of negative feedback or constitutive activation has been associated with the myelosuppression and ineffective erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Anemia is the predominant cause of morbidity and quality of life impairment in patients with lower-risk (LR)-MDS, and there are very limited therapy options for these patients after failure of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). Targeting the aberrant TGF-ß signaling pathway has therefore been investigated as a promising therapeutic approach to resolve the ineffective erythropoiesis in LR-MDS. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the TGF-β signaling cascade in hematopoiesis under physiologic conditions and its role in MDS pathogenesis. We also review preclinical and clinical data for the activin receptor type IIA ligand traps sotatercept and luspatercept that have recently shown promising results in overcoming the myelosuppressive effects of TGF-β signaling alterations to improve hematopoiesis in transfusion-dependent, non-del(5q) LR-MDS patients. Additional potential targets within the TGF-β pathway have also been identified in preclinical experiments and may provide further therapeutic options. Finally, combining different TGF-β pathway inhibitors or using them in combination with ESAs or the immunomodulator lenalidomide might have synergistic effects as well.
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24
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Bataller A, Montalban-Bravo G, Soltysiak KA, Garcia-Manero G. The role of TGFβ in hematopoiesis and myeloid disorders. Leukemia 2019; 33:1076-1089. [PMID: 30816330 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in embryological development and tissue homeostasis has been thoroughly characterized. Its canonical downstream cascade is well known, even though its true complexity and other non-canonical pathways are still being explored. TGFβ signaling has been described as an important pathway involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the hematopoietic compartment, the TGFβ pathway is an important regulator of proliferation and differentiation of different cell types and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a diverse variety of bone marrow disorders. Due to its importance in hematological diseases, novel inhibitors of this pathway are being developed against a number of hematopoietic disorders, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this review, we provide an overview of the TGFβ pathway, focusing on its role in hematopoiesis and impact on myeloid disorders. We will discuss therapeutic interventions with promising results against MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Bataller
- Hematology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kelly A Soltysiak
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations promote leukaemogenesis by repressing TGFβ pathway genes through histone deacetylation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15873. [PMID: 30367089 PMCID: PMC6203835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ASXL1 and SETBP1 genes have been frequently detected and often coexist in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We previously showed that coexpression of mutant ASXL1 and SETBP1 in hematopoietic progenitor cells induced downregulation of TGFβ pathway genes and promoted the development of MDS/AML in a mouse model of bone marrow transplantation. However, whether the repression of TGFβ pathway in fact contributes to leukaemogenesis remains unclear. Moreover, mechanisms for the repression of TGFβ pathway genes in ASXL1/SETBP1-mutated MDS/AML cells have not been fully understood. In this study, we showed that expression of a constitutively active TGFβ type I receptor (ALK5-TD) inhibited leukaemic proliferation of MDS/AML cells expressing mutant ASXL1/SETBP1. We also found aberrantly reduced acetylation of several lysine residues on histone H3 and H4 around the promoter regions of multiple TGFβ pathway genes. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat reversed histone acetylation at these promoter regions, and induced transcriptional derepression of the TGFβ pathway genes. Furthermore, vorinostat showed robust growth-inhibitory effect in cells expressing mutant ASXL1, whereas it showed only a marginal effect in normal bone marrow cells. These data indicate that HDAC inhibitors will be promising therapeutic drugs for MDS and AML with ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations.
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26
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9853192. [PMID: 30498395 PMCID: PMC6222239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9853192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-β can be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.
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27
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Novel Interplay Between Smad1 and Smad3 Phosphorylation via AGE Regulates the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10548. [PMID: 30002389 PMCID: PMC6043613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end-stage renal failure and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with other causes of renal diseases. We previously found that Smad1 plays a critical role in the development of DN both in vitro and in vivo. However, functional interaction between Smad1 and Smad3 signaling in DN is unclear. Here, we addressed the molecular interplay between Smad1 and Smad3 signaling under a diabetic condition by using Smad3-knockout diabetic mice. Extracellular matrix (ECM) protein overexpression and Smad1 activation were observed in the glomeruli of db/db mice but were suppressed in the glomeruli of Smad3+/-; db/db mice. Smad3 activation enhanced the phosphorylation of Smad1 C-terminal domain but decreased the phosphorylation of linker domain, thus regulating Smad1 activation in advanced glycation end product-treated mesangial cells (MCs). However, forced phosphorylation of the Smad1 linker domain did not affect Smad3 activation in MCs. Phosphorylation of the Smad1 linker domain increased in Smad3+/-; db/db mice and probucol-treated db/db mice, which was consistent with the attenuation of ECM overproduction. These results indicate that Smad3 expression and activation or probucol treatment alters Smad1 phosphorylation, thus suggesting new molecular mechanisms underlying DN development and progression.
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28
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Liu Z, Kundu-Roy T, Matsuura I, Wang G, Lin Y, Lou YR, Barnard NJ, Wang XF, Huang MT, Suh N, Liu F. Carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis is accelerated in Smad3 heterozygous mice compared to Smad3 wild type mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64878-64885. [PMID: 27588495 PMCID: PMC5323122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies based on cell culture and xenograft animal models suggest that Smad3 has tumor suppressor function for breast cancer during early stages of tumorigenesis. In this report, we show that DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene), a chemical carcinogen, induces mammary tumor formation at a significantly higher frequency in the Smad3 heterozygous mice than in the Smad3 wild type mice. This is the first genetic evidence showing that Smad3 inhibits mammary tumor formation in a mouse model. Our findings support the notion that Smad3 has important tumor suppressor function for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxue Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,College of Life Science & Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tanima Kundu-Roy
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Isao Matsuura
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Division of Molecular Genomics and Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Guannan Wang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - You-Rong Lou
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicola J Barnard
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mou-Tuan Huang
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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29
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Wang Y, He H, Liyanarachchi S, Genutis LK, Li W, Yu L, Phay JE, Shen R, Brock P, de la Chapelle A. The role of SMAD3 in the genetic predisposition to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Genet Med 2018; 20:927-935. [PMID: 29300379 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and characterize the functional variants, regulatory gene networks, and potential binding targets of SMAD3 in the 15q22 thyroid cancer risk locus. METHODS We performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analyses to fine map the 15q22 locus. Luciferase reporter assays were applied to evaluate the regulatory effects of the candidate variants. Knockdown by small interfering RNA, microarray analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to reveal the regulatory gene network and identify its binding targets. RESULTS We report a 25.6-kb haplotype within SMAD3 containing numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in high LD. SNPs rs17293632 and rs4562997 were identified as functional variants of SMAD3 by luciferase assays within the LD region. These variants regulate SMAD3 transcription in an allele-specific manner through enhancer elements in introns of SMAD3. Knockdown of SMAD3 in thyroid cancer cell lines revealed its regulatory gene network including two upregulated genes, SPRY4 and SPRY4-IT1. Sequence analysis and ChIP assays validated the actual binding of SMAD3 protein to multiple SMAD binding element sites in the region upstream of SPRY4. CONCLUSION Our data provide a functional annotation of the 15q22 thyroid cancer risk locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Wang
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiling He
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luke K Genutis
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Ohio, Columbus, USA
| | - John E Phay
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pamela Brock
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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30
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Down-regulation of TGF-β RII expression is correlated with tumor growth and invasion in non-functioning pituitary adenomas. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 47:264-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Dimopoulos K, Søgaard Helbo A, Fibiger Munch-Petersen H, Sjö L, Christensen J, Sommer Kristensen L, Asmar F, Hermansen NEU, O'Connel C, Gimsing P, Liang G, Grønbaek K. Dual inhibition of DNMTs and EZH2 can overcome both intrinsic and acquired resistance of myeloma cells to IMiDs in a cereblon-independent manner. Mol Oncol 2017; 12:180-195. [PMID: 29130642 PMCID: PMC5792743 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide (also known as IMiDs), have significantly changed the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma, and the recent discovery of cereblon (CRBN) as their direct biological target has led to a deeper understanding of their complex mechanism of action. In an effort to comprehend the precise mechanisms behind the development of IMiD resistance and examine whether it is potentially reversible, we established lenalidomide‐resistant (‐LR) and pomalidomide‐resistant (‐PR) human myeloma cell lines from two IMiD‐sensitive cell lines, OPM2 and NCI‐H929, by continuous culture in the presence of lenalidomide or pomalidomide for 4–6 months, until acquirement of stable resistance. By assessing genome‐wide DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in these cell lines, we found that acquired IMiD resistance is associated with an increase in genome‐wide DNA methylation and an even greater reduction in chromatin accessibility. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that resistant cell lines are mainly characterized by a reduction in gene expression, identifying SMAD3 as a commonly downregulated gene in IMiD‐resistant cell lines. Moreover, we show that these changes are potentially reversible, as combination of 5‐azacytidine and EPZ‐6438 not only restored the observed accessibility changes and the expression of SMAD3, but also resensitized the resistant cells to both lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Interestingly, the resensitization process was independent of CRBN. Our data suggest that simultaneous inhibition of DNA methyl transferases and EZH2 leads to an extensive epigenetic reprogramming which allows myeloma cells to (re)gain sensitivity to IMiDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Søgaard Helbo
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Sjö
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Christensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Sommer Kristensen
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Fazila Asmar
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Casey O'Connel
- Department of Urology and Hematology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Gimsing
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gangning Liang
- Department of Urology and Hematology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Grønbaek
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Zhao X, Li D, Qiu Q, Jiao B, Zhang R, Liu P, Ren R. Zfyve16 regulates the proliferation of B-lymphoid cells. Front Med 2017; 12:559-565. [PMID: 29247407 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Zfyve16 (a.k.a. endofin or endosome-associated FYVE-domain protein), a member of the FYVE-domain protein family, is involved in endosomal trafficking and in TGF-β, BMP, and EGFR signaling. The FYVE protein SARA regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway by recruiting Smad2/3 and accelerating their phosphorylation, thereby altering their susceptibility to TGF-β-mediated T cell suppression. Zfyve16 binds to Smad4 and their binding affects the formation of Smad2/3-Smad4 complex in TGF-β signaling. However, the in vivo function of Zfyve16 remains unknown. In this study, we generated a Zfyve16 knockout mouse strain (Zfyve16KO) and examined its hematopoietic phenotypes and hematopoietic reconstruction ability. The proportion of Tcells in the peripheral blood of Zfyve16KO mice increases compared with that in wild-type mice. This finding is consistent with the role of Zfyve16 in facilitating TGF-β signaling. Unpredictably, B cell proliferation is inhibited in Zfyve16KO mice. The proliferation potential of Zfyve16KO B-lymphoid cells also significantly decreases in vitro. These results suggest that Zfyve16 inhibits the proliferation of T cells, possibly through the TGF-β signaling, but upregulates the proliferation of B-lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donghe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qingsong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of System Biology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
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Naka K, Hirao A. Regulation of Hematopoiesis and Hematological Disease by TGF-β Family Signaling Molecules. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027987. [PMID: 28193723 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the lifetime of an individual, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the homeostasis of normal hematopoiesis through the precise generation of mature blood cells. Numerous genetic studies in mice have shown that stem-cell quiescence is critical for sustaining primitive long-term HSCs in vivo. In this review, we first examine the crucial roles of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related signaling molecules in not only regulating the well-known cytostatic effects of these molecules but also governing the self-renewal capacity of HSCs in their in vivo microenvironmental niche. Second, we discuss the current evidence indicating that TGF-β signaling has a dual function in disorders of the hematopoietic system. In particular, we examine the paradox that, although intrinsic TGF-β signaling is essential for regulating the survival and resistance to therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) stem cells, genetic changes that abrogate TGF-β signaling can lead to the development of several hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Naka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Comprehensive miRNA expression profiling in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by small RNA-sequencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7901. [PMID: 28801656 PMCID: PMC5554241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that can be classified into different molecular genetic subtypes according to their mRNA gene expression profile. In this study, we applied RNA sequencing to investigate the full spectrum of miRNA expression in primary T-ALL patient samples, T-ALL leukemia cell lines and healthy donor thymocytes. Notably, this analysis revealed that genetic subtypes of human T-ALL also display unique miRNA expression signatures, which are largely conserved in human T-ALL cell lines with corresponding genetic background. Furthermore, small RNA-sequencing also unraveled the variety of isoforms that are expressed for each miRNA in T-ALL and showed that a significant number of miRNAs are actually represented by an alternative isomiR. Finally, comparison of CD34+ and CD4+CD8+ healthy donor thymocytes and T-ALL miRNA profiles allowed identifying several novel miRNAs with putative oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions in T-ALL. Altogether, this study provides a comprehensive overview of miRNA expression in normal and malignant T-cells and sets the stage for functional evaluation of novel miRNAs in T-ALL disease biology.
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Oliveira ML, Akkapeddi P, Alcobia I, Almeida AR, Cardoso BA, Fragoso R, Serafim TL, Barata JT. From the outside, from within: Biological and therapeutic relevance of signal transduction in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Signal 2017. [PMID: 28645565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological cancer that arises from clonal expansion of transformed T-cell precursors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the external stimuli and cell-intrinsic lesions that drive aberrant activation of pivotal, pro-tumoral intracellular signaling pathways in T-cell precursors, driving transformation, leukemia expansion, spread or resistance to therapy. In addition to their pathophysiological relevance, receptors and kinases involved in signal transduction are often attractive candidates for targeted drug development. As such, we discuss also the potential of T-ALL signaling players as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alcobia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Afonso R Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno A Cardoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Fragoso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa L Serafim
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zhao M, Li Y, Wei X, Zhang Q, Jia H, Quan S, Cao D, Wang L, Yang T, Zhao J, Pei M, Tian S, Yu Y, Guo Y, Yang X. Negative immune factors might predominate local tumor immune status and promote carcinogenesis in cervical carcinoma. Virol J 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28086903 PMCID: PMC5237320 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The disequilibrium of local immune microenvironment is an essential element during tumorigenesis. Method By conducting real-time polymerase chain reaction, we identified the mRNA level of immune factors, FoxP3 (forkhead box protein P3), CCL22/CCR4 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22/CC chemokine receptor 4), OX40L/OX40 (tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 4/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4) and Smad3 (SMAD family member 3) in neoplastic foci and its periphery tissues from 30 cases of squamous cervical carcinoma and 20 cases of normal cervix. Result The FoxP3, CCL22 and CCR4 mRNA level in local immune microenvironment of normal cervix was lower than that in cervical cancer. While OX40L, OX40 and Smad3 mRNA level profile in normal cervix was higher than that in cervical cancer. Beyond individual effect, the pairwise positive correlations were demonstrated among the mRNA level of FoxP3, CCL22 and CCR4. The mRNA level of OX40 negatively correlated with CCL22, but positively correlated with Smad3. Moreover, the mRNA level of FoxP3 and CCL22 was increased while Smad3 was decreased in cervical tissue with HPV (human papilloma virus) infection. Conclusion Our data yields insight into the roles of these immune factors in cervical carcinogenesis. It may therefore be that, in microenvironment of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, along with the context of HPV infection, negative immune regulators FoxP3, CCL22 and CCR4 might overwhelm positive immune factors OX40L, OX40 and Smad3, giving rise to an immunosuppressive status and promote the progression of cervical carcinogenesis. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongran Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shimin Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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37
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Establishment of a gastric cancer subline with high metastatic potential using a novel microfluidic system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38376. [PMID: 27917905 PMCID: PMC5137147 DOI: 10.1038/srep38376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is an important hallmark of malignant tumors. In this study, we developed a microfluidic system to screen highly metastatic sublines via differential resolution of cell invasiveness. The system was composed of a PDMS-glass device connected with a syringe pump and a Petri dish. To facilitate the selection process, a long-term cell invasion driving force based on a chemotactic factor gradient was created using the Petri dish-based liquid supply pattern, and the invasive cells were collected for round-by-round selection via an open region in the chip. Using the system, we established an SGC-7901/B2 subline from the human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line by only two rounds of selection. In vitro assays showed that the SGC-7901/B2 cells were superior to the parental cells in proliferation and invasiveness. Furthermore, an in vivo tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that compared with the parental cells, the subline had stronger spontaneous metastatic and proliferative capability, which led to a shorter survival duration. Additionally, the protein expression differences including E-cadherin and Smad3 between the subline and parental cells were revealed. In conclusion, this microfluidic system is a highly effective tool for selecting highly metastatic sublines, and SGC-7901/B2 cells could serve as a potential model for tumor metastasis research.
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38
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Mauri G, Jachetti E, Comuzzi B, Dugo M, Arioli I, Miotti S, Sangaletti S, Di Carlo E, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. Genetic deletion of osteopontin in TRAMP mice skews prostate carcinogenesis from adenocarcinoma to aggressive human-like neuroendocrine cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3905-20. [PMID: 26700622 PMCID: PMC4826179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycoprotein, that belongs to the non-structural extracellular matrix (ECM), and its over expression in human prostate cancer has been associated with disease progression, androgen independence and metastatic ability. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of OPN in prostate tumorigenesis has never been studied. We crossed TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice with OPN deficient (OPN-/-) mice and followed tumor onset and progression in these double mutants. Ultrasound examination detected the early onset of a rapidly growing, homogeneous and spherical tumor in about 60% of OPN-/- TRAMP mice. Such neoplasms seldom occurred in parental TRAMP mice otherwise prone to adenocarcinomas and were characterized for being androgen receptor negative, highly proliferative and endowed with neuroendocrine (NE) features. Gene expression profiling showed up-regulation of genes involved in tumor progression, cell cycle and neuronal differentiation in OPN-deficient versus wild type TRAMP tumors. Down-regulated genes included key genes of TGFa pathway, including SMAD3 and Filamin, which were confirmed at the protein level. Furthermore, NE genes and particularly those characterizing early prostatic lesions of OPN-deficient mice were found to correlate with those of human prostate NE tumours. These data underscore a novel role of OPN in the early stages of prostate cancer growth, protecting against the development of aggressive NE tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mauri
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Comuzzi
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivano Arioli
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Miotti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Medicine, "G. d'Annunzio" University, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Ce.S.I. Aging Research Center, "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Wang G, Yu Y, Sun C, Liu T, Liang T, Zhan L, Lin X, Feng XH. STAT3 selectively interacts with Smad3 to antagonize TGF-β signalling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4388-98. [PMID: 26616859 PMCID: PMC4885808 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Smad and STAT proteins are critical signal transducers and transcription factors in controlling cell growth and tumorigenesis. Here we report that the STAT3 signaling pathway attenuates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced responses through a direct Smad3-STAT3 interplay. Activated STAT3 blunts TGF-β-mediated signaling. Depletion of STAT3 promotes TGF-β-mediated transcriptional and physiological responses, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. STAT3 directly interacts with Smad3 in vivo and in vitro, resulting in attenuation of the Smad3-Smad4 complex formation and suppression of DNA-binding ability of Smad3. The N-terminal region of DNA-binding domain of STAT3 is responsible for the STAT3-Smad3 interaction and also indispensable for STAT3-mediated inhibition of TGF-β signaling. Thus, our finding illustrates a direct crosstalk between the STAT3 and Smad3 signaling pathways that may contribute to tumor development and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohang Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Yu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chuang Sun
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and the Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lixing Zhan
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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Liu C, Li Z, Wu D, Li C, Zhang Y. Smad3 and phospho-Smad3 are potential markers of invasive nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2265-71. [PMID: 27143922 PMCID: PMC4846076 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays important roles in tumor development. Nevertheless, the roles of TGF-β/Smad signaling in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) have not been fully studied. Methods Tumor samples were obtained from patients who had NFPAs and underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery or craniotomy at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from March 2008 to December 2012. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of Smad transducer proteins in NFPAs. Ki-67 was evaluated as an indicator of the proliferative activity of NFPAs. Results A total of 161 patients with NFPAs were identified; 59 (36.6%) had invasive NFPAs and 102 (63.4%) had noninvasive NFPAs. Protein levels of Smad3 and phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3) were significantly lower in patients with invasive NFPAs than in patients with noninvasive NFPAs (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The Ki-67 index was markedly greater in invasive NFPAs than in noninvasive NFPAs (P<0.05) and was significant correlated with p-Smad3 levels (P<0.05, r=−0.702). Conclusion A low level of Smad3 and p-Smad3 proteins was associated with the invasion of NFPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenye Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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41
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TGF-β signaling in the control of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2015; 125:3542-50. [PMID: 25833962 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood is a tissue with high cellular turnover, and its production is a tightly orchestrated process that requires constant replenishment. All mature blood cells are generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are the self-renewing units that sustain lifelong hematopoiesis. HSC behavior, such as self-renewal and quiescence, is regulated by a wide array of factors, including external signaling cues present in the bone marrow. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cytokines constitutes a multifunctional signaling circuitry, which regulates pivotal functions related to cell fate and behavior in virtually all tissues of the body. In the hematopoietic system, TGF-β signaling controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, from homeostasis of the immune system to quiescence and self-renewal of HSCs. Here, we review key features and emerging concepts pertaining to TGF-β and downstream signaling pathways in normal HSC biology, featuring aspects of aging, hematologic disease, and how this circuitry may be exploited for clinical purposes in the future.
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Muñoz NM, Katz LH, Shina JH, Gi YJ, Menon VK, Gagea M, Rashid A, Chen J, Mishra L. Generation of a mouse model of T-cell lymphoma based on chronic LPS challenge and TGF-β signaling disruption. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:348-352. [PMID: 25352951 PMCID: PMC4209606 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease has various manifestations: asymptomatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, which substantially increase the risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a major regulator in chronic liver diseases contributing to all liver disease progression from liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis to HCC. With the aim of generating a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease that would rapidly develop steatosis, inflammation as well as fibrosis, we formulated a regimen that combined chronic injections of low dose (2mg/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with Lieber DeCarli-based diet containing 6.7% ethanol feeding to mice with impaired TGF-β signaling through constitutive disruption of β2-spectrin and/or Smad3. Unexpectedly, the mice treated with chronic low dose LPS and fed the alcohol-containing diet developed very aggressive T-cell lymphomas to which the TGF-β mutant mice succumbed more rapidly than the wild type mice. In contrast, their liver phenotype was mild as they only developed steatosis but not hepatitis or significant fibrosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mouse model of aggressive T- cell lymphoma based on chronic challenge with low dose LPS and TGF-β disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Muñoz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lior H Katz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ji-Hyun Shina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vipin Kumar Menon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhao B, Chen YG. Regulation of TGF-β Signal Transduction. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:874065. [PMID: 25332839 PMCID: PMC4190275 DOI: 10.1155/2014/874065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell plasticity, and migration. TGF-β signaling can be mediated by Smad proteins or other signaling proteins such as MAP kinases and Akt. TGF-β signaling is tightly regulated at different levels along the pathways to ensure its proper physiological functions in different cells and tissues. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling has been associated with various kinds of diseases, such as cancer and tissue fibrosis. This paper focuses on our recent work on regulation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Mansouri-Attia N, Tripurani SK, Gokul N, Piard H, Anderson ML, Eldin K, Pangas SA. TGFβ signaling promotes juvenile granulosa cell tumorigenesis by suppressing apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1887-98. [PMID: 25243859 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes that give rise to granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are not well understood. Previously, we showed that deletion in granulosa cells of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-signaling transcription factors, Smad1 and Smad5, causes development of metastatic granulosa cell tumors that phenocopy the juvenile form of granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs) in humans. The TGFβ-SMAD2/3 pathway is active in JGCTs, but its role is unknown. We tested the in vivo contribution of TGFβ-SMAD signaling to JGCT development by genetically deleting the common Smad4 from Smad1/5 double knockout mice. Smad1/5/4 triple knockout mice were sterile and had significantly increased survival and delayed tumor development compared to those for the Smad1/5 double knockout mice. The few tumors that did develop were smaller, showed no evidence of metastasis, and had increased apoptosis. In the human JGCT cell line COV434, TGFβ1 increased viability by inhibiting apoptosis through a TGFβ type I receptor-dependent repression of caspase activity and inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. These data support a tumor-promoting function of TGFβ in JGCTs through its ability to repress apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadéra Mansouri-Attia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (N.M.-A., S.K.T., H.P., M.L.A., K.E., S.A.P.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.A.), Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology (N.G.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (S.A.P.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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The expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, phospho-Smad3 and Smad7 is correlated with the development and invasion of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. J Transl Med 2014; 12:71. [PMID: 24636138 PMCID: PMC3995298 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling functions as a suppressor or a promoter in tumor development, depending on the tumor stage and type. However, the role of TGF-β signaling in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) has not been explored. Methods TGF-β1, Smad2, phospho-Smad2 (p-Smad2), Smad3, phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3), Smad4, and Smad7 were detected in 5 cases of normal anterior pituitaries, 29 cases of invasive NFPAs, and 21 cases of noninvasive NFPAs by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The Smad3 and p-Smad3 protein levels gradually decreased from normal anterior pituitaries, noninvasive NFPAs, to invasive NFPAs. However, there were no significant differences in Smad2 (P = 0.122) and p-Smad2 protein levels (P = 0.101) or Smad2 mRNA level (P = 0.409). In addition, the TGF-β1 mRNA level gradually decreased while the Smad7 mRNA level gradually increased from normal anterior pituitaries, noninvasive NFPAs, to invasive NFPAs. Furthermore, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA level was markedly increased in invasive NFPAs compared to noninvasive ones (P < 0.01), and its level was negatively correlated with Smad3 mRNA level (P < 0.01). Conclusion The activity of TGF-β signaling may be restrained in NFPAs and is correlated with the development and invasion of NFPAs.
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Zhong Q, Wang T, Lu P, Zhang R, Zou J, Yuan S. miR-193b promotes cell proliferation by targeting Smad3 in human glioma. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:619-26. [PMID: 24496888 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that several miRNAs play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular processes in gliomas. In these reports, upregulation of miR-193b has been found to be associated with a poor prognosis for glioma, but its functional mechanism in glioma remains unclear. This study investigates the roles of miR-193b in glioma tumor growth. We first showed that the expression of miR-193b was elevated in both glioma samples and glioma cells. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-193b by inhibitors was statistically correlated with a decrease in cell growth and a restored G1 accumulation. Luciferase assay and Western blot analysis revealed that Smad3 is a direct target of miR-193b. To prove that miR-193b regulated cell growth through the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway in glioma cells by regulating Smad3, we tested endogenous targets of the TGF-β pathway by measuring the accumulation of p21 mRNAs after downregulation of miR-193b. The results confirmed that induction of p21 was promoted by miR-193b inhibitors in glioma cells, although this induction disappeared when Smad3 was knocked down with siRNA. Moreover, downregulation of Smad3 mitigates the miR-193b suppression of glioma proliferation. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-193b regulated cell growth in glioma through the TGF-β pathway by regulating Smad3. Thus, our study indicates that miR-193b promotes cell proliferation by targeting Smad3 in human glioma, which may serve as a potentially useful target for development of miRNA-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of Chinese PLA, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Śledzińska A, Hemmers S, Mair F, Gorka O, Ruland J, Fairbairn L, Nissler A, Müller W, Waisman A, Becher B, Buch T. TGF-β signalling is required for CD4⁺ T cell homeostasis but dispensable for regulatory T cell function. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001674. [PMID: 24115907 PMCID: PMC3792861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling by the cytokine TGF-β regulates mature CD4+ T cell populations but is not involved in the survival and function of regulatory T cells. TGF-β is widely held to be critical for the maintenance and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells and thus peripheral tolerance. This is highlighted by constitutive ablation of TGF-β receptor (TR) during thymic development in mice, which leads to a lethal autoimmune syndrome. Here we describe that TGF-β–driven peripheral tolerance is not regulated by TGF-β signalling on mature CD4+ T cells. Inducible TR2 ablation specifically on CD4+ T cells did not result in a lethal autoinflammation. Transfer of these TR2-deficient CD4+ T cells to lymphopenic recipients resulted in colitis, but not overt autoimmunity. In contrast, thymic ablation of TR2 in combination with lymphopenia led to lethal multi-organ inflammation. Interestingly, deletion of TR2 on mature CD4+ T cells does not result in the collapse of the Treg cell population as observed in constitutive models. Instead, a pronounced enlargement of both regulatory and effector memory T cell pools was observed. This expansion is cell-intrinsic and seems to be caused by increased T cell receptor sensitivity independently of common gamma chain-dependent cytokine signals. The expression of Foxp3 and other regulatory T cells markers was not dependent on TGF-β signalling and the TR2–deficient Treg cells retained their suppressive function both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, absence of TGF-β signalling on mature CD4+ T cells is not responsible for breakdown of peripheral tolerance, but rather controls homeostasis of mature T cells in adult mice. TGF-β is a cytokine thought to be critical for the maintenance and function of tolerance in the immune system. In many studies the disruption of TGF-β signalling in CD4+ T cells (a type of white blood cell that coordinates immune responses) has resulted in autoimmune syndromes. We show here that the induced removal of this cytokine's receptor from these specialised blood cells results in an astonishingly mild outcome. Contrary to expectations, the number of regulatory T cells is actually increased, and we find that these cells are not dependent on TGF-β signalling. We also show that removal of the receptor from mature CD4+ T cells does not lead to lethal autoinflammation; only when we removed the receptor during development of the cells did we see the characteristic lethal multi-organ inflammation reported previously in constitutive models of TGF-β receptor ablation. In summary, our findings indicate that although TGF-β regulates maintenance of mature CD4+ T cells, its signals are dispensable for immune tolerance within this cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śledzińska
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Hemmers
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Clinical Chemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Clinical Chemistry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Lynsey Fairbairn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Anja Nissler
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Müller
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (TB); (BB)
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany
- * E-mail: (TB); (BB)
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Li P, Chen Y, Meng X, Kwok KY, Huang X, Choy KW, Wang CC, Lan H, Yuan P. Suppression of malignancy by Smad3 in mouse embryonic stem cell formed teratoma. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:709-20. [PMID: 23794057 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease associated gene deficient embryonic stem cells can serve as valuable in vitro models to study disease mechanisms and screen drugs. Smad3 mediated TGF-β/Activin/Nodal signaling plays important roles in many biological processes. Despite numerous studies regarding Smad3 function, the role of Smad3 in mouse ES cells is not well studied. To understand the function of Smad3 in mouse ES cells, we derived Smad3-/- ES cells and wild type ES cells. Smad3-/- ES cells display no defect on self-renewal. They express similar level of pluripotent genes and lineage genes compared to wild type ES cells. However, Smad3 ablation results in transient difference in germ layer marker expression during embryoid body formation. Mesoderm lineage marker expression is significantly reduced in the embryoid body formed by Smad3-/- ES cells compared to wild type ES cells. Intriguingly, subcutaneous injection of Smad3-/- ES cells into nude mice leads to formation of malignant immature teratomas, whilst wild type ES cells tend to form mature teratomas. Smad3-/- ES cell formed teratomas can therefore provide a new model for the study of the mechanism of malignant teratomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Altomare D, Velidandla R, Pirisi L, Creek KE. Partial loss of Smad signaling during in vitro progression of HPV16-immortalized human keratinocytes. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:424. [PMID: 24047375 PMCID: PMC3848426 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disruption of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is observed in many cancers, including cervical cancer, resulting in TGF-β resistance. While normal human keratinocytes (HKc) and human papillomavirus type 16-immortalized HKc (HKc/HPV16) are sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF-β, HKc/HPV16 develop resistance to TGF-β1 as they progress in vitro to a differentiation resistant phenotype (HKc/DR). The loss of sensitivity to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β1 in HKc/DR is due, at least partially, to decreased expression of the TGF-β receptor type I. In the present study, we explored in detail whether alterations in Smad protein levels, Smad phosphorylation, or nuclear localization of Smads in response to TGF-β could contribute to the development of TGF-β resistance during in vitro progression of HKc/HPV16, and whether TGF-β induction of a Smad-responsive reporter gene was altered in HKc/DR. Methods Western blot analysis was used to assess Smad protein levels. In order to study Smad nuclear localization we performed indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, we determined Smad-mediated TGF-β signaling using a luciferase reporter construct. Results We did not find a decrease in protein levels of Smad2, Smad3 or Smad4, or an increase in the inhibitory Smad7 that paralleled the loss of sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF-β1 observed in HKc/DR. However, we found diminished Smad2 phosphorylation, and delayed nuclear Smad3 localization in response to TGF-β1 in HKc/DR, compared to normal HKc and TGF-β sensitive HKc/HPV16. In addition, we determined that TGF-β1 induction of a Smad responsive promoter is reduced by about 50% in HKc/DR, compared to HKc/HPV16. Conclusions These results demonstrate that alterations in Smad protein levels are not associated with the loss of response to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β in HKc/DR, but that diminished and delayed Smad phosphorylation and nuclear localization, and decreased Smad signaling occur in response to TGF-β in HKc/DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Wu ZB, Cai L, Lin SJ, Lu JL, Yao Y, Zhou LF. The miR-92b functions as a potential oncogene by targeting on Smad3 in glioblastomas. Brain Res 2013; 1529:16-25. [PMID: 23892108 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs(miR) play an important role in cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, which can function either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors in their effect on tumor growth. Smad3 is often underexpressed in very diverse types of malignant tumors and has an important tumor suppressive function; however, the underlying mechanism in solid cancer including glioblastomas(GBM) is not fully explored. The aim of this study is to explore the role of miR-92b in regulation of smad3 in GBM. In our study, we found that miR-92b expression was significantly increased in GBM tissues compared with normal brain tissues by Q-RT-PCR and in situ hybridization (P<0.01). However, expression of smad3 in GBM samples was significantly reduced compared with normal brain tissues by western blot and immunohistochemistry (P<0.05). Using 3'UTR luciferase reporter gene assay, we found that miR-92b directly affected smad3 expression in GBM cells by targeting the 3'-untranslated region. Silencing of miR-92b was able to significantly inhibit the viability of GBM cells in three GBM cell lines through up-regulating the TGF-beta/smad3/p21 signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, the tumor growth and the weight of U87 cells in the miR-92b inhibitor group were significantly inhibited when compared with that of the control group in vivo. Our data demonstrated that miR-92b may be considered as a tumor oncogene to promote GBM cell proliferation, and thus may serve as a potentially useful target for development of miRNA-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12# Wulumuqi middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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