1
|
Su H, Zhu L, Su L, Li M, Wang R, Zhu J, Chen Y, Chen T. Impact of miR-29c-3p in the Nucleus Accumbens on Methamphetamine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization and Neuroplasticity-Related Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:942. [PMID: 38256016 PMCID: PMC10815255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse inflicts both physical and psychological harm. While our previous research has established the regulatory role of miR-29c-3p in behavior sensitization, the underlying mechanisms and target genes remain incompletely understood. In this study, we employed the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique in conjunction with Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to probe the putative molecular mechanisms of METH sensitization through miR-29c-3p inhibition. Through a microinjection of AAV-anti-miR-29c-3p into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice, we observed the attenuation of METH-induced locomotor effects. Subsequent iTRAQ analysis identified 70 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 22 up-regulated potential target proteins identified through miR-29c-3p target gene prediction and IPA analysis. Our focus extended to the number of neuronal branches, the excitatory synapse count, and locomotion-related pathways. Notably, GPR37, NPC1, and IREB2 emerged as potential target molecules for miR-29c-3p regulation, suggesting their involvement in the modulation of METH sensitization. Quantitative PCR confirmed the METH-induced aberrant expression of Gpr37, Npc1, and Ireb2 in the NAc of mice. Specifically, the over-expression of miR-29c-3p led to a significant reduction in the mRNA level of Gpr37, while the inhibition of miR-29c-3p resulted in a significant increase in the mRNA level of Gpr37, consistent with the regulatory principle of miRNAs modulating target gene expression. This suggests that miR-29c-3p potentially influences METH sensitization through its regulation of neuroplasticity. Our research indicates that miR-29c-3p plays a crucial role in regulating METH-induced sensitization, and it identified the potential molecular of miR-29c-3p in regulating METH-induced sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| | - Linlan Su
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| | - Yanjiong Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Teng Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China; (H.S.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (M.L.); (R.W.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- National Biosafety Evidence Foundation, Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710115, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou J, Xu W, Wu Y, Wang M, Zhang N, Wang L, Feng Y, Zhang T, Wang L, Mao A. GPR37 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastases by enhancing the glycolysis and histone lactylation via Hippo pathway. Oncogene 2023; 42:3319-3330. [PMID: 37749229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases are commonly detected in a range of malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC), unfortunately no effectively strategies for CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). In this study, we found GPR37 expression dramatically increased in human CRLM specimens and associated poor prognosis. GPR37 depletion greatly suppressed the liver metastasis in the mouse models of CRLM. Functional experiments showed that GPR37 knockdown inhibited the growth by reducing the glycolysis of CRC cells. Also, GPR37 knockdown in tumor cells produced decreased levels of two chemokines involved in neutrophil accumulation, which abrogated neutrophil recruitment in the tumor microenvironment of CRLM. Finally, the mechanism studies revealed that GPR37 could activate the hippo pathway, thereby promoting LDHA expression and glycolysis. This leads to increased lactylation of H3K18la, resulting in up-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL5. These results support a role of the GPR37 in modulating the tumor metabolism and microenvironment in CRLM and GPR37 could be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yibin Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Longrong Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Anrong Mao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thakur K, Khan H, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Nuclear orphan receptors: A novel therapeutic agent in neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110845. [PMID: 37690241 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Orphan receptors constitute a historically varied subsection of a superfamily of nuclear receptors. Nuclear receptors regulate gene expression in response to ligand signals and are particularly alluring therapeutic targets for chronic illnesses. Neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases have been linked to these orphan nuclear receptors. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that orphan receptors could serve as future targets in neuroinflammation, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Huntington's Disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Cerebral Ischemia. Given the therapeutic relevance of certain orphan receptors in a variety of disorders, their potential in neuroinflammation remains unproven. There is substantial evidence that ligand-activated transcription factors have great promise for preventing neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, with certain orphan nuclear receptors i.e., PPARγ, NR4As, and orphan GPCRs holding particularly high potential. Based on previous findings, we attempted to determine the contribution of PPAR, NR4As, and orphan GPCRs-regulated neuroinflammation to the pathogenesis of these disorders and their potential to become novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Thakur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bolinger AA, Frazier A, La JH, Allen JA, Zhou J. Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR37 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3318-3334. [PMID: 37676000 PMCID: PMC11144446 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are successful druggable targets, making up around 35% of all FDA-approved medications. However, a large number of receptors remain orphaned, with no known endogenous ligand, representing a challenging but untapped area to discover new therapeutic targets. Among orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) of interest, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal cord and oligodendrocytes. While its cellular signaling mechanisms and endogenous receptor ligands remain elusive, GPR37 has been implicated in several important neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation, pain, autism, and brain tumors. GPR37 structure, signaling, emerging physiology, and pharmacology are reviewed while integrating a discussion on potential therapeutic indications and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew Frazier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - John A. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Long MD, Sribenja S, Ma SJ, Yan L, Hu Q, Liu S, Khoury T, Hong CC, Bandera E, Singh AK, Repasky EA, Bouchard EG, Higgins M, Ambrosone CB, Yao S. An epigenome-wide analysis of socioeconomic position and tumor DNA methylation in breast cancer patients. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:68. [PMID: 37101222 PMCID: PMC10131486 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP), including lower educational attainment and household income, may influence cancer risk and outcomes. We hypothesized that DNA methylation could function as an intermediary epigenetic mechanism that internalizes and reflects the biological impact of SEP. METHODS Based on tumor DNA methylation data from the Illumina 450 K array from 694 breast cancer patients in the Women's Circle of Health Study, we conducted an epigenome-wide analysis in relation to educational attainment and household income. Functional impact of the identified CpG sites was explored in silico using data from publicly available databases. RESULTS We identified 25 CpG sites associated with household income at an array-wide significance level, but none with educational attainment. Two of the top CpG sites, cg00452016 and cg01667837, were in promoter regions of NNT and GPR37, respectively, with multiple epigenetic regulatory features identified in each region. NNT is involved in β-adrenergic stress signaling and inflammatory responses, whereas GPR37 is involved in neurological and immune responses. For both loci, gene expression was inversely correlated to the levels of DNA methylation. The associations were consistent between Black and White women and did not differ by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status. CONCLUSIONS In a large breast cancer patient population, we discovered evidence of the significant biological impact of household income on the tumor DNA methylome, including genes in the β-adrenergic stress and immune response pathways. Our findings support biological effects of socioeconomic status on tumor tissues, which might be relevant to cancer development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chen
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Mark D Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sirinapa Sribenja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sung Jun Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Thaer Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Elisa Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Bouchard
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Michael Higgins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma VK, Singh TG, Mehta V, Mannan A. Biomarkers: Role and Scope in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2029-2058. [PMID: 36795184 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders pose a great threat to social health and are a major cause for mortality and morbidity. Effective drug development complemented with the improved drug therapy has made considerable progress towards easing symptoms associated with neurological illnesses, yet poor diagnosis and imprecise understanding of these disorders has led to imperfect treatment options. The scenario is complicated by the inability to extrapolate results of cell culture studies and transgenic models to clinical applications which has stagnated the process of improving drug therapy. In this context, the development of biomarkers has been viewed as beneficial to easing various pathological complications. A biomarker is measured and evaluated in order to gauge the physiological process or a pathological progression of a disease and such a marker can also indicate the clinical or pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. The development and identification of biomarkers for neurological disorders involves several issues including the complexity of the brain, unresolved discrepant data from experimental and clinical studies, poor clinical diagnostics, lack of functional endpoints, and high cost and complexity of techniques yet research in the area of biomarkers is highly desired. The present work describes existing biomarkers for various neurological disorders, provides support for the idea that biomarker development may ease our understanding underlying pathophysiology of these disorders and help to design and explore therapeutic targets for effective intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India.,Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Government College of Pharmacy, Rohru, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171207, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, 140401, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kotliarova A, Podturkina AV, Pavlova AV, Gorina DS, Lastovka AV, Ardashov OV, Rogachev AD, Izyurov AE, Arefieva AB, Kulikov AV, Tolstikova TG, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF, Sidorova Y. A Newly Identified Monoterpenoid-Based Small Molecule Able to Support the Survival of Primary Cultured Dopamine Neurons and Alleviate MPTP-Induced Toxicity In Vivo. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238286. [PMID: 36500381 PMCID: PMC9738927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related movement disorder characterized by the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. To date, PD treatment strategies are mostly based on dopamine replacement medicines, which can alleviate motor symptoms but do not slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. Thus, there is a need for disease-modifying PD therapies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of the novel compound PA96 on dopamine neurons in vivo and in vitro, assess its ability to alleviate motor deficits in MPTP- and haloperidol-based PD models, as well as PK profile and BBB penetration. PA96 was synthesized from (1R,2R,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol (Prottremin) using the original three-step stereoselective procedure. We found that PA96: (1) supported the survival of cultured näive dopamine neurons; (2) supported the survival of MPP+-challenged dopamine neurons in vitro and in vivo; (3) had chemically appropriate properties (synthesis, solubility, etc.); (4) alleviated motor deficits in MPTP- and haloperidol-based models of PD; (5) penetrated the blood-brain barrier in vivo; and (6) was eliminated from the bloodstream relative rapidly. In conclusion, the present article demonstrates the identification of PA96 as a lead compound for the future development of this compound into a clinically used drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kotliarova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFe, Viikinkaari 5D, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra V. Podturkina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla V. Pavlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria S. Gorina
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova, 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Lastovka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova, 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Ardashov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem D. Rogachev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova, 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Arseniy E. Izyurov
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla B. Arefieva
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kulikov
- Department of Genetic Collections of Neural Disorders, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetic, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (K.P.V.); (Y.S.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Sidorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFe, Viikinkaari 5D, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (K.P.V.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Gao X, Bai X, Yao S, Chang YZ, Gao G. The emerging role of furin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:39. [PMID: 35996194 PMCID: PMC9395820 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Furin is an important mammalian proprotein convertase that catalyzes the proteolytic maturation of a variety of prohormones and proproteins in the secretory pathway. In the brain, the substrates of furin include the proproteins of growth factors, receptors and enzymes. Emerging evidence, such as reduced FURIN mRNA expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients or schizophrenia patients, has implicated a crucial role of furin in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Currently, compared to cancer and infectious diseases, the aberrant expression of furin and its pharmaceutical potentials in neurological diseases remain poorly understood. In this article, we provide an overview on the physiological roles of furin and its substrates in the brain, summarize the deregulation of furin expression and its effects in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and discuss the implications and current approaches that target furin for therapeutic interventions. This review may expedite future studies to clarify the molecular mechanisms of furin deregulation and involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, and to develop new diagnosis and treatment strategies for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gao
- Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050027, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mouat MA, Wilkins BP, Ding E, Govindaraju H, Coleman JLJ, Graham RM, Turner N, Smith NJ. Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Deletion of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR37L1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111814. [PMID: 35681509 PMCID: PMC9180194 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neurogenic causes of obesity may reveal novel drug targets to counter the obesity crisis and associated sequelae. Here, we investigate whether the deletion of GPR37L1, an astrocyte-specific orphan G protein-coupled receptor, affects whole-body energy homeostasis in mice. We subjected male Gpr37l1−/− mice and littermate wildtype (Gpr37l1+/+, C57BL/6J background) controls to either 12 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) or chow feeding, or to 1 year of chow diet, with body composition quantified by EchoMRI, glucose handling by glucose tolerance test and metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry. Following an HFD, Gpr37l1−/− mice had similar glucose handling, body weight and fat mass compared with wildtype controls. Interestingly, we observed a significantly elevated respiratory exchange ratio in HFD- and chow-fed Gpr37l1−/− mice during daylight hours. After 1 year of chow feeding, we again saw no differences in glucose and insulin tolerance or body weight between genotypes, nor in energy expenditure or respiratory exchange ratio. However, there was significantly lower fat mass accumulation, and higher ambulatory activity in the Gpr37l1−/− mice during night hours. Overall, these results indicate that while GPR37L1 may play a minor role in whole-body metabolism, it is not a viable clinical target for the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Mouat
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.A.M.); (B.P.W.)
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (J.L.J.C.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Brendan P. Wilkins
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.A.M.); (B.P.W.)
| | - Eileen Ding
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (E.D.); (H.G.)
| | - Hemna Govindaraju
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (E.D.); (H.G.)
| | - James L. J. Coleman
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (J.L.J.C.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Robert M. Graham
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; (J.L.J.C.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Nigel Turner
- Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (E.D.); (H.G.)
- Cellular Bioenergetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (N.J.S.)
| | - Nicola J. Smith
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.A.M.); (B.P.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (N.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Osteocalcin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammation via Activation of GPR37 in Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051006. [PMID: 35625743 PMCID: PMC9138386 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) has been reported to be expressed in macrophages and the activation of GPR37 by its ligand/agonist, and it can regulate macrophage-associated functions and inflammatory responses. Since our previous work identified that osteocalcin (OCN) acts as an endogenous ligand for GPR37 and can elicit various intracellular signals by interacting with GPR37, we thus hypothesized that OCN may also play a functional role in macrophage through the activation of GPR37. To verify the hypothesis, we conducted a series of in vivo and in vitro studies in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice and primary cultured macrophages. Our results reveal that the OCN gene deletion (OCN−/−) and wild type (WT) mice showed comparable death rates and inflammatory cytokines productions in response to a lethal dose of LPS exposure. However, the detrimental effects caused by LPS were significantly ameliorated by exogenous OCN treatments in both WT and OCN−/− mice. Notably, the protective effects of OCN were absent in GPR37−/− mice. In coordination with the in vivo results, our in vitro studies further illustrated that OCN triggered intracellular responses via GPR37 in peritoneal macrophages by regulating the release of inflammatory factors and macrophage phagocytic function. Finally, we exhibited that the adoptive transfer of OCN-treated macrophages from WT mice significantly inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GPR37−/− mice exposed to LPS. Taken together, these findings suggest a protective role of OCN against LPS-caused acute inflammation, by the activation of GPR37 in macrophages, and provide a potential application of the activation of the OCN/GPR37 regulatory axis as a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Massimi M, Di Pietro C, La Sala G, Matteoni R. Mouse Mutants of Gpr37 and Gpr37l1 Receptor Genes: Disease Modeling Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084288. [PMID: 35457105 PMCID: PMC9025225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate G protein–coupled receptor 37 and G protein–coupled receptor 37-like 1 (GPR37 and GPR37L1) proteins have amino acid sequence homology to endothelin and bombesin-specific receptors. The prosaposin glycoprotein, its derived peptides, and analogues have been reported to interact with and activate both putative receptors. The GPR37 and GPR37L1 genes are highly expressed in human and rodent brains. GPR37 transcripts are most abundant in oligodendrocytes and in the neurons of the substantia nigra and hippocampus, while the GPR37L1 gene is markedly expressed in cerebellar Bergmann glia astrocytes. The human GPR37 protein is a substrate of parkin, and its insoluble form accumulates in brain samples from patients of inherited juvenile Parkinson’s disease. Several Gpr37 and Gpr37l1 mouse mutant strains have been produced and applied to extensive in vivo and ex vivo analyses of respective receptor functions and involvement in brain and other organ pathologies. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the different mouse strains so far published are reported and discussed, and their current and proposed applications to human disease modeling are highlighted.
Collapse
|
12
|
Veenit V, Zhang X, Ambrosini A, Sousa V, Svenningsson P. The Effect of Early Life Stress on Emotional Behaviors in GPR37KO Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:410. [PMID: 35008836 PMCID: PMC8745300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR37 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, a substrate of parkin which is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) and affective disorders. In this study, we sought to address the effects of early life stress (ELS) by employing the paradigm of limited nesting material on emotional behaviors in adult GPR37 knockout (KO) mice. Our results showed that, while there was an adverse effect of ELS on various domains of emotional behaviors in wild type (WT) mice in a sex specific manner (anxiety in females, depression and context-dependent fear memory in males), GPR37KO mice subjected to ELS exhibited less deteriorated emotional behaviors. GPR37KO female mice under ELS conditions displayed reduced anxiety compared to WT mice. This was paralleled by lower plasma corticosterone in GPR37KO females and a lower increase in P-T286-CaMKII by ELS in the amygdala. GPR37KO male mice, under ELS conditions, showed better retention of hippocampal-dependent emotional processing in the passive avoidance behavioral task. GPR37KO male mice showed increased immobility in the forced swim task and increased P-T286-CaMKII in the ventral hippocampus under baseline conditions. Taken together, our data showed overall long-term effects of ELS-deleterious or beneficial depending on the genotype, sex of the mice and the emotional context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Veenit
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (X.Z.); (A.A.); (V.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Per Svenningsson
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (X.Z.); (A.A.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qian Z, Li H, Yang H, Yang Q, Lu Z, Wang L, Chen Y, Li X. Osteocalcin attenuates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination via GPR37 signaling in the mouse brain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5811. [PMID: 34678058 PMCID: PMC8535816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The bone-derived hormone osteocalcin (OCN) is crucial for brain development and neural cognitive functions, yet the exact roles of OCN in central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive. Here, we find that genetic deletion of OCN facilitates oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and hypermyelination in the CNS. Although dispensable for the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), OCN is critical for the myelination of OLs, which affects myelin production and remyelination after demyelinating injury. Genome-wide RNA sequencing analyses reveal that OCN regulates a number of G protein–coupled receptors and myelination-associated transcription factors, of which Myrf might be a key downstream effector in OLs. GPR37 is identified as a previously unknown receptor for OCN, thus regulating OL differentiation and CNS myelination. Overall, these findings suggest that OCN orchestrates the transition between OPCs and myelinating OLs via GPR37 signaling, and hence, the OCN/GPR37 pathway regulates myelin homeostasis in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongchao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Owino S, Giddens MM, Jiang JG, Nguyen TT, Shiu FH, Lala T, Gearing M, McCrary MR, Gu X, Wei L, Yu SP, Hall RA. GPR37 modulates progenitor cell dynamics in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113719. [PMID: 33839144 PMCID: PMC9826632 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of neural stem and progenitor cells following injury is critical for the function of the central nervous system, but the molecular mechanisms modulating this response remain largely unknown. We have previously identified the G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) as a modulator of ischemic damage in a mouse model of stroke. Here we demonstrate that GPR37 functions as a critical negative regulator of progenitor cell dynamics and gliosis following ischemic injury. In the central nervous system, GPR37 is enriched in mature oligodendrocytes, but following injury we have found that its expression is dramatically increased within a population of Sox2-positive progenitor cells. Moreover, the genetic deletion of GPR37 did not alter the number of mature oligodendrocytes following injury but did markedly increase the number of both progenitor cells and injury-induced Olig2-expressing glia. Alterations in the glial environment were further evidenced by the decreased activation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These data reveal that GPR37 regulates the response of progenitor cells to ischemic injury and provides new perspectives into the potential for manipulating endogenous progenitor cells following stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Owino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michelle M. Giddens
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessie G. Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - TrangKimberly T. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fu Hung Shiu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Trisha Lala
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Myles R. McCrary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shan P. Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;,Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affair Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nguyen TT, Dammer EB, Owino SA, Giddens MM, Madaras NS, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Hall RA. Quantitative Proteomics Reveal an Altered Pattern of Protein Expression in Brain Tissue from Mice Lacking GPR37 and GPR37L1. J Proteome Res 2021; 19:744-755. [PMID: 31903766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GPR37 and GPR37L1 are glia-enriched G protein-coupled receptors that have been implicated in several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. To gain insight into the potential molecular mechanisms by which GPR37 and GPR37L1 regulate cellular physiology, proteomic analyses of whole mouse brain tissue from wild-type (WT) versus GPR37/GPR37L1 double knockout (DKO) mice were performed in order to identify proteins regulated by the absence versus presence of these receptors (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015202). These analyses revealed a number of proteins that were significantly increased or decreased by the absence of GPR37 and GPR37L1. One of the most decreased proteins in the DKO versus WT brain tissue was S100A5, a calcium-binding protein, and the reduction of S100A5 expression in KO brain tissue was validated via Western blot. Coexpression of S100A5 with either GPR37 or GPR37L1 in HEK293T cells did not result in any change in S100A5 expression but did robustly increase secretion of S100A5. To dissect the mechanism by which S100A5 secretion was enhanced, cells coexpressing S100A5 with the receptors were treated with different pharmacological reagents. These studies revealed that calcium is essential for the secretion of S100A5 downstream of GPR37 and GPR37L1 signaling, as treatment with BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca2+ chelator, reduced S100A5 secretion from transfected HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings provide a panoramic view of proteomic changes resulting from loss of GPR37 and GPR37L1 and also impart mechanistic insight into the regulation of S100A5 by these receptors, thereby shedding light on the functions of GPR37 and GPR37L1 in brain tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TrangKimberly Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30322 , Georgia , United States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30345 , Georgia , United States
| | - Sharon A Owino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30322 , Georgia , United States
| | - Michelle M Giddens
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30322 , Georgia , United States
| | - Nora S Madaras
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30322 , Georgia , United States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30345 , Georgia , United States
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30345 , Georgia , United States
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta 30322 , Georgia , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pławińska-Czarnak J, Majewska A, Zarzyńska J, Bogdan J, Kaba J, Anusz K, Bagnicka E. Gene Expression Profile in Peripheral Blood Nuclear Cells of Small Ruminant Lentivirus-Seropositive and Seronegative Dairy Goats in Their First Lactation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040940. [PMID: 33810360 PMCID: PMC8066113 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Caprine arthritis encephalitis, caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), is a disease that develops with various signs in adult goats, e.g., arthritis, mastitis, and progressive weight loss, while in goat kids, the disease presents with only neuropathy and extremely rarely. The disease results in reduced milk production and economic losses in herds of goats. Previously described changes in single gene expression do not fully explain all the processes occurring in the infected goats. Therefore, the present study describes the first use of a transcriptomic array designed specifically for goats in Poland. Its aim was to investigate the gene expression profiles of peripheral blood nuclear cells from SRLV-seropositive and SRLV-seronegative goats using a custom-made Capra hircus gene expression array. Just four genes out of ~50,000 were found to have differential expression; moreover, changes in their expression suggest an active inflammatory mechanism in SRLV-seropositive goats at the early stage of SRLV infection. Abstract The immune response to a viral antigen causes inflammatory cell infiltration to the tissue, which creates a suitable environment for the replication of the virus in macrophages, and the recruitment of more monocytes to the site of infection, or latently infected monocytes. The aim of the study was to analyze the transcriptomic profile of peripheral blood nuclear cells isolated from SRLV-seropositive and SRLV-negative goats at the peak of their first lactation. SRLV-seropositive goats were probably infected via colostrum. Custom transcriptomic microarrays for goats were designed and developed, namely the Capra hircus gene expression array, which features ~50,000 unique transcripts per microarray. Only four genes were differentially expressed, with up-regulated expression of the GIMAP2, SSC5D and SETX genes, and down-regulated expression of the GPR37 gene in SRLV-seropositive vs. SRLV-seronegative goats. However, in an RT-qPCR analysis, the result for the SETX gene was not confirmed. The differences in the expressions of the studied genes indicate an active inflammatory process in the SRLV-seropositive goats at the early stage of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Z.); (J.B.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiology Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zarzyńska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Z.); (J.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Janusz Bogdan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Z.); (J.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Jarosław Kaba
- Division of Epidemiology and Veterinary Management, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.Z.); (J.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Emilia Bagnicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morató X, Garcia-Esparcia P, Argerich J, Llorens F, Zerr I, Paslawski W, Borràs E, Sabidó E, Petäjä-Repo UE, Fernández-Dueñas V, Ferrer I, Svenningsson P, Ciruela F. Ecto-GPR37: a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:8. [PMID: 33637132 PMCID: PMC7908677 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective α-Synuclein has been studied as a potential biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD) with no concluding results. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to find out reliable specific biomarkers for PD. GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that toxically accumulates in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Here, we investigated whether GPR37 is upregulated in sporadic PD, and thus a suitable potential biomarker for PD. Methods GPR37 protein density and mRNA expression in postmortem substantia nigra (SN) from PD patients were analysed by immunoblot and RT-qPCR, respectively. The presence of peptides from the N-terminus-cleaved domain of GPR37 (i.e. ecto-GPR37) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. An engineered in-house nanoluciferase-based immunoassay was used to quantify ecto-GPR37 in CSF samples from neurological control (NC) subjects, PD patients and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Results GPR37 protein density and mRNA expression were significantly augmented in sporadic PD. Increased amounts of ecto-GPR37 peptides in the CSF samples from PD patients were identified by mass spectrometry and quantified by the in-house ELISA method. However, the CSF total α-synuclein level in PD patients did not differ from that in NC subjects. Similarly, the cortical GPR37 mRNA expression and CSF ecto-GPR37 levels in AD patients were also unaltered. Conclusion GPR37 expression is increased in SN of sporadic PD patients. The ecto-GPR37 peptides are significantly increased in the CSF of PD patients, but not in AD patients. These results open perspectives and encourage further clinical studies to confirm the validity and utility of ecto-GPR37 as a potential PD biomarker. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-021-00232-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Argerich
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Franc Llorens
- Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Paslawski
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Borràs
- Proteomics Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain.,Proteomics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulla E Petäjä-Repo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuropathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain. .,Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Walker DM, Zhou X, Cunningham AM, Lipschultz AP, Ramakrishnan A, Cates HM, Bagot RC, Shen L, Zhang B, Nestler EJ. Sex-Specific Transcriptional Changes in Response to Adolescent Social Stress in the Brain's Reward Circuitry. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 91:118-128. [PMID: 33892914 PMCID: PMC8382786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in addiction have been described in humans and animal models. A key factor that influences addiction in both males and females is adolescent experience. Adolescence is associated with higher vulnerability to substance use disorders, and male rodents subjected to adolescent social isolation (SI) stress form stronger preferences for drugs of abuse in adulthood. However, little is known about how females respond to SI, and few studies have investigated the transcriptional changes induced by SI in the brain's reward circuitry. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that SI alters the transcriptome in a persistent and sex-specific manner in prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area. Mice were isolated or group housed from postnatal day P22 to P42, then group housed until ∼P90. Transcriptome-wide changes were investigated by RNA sequencing after acute or chronic cocaine or saline administration. RESULTS We found that SI disrupts sex-specific transcriptional responses to cocaine and reduces sex differences in gene expression across all three brain regions. Furthermore, SI induces gene expression profiles in males that more closely resemble group-housed females, suggesting that SI "feminizes" the male transcriptome. Coexpression analysis reveals that such disruption of sex differences in gene expression alters sex-specific gene networks and identifies potential sex-specific key drivers of these transcriptional changes. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data show that SI has region-specific effects on sex-specific transcriptional responses to cocaine and provide a better understanding of reward-associated transcription that differs in males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deena M. Walker
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Persons to whom all correspondence should be addressed and lead contacts: Eric J. Nestler, M.D., Ph.D. () and Deena M. Walker ()
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Ashley M. Cunningham
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Andrew P. Lipschultz
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Hannah M. Cates
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Rosemary C. Bagot
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029,Persons to whom all correspondence should be addressed and lead contacts: Eric J. Nestler, M.D., Ph.D. () and Deena M. Walker ()
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hendrickx DM, Garcia P, Ashrafi A, Sciortino A, Schmit KJ, Kollmus H, Nicot N, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Buttini M, Glaab E. A New Synuclein-Transgenic Mouse Model for Early Parkinson's Reveals Molecular Features of Preclinical Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:576-602. [PMID: 32997293 PMCID: PMC8219584 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding Parkinson's disease (PD), in particular in its earliest phases, is important for diagnosis and treatment. However, human brain samples are collected post-mortem, reflecting mainly end-stage disease. Because brain samples of mouse models can be collected at any stage of the disease process, they are useful in investigating PD progression. Here, we compare ventral midbrain transcriptomics profiles from α-synuclein transgenic mice with a progressive, early PD-like striatal neurodegeneration across different ages using pathway, gene set, and network analysis methods. Our study uncovers statistically significant altered genes across ages and between genotypes with known, suspected, or unknown function in PD pathogenesis and key pathways associated with disease progression. Among those are genotype-dependent alterations associated with synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission, as well as mitochondria-related genes and dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Age-dependent changes were among others observed in neuronal and synaptic activity, calcium homeostasis, and membrane receptor signaling pathways, many of which linked to G-protein coupled receptors. Most importantly, most changes occurred before neurodegeneration was detected in this model, which points to a sequence of gene expression events that may be relevant for disease initiation and progression. It is tempting to speculate that molecular changes similar to those changes observed in our model happen in midbrain dopaminergic neurons before they start to degenerate. In other words, we believe we have uncovered molecular changes that accompany the progression from preclinical to early PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Hendrickx
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Neuropathology Unit, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Amer Ashrafi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Present Address: Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kristopher J. Schmit
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
La Sala G, Di Pietro C, Matteoni R, Bolasco G, Marazziti D, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Gpr37l1/prosaposin receptor regulates Ptch1 trafficking, Shh production, and cell proliferation in cerebellar primary astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:1064-1083. [PMID: 33350496 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cerebellar astrocytes critically regulate the differentiation and maturation of neuronal Purkinje cells and granule precursors. The G protein-coupled receptor 37-like 1 (Gpr37l1) is expressed by Bergmann astrocytes and interacts with patched 1 (Ptch1) at peri-ciliary membranes. Cerebellar primary astrocyte cultures from wild-type and Gpr37l1 null mutant mouse pups were established and studied. Primary cilia were produced by cultures of both genotypes, as well as Ptch1 and smoothened (Smo) components of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) mitogenic pathway. Compared to wild-type cells, Gpr37l1-/- astrocytes displayed striking increases in proliferative activity, Ptch1 protein expression and internalization, intracellular cholesterol content, ciliary localization of Smo, as well as a marked production of active Shh. Similar effects were reproduced by treating wild-type astrocytes with a putative prosaptide ligand of Gpr37l1. These findings indicate that Gpr37l1-Ptch1 interactions specifically regulate Ptch1 internalization and trafficking, with consequent stimulation of Shh production and activation of proliferative signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina La Sala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafaele Matteoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bolasco
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alarcón-Arís D, Pavia-Collado R, Miquel-Rio L, Coppola-Segovia V, Ferrés-Coy A, Ruiz-Bronchal E, Galofré M, Paz V, Campa L, Revilla R, Montefeltro A, Kordower JH, Vila M, Artigas F, Bortolozzi A. Anti-α-synuclein ASO delivered to monoamine neurons prevents α-synuclein accumulation in a Parkinson's disease-like mouse model and in monkeys. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102944. [PMID: 32810825 PMCID: PMC7452525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive neuronal death in monoaminergic nuclei and widespread accumulation of α-synuclein are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Given that α-synuclein may be an early mediator of the pathological cascade that ultimately leads to neurodegeneration, decreased α-synuclein synthesis will abate neurotoxicity if delivered to the key affected neurons. METHODS We used a non-viral gene therapy based on a new indatraline-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (IND-ASO) to disrupt the α-synuclein mRNA transcription selectively in monoamine neurons of a PD-like mouse model and elderly nonhuman primates. Molecular, cell biology, histological, neurochemical and behavioral assays were performed. FINDINGS Intracerebroventricular and intranasal IND-ASO administration for four weeks in a mouse model with AAV-mediated wild-type human α-synuclein overexpression in dopamine neurons prevented the synthesis and accumulation of α-synuclein in the connected brain regions, improving dopamine neurotransmission. Likewise, the four-week IND-ASO treatment led to decreased levels of endogenous α-synuclein protein in the midbrain monoamine nuclei of nonhuman primates, which are affected early in PD. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of α-synuclein production in dopamine neurons and its accumulation in cortical/striatal projection areas may alleviate the early deficits of dopamine function, showing the high translational value of antisense oligonucleotides as a disease modifying therapy for PD and related synucleinopathies. FUNDING Grants SAF2016-75797-R, RTC-2014-2812-1 and RTC-2015-3309-1, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), UE; Grant ID 9238, Michael J. Fox Foundation; and Centres for Networked Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), and on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alarcón-Arís
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Pavia-Collado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Miquel-Rio
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Coppola-Segovia
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Neurobiology and Redox Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Albert Ferrés-Coy
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Ruiz-Bronchal
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Galofré
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Paz
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Campa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Miquel Vila
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Artigas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Watkins LR, Orlandi C. Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors in Affective Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E694. [PMID: 32599826 PMCID: PMC7349732 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the main mediators of signal transduction in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that many GPCRs have long been investigated for their role in the development of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as in the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. Importantly, the endogenous ligands for a large group of GPCRs have not yet been identified and are therefore known as orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs). Nonetheless, growing evidence from animal studies, together with genome wide association studies (GWAS) and post-mortem transcriptomic analysis in patients, pointed at many oGPCRs as potential pharmacological targets. Among these discoveries, we summarize in this review how emotional behaviors are modulated by the following oGPCRs: ADGRB2 (BAI2), ADGRG1 (GPR56), GPR3, GPR26, GPR37, GPR50, GPR52, GPR61, GPR62, GPR88, GPR135, GPR158, and GPRC5B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Mantas I, Fridjonsdottir E, Andrén PE, Chergui K, Svenningsson P. Deficits in Motor Performance, Neurotransmitters and Synaptic Plasticity in Elderly and Experimental Parkinsonian Mice Lacking GPR37. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:84. [PMID: 32292338 PMCID: PMC7120535 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiology is attributed to aging and the progressive neurodegeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). GPR37 is an orphan G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) that is linked to the juvenile form of PD. In addition, misfolded GPR37 has been found in Lewy bodies. However, properly folded GPR37 found at the cell membrane appears to exert neuroprotection. In the present study we investigated the role of GPR37 in motor deficits due to aging or toxin-induced experimental parkinsonism. Elderly GPR37 knock out (KO) mice displayed hypolocomotion and worse fine movement performance compared to their WT counterparts. Striatal slice electrophysiology reveiled that GPR37 KO mice show profound decrease in long term potentiation (LTP) formation which is accompanied by an alteration in glutamate receptor subunit content. GPR37 KO animals exposed to intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) show poorer score in the behavioral cylinder test and more loss of the DA transporter (DAT) in striatum. The GPR37 KO striata exhibit a significant increase in GABA which is aggravated after DA depletion. Our data indicate that GPR37 KO mice have DA neuron deficit, enhanced striatal GABA levels and deficient corticostriatal LTP. They also respond stronger to 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. Taken together, the data indicate that properly functional GPR37 may counteract aging processes and parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Mantas
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elva Fridjonsdottir
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,National Resource for Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karima Chergui
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu Z, Yichen W, Ziheng Z, Dinghao G, Ming L, Wei L, Enfang S, Gang H, Honda H, Jian Y. The loss of dopaminergic neurons in DEC1 deficient mice potentially involves the decrease of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12733-12753. [PMID: 31884423 PMCID: PMC6949058 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we study the effects of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1(DEC1) deficiency on midbrain dopaminergic(DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc) through behavioral, histological and molecular analysis. We have found that compared to the age-matched WT mice, DEC1 deficient mice show a decrease in locomotor activity and motor coordination, which shows the main features of Parkinson's disease(PD). But there is no significant difference in spatial learning and memory skills between WT and DEC1 KO mice. Compared to the age-matched WT mice, DEC1 deficient mice exhibit the loss of DA neurons in the SNpc and reduction of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. The activated caspase-3 and TH/TUNEL+ cells increase in the SNpc of 6- and 12-month-old DEC1 KO mice compared to those of the age-matched WT mice. But we haven't found any NeuN/TUNEL+ cell increase in the hippocampus of the above two types of mice at the age of 6 months. Furthermore, DEC1 deficiency leads to a significant inhibition of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Additionally, LiCl could rescue the DA neuron loss of midbrain in the 6-month-old DEC1 KO mice. Taken together, the loss of DA neurons in the DEC1 deficient mice potentially involves the downregulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,, Department of Pharmacology Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Yichen
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Ziheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Dinghao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ming
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Enfang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Gang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,, Department of Pharmacology Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yang Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McCrary MR, Jiang MQ, Giddens MM, Zhang JY, Owino S, Wei ZZ, Zhong W, Gu X, Xin H, Hall RA, Wei L, Yu SP. Protective effects of GPR37 via regulation of inflammation and multiple cell death pathways after ischemic stroke in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10680-10691. [PMID: 31268736 PMCID: PMC6766648 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900070r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GPCR 37 (GPR37) is a GPCR expressed in the CNS; its physiological and pathophysiological functions are largely unknown. We tested the role of GPR37 in the ischemic brain of GPR37 knockout (KO) mice, exploring the idea that GPR37 might be protective against ischemic damage. In an ischemic stroke model, GPR37 KO mice exhibited increased infarction and cell death compared with wild-type (WT) mice, measured by 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride and TUNEL staining 24 h after stroke. Moreover, more severe functional deficits were detected in GPR37 KO mice in the adhesive-removal and corner tests. In the peri-infarct region of GPR37 KO mice, there was significantly more apoptotic and autophagic cell death accompanied by caspase-3 activation and attenuated mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. GPR37 deletion attenuated astrocyte activation and astrogliosis compared with WT stroke controls 24-72 h after stroke. Immunohistochemical staining showed more ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-positive cells in the ischemic cortex of GPR37 KO mice, and RT-PCR identified an enrichment of M1-type microglia or macrophage markers in the GPR37 KO ischemic cortex. Western blotting demonstrated higher levels of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in GPR37-KO mice after ischemia. Thus, GPR37 plays a multifaceted role after stroke, suggesting a novel target for stroke therapy.-McCrary, M. R., Jiang, M. Q., Giddens, M. M., Zhang, J. Y., Owino, S., Wei, Z. Z., Zhong, W., Gu, X., Xin, H., Hall, R. A., Wei, L., Yu, S. P. Protective effects of GPR37 via regulation of inflammation and multiple cell death pathways after ischemic stroke in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myles R. McCrary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Q. Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle M. Giddens
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Y. Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Owino
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Z. Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Randy A. Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shan P. Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Saadi H, Shan Y, Marazziti D, Wray S. GPR37 Signaling Modulates Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Cells in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:200. [PMID: 31143101 PMCID: PMC6521704 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, regulate reproduction. Prenatally, GnRH neurons migrate into the brain from the nasal placode along terminal nerve fibers, intermixed with olfactory sensory axons and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). An expression analysis from embryonic GnRH neurons identified the G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37 or PAEL-r). GPR37 has been linked to (1) juvenile Parkinson's disease in humans, (2) oligodendrocyte differentiation, and (3) Wnt/β-catenin signaling during neurogenesis. In this study, the role of GPR37 was investigated in the developing GnRH/olfactory system. PCR and immunocytochemistry confirmed expression of GPR37 in migrating GnRH neurons as well as in OECs. Inhibition of GPR37 signaling in nasal explants attenuated GnRH neuronal migration and OEC movement. Examination of GPR37 deficient mice revealed a decrease in the olfactory bulb nerve layer and attenuated/delayed maturation and migration of GnRH neurons into the brain. These data demonstrate a developmental role for GPR37 signaling in neural migration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reproduction is controlled by gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons located in the central nervous system. Embryonically, GnRH neurons originate in the nasal/olfactory placode and migrate into the brain on axonal tracks from cells in the vomeronasal organ, intermixed with olfactory sensory axons and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). An expression analysis from embryonic GnRH neurons identified the G protein-coupled receptor 37. Here we show that inhibition of GPR37 signaling in nasal explants and mutant mice attenuated GnRH neuronal migration. Signaling via GPR37 also perturbed OEC movement, resulting in a decrease in the olfactory bulb nerve layer in vivo. Together, these results identify a new role for GPR37 signaling during development - modulating cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Saadi
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yufei Shan
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Susan Wray
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng W, Zhou J, Luan Y, Yang J, Ge Y, Wang M, Wu B, Wu Z, Chen X, Li F, Li Z, Vakal S, Guo W, Chen JF. Spatiotemporal Control of GPR37 Signaling and Its Behavioral Effects by Optogenetics. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:95. [PMID: 29643766 PMCID: PMC5882850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in deorphanization of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), ≈100 GPCRs are still classified as orphan receptors without identified endogenous ligands and with unknown physiological functions. The lack of endogenous ligands triggering GPCR signaling has hampered the study of orphan GPCR functions. Using GPR37 as an example, we provide here the first demonstration of the channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2)-GPCR approach to bypass the endogenous ligand and selectively activate the orphan GPCR signal by optogenetics. Inspired by the opto-XR approach, we designed the ChR2-GPR37 chimera, in which the corresponding parts of GPR37 replaced the intracellular portions of ChR2. We showed that optogenetic activation of ChR2/opto-GPR37 elicited specific GPR37 signaling, as evidenced by reduced cAMP level, enhanced ERK phosphorylation and increased motor activity, confirming the specificity of opto-GPR37 signaling. Besides, optogenetic activation of opto-GPR37 uncovered novel aspects of GPR37 signaling (such as IP-3 signaling) and anxiety-related behavior. Optogenetic activation of opto-GPR37 permits the causal analysis of GPR37 activity in the defined cells and behavioral responses of freely moving animals. Importantly, given the evolutionarily conserved seven-helix transmembrane structures of ChR2 and orphan GPCRs, we propose that opto-GPR37 approach can be readily applied to other orphan GPCRs for their deorphanization in freely moving animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zheng
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanan Luan
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianglan Yang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Muran Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongnan Wu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sergii Vakal
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry & Vision Science, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alavi MS, Shamsizadeh A, Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Roohbakhsh A. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors: The role in CNS disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:222-232. [PMID: 29268243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are various types of receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have the highest expression with a wide range of physiological functions. A newer sub group of these receptors namely orphan GPCRs have been discovered. GPR3, GPR6, GPR17, GPR26, GPR37, GPR39, GPR40, GPR50, GPR52, GPR54, GPR55, GPR85, GPR88, GPR103, and GPR139 are the selected orphan GPCRs for this article. Their roles in the central nervous system have not been understood well so far. However, recent studies show that they may have very important functions in the CNS. Hence, in the present study, we reviewed most recent findings regarding the physiological roles of the selected orphan GPCRs in the CNS. After a brief presentation of each receptor, considering the results from genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the receptors, their roles in the pathophysiology of different diseases and disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and substance abuse will be discussed. At present, our knowledge regarding the role of GPCRs in the brain is very limited. However, previous limited studies show that orphan GPCRs have an important place in psychopharmacology and these receptors are potential new targets for the treatment of major CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu B, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. Astroglia as a cellular target for neuroprotection and treatment of neuro-psychiatric disorders. Glia 2017; 65:1205-1226. [PMID: 28300322 PMCID: PMC5669250 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are key homeostatic cells of the central nervous system. They cooperate with neurons at several levels, including ion and water homeostasis, chemical signal transmission, blood flow regulation, immune and oxidative stress defense, supply of metabolites and neurogenesis. Astroglia is also important for viability and maturation of stem-cell derived neurons. Neurons critically depend on intrinsic protective and supportive properties of astrocytes. Conversely, all forms of pathogenic stimuli which disturb astrocytic functions compromise neuronal functionality and viability. Support of neuroprotective functions of astrocytes is thus an important strategy for enhancing neuronal survival and improving outcomes in disease states. In this review, we first briefly examine how astrocytic dysfunction contributes to major neurological disorders, which are traditionally associated with malfunctioning of processes residing in neurons. Possible molecular entities within astrocytes that could underpin the cause, initiation and/or progression of various disorders are outlined. In the second section, we explore opportunities enhancing neuroprotective function of astroglia. We consider targeting astrocyte-specific molecular pathways which are involved in neuroprotection or could be expected to have a therapeutic value. Examples of those are oxidative stress defense mechanisms, glutamate uptake, purinergic signaling, water and ion homeostasis, connexin gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and the Nrf2-ARE pathway. We propose that enhancing the neuroprotective capacity of astrocytes is a viable strategy for improving brain resilience and developing new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beihui Liu
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Anja G. Teschemacher
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Chemistry and BiologyBaltic Federal UniversityKaliningradRussian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
GPR37L1 modulates seizure susceptibility: Evidence from mouse studies and analyses of a human GPR37L1 variant. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:181-190. [PMID: 28688853 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) are disorders characterized by myoclonic and generalized seizures with progressive neurological deterioration. While several genetic causes for PMEs have been identified, the underlying causes remain unknown for a substantial portion of cases. Here we describe several affected individuals from a large, consanguineous family presenting with a novel PME in which symptoms begin in adolescence and result in death by early adulthood. Whole exome analyses revealed that affected individuals have a homozygous variant in GPR37L1 (c.1047G>T [Lys349Asn]), an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed predominantly in the brain. In vitro studies demonstrated that the K349N substitution in Gpr37L1 did not grossly alter receptor expression, surface trafficking or constitutive signaling in transfected cells. However, in vivo studies revealed that a complete loss of Gpr37L1 function in mice results in increased seizure susceptibility. Mice lacking the related receptor Gpr37 also exhibited an increase in seizure susceptibility, while genetic deletion of both receptors resulted in an even more dramatic increase in vulnerability to seizures. These findings provide evidence linking GPR37L1 and GPR37 to seizure etiology and demonstrate an association between a GPR37L1 variant and a novel progressive myoclonus epilepsy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Smith BM, Giddens MM, Neil J, Owino S, Nguyen TT, Duong D, Li F, Hall RA. Mice lacking Gpr37 exhibit decreased expression of the myelin-associated glycoprotein MAG and increased susceptibility to demyelination. Neuroscience 2017. [PMID: 28642167 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that is predominantly expressed in the brain and found at particularly high levels in oligodendrocytes. GPR37 has been shown to exert effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination during development, but the molecular basis of these actions is incompletely understood and moreover nothing is known about the potential role(s) of this receptor under demyelinating conditions. To shed light on the fundamental biology of GPR37, we performed proteomic studies comparing protein expression levels in the brains of mice lacking GPR37 and its close relative GPR37-like 1 (GPR37L1). These studies revealed that one of the proteins most sharply decreased in the brains of Gpr37/Gpr37L1 double knockout mice is the myelin-associated glycoprotein MAG. Follow-up Western blot studies confirmed this finding and demonstrated that genetic deletion of Gpr37, but not Gpr37L1, results in strikingly decreased brain expression of MAG. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that GPR37 and MAG form a complex when expressed together in cells. As loss of MAG has previously been shown to result in increased susceptibility to brain insults, we additionally assessed Gpr37-knockout (Gpr37-/-) vs. wild-type mice in the cuprizone model of demyelination. These studies revealed that Gpr37-/- mice exhibit dramatically increased loss of myelin in response to cuprizone, yet do not show any increased loss of oligodendrocyte precursor cells or mature oligodendrocytes. These findings reveal that loss of GPR37 alters oligodendrocyte physiology and increases susceptibility to demyelination, indicating that GPR37 could be a potential drug target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brilee M Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle M Giddens
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Neil
- Neurorepair Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Owino
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fengqiao Li
- Neurorepair Therapeutics, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Randy A Hall
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Leinartaité L, Svenningsson P. Folding Underlies Bidirectional Role of GPR37/Pael-R in Parkinson Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since conformational flexibility, which is required for the function of a protein, comes at the expense of structural stability, many proteins, including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are under constant risk of misfolding and aggregation. In this regard GPR37 (also named PAEL-R and ETBR-LP-1) takes a prominent role, particularly in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). GPR37 is a substrate for parkin and accumulates abnormally in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, contributing to endoplasmic reticulum stress and death of dopaminergic neurons. GPR37 also constitutes a core structure of Lewy bodies, demonstrating a more general involvement in PD pathology. However, if folded and matured properly, GPR37 seems to be neuroprotective. Moreover, GPR37 modulates functionality of the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D2 receptor and stimulates dopamine neurotransmission. Here we review the multiple roles of GPR37 with relevance to potential disease modification and symptomatic therapies of PD and highlight unsolved issues in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Leinartaité
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Butcher NJ, Horne MK, Mellick GD, Fowler CJ, Masters CL, Minchin RF. Sulfotransferase 1A3/4 copy number variation is associated with neurodegenerative disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:209-214. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
34
|
Berger BS, Acebron SP, Herbst J, Koch S, Niehrs C. Parkinson's disease-associated receptor GPR37 is an ER chaperone for LRP6. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:712-725. [PMID: 28341812 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a key role in embryonic development, stem cell biology, and neurogenesis. However, the mechanisms of Wnt signal transmission, notably how the receptors are regulated, remain incompletely understood. Here we describe that the Parkinson's disease-associated receptor GPR37 functions in the maturation of the N-terminal bulky β-propellers of the Wnt co-receptor LRP6. GPR37 is required for Wnt/β-catenin signaling and protects LRP6 from ER-associated degradation via CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) and the ATPase VCP GPR37 is highly expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) where it is required for Wnt-dependent neurogenesis. We conclude that GPR37 is crucial for cellular protein quality control during Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit S Berger
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio P Acebron
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Herbst
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany .,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang Y, Todd N, Thathiah A. The role of GPCRs in neurodegenerative diseases: avenues for therapeutic intervention. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 32:96-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
36
|
Rial D, Morató X, Real JI, Gonçalves FQ, Stagljar I, Pereira FC, Fernández-Dueñas V, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Parkinson's disease-associated GPR37 receptor regulates cocaine-mediated synaptic depression in corticostriatal synapses. Neurosci Lett 2016; 638:162-166. [PMID: 28007645 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in the brain. The precise function of GPR37 is still unknown, but a number of evidences indicate it modulates the dopaminergic system. Here, we aimed to determine the role of GPR37 on the control of cocaine-mediated electrophysiological effects (synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity) in corticostriatal synapses. Accordingly, we evaluated basal synaptic transmission and paired-pulse stimulation (PPS) in wild-type and GPR37KO mice slices. Regardless of the genotype, a low concentration of cocaine (2μM) did not modify basal synaptic transmission. Conversely, a higher dose of cocaine (30μM) decreased synaptic transmission in both genotypes, although with different intensities: approximately 30% in slices from wild-type mice and 45% in slices from GPR37-KO mice. On the other hand, no differences in PPS ratio were observed between wild-type and GPR37-KO cocaine-treated mice. Overall, our data suggest that GPR37 is involved in cocaine-induced modification of basal synaptic transmission without modifying cocaine effects in short-term plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana I Real
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada, Canada
| | | | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sex Biased Gene Expression Profiling of Human Brains at Major Developmental Stages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21181. [PMID: 26880485 PMCID: PMC4754746 DOI: 10.1038/srep21181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many differences in brain structure and function between males and females. However, how these differences were manifested during development and maintained through adulthood are still unclear. Here we present a time series analyses of genome-wide transcription profiles of the human brain, and we identified genes showing sex biased expression at major developmental stages (prenatal time, early childhood, puberty time and adulthood). We observed a great number of genes (>2,000 genes) showing between-sex expression divergence at all developmental stages with the greatest number (4,164 genes) at puberty time. However, there are little overlap of sex-biased genes among the major developmental stages, an indication of dynamic expression regulation of the sex-biased genes in the brain during development. Notably, the male biased genes are highly enriched for genes involved in neurological and psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease and autism, while no such pattern was seen for the female-biased genes, suggesting that the differences in brain disorder susceptibility between males and females are likely rooted from the sex-biased gene expression regulation during brain development. Collectively, these analyses reveal an important role of sex biased genes in brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mattila SO, Tuusa JT, Petäjä-Repo UE. The Parkinson's-disease-associated receptor GPR37 undergoes metalloproteinase-mediated N-terminal cleavage and ectodomain shedding. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1366-77. [PMID: 26869225 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor 37 ( GPR37) has been implicated in the juvenile form of Parkinson's disease, in dopamine signalling and in the survival of dopaminergic cells in animal models. The structure and function of the receptor, however, have remained enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that although GPR37 matures and is exported from the endoplasmic reticulum in a normal manner upon heterologous expression in HEK293 and SH-SY5Y cells, its long extracellular N-terminus is subject to metalloproteinase-mediated limited proteolysis between E167 and Q168. The proteolytic processing is a rapid and efficient process that occurs constitutively. Moreover, the GPR37 ectodomain is released from cells by shedding, a phenomenon rarely described for GPCRs. Immunofluorescence microscopy further established that although full-length receptors are present in the secretory pathway until the trans-Golgi network, GPR37 is expressed at the cell surface predominantly in the N-terminally truncated form. This notion was verified by flow cytometry and cell surface biotinylation assays. These new findings on the GPR37 N-terminal limited proteolysis may help us to understand the role of this GPCR in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and in neuronal function in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Orvokki Mattila
- Medical Research Center Oulu, and Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jussi T Tuusa
- Medical Research Center Oulu, and Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ulla E Petäjä-Repo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, and Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Smith NJ. Drug Discovery Opportunities at the Endothelin B Receptor-Related Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors, GPR37 and GPR37L1. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:275. [PMID: 26635605 PMCID: PMC4648071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a largely untapped resource for the treatment of a variety of diseases, despite sophisticated advances in drug discovery. Two promising orphan GPCRs are the endothelin B receptor-like proteins, GPR37 [ET(B)R-LP, Pael-R] and GPR37L1 [ET(B)R-LP-2]. Originally identified through searches for homologs of endothelin and bombesin receptors, neither GPR37 nor GPR37L1 were found to bind endothelins or related peptides. Instead, GPR37 was proposed to be activated by head activator (HA) and both GPR37 and GPR37L1 have been linked to the neuropeptides prosaposin and prosaptide, although these pairings are yet to be universally acknowledged. Both orphan GPCRs are widely expressed in the brain, where GPR37 has received the most attention for its link to Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism, while GPR37L1 deletion leads to precocious cerebellar development and hypertension. In this review, the existing pharmacology and physiology of GPR37 and GPR37L1 is discussed and the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting these receptors are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Smith
- Molecular Cardiology Program, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
mTORC2/rictor signaling disrupts dopamine-dependent behaviors via defects in striatal dopamine neurotransmission. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8843-54. [PMID: 26063917 PMCID: PMC4461689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0887-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted neuronal protein kinase B (Akt) signaling has been associated with dopamine (DA)-related neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, a devastating mental illness. We hypothesize that proper DA neurotransmission is therefore dependent upon intact neuronal Akt function. Akt is activated by phosphorylation of two key residues: Thr308 and Ser473. Blunted Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 (pAkt-473) has been observed in lymphocytes and postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients, and psychosis-prone normal individuals. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) is a multiprotein complex that is responsible for phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 (pAkt-473). We demonstrate that mice with disrupted mTORC2 signaling in brain exhibit altered striatal DA-dependent behaviors, such as increased basal locomotion, stereotypic counts, and exaggerated response to the psychomotor effects of amphetamine (AMPH). Combining in vivo and ex vivo pharmacological, electrophysiological, and biochemical techniques, we demonstrate that the changes in striatal DA neurotransmission and associated behaviors are caused, at least in part, by elevated D2 DA receptor (D2R) expression and upregulated ERK1/2 activation. Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic and D2R blocker, reduced AMPH hypersensitivity and elevated pERK1/2 to the levels of control animals. By viral gene delivery, we downregulated mTORC2 solely in the dorsal striatum of adult wild-type mice, demonstrating that striatal mTORC2 regulates AMPH-stimulated behaviors. Our findings implicate mTORC2 signaling as a novel pathway regulating striatal DA tone and D2R signaling.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lopes JP, Morató X, Souza C, Pinhal C, Machado NJ, Canas PM, Silva HB, Stagljar I, Gandía J, Fernández-Dueñas V, Luján R, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. The role of parkinson's disease-associated receptor GPR37 in the hippocampus: functional interplay with the adenosinergic system. J Neurochem 2015; 134:135-46. [PMID: 25824528 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor mostly enriched in brain areas such as the cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus. Identified as a substrate of parkin, GPR37 has been suggested to play a role in Parkinson's disease. Distributed throughout the brain, the function of GPR37, however, remains unknown. We now provide the first mapping of GPR37 within the hippocampus, where GPR37 is widely expressed and localized at the level of the extrasynaptic plasma membrane of dendritic spines, dendritic shafts, and axon terminals. GPR37 per se does not appear to play a role in learning and memory, since knocking out GPR37 (GPR37-KO) did not alter the performance in different hippocampal-related memory tasks. This is in agreement with slice electrophysiology experiments showing no differences both in short-term plasticity paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation between WT and GPR37-KO mice. However, we report a potential functional interaction between GPR37 and adenosine A2A receptors (A2 A R) in the hippocampus, with A2 A R modulating the GPR37-associated phenotype. Thus, the absence of GPR37 appeared to sensitize mice to hippocampal A2 A R-mediated signaling, as observed by the effect of the A2 A R antagonist SCH58261 increasing synaptic depotentiation, reducing novel object recognition memory and reverting the anxiolytic effect of GPR37 deletion. Collectively, these findings afford insight into the localization and role of the orphan GPR37 within the hippocampus with potential involvement in A2 A R function (i.e., A2 A R sensitization). GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed in the hippocampus and localized at the level of the extrasynaptic plasma membrane of dendritic spines, dendritic shafts and axon terminals. This orphan receptor per se does not appear to directly control the learning and memory processes; however knocking-out GPR37 triggers anxiolytic-like effects and sensitizes mice to hippocampal A2A R-mediated signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João P Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carolina Souza
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cindy Pinhal
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno J Machado
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jorge Gandía
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
La Sala G, Marazziti D, Di Pietro C, Golini E, Matteoni R, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Modulation of Dhh signaling and altered Sertoli cell function in mice lacking the GPR37-prosaposin receptor. FASEB J 2015; 29:2059-69. [PMID: 25609427 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian G-protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is expressed in brain, in adult testis, and during the early phase of gonad differentiation. Somatic Sertoli cells (SCs) are located within the seminiferous tubules where they support the germinal epithelium. An adequate number of SCs is required for the complete prepubertal differentiation of germ cells and adult fertility. This study shows that Gpr37 and its ligand prosaposin are both postnatally expressed by SCs, whose proliferation and maturation are affected in Gpr37-null mutant mice during postnatal testicular development. Mutant pups show a delayed timing in sperm cell development, with a partial arrest of spermatocytes at the meiotic pachytene (e.g., 1.5-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P21 pups) and their increased apoptosis (e.g., 1.8-fold and 3.5-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P21 and adult mice, respectively). Mutant adults have reduced testis weight (wild type, 299 ± 5 mg; knockout, 258 ± 16 mg; P < 0.05) and epididymal sperm count and motility (e.g., 1.5-fold and 1.45-fold decrease in Gpr37(-/-) mice, respectively). Lack of Gpr37 results in the reduction in androgen receptor levels during prepubertal testis development, alongside the altered expression of SC maturation markers. It also affects the prepubertal testis expression of desert hedgehog (Dhh) mitogenic cascade components (Dhh, 1.3-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P10 and P21 pups; Gli2, 1.4-fold and 1.6-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P10 and P21 pups, respectively) including patched homolog 1 (1.3-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P10 and P21 pups), which is found localized in prepubertal SCs and is associated with Gpr37 in cultured primary SC samples. These results indicate that Gpr37 is a specific modulator of murine testis Dhh mitogenic signaling and SC proliferation and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina La Sala
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Golini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafaele Matteoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dutta P, O'Connell KE, Ozkan SB, Sailer AW, Dev KK. The protein interacting with C-kinase (PICK1) interacts with and attenuates parkin-associated endothelial-like (PAEL) receptor-mediated cell death. J Neurochem 2014; 130:360-73. [PMID: 24749734 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The parkin-associated endothelial-like receptor (PAELR, GPR37) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that interacts with and is degraded by parkin-mediated ubiquitination. Mutations in parkin are thought to result in PAELR accumulation and increase neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we find that the protein interacting with C-kinase (PICK1) interacts with PAELR. Specifically, the Postsynaptic density protein-95/Discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain of PICK1 interacted with the last three residues of the c-terminal (ct) located PDZ motif of PAELR. Pull-down assays indicated that recombinant and native PICK1, obtained from heterologous cells and rat brain tissue, respectively, were retained by a glutathione S-transferase fusion of ct-PAELR. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation studies isolated a PAELR-PICK1 complex from transiently transfected cells. PICK1 interacts with parkin and our data showed that PICK1 reduces PAELR expression levels in transiently transfected heterologous cells compared to a PICK1 mutant that does not interact with PAELR. Finally, PICK1 over-expression in HEK293 cells reduced cell death induced by PAEALR over-expression during rotenone treatment and these effects of PICK1 were attenuated during inhibition of the proteasome. These results suggest a role for PICK1 in preventing PAELR-induced cell toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dutta
- Molecular Neuropharmacology, Drug Development, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tomita H, Ziegler ME, Kim HB, Evans SJ, Choudary PV, Li JZ, Meng F, Dai M, Myers RM, Neal CR, Speed TP, Barchas JD, Schatzberg AF, Watson SJ, Akil H, Jones EG, Bunney WE, Vawter MP. G protein-linked signaling pathways in bipolar and major depressive disorders. Front Genet 2013; 4:297. [PMID: 24391664 PMCID: PMC3870297 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein linked signaling system (GPLS) comprises a large number of G-proteins, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPCR ligands, and downstream effector molecules. G-proteins interact with both GPCRs and downstream effectors such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), phosphatidylinositols, and ion channels. The GPLS is implicated in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). This study evaluated whether GPLS is altered at the transcript level. The gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate (ACC) were compared from MDD, BPD, and control subjects using Affymetrix Gene Chips and real time quantitative PCR. High quality brain tissue was used in the study to control for confounding effects of agonal events, tissue pH, RNA integrity, gender, and age. GPLS signaling transcripts were altered especially in the ACC of BPD and MDD subjects. Transcript levels of molecules which repress cAMP activity were increased in BPD and decreased in MDD. Two orphan GPCRs, GPRC5B and GPR37, showed significantly decreased expression levels in MDD, and significantly increased expression levels in BPD. Our results suggest opposite changes in BPD and MDD in the GPLS, “activated” cAMP signaling activity in BPD and “blunted” cAMP signaling activity in MDD. GPRC5B and GPR37 both appear to have behavioral effects, and are also candidate genes for neurodegenerative disorders. In the context of the opposite changes observed in BPD and MDD, these GPCRs warrant further study of their brain effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA ; Department of Biological Psychiatry, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan ; Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mary E Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA ; Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine CA, USA
| | - Helen B Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA ; Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine CA, USA
| | - Simon J Evans
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jun Z Li
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Manhong Dai
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Charles R Neal
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Terry P Speed
- Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley CA, USA
| | - Jack D Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward G Jones
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - William E Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, CA, USA ; Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huang X, Wang Y, Nan X, He S, Xu X, Zhu X, Tang J, Yang X, Yao L, Wang X, Cheng C. The role of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) in multiple myeloma cells. Leuk Res 2013; 38:225-35. [PMID: 24290813 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is homologous to endothelin (ETB-R) and bombesin (GRP-R, NMB-R) receptors. The present study was undertaken to determine the expression and functional significance of GPR37 in human multiple myeloma (MM). We found that GPR37 was lowly expressed in MM cell adhesion model and highly expressed in proliferating cells. In vitro, meddling with the expression of GPR37 affected the CAM-DR by regulating the ability of cell adhesion and the activity of Akt and ERK in MM cells. Further studies indicated the positive role of GPR37 in the proliferation of MM cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianting Huang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Nan
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
GPR37 and GPR37L1 are receptors for the neuroprotective and glioprotective factors prosaptide and prosaposin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9529-34. [PMID: 23690594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR37 (also known as Pael-R) and GPR37L1 are orphan G protein-coupled receptors that are almost exclusively expressed in the nervous system. We screened these receptors for potential activation by various orphan neuropeptides, and these screens yielded a single positive hit: prosaptide, which promoted the endocytosis of GPR37 and GPR37L1, bound to both receptors and activated signaling in a GPR37- and GPR37L1-dependent manner. Prosaptide stimulation of cells transfected with GPR37 or GPR37L1 induced the phosphorylation of ERK in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner, stimulated (35)S-GTPγS binding, and promoted the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production. Because prosaptide is the active fragment of the secreted neuroprotective and glioprotective factor prosaposin (also known as sulfated glycoprotein-1), we purified full-length prosaposin and found that it also stimulated GPR37 and GPR37L1 signaling. Moreover, both prosaptide and prosaposin were found to protect primary astrocytes against oxidative stress, with these protective effects being attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous astrocytic GPR37 or GPR37L1. These data reveal that GPR37 and GPR37L1 are receptors for the neuroprotective and glioprotective factors prosaptide and prosaposin.
Collapse
|
47
|
Mandillo S, Golini E, Marazziti D, Di Pietro C, Matteoni R, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Mice lacking the Parkinson's related GPR37/PAEL receptor show non-motor behavioral phenotypes: age and gender effect. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:465-77. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mandillo
- CNR-National Research Council, IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; EMMA-Infrafrontier-IMPC; Monterotondo Scalo; Rome; Italy
| | - E. Golini
- CNR-National Research Council, IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; EMMA-Infrafrontier-IMPC; Monterotondo Scalo; Rome; Italy
| | - D. Marazziti
- CNR-National Research Council, IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; EMMA-Infrafrontier-IMPC; Monterotondo Scalo; Rome; Italy
| | - C. Di Pietro
- CNR-National Research Council, IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; EMMA-Infrafrontier-IMPC; Monterotondo Scalo; Rome; Italy
| | - R. Matteoni
- CNR-National Research Council, IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; EMMA-Infrafrontier-IMPC; Monterotondo Scalo; Rome; Italy
| | - G. P. Tocchini-Valentini
- CNR-National Research Council, IBCN-Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; EMMA-Infrafrontier-IMPC; Monterotondo Scalo; Rome; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chidiac P, Hébert TE. GPCR Retreat 2012: timing is everything. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:129-34. [PMID: 23351073 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2012.759592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In London, Ontario, the 13th Annual Joint meeting of the Great Lakes GPCR Retreat and the Club des Récepteurs à Sept Domaines Transmembranaires (known simply as the GPCR Retreat) was held on 17-19 October 2012, organized by Steve Ferguson and Peter Chidiac. This meeting gathered together a core group of investigators from Michigan, Ontario and Québec and has steadily increased its attendance in both the eastern (Europe) and western (USA, Canada) directions. This year's buzz naturally centered around the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won the week before by Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work on receptor structure and function. Michel Bouvier provided a heartfelt tribute to one of the attendees, Marc Caron, a pioneer in the GPCR field, has made many contributions to the work that led to this year's Nobel Prize. The meeting featured interesting sessions on the physiological roles of GPCRs in the nervous system, circadian biology and cancer, dealing at the cellular and molecular level with GPCR, G protein and effector structure and function, regulation and trafficking--with an overall focus on how to move molecular pharmacology in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chidiac
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fujita-Jimbo E, Yu ZL, Li H, Yamagata T, Mori M, Momoi T, Momoi MY. Mutation in Parkinson disease-associated, G-protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37/PaelR) is related to autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51155. [PMID: 23251443 PMCID: PMC3520984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular pathogenesis of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder. Here we identified two mutations in the G-protein-coupled receptor 37 gene (GPR37) localized on chromosome 7q31–33, called the AUTS1 region, of ASD patients; 1585–1587 ttc del (Del312F) in one Japanese patient and G2324A (R558Q) in one Caucasian patient. The Del312F was located in the conserved transmembrane domain, and the R558Q was located in a conserved region just distal to the last transmembrane domain. In addition, a potential ASD-related GPR37 variant, T589M, was found in 7 affected Caucasian men from five different families. Our results suggested that some alleles in GPR37 were related to the deleterious effect of ASD. GPR37 is associated with the dopamine transporter to modulate dopamine uptake, and regulates behavioral responses to dopaminergic drugs. Thus, dopaminergic neurons may be involved in the ASD. However, we also detected the Del321F mutation in the patient's unaffected father and R558Q in not only an affected brother but also an unaffected mother. The identification of unaffected parents that carried the mutated alleles suggested that the manifestation of ASD was also influenced by factors other than these mutations, including endoplasmic reticulum stress of the mutated proteins or gender. Our study will provide the new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Fujita-Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masato Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Momoi
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mariko Y. Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lundius EG, Stroth N, Vukojević V, Terenius L, Svenningsson P. Functional GPR37 trafficking protects against toxicity induced by 6-OHDA, MPP+ or rotenone in a catecholaminergic cell line. J Neurochem 2012; 124:410-7. [PMID: 23121049 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and is accumulating in Lewy bodies within afflicted brain regions. Over-expressed GPR37 is prone to misfolding and aggregation, causing cell death via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Although the cytotoxicity of misfolded GPR37 is well established, effects of the functional receptor on cell viability are still unknown. An N2a cell line stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged human GPR37 was created to study its trafficking and effects on cell viability upon challenge with the toxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), rotenone and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Neuronal-like differentiation into a tyrosine hydroxylase expressing phenotype, using dibutyryl-cAMP, induced trafficking of GPR37 to the plasma membrane. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cell death assays revealed that GPR37 was protective against all three toxins in differentiated cells. In undifferentiated cells, the majority of GPR37 was cytoplasmic and the protective effects were more variable: GPR37 expression protected against rotenone and MPP+ but not against 6-OHDA in MTT assays, while it protected against 6-OHDA but not against MPP+ or rotenone in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. These results suggest that GPR37 functionally trafficked to the plasma membrane protects against toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Gregorsson Lundius
- Laboratory of Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine/Translational Neuropharmacology, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|