1
|
Nikolic I, Ruiz-Garrido I, Crespo M, Romero-Becerra R, Leiva-Vega L, Mora A, León M, Rodríguez E, Leiva M, Plata-Gómez AB, Alvarez Flores MB, Torres JL, Hernández-Cosido L, López JA, Vázquez J, Efeyan A, Martin P, Marcos M, Sabio G. Lack of p38 activation in T cells increases IL-35 and protects against obesity by promoting thermogenesis. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2635-2661. [PMID: 38730210 PMCID: PMC11169359 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation, energy imbalance and impaired thermogenesis. The role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in inflammation-mediated maladaptive thermogenesis is not well established. Here, we find that the p38 pathway is a key regulator of T cell-mediated adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and browning. Mice with T cells specifically lacking the p38 activators MKK3/6 are protected against diet-induced obesity, leading to an improved metabolic profile, increased browning, and enhanced thermogenesis. We identify IL-35 as a driver of adipocyte thermogenic program through the ATF2/UCP1/FGF21 pathway. IL-35 limits CD8+ T cell infiltration and inflammation in AT. Interestingly, we find that IL-35 levels are reduced in visceral fat from obese patients. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that p38 controls the expression of IL-35 in human and mouse Treg cells through mTOR pathway activation. Our findings highlight p38 signaling as a molecular orchestrator of AT T cell accumulation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María Crespo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | | | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta León
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Plata-Gómez
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | | | - Jorge L Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
- Complejo Asistencial de Zamora, Zamora, 49022, Spain
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Cosido
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Salamanca, Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alejo Efeyan
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Programme of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Ansarullah, Kumar P, Mahoney JM, He H, Baker C, George J, Li S. Causal network perturbation analysis identifies known and novel type-2 diabetes driver genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595431. [PMID: 38826370 PMCID: PMC11142180 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of diabetes is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition and environmental factors that are not yet fully understood. However, pancreatic β-cell failure remains among the primary reasons underlying the progression of type-2 diabetes (T2D) making targeting β-cell dysfunction an attractive pathway for diabetes treatment. To identify genetic contributors to β-cell dysfunction, we investigated single-cell gene expression changes in β-cells from healthy (C57BL/6J) and diabetic (NZO/HlLtJ) mice fed with normal or high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHS). Our study presents an innovative integration of the causal network perturbation assessment (ssNPA) framework with meta-cell transcriptome analysis to explore the genetic underpinnings of type-2 diabetes (T2D). By generating a reference causal network and in silico perturbation, we identified novel genes implicated in T2D and validated our candidates using the Knockout Mouse Phenotyping (KOMP) Project database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ansarullah
- Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Parveen Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Hao He
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Candice Baker
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joshy George
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soedono S, Sharlene S, Vo DHN, Averia M, Rosalie EE, Lee YK, Cho KW. Obese visceral adipose dendritic cells downregulate regulatory T cell development through IL-33. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1335651. [PMID: 38566998 PMCID: PMC10985834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) residing in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play a pivotal role in regulating tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. However, the specific phenotypic and functional characteristics of Tregs in obese VAT, as well as the regulatory mechanisms shaping them, remain elusive. This study demonstrates that obesity selectively reduces Tregs in VAT, characterized by restrained proliferation, heightened PD-1 expression, and diminished ST2 expression. Additionally, obese VAT displays distinctive maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), marked by elevated expressions of MHC-II, CD86, and PD-L1, which are inversely correlated with VAT Tregs. In an in vitro co-culture experiment, only obese VAT DCs, not macrophages or DCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and spleen, result in decreased Treg differentiation and proliferation. Furthermore, Tregs differentiated by obese VAT DCs exhibit distinct characteristics resembling those of Tregs in obese VAT, such as reduced ST2 and IL-10 expression. Mechanistically, obesity lowers IL-33 production in VAT DCs, contributing to the diminished Treg differentiation. These findings collectively underscore the critical role of VAT DCs in modulating Treg generation and shaping Treg phenotype and function during obesity, potentially contributing to the regulation of VAT Treg populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shindy Soedono
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharlene Sharlene
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Hoang Nguyet Vo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Averia
- Magister of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eufrasia Elaine Rosalie
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Food Technology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Won Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabat Y, Ilan Y. Correlations between components of the immune system. F1000Res 2024; 10:1174. [PMID: 38628268 PMCID: PMC11019305 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.54487.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background No evidence of the possibility of altering a constituent of the immune system without directly affecting one of its associated components has yet been shown. Methods A schematic model was developed in which two triggers, fasting and splenectomy, were studied for their ability to affect the expression of cell membrane epitopes and the cytokine secretion of out-of-body autogeneic and syngeneic lymphocytes. Results The effect of fasting and/or splenectomy on promoting correlations between immune systems was studied by determining the alterations in expressions of cell membrane epitopes and in cytokine secretion by out-of-body autogeneic and syngeneic lymphocytes. The effect of fasting as a trigger decreased expression of CD8 and CD25 and increased TNFα levels. The effect of splenectomy as a trigger was investigated in non-fasting mice by comparing splenectomized and non-splenectomized mice. An increase in the CD8 expression and in TNFα, IFNg, and IL10 secretion was noted. The effect of splenectomy as a trigger in fasting mice was determined by comparing splenectomized and non-splenectomized mice. Splenectomy significantly affected the expression of CD25 and CD4 CD25 and on secretion of TNFα, IFNg, and IL10. To determine the effect of keeping the cells in an out-of-body location on the expression of lymphocyte epitopes, tubes kept on top of the cages of the fasting mice were compared with tubes kept on top of empty cages. The results showed a significant change in the CD8 expression was noted. To determine the effect of keeping cells in an out-of-body location on cytokine secretion, tubes kept on cages were tested for cytokine levels significant decrease was noted in the secretion of TNFα and IFNg. Conclusions The study showed that a mouse could affect cells at a distance and alter the expression of surface markers and cytokine secretion following two types of triggers: fasting and/or splenectomy. The data characterized a system for the induction of correlations between two's immune system components without a transfer of mediators. It suggests that an out-of-body correlation can be induced between two components of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehudit Shabat
- Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Hu G, Jia Y, Qin L, Xu L, Chang Y, Li B, Li H. Wnt10b knockdown regulates the relative balance of adipose tissue-resident T cells and inhibits white fat deposition. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:272. [PMID: 38302806 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wnt10b is one of critical Wnt family members that being involved in networks controlling stemness, pluripotency and cell fate decisions. However, its role in adipose-resident T lymphocytes and further in fat metabolism yet remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we demonstrated a distinctive effect for Wnt10b on the relative balance of T lymphocytes in adipose tissue by using a Wnt10b knockdown mouse model. Wnt10b knockdown led to a reduction of adipose-resident CD4+ T cells and an elevation of Foxp3+/CD4+ Treg cells. Wnt10b-knockdown mice fed with standard diet showed less white fat deposition owing to the suppressed adipogenic process. Moreover, under high fat diet conditions, Wnt10b knockdown resulted in an alleviated obesity symptoms, as well as an improvement of glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we reveal an unexpected and novel function for Wnt10b in mediating the frequency of adipose-resident T cell subsets, that when knockdown skewing toward a Treg-dominated phenotype and further improving fat metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Geng Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lining Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Longfei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yaxin Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamamah S, Iatcu OC, Covasa M. Nutrition at the Intersection between Gut Microbiota Eubiosis and Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38257161 PMCID: PMC10820857 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors in both taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota as well as in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence has shown that the effects of nutrition on both these parameters is not mutually exclusive and that changes in gut microbiota and related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may influence systemic inflammation and signaling pathways that contribute to pathophysiological processes associated with T2DM. With this background, our review highlights the effects of macronutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, on T2DM, specifically through their alterations in gut microbiota and the metabolites they produce. Additionally, we describe the influences of common food groups, which incorporate varying combinations of these macronutrients and micronutrients, on both microbiota and metabolic parameters in the context of diabetes mellitus. Overall, nutrition is one of the first line modifiable therapies in the management of T2DM and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence its pathophysiology provides opportunities for optimizing dietary interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Oana C. Iatcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao F, Litchfield B, Wu H. Adipose tissue lymphocytes and obesity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:5. [PMID: 38455510 PMCID: PMC10919906 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), mainly evidenced by infiltration and phenotypic changes of various types of immune cells. Macrophages are the major innate immune cells and represent the predominant immune cell population within AT. Lymphocytes, including T cells and B cells, are adaptive immune cells and constitute another important immune cell population in AT. In obesity, CD8+ effector memory T cells, CD4+ Th1 cells, and B2 cells are increased in AT and promote AT inflammation, while regulatory T cells and Th2 cells, which usually function as immune regulatory or type 2 inflammatory cells, are reduced in AT. Immune cells may regulate the metabolism of adipocytes and other cells through various mechanisms, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Efforts targeting immune cells and inflammation to prevent and treat obesity-linked metabolic disease have been explored, but have not yielded significant success in clinical studies. This review provides a concise overview of the changes in lymphocyte populations within AT and their potential role in AT inflammation and the regulation of metabolic functions in the context of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuang T, Zhang L, Qiu Z, Zhang Y, Wang W. Prognostic value of body composition on survival outcomes in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261202. [PMID: 38077332 PMCID: PMC10704136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of body composition on the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with melanoma is still uncertain in clinical practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the potential association between body composition and clinical outcomes in patients with melanoma undergoing ICIs treatment. Methods A systematic literature search was performed across several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, to gather relevant studies. The primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), assessed by hazard ratios (HR). Secondary outcomes, such as adverse events (AE), were evaluated using odds ratios (OR). Results This meta-analysis comprised ten articles involving a total of 1,283 patients. Systemic analysis of all collected evidence revealed that body composition, including low skeletal muscle index (SMI) (OS: HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.13-2.43, p = 0.010; PFS: HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06-1.55, p = 0.009), high subcutaneous adipose tissue density (SMD) (OS: HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.09-3.44, p = 0.025; PFS: HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63, p = 0.012), and sarcopenia (OS: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51, p = 0.022; PFS: HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51, p = 0.022), were significantly associated with OS and PFS in melanoma patients treated with ICIs. However, these markers did not show a significant association with treatment-related adverse events. Interestingly, no significant correlation was found between visceral fat index (VFI) (OS: HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.29-1.76, p = 0.462; PFS: HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93-1.02, p = 0.274) and OS or PFS in melanoma patients under ICIs treatment. Conclusion Body composition was found to be associated with decreased treatment response and lower long-term efficacy in patients with melanoma undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. However, it is important to note that body composition did not appear to contribute to increased incidence of adverse events in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei KeyLaboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu J, Xu W, Dong Q, Ji Q, Cheng M, Hu D, Cai Y, Zeng Q, Yu K. Latency-associated peptide (LAP) +CD4 + regulatory T cells prevent atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage polarization. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109767. [PMID: 37689092 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A persistent autoimmune and inflammatory response plays a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Foxp3+ Tregs) attenuate atherosclerosis. Latency-associated peptide (LAP)+CD4+ T cells are a new class of Tregs whose role in atherosclerosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of CD4+LAP+ Tregs in inhibiting inflammation and preventing atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Depletion of CD4+LAP+ Tregs results in aggravated inflammation and atherosclerotic lesions. Mechanistically, CD4+LAP+ Treg depletion was associated with decreased M2-like macrophages and increased Th1 and Th17 cells, characterized by increased unstable plaque promotion and decreased expression of inflammation-resolving factors in both arteries and immune organs. In contrast, adoptive transfer of CD4+LAP+ Tregs to ApoE-/- mice or CD4-/-ApoE-/- mice led to decreased atherosclerotic lesions. Compared with control animals, adoptive transfer of CD4+LAP+ Tregs induced M2-like macrophage differentiation within the atherosclerotic lesion and spleen, associated with increased collagen and α-SMA in plaques and decreased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Mechanistic studies reveal that isolated CD4+LAP+ Tregs exhibit a tolerance phenotype, with increased expression of inhibitory cytokines and coinhibitory molecules. After coculture with CD4+LAP+ Tregs, monocytes/macrophages display typical features of M2 macrophages, including upregulated expression of CD206 and Arg-1 and decreased production of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, which was almost abrogated by transwell and partially TGF-β1 neutralization. RNA-seq analysis showed different gene expression profiles between CD4+LAP+ Tregs and LAP-CD4+ T cells and between CD4+LAP+ Tregs of ApoE-/- mice and CD4+LAP+ Tregs of C57BL/6 mice, of which Fancd2 and IL4i1 may contribute to the powerful inhibitory properties of CD4+LAP+ Tregs. Furthermore, the number and the suppressive properties of CD4+LAP+ Tregs were impaired by oxLDL. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the remaining CD4+LAP+ Tregs play a protective role in atherosclerosis by modulating monocyte/macrophage differentiation and regulatory factors, which may partly explain the protective effect of T cells tolerance in atherosclerosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CD4+LAP+ Tregs constitutes a novel approach to treat atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lund JM, Hladik F, Prlic M. Advances and challenges in studying the tissue-resident T cell compartment in the human female reproductive tract. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:52-62. [PMID: 37140024 PMCID: PMC10524394 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) are considered to be central to maintaining mucosal barrier immunity and tissue homeostasis. Most of this knowledge stems from murine studies, which provide access to all organs. These studies also allow for a thorough assessment of the TRM compartment for each tissue and across tissues with well-defined experimental and environmental variables. Assessing the functional characteristics of the human TRM compartment is substantially more difficult; thus, notably, there is a paucity of studies profiling the TRM compartment in the human female reproductive tract (FRT). The FRT is a mucosal barrier tissue that is naturally exposed to a wide range of commensal and pathogenic microbes, including several sexually transmitted infections of global health significance. We provide an overview of studies describing T cells within the lower FRT tissues and highlight the challenges of studying TRM cells in the FRT: different sampling methods of the FRT greatly affect immune cell recovery, especially of TRM cells. Furthermore, menstrual cycle, menopause, and pregnancy affect FRT immunity, but little is known about changes in the TRM compartment. Finally, we discuss the potential functional plasticity of the TRM compartment during inflammatory episodes in the human FRT to maintain protection and tissue homeostasis, which are required to ensure reproductive fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Florian Hladik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bell S, Young JA, List EO, Basu R, Geitgey DK, Lach G, Lee K, Swegan D, Caggiano LJ, Okada S, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Increased Fibrosis in White Adipose Tissue of Male and Female bGH Transgenic Mice Appears Independent of TGF-β Action. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7069260. [PMID: 36869769 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological state caused by excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in a tissue. Male bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice experience metabolic dysfunction with a marked decrease in lifespan and with increased fibrosis in several tissues including white adipose tissue (WAT), which is more pronounced in the subcutaneous (Sc) depot. The current study expanded on these initial findings to evaluate WAT fibrosis in female bGH mice and the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the development of WAT fibrosis. Our findings established that female bGH mice, like males, experience a depot-dependent increase in WAT fibrosis, and bGH mice of both sexes have elevated circulating levels of several markers of collagen turnover. Using various methods, TGF-β signaling was found unchanged or decreased-as opposed to an expected increase-despite the marked fibrosis in WAT of bGH mice. However, acute GH treatments in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo did elicit a modest increase in TGF-β signaling in some experimental systems. Finally, single nucleus RNA sequencing confirmed no perturbation in TGF-β or its receptor gene expression in any WAT cell subpopulations of Sc bGH WAT; however, a striking increase in B lymphocyte infiltration in bGH WAT was observed. Overall, these data suggest that bGH WAT fibrosis is independent of the action of TGF-β and reveals an intriguing shift in immune cells in bGH WAT that should be further explored considering the increasing importance of B cell-mediated WAT fibrosis and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Grace Lach
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kevin Lee
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Deborah Swegan
- College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Okada
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bertolini TB, Herzog RW, Kumar SRP, Sherman A, Rana J, Kaczmarek R, Yamada K, Arisa S, Lillicrap D, Terhorst C, Daniell H, Biswas M. Suppression of anti-drug antibody formation against coagulation factor VIII by oral delivery of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in hemophilia A mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 385:104675. [PMID: 36746071 PMCID: PMC9993859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Active tolerance to ingested dietary antigens forms the basis for oral immunotherapy to food allergens or autoimmune self-antigens. Alternatively, oral administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody can be effective in modulating systemic immune responses without T cell depletion. Here we assessed the efficacy of full length and the F(ab')2 fragment of oral anti-CD3 to prevent anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation to clotting factor VIII (FVIII) protein replacement therapy in hemophilia A mice. A short course of low dose oral anti-CD3 F(ab')2 reduced the production of neutralizing ADAs, and suppression was significantly enhanced when oral anti-CD3 was timed concurrently with FVIII administration. Tolerance was accompanied by the early induction of FoxP3+LAP-, FoxP3+LAP+, and FoxP3-LAP+ populations of CD4+ T cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. FoxP3+LAP+ Tregs expressing CD69, CTLA-4, and PD1 persisted in spleens of treated mice, but did not produce IL-10. Finally, we attempted to combine the anti-CD3 approach with oral intake of FVIII antigen (using our previously established method of using lettuce plant cells transgenic for FVIII antigen fused to cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit, which suppresses ADAs in part through induction of IL-10 producing FoxP3-LAP+ Treg). However, combining these two approaches failed to improve suppression of ADAs. We conclude that oral anti-CD3 treatment is a promising approach to prevention of ADA formation in systemic protein replacement therapy, albeit via mechanisms distinct from and not synergistic with oral intake of bioencapsulated antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Sandeep R P Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Sherman
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Lillicrap
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Makrakis D, Rounis K, Tsigkas AP, Georgiou A, Galanakis N, Tsakonas G, Ekman S, Papadaki C, Monastirioti A, Kontogianni M, Gioulbasanis I, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. Effect of body tissue composition on the outcome of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277708. [PMID: 36763597 PMCID: PMC9916610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and sarcopenia have been reported to affect outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We analyzed prospective data from 52 patients with non-oncogene driven metastatic NSCLC treated with ICIs. Body tissue composition was calculated by measuring the fat and muscle densities at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra in each patient computed tomography scan before ICI initiation using sliceOmatic tomovision. We converted the densities to indices [Intramuscular Fat Index (IMFI), Visceral Fat Index (VFI), Subcutaneous Fat Index (SFI), Lumbar Skeletal Muscle Index (LSMI)] by dividing them by height in meters squared. Patients were dichotomized based on their baseline IMFI, VFI and SFI according to their gender-specific median value. The cut-offs that were set for LMSI values were 55 cm2/m2 for males and 39 cm2/m2 for females. SFI distribution was significantly higher (p = 0.040) in responders compared to non-responders. None of the other variables affected response rates. Low LSMI HR: 2.90 (95% CI: 1.261-6.667, p = 0.012) and low SFI: 2.20 (95% CI: 1.114-4.333, p = 0.023) values predicted for inferior OS. VFI and IMFI values did not affect survival. Subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissue composition significantly affected immunotherapy outcomes in our cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Makrakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Konstantinos Rounis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandros-Pantelis Tsigkas
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Galanakis
- Department of Medical Imaging, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Tsakonas
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexia Monastirioti
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Meropi Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gioulbasanis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Animus Kyanus Stavros General Clinic, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in liver fibrosis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:53. [PMID: 36759593 PMCID: PMC9911787 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the human liver to both synthesize extracellular matrix(ECM), as well as regulate fibrogenesis, are integral functions to maintaining homoeostasis. Chronic liver injury stimulates fibrogenesis in response to the imbalance between ECM accumulation and fibrosis resolution. Liver disease that induces fibrogenesis is associated with multiple risk factors like hepatitis infection, schistosomiasis, alcohol, certain drugs, toxicants and emerging aetiology like diabetes and obesity. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), whose function is to generate and accumulate ECM, is a pivotal event in liver fibrosis. Simultaneously, HSCs selectively promote regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in an interleukin-2-dependent pattern that displays a dual relationship. On the one hand, Tregs can protect HSCs from NK cell attack, while on the other hand, they demonstrate an inhibitory effect on HSCs. This paper reviews the dual role of Tregs in liver fibrogenesis which includes its promotion of immunosuppression, as well as its activation of fibrosis. In particular, the balance between Tregs and the Th17 cell population, which produce interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, is explored to demonstrate their key role in maintaining homoeostasis and immunoregulation. The contradictory roles of Tregs in liver fibrosis in different immune microenvironments and molecular pathways need to be better understood if they are to be deployed to manage this disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:375-392. [PMID: 35829870 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability characterizes the complexity of biological systems and is essential for their function. Microtubules (MTs) play a role in structural integrity, cell motility, material transport, and force generation during mitosis, and dynamic instability exemplifies the variability in the proper function of MTs. MTs are a platform for energy transfer in cells. The dynamic instability of MTs manifests itself by the coexistence of growth and shortening, or polymerization and depolymerization. It results from a balance between attractive and repulsive forces between tubulin dimers. The paper reviews the current data on MTs and their potential roles as energy-transfer cellular structures and presents how variability can improve the function of biological systems in an individualized manner. The paper presents the option for targeting MTs to trigger dynamic improvement in cell plasticity, regulate energy transfer, and possibly control quantum effects in biological systems. The described system quantifies MT-dependent variability patterns combined with additional personalized signatures to improve organ function in a subject-tailored manner. The platform can regulate the use of MT-targeting drugs to improve the response to chronic therapies. Ongoing trials test the effects of this platform on various disorders.
Collapse
|
16
|
Burkhardt LM, Bucher CH, Löffler J, Rinne C, Duda GN, Geissler S, Schulz TJ, Schmidt-Bleek K. The benefits of adipocyte metabolism in bone health and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104709. [PMID: 36895792 PMCID: PMC9988968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from musculoskeletal diseases must cope with a diminished quality of life and an increased burden on medical expenses. The interaction of immune cells and mesenchymal stromal cells during bone regeneration is one of the key requirements for the restoration of skeletal integrity. While stromal cells of the osteo-chondral lineage support bone regeneration, an excessive accumulation of cells of the adipogenic lineage is thought to promote low-grade inflammation and impair bone regeneration. Increasing evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory signaling from adipocytes is responsible for various chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This review aims to summarize the features of bone marrow adipocytes by phenotype, function, secretory features, metabolic properties and their impact on bone formation. In detail, the master regulator of adipogenesis and prominent diabetes drug target, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), will be debated as a potential therapeutic approach to enhance bone regeneration. We will explore the possibilities of using clinically established PPARG agonists, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), as a treatment strategy to guide the induction of a pro-regenerative, metabolically active bone marrow adipose tissue. The impact of this PPARG induced bone marrow adipose tissue type on providing the necessary metabolites to sustain osteogenic-as well as beneficial immune cells during bone fracture healing will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Burkhardt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Löffler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rinne
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu Y, Bai H, Wu F, Chen J, Li B, Li Y. Tissue adaptation of regulatory T cells in adipose tissue. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1898-1908. [PMID: 36369886 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells critically suppress over-activated immune responses and therefore maintain immune homeostasis. Adipose tissue-resident Treg (AT Treg) cells are known for modulating immunity and metabolism in adipose tissue microenvironment through various physiological signals, as well as their heterogeneous subsets, which potentially play disparate roles in aging and obesity. Recent single-cell studies of Treg cells have revealed specialized trajectories of their tissue adaptation and development in lymphoid tissues and at barrier sites. Here, we reviewed a T Cell Receptor (TCR)-primed environmental cue-boosted model of adipose Treg cells' tissue adaptation, especially in response to IL-33, IFN-α, insulin, and androgen signals, which trigger sophisticated transcriptional cascades and ultimately establish unique transcriptional modules in adipose Treg cell subsets. In addition, we further discuss potential therapeutic strategies against aging and obesity by blocking detrimental environmental cues, strengthening the functions of specific AT Treg subsets and modifying the communications between AT Treg subsets and adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Yu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Bai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Unit of Immune and Metabolic Regulation, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mansouri S, Gogoi H, Patel S, Katikaneni DS, Singh A, Aybar-Torres A, de Lartigue G, Jin L. MPYS Modulates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Immune Tolerance at Homeostasis Independent of Type I IFNs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2114-2132. [PMID: 36261171 PMCID: PMC9679991 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
MPYS/STING (stimulator of IFN genes) senses cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), generates type I IFNs, and plays a critical role in infection, inflammation, and cancer. In this study, analyzing genotype and haplotype data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we found that the R71H-G230A-R293Q (HAQ) MPYS allele frequency increased 57-fold in East Asians compared with sub-Saharan Africans. Meanwhile, the G230A-R293Q (AQ) allele frequency decreased by 98% in East Asians compared with sub-Saharan Africans. We propose that the HAQ and AQ alleles underwent a natural selection during the out-of-Africa migration. We used mouse models of HAQ and AQ to investigate the underlying mechanism. We found that the mice carrying the AQ allele, which disappeared in East Asians, had normal CDN-type I IFN responses. Adult AQ mice, however, had less fat mass than did HAQ or wild-type mice on a chow diet. AQ epididymal adipose tissue had increased regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages with protein expression associated with enhanced fatty acid oxidation. Conditional knockout mice and adoptive cell transfer indicate a macrophage and regulatory T cell-intrinsic role of MPYS in fatty acid metabolism. Mechanistically, AQ/IFNAR1-/- mice had a similar lean phenotype as for the AQ mice. MPYS intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence revealed that the R71H change increased MPYS hydrophilicity. Lastly, we found that the second transmembrane (TM) and the TM2-TM3 linker region of MPYS interact with activated fatty acid, fatty acyl-CoA. In summary, studying the evolution of the human MPYS gene revealed an MPYS function in modulating fatty acid metabolism that may be critical during the out-of-Africa migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mansouri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Seema Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Divya S. Katikaneni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alexandra Aybar-Torres
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; and
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lei Jin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chitnis T, Kaskow BJ, Case J, Hanus K, Li Z, Varghese JF, Healy BC, Gauthier C, Saraceno TJ, Saxena S, Lokhande H, Moreira TG, Zurawski J, Roditi RE, Bergmark RW, Giovannoni F, Torti MF, Li Z, Quintana F, Clementi WA, Shailubhai K, Weiner HL, Baecher-Allan CM. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody modulates effector CD8+ T cell function and induces a regulatory response in T cells in human subjects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956907. [PMID: 36505477 PMCID: PMC9727230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parenteral anti-CD3 Mab (OKT3) has been used to treat transplant rejection and parental administration of a humanized anti-CD3 Mab (Teplizumab) showed positive effects in diabetes. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 Mab has not been carried out in humans. Nasal anti-CD3 Mab suppresses autoimmune diseases and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in animal models. We investigated the safety and immune effects of a fully humanized, previously uncharacterized nasal anti-CD3 Mab (Foralumab) in humans and its in vitro stimulatory properties. Methods In vitro, Foralumab were compared to UCHT1 anti-human CD3 mAb. For human administration, 27 healthy volunteers (9 per group) received nasal Foralumab or placebo at a dose of 10ug, 50ug, or 250ug daily for 5 days. Safety was assessed and immune parameters measured on day 1 (pre-treatment), 7, 14, and 30 by FACS and by scRNAseq. Results In vitro, Foralumab preferentially induced CD8+ T cell stimulation, reduced CD4+ T cell proliferation and lowered expression of IFNg, IL-17 and TNFa. Foralumab induced LAP, TIGIT, and KLRG1 immune checkpoint molecules on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in a mechanism independent of CD8 T cells. In vivo, nasal Foralumab did not modulate CD3 from the T cell surface at any dose. Immune effects were primarily observed at the 50ug dose and consisted of reduction of CD8+ effector memory cells, an increase in naive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and reduced CD8+ T cell granzyme B and perforin expression. Differentially expressed genes observed by scRNAseq in CD8+ and CD4+ populations promoted survival and were anti-inflammatory. In the CD8+ TEMRA population there was induction of TIGIT, TGFB1 and KIR3DL2, indicative of a regulatory phenotype. In the memory CD4+ population, there was induction of CTLA4, KLRG1, and TGFB whereas there was an induction of TGF-B1 in naïve CD4+ T cells. In monocytes, there was induction of genes (HLA-DP, HLA-DQ) that promote a less inflammatory immune response. No side effects were observed, and no subjects developed human anti-mouse antibodies. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that nasal Foralumab is safe and immunologically active in humans and presents a new avenue for the treatment of autoimmune and CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Chitnis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Tanuja Chitnis, ; Clare M. Baecher-Allan,
| | - Belinda J. Kaskow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junning Case
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Hanus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johnna F. Varghese
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian C. Healy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian Gauthier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Taylor J. Saraceno
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shrishti Saxena
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hrishikesh Lokhande
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thais G. Moreira
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Zurawski
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel E. Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria F. Torti
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhaorong Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco Quintana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Howard L. Weiner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clare M. Baecher-Allan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Tanuja Chitnis, ; Clare M. Baecher-Allan,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu W, Li C, Zhang D, Li Z, Xia P, Liu X, Cai X, Yang P, Ling J, Zhang J, Zhang M, Yu P. Advances in T Cells Based on Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223554. [PMID: 36428983 PMCID: PMC9688178 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases year by year and their impact on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases have attracted great attention as a major health care problem, but there is still no effective treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the main mechanisms leading to metabolic diseases. T cells are involved in the inflammatory response, which can also regulate the development of metabolic diseases, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells are mainly responsible for the role. Th1 and Th17 differentiated from CD4+ T promote inflammation, while Th2 and Treg inhibit inflammation. CD8+ T cells also contribute to inflammation. The severity and duration of inflammatory reactions can also lead to different degrees of progression of metabolic diseases. Moreover, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, and AMPK signaling pathways play unique roles in the regulation of T cells, which provide a new direction for the treatment of metabolic diseases in the future. In this review, we will elaborate on the role of T cells in regulating inflammation in various metabolic diseases, the signaling pathways that regulate T cells in metabolic diseases, and the latest research progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Chunxiu Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (P.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Candia P, Procaccini C, Russo C, Lepore MT, Matarese G. Regulatory T cells as metabolic sensors. Immunity 2022; 55:1981-1992. [PMID: 36351373 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Compelling experimental evidence links immunity and metabolism. In this perspective, we propose forkhead-box-P3 (FoxP3)+CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells as key metabolic sensors controlling the immunological state in response to their intrinsic capacity to perceive nutritional changes. Treg cell high anabolic state in vivo, residency in metabolically crucial districts, and recirculation between lymphoid and non-lymphoid sites enable them to recognize the metabolic cues and adapt their intracellular metabolism and anti-inflammatory function at the paracrine and systemic levels. As privileged regulators at the interface between neuroendocrine and immune systems, the role of Treg cells in maintaining metabolic homeostasis makes these cells promising targets of therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring organismal homeostasis not only in autoimmune but also metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy; Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kovoor E, Chauhan SK, Hajrasouliha A. Role of inflammatory cells in pathophysiology and management of diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1563-1573. [PMID: 35914582 PMCID: PMC11082823 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Several inflammatory cells and proteins, including macrophages and microglia, cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factors, are found to play a significant role in the development and progression of DR. Inflammatory cells play a significant role in the earliest changes seen in DR including the breakdown of the blood retinal barrier leading to leakage of blood into the retina. They also have an important role in the pathogenesis of more advanced stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, leading to neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, and tractional retinal detachment. In this review, we examine the function of numerous inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and role as a potential therapeutic target in DR. Additionally, we explore the role of inflammation following treatment of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kovoor
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Hajrasouliha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou Y, Zhang H, Yao Y, Zhang X, Guan Y, Zheng F. CD4 + T cell activation and inflammation in NASH-related fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967410. [PMID: 36032141 PMCID: PMC9399803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common pathological feature of end stage liver failure, a severe life-threatening disease worldwide. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially its more severe form with steatohepatitis (NASH), results from obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome and becomes a leading cause of liver fibrosis. Genetic factor, lipid overload/toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation have all been implicated in the development and progression of NASH. Both innate immune response and adaptive immunity contribute to NASH-associated inflammation. Innate immunity may cause inflammation and subsequently fibrosis via danger-associated molecular patterns. Increasing evidence indicates that T cell-mediated adaptive immunity also provokes inflammation and fibrosis in NASH via cytotoxicity, cytokines and other proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators. Recently, the single-cell transcriptome profiling has revealed that the populations of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and TEMs are expanded in the liver with NASH. The activation of T cells requires antigen presentation from professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-cells. However, since hepatocytes express MHCII molecules and costimulators, they may also act as an atypical APC to promote T cell activation. Additionally, the phenotypic switch of hepatocytes to proinflammatory cells in NASH contributes to the development of inflammation. In this review, we focus on T cells and in particular CD4+ T cells and discuss the role of different subsets of CD4+ T cells including Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and Treg in NASH-related liver inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Wuhu Hospital & Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nedunchezhiyan U, Varughese I, Sun AR, Wu X, Crawford R, Prasadam I. Obesity, Inflammation, and Immune System in Osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907750. [PMID: 35860250 PMCID: PMC9289681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains the most important risk factor for the incidence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The leading cause of OA was believed to be overloading the joints due to excess weight which in turn leads to the destruction of articular cartilage. However, recent studies have proved otherwise, various other factors like adipose deposition, insulin resistance, and especially the improper coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses may lead to the initiation and progression of obesity-associated OA. It is becoming increasingly evident that multiple inflammatory cells are recruited into the synovial joint that serves an important role in pathological changes in the synovial joint. Polarization of macrophages and macrophage-produced mediators are extensively studied and linked to the inflammatory and destructive responses in the OA synovium and cartilage. However, the role of other major innate immune cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully evaluated. Although cells of the adaptive immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced OA is still under exploration, a quantity of literature indicates OA synovium has an enriched population of T cells and B cells compared with healthy control. The interplay between a variety of immune cells and other cells that reside in the articular joints may constitute a vicious cycle, leading to pathological changes of the articular joint in obese individuals. This review addresses obesity and the role of all the immune cells that are involved in OA and summarised animal studies and human trials and knowledge gaps between the studies have been highlighted. The review also touches base on the interventions currently in clinical trials, different stages of the testing, and their shortcomings are also discussed to understand the future direction which could help in understanding the multifactorial aspects of OA where inflammation has a significant function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udhaya Nedunchezhiyan
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ibin Varughese
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonia RuJia Sun
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ross Crawford
- Orthopedic Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Indira Prasadam,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li H, Jia Y, Weng D, Ju Z, Zhao Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Song M, Cui L, Sun S, Lin H. Clostridium butyricum Inhibits Fat Deposition via Increasing the Frequency of Adipose Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100884. [PMID: 35426245 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Clostridium butyricum (CB) exerts beneficial actions in several disorders. However, the impact and molecular cues of CB in fat metabolism remain elusive. This study demonstrates the CB inhibition of fat deposition by increasing the relative number of adipose tissue-resident Treg cells (aTregs). METHODS AND RESULTS CB is administered orally to wild type (WT) mice fed with chow diet, which decrease fat deposition and adipogenic gene expression, associating with elevated serum levels of butyrate. Sodium butyrate (SB) feeding mimics the CB suppression of fat accumulation. Of note, the frequency of aTregs in both the CB and SB treatments, analyzed by flow cytometry, is markedly increased, accompanied by activated Wnt10b expression in white adipose tissues. However, CB and SB fail to inhibit fat deposition in Wnt10b-KO mice. Intriguingly, CB and SB are able to alleviate the obesity, fatty liver, and glucose abnormalities in high fat diet (HFD)-fed WT mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CB, through its metabolite butyrate, inhibits fat deposition via potentiating aTreg cell generation, and support the option of CB and SB for therapeutic interventions in obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanxin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Dan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yunfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mengze Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lulu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Queiroz-Glauss CP, Vieira MS, Gonçalves-Pereira MH, Almeida SS, Freire RH, Gomes MA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Santiago HC. Helminth infection modulates number and function of adipose tissue Tregs in high fat diet-induced obesity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010105. [PMID: 35499991 PMCID: PMC9098094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown a protective effect of helminth infections in weight gain and against the development of metabolic dysfunctions in the host. However, the mechanisms Treg cells exert in the helminth-obesity interface has been poorly investigated. The present study aimed to verify the influence of Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection in early stages of high fat diet-induced obesity. Principal findings The presence of infection was able to prevent exacerbated weight gain in mice fed with high fat diet when compared to non-infected controls. In addition, infected animals displayed improved insulin sensitivity and decreased fat accumulation in the liver. Obesity-associated inflammation was reduced in the presence of infection, demonstrated by lower levels of leptin and resistin, lower infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in adipose tissue, higher expression of IL10 and adiponectin, increased infiltration of Th2 and eosinophils in adipose tissue of infected animals. Of note, the parasite infection was associated with increased Treg frequency in adipose tissue which showed higher expression of cell surface markers of function and activation, like LAP and CD134. The infection could also increase adipose Treg suppressor function in animals on high fat diet. Conclusion These data suggest that H. polygyrus modulates adipose tissue Treg cells with implication for weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Helminth infections are known to modulate the immune system being responsible for protecting the host from developing allergic and autoimmune disorders (Hygiene Hypothesis). We hypothesized that the same immunomodulatory effect could have an impact on immunometabolic diseases, such as obesity and its linked diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Weight disorders have reached epidemic levels, nearly tripling since 1975 and being responsible for almost 5 million premature deaths each year, but have been spared in areas of high helminth prevalence. To test our hypothesis C57BL/6 male mice were fed control or high fat diet, for five weeks, in the presence or not of infection with the worm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Weight gain, development of metabolic disorders, inflammation and cellular migration to the adipose tissue were evaluated. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found that the presence of infection prevented the exacerbated weight gain and also improved metabolic parameters in animals fed a high fat diet. This was associated with the infection’s ability to modulate parameters of a cell responsible for regulatory functions: Tregs. In the light of these findings, helminth infection could be protective against weight gain and metabolic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila P. Queiroz-Glauss
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela Helena Gonçalves-Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stephanie S. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rachel H. Freire
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I. Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu R, Zhu C, Li Y, Andrade M, Yin DP. Gastric Bypass Regulates Early Inflammatory Responses in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Surg Res 2022; 273:161-171. [PMID: 35085943 PMCID: PMC8960359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and diabetes are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is increasingly regarded as an effective approach for the improvement of glucose homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effects of RYGB on the regulation of early inflammatory responses in the liver and adipose tissue in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS RYGB was performed in DIO mice followed by analyses of adiposity, insulin sensitivity, plasma and tissue cytokines and adipokines, tissue NF-κB and JNK/c-Jun activation, and tissue macrophage and T-cell subsets. RESULTS We found that RYGB resulted in sustained improvement of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. Plasma insulin and leptin levels were increased in untreated DIO mice and reduced in RYGB mice. RYGB maintained plasma adiponectin levels and inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin 6 in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. RYGB inhibited NF-κB activation in WAT and muscle, but not in the liver. However, RYGB attenuated the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway in the liver and WAT at 1 wk after surgery, suggesting that RYGB regulates the tissue-specific inflammatory pathway. RYGB reduced M1-like (F4/80+/CD11c+) differentiation and enhanced M2-like population (F4/80+/CD206c+). RYGB also regulated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and increased Treg cells in the liver and WAT at the same time point. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that RYGB improves obesity and insulin resistance, which are associated with the regulation of early inflammatory reactions in the liver and WAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, CTGU, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Yichang Central People's Hospital, CTGU, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Andrade
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deng Ping Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adar T, Ya'acov AB, Shabat Y, Mizrahi M, Zolotarov L, Lichtenstein Y, Ilan Y. Steroid-mediated liver steatosis is CD1d-dependent, while steroid-induced liver necrosis, inflammation, and metabolic changes are CD1d-independent. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35392825 PMCID: PMC8991564 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glucocorticoids contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Natural killer T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and response to steroids. The present study aimed to determine the role of CD1d in steroid-mediated metabolic derangement and the steroid-protective effect of glycosphingolipids. Methods Ten groups of mice were studied. Steroids were orally administered to C57BL/6 mice to assess the therapeutic effect of β-glucosylceramide (GC) on the development of steroid-mediated liver damage and metabolic derangements. The role of CD1d in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced liver damage and in mediating the hepatoprotective effect of GC was studied in CD1d−/− mice. Results A model of oral administration of steroids was established, resulting in insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, and hepatocellular injury. Steroid administration to CD1d−/− mice was associated with hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. However, CD1d−/− mice did not manifest marked steroid-induced steatosis. GC treatment alleviated steroid-associated metabolic derangements and liver injury independent of CD1d expression. Conclusion A steroid-mediated model of NAFLD and metabolic derangements was established in which steroid-mediated steatosis was CD1d-dependent while steroid-induced liver necrosis, inflammation, and metabolic changes were CD1d-independent, which may support a dichotomy between steatosis and steatohepatitis in NAFLD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02242-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Adar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.,Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.,Digestive Disease Institute, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Shabat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Mizrahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lida Zolotarov
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Lichtenstein
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The fellowship of regulatory and tissue-resident memory cells. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:64-73. [PMID: 34608235 PMCID: PMC8488068 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells located in non-lymphoid tissues have come to prominence in recent years. CD8+ tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells are important for tissue immune surveillance, provide an important line of defence against invading pathogens and show promise in cancer therapies. These cells differ in phenotype from other memory populations, are adapted to the tissue they home to where they found their cognate antigen and have different metabolic requirements for survival and activation. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells also consist of specialised populations, found in non-lymphoid tissues, with distinct transcriptional programmes. These cells have equally adapted to function in the tissue they made their home. Both Trm and Treg cells have functions beyond immune defence, involving tissue homeostasis, repair and turnover. They are part of a multicellular communication network. Intriguingly, occupying the same niche, Treg cells are important in the establishment of Trm cells, which may have implications to harness the immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis properties of Trm cells for future therapies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Torre P, Motta BM, Sciorio R, Masarone M, Persico M. Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in MAFLD: Role of the Hepatic Immune System. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781567. [PMID: 34957156 PMCID: PMC8695879 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the definition recently proposed to better circumscribe the spectrum of conditions long known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that range from simple steatosis without inflammation to more advanced liver diseases. The progression of MAFLD, as well as other chronic liver diseases, toward cirrhosis, is driven by hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. The latter, result of a “chronic wound healing reaction,” is a dynamic process, and the understanding of its underlying pathophysiological events has increased in recent years. Fibrosis progresses in a microenvironment where it takes part an interplay between fibrogenic cells and many other elements, including some cells of the immune system with an underexplored or still unclear role in liver diseases. Some therapeutic approaches, also acting on the immune system, have been probed over time to evaluate their ability to improve inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, but to date no drug has been approved to treat this condition. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of the liver immune system in the progression of NAFLD, and on therapies under study that aim to counter the immune substrate of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Torre
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciorio
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu L, Hu J, Wang Y, Lei H, Xu D. The role and research progress of the balance and interaction between regulatory T cells and other immune cells in obesity with insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2021; 10:66-79. [PMID: 33472506 PMCID: PMC7834085 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1876375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue plays a major role in obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recorded to regulate metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue. However, their specific mechanism is not yet known. This review aims to present the role of Treg cells and other immune cells in obesity-associated IR, focusing on the balance of numbers and functions of Treg cells and other immune cells as well as the crucial role of their interactions in maintaining adipose tissue homoeostasis. Th1 cells, Th17 cells, CD8+ T cells, and pro-inflammatory macrophages mediate the occurrence of obesity and IR by antagonizing Treg cells, while anti-inflammatory dendritic cells, eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells. γ δ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have complex effects on Treg cells, and their roles in obesity-associated IR are controversial. The balance of Treg cells and other immune cells can help maintain the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue. Further research needs to explore more specific molecular mechanisms, thus providing more precise directions for the treatment of obesity with IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ishay Y, Potruch A, Schwartz A, Berg M, Jamil K, Agus S, Ilan Y. A digital health platform for assisting the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 progression: An adjuvant approach for augmenting the antiviral response and mitigating the immune-mediated target organ damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112228. [PMID: 34649354 PMCID: PMC8455249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is a respiratory illness associated with high mortality, has been classified as a pandemic. The major obstacles for the clinicians to contain the disease are limited information availability, difficulty in disease diagnosis, predicting disease prognosis, and lack of disease monitoring tools. Additionally, the lack of valid therapies has further contributed to the difficulties in containing the pandemic. Recent studies have reported that the dysregulation of the immune system leads to an ineffective antiviral response and promotes pathological immune response, which manifests as ARDS, myocarditis, and hepatitis. In this study, a novel platform has been described for disseminating information to physicians for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with COVID-19. An adjuvant approach using compounds that can potentiate antiviral immune response and mitigate COVID-19-induced immune-mediated target organ damage has been presented. A prolonged beneficial effect is achieved by implementing algorithm-based individualized variability measures in the treatment regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Assaf Potruch
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Asaf Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Marc Berg
- Altus Care powered by Oberon Sciences, Denmark, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, USA.
| | - Khurram Jamil
- Altus Care powered by Oberon Sciences, Denmark, Israel.
| | - Samuel Agus
- Altus Care powered by Oberon Sciences, Denmark, Israel.
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review The incidence of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis has risen at an alarming rate over the last century. Thus, there is a clear need to understand the critical factors that drive such pathologic immune responses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that has emerged as an important regulator of multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory response to allergens; from airway epithelial cells to T Helper (TH) cells. Recent Findings Initial studies suggested that agonists of PPAR-γ could be employed to temper allergic inflammation, suppressing pro-inflammatory gene expression programs in epithelial cells. Several lines of work now suggest that PPAR-γ plays an essential in promoting ‘type 2’ immune responses that are typically associated with allergic disease. PPAR-γ has been found to promote the functions of TH2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, M2 macrophages and dendritic cells, regulating lipid metabolism and directly inducing effector gene expression. Moreover, preclinical models of allergy in gene-targeted mice have increasingly implicated PPAR-γ in driving allergic inflammation. Summary Herein, we highlight the contrasting roles of PPAR-γ in allergic inflammation and hypothesize that the availability of environmental ligands for PPAR-γ may be at the heart of the rise in allergic diseases worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher A Tibbitt
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ishay Y, Potruch A, Weksler-Zangen S, Shabat Y, Ilan Y. Augmented antiviral T cell immunity by oral administration of IMM-124E in preclinical models and a phase I/IIa clinical trial: A method for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:615-621. [PMID: 34596893 PMCID: PMC8652907 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological adjuvants that target the gut immune system are being developed for modulating the immune system. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC), produced by harvesting the bovine colostrum of dairy cows immunized to exogenous antigens, has been shown to modulate the immune responses and alleviate immune‐mediated organ damages. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of HBC to promote antiviral interferonγ (IFNγ) T cell responses. In a preclinical study, mice were orally administered with HBC for 5 days and tested for the number of T cell clones secreting IFNγ in response to viral antigens of the swine flu, New Caledonia influenza, and cytomegalovirus. In a phase I/IIa clinical trial, five healthy volunteers were treated for 5 days with HBC followed by testing the anti‐coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) immunity. In the preclinical study, oral administration of HBC augmented the number of T cell clones secreting IFNγ in response to viral antigens. In the clinical trial, oral administration of HBC to healthy males significantly increased the number of anti‐COVID‐19 spike protein IFNγ positive T cell clones. Oral administration of HBC provides a novel method for augmenting antiviral responses. Its high‐safety profile makes it ideal for all disease stages and for pre‐emptive therapy among medical personnel and other workers who are at a high risk of exposure to infections. The relatively low cost of HBC is expected to minimize care provider burdens, costs, and enable its global application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Potruch
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Shabat
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bin-Jumah MN, Gilani SJ, Hosawi S, Al-Abbasi FA, Zeyadi M, Imam SS, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Nadeem MS, Kazmi I. Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline/L-Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor-Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:3453. [PMID: 34684454 PMCID: PMC8540684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microecological environment of the gastrointestinal tract is altered if there is an imbalance between the gut microbiota phylases, resulting in a variety of diseases. Moreover, progressive age not only slows down physical activity but also reduces the fat metabolism pathway, which may lead to a reduction in the variety of bacterial strains and bacteroidetes' abundance, promoting firmicutes and proteobacteria growth. As a result, dysbiosis reduces physiological adaptability, boosts inflammatory markers, generates ROS, and induces the destruction of free radical macromolecules, leading to sarcopenia in older patients. Research conducted at various levels indicates that the microbiota of the gut is involved in pathogenesis and can be considered as the causative agent of several cardiovascular diseases. Local and systematic inflammatory reactions are caused in patients with heart failure, as ischemia and edema are caused by splanchnic hypoperfusion and enable both bacterial metabolites and bacteria translocation to enter from an intestinal barrier, which is already weakened, to the blood circulation. Multiple diseases, such as HF, include healthy microbe-derived metabolites. These key findings demonstrate that the gut microbiota modulates the host's metabolism, either specifically or indirectly, by generating multiple metabolites. Currently, the real procedures that are an analogy to the symptoms in cardiac pathologies, such as cardiac mass dysfunctions and modifications, are investigated at a minimum level in older patients. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the existing knowledge about a particular diet, including trimethylamine, which usually seems to be effective for the improvement of cardiac and skeletal muscle, such as choline and L-carnitine, which may aggravate the HF process in sarcopenic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mustafa Zeyadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (M.Z.); (M.S.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Thomas AL, Alarcon PC, Divanovic S, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Moreno-Fernandez ME. Implications of Inflammatory States on Dysfunctional Immune Responses in Aging and Obesity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:732414. [PMID: 35822048 PMCID: PMC9261339 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.732414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging and obesity are two conditions characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation. While both conditions are also associated with dysfunctional immune responses, the shared and distinct underlying mechanisms are just starting to be uncovered. In fact, recent findings have suggested that the effects of obesity on the immune system can be thought of as a state of accelerated aging. Here we propose that chronic, low-grade inflammation seen in obesity and aging is complex, affects multiple cell types, and results in an altered basal immune state. In aging, part of this altered state is the emergence of regulatory immune populations that lead to further immune dysfunction in an attempt to reduce chronic inflammation. While in obesity, part of the altered state is the effect of expanding adipose tissue on immune cell function. Thus, in this review, we compare, and contrast altered immune states in aging and obesity and discuss their potential contribution to a shared clinical problem- decreased vaccine responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L. Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Pablo C. Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David A. Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Immunology Graduate Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for Transplant Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shao Q, Gu J, Zhou J, Wang Q, Li X, Deng Z, Lu L. Tissue Tregs and Maintenance of Tissue Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717903. [PMID: 34490267 PMCID: PMC8418123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) specifically expressing Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) play roles in suppressing the immune response and maintaining immune homeostasis. After maturation in the thymus, Tregs leave the thymus and migrate to lymphoid tissues or non-lymphoid tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that Tregs with unique characteristics also have significant effects on non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Tissue-resident Tregs, also called tissue Tregs, do not recirculate in the blood or lymphatics and attain a unique phenotype distinct from common Tregs in circulation. This review first summarizes the phenotype, function, and cytokine expression of these Tregs in visceral adipose tissue, skin, muscle, and other tissues. Then, how Tregs are generated, home, and are attracted to and remain resident in the tissue are discussed. Finally, how an increased understanding of these tissue Tregs might guide clinical treatment is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinren Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Induction of antigen-specific Treg cells in treating autoimmune uveitis via bystander suppressive pathways without compromising anti-tumor immunity. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103496. [PMID: 34280776 PMCID: PMC8318874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of autoantigen-specific Treg cells that suppress tissue-specific autoimmunity without compromising beneficial immune responses is the holy-grail for immunotherapy to autoimmune diseases. METHODS In a model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) that mimics human uveitis, ocular inflammation was induced by immunization with retinal antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). Mice were given intraperitoneal injection of αCD4 antibody (Ab) after the onset of disease, followed by administration of IRBP. EAU was evaluated clinically and functionally. Splenocytes, CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells were sorted and cultured with IRBP or αCD3 Ab. T cell proliferation and cytokine production were assessed. FINDINGS The experimental approach resulted in remission of ocular inflammation and rescue of visual function in mice with established EAU. Mechanistically, the therapeutic effect was mediated by induction of antigen-specific Treg cells that inhibited IRBP-driven Th17 response in TGF-β and IL-10 dependent fashion. Importantly, the Ab-mediated immune tolerance could be achieved in EAU mice by administration of retinal autoantigens, arrestin but not limited to IRBP only, in an antigen-nonspecific bystander manner. Further, these EAU-suppressed tolerized mice did not compromise their anti-tumor T immunity in melanoma model. INTERPRETATION We successfully addressed a specific immunotherapy of EAU by in vivo induction of autoantigen-specific Treg cells without compromising host overall T cell immunity, which should have potential implication for patients with autoimmune uveitis. FUNDING This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province and the Fundamental Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.
Collapse
|
41
|
Qin W, Sun L, Dong M, An G, Zhang K, Zhang C, Meng X. Regulatory T Cells and Diabetes Mellitus. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:875-881. [PMID: 33975439 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system dysfunction causes dysregulation of immune homeostasis, which in turn leads to autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized T cell subpopulation that maintain peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases; thus, in terms of coronary risk, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered coronary heart disease equivalent. Accumulating evidence indicates that Tregs play an important role in protecting against the development of various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of DM, including type 1 DM, type 2 DM, latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, and gestational DM. In addition, we discuss the role of Tregs in diabetic complications, including cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Tregs play a beneficial role in the pathogenesis of DM and diabetic complications, although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Tregs against DM are still obscure. Collectively, modification of Tregs may provide a promising and novel future strategy for the prevention and therapy of DM and diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guipeng An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Diverse functions and mechanisms of regulatory T cell in ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113782. [PMID: 34116055 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory and immune processes are key pathophysiological processes in the ischemic stroke, including leukocyte infiltration and destruction of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which further lead to increased post-ischemic inflammation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specific subset of T lymphocytes that play a pivotal role in suppressing the activation of immune system, maintaining immune homeostasis, and regulating inflammation induced by pathogens and environmental toxins. We would like to discuss the paradox function of Tregs in ischemic stroke. The accumulating data indicate that Tregs are involved in the immune regulation and self-tolerance after ischemic stroke, contributing the outcome of ischemic stroke. Tregs could resist immune response overactivation, and were supposed to be the endogenous regulatory factors to control the immune response of ischemic brain. Although, there are still some controversies and unresolved issues about the functions and mechanisms of Tregs in ischemic stroke. More and more attention has been paid to Tregs in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and it might be a potential therapeutic target in the future. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings on the specific functions and mechanisms of Tregs and discuss its potential therapeutic role in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
43
|
Moreno-Fernandez ME, Sharma V, Stankiewicz TE, Oates JR, Doll JR, Damen MSMA, Almanan MATA, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Divanovic S. Aging mitigates the severity of obesity-associated metabolic sequelae in a gender independent manner. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:15. [PMID: 34099626 PMCID: PMC8184786 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gender-associated bias in aging and obesity-driven metabolic derangements has been hindered by the inability to model severe obesity in female mice. METHODS Here, using chow- or high fat diet (HFD)-feeding regimens at standard (TS) and thermoneutral (TN) housing temperatures, the latter to model obesity in female mice, we examined the impact of gender and aging on obesity-associated metabolic derangements and immune responsiveness. Analysis included quantification of: (i) weight gain and adiposity; (ii) the development and severity of glucose dysmetabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); and (iii) induction of inflammatory pathways related to metabolic dysfunction. RESULTS We show that under chow diet feeding regimen, aging was accompanied by increased body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in a gender independent manner. HFD feeding regimen in aged, compared to young, male mice at TS, resulted in attenuated glucose dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. However, under TS housing conditions only aged, but not young, HFD fed female mice developed obesity. At TN however, both young and aged HFD fed female mice developed severe obesity. Independent of gender or housing conditions, aging attenuated the severity of metabolic derangements in HFD-fed obese mice. Tempered severity of metabolic derangements in aged mice was associated with increased splenic frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells, Type I regulatory (Tr1)-like cells and circulating IL-10 levels and decreased vigor of HFD-driven induction of inflammatory pathways in adipose and liver tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that aging-associated altered immunological profile and inflammatory vigor may play a dominant role in the attenuation of obesogenic diet-driven metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maha A T A Almanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Center for Transplant Immunology, and Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ahmed O, Robinson MW, O'Farrelly C. Inflammatory processes in the liver: divergent roles in homeostasis and pathology. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1375-1386. [PMID: 33864004 PMCID: PMC8166849 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic immune system is designed to tolerate diverse harmless foreign moieties to maintain homeostasis in the healthy liver. Constant priming and regulation ensure that appropriate immune activation occurs when challenged by pathogens and tissue damage. Failure to accurately discriminate, regulate, or effectively resolve inflammation offsets this balance, jeopardizing overall tissue health resulting from an either overly tolerant or an overactive inflammatory response. Compelling scientific and clinical evidence links dysregulated hepatic immune and inflammatory responses upon sterile injury to several pathological conditions in the liver, particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Murine and human studies have described interactions between diverse immune repertoires and nonhematopoietic cell populations in both physiological and pathological activities in the liver, although the molecular mechanisms driving these associations are not clearly understood. Here, we review the dynamic roles of inflammatory mediators in responses to sterile injury in the context of homeostasis and disease, the clinical implications of dysregulated hepatic immune activity and therapeutic developments to regulate liver-specific immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark W Robinson
- Department of Biology, Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mittelsteadt KL, Hayes ET, Campbell DJ. ICOS signaling limits regulatory T cell accumulation and function in visceral adipose tissue. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212010. [PMID: 33881452 PMCID: PMC8065270 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique population of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (TRs) resides in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that regulates adipose inflammation and helps preserve insulin sensitivity. Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is highly expressed on effector (e)TRs that migrate to nonlymphoid tissues, and contributes to their maintenance and function in models of autoimmunity. In this study, we report an unexpected cell-intrinsic role for ICOS expression and downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in limiting the abundance, VAT-associated phenotype, and function of TRs specifically in VAT. Icos-/- mice and mice expressing a knock-in form of ICOS that cannot activate PI3K had increased VAT-TR abundance and elevated expression of canonical VAT-TR markers. Loss of ICOS signaling facilitated enhanced accumulation of TRs to VAT associated with elevated CCR3 expression, and resulted in reduced adipose inflammation and heightened insulin sensitivity in the context of a high-fat diet. Thus, we have uncovered a new and surprising molecular pathway that regulates VAT-TR accumulation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Mittelsteadt
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erika T Hayes
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel J Campbell
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Alviggi C, La Cava A, Matarese G. The pleiotropic roles of leptin in metabolism, immunity, and cancer. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211994. [PMID: 33857282 PMCID: PMC8056770 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the archetypal adipocytokine leptin and how it regulates energy homeostasis have represented breakthroughs in our understanding of the endocrine function of the adipose tissue and the biological determinants of human obesity. Investigations on leptin have also been instrumental in identifying physio-pathological connections between metabolic regulation and multiple immunological functions. For example, the description of the promoting activities of leptin on inflammation and cell proliferation have recognized the detrimental effects of leptin in connecting dysmetabolic conditions with cancer and with onset and/or progression of autoimmune disease. Here we review the multiple biological functions and complex framework of operations of leptin, discussing why and how the pleiotropic activities of this adipocytokine still pose major hurdles in the development of effective leptin-based therapeutic opportunities for different clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Candia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.,T reg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Modulatory Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Amelioration of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626313. [PMID: 33897419 PMCID: PMC8062864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of maladaptive cardiovascular, renal, thrombotic, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. It confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. CMS is triggered by major shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits with increased consumption of refined, calorie-dense diets. Evidence indicates that diet-induced CMS is linked to Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This led to the proposal that adipose inflammation may be involved in metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, as well as the contribution to the inflammatory process predisposing patients to increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, in the absence of direct pharmacological interventions for the subclinical phase of CMS, time restricted feeding regimens were anticipated to alleviate early metabolic damage and subsequent comorbidities. These regimens, referred to as intermittent fasting (IF), showed a strong positive impact on the metabolic state of obese and non-obese human subjects and animal models, positive AT remodeling in face of overnutrition and high fat diet (HFD) consumption, and improved CV outcomes. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the role of adipose inflammation in triggering cardiovascular impairment in the context of diet induced CMS with an emphasis on the involvement of perivascular adipose tissue. As well, we propose some possible molecular pathways linking intermittent fasting to the ameliorative effect on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction under such circumstances. We highlight a number of targets, whose function changes in perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and could be modified by intermittent fasting acting as a novel approach to ameliorate the inflammatory status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pezhman L, Tahrani A, Chimen M. Dysregulation of Leukocyte Trafficking in Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Avenues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624184. [PMID: 33692997 PMCID: PMC7937619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and impaired insulin signaling which in addition to be caused by common metabolic dysregulations, have also been associated to changes in various immune cell number, function and activation phenotype. Obesity plays a central role in the development of T2DM. The inflammation originating from obese adipose tissue develops systemically and contributes to insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can also contribute to chronic, low-grade inflammation resulting in compromised immune function. In this review, we explore how the trafficking of innate and adaptive immune cells under inflammatory condition is dysregulated in T2DM. We particularly highlight the obesity-related accumulation of leukocytes in the adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction and resulting in hyperglycemia and consequent changes of adhesion and migratory behavior of leukocytes in different vascular beds. Thus, here we discuss how potential therapeutic targeting of leukocyte trafficking could be an efficient way to control inflammation as well as diabetes and its vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Pezhman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abd Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhou H, Wang L, Liu F. Immunological Impact of Intestinal T Cells on Metabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639902. [PMID: 33679800 PMCID: PMC7930072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence accumulated over the past several years has uncovered intestinal CD4+ T cells as an essential mediator in modulating intestinal immunity in health and diseases. It has also been increasingly recognized that dietary and microbiota-derived factors play key roles in shaping the intestinal CD4+ T-cell compartment. This review aims to discuss the current understanding on how the intestinal T cell immune responses are disturbed by obesity and metabolic stress. In addition, we review how these changes influence systemic metabolic homeostasis and the T-cell-mediated crosstalk between gut and liver or brain in the progression of obesity and its related diseases. Lastly, we highlight the potential roles of some drugs that target intestinal T cells as a therapeutic treatment for metabolic diseases. A better understanding of the interaction among metabolites, bacterial signals, and T cell immune responses in the gut and their roles in systemic inflammation in metabolic tissues should shed new light on the development of effective treatment of obesity and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cicuéndez B, Ruiz-Garrido I, Mora A, Sabio G. Stress kinases in the development of liver steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101190. [PMID: 33588102 PMCID: PMC8324677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important component of metabolic syndrome and one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. This disorder is closely linked to hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Although the mechanisms that cause steatosis and chronic liver injury in NAFLD remain unclear, a key component of this process is the activation of stress-activated kinases (SAPKs), including p38 and JNK in the liver and immune system. This review summarizes findings which indicate that the dysregulation of stress kinases plays a fundamental role in the development of steatosis and are important players in inducing liver fibrosis. To avoid the development of steatohepatitis and liver cancer, SAPK activity must be tightly regulated not only in the hepatocytes but also in other tissues, including cells of the immune system. Possible cellular mechanisms of SAPK actions are discussed. Hepatic JNK triggers steatosis and insulin resistance, decreasing lipid oxidation and ketogenesis in HFD-fed mice. Decreased liver expression of p38α/β in HFD increases lipogenesis. Hepatic p38γ/δ drive insulin resistance and inhibit autophagy, which may lead to steatosis. Macrophage p38α/β promote cytokine production and M1 polarization, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Myeloid p38γ/δ contribute to cytokine production and neutrophil migration, protecting against steatosis, diabetes and NAFLD. JNK1 and p38γ induce HCC while p38α blocks it. However, deletion of hepatic JNK1/2 induces cholangiocarcinoma. SAPK are potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|