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Yao Y, Gupta D, Yelon D. The MEK-ERK signaling pathway promotes maintenance of cardiac chamber identity. Development 2024; 151:dev202183. [PMID: 38293792 PMCID: PMC10911121 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Ventricular and atrial cardiac chambers have unique structural and contractile characteristics that underlie their distinct functions. The maintenance of chamber-specific features requires active reinforcement, even in differentiated cardiomyocytes. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown that sustained FGF signaling acts upstream of Nkx factors to maintain ventricular identity, but the rest of this maintenance pathway remains unclear. Here, we show that MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling acts downstream of FGF and upstream of Nkx factors to promote ventricular maintenance. Inhibition of MEK signaling, like inhibition of FGF signaling, results in ectopic atrial gene expression and reduced ventricular gene expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes. FGF and MEK signaling both influence ventricular maintenance over a similar timeframe, when phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is present in the myocardium. However, the role of FGF-MEK activity appears to be context-dependent: some ventricular regions are more sensitive than others to inhibition of FGF-MEK signaling. Additionally, in the atrium, although endogenous pERK does not induce ventricular traits, heightened MEK signaling can provoke ectopic ventricular gene expression. Together, our data reveal chamber-specific roles of MEK-ERK signaling in the maintenance of ventricular and atrial identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deepam Gupta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Okumura K, Ioka T, Sakabe M. Loss of myocardial Hey2/Hrt2 function disrupts rightward shift of atrioventricular cushion tissue and causes tricuspid atresia. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:107-118. [PMID: 37042466 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocardial cushion tissue is primordia of the valves and septa of the adult heart, and its malformation causes various congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Tricuspid atresia (TA) is defined as congenital absence or agenesis of the tricuspid valve caused by endocardial cushion defects. However, little is known about what type of endocardial cushion defect causes TA. RESULTS Using three-dimensional volume rendering image analysis, we demonstrated morphological changes of endocardial cushion tissue in developing Hey2/Hrt2 KO mouse embryos that showed malformation of the tricuspid valve, which resembled human TA at neonatal period. In control embryos, atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushion tissues showed rightward shift to form a tricuspid valve. However, the rightward shift of endocardial cushion tissue was disrupted in Hey2/Hrt2 KO embryos, leading to the misalignment of AV cushions. We also found that muscular tissue filled up the space between the right atrium and ventricle, resulting in the absence of the tricuspid valve. Moreover, analysis using tissue-specific conditional KO mice showed that HEY2/HRT2-expressing myocardium may physically regulate the AV shift. CONCLUSION Disruption of rightward cushion movement is an initial cue of TA phenotype, and myocardial HEY2/HRT2 is necessary for the regulation of proper alignment of AV endocardial cushion tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okumura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahide Sakabe
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Sweat ME, Cao Y, Zhang X, Burnicka-Turek O, Perez-Cervantes C, Arulsamy K, Lu F, Keating EM, Akerberg BN, Ma Q, Wakimoto H, Gorham JM, Hill LD, Kyoung Song M, Trembley MA, Wang P, Gianeselli M, Prondzynski M, Bortolin RH, Bezzerides VJ, Chen K, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Moskowitz IP, Pu WT. Tbx5 maintains atrial identity in post-natal cardiomyocytes by regulating an atrial-specific enhancer network. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:881-898. [PMID: 38344303 PMCID: PMC10854392 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how the atrial and ventricular heart chambers maintain distinct identities is a prerequisite for treating chamber-specific diseases. Here, we selectively knocked out (KO) the transcription factor Tbx5 in the atrial working myocardium to evaluate its requirement for atrial identity. Atrial Tbx5 inactivation downregulated atrial cardiomyocyte (aCM) selective gene expression. Using concurrent single nucleus transcriptome and open chromatin profiling, genomic accessibility differences were identified between control and Tbx5 KO aCMs, revealing that 69% of the control-enriched ATAC regions were bound by TBX5. Genes associated with these regions were downregulated in KO aCMs, suggesting they function as TBX5-dependent enhancers. Comparing enhancer chromatin looping using H3K27ac HiChIP identified 510 chromatin loops sensitive to TBX5 dosage, and 74.8% of control-enriched loops contained anchors in control-enriched ATAC regions. Together, these data demonstrate TBX5 maintains the atrial gene expression program by binding to and preserving the tissue-specific chromatin architecture of atrial enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason E Sweat
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yangpo Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ozanna Burnicka-Turek
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Carlos Perez-Cervantes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kulandai Arulsamy
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Fujian Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Erin M Keating
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Brynn N Akerberg
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren D Hill
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mi Kyoung Song
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michael A Trembley
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peizhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Matteo Gianeselli
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Raul H Bortolin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vassilios J Bezzerides
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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4
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Watanabe Y, Wang Y, Tanaka Y, Iwase A, Kawamura T, Saga Y, Yashiro K, Kurihara H, Nakagawa O. Hey2 enhancer activity defines unipotent progenitors for left ventricular cardiomyocytes in juxta-cardiac field of early mouse embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307658120. [PMID: 37669370 PMCID: PMC10500178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac crescent is the first structure of the heart and contains progenitor cells of the first heart field, which primarily differentiate into left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The interface between the forming cardiac crescent and extraembryonic tissue is known as the juxta-cardiac field (JCF), and progenitor cells in this heart field contribute to the myocardium of the left ventricle and atrioventricular canal as well as the epicardium. However, it is unclear whether there are progenitor cells that differentiate specifically into left ventricular cardiomyocytes. We have previously demonstrated that an enhancer of the gene encoding the Hey2 bHLH transcriptional repressor is activated in the ventricular myocardium during mouse embryonic development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and their cell lineages by analyzing Hey2 enhancer activity at the earliest stages of heart formation. We found that the Hey2 enhancer initiated its activity prior to cardiomyocyte differentiation within the JCF. Hey2 enhancer-active cells were present rostrally to the Tbx5-expressing region at the early phase of cardiac crescent formation and differentiated exclusively into left ventricular cardiomyocytes in a lineage distinct from the Tbx5-positive lineage. By the late phase of cardiac crescent formation, Hey2 enhancer activity became significantly overlapped with Tbx5 expression in cells that contribute to the left ventricular myocardium. Our study reveals that a population of unipotent progenitor cells for left ventricular cardiomyocytes emerge in the JCF, providing further insight into the mode of cell type diversification during early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
| | - Yunce Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga525-8577, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka411-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Anatomy, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo, Kyoto602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka564-8565, Japan
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Lu YW, Liang Z, Guo H, Fernandes T, Espinoza-Lewis RA, Wang T, Li K, Li X, Singh GB, Wang Y, Cowan D, Mably JD, Philpott CC, Chen H, Wang DZ. PCBP1 regulates alternative splicing of AARS2 in congenital cardiomyopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.540420. [PMID: 37293078 PMCID: PMC10245752 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.540420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alanyl-transfer RNA synthetase 2 (AARS2) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial tRNA synthetase that is responsible for charging of tRNA-Ala with alanine during mitochondrial translation. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the Aars2 gene, including those affecting its splicing, are linked to infantile cardiomyopathy in humans. However, how Aars2 regulates heart development, and the underlying molecular mechanism of heart disease remains unknown. Here, we found that poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1) interacts with the Aars2 transcript to mediate its alternative splicing and is critical for the expression and function of Aars2. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Pcbp1 in mice resulted in defects in heart development that are reminiscent of human congenital cardiac defects, including noncompaction cardiomyopathy and a disruption of the cardiomyocyte maturation trajectory. Loss of Pcbp1 led to an aberrant alternative splicing and a premature termination of Aars2 in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, Aars2 mutant mice with exon-16 skipping recapitulated heart developmental defects observed in Pcbp1 mutant mice. Mechanistically, we found dysregulated gene and protein expression of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in both Pcbp1 and Aars2 mutant hearts; these date provide further evidence that the infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with the disorder oxidative phosphorylation defect type 8 (COXPD8) is mediated by Aars2. Our study therefore identifies Pcbp1 and Aars2 as critical regulators of heart development and provides important molecular insights into the role of disruptions in metabolism on congenital heart defects.
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6
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Martin KE, Ravisankar P, Beerens M, MacRae CA, Waxman JS. Nr2f1a maintains atrial nkx2.5 expression to repress pacemaker identity within venous atrial cardiomyocytes of zebrafish. eLife 2023; 12:e77408. [PMID: 37184369 PMCID: PMC10185342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cardiomyocyte identity is vital for normal heart development and function. However, our understanding of cardiomyocyte plasticity remains incomplete. Here, we show that sustained expression of the zebrafish transcription factor Nr2f1a prevents the progressive acquisition of ventricular cardiomyocyte (VC) and pacemaker cardiomyocyte (PC) identities within distinct regions of the atrium. Transcriptomic analysis of flow-sorted atrial cardiomyocytes (ACs) from nr2f1a mutant zebrafish embryos showed increased VC marker gene expression and altered expression of core PC regulatory genes, including decreased expression of nkx2.5, a critical repressor of PC differentiation. At the arterial (outflow) pole of the atrium in nr2f1a mutants, cardiomyocytes resolve to VC identity within the expanded atrioventricular canal. However, at the venous (inflow) pole of the atrium, there is a progressive wave of AC transdifferentiation into PCs across the atrium toward the arterial pole. Restoring Nkx2.5 is sufficient to repress PC marker identity in nr2f1a mutant atria and analysis of chromatin accessibility identified an Nr2f1a-dependent nkx2.5 enhancer expressed in the atrial myocardium directly adjacent to PCs. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the putative nkx2.5 enhancer leads to a loss of Nkx2.5-expressing ACs and expansion of a PC reporter, supporting that Nr2f1a limits PC differentiation within venous ACs via maintaining nkx2.5 expression. The Nr2f-dependent maintenance of AC identity within discrete atrial compartments may provide insights into the molecular etiology of concurrent structural congenital heart defects and associated arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E Martin
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Manu Beerens
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genetics and Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
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7
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Dark N, Cosson MV, Tsansizi LI, Owen TJ, Ferraro E, Francis AJ, Tsai S, Bouissou C, Weston A, Collinson L, Abi-Gerges N, Miller PE, MacLeod KT, Ehler E, Mitter R, Harding SE, Smith JC, Bernardo AS. Generation of left ventricle-like cardiomyocytes with improved structural, functional, and metabolic maturity from human pluripotent stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100456. [PMID: 37159667 PMCID: PMC10163040 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Decreased left ventricle (LV) function caused by genetic mutations or injury often leads to debilitating and fatal cardiovascular disease. LV cardiomyocytes are, therefore, a potentially valuable therapeutical target. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are neither homogeneous nor functionally mature, which reduces their utility. Here, we exploit cardiac development knowledge to instruct differentiation of hPSCs specifically toward LV cardiomyocytes. Correct mesoderm patterning and retinoic acid pathway blocking are essential to generate near-homogenous LV-specific hPSC-CMs (hPSC-LV-CMs). These cells transit via first heart field progenitors and display typical ventricular action potentials. Importantly, hPSC-LV-CMs exhibit increased metabolism, reduced proliferation, and improved cytoarchitecture and functional maturity compared with age-matched cardiomyocytes generated using the standard WNT-ON/WNT-OFF protocol. Similarly, engineered heart tissues made from hPSC-LV-CMs are better organized, produce higher force, and beat more slowly but can be paced to physiological levels. Together, we show that functionally matured hPSC-LV-CMs can be obtained rapidly without exposure to current maturation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenza I. Tsansizi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreia S. Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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Sweat ME, Cao Y, Zhang X, Burnicka-Turek O, Perez-Cervantes C, Akerberg BN, Ma Q, Wakimoto H, Gorham JM, Song MK, Trembley MA, Wang P, Lu F, Gianeselli M, Prondzynski M, Bortolin RH, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Moskowitz IP, Pu WT. Tbx5 maintains atrial identity by regulating an atrial enhancer network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537535. [PMID: 37131696 PMCID: PMC10153240 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart maintain their distinct identity is a prerequisite for treating chamber-specific diseases. Here, we selectively inactivated the transcription factor Tbx5 in the atrial working myocardium of the neonatal mouse heart to show that it is required to maintain atrial identity. Atrial Tbx5 inactivation downregulated highly chamber specific genes such as Myl7 and Nppa , and conversely, increased the expression of ventricular identity genes including Myl2 . Using combined single nucleus transcriptome and open chromatin profiling, we assessed genomic accessibility changes underlying the altered atrial identity expression program, identifying 1846 genomic loci with greater accessibility in control atrial cardiomyocytes compared to KO aCMs. 69% of the control-enriched ATAC regions were bound by TBX5, demonstrating a role for TBX5 in maintaining atrial genomic accessibility. These regions were associated with genes that had higher expression in control aCMs compared to KO aCMs, suggesting they act as TBX5-dependent enhancers. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing enhancer chromatin looping using HiChIP and found 510 chromatin loops that were sensitive to TBX5 dosage. Of the loops enriched in control aCMs, 73.7% contained anchors in control-enriched ATAC regions. Together, these data demonstrate a genomic role for TBX5 in maintaining the atrial gene expression program by binding to atrial enhancers and preserving tissue-specific chromatin architecture of atrial enhancers.
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9
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Smooth muscle protein 22α-Cre recombination in resting cardiac fibroblasts and hematopoietic precursors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11564. [PMID: 35798848 PMCID: PMC9263136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cre-loxP system has been widely used for cell- or organ-specific gene manipulation, but it is important to precisely understand what kind of cells the recombination takes place in. Smooth muscle 22α (SM22α)-Cre mice have been utilized to alter genes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), activated fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes (CMs). Moreover, previous reports indicated that SM22α-Cre is expressed in adipocytes, platelets or myeloid cells. However, there have been no report of whether SM22α-Cre recombination takes place in nonCMs in hearts. Thus, we used the double-fluorescent Cre reporter mouse in which GFP is expressed when recombination occurs. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that recombination occurred in resting cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) or macrophages, as well as VSMCs and CMs. Flow cytometry showed that some CFs, resident macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and B cells were positive for GFP. These results prompted us to analyze bone marrow cells, and we observed GFP-positive hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs). Taken together, these results indicated that SM22α-Cre-mediated recombination occurs in resting CFs and hematopoietic cell lineages, including HPCs, which is a cautionary point when using SM22α-Cre mice.
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10
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Wu T, Liang Z, Zhang Z, Liu C, Zhang L, Gu Y, Peterson KL, Evans SM, Fu XD, Chen J. PRDM16 Is a Compact Myocardium-Enriched Transcription Factor Required to Maintain Compact Myocardial Cardiomyocyte Identity in Left Ventricle. Circulation 2022; 145:586-602. [PMID: 34915728 PMCID: PMC8860879 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) was discovered half a century ago as a cardiomyopathy with excessive trabeculation and a thin ventricular wall. In the decades since, numerous studies have demonstrated that LVNC primarily has an effect on left ventricles (LVs) and is often associated with LV dilation and dysfunction. However, in part because of the lack of suitable mouse models that faithfully mirror the selective LV vulnerability in patients, mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of LVs to dilation and dysfunction in LVNC remain unknown. Genetic studies have revealed that deletions and mutations in PRDM16 (PR domain-containing 16) cause LVNC, but previous conditional Prdm16 knockout mouse models do not mirror the LVNC phenotype in patients, and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which PRDM16 deficiency causes LVNC are still unclear. METHODS Prdm16 cardiomyocyte-specific knockout (Prdm16cKO) mice were generated and analyzed for cardiac phenotypes. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation deep sequencing were performed to identify direct transcriptional targets of PRDM16 in cardiomyocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing in combination with spatial transcriptomics was used to determine cardiomyocyte identity at the single-cell level. RESULTS Cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of Prdm16 in mice caused LV-specific dilation and dysfunction, as well as biventricular noncompaction, which fully recapitulated LVNC in patients. PRDM16 functioned mechanistically as a compact myocardium-enriched transcription factor that activated compact myocardial genes while repressing trabecular myocardial genes in LV compact myocardium. Consequently, Prdm16cKO LV compact myocardial cardiomyocytes shifted from their normal transcriptomic identity to a transcriptional signature resembling trabecular myocardial cardiomyocytes or neurons. Chamber-specific transcriptional regulation by PRDM16 was attributable in part to its cooperation with LV-enriched transcription factors Tbx5 and Hand1. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that disruption of proper specification of compact cardiomyocytes may play a key role in the pathogenesis of LVNC. They also shed light on underlying mechanisms of the LV-restricted transcriptional program governing LV chamber growth and maturation, providing a tangible explanation for the susceptibility of LV in a subset of LVNC cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongbin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhengyu Liang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Zengming Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kirk L. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sylvia M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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11
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Disease Modeling and Disease Gene Discovery in Cardiomyopathies: A Molecular Study of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generated Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073311. [PMID: 33805011 PMCID: PMC8037452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro modeling of cardiac development and cardiomyopathies in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) provides opportunities to aid the discovery of genetic, molecular, and developmental changes that are causal to, or influence, cardiomyopathies and related diseases. To better understand the functional and disease modeling potential of iPSC-differentiated CMs and to provide a proof of principle for large, epidemiological-scale disease gene discovery approaches into cardiomyopathies, well-characterized CMs, generated from validated iPSCs of 12 individuals who belong to four sibships, and one of whom reported a major adverse cardiac event (MACE), were analyzed by genome-wide mRNA sequencing. The generated CMs expressed CM-specific genes and were highly concordant in their total expressed transcriptome across the 12 samples (correlation coefficient at 95% CI =0.92 ± 0.02). The functional annotation and enrichment analysis of the 2116 genes that were significantly upregulated in CMs suggest that generated CMs have a transcriptomic and functional profile of immature atrial-like CMs; however, the CMs-upregulated transcriptome also showed high overlap and significant enrichment in primary cardiomyocyte (p-value = 4.36 × 10−9), primary heart tissue (p-value = 1.37 × 10−41) and cardiomyopathy (p-value = 1.13 × 10−21) associated gene sets. Modeling the effect of MACE in the generated CMs-upregulated transcriptome identified gene expression phenotypes consistent with the predisposition of the MACE-affected sibship to arrhythmia, prothrombotic, and atherosclerosis risk.
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12
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Martin KE, Waxman JS. Atrial and Sinoatrial Node Development in the Zebrafish Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020015. [PMID: 33572147 PMCID: PMC7914448 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the vertebrate heart is vital for embryonic and postnatal life. Many congenital heart defects in humans are associated with disruption of genes that direct the formation or maintenance of atrial and pacemaker cardiomyocytes at the venous pole of the heart. Zebrafish are an outstanding model for studying vertebrate cardiogenesis, due to the conservation of molecular mechanisms underlying early heart development, external development, and ease of genetic manipulation. Here, we discuss early developmental mechanisms that instruct appropriate formation of the venous pole in zebrafish embryos. We primarily focus on signals that determine atrial chamber size and the specialized pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node through directing proper specification and differentiation, as well as contemporary insights into the plasticity and maintenance of cardiomyocyte identity in embryonic zebrafish hearts. Finally, we integrate how these insights into zebrafish cardiogenesis can serve as models for human atrial defects and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E. Martin
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yao Y, Marra AN, Yelon D. Pathways Regulating Establishment and Maintenance of Cardiac Chamber Identity in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33572830 PMCID: PMC7912383 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart is comprised of two types of chambers-ventricles and atria-that have unique morphological and physiological properties. Effective cardiac function depends upon the distinct characteristics of ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes, raising interest in the genetic pathways that regulate chamber-specific traits. Chamber identity seems to be specified in the early embryo by signals that establish ventricular and atrial progenitor populations and trigger distinct differentiation pathways. Intriguingly, chamber-specific features appear to require active reinforcement, even after myocardial differentiation is underway, suggesting plasticity of chamber identity within the developing heart. Here, we review the utility of the zebrafish as a model organism for studying the mechanisms that establish and maintain cardiac chamber identity. By combining genetic and embryological approaches, work in zebrafish has revealed multiple players with potent influences on chamber fate specification and commitment. Going forward, analysis of cardiomyocyte identity at the single-cell level is likely to yield a high-resolution understanding of the pathways that link the relevant players together, and these insights will have the potential to inform future strategies in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (Y.Y.); (A.N.M.)
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14
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Seya D, Ihara D, Shirai M, Kawamura T, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa O. A role of Hey2 transcription factor for right ventricle development through regulation of Tbx2-Mycn pathway during cardiac morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:82-92. [PMID: 33410138 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hey2 is expressed in the ventricular myocardium and endocardium of mouse embryos, and Hey2 null mice die perinatally showing ventricular septal defect, dysplastic tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle. In order to understand region-specific roles of Hey2 during cardiac morphogenesis, we generated Hey2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice using Mef2c-AHF-Cre, which was active in the anterior part of the second heart field and the right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart. Hey2 cKO neonates reproduced three anomalies commonly observed in Hey2 null mice. An earliest morphological defect was the lack of right ventricular extension along the apico-basal axis at midgestational stages. Underdevelopment of the right ventricle was present in all cKO neonates including those without apparent atresia of right-sided atrioventricular connection. RNA sequencing analysis of cKO embryos identified that the gene expression of a non-chamber T-box factor Tbx2 was ectopically induced in the chamber myocardium of the right ventricle. Consistently, mRNA expression of the Mycn transcription factor, which was a cell cycle regulator transcriptionally repressed by Tbx2, was down regulated, and the number of S-phase cells was significantly decreased in the right ventricle of cKO heart. These results suggest that Hey2 plays an important role in right ventricle development during cardiac morphogenesis, at least in part, through mitigating Tbx2-dependent inhibition of Mycn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Seya
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirai
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Watanabe Y, Seya D, Ihara D, Ishii S, Uemoto T, Kubo A, Arai Y, Isomoto Y, Nakano A, Abe T, Shigeta M, Kawamura T, Saito Y, Ogura T, Nakagawa O. Importance of endothelial Hey1 expression for thoracic great vessel development and its distal enhancer for Notch-dependent endothelial transcription. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17632-17645. [PMID: 33454003 PMCID: PMC7762959 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic great vessels such as the aorta and subclavian arteries are formed through dynamic remodeling of embryonic pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). Previous work has shown that loss of a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hey1 in mice causes abnormal fourth PAA development and lethal great vessel anomalies resembling congenital malformations in humans. However, how Hey1 mediates vascular formation remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that Hey1 in vascular endothelial cells, but not in smooth muscle cells, played essential roles for PAA development and great vessel morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Tek-Cre-mediated Hey1 deletion in endothelial cells affected endothelial tube formation and smooth muscle differentiation in embryonic fourth PAAs and resulted in interruption of the aortic arch and other great vessel malformations. Cell specificity and signal responsiveness of Hey1 expression were controlled through multiple cis-regulatory regions. We found two distal genomic regions that had enhancer activity in endothelial cells and in the pharyngeal epithelium and somites, respectively. The novel endothelial enhancer was conserved across species and was specific to large-caliber arteries. Its transcriptional activity was regulated by Notch signaling in vitro and in vivo, but not by ALK1 signaling and other transcription factors implicated in endothelial cell specificity. The distal endothelial enhancer was not essential for basal Hey1 expression in mouse embryos but may likely serve for Notch-dependent transcriptional control in endothelial cells together with the proximal regulatory region. These findings help in understanding the significance and regulation of endothelial Hey1 as a mediator of multiple signaling pathways in embryonic vascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Daiki Seya
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ishii
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Taiki Uemoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kubo
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Isomoto
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment and Medical Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayo Shigeta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Ogura
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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16
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Bhattacharyya S, Munshi NV. Development of the Cardiac Conduction System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037408. [PMID: 31988140 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system initiates and propagates each heartbeat. Specialized conducting cells are a well-conserved phenomenon across vertebrate evolution, although mammalian and avian species harbor specific components unique to organisms with four-chamber hearts. Early histological studies in mammals provided evidence for a dominant pacemaker within the right atrium and clarified the existence of the specialized muscular axis responsible for atrioventricular conduction. Building on these seminal observations, contemporary genetic techniques in a multitude of model organisms has characterized the developmental ontogeny, gene regulatory networks, and functional importance of individual anatomical compartments within the cardiac conduction system. This review describes in detail the transcriptional and regulatory networks that act during cardiac conduction system development and homeostasis with a particular emphasis on networks implicated in human electrical variation by large genome-wide association studies. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical implications of these studies and describe some future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil V Munshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development.,Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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17
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She P, Zhang H, Peng X, Sun J, Gao B, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Hu X, Lai KS, Wong J, Zhou B, Wang L, Zhong TP. The Gridlock transcriptional repressor impedes vertebrate heart regeneration by restricting expression of lysine methyltransferase. Development 2020; 147:147/18/dev190678. [PMID: 32988975 PMCID: PMC7541343 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Teleost zebrafish and neonatal mammalian hearts exhibit the remarkable capacity to regenerate through dedifferentiation and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although many mitogenic signals that stimulate zebrafish heart regeneration have been identified, transcriptional programs that restrain injury-induced CM renewal are incompletely understood. Here, we report that mutations in gridlock (grl; also known as hey2), encoding a Hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor, enhance CM proliferation and reduce fibrosis following damage. In contrast, myocardial grl induction blunts CM dedifferentiation and regenerative responses to heart injury. RNA sequencing analyses uncover Smyd2 lysine methyltransferase (KMT) as a key transcriptional target repressed by Grl. Reduction in Grl protein levels triggered by injury induces smyd2 expression at the wound myocardium, enhancing CM proliferation. We show that Smyd2 functions as a methyltransferase and modulates the Stat3 methylation and phosphorylation activity. Inhibition of the KMT activity of Smyd2 reduces phosphorylated Stat3 at cardiac wounds, suppressing the elevated CM proliferation in injured grl mutant hearts. Our findings establish an injury-specific transcriptional repression program in governing CM renewal during heart regeneration, providing a potential strategy whereby silencing Grl repression at local regions might empower regeneration capacity to the injured mammalian heart. Highlighted Article: Novel mechanisms of the Grl-Smyd2 network govern vertebrate CM renewal and heart regeneration, which might be relevant in developing strategies for regeneration interventions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilu She
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiangwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianjian Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bangjun Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kaa Seng Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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18
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van Walree ES, Dombrowsky G, Jansen IE, Mirkov MU, Zwart R, Ilgun A, Guo D, Clur SAB, Amin AS, Savage JE, van der Wal AC, Waisfisz Q, Maugeri A, Wilsdon A, Bu'Lock FA, Hurles ME, Dittrich S, Berger F, Audain Martinez E, Christoffels VM, Hitz MP, Milewicz DM, Posthuma D, Meijers-Heijboer H, Postma AV, Mathijssen IB. Germline variants in HEY2 functional domains lead to congenital heart defects and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Genet Med 2020; 23:103-110. [PMID: 32820247 PMCID: PMC8804301 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-00939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study we aimed to establish the genetic cause of a myriad of cardiovascular defects prevalent in individuals from a genetically isolated population, who were found to share a common ancestor in 1728. Methods Trio genome sequencing was carried out in an index patient with critical congenital heart disease (CHD), family members had either exome or Sanger sequencing. To confirm enrichment, we performed a gene-based association test and meta-analysis in two independent validation cohorts: one with 2685 CHD cases versus 4370 controls, and the other 326 cases with familial thoracic aortic aneurysms (FTAA) and dissections versus 570 ancestry-matched controls. Functional consequences of identified variants were evaluated using expression studies. Results We identified a loss-of-function variant in the Notch target transcription factor-encoding gene HEY2. The homozygous state (n=3) causes life-threatening congenital heart defects, while 80% of heterozygous carriers (n=20) had cardiovascular defects, mainly CHD and FTAA of the ascending aorta. We confirm enrichment of rare risk variants in HEY2 functional domains after meta-analysis (meta-SKAT p=0.018). Furthermore, we show that several identified variants lead to dysregulation of repression by HEY2. Conclusion A homozygous germline loss-of-function variant in HEY2 leads to critical CHD. The majority of heterozygotes show a myriad of cardiovascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S van Walree
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregor Dombrowsky
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris E Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maša Umićević Mirkov
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Zwart
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aho Ilgun
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sally-Ann B Clur
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed S Amin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard C van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Maugeri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Frances A Bu'Lock
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre and University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Berger
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Audain Martinez
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Philip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniëlle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Meijers-Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge B Mathijssen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Ihara D, Watanabe Y, Seya D, Arai Y, Isomoto Y, Nakano A, Kubo A, Ogura T, Kawamura T, Nakagawa O. Expression of Hey2 transcription factor in the early embryonic ventricles is controlled through a distal enhancer by Tbx20 and Gata transcription factors. Dev Biol 2020; 461:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Witman N, Zhou C, Grote Beverborg N, Sahara M, Chien KR. Cardiac progenitors and paracrine mediators in cardiogenesis and heart regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:29-51. [PMID: 31862220 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. Indeed, the morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is highly complex and spatiotemporally regulated by various types of cardiac progenitors and their paracrine mediators. Here we discuss the most recent knowledge and findings in cardiac progenitor cell biology and the major cardiogenic paracrine mediators in the settings of cardiogenesis, congenital heart disease, and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chikai Zhou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, CT, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Miyoshi T, Hisamitsu T, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Ikemura K, Ikeda T, Miyazato M, Kangawa K, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa O, Hosoda H. Maternal administration of tadalafil improves fetal ventricular systolic function in a Hey2 knockout mouse model of fetal heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2019; 302:110-116. [PMID: 31924399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no established transplacental treatment for heart failure (HF) in utero, and no animal models or experimental systems of fetal HF have been established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal tadalafil administration on fetal cardiovascular function and uteroplacental circulation in a murine model of fetal HF. METHODS AND RESULTS We first used an ultra-high-frequency ultrasound imaging system in utero and demonstrated that Hey2-/- embryos had worsening right ventricular hypoplasia and marked left ventricular (LV) dilatation as gestation progressed. In both ventricles, fractional shortening (FS) and the E/A ratio were significantly lower in Hey2-/- embryos than in wild-type embryos, indicating that the embryos can be used as a murine model of fetal HF. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of tadalafil treatment (0.04 or 0.08 mg/ml; T0.04 or T0.08 groups, respectively) on fetoplacental circulation in Hey2-/- embryos. LV FS was significantly higher in the T0.04 group than in control (P < 0.01), whereas LV dilation, mitral E/A ratio, and umbilical artery resistance index were not significantly different among all groups. The thinness of the LV compacted layer did not differ between the T0.04 and vehicle-treated Hey2-/- embryos. CONCLUSIONS A phenotype comprising marked dilatation and reduced FS of the left ventricles was identified in Hey2-/- embryos, suggesting these embryos as a murine model of fetal HF. In addition, maternal administration of tadalafil improved LV systolic function without altering LV morphological abnormalities in Hey2-/- embryos. Our findings suggest that tadalafil is a potential agent to treat impaired fetal ventricular systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takekazu Miyoshi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan; Department of Management and Strategy, Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikemura
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan.
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22
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Weber S, Koschade SE, Hoffmann CM, Dubash TD, Giessler KM, Dieter SM, Herbst F, Glimm H, Ball CR. The notch target gene HEYL modulates metastasis forming capacity of colorectal cancer patient-derived spheroid cells in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1181. [PMID: 31796022 PMCID: PMC6892194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with localized disease have a favorable prognosis, the five-year-survival rate in patients with distant spread is still below 15%. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating metastasis formation is essential to develop therapeutic strategies targeting metastasized CRC. The notch pathway has been shown to be involved in the metastatic spread of various tumor entities; however, the impact of its target gene HEYL remains unclear so far. METHODS In this study, we functionally assessed the association between high HEYL expression and metastasis formation in human CRC. Therefore, we lentivirally overexpressed HEYL in two human patient-derived CRC cultures differing in their spontaneous metastasizing capacity and analyzed metastasis formation as well as tumor cell dissemination into the bone marrow after xenotransplantation into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. RESULTS HEYL overexpression decreased tumor cell dissemination and the absolute numbers of formed metastases in a sub-renal capsular spontaneous metastasis formation model, addressing all steps of the metastatic cascade. In contrast, metastatic capacity was not decreased following intrasplenic xenotransplantation where the cells are placed directly into the blood circulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HEYL negatively regulates metastasis formation in vivo presumably by inhibiting intravasation of metastasis-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Koschade
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher M Hoffmann
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taronish D Dubash
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klara M Giessler
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Dieter
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
The rate and rhythm of heart muscle contractions are coordinated by the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a generic term for a collection of different specialized muscular tissues within the heart. The CCS components initiate the electrical impulse at the sinoatrial node, propagate it from atria to ventricles via the atrioventricular node and bundle branches, and distribute it to the ventricular muscle mass via the Purkinje fibre network. The CCS thereby controls the rate and rhythm of alternating contractions of the atria and ventricles. CCS function is well conserved across vertebrates from fish to mammals, although particular specialized aspects of CCS function are found only in endotherms (mammals and birds). The development and homeostasis of the CCS involves transcriptional and regulatory networks that act in an embryonic-stage-dependent, tissue-dependent, and dose-dependent manner. This Review describes emerging data from animal studies, stem cell models, and genome-wide association studies that have provided novel insights into the transcriptional networks underlying CCS formation and function. How these insights can be applied to develop disease models and therapies is also discussed.
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24
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Wang J, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Saiyin H, Wumaier R, Yu L, Sun L, Xiao Q. HEY2 acting as a co-repressor with smad3 and smad4 interferes with the response of TGF-beta in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4367-4381. [PMID: 31396342 PMCID: PMC6684919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The HEY2 (hairy and enhancer of split-related with YRPW motif 2) is reported to play potential roles in tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis is remain elusive. The present study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of biological function of HEY2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysfunction of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a critical role in HCC pathogenesis. Here, we identified HEY2 as a suppressor for TGF-β biological response. We demonstrated that HEY2 protein in tumor cytoplasm was up-regulated in HCC. Further, HEY2 overexpression inhibited TGF-β-induced growth arrest of HCC cells and inhibited TGF-β-induced downregulation of c-Myc, both in mRNA and in protein levels. While knockdown of HEY2, by small interfering RNA, was shown to enhance the TGF-β-mediated biological response of HCC cells. Moreover, HEY2 could form complexes with Smad3 and Smad4 and repress Smad3/Smad4 transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our findings indicate a novel role of HEY2 in mediating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Reziya Wumaier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lichun Sun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
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25
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Gibb N, Lazic S, Yuan X, Deshwar AR, Leslie M, Wilson MD, Scott IC. Hey2 regulates the size of the cardiac progenitor pool during vertebrate heart development. Development 2018; 145:dev.167510. [PMID: 30355727 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A key event in heart development is the timely addition of cardiac progenitor cells, defects in which can lead to congenital heart defects. However, how the balance and proportion of progenitor proliferation versus addition to the heart is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Hey2 functions to regulate the dynamics of cardiac progenitor addition to the zebrafish heart. We found that the previously noted increase in myocardial cell number found in the absence of Hey2 function was due to a pronounced expansion in the size of the cardiac progenitor pool. Expression analysis and lineage tracing of hey2-expressing cells showed that hey2 is active in cardiac progenitors. Hey2 acted to limit proliferation of cardiac progenitors, prior to heart tube formation. Use of a transplantation approach demonstrated a likely cell-autonomous (in cardiac progenitors) function for Hey2. Taken together, our data suggest a previously unappreciated role for Hey2 in controlling the proliferative capacity of cardiac progenitors, affecting the subsequent contribution of late-differentiating cardiac progenitors to the developing vertebrate heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gibb
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Savo Lazic
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xuefei Yuan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ashish R Deshwar
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meaghan Leslie
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centres of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
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26
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Li G, Khandekar A, Yin T, Hicks SC, Guo Q, Takahashi K, Lipovsky CE, Brumback BD, Rao PK, Weinheimer CJ, Rentschler SL. Differential Wnt-mediated programming and arrhythmogenesis in right versus left ventricles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:92-107. [PMID: 30193957 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several inherited arrhythmias, including Brugada syndrome and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, primarily affect the right ventricle and can lead to sudden cardiac death. Among many differences, right and left ventricular cardiomyocytes derive from distinct progenitors, prompting us to investigate how embryonic programming may contribute to chamber-specific conduction and arrhythmia susceptibility. Here, we show that developmental perturbation of Wnt signaling leads to chamber-specific transcriptional regulation of genes important in cardiac conduction that persists into adulthood. Transcriptional profiling of right versus left ventricles in mice deficient in Wnt transcriptional activity reveals global chamber differences, including genes regulating cardiac electrophysiology such as Gja1 and Scn5a. In addition, the transcriptional repressor Hey2, a gene associated with Brugada syndrome, is a direct target of Wnt signaling in the right ventricle only. These transcriptional changes lead to perturbed right ventricular cardiac conduction and cellular excitability. Ex vivo and in vivo stimulation of the right ventricle is sufficient to induce ventricular tachycardia in Wnt transcriptionally inactive hearts, while left ventricular stimulation has no effect. These data show that embryonic perturbation of Wnt signaling in cardiomyocytes leads to right ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility in the adult heart through chamber-specific regulation of genes regulating cellular electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aditi Khandekar
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiankai Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qiusha Guo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Catherine E Lipovsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brittany D Brumback
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Praveen K Rao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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27
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Wu M. Mechanisms of Trabecular Formation and Specification During Cardiogenesis. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1082-1089. [PMID: 29594501 PMCID: PMC6164162 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Trabecular morphogenesis is a key morphologic event during cardiogenesis and contributes to the formation of a competent ventricular wall. Lack of trabeculation results in embryonic lethality. The trabecular morphogenesis is a multistep process that includes, but is not limited to, trabecular initiation, proliferation/growth, specification, and compaction. Although a number of signaling molecules have been implicated in regulating trabeculation, the cellular processes underlying mammalian trabecular formation are not fully understood. Recent works show that the myocardium displays polarity, and oriented cell division (OCD) and directional migration of the cardiomyocytes in the monolayer myocardium are required for trabecular initiation and formation. Furthermore, perpendicular OCD is an extrinsic asymmetric cell division that contributes to trabecular specification, and is a mechanism that causes the trabecular cardiomyocytes to be distinct from the cardiomyocytes in compact zone. Once the coronary vasculature system starts to function in the embryonic heart, the trabeculae will coalesce with the compact zone to thicken the heart wall, and abnormal compaction will lead to left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) and heart failure. There are many reviews about compaction and LVNC. In this review, we will focus on the roles of myocardial polarity and OCD in trabecular initiation, formation, and specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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28
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Anderson DJ, Kaplan DI, Bell KM, Koutsis K, Haynes JM, Mills RJ, Phelan DG, Qian EL, Leitoguinho AR, Arasaratnam D, Labonne T, Ng ES, Davis RP, Casini S, Passier R, Hudson JE, Porrello ER, Costa MW, Rafii A, Curl CL, Delbridge LM, Harvey RP, Oshlack A, Cheung MM, Mummery CL, Petrou S, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG, Elliott DA. NKX2-5 regulates human cardiomyogenesis via a HEY2 dependent transcriptional network. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1373. [PMID: 29636455 PMCID: PMC5893543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects can be caused by mutations in genes that guide cardiac lineage formation. Here, we show deletion of NKX2-5, a critical component of the cardiac gene regulatory network, in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), results in impaired cardiomyogenesis, failure to activate VCAM1 and to downregulate the progenitor marker PDGFRα. Furthermore, NKX2-5 null cardiomyocytes have abnormal physiology, with asynchronous contractions and altered action potentials. Molecular profiling and genetic rescue experiments demonstrate that the bHLH protein HEY2 is a key mediator of NKX2-5 function during human cardiomyogenesis. These findings identify HEY2 as a novel component of the NKX2-5 cardiac transcriptional network, providing tangible evidence that hESC models can decipher the complex pathways that regulate early stage human heart development. These data provide a human context for the evaluation of pathogenic mutations in congenital heart disease. A gene regulatory network, including the transcription factor Nkx2-5, regulates cardiac development. Here, the authors show that on deletion of NKX2-5 from human embryonic stem cells, there is impaired cardiomyogenesis and changes in action potentials, and that this is regulated via HEY2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Anderson
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David I Kaplan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Katerina Koutsis
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John M Haynes
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dean G Phelan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Qian
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ana Rita Leitoguinho
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Deevina Arasaratnam
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Tanya Labonne
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Ng
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James E Hudson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare L Curl
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lea M Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2052, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, 2052, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael M Cheung
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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29
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Chen Z, Xu N, Chong D, Guan S, Jiang C, Yang Z, Li C. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase facilitates the organization of cardiomyocytes during mid-gestation through modulating protein geranylgeranylation in mouse heart. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:965-978. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyang Chong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center and School of Medicine, Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, #22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Wu DC, Zhang MF, Su SG, Fang HY, Wang XH, He D, Xie YY, Liu XH. HEY2, a target of miR-137, indicates poor outcomes and promotes cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38052-38063. [PMID: 27191260 PMCID: PMC5122371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
HEY2, a bHLH transcription factor, has been implicated in the progression of human cancers. Here, we showed that HEY2 expression was markedly increased in HCC, compared with the adjacent nontumorous tissues. High HEY2 expression was closely correlated with tumor multiplicity, tumor differentiation and TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that HEY2 expression was significantly associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in a training cohort of 361 patients with HCC. The prognostic implication of HEY2 was validated in another cohort of 169 HCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression model indicated HEY2 as an independent factor for overall survival in HCC (Hazard ratio = 1.645, 95% confident interval: 1.309-2.067, P<0.001). We also demonstrated that HEY2 expression was inhibited by miR-137. In clinical samples, HEY2 expression was reversely associated to miR-137 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of HEY2 increased cell viabilities, colony formation and cell migration, whereas knockdown of HEY2 resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Collectively, our data suggest HEY2 as a promising biomarker for unfavorable outcomes and a novel therapeutic target for the clinical management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Chun Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Guang Su
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hexian Memorial Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Ying Fang
- Department of Nursing, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Hui Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Notch signaling regulates Hey2 expression in a spatiotemporal dependent manner during cardiac morphogenesis and trabecular specification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2678. [PMID: 29422515 PMCID: PMC5805758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hey2 gene mutations in both humans and mice have been associated with multiple cardiac defects. However, the currently reported localization of Hey2 in the ventricular compact zone cannot explain the wide variety of cardiac defects. Furthermore, it was reported that, in contrast to other organs, Notch doesn’t regulate Hey2 in the heart. To determine the expression pattern and the regulation of Hey2, we used novel methods including RNAscope and a Hey2CreERT2 knockin line to precisely determine the spatiotemporal expression pattern and level of Hey2 during cardiac development. We found that Hey2 is expressed in the endocardial cells of the atrioventricular canal and the outflow tract, as well as at the base of trabeculae, in addition to the reported expression in the ventricular compact myocardium. By disrupting several signaling pathways that regulate trabeculation and/or compaction, we found that, in contrast to previous reports, Notch signaling and Nrg1/ErbB2 regulate Hey2 expression level in myocardium and/or endocardium, but not its expression pattern: weak expression in trabecular myocardium and strong expression in compact myocardium. Instead, we found that FGF signaling regulates the expression pattern of Hey2 in the early myocardium, and regulates the expression level of Hey2 in a Notch1 dependent manner.
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Medrano JL, Naya FJ. The transcription factor MEF2A fine-tunes gene expression in the atrial and ventricular chambers of the adult heart. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20975-20988. [PMID: 29054930 PMCID: PMC5743072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct morphological and functional properties of the cardiac chambers arise from an elaborate developmental program involving cell lineage determination, morphogenesis, and dynamic spatiotemporal gene expression patterns. Although a number of transcription factors have been identified for proper gene regulation in the chambers, the complete transcriptional network that controls these patterns remains poorly defined. Previous studies have implicated the MEF2C transcription factor in the regulation of chamber-restricted enhancers. To better understand the mechanisms of MEF2-mediated regional gene regulation in the heart, we took advantage of MEF2A knock-out (KO) mice, a model that displays a predominantly ventricular chamber phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of atrial and ventricular tissue from adult MEF2A KO hearts revealed a striking difference in chamber gene expression, with a larger proportion of dysregulated genes in the atrial chambers. Canonical pathway analysis of genes preferentially dysregulated in the atria and ventricles revealed distinct MEF2A-dependent cellular processes in each cardiac chamber. In the atria, MEF2A regulated genes involved in fibrosis and adhesion, whereas in the ventricles, it controlled inflammation and endocytosis. Finally, analysis of transcription factor-binding site motifs of differentially dysregulated genes uncovered distinct MEF2A co-regulators for the atrial and ventricular gene sets, and a subset of these was found to cooperate with MEF2A. In conclusion, our results suggest a mechanism in which MEF2 transcriptional activity is differentially recruited to fine-tune gene expression levels in each cardiac chamber. This regulatory mechanism ensures optimal output of these gene products for proper physiological function of the atrial and ventricular chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Medrano
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Francisco J Naya
- From the Department of Biology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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Duong TB, Ravisankar P, Song YC, Gafranek JT, Rydeen AB, Dohn TE, Barske LA, Crump JG, Waxman JS. Nr2f1a balances atrial chamber and atrioventricular canal size via BMP signaling-independent and -dependent mechanisms. Dev Biol 2017; 434:7-14. [PMID: 29157563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Determination of appropriate chamber size is critical for normal vertebrate heart development. Although Nr2f transcription factors promote atrial maintenance and differentiation, how they determine atrial size remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish Nr2f1a is expressed in differentiating atrial cardiomyocytes. Zebrafish nr2f1a mutants have smaller atria due to a specific reduction in atrial cardiomyocyte (AC) number, suggesting it has similar requirements to Nr2f2 in mammals. Furthermore, the smaller atria in nr2f1a mutants are derived from distinct mechanisms that perturb AC differentiation at the chamber poles. At the venous pole, Nr2f1a enhances the rate of AC differentiation. Nr2f1a also establishes the atrial-atrioventricular canal (AVC) border through promoting the differentiation of mature ACs. Without Nr2f1a, AVC markers are expanded into the atrium, resulting in enlarged endocardial cushions (ECs). Inhibition of Bmp signaling can restore EC development, but not AC number, suggesting that Nr2f1a concomitantly coordinates atrial and AVC size through both Bmp-dependent and independent mechanisms. These findings provide insight into conserved functions of Nr2f proteins and the etiology of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) associated with NR2F2 mutations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany B Duong
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Master's Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar
- The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yuntao Charlie Song
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jacob T Gafranek
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ariel B Rydeen
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tracy E Dohn
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lindsey A Barske
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- The Heart Institute and Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Developmental Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Veerman CC, Podliesna S, Tadros R, Lodder EM, Mengarelli I, de Jonge B, Beekman L, Barc J, Wilders R, Wilde AAM, Boukens BJ, Coronel R, Verkerk AO, Remme CA, Bezzina CR. The Brugada Syndrome Susceptibility Gene HEY2 Modulates Cardiac Transmural Ion Channel Patterning and Electrical Heterogeneity. Circ Res 2017. [PMID: 28637782 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Genome-wide association studies previously identified an association of rs9388451 at chromosome 6q22.3 (near HEY2) with Brugada syndrome. The causal gene and underlying mechanism remain unresolved. OBJECTIVE We used an integrative approach entailing transcriptomic studies in human hearts and electrophysiological studies in Hey2+/- (Hey2 heterozygous knockout) mice to dissect the underpinnings of the 6q22.31 association with Brugada syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS We queried expression quantitative trait locus data acquired in 190 human left ventricular samples from the genotype-tissue expression consortium for cis-expression quantitative trait locus effects of rs9388451, which revealed an association between Brugada syndrome risk allele dosage and HEY2 expression (β=+0.159; P=0.0036). In the same transcriptomic data, we conducted genome-wide coexpression analysis for HEY2, which uncovered KCNIP2, encoding the β-subunit of the channel underlying the transient outward current (Ito), as the transcript most robustly correlating with HEY2 expression (β=+1.47; P=2×10-34). Transcript abundance of Hey2 and the Ito subunits Kcnip2 and Kcnd2, assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, was higher in subepicardium versus subendocardium in both left and right ventricles, with lower levels in Hey2+/- mice compared with wild type. Surface ECG measurements showed less prominent J waves in Hey2+/- mice compared with wild-type. In wild-type mice, patch-clamp electrophysiological studies on cardiomyocytes from right ventricle demonstrated a shorter action potential duration and a lower Vmax in subepicardium compared with subendocardium cardiomyocytes, which was paralleled by a higher Ito and a lower sodium current (INa) density in subepicardium versus subendocardium. These transmural differences were diminished in Hey2+/- mice because of changes in subepicardial cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a role of HEY2 in the normal transmural electrophysiological gradient in the ventricle and provides compelling evidence that genetic variation at 6q22.31 (rs9388451) is associated with Brugada syndrome through a HEY2-dependent alteration of ion channel expression across the cardiac ventricular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C Veerman
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Svitlana Podliesna
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Rafik Tadros
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Isabella Mengarelli
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Berend de Jonge
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Leander Beekman
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Julien Barc
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Ronald Wilders
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Ruben Coronel
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.).
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35
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Canalis E, Zanotti S. Hairy and Enhancer of Split-Related With YRPW Motif-Like (HeyL) Is Dispensable for Bone Remodeling in Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1819-1826. [PMID: 28019674 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch induces Hairy Enhancer of Split (Hes)1 and Hes-related with YRPW motif (Hey) Hey1, Hey2 and Hey-like (HeyL) expression in osteoblasts, but it is not known whether any of these target genes mediates the effect of Notch in the skeleton. We demonstrated that Notch1 activation in osteoblasts/osteocytes induces Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL, but HeyL was induced to a greater extent than other target genes. To characterize HeyL null mice for their skeletal phenotype, microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometric analysis of HeyL null and sex-matched littermate controls was performed. µCT demonstrated modest cancellous bone osteopenia in 1 month old male mice and normal microarchitecture in 3 month old male HeyL null mice. Female HeyL null mice were not different from controls at either 1 or 3 months of age. Bone histomorphometry did not demonstrate differences between HeyL null mice of either sex and littermate controls. In conclusion, HeyL null mice do not exhibit an obvious skeletal phenotype demonstrating that HeyL is dispensable for skeletal homeostasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1819-1826, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-5456
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-5456
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36
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Pradhan A, Zeng XXI, Sidhwani P, Marques SR, George V, Targoff KL, Chi NC, Yelon D. FGF signaling enforces cardiac chamber identity in the developing ventricle. Development 2017; 144:1328-1338. [PMID: 28232600 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atrial and ventricular cardiac chambers behave as distinct subunits with unique morphological, electrophysiological and contractile properties. Despite the importance of chamber-specific features, chamber fate assignments remain relatively plastic, even after differentiation is underway. In zebrafish, Nkx transcription factors are essential for the maintenance of ventricular characteristics, but the signaling pathways that operate upstream of Nkx factors in this context are not well understood. Here, we show that FGF signaling plays an essential part in enforcing ventricular identity. Loss of FGF signaling results in a gradual accumulation of atrial cells, a corresponding loss of ventricular cells, and the appearance of ectopic atrial gene expression within the ventricle. These phenotypes reflect important roles for FGF signaling in promoting ventricular traits, both in early-differentiating cells that form the initial ventricle and in late-differentiating cells that append to its arterial pole. Moreover, we find that FGF signaling functions upstream of Nkx genes to inhibit ectopic atrial gene expression. Together, our data suggest a model in which sustained FGF signaling acts to suppress cardiomyocyte plasticity and to preserve the integrity of the ventricular chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjana Pradhan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xin-Xin I Zeng
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sara R Marques
- Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vanessa George
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kimara L Targoff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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37
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Xie X, Wu SP, Tsai MJ, Tsai S. The Role of COUP-TFII in Striated Muscle Development and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 125:375-403. [PMID: 28527579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal and cardiac muscles are the only striated muscles in the body. Although sharing many structural and functional similarities, skeletal and cardiac muscles have intrinsic differences in terms of physiology and regenerative potential. While skeletal muscle possesses a robust regenerative response, the mammalian heart has limited repair capacity after birth. In this review, we provide an updated view regarding chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) function in vertebrate myogenesis, with particular emphasis on the skeletal and cardiac muscles. We also highlight the new insights of COUP-TFII hyperactivity underlying striated muscle dysfunction. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and strategies in translating COUP-TFII action for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Sophia Tsai
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
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38
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Bloomekatz J, Galvez-Santisteban M, Chi NC. Myocardial plasticity: cardiac development, regeneration and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 40:120-130. [PMID: 27498024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is unable to recover from myocardial cell loss due to cardiac ischemia and infarction because terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes proliferate at a low rate. However, cardiomyocytes in other vertebrate animal models such as zebrafish, axolotls, newts and mammalian mouse neonates are capable of de-differentiating in order to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and subsequent cardiac regeneration after injury. Although de-differentiation may occur in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, it is typically associated with diseased hearts and pathologic remodeling rather than repair and regeneration. Here, we review recent studies of cardiac development, regeneration and disease that highlight how changes in myocardial identity (plasticity) is regulated and impacts adaptive and maladaptive cardiac responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manuel Galvez-Santisteban
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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39
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Quintes S, Brinkmann BG, Ebert M, Fröb F, Kungl T, Arlt FA, Tarabykin V, Huylebroeck D, Meijer D, Suter U, Wegner M, Sereda MW, Nave KA. Zeb2 is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and nerve repair. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1050-1059. [PMID: 27294512 PMCID: PMC4964942 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell development and peripheral nerve myelination require the serial expression of transcriptional activators, such as Sox10, Oct6 (also called Scip or Pou3f1) and Krox20 (also called Egr2). Here we show that transcriptional repression, mediated by the zinc-finger protein Zeb2 (also known as Sip1), is essential for differentiation and myelination. Mice lacking Zeb2 in Schwann cells develop a severe peripheral neuropathy, caused by failure of axonal sorting and virtual absence of myelin membranes. Zeb2-deficient Schwann cells continuously express repressors of lineage progression. Moreover, genes for negative regulators of maturation such as Sox2 and Ednrb emerge as Zeb2 target genes, supporting its function as an 'inhibitor of inhibitors' in myelination control. When Zeb2 is deleted in adult mice, Schwann cells readily dedifferentiate following peripheral nerve injury and become repair cells. However, nerve regeneration and remyelination are both perturbed, demonstrating that Zeb2, although undetectable in adult Schwann cells, has a latent function throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Quintes
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of
Clinical Neurophysiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian G Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madlen Ebert
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum,
Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike A Arlt
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy,
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development
and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH
Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum,
Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of
Clinical Neurophysiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of
Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
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40
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Zeb2 recruits HDAC-NuRD to inhibit Notch and controls Schwann cell differentiation and remyelination. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1060-72. [PMID: 27294509 PMCID: PMC4961522 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that coordinate and balance a complex network of opposing regulators to control Schwann cell (SC) differentiation remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that zinc-finger E-box binding-homeobox 2 (Zeb2/Sip1) transcription factor is a critical intrinsic timer that controls the onset of Schwann cell (SC) differentiation by recruiting HDAC1/2-NuRD co-repressor complexes. Zeb2 deletion arrests SCs at an undifferentiated state during peripheral nerve development and inhibits remyelination after injury. Zeb2 antagonizes inhibitory effectors including Notch and Sox2. Importantly, genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals a Zeb2 target gene, encoding the Notch effector Hey2, as a potent inhibitor for SC differentiation. Strikingly, a genetic Zeb2 variant, which is associated with Mowat-Wilson syndrome, disrupts the interaction with HDAC1/2-NuRD and abolishes Zeb2 activity for SC differentiation. Therefore, Zeb2 controls SC maturation by recruiting HDAC1/2-NuRD complexes and inhibiting a novel Notch-Hey2 signaling axis, pointing to the critical role of HDAC1/2-NuRD activity in peripheral neuropathies caused by ZEB2 mutations.
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41
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Abstract
Notch 1 to 4 receptors are important determinants of cell fate and function, and Notch signaling plays an important role in skeletal development and bone remodeling. After direct interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families, a series of cleavages release the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus where it induces transcription of Notch target genes. Classic gene targets of Notch are hairy and enhancer of split (Hes) and Hes-related with YRPW motif (Hey). In cells of the osteoblastic lineage, Notch activation inhibits cell differentiation and causes cancellous bone osteopenia because of impaired bone formation. In osteocytes, Notch1 has distinct effects that result in an inhibition of bone resorption secondary to an induction of osteoprotegerin and suppression of sclerostin with a consequent enhancement of Wnt signaling. Notch1 inhibits, whereas Notch2 enhances, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Congenital disorders of loss- and gain-of-Notch function present with severe clinical manifestations, often affecting the skeleton. Enhanced Notch signaling is associated with osteosarcoma, and Notch can influence the invasive potential of carcinoma of the breast and prostate. Notch signaling can be controlled by the use of inhibitors of Notch activation, small peptides that interfere with the formation of a transcriptional complex, or antibodies to the extracellular domain of specific Notch receptors or to Notch ligands. In conclusion, Notch plays a critical role in skeletal development and homeostasis, and serious skeletal disorders can be attributed to alterations in Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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42
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van Weerd JH, Christoffels VM. The formation and function of the cardiac conduction system. Development 2016; 143:197-210. [PMID: 26786210 DOI: 10.1242/dev.124883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system (CCS) consists of distinctive components that initiate and conduct the electrical impulse required for the coordinated contraction of the cardiac chambers. CCS development involves complex regulatory networks that act in stage-, tissue- and dose-dependent manners, and recent findings indicate that the activity of these networks is sensitive to common genetic variants associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we review how these findings have provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional networks underlying CCS formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hendrik van Weerd
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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43
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Wu SP, Yu CT, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ. Choose your destiny: Make a cell fate decision with COUP-TFII. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:7-12. [PMID: 26658017 PMCID: PMC4724268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate specification is a critical process to generate cells with a wide range of characteristics from stem and progenitor cells. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII serves as a key regulator in determining the cell identity during embryonic development. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on molecular mechanisms by which COUP-TFII employs to define the cell fates, with special emphasis on cardiovascular and renal systems. These novel insights pave the road for future studies of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Cheng-Tai Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sophia Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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44
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Dorn T, Goedel A, Lam JT, Haas J, Tian Q, Herrmann F, Bundschu K, Dobreva G, Schiemann M, Dirschinger R, Guo Y, Kühl SJ, Sinnecker D, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL, Kühl M, Moretti A. Direct nkx2-5 transcriptional repression of isl1 controls cardiomyocyte subtype identity. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1113-29. [PMID: 25524439 PMCID: PMC6750130 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During cardiogenesis, most myocytes arise from cardiac progenitors expressing the transcription factors Isl1 and Nkx2-5. Here, we show that a direct repression of Isl1 by Nkx2-5 is necessary for proper development of the ventricular myocardial lineage. Overexpression of Nkx2-5 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) delayed specification of cardiac progenitors and inhibited expression of Isl1 and its downstream targets in Isl1(+) precursors. Embryos deficient for Nkx2-5 in the Isl1(+) lineage failed to downregulate Isl1 protein in cardiomyocytes of the heart tube. We demonstrated that Nkx2-5 directly binds to an Isl1 enhancer and represses Isl1 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of Isl1 does not prevent cardiac differentiation of ESCs and in Xenopus laevis embryos. Instead, it leads to enhanced specification of cardiac progenitors, earlier cardiac differentiation, and increased cardiomyocyte number. Functional and molecular characterization of Isl1-overexpressing cardiomyocytes revealed higher beating frequencies in both ESC-derived contracting areas and Xenopus Isl1-gain-of-function hearts, which associated with upregulation of nodal-specific genes and downregulation of transcripts of working myocardium. Immunocytochemistry of cardiomyocyte lineage-specific markers demonstrated a reduction of ventricular cells and an increase of cells expressing the pacemaker channel Hcn4. Finally, optical action potential imaging of single cardiomyocytes combined with pharmacological approaches proved that Isl1 overexpression in ESCs resulted in normally electrophysiologically functional cells, highly enriched in the nodal subtype at the expense of the ventricular lineage. Our findings provide an Isl1/Nkx2-5-mediated mechanism that coordinately regulates the specification of cardiac progenitors toward the different myocardial lineages and ensures proper acquisition of myocyte subtype identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dorn
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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45
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Nakano Y, Ochi H, Onohara Y, Toshishige M, Tokuyama T, Matsumura H, Kawazoe H, Tomomori S, Sairaku A, Watanabe Y, Ikenaga H, Motoda C, Suenari K, Hayashida Y, Miki D, Oda N, Kishimoto S, Oda N, Yoshida Y, Tashiro S, Chayama K, Kihara Y. Common Variant Near
HEY2
Has a Protective Effect on Ventricular Fibrillation Occurrence in Brugada Syndrome by Regulating the Repolarization Current. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016; 9:e003436. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.003436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakano
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Yuko Onohara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Masaaki Toshishige
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Hiroya Matsumura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Hiroshi Kawazoe
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Shunsuke Tomomori
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Akinori Sairaku
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Yoshikazu Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Hiroki Ikenaga
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Chikaaki Motoda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Kazuyoshi Suenari
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Yasufumi Hayashida
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Daiki Miki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Nozomu Oda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Noboru Oda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Yukihiko Yoshida
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (A.S., C.M., H.I., H.K., H.M., K.S., M.T., Noboru Oda, Nozomu Oda, S. Tomomori, S.K., T.T., Y. O., Y.K., Y.N., Y.W.); Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan (D.M., H.O., K.C., Y.N.); Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Programs for Biomedical Research
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Fujita M, Sakabe M, Ioka T, Watanabe Y, Kinugasa-Katayama Y, Tsuchihashi T, Utset MF, Yamagishi H, Nakagawa O. Pharyngeal arch artery defects and lethal malformations of the aortic arch and its branches in mice deficient for the Hrt1/Hey1 transcription factor. Mech Dev 2015; 139:65-73. [PMID: 26577899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aortic arch and major branch arteries are formed from the three pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) during embryonic development. Their morphological defects are clinically observed as isolated diseases, as a part of complicated cardiovascular anomalies or as a manifestation of multi-organ syndromes such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Although numerous genes have been implicated in PAA formation and remodeling, detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that the mice null for Hrt1/Hey1, a gene encoding a downstream transcription factor of Notch and ALK1 signaling pathways, show perinatal lethality on the C57BL/6N, C57BL/6N × C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N × 129X1/SvJ background. Hrt1/Hey1 null embryos display abnormal development of the fourth PAA (PAA4), which results in congenital vascular defects including right-sided aortic arch, interruption of the aortic arch and aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery. Impaired vessel formation occurs randomly in PAA4 of Hrt1/Hey1 null embryos, which likely causes the variability of congenital malformations. Endothelial cells in PAA4 of null embryos differentiate normally but are structurally disorganized at embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5. Vascular smooth muscle cells are nearly absent in the structurally-defective PAA4, despite the appropriate migration of cardiac neural crest cells into the fourth pharyngeal arches. Endothelial expression of Jag1 is down-regulated in the structurally-defective PAA4 of null embryos, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. While the direct downstream phenomena of the Hrt1/Hey1 deficiency remain to be clarified, we suggest that Hrt1/Hey1-dependent transcriptional regulation has an important role in PAA formation during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Fujita
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Sakabe
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ioka
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Kinugasa-Katayama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manuel F Utset
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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47
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Abstract
The latest discoveries and advanced knowledge in the fields of stem cell biology and developmental cardiology hold great promise for cardiac regenerative medicine, enabling researchers to design novel therapeutic tools and approaches to regenerate cardiac muscle for diseased hearts. However, progress in this arena has been hampered by a lack of reproducible and convincing evidence, which at best has yielded modest outcomes and is still far from clinical practice. To address current controversies and move cardiac regenerative therapeutics forward, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the key cellular and molecular programs involved in human cardiogenesis and cardiac regeneration. In this review, we consider the fundamental principles that govern the "programming" and "reprogramming" of a human heart cell and discuss updated therapeutic strategies to regenerate a damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sahara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Tanwar V, Bylund JB, Hu J, Yan J, Walthall JM, Mukherjee A, Heaton WH, Wang WD, Potet F, Rai M, Kupershmidt S, Knapik EW, Hatzopoulos AK. Gremlin 2 promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells to atrial fate by activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1774-88. [PMID: 24648383 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Gremlin 2 (Grem2) is required for atrial differentiation and establishment of cardiac rhythm during embryonic development. A human Grem2 variant has been associated with familial atrial fibrillation, suggesting that abnormal Grem2 activity causes arrhythmias. However, it is not known how Grem2 integrates into signaling pathways to direct atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Grem2 expression is induced concurrently with the emergence of cardiovascular progenitor cells during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Grem2 exposure enhances the cardiogenic potential of ESCs by 20-120-fold, preferentially inducing genes expressed in atrial myocytes such as Myl7, Nppa, and Sarcolipin. We show that Grem2 acts upstream to upregulate proatrial transcription factors CoupTFII and Hey1 and downregulate atrial fate repressors Irx4 and Hey2. The molecular phenotype of Grem2-induced atrial cardiomyocytes was further supported by induction of ion channels encoded by Kcnj3, Kcnj5, and Cacna1d genes and establishment of atrial-like action potentials shown by electrophysiological recordings. We show that promotion of atrial-like cardiomyocytes is specific to the Gremlin subfamily of BMP antagonists. Grem2 proatrial differentiation activity is conveyed by noncanonical BMP signaling through phosphorylation of JNK and can be reversed by specific JNK inhibitors, but not by dorsomorphin, an inhibitor of canonical BMP signaling. Taken together, our data provide novel mechanistic insights into atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation from pluripotent stem cells and will assist the development of future approaches to study and treat arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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49
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Weber D, Heisig J, Kneitz S, Wolf E, Eilers M, Gessler M. Mechanisms of epigenetic and cell-type specific regulation of Hey target genes in ES cells and cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 79:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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50
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Morioka T, Sakabe M, Ioka T, Iguchi T, Mizuta K, Hattammaru M, Sakai C, Itoh M, Sato GE, Hashimoto A, Fujita M, Okumura K, Araki M, Xin M, Pedersen RA, Utset MF, Kimura H, Nakagawa O. An important role of endothelial hairy-related transcription factors in mouse vascular development. Genesis 2014; 52:897-906. [PMID: 25264302 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Hairy-related transcription factor family of Notch- and ALK1-downstream transcriptional repressors, called Hrt/Hey/Hesr/Chf/Herp/Gridlock, has complementary and indispensable functions for vascular development. While mouse embryos null for either Hrt1/Hey1 or Hrt2/Hey2 did not show early vascular phenotypes, Hrt1/Hey1; Hrt2/Hey2 double null mice (H1(ko) /H2(ko) ) showed embryonic lethality with severe impairment of vascular morphogenesis. It remained unclear, however, whether Hrt/Hey functions are required in endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we demonstrate that mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Hrt2/Hey2 combined with global Hrt1/Hey1 deletion (H1(ko) /H2(eko) ) show abnormal vascular morphogenesis and embryonic lethality. Their defects were characterized by the failure of vascular network formation in the yolk sac, abnormalities of embryonic vascular structures and impaired smooth muscle cell recruitment, and were virtually identical to the H1(ko) /H2(ko) phenotypes. Among signaling molecules implicated in vascular development, Robo4 expression was significantly increased and activation of Src family kinases was suppressed in endothelial cells of H1(ko) /H2(eko) embryos. The present study indicates an important role of Hrt1/Hey1 and Hrt2/Hey2 in endothelial cells during early vascular development, and further suggests involvement of Robo4 and Src family kinases in the mechanisms of embryonic vascular defects caused by the Hrt/Hey deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Morioka
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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