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Martínez-Torres NI, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Torres-Mendoza BM. Acute Combined Cerebrolysin and Nicotinamide Administration Promote Cognitive Recovery Through Neuronal Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Neuroscience 2024; 549:76-83. [PMID: 38734304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, where the Hippocampus (HPC) is affected. HPC organizes memory, which is a cognitive domain compromised after a stroke, where cerebrolysin (CBL) and Nicotinamide (NAM) have been recognized as potentially therapeutic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combined administration of CBL and NAM in a rat stroke model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into four groups: saline (pMCAO - Saline), CBL (pMCAO + CBL), NAM (pMCAO + NAM), and experimental (pMCAO + CBL-NAM) (n = 9 per group). A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was induced through electrocauterization of the middle cerebral artery, followed by the administration of CBL (2.5 ml/kg), NAM (500 mg/kg) or combined immediately after skin suture, as well as at 24, 48, and 72 h post-surgery. The rats were evaluated in the novel object recognition test; hippocampal infarct area measurement; reconstruction of neurons from CA1 for Sholl analysis; and, measurement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels near the infarct zone. Our findings revealed that the administration of CBL or NAM induced infarct reduction, improved cognition, and increased BDNF levels. Moreover, a combination of CBL and NAM increased dendritic intersection in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, the combined administration of CBL and NAM can promote cognitive recovery after a stroke, with infarct reduction, cytoarchitectural changes in HPC CA1 neurons, and BDNF increase. Our findings suggest that this combination therapy could be a promising intervention strategy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor I Martínez-Torres
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario del Norte, Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Disciplinas Filósofico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Disciplinas Filósofico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Jáuregui-Renaud K, García-Jacuinde DM, Bárcenas-Olvera SP, Gresty MA, Gutiérrez-Márquez A. Spatial anxiety contributes to the dizziness-related handicap of adults with peripheral vestibular disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1365745. [PMID: 38633539 PMCID: PMC11022853 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1365745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In subjects with peripheral vestibular disease and controls, we assessed: 1. The relationship between spatial anxiety and perceived stress, and 2. The combined contribution of spatial anxiety, spatial perspective-taking, and individual cofactors to dizziness-related handicap. 309 adults participated in the study (153 with and 156 without peripheral vestibular disease), including patients with bilateral vestibular deficiency, unilateral deficiency (evolution <3 or ≥3 months), Meniere's disease, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Assessments included: general health, personal habits, spatial anxiety (3-domains), perceived stress, spatial perspective-taking, dizziness-related handicap (3-domains), unsteadiness, sleep quality, motion sickness susceptibility, trait anxiety/depression, state anxiety, depersonalization/derealization. After bivariate analyses, analysis of covariance was performed (p ≤ 0.05). Spatial anxiety was related to unsteadiness and perceived stress, with an inverse relationship with trait anxiety (ANCoVA, adjusted R2 = 0.27-0.30, F = 17.945-20.086, p < 0.00001). Variability on perspective-taking was related to vestibular disease, trait and state anxiety, motion sickness susceptibility, and age (ANCoVA, adjusted R2 = 0.18, F = 5.834, p < 0.00001). All domains of spatial anxiety contributed to the Physical domain of dizziness-related handicap, while the Navigation domain contributed to the Functional domain of handicap. Handicap variability was also related to unsteadiness, spatial perspective-taking, quality of sleep, and trait anxiety/depression (ANCoVA, adjusted R2 = 0.66, F = 39.07, p < 0.00001). Spatial anxiety is related to perceived stress in adults both with and without vestibular disease, subjects with trait anxiety rated lower on spatial anxiety. State anxiety and acute stress could be helpful for recovery after peripheral vestibular lesion. Spatial anxiety and perspective-taking contribute to the Physical and Functional domains of dizziness-related handicap, possibly because it discourages behavior beneficial to adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Jáuregui-Renaud
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Otoneurología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Maria García-Jacuinde
- Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Simón Pedro Bárcenas-Olvera
- Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael A. Gresty
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aralia Gutiérrez-Márquez
- Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General del Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Martínez-Torres NI, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Vázquez-Torres BM, Torres-Mendoza BM. Environmental enrichment and cerebrolysin improve motor and cognitive performance in a rat model of stroke, in conjunction with an increase in hippocampal AMPA but not NMDA receptor subunits. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148694. [PMID: 38048977 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a pathology related to the vascular system in the brain and it is one of the main causes of disability, representing a burden on public health. This lesion provokes a disorganization of sensory-motor and cognitive systems, the latter associated with hippocampal activity, a structure in which α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are important for the integration of information. Several molecules have been studied for their capacity to enhance recovery from a stroke, including cerebrolysin that could potentially be reinforced by environmental enrichment. Here, stroke was induced in 40 male rats and 24 h later, they were administered cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg), put in an environmentally enriched arena or given both treatments, for 10 days. Subsequently, motor functioning was assessed with the Bederson test and the cognitive domain was assessed through novel object recognition. Hematoxylin/eosin staining was then used to assess the infarct size, and AMPA-GRIA1 and NMDA-R1 subunits in the hippocampus were measured by ELISA. In motor and cognitive performance, the administration of cerebrolysin and environmental enrichment enhanced recovery. Moreover, the infarct size decreased in all the groups that received a treatment, but an increase occurred in AMPA-GRIA1 only in experimental group regarding to control group, while NMDA-R1 had no differences. These results suggest that cerebrolysin and environmental enrichment could act in synergy to recover after a stroke, leading to a smaller infarct area and the presence of more AMPA-GRIA1 subunits in the hippocampus of experimental group. These data encourage further studies in which neurorehabilitation approaches can be combined with cerebrolysin administration to treat the motor and cognitive symptoms of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor I Martínez-Torres
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico; Centro Universitario del Norte, Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable. Universidad de Guadalajara. Colotlán, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Disciplinas Filósofico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales. Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | | | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Disciplinas Filósofico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales. Universidad de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico.
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Ali Vafaei A, Nazari M, Omoumi S, Rashidy-Pour A, Raise-Abdullahi P. Corticosterone injection into the basolateral amygdala before and after memory reactivation impairs the subsequent expression of fear memory in rats: An interaction of glucocorticoids and β-adrenoceptors. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107829. [PMID: 37734437 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid administration, before or after fear memory reactivation, impairs subsequent fear memory expression, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study examined the role of basolateral amygdala (BLA) β-adrenoceptors in the effects of intra-BLA corticosterone injection on fear memory in rats. Bilateral cannulae were implanted in the BLA of Wistar male rats. The rats were trained and tested using an inhibitory avoidance task (1 mA footshock for 3 s). Forty-eight hours after training, corticosterone (CORT, 5, 10, or 20 ng/0.5 µl/side) and the β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (CLEN, 10 or 20 ng/0.5 µl/side) or the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PROP, 250 or 500 ng/0.5 µl/side) were injected into the BLA before or right after memory reactivation (retrieval, Test 1). We performed subsequent tests 2 (Test 2), 5 (Test 3), 7 (Test 4), and 9 (Test 5) days after Test 1. The results demonstrated that CORT injection before Test 1 disrupted memory retrieval and reduced fear expression in Tests 2-5, possibly due to enhanced extinction or impaired reconsolidation. CORT injection after Test 1 also impaired reconsolidation and reduced fear expression in Tests 2-5. CLEN prevented, but PROP exacerbated, the effects of CORT on fear expression. The reminder shock did not recover fear memory in CORT-treated animals, suggesting that reconsolidation, not extinction, was affected. These results indicate that glucocorticoids and β-adrenoceptors in the BLA jointly modulate fear memory reconsolidation and expression. Comprehending the neurobiology of stress and the impact of glucocorticoids on fear memory may lead to new treatments for stress and trauma-induced disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Samira Omoumi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Sherman BE, Harris BB, Turk-Browne NB, Sinha R, Goldfarb EV. Hippocampal Mechanisms Support Cortisol-Induced Memory Enhancements. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7198-7212. [PMID: 37813570 PMCID: PMC10601369 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0916-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced memory enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol can negatively affect the hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory encoding. To resolve this apparent conflict and determine whether and how the hippocampus supports memory encoding under cortisol, we combined behavioral assays of associative memory, high-resolution fMRI, and pharmacological manipulation of cortisol in a within-participant, double-blinded procedure (in both sexes). Behaviorally, hydrocortisone promoted the encoding of subjectively arousing, positive associative memories. Neurally, hydrocortisone led to enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions, which predicted subsequent memory enhancements for emotional associations. Cortisol also modified the relationship between hippocampal representations and associative memory: whereas hippocampal signatures of distinctiveness predicted memory under placebo, relative integration predicted memory under cortisol. Together, these data provide novel evidence that the human hippocampus contains the necessary machinery to support emotional associative memory enhancements under cortisol.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our daily lives are filled with stressful events, which powerfully shape the way we form episodic memories. For example, stress and stress-related hormones can enhance our memory for emotional events. However, the mechanisms underlying these memory benefits are unclear. In the current study, we combined functional neuroimaging, behavioral tests of memory, and double-blind, placebo-controlled hydrocortisone administration to uncover the effects of the stress-related hormone cortisol on the function of the human hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory. We identified novel ways in which cortisol can enhance hippocampal function to promote emotional memories, highlighting the adaptive role of cortisol in shaping memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn E Sherman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Bailey B Harris
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Nicholas B Turk-Browne
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06477
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Koszałka A, Lustyk K, Pytka K. Sex-dependent differences in animal cognition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105374. [PMID: 37634555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The differences in cognitive processes driven by biological sex are the issues that have gotten growing attention recently. Considering the increasing population suffering from various cognitive impairments and the development of therapeutic strategies, it is essential that we recognize the mechanisms responsible for discrepancies observed in male and female learning and memory functions. In this review, we discuss recent reports from preclinical studies on rodents regarding selected cognitive domains to explore the state of knowledge on sex-dependent differences and point to challenges encountered during such research. We focus on spatial, recognition, and emotional memory, as well as on executive functions, such as attention, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. This review will help to acknowledge sex-related differences in cognition and indicate some fields that lack sufficient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Koszałka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Św. Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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Peng J, He Y, He J, Zhang J, Yu Z, Xia Y. GPR30 agonist G1 combined with hypothermia alleviates cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3204. [PMID: 37548479 PMCID: PMC10570468 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 combined with hypothermia (HT) on cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. METHODS Fifty male rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Sham group, SAH group, SAH + G1 group, SAH + HT group, and SAH + G1 + HT group. The SAH rat model was established by modified endovascular puncture in all groups except the Sham group. Neurological function after the operation was assessed by Garcia scoring. The degree of rat cerebral edema was determined using dry-wet weighing method on the 28th day after operation. Moreover, the behavioral test was performed on rats on the 4th and 28th days after operation. RESULTS Compared with Sham group, the Garcia score of each SAH rat model group decreased significantly on the first day and thereafter increased gradually. However, the recovery rate of each treatment group was higher than the SAH group (no treatment), and the Garcia score of SAH + G1 + HT group was much higher than the SAH group on the seventh day after operation. In addition, each treatment group could obviously reduce the cerebral edema degree of SAH rats, among which rats in SAH + G1 + HT group had lower cerebral edema degree than SAH + G1 group and SAH + HT group. Behavioral test results showed that the combination of GPR30 agonist G1 and HT markedly improved the learning and memory ability of SAH rats, alleviated their anxiety- and emotion-related behavior, and enhanced their social interaction. CONCLUSION GPR30 agonist G1 combined with HT reduces cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior in rats with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of neurosurgeryHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainanChina
| | - Yang He
- Department of NeurologyHainan Medical College First Affiliated HospitalHaikouHainanChina
| | - Jun He
- Department of neurosurgeryHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainanChina
| | - Ji‐kun Zhang
- Department of neurosurgeryHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainanChina
| | - Zheng‐tao Yu
- Department of neurosurgeryHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainanChina
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of neurosurgeryHaikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of MedicineHaikouHainanChina
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Li D, Liu S, Yu T, Liu Z, Sun S, Bragin D, Shirokov A, Navolokin N, Bragina O, Hu Z, Kurths J, Fedosov I, Blokhina I, Dubrovski A, Khorovodov A, Terskov A, Tzoy M, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Photostimulation of brain lymphatics in male newborn and adult rodents for therapy of intraventricular hemorrhage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6104. [PMID: 37775549 PMCID: PMC10541888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the most fatal forms of brain injury that is a common complication of premature infants. However, the therapy of this type of hemorrhage is limited, and new strategies are needed to reduce hematoma expansion. Here we show that the meningeal lymphatics is a pathway to remove red blood cells from the brain's ventricular system of male human, adult and newborn rodents and is a target for non-invasive transcranial near infrared photobiomodulation. Our results uncover the clinical significance of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage in 4-day old male rat pups that have the brain similar to a preterm human brain. The course of phototherapy in newborn rats provides fast recovery after intraventricular hemorrhage due to photo-improvements of lymphatic drainage and clearing functions. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage that can be a clinically relevant technology for treatment of neonatal intracerebral bleedings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Optical Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhang Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Silin Sun
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Denis Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
- Department of Neurology University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya str., 112, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Olga Bragina
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Zhengwu Hu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Optical Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 2, building 4, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Inna Blokhina
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | | | | | - Andrey Terskov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Maria Tzoy
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str., 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
- Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Ko B, Yoo JY, Yoo T, Choi W, Dogan R, Sung K, Um D, Lee SB, Kim HJ, Lee S, Beak ST, Park SK, Paik SB, Kim TK, Kim JH. Npas4-mediated dopaminergic regulation of safety memory consolidation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112678. [PMID: 37379214 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amygdala circuitry encodes associations between conditioned stimuli and aversive unconditioned stimuli and also controls fear expression. However, whether and how non-threatening information for unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS-) is discretely processed remains unknown. The fear expression toward CS- is robust immediately after fear conditioning but then becomes negligible after memory consolidation. The synaptic plasticity of the neural pathway from the lateral to the anterior basal amygdala gates the fear expression of CS-, depending upon neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4)-mediated dopamine receptor D4 (Drd4) synthesis, which is precluded by stress exposure or corticosterone injection. Herein, we show cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the non-threatening (safety) memory consolidation, supporting the fear discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- BumJin Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumeysa Dogan
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibong Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahun Um
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Beak
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Bum Paik
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Vlasov I, Filatova E, Slominsky P, Shadrina M. Differential expression of Dusp1 and immediate early response genes in the hippocampus of rats, subjected to forced swim test. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9985. [PMID: 37340011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The forced swim test (FST) is widely used to screen for potential antidepressant drugs and treatments. Despite this, the nature of stillness during FST and whether it resembles "depressive-like behavior" are widely debated issues. Furthermore, despite being widely used as a behavioral assay, the effects of the FST on the brain transcriptome are rarely investigated. Therefore, in this study we have investigated changes in the transcriptome of the rat hippocampus 20 min and 24 h after FST exposure. RNA-Seq is performed on the hippocampus tissues of rats 20 min and 24 h after an FST. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using limma and used to construct gene interaction networks. Fourteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified only in the 20-m group. No DEGs were identified 24 h after the FST. These genes were used for Gene Ontology term enrichment and gene-network construction. Based on the constructed gene-interaction networks, we identified a group of DEGs (Dusp1, Fos, Klf2, Ccn1, and Zfp36) that appeared significant based on multiple methods of downstream analysis. Dusp1 appears especially important, as its role in the pathogenesis of depression has been demonstrated both in various animal models of depression and in patients with depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vlasov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, .
| | - Elena Filatova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute
| | - Petr Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute
| | - Maria Shadrina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute
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11
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Popik B, Talise Knak Guerra K, Griebler Luft J, Schaan Fernandes H, de Oliveira Alvares L. Characterization of deconditioning-update on fear memory attenuation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 202:107763. [PMID: 37169214 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fear memory expression can be attenuated by updating the footshock perception during the plastic state induced by retrieval, from a strong unconditioned stimulus to a very weak one through deconditioning. In this process, the original fear association of the conditioned stimulus with the footshock is substituted by an innocuous stimulus and the animals no longer express a fear response. In the present study, we explore the boundaries of this deconditioning-update strategy by the characterization of this phenomenon. We found that there is an optimal mismatch between the footshock intensity delivered in the training and in the reactivation. Likewise, we characterized the temporal window that the protocol is efficient in hindering fear response. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the limits in which deconditioning acts in attenuating fear memory, so that an optimized protocol using this strategy can be planned in order to deal with emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Popik
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kétlyn Talise Knak Guerra
- Physiology Laboratory, Department Basic Sciences/Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jordana Griebler Luft
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Schaan Fernandes
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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12
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Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Amrani S, Caron L, Théberge M, Turmel A, Lebel M, Menard C. Environmental conditions of recognition memory testing induce neurovascular changes in the hippocampus in a sex-specific manner in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 448:114443. [PMID: 37088405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Experiences are linked to emotions impacting memory consolidation and associated brain neuronal circuits. Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of strong negative emotions affecting memory processes by flashbacks of past traumas. Stress-related memory deficits are also observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). We recently highlighted that sex-specific blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations underlie stress responses in mice and human depression. However, little is known about the relationship between emotional valence, memory encoding and BBB gene expression. Here, we investigated the effects of novel object recognition (NOR) test, an experience considered of neutral emotional valence, on BBB properties in dorsal vs ventral hippocampus (HIPP) in the context of various environmental conditions (arena size, handling, age). The HIPP is a brain area central for learning and memory processes with the dorsal and ventral subregions being associated with working memory vs reference memory retrieval, respectively. Expression of genes related to BBB integrity are altered in line with learning and memory processes in a region- and sex-specific manner. We observed correlations between poor learning, anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone release and changes in BBB-associated gene expression. Comparison of BBB transcriptomes between sexes also revealed profound differences at baseline in both ventral and dorsal HIPP. Finally, we identified circulating vascular biomarkers, such as sE-selectin and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), altered following NOR exposure supporting that recognition memory formation has an impact on the neurovasculature. Although deemed as a neutral valence test, NOR experimental conditions can shift it toward a negative valence, impacting performance and highlighting the need to minimize anxiety when performing this commonly used test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Sara Amrani
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Laurianne Caron
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Mathilde Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Audrey Turmel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada, G1E 1T2.
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13
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Leite JA, Orellana AM, Andreotti DZ, Matumoto AM, de Souza Ports NM, de Sá Lima L, Kawamoto EM, Munhoz CD, Scavone C. Ouabain Reverts CUS-Induced Disruption of the HPA Axis and Avoids Long-Term Spatial Memory Deficits. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041177. [PMID: 37189795 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ouabain (OUA) is a cardiotonic steroid that modulates Na+, K+ -ATPase activity. OUA has been identified as an endogenous substance that is present in human plasma, and it has been shown to be associated with the response to acute stress in both animals and humans. Chronic stress is a major aggravating factor in psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. The present work investigates the effects of the intermittent administration of OUA (1.8 μg/kg) during the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol in a rat's central nervous system (CNS). The results suggest that the intermittent OUA treatment reversed CUS-induced HPA axis hyperactivity through a reduction in (i) glucocorticoids levels, (ii) CRH-CRHR1 expression, and by decreasing neuroinflammation with a reduction in iNOS activity, without interfering with the expression of antioxidant enzymes. These changes in both the hypothalamus and hippocampus may reflect in the rapid extinction of aversive memory. The present data demonstrate the ability of OUA to modulate the HPA axis, as well as to revert CUS-induced long-term spatial memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Orellana
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Midori Matumoto
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa de Sá Lima
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Departament of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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14
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Sherman BE, Harris BB, Turk-Browne NB, Sinha R, Goldfarb EV. Hippocampal mechanisms support cortisol-induced memory enhancements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527745. [PMID: 36798309 PMCID: PMC9934703 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress can powerfully influence episodic memory, often enhancing memory encoding for emotionally salient information. These stress-induced memory enhancements stand at odds with demonstrations that stress and the stress-related hormone cortisol can negatively affect the hippocampus, a brain region important for episodic memory encoding. To resolve this apparent conflict and determine whether and how the hippocampus supports memory encoding under cortisol, we combined behavioral assays of associative memory, high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and pharmacological manipulation of cortisol in a within-participant, double-blinded procedure. Hydrocortisone led to enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampal subregions, which predicted subsequent memory enhancements for emotional information. Cortisol also modified the relationship between hippocampal representations and memory: whereas hippocampal signatures of distinctiveness predicted memory under placebo, relative integration predicted memory under cortisol. Together, these data provide novel evidence that the human hippocampus contains the necessary machinery to support emotional memory enhancements under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University
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15
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Jiang A, Zhou C, Samsom J, Yan S, Yu DZ, Jia ZP, Wong AHC, Liu F. The GR-FKBP51 interaction modulates fear memory but not spatial or recognition memory. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110604. [PMID: 35839967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) forms a protein complex with FKBP51 that is increased in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and by fear conditioned learning. Disrupting the GR-FKBP51 complex with a synthetic peptide can block the storage or retrieval of fear conditioned memories, which could be a novel approach to the alleviate fear associated memory in PTSD. However, a potential unacceptable side effect could be the impairment of other types of memory. Thus, we investigated the effect of disrupting the GR-FKBP51 complex on recognition memory using the novel object and displaced object recognition tasks, spatial memory in the Morris water maze, and on social interaction in Crawley's three-chamber social interaction test. We did not observe adverse effects on these other types of memory and conclude that the GR-FKBP51 interaction remains a promising target for treating psychiatric disorders characterized by unwanted aversive memories such as in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Jiang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - James Samsom
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Shuxin Yan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Dian Zheng Yu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Zheng-Ping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., M5G 1X8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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16
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Ho TJ, Goswami D, Kuo WW, Kuo CH, Yen SC, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Hsieh DJY, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Artemisia argyi exhibits anti-aging effects through decreasing the senescence in aging stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6187-6201. [PMID: 35951373 PMCID: PMC9417221 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by functional loss of many cellular pathways, creating an increased risk of many age-related complications (ARC). Aging causes stem cell exhaustion with a concomitant increase in cellular dysfunction. Recently, interest in senotherapeutics has been growing rapidly to promote healthy aging and as an intervention for ARCs. This research focused on screening the senomorphic properties of Artemisia argyi, as an emerging strategy for longevity, and prevention or treatment of ARCs. In this study, we aimed to find the clinical efficacy of daily consumption of Artemisia argyi water extract (AAW) on aging. In vitro 0.1μM Doxorubicin induced senescent human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells was treated with different concentrations of AAW to show its anti-aging effect. 15 months old SHR rats (n=6) were treated with 7.9 mg/ml AAW for 4 weeks and anti-aging effect was evaluated. In vitro study showed the protective effect of AAW in telomere shortening and helps in maintaining a balance in the expression of anti-aging protein Klotho and TERT. AAW effectively reduced mitochondrial superoxide and also provided a protective shield against senescence markers like over-expression of p21 and formation of double strand breaks, which is known to cause premature aging. Moreover, animal studies indicated that AAW promoted the expression of Klotho in naturally aging rats. In addition, AAW successfully restored the decline cardiac function and improved the grip strength and memory of aging rat. These findings showed that therapeutic targeting of senescent stem cells by AAW restored stem cell homeostasis and improves overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Debakshee Goswami
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Shih Cheng Yen
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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17
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Costa CS, Oliveira AWC, Easton A, Barros M. A single brief stressful event time-dependently affects object recognition memory and promotes familiarity preference in marmoset monkeys. Behav Processes 2022; 199:104645. [PMID: 35489542 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A stressful experience can enhance information storage and impair memory retrieval in the rodent novel object recognition (NOR) task. However, recent conflicting results underscore the need for further investigation. Nonhuman primates may provide a unique, underexplored and more translational means to investigate stress-mediated changes in memory. Therefore, we assessed whether a single brief extrinsic stress event affects information encoding, storage and/or retrieval in adult marmoset monkeys submitted to the NOR task. This consisted of an initial 10 min familiarization period with two identical neutral objects. After a 6 h delay, a 10 min test trial was held where a new and familiar object could be explored. Stress was induced by a 15 min restraint event held before or after the encoding phase, or prior to retrieval. Pre-encoding stress had no effect on task performance, as this group displayed above-chance novelty preference similar to non-stressed controls. Post-encoding stress induced memory deficits, with both objects being explored equally. Interestingly, pre-retrieval stress induced an above-chance familiarity preference. A single brief stressful event thus affects recognition memory in a time-dependent manner. Also, negative discrimination ratios can be used as a measure of memory in the NOR task and a change in strategy may not mean memory failure in spontaneous learning paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S Costa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - André W C Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alexander Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Marilia Barros
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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18
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Lengel D, Romm ZL, Bostwick AL, Huh JW, Snyder NW, Smith G, Raghupathi R. Glucocorticoid Receptor Overexpression in the Dorsal Hippocampus Attenuates Spatial Learning and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:979-998. [PMID: 35293260 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children younger than 4 years old leads to long-term deficits in cognitive and learning abilities that can persist or even worsen as children age into adolescence. In this study, the role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) in hippocampal-dependent cognitive function and synaptic plasticity were assessed following injury to the 11-day-old rat. Brain injury produced significant impairments in spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze in male and female rats at 1-month post-injury (adolescence) which was accompanied by impairments in induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the DH. Brain injury resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of the glucocorticoid-inducible gene, serum- and glucocorticoid-kinase 1 (sgk1), suggestive of an impairment in GR transcriptional activity within the hippocampus. Lentiviral transfection of the human GR (hGR) in the DH improved spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze and attenuated LTP deficits following TBI. GR overexpression in the DH was also associated with a significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of sgk1, and the glutamate receptor subunits GluA1 and GluA2 within the hippocampus. Overall, these findings support an important role of dorsal hippocampal GR function in learning and memory deficits following pediatric TBI and suggest that these effects may be related to the regulation of glutamate receptor subunit expression in the DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Lengel
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 12312, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 5925, Neuroscience, New York, New York, United States;
| | - Zoe L Romm
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 12312, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Anna L Bostwick
- Temple University, 6558, Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Jimmy W Huh
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Critical Care Office-7C26, 34th Street & Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104;
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Temple University, 6558, Microbiology and Immunology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - George Smith
- Temple University, 6558, Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Ramesh Raghupathi
- Drexel University, 6527, Neurobiology and Anatomy, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104-2816;
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19
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Schwabe L, Hermans EJ, Joëls M, Roozendaal B. Mechanisms of memory under stress. Neuron 2022; 110:1450-1467. [PMID: 35316661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that stress has a major impact on memory, driven by the concerted action of various stress mediators on the brain. Recent years, however, have seen considerable advances in our understanding of the cellular, neural network, and cognitive mechanisms through which stress alters memory. These novel insights highlight the intricate interplay of multiple stress mediators, including-beyond corticosteroids, catecholamines, and peptides-for instance, endocannabinoids, which results in time-dependent shifts in large-scale neural networks. Such stress-induced network shifts enable highly specific memories of the stressful experience in the long run at the cost of transient impairments in mnemonic flexibility during and shortly after a stressful event. Based on these recent discoveries, we provide a new integrative framework that links the cellular, systems, and cognitive mechanisms underlying acute stress effects on memory processes and points to potential targets for treating aberrant memory in stress-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Erno J Hermans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marian Joëls
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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20
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Vafaei AA, Rashidy-Pour A, Trahomi P, Omoumi S, Dadkhah M. Role of Amygdala-Infralimbic Cortex Circuitry in Glucocorticoid-induced Facilitation of Auditory Fear Memory Extinction. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:193-205. [PMID: 36425953 PMCID: PMC9682312 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2161.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and infralimbic area (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are two interconnected brain structures that mediate both fear memory expression and extinction. Besides the well-known role of the BLA in the acquisition and expression of fear memory, projections from IL to BLA inhibit fear expression and have a critical role in fear extinction. However, the details of IL-BLA interaction have remained unclear. Here, we investigated the role of functional reciprocal interactions between BLA and IL in mediating fear memory extinction. METHODS Using lidocaine (LID), male rats underwent unilateral or bilateral inactivation of the BLA and then unilateral intra-IL infusion of corticosterone (CORT) prior to extinction training of the auditory fear conditioning paradigm. Freezing behavior was reported as an index for conditioned fear. Infusions were performed before the extinction training, allowing us to examine the effects on fear expression and further extinction memory. Experiments 1-3 investigated the effects of left or right infusion of CORT into IL and LID unilaterally into BLA on fear memory extinction. RESULTS Intra-IL infusion of CORT in the right hemisphere reduced freezing behavior when administrated before the extinction training. Auditory fear memory extinction was impaired by asymmetric inactivation of BLA and CORT infusion in the right IL; however, the same effect was not observed with symmetric inactivation of BLA. CONCLUSION IL-BLA neural circuit may provide additional evidence for the contribution of this circuit to auditory fear extinction. This study demonstrates dissociable roles for right or left BLA in subserving the auditory fear extinction. Our finding also raises the possibility that left BLA-IL circuitry may mediate auditory fear memory extinction via underlying mechanisms. However, further research is required in this area. HIGHLIGHTS Corticosterone infusion in the right (but not the left) infralimbic area facilitates auditory fear memory extinction.Corticosterone infusion in the right infralimbic area following symmetric basolateral amygdala inactivation has no effect on auditory fear memory extinction.Asymmetric basolateral amygdala inactivation prior to corticosterone infusion into the right infralimbic area impairs auditory fear memory extinction. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Previous studies have established that glucocorticoids, which are released in stressful conditions, enhance fear memory extinction. In this study, we found that corticosterone infusion into the right infralimbic area, but not the left one, facilitates auditory fear memory extinction. The effect of corticosterone infusion in the infralimbic area was not blocked by the intra-basolateral amygdala injections of lidocaine when administrated in the ipsilateral hemisphere. However, asymmetric basolateral amygdala inactivation and corticosterone infusion into the right infralimbic area impairs auditory fear memory extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parnia Trahomi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samira Omoumi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Masoomeh Dadkhah, PhD., Address: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran., Tel: +98 (45) 33522437-39, E-mail:
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21
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Kabel AM, Arab HH, Atef A, Estfanous RS. Omarigliptin/galangin combination mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in rats: Involvement of glucagon-like peptide-1, toll-like receptor-4, apoptosis and Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Life Sci 2022; 295:120396. [PMID: 35157909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this work were to assess the possibility of administration of omarigliptin and/or galangin to combat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats and to explore the possible mechanisms that might contribute to their actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a rat model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation, the changes in the behavioral tests, biochemical parameters, and the histopathological picture were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Administration of either omarigliptin or galangin to LPS-injected rats was able to significantly improve the behavioral changes with restoration of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, decrement of toll-like receptor-4 levels, and amelioration of the neuroinflammation associated with inhibition of apoptosis and restoration of glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in the cerebral tissues. In addition, omarigliptin and/or galangin significantly reduced the levels of phospho-Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) and significantly increased the expression of beclin-1 in the cerebral tissues compared versus the group treated with LPS alone. As a result, these changes were positively reflected on the histopathological and the electron microscopic picture of the cerebral tissues. These beneficial effects were maximally evidenced in rats treated with omarigliptin/galangin combination relative to the use of either omarigliptin or galangin alone. SIGNIFICANCE Omarigliptin/galangin combination might be proposed as a promising therapeutic line for mitigation of the pathophysiologic events of LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kabel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa Atef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Remon S Estfanous
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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22
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The effect of stress and exercise on the learning performance of horses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1918. [PMID: 35121736 PMCID: PMC8816904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic horses are widely used for physically demanding activities but the effect of exercise on their learning abilities has not been explored. Horses are also frequently exposed to stressors that may affect their learning. Stress and exercise result in the release of glucocorticoids, noradrenaline and other neurotransmitters that can influence learning. It is not currently possible to directly measure concentrations of neurotransmitters in the brains of behaving horses, however the inference of neurobiological processes from peripheral markers have been widely used in studies of human cognition. We assigned 41 horses to either ridden exercise, uncontrollable stress or inactivity and evaluated their acquisition of an industry-style aversive instrumental learning task. Exercised horses achieved the learning criterion in the fewest number of trials compared to the stressed and inactive horses whose performance did not differ. The exercised horses’ salivary cortisol concentrations decreased during learning whereas the concentrations of the other groups increased. Spearman’s correlations revealed that horses with the highest cortisol concentrations required the most trials to reach the criterion. We present novel data that exercise prior to learning may enhance the acquisition of learning in horses. Conversely, activities that expose horses to uncontrollable stressors causing strong cortisol release may impair learning. It is proposed that these effects may be due to the influence of neurotransmitters such as cortisol and noradrenaline on brain regions responsible for learning.
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23
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Penzel T, Blokhina I, Khorovodov A, Fedosov I, Yu T, Karandin G, Evsukova A, Elovenko D, Adushkina V, Shirokov A, Dubrovskii A, Terskov A, Navolokin N, Tzoy M, Ageev V, Agranovich I, Telnova V, Tsven A, Kurths J. Night Photostimulation of Clearance of Beta-Amyloid from Mouse Brain: New Strategies in Preventing Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3289. [PMID: 34943796 PMCID: PMC8699220 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, new strategies for the stimulation of Aβ clearance from the brain can be useful in preventing AD. Transcranial photostimulation (PS) is considered a promising method for AD therapy. In our previous studies, we clearly demonstrated the PS-mediated stimulation of lymphatic clearing functions, including Aβ removal from the brain. There is increasing evidence that sleep plays an important role in Aβ clearance. Here, we tested our hypothesis that PS at night can stimulate Aβ clearance from the brain more effectively than PS during the day. Our results on healthy mice show that Aβ clearance from the brain occurs faster at night than during wakefulness. The PS course at night improves memory and reduces Aβ accumulation in the brain of AD mice more effectively than the PS course during the day. Our results suggest that night PS is a more promising candidate as an effective method in preventing AD than daytime PS. These data are an important informative platform for the development of new noninvasive and nonpharmacological technologies for AD therapy as well as for preventing Aβ accumulation in the brain of people with disorder of Aβ metabolism, sleep deficit, elderly age, and jet lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
- Sleep Medicine Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Inna Blokhina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexander Khorovodov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Ivan Fedosov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Georgy Karandin
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Arina Evsukova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Dariya Elovenko
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Viktoria Adushkina
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
- Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Dubrovskii
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Andrey Terskov
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov Medical State University, Kazachaya 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria Tzoy
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Vasily Ageev
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Ilana Agranovich
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Valeria Telnova
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tsven
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 82, 410012 Saratov, Russia; (T.P.); (I.B.); (A.K.); (I.F.); (G.K.); (A.E.); (D.E.); (V.A.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (A.T.); (N.N.); (M.T.); (V.A.); (I.A.); (V.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Complexity Science, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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Smith VM, Watson P, Most SB. Enhanced recognition of emotional images is not affected by post-exposure exercise-induced arousal. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:1056-1066. [PMID: 34623205 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211054950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that aerobic exercise (i.e., exercise aiming to improve cardiovascular fitness) promotes cognition, but the impact on memory specifically, is unclear. There is some evidence to suggest that as little as one session of post-learning exercise benefits memory consolidation. Furthermore, memory may be particularly facilitated by exercise when the individual is emotionally aroused while encoding stimuli. The current study tested whether exercise after exposure to neutral and emotional images improved memory consolidation of the items among university students. Ninety-nine students were randomly instructed to either exercise or not exercise after viewing a set of images that were positive, neutral, and negative in valence, and they were later tested on their memory. Although emotional images were remembered better than non-emotional images, the results suggested that exercise did not influence this effect or enhance consolidation of the items overall. Explanations and implications for these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poppy Watson
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven B Most
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lissner LJ, Wartchow KM, Toniazzo AP, Gonçalves CA, Rodrigues L. Object recognition and Morris water maze to detect cognitive impairment from mild hippocampal damage in rats: A reflection based on the literature and experience. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 210:173273. [PMID: 34536480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Object recognition (OR) and the Morris water maze (MWM) are classical tasks widely used to assess memory parameters and deficits in rodents. Learning processes in both tasks involve integrity of the hippocampus and associated regions, and prefrontal cortex connections. Here, we highlight the idea that these classical tests can be used to indicate memory deficits caused by models of disease that affect hippocampal function in rats, and identify some practical issues of OR and MWM, based on the literature and our experience. Additionally, we have shown that the performance of both tasks does not alter blood levels of corticosterone, considering exposure to a single task. Hence, taking into consideration the difficulties and care required during task execution, the infrastructure needed and the training of the experimenter, we suggest that OR and its variations offer minimal manageable stressful conditions, representing an effective and practical tool for hippocampal-related memory assessment of rats. Thus, OR may provide similar information to that of the MWM, despite controversy regarding hippocampus participation in OR and given due differences in the types of memory evaluated and researchers' objectives. We recommend the observation of some important precautions and details, also based on the literature and our own experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Juliana Lissner
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Toniazzo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Biochemistry Post-Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Moretti RL, Dias EN, Kiel SG, Augusto MCM, Rodrigues PS, Sampaio ACS, Medeiros LS, Martins MFM, Suffredini IB, Cardoso CV, Bondan EF. Behavioral and morphological effects of resveratrol and curcumin in rats submitted to doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:242-250. [PMID: 34536813 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies capable of returning cancer survivors back to their previous quality of life. The present study investigated whether resveratrol (RSV) or curcumin (CUR) administration could affect mnemonic function and brain morphological changes following DOX administration in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: DOX group (2.5 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks, i.p., plus distilled water for 28 days, oral gavage - OG), DOX + RSV group (DOX, 2.5 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks, i.p., plus RSV, 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days, OG), DOX + CUR group (DOX, 2.5 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks, i.p., plus CUR, 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days, OG) and control (CTR) group (0.9% saline solution weekly for 4 weeks, i.p., plus distilled water for 28 days, OG). Behavioral analyses (open field - OF - and the novel object recognition test - NORT) were performed. Brains were collected and analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining techniques and by immunohistochemistry for GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) expression in astrocytes and Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) expression in microglia. DOX-injected rats presented short-term and long-term memory impairments as seen in the NORT at 3 and 24 h after habituation and increased GFAP and Iba1 expression, respectively, in astrocytes and microglia of the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Such cognitive deficits were prevented by CUR at both periods and by RSV at 24 h. DOX-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis were avoided by RSV and CUR. No signs of demyelination or neuronal loss were found in any group. Thus, CUR and RSV prevented memory loss, astrogliosis and microgliosis induced by DOX monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Moretti
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - E N Dias
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Avenida Tenente, Laudelino Ferreira do Amaral, 700, São Paulo, SP, 08060-000, Brazil
| | - S G Kiel
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - M C M Augusto
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - P S Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - A C S Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - L S Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - M F M Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Avenida Tenente, Laudelino Ferreira do Amaral, 700, São Paulo, SP, 08060-000, Brazil
| | - I B Suffredini
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - C V Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil
| | - E F Bondan
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Avenida Tenente, Laudelino Ferreira do Amaral, 700, São Paulo, SP, 08060-000, Brazil.
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Dimanico MM, Klaassen AL, Wang J, Kaeser M, Harvey M, Rasch B, Rainer G. Aspects of tree shrew consolidated sleep structure resemble human sleep. Commun Biol 2021; 4:722. [PMID: 34117351 PMCID: PMC8196209 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding human sleep requires appropriate animal models. Sleep has been extensively studied in rodents, although rodent sleep differs substantially from human sleep. Here we investigate sleep in tree shrews, small diurnal mammals phylogenetically close to primates, and compare it to sleep in rats and humans using electrophysiological recordings from frontal cortex of each species. Tree shrews exhibited consolidated sleep, with a sleep bout duration parameter, τ, uncharacteristically high for a small mammal, and differing substantially from the sleep of rodents that is often punctuated by wakefulness. Two NREM sleep stages were observed in tree shrews: NREM, characterized by high delta waves and spindles, and an intermediate stage (IS-NREM) occurring on NREM to REM transitions and consisting of intermediate delta waves with concomitant theta-alpha activity. While IS-NREM activity was reliable in tree shrews, we could also detect it in human EEG data, on a subset of transitions. Finally, coupling events between sleep spindles and slow waves clustered near the beginning of the sleep period in tree shrews, paralleling humans, whereas they were more evenly distributed in rats. Our results suggest considerable homology of sleep structure between humans and tree shrews despite the large difference in body mass between these species. Dimanico et al investigated sleep in tree shrews using electrophysiological recordings and compared it to equivalent read-outs in rats and humans. They reported that there was considerable homology of sleep structure between humans and tree shrews despite the difference in body mass between these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Dimanico
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Arndt-Lukas Klaassen
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Melanie Kaeser
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Harvey
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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28
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Sanguino‐Gómez J, Buurstede JC, Abiega O, Fitzsimons CP, Lucassen PJ, Eggen BJL, Lesuis SL, Meijer OC, Krugers HJ. An emerging role for microglia in stress‐effects on memory. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2491-2518. [PMID: 33724565 PMCID: PMC9373920 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stressful experiences evoke, among others, a rapid increase in brain (nor)epinephrine (NE) levels and a slower increase in glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) in the brain. Microglia are key regulators of neuronal function and contain receptors for NE and GCs. These brain cells may therefore potentially be involved in modulating stress effects on neuronal function and learning and memory. In this review, we discuss that stress induces (1) an increase in microglial numbers as well as (2) a shift toward a pro‐inflammatory profile. These microglia have (3) impaired crosstalk with neurons and (4) disrupted glutamate signaling. Moreover, microglial immune responses after stress (5) alter the kynurenine pathway through metabolites that impair glutamatergic transmission. All these effects could be involved in the impairments in memory and in synaptic plasticity caused by (prolonged) stress, implicating microglia as a potential novel target in stress‐related memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacobus C. Buurstede
- Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Oihane Abiega
- Brain Plasticity Group SILS‐CNS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity Group SILS‐CNS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group SILS‐CNS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. L. Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems Section Molecular Neurobiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sylvie L. Lesuis
- Brain Plasticity Group SILS‐CNS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Onno C. Meijer
- Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Harm J. Krugers
- Brain Plasticity Group SILS‐CNS University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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29
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Buurstede JC, van Weert LTCM, Colucci P, Gentenaar M, Viho EMG, Koorneef LL, Schoonderwoerd RA, Lanooij SD, Moustakas I, Balog J, Mei H, Kielbasa SM, Campolongo P, Roozendaal B, Meijer OC. Hippocampal glucocorticoid target genes associated with enhancement of memory consolidation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2666-2683. [PMID: 33840130 PMCID: PMC9292385 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids enhance memory consolidation of emotionally arousing events via largely unknown molecular mechanisms. This glucocorticoid effect on the consolidation process also requires central noradrenergic neurotransmission. The intracellular pathways of these two stress mediators converge on two transcription factors: the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and phosphorylated cAMP response element‐binding protein (pCREB). We therefore investigated, in male rats, whether glucocorticoid effects on memory are associated with genomic interactions between the GR and pCREB in the hippocampus. In a two‐by‐two design, object exploration training or no training was combined with post‐training administration of a memory‐enhancing dose of corticosterone or vehicle. Genomic effects were studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP‐seq) of GR and pCREB 45 min after training and transcriptome analysis after 3 hr. Corticosterone administration induced differential GR DNA‐binding and regulation of target genes within the hippocampus, largely independent of training. Training alone did not result in long‐term memory nor did it affect GR or pCREB DNA‐binding and gene expression. No strong evidence was found for an interaction between GR and pCREB. Combination of the GR DNA‐binding and transcriptome data identified a set of novel, likely direct, GR target genes that are candidate mediators of corticosterone effects on memory consolidation. Cell‐specific expression of the identified target genes using single‐cell expression data suggests that the effects of corticosterone reflect in part non‐neuronal cells. Together, our data identified new GR targets associated with memory consolidation that reflect effects in both neuronal and non‐neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus C Buurstede
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa T C M van Weert
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Colucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Max Gentenaar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M G Viho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa L Koorneef
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin A Schoonderwoerd
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne D Lanooij
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Moustakas
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judit Balog
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szymon M Kielbasa
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center of Expertise, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Understanding the dynamic and destiny of memories. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:592-607. [PMID: 33722616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Memory formation enables the retention of life experiences overtime. Based on previously acquired information, organisms can anticipate future events and adjust their behaviors to maximize survival. However, in an ever-changing environment, a memory needs to be malleable to maintain its relevance. In fact, substantial evidence suggests that a consolidated memory can become labile and susceptible to modifications after being reactivated, a process termed reconsolidation. When an extinction process takes place, a memory can also be temporarily inhibited by a second memory that carries information with opposite meaning. In addition, a memory can fade and lose its significance in a process known as forgetting. Thus, following retrieval, new life experiences can be integrated with the original memory trace to maintain its predictive value. In this review, we explore the determining factors that regulate the fate of a memory after its reactivation. We focus on three post-retrieval memory destinies (reconsolidation, extinction, and forgetting) and discuss recent rodent studies investigating the biological functions and neural mechanisms underlying each of these processes.
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31
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Song Q, Bolsius YG, Ronzoni G, Henckens MJAG, Roozendaal B. Noradrenergic enhancement of object recognition and object location memory in mice. Stress 2021; 24:181-188. [PMID: 32233890 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1747427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates that noradrenergic activation is essentially involved in mediating the enhancing effects of emotional arousal on memory consolidation. Our current understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the memory-modulatory effects of the noradrenergic system is primarily based on pharmacological studies in rats, employing targeted administration of noradrenergic drugs into specific brain regions. However, the further delineation of the specific neural circuitry involved would benefit from experimental tools that are currently more readily available in mice. Previous studies have not, as yet, investigated the effect of noradrenergic enhancement of memory in mice, which show different cognitive abilities and higher endogenous arousal levels induced by a training experience compared to rats. In the present study, we investigated the effect of posttraining noradrenergic activation in male C57BL/6J mice on the consolidation of object recognition and object location memory. We found that the noradrenergic stimulant yohimbine (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) administered systemically immediately after an object training experience dose-dependently enhanced 24-h memory of both the identity and location of the object. Thus, these findings indicate that noradrenergic activation also enhances memory consolidation processes in mice, paving the way for a systematic investigation of the neural circuitry underlying these emotional arousal effects on memory.LAY SUMMARY: The current study successfully validated the effect of noradrenergic activation on both object recognition and object location memory in mice. This study thereby provides a fundamental proof-of-principle for the investigation of the neural circuitry underlying noradrenergic and arousal effects on long-term memory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Youri G Bolsius
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Ronzoni
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes J A G Henckens
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benno Roozendaal
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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32
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Colucci P, Santori A, Romanelli L, Zwergel C, Mai A, Scaccianoce S, Campolongo P. Amphetamine Modulation of Long-Term Object Recognition Memory in Rats: Influence of Stress. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644521. [PMID: 33716754 PMCID: PMC7943736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine is a potent psychostimulant that increases brain monoamine levels. Extensive evidence demonstrated that norepinephrine is crucially involved in the regulation of memory consolidation for stressful experiences. Here, we investigated amphetamine effects on the consolidation of long-term recognition memory in rats exposed to different intensities of forced swim stress immediately after training. Furthermore, we evaluated whether such effects are dependent on the activation of the peripheral adrenergic system. To this aim, male adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an object recognition task and intraperitoneally administered soon after training with amphetamine (0.5 or 1 mg/kg), or its corresponding vehicle. Rats were thereafter exposed to a mild (1 min, 25 ± 1°C) or strong (5 min, 19 ± 1°C) forced swim stress procedure. Recognition memory retention was assessed 24-h after training. Our findings showed that amphetamine enhances the consolidation of memory in rats subjected to mild stress condition, while it impairs long-term memory performance in rats exposed to strong stress. These dichotomic effects is dependent on stress-induced activation of the peripheral adrenergic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Colucci
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Santori
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Romanelli
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Dept. of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dept. of Drug Chemistry & Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Scaccianoce
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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33
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Quintanilla J, Cox BM, Gall CM, Mahler SV, Lynch G. Retrograde enhancement of episodic learning by a postlearning stimulus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:82-86. [PMID: 33593926 PMCID: PMC7888236 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052191.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests encoding of recent episodic experiences may be enhanced by a subsequent salient event. We tested this hypothesis by giving rats a 3-min unsupervised experience with four odors and measuring retention after different delays. Animals recognized that a novel element had been introduced to the odor set at 24 but not 48 h. However, when odor sampling was followed within 5 min by salient light flashes or bedding odor, the memory lasted a full 2 d. These results describe a retroactive influence of salience to promote storage of episodic information and introduce a unique model for studying underlying plasticity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Quintanilla
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Brittney M Cox
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Christine M Gall
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gary Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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34
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Naneix F, Bakoyiannis I, Santoyo-Zedillo M, Bosch-Bouju C, Pacheco-Lopez G, Coutureau E, Ferreira G. Chemogenetic silencing of hippocampus and amygdala reveals a double dissociation in periadolescent obesogenic diet-induced memory alterations. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 178:107354. [PMID: 33276069 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In addition to numerous metabolic comorbidities, obesity is associated with several adverse neurobiological outcomes, especially learning and memory alterations. Obesity prevalence is rising dramatically in youth and is persisting in adulthood. This is especially worrying since adolescence is a crucial period for the maturation of certain brain regions playing a central role in memory processes such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. We previously showed that periadolescent, but not adult, exposure to obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) had opposite effects on hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent memory, impairing the former and enhancing the latter. However, the causal role of these two brain regions in periadolescent HFD-induced memory alterations remains unclear. Here, we first showed that periadolescent HFD induced long-term, but not short-term, object recognition memory deficits, specifically when rats were exposed to a novel context. Using chemogenetic approaches to inhibit targeted brain regions, we then demonstrated that recognition memory deficits are dependent on the activity of the ventral hippocampus, but not the basolateral amygdala. On the contrary, the HFD- induced enhancement of conditioned odor aversion specifically requires amygdala activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that HFD consumption throughout adolescence impairs long-term object recognition memory through alterations of ventral hippocampal activity during memory acquisition. Moreover, these results further highlight the bidirectional effects of adolescent HFD on hippocampal and amygdala functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Naneix
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marianela Santoyo-Zedillo
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France; Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Pacheco-Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), Campus Lerma, Mexico
| | | | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33077, Bordeaux, France.
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35
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Norepinephrine and glucocorticoid effects on the brain mechanisms underlying memory accuracy and generalization. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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37
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Njan AA, Adenuga FO, Ajayi AM, Sotunde O, Ologe MO, Olaoye SO, Erdogan ON, Iwalewa OE. Neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata in rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04011. [PMID: 32490237 PMCID: PMC7256363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe Bicalyculata (MEPb) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated cognitive decline in Wistar rats. 36 male rats weighing 130-200 g were assigned into 6 groups (n = 6) as follows: normal control, diabetic control, pioglitazone-treated diabetic and three MEPb-treated diabetic groups, type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced with low dose streptozocin (STZ) injection following 3 weeks of high fat diet (HFD) intake. Thirty days after diabetes induction, rats exhibited marked and persistent hyperglycemia, animals were treated with MEPb (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) as standard. Morris water maze (MWM) test and Novel object recognition test (NORT) were used to assess learning and memory. Blood glucose level, oxidative stress makers, pro-inflammatory marker and acetylcholinestarase activities were analysed. Both MEPb and pioglitazone significantly (P < 0.05) reduced escape latency in treated animals compared to the diabetic control group in the MWM test. Methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata and pioglitazone also significantly (P < 0.05) increased discrimination index in treated animals compared to the diabetic control group in the novel object recognition test. Serum, brain and liver MDA levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in MEPb and pioglitazone treated rats compared to diabetic control. Serum and liver GSH as well as CAT levels were significantly (P < 0.05) increased while brain GSH and CAT levels shows apparent increase in MEPb and pioglitazone treated rats compared with diabetic control. Treatment with MEPb caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in brain nitrite level, interleukin 6 and acetylcholinesterase activity compared to diabetic control group. We conclude that Methanolic leaf extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata enhanced antioxidant capacity and prevented neuroinflammation, consequently improving brain neuronal cholinergic function in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoka A. Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Francisca O. Adenuga
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M. Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olasubomi Sotunde
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mary O. Ologe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Ozlem Nazan Erdogan
- Department of Pharmacy Management, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Olugbenga E. Iwalewa
- Neuropharmacology and Ethnopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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38
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The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:373-407. [PMID: 32298711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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39
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Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis modulate memory consolidation via glucocorticoid-dependent and -independent circuits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8104-8114. [PMID: 32193346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915501117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence that glucocorticoid hormones enhance memory consolidation, helping to ensure that emotionally significant events are well remembered. Prior findings suggest that the anteroventral region of bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (avBST) regulates glucocorticoid release, suggesting the potential for avBST activity to influence memory consolidation following an emotionally arousing learning event. To investigate this issue, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent inhibitory avoidance training and repeated measurement of stress hormones, immediately followed by optogenetic manipulations of either the avBST or its projections to downstream regions, and 48 h later were tested for retention. The results indicate that avBST inhibition augmented posttraining pituitary-adrenal output and enhanced the memory for inhibitory avoidance training. Pretreatment with a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor blocked the memory enhancement as well as the potentiated corticosterone response, indicating the dependence of the memory enhancement on glucocorticoid release during the immediate posttraining period. In contrast, posttraining avBST stimulation decreased retention yet had no effect on stress hormonal output. Subsequent experiments revealed that inhibition of avBST input to the paraventricular hypothalamus enhanced stress hormonal output and subsequent retention, whereas stimulation did not affect either. Conversely, stimulation-but not inhibition-of avBST input to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray impaired consolidation, whereas neither manipulation affected glucocorticoid secretion. These findings indicate that divergent pathways from the avBST are responsible for the mnemonic effects of avBST inhibition versus stimulation and do so via glucocorticoid-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively.
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García‐Pérez D, Milanés MV. Role of glucocorticoids on noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission within the basolateral amygdala and dentate gyrus during morphine withdrawal place aversion. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12728. [PMID: 30784175 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aversive memories related to drug withdrawal can generate a motivational state leading to compulsive drug taking. However, the mechanisms underlying the generation of these withdrawal memories remain unclear. Limbic structures, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, play a crucial role in the negative affective component of morphine withdrawal. Given the prominent role of glucocorticoids (GCs), noradrenaline (NA), and dopamine (DA) in memory-related processes, in the present study, we employed the conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm to uncover the role of GCs on NA and DA neurotransmission within the BLA and NA neurotransmission within the DG during opiate-withdrawal conditioning (memory formation consolidation), and after reexposure to the conditioned environment (memory retrieval). We observed that adrenalectomy impaired naloxone-induced CPA. Memory retrieval was associated with an increase in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the BLA in morphine-addicted animals in a GC-independent manner. Importantly, NA turnover was related with the expression of withdrawal physical signs during the conditioning phase and with locomotor activity during the test phase. On the other hand, reduced DA concentration in the BLA was correlated with the CPA score. Our results indicate that while noradrenergic system is more associated with the somatic consequences of withdrawal, dopaminergic neurotransmission modulates the affective state. Nevertheless, it seems necessary that both systems work together with GCs to enable aversive-memory formation and recall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Victoria Milanés
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Murcia Murcia Spain
- Farmacología Celular y MolecularMurcia Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB) Murcia Spain
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Wang J, Song HR, Guo MN, Ma SF, Yun Q, Zhang WN. Adult conditional knockout of PGC-1α in GABAergic neurons causes exaggerated startle reactivity, impaired short-term habituation and hyperactivity. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:128-139. [PMID: 32057952 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interneurons not only contribute to the global balance of activity in cortical networks but also mediate the precise gating of information through specific proteins. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is concentrated in inhibitory interneurons and that it plays an important role in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the functions of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α in sensorimotor gating, short-term habituation and spatial reference memory are still not entirely clear. To investigate the precise involvement of PGC-1α in the progression of psychiatric disorders, we first generated PGC-1α conditional knockout mice through transgenic expression of Cre recombinase under the control of dlx5/6 promoter, Cre-mediated excision events occurred specifically in γ-amino-butyric-acid-(GABA)ergic neurons. Short-term habituation and spatial reference memory in Dlx5/6-Cre::PGC-1αfl/fl mice were evaluated using the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test, and sensorimotor gating was measured by prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Protein expression of parvalbumin (PV) in specific brain regions was studied by western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Here, we show that mice lacking the PGC-1α gene in GABAergic neurons exhibit deficits in short-term habituation, hyperactivity, reduced prepulse inhibition and exaggerated startle reactivity but normal associative spatial reference memory. In particular, these mice display aberrant salience, whereby more attention is paid to a further copy of the original object (now familiar) (relative to the first presentation of the original object, and relative to the presentation of the novel object). These behavioral dysfunctions were associated with decreased PV expression in the cortex (including somatosensory and motor cortex) as well as in the hippocampus, especially in its CA1 and CA3 regions. Together, these findings draw attention to a hyper-response phenotype of PGC-1α conditional knockout mice and indicate that PGC-1α is a novel regulator of gene expression and function in PV-positive interneurons and a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders associated with PGC-1α dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China.
| | - Huang-Rong Song
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Mei-Na Guo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Si-Fei Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Qi Yun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China.
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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The capacity for acute exercise to modulate emotional memories: A review of findings and mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:438-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Santori A, Colucci P, Mancini GF, Morena M, Palmery M, Trezza V, Puglisi-Allegra S, Hill MN, Campolongo P. Anandamide modulation of circadian- and stress-dependent effects on rat short-term memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:155-162. [PMID: 31302498 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in the control of emotional responses to environmental challenges. CB1 receptors are highly expressed within cortico-limbic brain areas, where they modulate stress effects on memory processes. Glucocorticoid and endocannabinoid release is influenced by circadian rhythm. Here, we investigated how different stress intensities immediately after encoding influence rat short-term memory in an object recognition task, whether the effects depend on circadian rhythm and if exogenous augmentation of anandamide levels could restore any observed impairment. Two separate cohorts of male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were tested at two different times of the day, morning (inactivity phase) or afternoon (before the onset of the activity phase) in an object recognition task. The anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor URB597 was intraperitoneally administered immediately after the training trial. Rats were thereafter subjected to a forced swim stress under low or high stress conditions and tested 1 h after training. Control rats underwent the same experimental procedure except for the forced swim stress (no stress). We further investigated whether URB597 administration might modulate corticosterone release in rats subjected to the different stress conditions, both in the morning or afternoon. The low stressor elevated plasma corticosterone levels and impaired 1 h recognition memory performance when animals were tested in the morning. Exposure to the higher stress condition elevated plasma corticosterone levels and impaired memory performance, independently of the testing time. These findings show that stress impairing effects on short-term recognition memory are dependent on the intensity of stress and circadian rhythm. URB597 (0.3 mg kg-1) rescued the altered memory performance and decreased corticosterone levels in all the impaired groups yet leaving memory unaltered in the non-impaired groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Santori
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Colucci
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Morena
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Depts. of Cell Biology and Anatomy &Psychiatry, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Maura Palmery
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Dept. of Science, Section of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Depts. of Cell Biology and Anatomy &Psychiatry, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Calgary, Canada
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy; Neurobiology of Behavior Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy.
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Cardoso CV, de Barros MP, Bachi ALL, Bernardi MM, Kirsten TB, de Fátima Monteiro Martins M, Rocha PRD, da Silva Rodrigues P, Bondan EF. Chemobrain in rats: Behavioral, morphological, oxidative and inflammatory effects of doxorubicin administration. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112233. [PMID: 31521736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause cognitive impairments in patients submitted to long-term chemotherapy (deficits also known as chemobrain). The present study investigated whether DOX administration could affect behavior and brain morphology, as well as oxidative and inflammatory status in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected with DOX (2.5 mg/kg/week, 4 weeks, i.p.) or saline. Behavioral analyses were performed. Brains were collected and analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining techniques and by immunohistochemistry (for glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in astrocytes; GFAP). Serum and brain levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and CXCL-1 were determined. Oxidative parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), nitric oxide (NO•), brain iron and ferritin levels, as well as reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also assessed in brain. DOX-injected rats presented cognitive/memory impairments, increased GFAP expression, increased levels of TBARS, NO and GR, but decreased GSSG and ferritin levels in brain homogenate. In addition, increased serum and brain levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL1 were noted in the DOX group, although IL-10 decreased. As DOX has a poor penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is proposed that this drug elicits a systemic proinflammatory response with increase of proinflammatory cytokines which cross the BBB and can be involved in the induction of oxidative molecules and proinflammatory cytokines that altogether induce astrogliosis all over the brain. These events may be responsable for chemotherapy-induced cognitive/memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vieira Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity and Sports Science (ICAFE), University Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Galvão Bueno 868, Building B, 13th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 01506-000, Brazil
| | - André Luís Lacerda Bachi
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto, 240, São José dos Campos (SP), 12245-520, Brazil; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 947, São Paulo (SP), 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Thiago Berti Kirsten
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Monteiro Martins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University Cruzeiro do Sul, Avenida Tenente Laudelino Ferreira do Amaral, 700, São Paulo (SP), 08060-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Dell'Armelina Rocha
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Paula da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandes Bondan
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, University Paulista, Rua Doutor Bacelar, 1212, 4th Floor, São Paulo (SP), 04026-002, Brazil.
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Figueiró PW, Moreira DDS, Dos Santos TM, Prezzi CA, Rohden F, Faccioni-Heuser MC, Manfredini V, Netto CA, Wyse ATS. The neuroprotective role of melatonin in a gestational hypermethioninemia model. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:198-209. [PMID: 31476364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of methionine in blood characterize the hypermethioninemia, which may have genetic or non-genetic origin, as for example from high protein diet. Born rats from hypermethioninemic mothers presented cerebral oxidative stress, inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase, memory deficit and ultrastructure cerebral changes. Melatonin is a hormone involved in circadian rhythm and has antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to verify the possible neuroprotective effects of melatonin administration in hypermethioninemic pregnant rats on damage to biomolecules (Na+,K+-ATPase, sulfhydryl content and DNA damage index) and behavior (open field, novel object recognition and water maze tasks), as well as its effect on cells morphology by electron microscopy in offspring. Wistar female rats received methionine (2.68 μmol/g body weight) and/or melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight) by subcutaneous injections during entire pregnancy. Control rats received saline. Biochemical analyzes were performed at 21 and 30 days of life of offspring and behavioral analyzes were performed only at 30 days of age in male pups. Results showed that gestational hypermethioninemia diminished Na+,K+-ATPase activity and sulfhydryl content and increased DNA damage at 21 and 30 days of life. Melatonin was able to totally prevent Na+,K+-ATPase activity alteration at 21 days and partially prevent its alteration at 30 days of rats life. Melatonin was unable in to prevent sulfhydryl and DNA damage at two ages. It also improved DNA damage, but not at level of saline animals (controls). Regarding to behavioral tests, data showed that pups exposed to gestational hypermethioninemia decreased reference memory in water maze, spent more time to the center of the open field and did not differentiate the objects in the recognition test. Melatonin was able to prevent the deficit in novel object recognition task. Electron microscopy revealed ultrastructure alterations in neurons of hypermethioninemic at both ages of offspring, whose were prevented by melatonin. These findings suggest that melatonin may be a good neuroprotective to minimize the harmful effects of gestational hypermethioninemia on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula W Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniella de S Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tiago M Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Prezzi
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, ICBS, UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Citologia Clínica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, 97508-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
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Kim SY, Kark SM, Daley RT, Alger SE, Rebouças D, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Interactive effects of stress reactivity and rapid eye movement sleep theta activity on emotional memory formation. Hippocampus 2019; 30:829-841. [PMID: 31313866 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and stress independently enhance emotional memory consolidation. In particular, theta oscillations (4-7 Hz) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increase coherence in an emotional memory network (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex) and enhance emotional memory. However, little is known about how stress during learning might interact with subsequent REM theta activity to affect emotional memory. In the current study, we examined whether the relationship between REM theta activity and emotional memory differs as a function of pre-encoding stress exposure and reactivity. Participants underwent a psychosocial stressor (the Trier Social Stress Task; n = 32) or a comparable control task (n = 32) prior to encoding. Task-evoked cortisol reactivity was assessed by salivary cortisol rise from pre- to post-stressor, and participants in the stress condition were additionally categorized as high or low cortisol responders via a median split. During incidental encoding, participants studied 150 line drawings of negative, neutral, and positive images, followed by the complete color photo. All participants then slept overnight in the lab with polysomnographic recording. The next day, they were given a surprise recognition memory task. Results showed that memory was better for emotional relative to neutral information. Critically, these findings were observed only in the stress condition. No emotional memory benefit was observed in the control condition. In stressed participants, REM theta power significantly predicted memory for emotional information, specifically for positive items. This relationship was observed only in high cortisol responders. For low responders and controls, there was no relationship between REM theta and memory of any valence. These findings provide evidence that elevated stress at encoding, and accompanying changes in neuromodulators such as cortisol, may interact with theta activity during REM sleep to promote selective consolidation of emotional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Sarah M Kark
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan T Daley
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Sara E Alger
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.,Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Daniella Rebouças
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - Jessica D Payne
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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Goldfarb EV. Enhancing memory with stress: Progress, challenges, and opportunities. Brain Cogn 2019; 133:94-105. [PMID: 30553573 PMCID: PMC9972486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stress can strongly influence what we learn and remember, including by making memories stronger. Experiments probing stress effects on hippocampus-dependent memory in rodents have revealed modulatory factors and physiological mechanisms by which acute stress can enhance long-term memory. However, extending these findings and mechanisms to understand when stress will enhance declarative memory in humans faces important challenges. This review synthesizes human and rodent studies of stress and memory, examining translational gaps related to measurements of declarative memory and stress responses in humans. Human studies diverge from rodent research by assessing declarative memories that may not depend on the hippocampus and by measuring peripheral rather than central stress responses. This highlights opportunities for future research across species, including assessing stress effects on hippocampal-dependent memory processes in humans and relating peripheral stress responses to stress effects on the function of memory-related brain regions in rodents. Together, these investigations will facilitate the translation of stress effects on memory function from rodents to humans and inform interventions that can harness the positive effects of stress on long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Goldfarb
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 2 Church Street South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
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Genzel L, Schut E, Schröder T, Eichler R, Khamassi M, Gomez A, Navarro Lobato I, Battaglia F. The object space task shows cumulative memory expression in both mice and rats. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000322. [PMID: 31206519 PMCID: PMC6597117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Declarative memory encompasses representations of specific events as well as knowledge extracted by accumulation over multiple episodes. To investigate how these different sorts of memories are created, we developed a new behavioral task in rodents. The task consists of 3 distinct conditions (stable, overlapping, and random). Rodents are exposed to multiple sample trials, in which they explore objects in specific spatial arrangements, with object identity changing from trial to trial. In the stable condition, the locations are constant during all sample trials even though the objects themselves change; in the test trial, 1 object’s location is changed. In the random condition, object locations are presented in the sample phase without a specific spatial pattern. In the overlapping condition, 1 location is shared (overlapping) between all trials, while the other location changes during sample trials. We show that in the overlapping condition, instead of only remembering the last sample trial, rodents form a cumulative memory of the sample trials. Here, we could show that both mice and rats can accumulate information across multiple trials and express a long-term abstracted memory. Memories are stored and retrieved in different ways, depending on the age of memory and the character of the information, but many tasks for rodent subjects cannot differentiate between them. A new training paradigm for rats and mice enables testing for abstracted memory representation while controlling for memory recency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Genzel
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Evelien Schut
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Schröder
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronny Eichler
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Khamassi
- Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Angela Gomez
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Navarro Lobato
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Battaglia
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Cahill SP, Martinovic A, Cole JD, Seib DR, Snyder JS. A combination of running and memantine increases neurogenesis and reduces activation of developmentally-born dentate granule neurons in rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112005. [PMID: 31167109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During hippocampal-dependent memory formation, sensory signals from the neocortex converge in the dentate gyrus. It is generally believed that the dentate gyrus decorrelates inputs in order to minimize interference between codes for similar experiences, often referred to as pattern separation. The proportion of dentate neurons that are activated by experience is therefore likely to impact how memories are stored and separated. Emerging evidence from mouse models suggests that adult-born neurons can both increase and decrease activity levels in the dentate gyrus. However, the conditions that determine the direction of this modulation, and whether it occurs in other species, remains unclear. Furthermore, since the dentate gyrus is composed of a heterogeneous population of cells that are born throughout life, newborn neurons may not modulate all cells equally. We aimed to investigate whether adult neurogenesis in rats regulates activity in dentate gyrus neurons that are born at the peak of early postnatal development. Adult neurogenesis was increased by subjecting rats to an alternating running and memantine treatment schedule, and it was decreased with a transgenic GFAP-TK rat model. Activity was measured by Fos expression in BrdU+ cells after rats explored a novel environment. Running+memantine treatment increased adult neurogenesis by only 17%, but completely blocked experience-dependent Fos expression. In contrast, GFAP-TK rats had a 68% reduction in adult neurogenesis but normal experience-dependent Fos expression. The inconsistent relationship between neurogenesis and Fos expression suggests that neurogenesis does not regulate DG activity during exploration of a novel environment. Nonetheless, running and memantine may benefit disorders where there is elevated activity in the dentate gyrus, such as anxiety and age-related memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina P Cahill
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Angela Martinovic
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - John Darby Cole
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Desiree R Seib
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jason S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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