1
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Kellerer M, Javed S, Casar C, Will N, Berkhout LK, Schwinge D, Krebs CF, Schramm C, Neumann K, Tiegs G. Antagonistic effects of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and TRAIL in the immunopathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 2024; 80:844-858. [PMID: 38441998 PMCID: PMC11407778 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by biliary inflammation and fibrosis. We showed an elevated interferon γ response in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and in multidrug resistance protein 2-deficient ( Mdr2-/- ) mice developing sclerosing cholangitis. Interferon γ induced expression of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B (GzmB) and TRAIL in hepatic lymphocytes and mediated liver fibrosis in sclerosing cholangitis. APPROACH AND RESULTS In patient samples and Mdr2-/- mice, we identified lymphocyte clusters with a cytotoxic gene expression profile using single-cell RNA-seq and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing analyses combined with multi-parameter flow cytometry. CD8 + T cells and NK cells showed increased expression of GzmB and TRAIL in sclerosing cholangitis. Depletion of CD8 + T cells ameliorated disease severity in Mdr2-/- mice. By using Mdr2-/- × Gzmb-/- and Mdr2-/- × Tnfsf10-/- mice, we investigated the significance of GzmB and TRAIL for disease progression in sclerosing cholangitis. Interestingly, the lack of GzmB resulted in reduced cholangiocyte apoptosis, liver injury, and fibrosis. In contrast, sclerosing cholangitis was aggravated in the absence of TRAIL. This correlated with elevated GzmB and interferon γ expression by CD8 + T cells and NK cells enhanced T-cell survival, and increased apoptosis and expansion of cholangiocytes. CONCLUSIONS GzmB induces apoptosis and fibrosis in sclerosing cholangitis, whereas TRAIL regulates inflammatory and cytotoxic immune responses, subsequently leading to reduced liver injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Kellerer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sana Javed
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Christian Casar
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Will
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura K. Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F. Krebs
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Juran BD, McCauley BM, Atkinson EJ, Schlicht EM, Bianchi JK, Vollenweider JM, Ye H, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ, Sun Z, Lazaridis KN. Epigenetic disease markers in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis-methylomics of cholestatic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0496. [PMID: 39023332 PMCID: PMC11262819 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenome, the set of modifications to DNA and associated molecules that control gene expression, cellular identity, and function, plays a major role in mediating cellular responses to outside factors. Thus, evaluation of the epigenetic state can provide insights into cellular adaptions occurring over the course of disease. METHODS We performed epigenome-wide association studies of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) using the Illumina MethylationEPIC Bead Chip. RESULTS We found evidence of increased epigenetic age acceleration and differences in predicted immune cell composition in patients with PSC and PBC. Epigenetic profiles demonstrated differences in predicted protein levels including increased levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B in patients with cirrhotic compared to noncirrhotic PSC and PBC. Epigenome-wide association studies of PSC discovered strongly associated 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' sites in genes including vacuole membrane protein 1 and SOCS3, and epigenome-wide association studies of PBC found strong 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' associations in genes including NOD-like receptor family CARD domain containing 5, human leukocyte antigen-E, and PSMB8. Analyses identified disease-associated canonical pathways and upstream regulators involved with immune signaling and activation of macrophages and T-cells. A comparison of PSC and PBC data found relatively little overlap at the 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' and gene levels with slightly more overlap at the level of pathways and upstream regulators. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into methylation profiles of patients that support current concepts of disease mechanisms and provide novel data to inspire future research. Studies to corroborate our findings and expand into other -omics layers will be invaluable to further our understanding of these rare diseases with the goal to improve and individualize prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Juran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bryan M. McCauley
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Atkinson
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erik M. Schlicht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jackie K. Bianchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Hong Ye
- Genome Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas F. LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Wu C, Zhang W, Luo Y, Cheng C, Wang X, Jiang Y, Li S, Luo L, Yang Y. Zebrafish ppp1r21 mutant as a model for the study of primary biliary cholangitis. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:1004-1013. [PMID: 37271428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease that progresses to fibrosis and cirrhosis, resulting from the gradual destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. Exploring genetic variants associated with PBC is essential to understand the pathogenesis of PBC. Here we identify a zebrafish balloon dog (blg) mutant with intrahepatic bile duct branching defects, exhibiting several key pathological PBC-like features, including immunodominant autoantigen PDC-E2 production, cholangiocyte apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, inflammatory activation, and liver fibrosis. blg encodes the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 21 (Ppp1r21), which is enriched in the liver and its peripheral tissues and plays a vital role in the early intrahepatic bile duct formation stage. Further studies show an excessive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the hepatic tissues in the mutant, while treatment with the pathway inhibitor LY294002 and rapamycin partially rescues intrahepatic bile duct branching defects and alleviates the PBC-like symptoms. These findings implicate the potential role of the Ppp1r21-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the pathophysiology of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Wu
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yiyu Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaoqing Cheng
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Mondal T, Gaur H, Wamba BEN, Michalak AG, Stout C, Watson MR, Aleixo SL, Singh A, Condello S, Faller R, Leiserowitz GS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir-Singh J. Characterizing the regulatory Fas (CD95) epitope critical for agonist antibody targeting and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2408-2431. [PMID: 37838774 PMCID: PMC10657439 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the most critical step to activate extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors belonging to the TNF superfamily. Although clinically unsuccessful, using agonist antibodies, the death receptors-5 remains extensively studied from a cancer therapeutics perspective. However, despite its regulatory role and elevated function in ovarian and other solid tumors, another tumor-enriched death receptor called Fas (CD95) remained undervalued in cancer immunotherapy until recently, when its role in off-target tumor killing by CAR-T therapies was imperative. By comprehensively analyzing structure studies in the context of the binding epitope of FasL and various preclinical Fas agonist antibodies, we characterize a highly significant patch of positively charged residue epitope (PPCR) in its cysteine-rich domain 2 of Fas. PPCR engagement is indispensable for superior Fas agonist signaling and CAR-T bystander function in ovarian tumor models. A single-point mutation in FasL or Fas that interferes with the PPCR engagement inhibited apoptotic signaling in tumor cells and T cells. Furthermore, considering that clinical and immunological features of the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) are directly attributed to homozygous mutations in FasL, we reveal differential mechanistic details of FasL/Fas clustering at the PPCR interface compared to described ALPS mutations. As Fas-mediated bystander killing remains vital to the success of CAR-T therapies in tumors, our findings highlight the therapeutic analytical design for potentially effective Fas-targeting strategies using death agonism to improve cancer immunotherapy in ovarian and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Himanshu Gaur
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice E N Wamba
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Abby Grace Michalak
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Camryn Stout
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Watson
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sophia L Aleixo
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gary Scott Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career Investigator at UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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5
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Zhao Y, Wei S, Chen L, Zhou X, Ma X. Primary biliary cholangitis: molecular pathogenesis perspectives and therapeutic potential of natural products. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164202. [PMID: 37457696 PMCID: PMC10349375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic immune liver disease characterized by persistent cholestasis, interlobular bile duct damage, portal inflammation, liver fibrosis, eventual cirrhosis, and death. Existing clinical and animal studies have made a good progress in bile acid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder inflammatory response, bile duct cell damage, and autoimmune response mechanisms. However, the pathogenesis of PBC has not been clearly elucidated. We focus on the pathological mechanism and new drug research and development of PBC in clinical and laboratory in the recent 20 years, to discuss the latest understanding of the pathological mechanism, treatment options, and drug discovery of PBC. Current clinical treatment mode and symptomatic drug support obviously cannot meet the urgent demand of patients with PBC, especially for the patients who do not respond to the current treatment drugs. New treatment methods are urgently needed. Drug candidates targeting reported targets or signals of PBC are emerging, albeit with some success and some failure. Single-target drugs cannot achieve ideal clinical efficacy. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development of PBC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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6
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Bernard JK, Marakovits C, Smith LG, Francis H. Mast Cell and Innate Immune Cell Communication in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:226-233. [PMID: 37268012 DOI: 10.1055/a-2104-9034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases (primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] and primary biliary cholangitis [PBC]). PSC and PBC are immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory diseases, characterized by bile duct inflammation and stricturing, advancing to hepatobiliary cirrhosis. MCs are tissue resident immune cells that may promote hepatic injury, inflammation, and fibrosis formation by either direct or indirect interactions with other innate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages/Kupffer cells, dendritic cells, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cells). The activation of these innate immune cells, usually through the degranulation of MCs, promotes antigen uptake and presentation to adaptive immune cells, exacerbating liver injury. In conclusion, dysregulation of MC-innate immune cell communications during liver injury and inflammation can lead to chronic liver injury and cancer.
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Grants
- IK6BX005226 Hickam Endowed Chair, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, the Indiana University Health - Indiana University School of Medicine Strategic Research Initiative
- 1I01BX003031 Hickam Endowed Chair, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, the Indiana University Health - Indiana University School of Medicine Strategic Research Initiative
- DK108959 United States Department of Veteran's Affairs, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service
- DK119421 United States Department of Veteran's Affairs, Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bernard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Corinn Marakovits
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Leah G Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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7
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Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, Ryan KM, Sarosiek KA, Sawa A, Sayan E, Schroder K, Scorrano L, Sesti F, Shao F, Shi Y, Sica GS, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stephanou A, Stockwell BR, Strapazzon F, Strasser A, Sun L, Sun E, Sun Q, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Troy CM, Turk B, Urbano N, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vander Heiden MG, Vanderluit JL, Verkhratsky A, Villunger A, von Karstedt S, Voss AK, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Vuri D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang R, Wang Y, Weber A, Wood W, Yamazaki T, Yang HT, Zakeri Z, Zawacka-Pankau JE, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhivotovsky B, Zhou W, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1097-1154. [PMID: 37100955 PMCID: PMC10130819 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Bano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J Deberardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR, 1231, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudan He
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
- ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavie Strapazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Carol M Troy
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Vuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Weber
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Hellen DJ, Bennett A, Malla S, Klindt C, Rao A, Dawson PA, Karpen SJ. Liver-restricted deletion of the biliary atresia candidate gene Pkd1l1 causes bile duct dysmorphogenesis and ciliopathy. Hepatology 2023; 77:1274-1286. [PMID: 36645229 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A recent multicenter genetic exploration of the biliary atresia splenic malformation syndrome identified mutations in the ciliary gene PKD1L1 as candidate etiologic contributors. We hypothesized that deletion of Pkd1l1 in developing hepatoblasts would lead to cholangiopathy in mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS CRISPR-based genome editing inserted loxP sites flanking exon 8 of the murine Pkd1l1 gene. Pkd1l1Fl/Fl cross-bred with alpha-fetoprotein-Cre expressing mice to generate a liver-specific intrahepatic Pkd1l1 -deficient model (LKO). From embryonic day 18 through week 30, control ( Fl/Fl ) and LKO mice were evaluated with standard serum chemistries and liver histology. At select ages, tissues were analyzed using RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy with a focus on biliary structures, peribiliary inflammation, and fibrosis. Bile duct ligation for 5 days of Fl/Fl and LKO mice was followed by standard serum and liver analytics. Histological analyses from perinatal ages revealed delayed biliary maturation and reduced primary cilia, with progressive cholangiocyte proliferation, peribiliary fibroinflammation, and arterial hypertrophy evident in 7- to 16-week-old LKO versus Fl/Fl livers. Following bile duct ligation, cholangiocyte proliferation, peribiliary fibroinflammation, and necrosis were increased in LKO compared with Fl/Fl livers. CONCLUSIONS Bile duct ligation of the Pkd1l1 -deficient mouse model mirrors several aspects of the intrahepatic pathophysiology of biliary atresia in humans including bile duct dysmorphogenesis, peribiliary fibroinflammation, hepatic arteriopathy, and ciliopathy. This first genetically linked model of biliary atresia, the Pkd1l1 LKO mouse, may allow researchers a means to develop a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of this serious and perplexing disorder, including the opportunity to identify rational therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J Hellen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Maretti-Mira AC, Salomon MP, Hsu AM, Dara L, Golden-Mason L. Etiology of end-stage liver cirrhosis impacts hepatic natural killer cell heterogenicity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137034. [PMID: 37063898 PMCID: PMC10098346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural killer (NK) cell population is a critical component of the innate immune compartment of the liver, and its functions are deeply affected by the surrounding environment. In the late stage of fibrosis, NK cells become dysfunctional, but the influence of disease etiology on NK cell behavior during cirrhosis remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we characterized the hepatic NK cells from end-stage cirrhotic livers from subjects with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Here, we show that although NK cells shared similar dysfunctions, the disease etiology impacts hepatic NK cell heterogeneity. Therapeutical strategies targeting NK cells for the prevention or treatment of fibrosis should consider liver disease etiology in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Maretti-Mira
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ana C. Maretti-Mira,
| | - Matthew P. Salomon
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angela M. Hsu
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lily Dara
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Cadamuro M, Al-Taee A, Gonda TA. Advanced endoscopy meets molecular diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2023; 78:1063-1072. [PMID: 36740048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma remains an aggressive and deadly malignancy that is often diagnosed late. Intrinsic tumour characteristics and the growth pattern of cancer cells contribute to the challenges of diagnosis and chemoresistance. However, establishing an early and accurate diagnosis, and in some instances identifying targetable changes, has the potential to impact survival. Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a chronic cholangiopathy prodromal to the development of a minority of cholangiocarcinomas, poses a particular diagnostic challenge. We present our diagnostic and theranostic approach to the initial evaluation of cholangiocarcinomas, focusing on extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This involves a multipronged strategy incorporating advanced imaging, endoscopic methods, multiple approaches to tissue sampling, and molecular markers. We also provide an algorithm for the sequential use of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Al-Taee
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbaba-Champaign, Champaign County, IL, USA
| | - Tamas A Gonda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Wang L, Jin H, Jochems F, Wang S, Lieftink C, Martinez IM, De Conti G, Edwards F, de Oliveira RL, Schepers A, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Wu W, Zheng X, Yuan S, Ling J, Jastrzebski K, Santos Dias MD, Song JY, Celie PNH, Yagita H, Yao M, Zhou W, Beijersbergen RL, Qin W, Bernards R. cFLIP suppression and DR5 activation sensitize senescent cancer cells to senolysis. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1284-1299. [PMID: 36414711 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Senolytics, drugs that kill senescent cells, have been proposed to improve the response to pro-senescence cancer therapies; however, this remains challenging due to a lack of broadly acting senolytic drugs. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based genetic screens in different senescent cancer cell models, we identify loss of the death receptor inhibitor cFLIP as a common vulnerability of senescent cancer cells. Senescent cells are primed for apoptotic death by NF-κB-mediated upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5) and its ligand TRAIL, but are protected from death by increased cFLIP expression. Activation of DR5 signaling by agonistic antibody, which can be enhanced further by suppression of cFLIP by BRD2 inhibition, leads to efficient killing of a variety of senescent cancer cells. Moreover, senescent cells sensitize adjacent non-senescent cells to killing by DR5 agonist through a bystander effect mediated by secretion of cytokines. We validate this 'one-two punch' cancer therapy by combining pro-senescence therapy with DR5 activation in different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Haojie Jin
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fleur Jochems
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Mora Martinez
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia De Conti
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Finn Edwards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Leite de Oliveira
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Schepers
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kathy Jastrzebski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matheus Dos Santos Dias
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick N H Celie
- Division of Biochemistry, Protein facility, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NKI Robotic and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Chen R, Tang R, Ma X, Gershwin ME. Immunologic Responses and the Pathophysiology of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Clin Liver Dis 2022; 26:583-611. [PMID: 36270718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease with a female predisposition and selective destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts leading to nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. It is characterized by seropositivity of antimitochondrial antibodies or PBC-specific antinuclear antibodies, progressive cholestasis, and typical liver histologic manifestations. Destruction of the protective bicarbonate-rich umbrella is attributed to the decreased expression of membrane transporters in biliary epithelial cells (BECs), leading to the accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids and sensitizing BECs to apoptosis. A recent X-wide association study reveals a novel risk locus on the X chromosome, which reiterates the importance of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology-Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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13
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Shivange G, Mondal T, Lyerly E, Bhatnagar S, Landen CN, Reddy S, Kim J, Doan B, Riddle P, Tushir-Singh J. A patch of positively charged residues regulates the efficacy of clinical DR5 antibodies in solid tumors. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109953. [PMID: 34731630 PMCID: PMC8720280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the first and critical step to activate apoptosis by death receptor-5 (DR5). The recent discovery of the autoinhibitory DR5 ectodomain has challenged the long-standing view of its mechanistic activation by the natural ligand Apo2L. Because the autoinhibitory residues have remained unknown, here we characterize a crucial patch of positively charged residues (PPCR) in the highly variable domain of DR5. The PPCR electrostatically separates DR5 receptors to autoinhibit their clustering in the absence of ligand and antibody binding. Mutational substitution and antibody-mediated PPCR interference resulted in increased apoptotic cytotoxic function. A dually specific antibody that enables sustained tampering with PPCR function exceptionally enhanced DR5 clustering and apoptotic activation and distinctively improved the survival of animals bearing aggressive metastatic and recurrent tumors, whereas clinically tested DR5 antibodies without PPCR blockade function were largely ineffective. Our study provides mechanistic insights into DR5 activation and a therapeutic analytical design for potential clinical success.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Epitopes
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA; Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Shivani Reddy
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Britney Doan
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Paula Riddle
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville VA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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14
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Bessone F, Hernández N, Tanno M, Roma MG. Drug-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Semin Liver Dis 2021; 41:331-348. [PMID: 34130334 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The most concerned issue in the context of drug/herb-induced chronic cholestasis is vanishing bile duct syndrome. The progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts leading to ductopenia is usually not dose dependent, and has a delayed onset that should be suspected when abnormal serum cholestasis enzyme levels persist despite drug withdrawal. Immune-mediated cholangiocyte injury, direct cholangiocyte damage by drugs or their metabolites once in bile, and sustained exposure to toxic bile salts when biliary epithelium protective defenses are impaired are the main mechanisms of cholangiolar damage. Current therapeutic alternatives are scarce and have not shown consistent beneficial effects so far. This review will summarize the current literature on the main diagnostic tools of ductopenia and its histological features, and the differential diagnostic with other ductopenic diseases. In addition, pathomechanisms will be addressed, as well as the connection between them and the supportive and curative strategies for ductopenia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nelia Hernández
- Clínica de Gastroenterología, Hospital de Clínicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Tanno
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET-UNR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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15
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Li H, Guan Y, Han C, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Wei W, Ma Y. The pathogenesis, models and therapeutic advances of primary biliary cholangitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111754. [PMID: 34044277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts and the presence of antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), eventually progresses to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors are involved in the occurrence of PBC, and the epitopes exposure and the imbalance of autoimmune tolerance are the last straw. The apoptosis of biliary epithelial cell (BEC) leads to the release of autoantigen epitopes, which activate the immune system, and the disorder of innate and adaptive immunity eventually leads to the start of disease. Animal models have unique advantages in investigating the pathogenesis and drug exploitation of PBC. Multiple models have been reported, and spontaneous model and induced model have been widely used in relevant research of PBC in recent years. Currently, the only drugs licensed for PBC are ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA). In the last few years, as the learned more about the pathogenesis of PBC, more and more targets have been discovered, and multiple targeted drugs are being in developed. In this review, the pathogenesis, murine models and treatment strategies of PBC were summarized, and the current research status was discussed to provide insights for the further study of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanling Guan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chenchen Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Yang Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
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16
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Mondal T, Shivange GN, Tihagam RGT, Lyerly E, Battista M, Talwar D, Mosavian R, Urbanek K, Rashid NS, Harrell JC, Bos PD, Stelow EB, Stack MS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir‐Singh J. Unexpected PD-L1 immune evasion mechanism in TNBC, ovarian, and other solid tumors by DR5 agonist antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12716. [PMID: 33587338 PMCID: PMC7933954 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective immune infiltration represents a significant barrier to immunotherapy in solid tumors. Thus, solid tumor-enriched death receptor-5 (DR5) activating antibodies, which generates tumor debulking by extrinsic apoptotic cytotoxicity, remains a crucial alternate therapeutic strategy. Over past few decades, many DR5 antibodies moved to clinical trials after successfully controlling tumors in immunodeficient tumor xenografts. However, DR5 antibodies failed to significantly improve survival in phase-II trials, leading in efforts to generate second generation of DR5 agonists to supersize apoptotic cytotoxicity in tumors. Here we have discovered that clinical DR5 antibodies activate an unexpected immunosuppressive PD-L1 stabilization pathway, which potentially had contributed to their limited success in clinics. The DR5 agonist stimulated caspase-8 signaling not only activates ROCK1 but also undermines proteasome function, both of which contributes to increased PD-L1 stability on tumor cell surface. Targeting DR5-ROCK1-PD-L1 axis markedly increases immune effector T-cell function, promotes tumor regression, and improves overall survival in animal models. These insights have identified a potential clinically viable combinatorial strategy to revive solid cancer immunotherapy using death receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Gururaj N Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Rachisan GT Tihagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Michael Battista
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Divpriya Talwar
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Roxanna Mosavian
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Karol Urbanek
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | | | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of PathologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Jogender Tushir‐Singh
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- DoD Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career InvestigatorCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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17
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Shojaie L, Iorga A, Dara L. Cell Death in Liver Diseases: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249682. [PMID: 33353156 PMCID: PMC7766597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is pivotal in directing the severity and outcome of liver injury. Hepatocyte cell death is a critical event in the progression of liver disease due to resultant inflammation leading to fibrosis. Apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and recently, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, have all been investigated in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. These cell death subroutines display distinct features, while sharing many similar characteristics with considerable overlap and crosstalk. Multiple types of cell death modes can likely coexist, and the death of different liver cell populations may contribute to liver injury in each type of disease. This review addresses the known signaling cascades in each cell death pathway and its implications in liver disease. In this review, we describe the common findings in each disease model, as well as the controversies and the limitations of current data with a particular focus on cell death-related research in humans and in rodent models of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis (NASH/NAFLD), acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, and viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Shojaie
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrea Iorga
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lily Dara
- Division of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.S.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Azad AI, Krishnan A, Troop L, Li Y, Katsumi T, Pavelko K, Kostallari E, Guicciardi ME, Gores GJ. Targeted Apoptosis of Ductular Reactive Cells Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Cholestasis. Hepatology 2020; 72:1013-1028. [PMID: 32128842 PMCID: PMC7774262 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In cholestatic liver diseases, ductular reactive (DR) cells extend into the hepatic parenchyma and promote inflammation and fibrosis. We have previously observed that multidrug-resistant 2 (Mdr2-/- ) double knockout (DKO) mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (Tr-/- ) display a more extensive ductular reaction and hepatic fibrosis compared to Mdr2-/- mice. This observation suggests that the magnitude of the DR-cell population may be regulated by apoptosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To examine this concept, we cultured epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive reactive cholangioids (ERCs) obtained from wild-type (WT), Tr-/- , Mdr2-/- and DKO mice. Single-cell transcriptomics and immunostaining of both WT and DKO ERCs confirmed their DR-cell phenotype. Moreover, DKO ERCs displayed a unique translational cluster with expression of chemokines, indicating a reactive state. Incubation with the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) inhibitor S63845, a proapoptotic BH3-mimetic therapy, significantly decreased DKO and Mdr2-/- ERC viability compared to WT. Intravenous administration of S63845 significantly reduced the DR-cell population and markers of inflammation and liver fibrosis in Mdr2-/- and DKO mice. Furthermore, DKO mice treated with S63845 displayed a significant decrease in hepatic B lymphocytes compared to untreated mice as assessed by high-definition mass cytometry by time-of-flight. Coculture of bone marrow-derived macrophages with ERCs from DKO mouse livers up-regulated expression of the B cell-directed chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5. Finally, DR cells were noted to be primed for apoptosis with Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer activation in vitro and in vivo in primary sclerosing cholangitis liver specimens. CONCLUSIONS DR cells appear to play a key role in recruiting immune cells to the liver to actively create an inflammatory and profibrogenic microenvironment. Pharmacologic targeting of MCL1 in a mouse model of chronic cholestasis reduces DR-cell and B-cell populations and hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba I. Azad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Leia Troop
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ying Li
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tomohiro Katsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kevin Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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19
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Krishnan A, Katsumi T, Guicciardi ME, Azad AI, Ozturk NB, Trussoni CE, Gores GJ. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor Deficiency Promotes the Ductular Reaction, Macrophage Accumulation, and Hepatic Fibrosis in the Abcb4 -/- Mouse. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1284-1297. [PMID: 32240619 PMCID: PMC7280758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; TNFSF10) receptor (TR) is a pro-apoptotic receptor whose contribution to chronic cholestatic liver disease is unclear. Herein, we examined TRAIL receptor signaling in a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury. TRAIL receptor-deficient (Tnsf10 or Tr-/-) mice were crossbred with ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4-deficient (Abcb4-/-, alias Mdr2-/-) mice. Male and female wild-type, Tr-/-, Mdr2-/-, and Tr-/-Mdr2-/- mice were assessed for liver injury, fibrosis, and ductular reactive (DR) cells. Macrophage subsets were examined by high-dimensional mass cytometry (time-of-flight mass cytometry). Mdr2-/- and Tr-/-Mdr2-/- mice had elevated liver weights and serum alanine transferase values. However, fibrosis was primarily periductular in Mdr2-/- mice, compared with extensive bridging fibrosis in Tr-/-Mdr2-/- mice. DR cell population was greatly expanded in the Tr-/-Mdr2-/- versus Mdr2-/- mice. The expanded DR cell population in Tr-/-Mdr2-/- mice was due to decreased cell loss by apoptosis and not enhanced proliferation. As assessed by time-of-flight mass cytometry, total macrophages were more abundant in Tr-/-Mdr2-/- versus Mdr2-/- mice, suggesting the DR cell population promotes macrophage-associated hepatic inflammation. Inhibition of monocyte-derived recruited macrophages using the CCR2/CCR5 antagonist cenicriviroc in the Mdr2-/- mice resulted in further expansion of the DR cell population. In conclusion, genetic deletion of TRAIL receptor increased the DR cell population, macrophage accumulation, and hepatic fibrosis in the Mdr2-/- model of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tomohiro Katsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maria E Guicciardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adiba I Azad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nazli B Ozturk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christy E Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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20
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Ronca V, Mancuso C, Milani C, Carbone M, Oo YH, Invernizzi P. Immune system and cholangiocytes: A puzzling affair in primary biliary cholangitis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:659-671. [PMID: 32349179 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0320-200r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by the destruction of the small and medium bile ducts. Its pathogenesis is still unknown. Despite the genome wide association study findings, the therapies targeting the cytokines pathway, tested so far, have failed. The concept of the biliary epithelium as a key player of the PBC pathogenesis has emerged over the last few years. It is now well accepted that the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) actively participate to the genesis of the damage. The chronic stimulation of BECs via microbes and bile changes the cell phenotype toward an active state, which, across the production of proinflammatory mediators, can recruit, retain, and activate immune cells. The consequent immune system activation can in turn damage BECs. Thus, the crosstalk between both innate and adaptive immune cells and the biliary epithelium creates a paracrine loop responsible for the disease progression. In this review, we summarize the evidence provided in literature about the role of BECs and the immune system in the pathogenesis of PBC. We also dissect the relationship between the immune system and the BECs, focusing on the unanswered questions and the future potential directions of the translational research and the cellular therapy in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ronca
- Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Centre Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Clara Mancuso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Milani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Carbone
- Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- National Institute of Health Research Liver Biomedical Research Centre Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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21
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Gulamhusein AF, Hirschfield GM, Milovanovic J, Arsenijevic D, Arsenijevic N, Milovanovic M. Primary biliary cholangitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:93-110. [PMID: 31819247 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis is a chronic, seropositive and female-predominant inflammatory and cholestatic liver disease, which has a variable rate of progression towards biliary cirrhosis. Substantial progress has been made in patient risk stratification with the goal of personalized care, including early adoption of next-generation therapy with licensed use of obeticholic acid or off-label fibrate derivatives for those with insufficient benefit from ursodeoxycholic acid, the current first-line drug. The disease biology spans genetic risk, epigenetic changes, dysregulated mucosal immunity and altered biliary epithelial cell function, all of which interact and arise in the context of ill-defined environmental triggers. A current focus of research on nuclear receptor pathway modulation that specifically and potently improves biliary excretion, reduces inflammation and attenuates fibrosis is redefining therapy. Patients are benefiting from pharmacological agonists of farnesoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Immunotherapy remains a challenge, with a lack of target definition, pleiotropic immune pathways and an interplay between hepatic immune responses and cholestasis, wherein bile acid-induced inflammation and fibrosis are dominant clinically. The management of patient symptoms, particularly pruritus, is a notable goal reflected in the development of rational therapy with apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya F Gulamhusein
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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22
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Zhao SX, Li WC, Fu N, Zhou GD, Liu SH, Jiang LN, Zhang YG, Wang RQ, Nan YM, Zhao JM. Emperipolesis mediated by CD8 + T cells correlates with biliary epithelia cell injury in primary biliary cholangitis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1268-1275. [PMID: 31851780 PMCID: PMC6991671 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic destruction of the bile ducts. A major unanswered question regarding the pathogenesis of PBC is the precise mechanisms of small bile duct injury. Emperipolesis is one of cell-in-cell structures that is a potential histological hallmark associated with chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenesis and characteristics of emperipolesis in PBC liver injury. Sixty-six PBC patients, diagnosed by liver biopsy combined with laboratory test, were divided into early-stage PBC (stages I and II, n = 39) and late-stage PBC (stages III and IV, n = 27). Emperipolesis was measured in liver sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin. The expressions of CK19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Ki67 and apoptosis of BECs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence double labelling. Emperipolesis was observed in 62.1% of patients with PBC, and BECs were predominantly host cells. The number of infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with the advancement of emperipolesis (R2 = 0.318, P < .001; R2 = 0.060, P < .05). The cell numbers of TUNEL-positive BECs and double staining for CK19 and Ki67 showed a significant positive correlation with emperipolesis degree (R2 = 0.236, P < .001; R2 = 0.267, P < .001). We conclude that emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells appears to be relevant to apoptosis of BEC and thus may aggravate the further injury of interlobular bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xian Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Cong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Guang-de Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology Institution, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology Institution, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology Institution, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zhang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Qi Wang
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Min Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology Institution, The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
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23
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Ravichandran G, Neumann K, Berkhout LK, Weidemann S, Langeneckert AE, Schwinge D, Poch T, Huber S, Schiller B, Hess LU, Ziegler AE, Oldhafer KJ, Barikbin R, Schramm C, Altfeld M, Tiegs G. Interferon-γ-dependent immune responses contribute to the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis in mice. J Hepatol 2019; 71:773-782. [PMID: 31173810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic, chronic cholestatic liver disorder characterized by biliary inflammation and fibrosis. Increased numbers of intrahepatic interferon-γ- (IFNγ) producing lymphocytes have been documented in patients with PSC, yet their functional role remains to be determined. METHODS Liver tissue samples were collected from patients with PSC. The contribution of lymphocytes to liver pathology was assessed in Mdr2-/- x Rag1-/- mice, which lack T and B cells, and following depletion of CD90.2+ or natural killer (NK)p46+ cells in Mdr2-/- mice. Liver pathology was also determined in Mdr2-/- x Ifng-/- mice and following anti-IFNγ antibody treatment of Mdr2-/- mice. Immune cell composition was analysed by multi-colour flow cytometry. Liver injury and fibrosis were determined by standard assays. RESULTS Patients with PSC showed increased IFNγ serum levels and elevated numbers of hepatic CD56bright NK cells. In Mdr2-/- mice, hepatic CD8+ T cells and NK cells were the primary source of IFNγ. Depletion of CD90.2+ cells reduced hepatic Ifng expression, NK cell cytotoxicity and liver injury similar to Mdr2-/- x Rag1-/- mice. Depletion of NK cells resulted in reduced CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and liver fibrosis. The complete absence of IFNγ in Mdr2-/-x Ifng-/- mice reduced NK cell and CD8+ T cell frequencies expressing the cytotoxic effector molecules granzyme B and TRAIL and prevented liver fibrosis. The antifibrotic effect of IFNγ was also observed upon antibody-dependent neutralisation in Mdr2-/- mice. CONCLUSION IFNγ changed the phenotype of hepatic CD8+ T cells and NK cells towards increased cytotoxicity and its absence attenuated liver fibrosis in chronic sclerosing cholangitis. Therefore, unravelling the immunopathogenesis of PSC with a particular focus on IFNγ might help to develop novel treatment options. LAY SUMMARY Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by biliary inflammation and fibrosis, whose current medical treatment is hardly effective. We observed an increased interferon (IFN)-γ response in patients with PSC and in a mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis. IFNγ changed the phenotype of hepatic CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells towards increased cytotoxicity, and its absence decreased liver cell death, reduced frequencies of inflammatory macrophages in the liver and attenuated liver fibrosis. Therefore, IFNγ-dependent immune responses may disclose checkpoints for future therapeutic intervention strategies in sclerosing cholangitis.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura K Berkhout
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Annika E Langeneckert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard U Hess
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annerose E Ziegler
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Center for Internal Medicine, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Shi H, Zhang Y, Yin X, Liu M, Zhang H, He Y, Lu B, Jin T, Li F. Human immunoglobulin G hinge regulates agonistic anti-CD40 immunostimulatory and antitumour activities through biophysical flexibility. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4206. [PMID: 31562320 PMCID: PMC6765011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) agonistic antibodies targeting costimulatory immunoreceptors represent promising cancer immunotherapies yet to be developed. Whether, and how, human IgG hinge and Fc impact on their agonistic functions have been disputed. Here, we show that different natural human IgGs confer divergent agonistic anti-CD40 immunostimulatory and antitumour activities in FcγR-humanized mice, including inactive IgG3 and superior IgG2. This divergence is primarily due to their CH1-hinges despite all human IgGs requiring Fc-FcγR binding for optimal agonistic activities. Unexpectedly, biophysical flexibility of these CH1-hinges inversely correlates with, and can modulate, their agonistic potency. Furthermore, IgG Fcs optimized for selective FcγR binding synergize with and still require IgG hinge, selected for rigidity, to confer improved anti-CD40 immunostimulatory and antitumour activities. These findings highlight the importance of both hinge rigidity and selective FcγR binding in antibody agonistic function, and the need for newer strategies to modulate antibody agonism for improved clinical application. Conserved regions of the antibody molecule impact its downstream biological effects. Here the authors show that a rigid hinge conformation increases the agonistic activity of CD40 and DR5 antibodies, distinctly from FcγR-binding, suggesting that the hinge and FcR binding regions can be separately modified to optimize therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huan Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xueying Yin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | | | | | - Yongning He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Center for Protein Science, Shanghai Science Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fubin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Mikulak J, Bruni E, Oriolo F, Di Vito C, Mavilio D. Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:946. [PMID: 31114585 PMCID: PMC6502999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in both physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, there is a pressing need to comprehensively characterize human he-NK cells to better understand the related mechanisms regulating their effector-functions within the dynamic balance between immune-tolerance and immune-surveillance. This is of particular relevance in the liver that is the only solid organ whose parenchyma is constantly challenged on daily basis by millions of foreign antigens drained from the gut. Therefore, the present review summarizes our current knowledge on he-NK cells in the light of the latest discoveries in the field of NK cell biology and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bruni
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Oriolo
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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26
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Immunological abnormalities in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:741-760. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20181123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease occurring predominantly in women, is characterized by high titers of serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and progressive intrahepatic cholestasis. The immune system plays a critical role in PBC pathogenesis and a variety of immune cell subsets have been shown to infiltrate the portal tract areas of patients with PBC. Amongst the participating immune cells, CD4 T cells are important cytokine-producing cells that foster an inflammatory microenvironment. Specifically, these cells orchestrate activation of other immune cells, including autoreactive effector CD8 T cells that cause biliary epithelial cell (BEC) injury and B cells that produce large quantities of AMAs. Meanwhile, other immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, monocytes, and macrophages are also important in PBC pathogenesis. Activation of these cells initiates and perpetuates bile duct damage in PBC patients, leading to intrahepatic cholestasis, hepatic damage, liver fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis or even liver failure. Taken together, the body of accumulated clinical and experimental evidence has enhanced our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of PBC and suggests that immunotherapy may be a promising treatment option. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding immunological abnormalities of PBC patients, with emphasis on underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The differential immune response which occurs over decades of disease activity suggests that different therapies may be needed at different stages of disease.
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27
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Park JS, Oh Y, Park YJ, Park O, Yang H, Slania S, Hummers LK, Shah AA, An HT, Jang J, Horton MR, Shin J, Dietz HC, Song E, Na DH, Park EJ, Kim K, Lee KC, Roschke VV, Hanes J, Pomper MG, Lee S. Targeting of dermal myofibroblasts through death receptor 5 arrests fibrosis in mouse models of scleroderma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1128. [PMID: 30850660 PMCID: PMC6408468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma is an autoimmune rheumatic disorder accompanied by severe fibrosis in skin and other internal organs. During scleroderma progression, resident fibroblasts undergo activation and convert to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts (MFBs) with increased capacity to synthesize collagens and fibrogenic components. Accordingly, MFBs are a major therapeutic target for fibrosis in scleroderma and treatment with blocking MFBs could produce anti-fibrotic effects. TLY012 is an engineered human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) which induces selective apoptosis in transformed cells expressing its cognate death receptors (DRs). Here we report that TLY012 selectively blocks activation of dermal fibroblasts and induces DR-mediated apoptosis in α-SMA+ MFBs through upregulated DR5 during its activation. In vivo, TLY012 reverses established skin fibrosis to near-normal skin architecture in mouse models of scleroderma. Thus, the TRAIL pathway plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and targeting upregulated DR5 in α-SMA+ MFBs is a viable therapy for fibrosis in scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Sung Park
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Yumin Oh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Yong Joo Park
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Ogyi Park
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Theraly Fibrosis Inc., Germantown, 20876, MD, USA
| | - Hoseong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Slania
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Laura K Hummers
- Scleroderma Center, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
| | - Ami A Shah
- Scleroderma Center, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
| | - Hyoung-Tae An
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Jiyeon Jang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Shin
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Choon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, SungKyunKwan University, Jangangu, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Department of Materials and Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA
| | - Seulki Lee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials and Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of liver toxicity which can have varying clinical presentations, the most severe of which being acute liver failure. Hepatocyte death as a cause of drug toxicity is a feature of DILI. There are multiple cell death subroutines; some, like apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and necrosis have been extensively studied, while others such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis have been more recently described. The mode of cell death in DILI depends on the culprit drug, as it largely dictates the mechanism and extent of injury. The main cell death subroutines in DILI are apoptosis and necrosis, with mitochondrial involvement being pivotal for the execution of both. A few drugs such as acetaminophen (APAP) can cause direct, dose-dependent toxicity, while the majority of drugs cause idiosyncratic DILI (IDILI). IDILI is an unpredictable form of liver injury that is not dose dependent, occurs in individuals with a genetic predisposition, and presents with variable latency. APAP-induced programmed necrosis has been extensively studied. However, the mechanisms and pathogenesis of cell death from drugs causing IDILI are harder to elucidate due to the complex and multifactorial nature of the disease. Cell death in IDILI is likely death receptor-mediated apoptosis and the result of an activated innate and adaptive immune system, compounded by other host factors such as genetics, gender, age, and capacity for immune tolerance. This chapter will review the different modes of cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis and their pertinence to DILI.
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29
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Cholangiocyte death in ductopenic cholestatic cholangiopathies: Mechanistic basis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Life Sci 2019; 218:324-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA, Nathanson MH. Calcium Signaling in Cholangiocytes: Methods, Mechanisms, and Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123913. [PMID: 30563259 PMCID: PMC6321159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile second messenger that regulates a number of cellular processes in virtually every type of cell. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR) is the only intracellular Ca2+ release channel in cholangiocytes, and is therefore responsible for Ca2+-mediated processes in these cells. This review will discuss the machinery responsible for Ca2+ signals in these cells, as well as experimental models used to investigate cholangiocyte Ca2+ signaling. We will also discuss the role of Ca2+ in the normal and abnormal regulation of secretion and apoptosis in cholangiocytes, two of the best characterized processes mediated by Ca2+ in this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Angela Rodrigues
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, USA.
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte-MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Michael Harris Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, USA.
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31
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Shivange G, Urbanek K, Przanowski P, Perry JSA, Jones J, Haggart R, Kostka C, Patki T, Stelow E, Petrova Y, Llaneza D, Mayo M, Ravichandran KS, Landen CN, Bhatnagar S, Tushir-Singh J. A Single-Agent Dual-Specificity Targeting of FOLR1 and DR5 as an Effective Strategy for Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:331-345.e11. [PMID: 30107179 PMCID: PMC6404966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting ovarian cancer (OvCa)-enriched receptors have largely been disappointing due to limited tumor-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Here we report a symbiotic approach that is highly selective and superior compared with investigational clinical antibodies. This bispecific-anchored cytotoxicity activator antibody is rationally designed to instigate "cis" and "trans" cytotoxicity by combining specificities against folate receptor alpha-1 (FOLR1) and death receptor 5 (DR5). Whereas the in vivo agonist DR5 signaling requires FcγRIIB interaction, the FOLR1 anchor functions as a primary clustering point to retain and maintain a high level of tumor-specific apoptosis. The presented proof of concept study strategically makes use of a tumor cell-enriched anchor receptor for agonist death receptor targeting to potentially generate a clinically viable strategy for OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Karol Urbanek
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Piotr Przanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Center for Cell Clearance and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - James Jones
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Robert Haggart
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Christina Kostka
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tejal Patki
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Undergraduate Research Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Edward Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yuliya Petrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Danielle Llaneza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Marty Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Center for Cell Clearance and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles N Landen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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32
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Gulamhusein AF, Hirschfield GM. Pathophysiology of primary biliary cholangitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 34-35:17-25. [PMID: 30343706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis is a prototypical autoimmune disease characterized by an overwhelming female predominance, a distinct clinical phenotype, and disease specific anti-mitochondrial antibodies targeted against a well-defined auto-antigen. In a genetically susceptible host, multi-lineage loss of tolerance to the E2 component of the 2-oxo-dehydrogenase pathway and dysregulated immune pathways directed at biliary epithelial cells leads to cholestasis, progressive biliary fibrosis, and cirrhosis in a subset of patients. Several key insights have shed light on the complex pathogenesis of disease. First, characteristic anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) target lipoic acid containing immunodominant epitopes, particularly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), on the inner mitochondrial membrane of BECs. Next, breakdown of the protective apical bicarbonate rich umbrella may sensitize BECs to aberrant apoptotic pathways leaving the antigenic PDC-E2 epitope immunologically tact within an apoptotic bleb. A multi-lineage immune response ensues characterized by an imbalance between effector and regulatory activity resulting in progressive and self-perpetuating biliary injury. Genome wide studies shed light on important pathways involved in disease, key among them being IL-12. Epigenetic mechanisms and microRNAs may play help shed light on the missing heritability and female preponderance of disease. Taken together, these findings have dramatically advanced our understanding of disease and may lead to important therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya F Gulamhusein
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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33
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Cheung AC, Lorenzo Pisarello MJ, LaRusso NF. Pathobiology of biliary epithelia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1220-1231. [PMID: 28716705 PMCID: PMC5777905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocytes are epithelial cells that line the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree. They serve predominantly to mediate the content of luminal biliary fluid, which is controlled via numerous signaling pathways influenced by endogenous (e.g., bile acids, nucleotides, hormones, neurotransmitters) and exogenous (e.g., microbes/microbial products, drugs etc.) molecules. When injured, cholangiocytes undergo apoptosis/lysis, repair and proliferation. They also become senescent, a form of cell cycle arrest, which may prevent propagation of injury and/or malignant transformation. Senescent cholangiocytes can undergo further transformation to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), where they begin secreting pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signals that may contribute to disease initiation and progression. These and other concepts related to cholangiocyte pathobiology will be reviewed herein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Maria J Lorenzo Pisarello
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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34
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Gehrke N, Nagel M, Straub BK, Wörns MA, Schuchmann M, Galle PR, Schattenberg JM. Loss of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein promotes acute cholestatic liver injury and inflammation from bile duct ligation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G319-G333. [PMID: 29191940 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00097.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injury results from impaired bile flow or metabolism and promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. Toxic bile acids that accumulate in cholestasis induce apoptosis and contribute to early cholestatic liver injury, which is amplified by accompanying inflammation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of the antiapoptotic caspase 8-homolog cellular FLICE-inhibitory (cFLIP) protein during acute cholestatic liver injury. Transgenic mice exhibiting hepatocyte-specific deletion of cFLIP (cFLIP-/-) were used for in vivo and in vitro analysis of cholestatic liver injury using bile duct ligation (BDL) and the addition of bile acids ex vivo. Loss of cFLIP in hepatocytes promoted acute cholestatic liver injury early after BDL, which was characterized by a rapid release of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL2), an increased presence of CD68+ macrophages and an influx of neutrophils in the liver, and resulting apoptotic and necrotic hepatocyte cell death. Mechanistically, liver injury in cFLIP-/- mice was aggravated by reactive oxygen species, and sustained activation of the JNK signaling pathway. In parallel, cytoprotective NF-κB p65, A20, and the MAPK p38 were inhibited. Increased injury in cFLIP-/- mice was accompanied by activation of hepatic stellate cells and profibrogenic regulators. The antagonistic caspase 8-homolog cFLIP is a critical regulator of acute, cholestatic liver injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current paper explores the role of a classical modulator of hepatocellular apoptosis in early, cholestatic liver injury. These include activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling, production of inflammatory cytokines, and recruitment of neutrophils in response to cholestasis. Because these signaling pathways are currently exploited in clinical trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, the current data will help in the development of novel pharmacological options in these indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Michael Nagel
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | | | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
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35
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Ma WT, Liu QZ, Yang JB, Yang YQ, Zhao ZB, Ma HD, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. A Mouse Model of Autoimmune Cholangitis via Syngeneic Bile Duct Protein Immunization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15246. [PMID: 29127360 PMCID: PMC5681628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by the destruction of interlobular biliary ductules, which progressively leads to cholestasis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. Several mouse models have been used to clarify the pathogenesis of PBC and are generally considered reflective of an autoimmune cholangitis. Most models focus on issues of molecular mimicry between the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), the major mitochondrial autoantigen of PBC and xenobiotic cross reactive chemicals. None have focused on the classic models of breaking tolerance, namely immunization with self-tissue. Here, we report a novel mouse model of autoimmune cholangitis via immunization with syngeneic bile duct protein (BDP). Our results demonstrate that syngeneic bile duct antigens efficiently break immune tolerance of recipient mice, capturing several key features of PBC, including liver-specific inflammation focused on portal tract areas, increased number and activation state of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the liver and spleen. Furthermore, the germinal center (GC) responses in the spleen were more enhanced in our mouse model. Finally, these mice were 100% positive for anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs). In conclusion, we developed a novel mouse model of PBC that may help to elucidate the detailed mechanism of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qing-Zhi Liu
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yan-Qing Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hong-Di Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Liver Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Immunology and The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, 230027, China.
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36
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Chung BK, Karlsen TH, Folseraas T. Cholangiocytes in the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis and development of cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1390-1400. [PMID: 28844951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic cholangiopathy strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and characterized by cholestasis, chronic immune infiltration and progressive fibrosis of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. PSC confers a high risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) with PSC-CCA representing the leading cause of PSC-associated mortality. PSC-CCA is derived from cholangiocytes and associated progenitor cells - a heterogeneous group of dynamic epithelial cells lining the biliary tree that modulate the composition and volume of bile production by the liver. Infection, inflammation and cholestasis can trigger cholangiocyte activation leading to an increased expression of adhesion and antigen-presenting molecules as well as the release of various inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators. As a result, activated cholangiocytes engage in a myriad of cellular processes, including hepatocellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Cholangiocytes can also regulate the recruitment of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells that participate in tissue repair and destruction in settings of persistent inflammation. In PSC, the role of cholangiocytes and the mechanisms governing their transformation to PSC-CCA are unclear however localization of disease suggests that cholangiocytes are a key target and potential regulator of hepatobiliary immunity, fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. Herein, we summarize mechanisms of cholangiocyte activation in PSC and highlight new insights into disease pathways that may contribute to the development of PSC-CCA. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Chung
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Inflammation Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Zhang H, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME, Ma X. How the biliary tree maintains immune tolerance? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1367-1373. [PMID: 28844953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ with distinctive anatomy, histology and heterogeneous cell populations. These characteristics are of particular importance in maintaining immune homeostasis within the liver microenvironments, notably the biliary tree. Cholangiocytes are the first line of defense of the biliary tree against foreign substances, and are equipped to participate through various immunological pathways. Indeed, cholangiocytes protect against pathogens by TLRs-related signaling; maintain tolerance by expression of IRAK-M and PPARγ; limit immune response by inducing apoptosis of leukocytes; present antigen by expressing human leukocyte antigen molecules and costimulatory molecules; recruit leukocytes to the target site by expressing cytokines and chemokines. However, breach of tolerance in the biliary tree results in various cholangiopathies, exemplified by primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary atresia. Lessons learned from immune tolerance of the biliary tree will provide the basis for the development of effective therapeutic approaches against autoimmune biliary tract diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cholangiocytes in Health and Disease edited by Jesus Banales, Marco Marzioni, Nicholas LaRusso and Peter Jansen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
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38
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Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:245-256. [PMID: 28603092 PMCID: PMC7172563 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions. DATA SOURCES The data of mouse hepatic models and relevant human liver diseases presented in this review are systematically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CCl4, acetaminophen or alcohol represent necrotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-alpha induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrated the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The alpha-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-alpha. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-alpha, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly(I:C) induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-alpha signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune cells and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV), drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human liver pathology. Blocking or stimulating the pathways associated with liver cell death could unveil the novel therapeutic strategies in the management of liver diseases.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss reasons why immunosuppressive therapy so far failed in Primary Biliry Cholangitis. Recent Findings Even targeted immunosuppressive therapy seems ineffective or potentially harmful. Summary Bile acid-mediated cholangiocyte damage, facilitated by insufficient bicarbonate secretion, seems to attenuate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions of immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory drugs in a clinically significant way.
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Autocrine and Paracrine Mechanisms Promoting Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010149. [PMID: 28098760 PMCID: PMC5297782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, a typical feature of cholangiocarcinoma, prevents the efficacy of the therapeutic arsenal usually used to combat malignancy in humans. Mechanisms of chemoresistance by neoplastic cholangiocytes include evasion of drug-induced apoptosis mediated by autocrine and paracrine cues released in the tumor microenvironment. Here, recent evidence regarding molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is reviewed, as well as associations between well-developed chemoresistance and activation of the cancer stem cell compartment. It is concluded that improved understanding of the complex interplay between apoptosis signaling and the promotion of cell survival represent potentially productive areas for active investigation, with the ultimate aim of encouraging future studies to unveil new, effective strategies able to overcome current limitations on treatment.
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Guicciardi ME, Krishnan A, Bronk SF, Hirsova P, Griffith TS, Gores GJ. Biliary tract instillation of a SMAC mimetic induces TRAIL-dependent acute sclerosing cholangitis-like injury in mice. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2535. [PMID: 28055006 PMCID: PMC5386369 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiopathogenesis characterized by fibrous cholangiopathy of large and small bile ducts. Systemic administration of a murine TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor agonist induces a sclerosing cholangitis injury in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting endogenous TRAIL may contribute to sclerosing cholangitis syndromes. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAP-1 and cIAP-2) are negative regulators of inflammation and TRAIL receptor signaling. We hypothesized that if endogenous TRAIL promotes sclerosing cholangitis, then cIAP depletion should also induce this biliary tract injury. Herein, we show that cIAP protein levels are reduced in the interlobular bile ducts of human PSC livers. Downregulation of cIAPs in normal human cholangiocytes in vitro by use of a SMAC mimetic (SM) induces moderate, ripoptosome-mediated apoptosis and RIP1-independent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Cytokine and chemokine expression was mediated by the non-canonical activation of NF-κB. To investigate whether downregulation of cIAPs is linked to generation of a PSC-like phenotype, an SM was directly instilled into the mouse biliary tree. Twelve hours after biliary instillation, TUNEL-positive cholangiocytes were identified; 5 days later, PSC-like changes were observed in the SM-treated mice, including a fibrous cholangiopathy of the interlobular bile ducts, portal inflammation, significant elevation of serum markers of cholestasis and cholangiographic evidence of intrahepatic biliary tract injury. In contrast, TRAIL and TRAIL-receptor deficient mice showed no sign of cholangiopathy following SM intrabiliary injection. We conclude that in vivo antagonism of cIAPs in mouse biliary epithelial cells is sufficient to trigger cholangiocytes apoptosis and a proinflammatory response resulting in a fibrous cholangiopathy resembling human sclerosing cholangitis. Therefore, downregulation of cIAPs in PSC cholangiocytes may contribute to the development of the disease. Our results also indicate that inhibition of TRAIL signaling pathways may be beneficial in the treatment of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Guicciardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven F Bronk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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NK Cell Subtypes as Regulators of Autoimmune Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:6903496. [PMID: 27462349 PMCID: PMC4947642 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6903496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As major components of innate immunity, NK cells not only exert cell-mediated cytotoxicity to destroy tumors or infected cells, but also act to regulate the functions of other cells in the immune system by secreting cytokines and chemokines. Thus, NK cells provide surveillance in the early defense against viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancer cells. However, the effecter function of NK cells must be exquisitely controlled to prevent inadvertent attack against normal “self” cells. In an organ such as the liver, where the distinction between immunotolerance and immune defense against routinely processed pathogens is critical, the plethora of NK cells has a unique role in the maintenance of homeostasis. Once self-tolerance is broken, autoimmune liver disease resulted. NK cells act as a “two-edged weapon” and even play opposite roles with both regulatory and inducer activities in the hepatic environment. That is, NK cells act not only to produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but also to alter the proliferation and activation of associated lymphocytes. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms at work in autoimmune liver diseases remain to be identified. In this review, we focus on recent research with NK cells and their potential role in the development of autoimmune liver disease.
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43
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Demetris AJ, Bellamy COC, Gandhi CR, Prost S, Nakanuma Y, Stolz DB. Functional Immune Anatomy of the Liver-As an Allograft. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1653-80. [PMID: 26848550 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an immunoregulatory organ in which a tolerogenic microenvironment mitigates the relative "strength" of local immune responses. Paradoxically, necro-inflammatory diseases create the need for most liver transplants. Treatment of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and acute T cell-mediated rejection have redirected focus on long-term allograft structural integrity. Understanding of insults should enable decades of morbidity-free survival after liver replacement because of these tolerogenic properties. Studies of long-term survivors show low-grade chronic inflammatory, fibrotic, and microvascular lesions, likely related to some combination of environment insults (i.e. abnormal physiology), donor-specific antibodies, and T cell-mediated immunity. The resultant conundrum is familiar in transplantation: adequate immunosuppression produces chronic toxicities, while lightened immunosuppression leads to sensitization, immunological injury, and structural deterioration. The "balance" is more favorable for liver than other solid organ allografts. This occurs because of unique hepatic immune physiology and provides unintended benefits for allografts by modulating various afferent and efferent limbs of allogenic immune responses. This review is intended to provide a better understanding of liver immune microanatomy and physiology and thereby (a) the potential structural consequences of low-level, including allo-antibody-mediated injury; and (b) how liver allografts modulate immune reactions. Special attention is given to the microvasculature and hepatic mononuclear phagocytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Demetris
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C O C Bellamy
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - C R Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - S Prost
- Department of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Y Nakanuma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - D B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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44
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Shimoda S, Tanaka A. It is time to change primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC): New nomenclature from "cirrhosis" to "cholangitis", and upcoming treatment based on unveiling pathology. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:407-15. [PMID: 26518139 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic, organ-specific, autoimmune liver disease characterized by progressive cholestasis, eventually leading to cirrhosis. Several lines of evidence have revealed a crucial role of adaptive as well as innate immune responses in the etiopathogenesis of PBC, and more recently, the biology of bile duct cells and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) demonstrated several key molecules and pathways in this enigmatic disease. Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been the only approved drug for PBC with clinical evidences for improvement of long-term outcomes, a substantial population have suboptimal responses to UDCA, resulting in unfavorable outcomes. In this regard, second-line treatment for patients refractory to UDCA is strongly awaited. In Japan, bezafibrate (BF) has been frequently used for this purpose, yet recent clinical trials failed to clearly demonstrate clinical efficacy of BF. Novel pharmacotherapies targeted to key molecules and pathways in PBC are upcoming. Finally, we sincerely call on all members of the Japan Society of Hepatology to use from this moment on the name "primary biliary cholangitis" for the disease known by its abbreviation PBC, in keeping with a very recent global agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shimoda S, Hisamoto S, Harada K, Iwasaka S, Chong Y, Nakamura M, Bekki Y, Yoshizumi T, Shirabe K, Ikegami T, Maehara Y, He XS, Gershwin ME, Akashi K. Natural killer cells regulate T cell immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 2015; 62:1817-27. [PMID: 26264889 PMCID: PMC4681684 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the presence of autoreactive T- and B-cell responses that target biliary epithelial cells (BECs). Biliary cell cytotoxicity is dependent upon initiation of innate immune responses followed by chronic adaptive, as well as bystander, mechanisms. Critical to these mechanisms are interactions between natural killer (NK) cells and BECs. We have taken advantage of the ability to isolate relatively pure viable preparations of liver-derived NK cells, BECs, and endothelial cells, and studied interactions between NK cells and BECs and focused on the mechanisms that activate autoreactive T cells, their dependence on interferon (IFN)-γ, and expression of BEC major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Here we show that at a high NK/BEC ratio, NK cells are cytotoxic for autologous BECs, but are not dependent on autoantigen, yet still activate autoreactive CD4(+) T cells in the presence of antigen presenting cells. In contrast, at a low NK/BEC ratio, BECs are not lysed, but IFN-γ production is induced, which facilitates expression of MHC class I and II molecules on BEC and protects them from lysis upon subsequent exposure to autoreactive NK cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ secreted from NK cells after exposure to autologous BECs is essential for this protective function and enables autoreactive CD4(+) T cells to become cytopathic. CONCLUSIONS NK cell-mediated innate immune responses are likely critical at the initial stage of PBC, but also facilitate and maintain the chronic cytopathic effect of autoantigen-specific T cells, essential for progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Shimoda
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Hisamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sho Iwasaka
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yong Chong
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakamura
- Clinical Research Center in National Hospital Organization (NHO) Nagasaki Medical Center and Department of Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Omura, Japan
| | - Yuki Bekki
- Department of Surgery and Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Surgery and Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery and Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka, Japan
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Finnberg NK, Gokare P, Navaraj A, Lang Kuhs KA, Cerniglia G, Yagita H, Takeda K, Motoyama N, El-Deiry WS. Agonists of the TRAIL Death Receptor DR5 Sensitize Intestinal Stem Cells to Chemotherapy-Induced Cell Death and Trigger Gastrointestinal Toxicity. Cancer Res 2015; 76:700-12. [PMID: 26609054 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The combination of TRAIL death receptor agonists and radiochemotherapy to treat advanced cancers continues to be investigated in clinical trials. We previously showed that normal cells with a functional DNA damage response (DDR) upregulate the expression of death-inducing receptor DR5/TRAILR2/TNFRSF10B in a p53-dependent manner that sensitizes them to treatment with DR5 agonists. However, it is unclear if targeting DR5 selectively sensitizes cancer cells to agonist treatment following exposure to DNA-damaging chemotherapy, and to what extent normal tissues are targeted. Here, we show that the combined administration of the DR5 agonistic monoclonal antibody (mAb) and chemotherapy to wild-type mice triggered synergistic gastrointestinal toxicities (GIT) that were associated with the death of Lgr5(+) crypt base columnar stem cells in a p53- and DR5-dependent manner. Furthermore, we confirmed that normal human epithelial cells treated with the human DR5-agonistic mAb and chemotherapeutic agents were also greatly sensitized to cell death. Interestingly, our data also indicated that genetic or pharmacologic targeting of Chk2 may counteract GIT without negatively affecting the antitumor responses of combined DR5 agonist/chemotherapy treatment, further linking the DDR to TRAIL death receptor signaling in normal cells. In conclusion, the combination of DR5-targeting agonistic mAbs with DNA damaging chemotherapy may pose a risk of developing toxicity-induced conditions, and the effects of mAb-based strategies on the dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy must be considered when establishing new combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas K Finnberg
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Departmental of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Departmental of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Arunasalam Navaraj
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Krystle A Lang Kuhs
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Infections/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George Cerniglia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Motoyama
- Department of Cognitive Brain Sciences, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Departmental of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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47
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Ilyas SI, Eaton JE, Gores GJ. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis as a Premalignant Biliary Tract Disease: Surveillance and Management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:2152-65. [PMID: 26051390 PMCID: PMC4618039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a premalignant biliary tract disease that confers a significant risk for the development of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The chronic biliary tract inflammation of PSC promotes pro-oncogenic processes such as cellular proliferation, induction of DNA damage, alterations of the extracellular matrix, and cholestasis. The diagnosis of malignancy in PSC can be challenging because inflammation-related changes in PSC may produce dominant biliary tract strictures mimicking CCA. Biomarkers such as detection of methylated genes in biliary specimens represent noninvasive techniques that may discriminate malignant biliary ductal changes from PSC strictures. However, conventional cytology and advanced cytologic techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization for polysomy remain the practice standard for diagnosing CCA in PSC. Curative treatment options of malignancy arising in PSC are limited. For a subset of patients selected by using stringent criteria, liver transplantation after neoadjuvant chemoradiation is a potential curative therapy. However, most patients have advanced malignancy at the time of diagnosis. Advances directed at identifying high-risk patients, early cancer detection, and development of chemopreventive strategies will be essential to better manage the cancer risk in this premalignant disease. A better understanding of dysplasia definition and especially its natural history is also needed in this disease. Herein, we review recent developments in our understanding of the risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms of PSC associated with CCA, as well as advances in early detection and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John E Eaton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Wajant H. Principles of antibody-mediated TNF receptor activation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1727-41. [PMID: 26292758 PMCID: PMC4648319 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From the beginning of research on receptors of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), agonistic antibodies have been used to stimulate TNFRSF receptors in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, CD95, one of the first cloned TNFRSF receptors, was solely identified as the target of cell death-inducing antibodies. Early on, it became evident from in vitro studies that valency and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding of antibodies targeting TNFRSF receptors can be of crucial relevance for agonistic activity. TNFRSF receptor-specific antibodies of the IgM subclass and secondary cross-linked or aggregation prone dimeric antibodies typically display superior agonistic activity compared with dimeric antibodies. Likewise, anchoring of antibodies to cell surface-expressed FcγRs potentiate their ability to trigger TNFRSF receptor signaling. However, only recently has the relevance of oligomerization and FcγR binding for the in vivo activity of antibody-induced TNFRSF receptor activation been straightforwardly demonstrated in vivo. This review discusses the crucial role of oligomerization and/or FcγR binding for antibody-mediated TNFRSF receptor stimulation in light of current models of TNFRSF receptor activation and especially the overwhelming relevance of these issues for the rational development of therapeutic TNFRSF receptor-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Chen B, Ning JL, Gu JT, Cui J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zeng J, Yi B, Lu KZ. Caspase-3 inhibition prevents the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome in common bile duct ligation rats by alleviating pulmonary injury. Liver Int 2015; 35:1373-82. [PMID: 25113058 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) rats is an accepted experimental model of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), defined as liver disease and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and hypoxaemia. Pulmonary Akt and ERK activation followed by angiogenesis in the later stages of CBDL, contribute to the pathogenesis of HPS. However, the mechanisms behind Akt and ERK activation remain undefined. Pulmonary injury induced by increased bilirubin, endotoxin and inflammatory mediators occurs in the early stages of CBDL. We assessed the effects of relieving pulmonary injury on Akt and ERK activation and on the development of HPS following CBDL. METHODS Pulmonary injury, angiogenesis, arterial oxygenation, cell proliferation and, phospho-Akt and ERK1 were evaluated in CBDL animals with or without caspase-3 inhibition (Z-DEVD-FMK). Pulmonary injury was assessed by histology and quantifying apoptosis and aquaporin-1 (AQP1) levels. Lung angiogenesis was assessed by quantifying AQP1 level, vWF-positive cells and microvessel count. RESULTS Pulmonary apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were markedly increased in the early stages of CBDL. Caspase-3 inhibition alleviated apoptosis, the reduction in AQP1, phospho-Akt and ERK1 levels and pulmonary injury 1 week after CBDL. Caspase-3 inhibition also reduced AQP1, phospho-Akt and ERK1 levels, vWF-positive cells, cell proliferation, microvessel count, and microvascular dilatation and improved arterial oxygenation 3 weeks following CBDL. CONCLUSIONS Caspase-3 inhibition alleviates pulmonary injury, thereby preventing angiogenesis as well as the development of HPS in CBDL rats. These effects are related to the regulation of the Akt and ERK1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Arshad MI, Piquet-Pellorce C, Filliol A, L'Helgoualc'h A, Lucas-Clerc C, Jouan-Lanhouet S, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Samson M. The chemical inhibitors of cellular death, PJ34 and Necrostatin-1, down-regulate IL-33 expression in liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:867-78. [PMID: 25747661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family, is crucially involved in inflammatory pathologies including liver injury and linked to various modes of cell death. However, a link between IL-33 and necroptosis or programmed necrosis in liver pathology remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the regulation of IL-33 during necroptosis-associated liver injury. The possible regulation of IL-33 during liver injury by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) was investigated in mice in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells in vitro. The liver immunohistopathology, flow cytometry, serum transaminase measurement, ELISA, and qPCR-based cytokine measurement were carried out. By using a chemical approach, we showed that pretreatment of mice with Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) (inhibitor of RIPK1) and/or PJ34 (inhibitor of PARP-1) significantly protected mice against concanavalin A (ConA) liver injury (aspartate amino-transferase (AST)/alanine amino-transferase (ALT)) associated with down-regulated hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression. In contrast, the expression level of most systemic cytokines (except for IL-6) or activation of liver immune cells was not altered by chemical inhibitors rather an increased infiltration of neutrophils in the liver. During polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C))-induced acute hepatitis, liver injury and hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression was also inhibited by PJ34 without any protective effect of PJ34 in CCl4-induced liver injury. Moreover, PJ34 down-regulated the protein expression of IL-33 in activated hepatic stellate cells by cocktail of cytokines or staurosporine in vitro. In conclusion, we evidenced that the Nec-1/PJ34 is a potent inhibitor of liver injury and Nec-1/PJ34 down-regulated hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression in the liver in vivo or in hepatic stellate cells in vitro, suggesting IL-33 as a possible readout of necroptosis-involved liver pathologies. KEY MESSAGE Necroptosis inhibitors can protect mice against liver injury induced by ConA or Poly(I:C). IL-33 expression in liver injury in vivo is inhibited by PJ34. IL-33 expression in hepatic stellate cells in vitro is inhibited by PJ34. Hepatocyte-specific IL-33 expression is down-regulated by Nec-1/PJ34 during hepatitis. IL-33 is a new marker of necroptosis-associated liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Arshad
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), U.1085, Institut de Recherche Santé Environnement and Travail (IRSET), 35043, Rennes, France
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