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Lee J, Kim J, Jeong C, Baek KH, Ha J. Beyond breast cancer: role of selective estrogen receptor modulators in reducing systemic malignancies: evidence from population-based data. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:1589-1596. [PMID: 39115280 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2390649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raloxifene and bazedoxifene are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene is also known for its preventive effect against invasive breast cancer; however, its effect on other cancer types is unclear. This study investigated the incidence of various cancers in osteoporosis patients receiving SERM therapy to determine its association with the risk of developing specific cancer types. METHODS This retrospective cohort study examined the association between SERM use and the incidence of cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers in postmenopausal women using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Propensity score matching ensured group comparability by analyzing 95,513 participants. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the cancer risk associated with SERM therapy, differentiating between the effects of raloxifene and bazedoxifene. RESULTS SERM therapy was associated with a reduced risk of cervical (adjusted HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.31-0.71), ovarian (adjusted HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42-0.88), and colorectal cancer (adjusted HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.42-0.57). No significant risk reduction was observed for endometrial cancer (adjusted HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.70-1.59). A comparison between raloxifene and bazedoxifene revealed no significant differences in their cancer prevention effects. CONCLUSION SERM therapy administration is associated with a decreased incidence of cervical, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Notably, the effects of raloxifene and bazedoxifene were consistent. Further investigations are crucial to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiho Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cetin F, Kayar İ, Goc G, Birge Ö. The Impact of Tamoxifen Usage in Breast Cancer Patients on the Development of Histopathological Lesions in the Cervix Uteri. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1268. [PMID: 39202549 PMCID: PMC11356032 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of colposcopic biopsies in patients with breast cancer and those who tested positive for HPV in cervix uteri cytological screenings, with a control group of HPV-positive individuals without breast cancer. Additionally, through this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of tamoxifen treatment, an anti-oestrogen drug used following breast cancer treatment, on histopathological changes. Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and cause of death in women worldwide. Cervical cancer ranks as the second most prevalent form of cancer among women globally, with prevalence rates ranking just behind those of breast cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity is a requirement for the development of cervical cancer, although it is not the sole factor responsible. Materials and Methods: A comparison was made between the histopathological results of 52 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, who tested positive for HPV in routine cervical cytological screenings and underwent colposcopic biopsy, and 230 cases without any abnormalities. A study was conducted to compare healthy individuals between the ages of 30 and 65 who were diagnosed with breast cancer and those who did not have breast cancer. The participants underwent HPV screening as part of the national cervical cytology screening programme. Results: The average age of those diagnosed with breast cancer was 46.73 ± 7.54; in comparison, the average age of participants in the control group was 47.49 ± 7.95. There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups (p: 0.530). A total of 51 cases (98.1%) of breast cancer were found to have actively used the anti-oestrogen drug tamoxifen for a duration ranging from at least 6 months to 5 years. One patient (1.9%) in the breast cancer group did not use tamoxifen. During routine cervical cytological screenings, it was observed that both breast cancer cases and healthy cases tested positive for HPV. The most commonly detected types of HPV in both groups were HPV 16 and 18, with rates of 73.1% noted in the breast cancer group and 92.6% noted in the healthy group, results consistent with the rates found in the general population. HPV 16 was found in 58.7% of participants in the control group and 42.3% of participants in the breast cancer group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.032). There was no statistically significant difference observed between the two groups in terms of normal, high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs); low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (LGSILs); and chronic cervicitis histopathological lesions based on colposcopic and endocervical biopsy results, smear cytology, and HPV results (p-values of 0.913 and 0.877, respectively). Conclusions: Our study results indicate that tamoxifen treatment, an anti-oestrogen drug administered for chemoprevention purposes in the management of breast cancer, does not lead to an increase in abnormal histological changes in the cervix uteri. In all cases of breast cancer, gynaecological examination and cervical cytological screening should be advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Private Osmaniye Park Hospital, 80010 Osmaniye, Turkey
- Selimiye, Bölge Trafik Yanı, Musa Şahin Bulvarı, Merkez, 80010 Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - İlkan Kayar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osmaniye State Hospital, 80000 Osmaniye, Turkey;
| | - Goksu Goc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Hospital, 10000 Prishtine, Kosovo;
| | - Özer Birge
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Niger Turkey Friendship Hospital, Niamey 920271, Niger;
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James CD, Lewis RL, Fakunmoju AL, Witt A, Youssef AH, Wang X, Rais NM, Tadimari Prabhakar A, Machado JM, Otoa R, Bristol ML. Fibroblast Stromal Support Model for Predicting Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancer Drug Responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588680. [PMID: 38644998 PMCID: PMC11030318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no specific antiviral therapeutic approaches targeting Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which cause around 5% of all human cancers. Specific antiviral reagents are particularly needed for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers (HPV+OPCs) whose incidence is increasing and for which there are no early diagnostic tools available. We and others have demonstrated that the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is overexpressed in HPV+OPCs, compared to HPV-negative cancers in this region, and that these elevated levels are associated with an improved disease outcome. Utilizing this HPV+ specific overexpression profile, we previously demonstrated that estrogen attenuates the growth and cell viability of HPV+ keratinocytes and HPV+ cancer cells in vitro. Expansion of this work in vivo failed to replicate this sensitization. The role of stromal support from the tumor microenvironment (TME) has previously been tied to both the HPV lifecycle and in vivo therapeutic responses. Our investigations revealed that in vitro co-culture with fibroblasts attenuated HPV+ specific estrogen growth responses. Continuing to monopolize on the HPV+ specific overexpression of ERalpha, our co-culture models then assessed the suitability of the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), raloxifene and tamoxifen, and showed growth attenuation in a variety of our models to one or both of these drugs in vitro. Utilization of these SERMs in vivo closely resembled the sensitization predicted by our co-culture models. Therefore, the in vitro fibroblast co-culture model better predicts in vivo responses. We propose that utilization of our co-culture in vitro model can accelerate cancer therapeutic drug discovery.
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Wang Y, Wang Y. Identification of drug responsive enhancers by predicting chromatin accessibility change from perturbed gene expression profiles. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:62. [PMID: 38816426 PMCID: PMC11139989 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Individual may response to drug treatment differently due to their genetic variants located in enhancers. These variants can alter transcription factor's (TF) binding strength, affect enhancer's chromatin activity or interaction, and eventually change expression level of downstream gene. Here, we propose a computational framework, PERD, to Predict the Enhancers Responsive to Drug. A machine learning model was trained to predict the genome-wide chromatin accessibility from transcriptome data using the paired expression and chromatin accessibility data collected from ENCODE and ROADMAP. Then the model was applied to the perturbed gene expression data from Connectivity Map (CMAP) and Cancer Drug-induced gene expression Signature DataBase (CDS-DB) and identify drug responsive enhancers with significantly altered chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, the drug responsive enhancers were related to the pharmacogenomics genome-wide association studies (PGx GWAS). Stepping on the traditional drug-associated gene signatures, PERD holds the promise to enhance the causality of drug perturbation by providing candidate regulatory element of those drug associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- CEMS, NCMIS, HCMS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 330106, China.
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Hernández-Silva CD, Ramírez de Arellano A, Pereira-Suárez AL, Ramírez-López IG. HPV and Cervical Cancer: Molecular and Immunological Aspects, Epidemiology and Effect of Vaccination in Latin American Women. Viruses 2024; 16:327. [PMID: 38543693 PMCID: PMC10974876 DOI: 10.3390/v16030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and remains a significant public health concern, particularly in Latin American regions. This comprehensive narrative review addresses the relationship between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, focusing on Latin American women. It explores molecular and immunological aspects of HPV infection, its role in cervical cancer development, and the epidemiology in this region, highlighting the prevalence and diversity of HPV genotypes. The impact of vaccination initiatives on cervical cancer rates in Latin America is critically evaluated. The advent of HPV vaccines has presented a significant tool in combating the burden of this malignancy, with notable successes observed in various countries, the latter due to their impact on immune responses. The review synthesizes current knowledge, emphasizes the importance of continued research and strategies for cervical cancer prevention, and underscores the need for ongoing efforts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian David Hernández-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.D.H.-S.); (A.L.P.-S.)
| | - Adrián Ramírez de Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Pereira-Suárez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (C.D.H.-S.); (A.L.P.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Inocencia Guadalupe Ramírez-López
- Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, CUValles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara-Ameca Rd Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
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Yang H. The causal correlation between gut microbiota abundance and pathogenesis of cervical cancer: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1336101. [PMID: 38419642 PMCID: PMC10901247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies and animal experiments suggested potential relevance between gut microbiota (GM) and cervical cancer (CC), but the relevance of this association remains to be clarified. Methods We performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore whether there was a causal correlation between GM and CC, and the direction of causality. Results In primary outcomes, we found that a higher abundance of class Clostridia, family Family XI, genus Alloprevotella, genus Ruminiclostridium 9, and order Clostridiales predicted higher risk of CC, and a higher abundance of class Lentisphaeria, family Acidaminococcaceae, genus Christensenellaceae R7 group, genus Marvinbryantia, order Victivallales, phylum Actinobacteria, and phylum Lentisphaerae predicted lower risk of CC. During verifiable outcomes, we found that a higher abundance of class Methanobacteria, family Actinomycetaceae, family Methanobacteriaceae, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG 010, genus Methanobrevibacter, order Actinomycetales, and order Methanobacteriales predicted a higher risk of CC, and a higher abundance of family Streptococcaceae, genus Dialister, and phylum Bacteroidetes predicted a lower risk of CC, and vice versa. Conclusion Our study implied a mutual causality between GM and CC, which provided a novel concept for the occurrence and development of CC, and might promote future functional or clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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7
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Almouhanna F, Hess J. An ESR1-Related Gene Signature Identifies Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Imputed Susceptibility to Endocrine Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1244. [PMID: 38279245 PMCID: PMC10816965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. New personalized treatment strategies represent an unmet medical need to improve the overall survival and the quality of life of patients, which are often limited by the toxicity of established multimodal treatment protocols. Several studies have reported an increased expression of the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in HNSCC, but its potential role in the disease outcome of these tumors remains elusive. Using an integrative analysis of multiomics and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-HNSC, we established a prognostic risk model based on an ESR1-related 25-gene set. The prognostic value was confirmed in an independent cohort of HNSCC and other solid tumors from TCGA. Finally, we performed in silico drug sensitivity modeling to explore potential vulnerabilities for both risk groups. This approach predicted a higher sensitivity for HNSCC, with prominent ESR1 pathway activity under treatment with specific estrogen receptor modulators. In conclusion, our data confirm the involvement of ESR1-related pathway activity in the progression of a defined subset of HNSCC, provide compelling evidence that these tumors share a specific vulnerability to endocrine therapy, and pave the way for preclinical studies and clinical trials to demonstrate the efficacy of this new therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Almouhanna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Stratton P, Vernenkar V, Fulton AJ, Soti V. Sex Steroid Modulators and the Development of Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor: A Case Report of an Immunocompetent Patient. Cureus 2023; 15:e48379. [PMID: 37942127 PMCID: PMC10628607 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Buschke-Lowenstein tumors (BLTs) are benign dermatologic manifestations of human papillomavirus (HPV). They originate from longstanding condylomata in individuals with compromised immune systems. In this case report, we present a 68-year-old immunocompetent female with HPV condylomata that had transitioned to a large, fungated BLT in her right groin. The patient's immunocompetency was determined by the absence of diabetes, corticosteroid therapy, organ transplant, cytotoxic therapy, or any known primary or other secondary immunodeficiencies. Notably, the patient had a history of breast cancer, managed through lumpectomy, local radiation, and two years of combined aromatase inhibitor and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) therapy, followed by three years of further SERM therapy. We propose that the effect of her previously received SERM therapy shifted the T helper (Th)1 immune response to a Th2 response. This may have compromised the patient's HPV-specific cell-mediated immunity, favoring a non-protective Th2-dominant effect. Thus, it potentially enabled immune evasion, transitioning to a BLT phenotype. Additionally, the immune skewing of the SERM may have been initially opposed by the known ability of aromatase inhibitors to potentiate Th1 responses. Indeed, the patient first noticed the appearance of HPV condylomata progressing to the BLT phenotype with the cessation of the aromatase inhibitor therapy under the unopposed influence of the SERM. The resultant cytokine milieu may have contributed to the unusual progression to the BLT phenotype in this otherwise immunocompetent patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Stratton
- Dermatology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA
| | | | - Aeryn J Fulton
- Immunology and Microbiology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA
| | - Varun Soti
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Elmira, USA
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9
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Ali H, Traj P, Szebeni GJ, Gémes N, Resch V, Paragi G, Mernyák E, Minorics R, Zupkó I. Investigation of the Antineoplastic Effects of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-13α-Estrone Sulfamate against the HPV16-Positive Human Invasive Cervical Carcinoma Cell Line SiHa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076625. [PMID: 37047597 PMCID: PMC10095317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant gynecological cancers in women of reproductive age. Because of the poor tolerability of currently available chemotherapeutic agents, efforts have been focused on developing innovative molecules, including steroids, that exert antineoplastic effects with a better safety profile. In addition to their endocrine properties, certain estrogens exhibit additional biological activities, such as antiangiogenic and anticancer effects. Based on previous studies, the antineoplastic properties of 13α-estrone sulfamate derivatives (13AES1-3) were investigated, and the mechanism of action for the most promising compound 13AES3 was explored. Based on their effects on the viability of different human adherent gynecological cancer cells, the SiHa cervical cell line was used for mechanistic experiments. The most active analog 13AES3 was shown to exert considerable proapoptotic effects, as evidenced by a colorimetric caspase-3 assay and fluorescent double staining. It also elicited antimigratory and anti-invasive effects in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. Regarding their mechanism of action, 13AES derivatives were shown to inhibit tubulin polymerization, and computer simulations provided a possible explanation for the importance of the presence of the chlorophenyl ring on the estrane skeleton. 13AES3 is considered to be the first 13α-estrone derivative with a significant antineoplastic potency against SiHa cancer cells. Therefore, it might serve as a valuable lead molecule for the design of anticancer agents targeting cervical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazhmat Ali
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Traj
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vivien Resch
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Paragi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Physics, University of Pécs, H-7622 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Wang W, Spurgeon ME, Pope A, McGregor S, Ward-Shaw E, Gronski E, Lambert PF. Stress keratin 17 and estrogen support viral persistence and modulate the immune environment during cervicovaginal murine papillomavirus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214225120. [PMID: 36917668 PMCID: PMC10041145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, infects both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia of laboratory mice and can be used to model high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated disease. We have shown that estrogen exacerbates papillomavirus-induced cervical disease in HPV-transgenic mice. We have also previously identified stress keratin 17 (K17) as a host factor that supports MmuPV1-induced cutaneous disease. Here, we sought to test the role of estrogen and K17 in MmuPV1 infection and associated disease in the female reproductive tract. We experimentally infected wild-type and K17 knockout (K17KO) mice with MmuPV1 in the female reproductive tract in the presence or absence of exogenous estrogen for 6 mon. We observed that a significantly higher percentage of K17KO mice cleared the virus as opposed to wild-type mice. In estrogen-treated wild-type mice, the MmuPV1 viral copy number was significantly higher compared to untreated mice by as early as 2 wk postinfection, suggesting that estrogen may help facilitate MmuPV1 infection and/or establishment. Consistent with this, viral clearance was not observed in either wild-type or K17KO mice when treated with estrogen. Furthermore, neoplastic disease progression and cervical carcinogenesis were supported by the presence of K17 and exacerbated by estrogen treatment. Subsequent analyses indicated that estrogen treatment induces a systemic immunosuppressive state in MmuPV1-infected animals and that both estrogen and K17 modulate the local intratumoral immune microenvironment within MmuPV1-induced neoplastic lesions. Collectively, these findings suggest that estrogen and K17 act at multiple stages of papillomavirus-induced disease at least in part via immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Megan E. Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ali Pope
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Stephanie McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ella Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Ellery Gronski
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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Sun L, Schroeder MC, Hagemann IS, Pfeifer JD, Schwarz JK, Grigsby PW, Markovina S, Lin AJ. Expression of Potential Biomarker Targets by Immunohistochemistry in Cervical Carcinomas. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2022; 41:628-635. [PMID: 35067601 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There have been few clinically useful targetable biomarkers in uterine cervical carcinomas. Estrogen receptor (ER), HER2, and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) are potential therapeutic or theranostic targets in other gynecologic and genitourinary carcinoma types. We determined the immunohistochemical expression patterns of these markers in treatment-naive cervical carcinoma, and whether expression correlated with clinical outcomes after definitive chemoradiation therapy. Tissue microarrays were created from 71 patient samples taken before therapy (57 squamous cell carcinomas and 14 nonsquamous cell carcinomas) and stained for ER, HER2, and FAP. ER was positive in 25/70 cases (36%). Of 66 tumors with evaluable HER2 staining, only 1 had positive (3+) staining (3%, positive for HER2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization), and 1 had equivocal (2+) staining (negative for amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization). The remainder were negative for HER2 overexpression. FAP expression was widely variably in the tumor stroma. ER positivity and FAP expression did not correlate with cervical recurrence, pelvic recurrence, distant recurrence, or cancer death. In conclusion, HER2 amplification is very rare in nonmetastatic treatment-naive cervical carcinomas, but if present, could represent a target for antibody therapy. ER and FAP were expressed in a subset of tumors, but expression did not correlate with clinical outcomes. These immunohistochemical markers do not demonstrate prognostic significance in treatment-naive cervical cancer, but they may have utility in targeted therapy or imaging.
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Miller J, Dakic A, Spurgeon M, Saenz F, Kallakury B, Zhao B, Zhang J, Zhu J, Ma Q, Xu Y, Lambert P, Schlegel R, Riegel AT, Liu X. AIB1 is a novel target of the high-risk HPV E6 protein and a biomarker of cervical cancer progression. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3962-3977. [PMID: 35437795 PMCID: PMC9199254 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV-16, -18) are critical etiologic agents in human malignancy, most importantly in cervical cancer. These oncogenic viruses encode the E6 and E7 proteins that are uniformly retained and expressed in cervical cancers and required for maintenance of the tumorigenic phenotype. The E6 and E7 proteins were first identified as targeting the p53 and pRB tumor suppressor pathways, respectively, in host cells, thereby leading to disruption of cell cycle controls. In addition to p53 degradation, a number of other functions and critical targets for E6 have been described, including telomerase, Myc, PDZ-containing proteins, Akt, Wnt, mTORC1, as well as others. In this study, we identified Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 (AIB1) as a new E6 target. We first found that E6 and hTERT altered similar profiling of gene expression in human foreskin keratinocytes (HFK), independent of telomerase activity. Importantly, AIB1 was a common transcriptional target of both E6 and hTERT. We then verified that high-risk E6 but not low-risk E6 expression led to increases in AIB1 transcript levels by real-time RT-PCR, suggesting that AIB1 upregulation may play an important role in cancer development. Western blots demonstrated that AIB1 expression increased in HPV-16 E6 and E7 expressing (E6E7) immortalized foreskin and cervical keratinocytes, and in three of four common cervical cancer cell lines as well. Then, we evaluated the expression of AIB1 in human cervical lesions and invasive carcinoma using immunohistochemical staining. Strikingly, AIB1 showed positivity in the nucleus of cells in the immediate suprabasal epithelium, while nuclei of the basal epithelium were negative, as evident in the Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 (CIN1) samples. As the pathological grading of cervical lesions increased from CIN1, CIN2, CIN3 carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, AIB1 staining increased progressively, suggesting that AIB1 may serve as a novel histological biomarker for cervical cancer development. For cases of invasive cervical carcinoma, AIB1 staining was specific to cancerous lesions. Increased expression of AIB1 was also observed in transgenic mouse cervical neoplasia and cancer models induced by E6E7 and estrogen. Knockdown of AIB1 expression in E6E7 immortalized human cervical cells significantly abolished cell proliferation. Taken together, these data support AIB1 as a novel target of HPV E6 and a biomarker of cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Miller
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Megan Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Francisco Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Qin Ma
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of BioinformaticsThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Paul Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown University Medical SchoolWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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13
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Szlasa W, Janicka N, Sauer N, Michel O, Nowak B, Saczko J, Kulbacka J. Chemotherapy and Physical Therapeutics Modulate Antigens on Cancer Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889950. [PMID: 35874714 PMCID: PMC9299262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells possess specific properties, such as multidrug resistance or unlimited proliferation potential, due to the presence of specific proteins on their cell membranes. The release of proliferation-related proteins from the membrane can evoke a loss of adaptive ability in cancer cells and thus enhance the effects of anticancer therapy. The upregulation of cancer-specific membrane antigens results in a better outcome of immunotherapy. Moreover, cytotoxic T-cells may also become more effective when stimulated ex-vivo toward the anticancer response. Therefore, the modulation of membrane proteins may serve as an interesting attempt in anticancer therapy. The presence of membrane antigens relies on various physical factors such as temperature, exposure to radiation, or drugs. Therefore, changing the tumor microenvironment conditions may lead to cancer cells becoming sensitized to subsequent therapy. This paper focuses on the therapeutic approaches modulating membrane antigens and enzymes in anticancer therapy. It aims to analyze the possible methods for modulating the antigens, such as pharmacological treatment, electric field treatment, photodynamic reaction, treatment with magnetic field or X-ray radiation. Besides, an overview of the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on the immunophenotype of cancer cells is presented. Finally, the authors review the clinical trials that involved the modulation of cell immunophenotype in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Janicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Sauer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Small DNA tumor viruses and human cancer: Preclinical models of virus infection and disease. Tumour Virus Res 2022; 14:200239. [PMID: 35636683 PMCID: PMC9194455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumor viruses cause various human cancers that account for at least 15% of the global cancer burden. Among the currently identified human tumor viruses, two are small DNA tumor viruses: human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The study of small DNA tumor viruses (adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses) has facilitated several significant biological discoveries and established some of the first animal models of virus-associated cancers. The development and use of preclinical in vivo models to study HPVs and MCPyV and their role in human cancer is the focus of this review. Important considerations in the design of animal models of small DNA tumor virus infection and disease, including host range, cell tropism, choice of virus isolates, and the ability to recapitulate human disease, are presented. The types of infection-based and transgenic model strategies that are used to study HPVs and MCPyV, including their strengths and limitations, are also discussed. An overview of the current models that exist to study HPV and MCPyV infection and neoplastic disease are highlighted. These comparative models provide valuable platforms to study various aspects of virus-associated human disease and will continue to expand knowledge of human tumor viruses and their relationship with their hosts.
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15
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Hu J, Brendle SA, Li JJ, Walter V, Cladel NM, Cooper T, Shearer DA, Balogh KK, Christensen ND. Depo Medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) Promotes Papillomavirus Infections but Does Not Accelerate Disease Progression in the Anogenital Tract of a Mouse Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050980. [PMID: 35632722 PMCID: PMC9147738 DOI: 10.3390/v14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraceptives such as Depo-medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) are used by an estimated 34 million women worldwide. DMPA has been associated with increased risk of several viral infections including Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the current study, we used the mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) anogenital infection model to test two hypotheses: (1) contraceptives such as DMPA increase the susceptibility of the anogenital tract to viral infection and (2) long-term contraceptive administration induces more advanced disease at the anogenital tract. DMPA treatments of both athymic nude mice and heterozygous NU/J (Foxn1nu/+) but ovariectomized mice led to a significantly increased viral load at the anogenital tract, suggesting that endogenous sex hormones were involved in increased viral susceptibility by DMPA treatment. Consistent with previous reports, DMPA treatment suppressed host anti-viral activities at the lower genital tract. To test the impact of long-term contraceptive treatment on the MmuPV1-infected lower genital tract, we included two other treatments in addition to DMPA: 17β-estradiol and a non-hormone based contraceptive Cilostazol (CLZ, Pletal). Viral infections were monitored monthly up to nine months post infection by qPCR. The infected vaginal and anal tissues were harvested and further examined by histological, virological, and immunological analyses. Surprisingly, we did not detect a significantly higher grade of histology in animals in the long-term DMPA and 17β-estradiol treated groups when compared to the control groups in the athymic mice we tested. Therefore, although DMPA promotes initial papillomavirus infections in the lower genital tract, the chronic administration of DMPA does not promote cancer development in the infected tissues in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah A. Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jingwei J. Li
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy M. Cladel
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Debra A. Shearer
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karla K. Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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16
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Läsche M, Gallwas J, Gründker C. Like Brothers in Arms: How Hormonal Stimuli and Changes in the Metabolism Signaling Cooperate, Leading HPV Infection to Drive the Onset of Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5050. [PMID: 35563441 PMCID: PMC9103757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all precautionary actions and the possibility of using vaccinations to counteract infections caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), HPV-related cancers still account for approximately 5% of all carcinomas. Worldwide, many women are still excluded from adequate health care due to their social position and origin. Therefore, immense efforts in research and therapy are still required to counteract the challenges that this disease entails. The special thing about an HPV infection is that it is not only able to trick the immune system in a sophisticated way, but also, through genetic integration into the host genome, to use all the resources available to the host cells to complete the replication cycle of the virus without activating the alarm mechanisms of immune recognition and elimination. The mechanisms utilized by the virus are the metabolic, immune, and hormonal signaling pathways that it manipulates. Since the virus is dependent on replication enzymes of the host cells, it also intervenes in the cell cycle of the differentiating keratinocytes and shifts their terminal differentiation to the uppermost layers of the squamocolumnar transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix. The individual signaling pathways are closely related and equally important not only for the successful replication of the virus but also for the onset of cervical cancer. We will therefore analyze the effects of HPV infection on metabolic signaling, as well as changes in hormonal and immune signaling in the tumor and its microenvironment to understand how each level of signaling interacts to promote tumorigenesis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.L.); (J.G.)
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17
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Mitra S, Lami MS, Ghosh A, Das R, Tallei TE, Fatimawali, Islam F, Dhama K, Begum MY, Aldahish A, Chidambaram K, Emran TB. Hormonal Therapy for Gynecological Cancers: How Far Has Science Progressed toward Clinical Applications? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:759. [PMID: 35159024 PMCID: PMC8833573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, hormone therapy has been shown to be a remarkable treatment option for cancer. Hormone treatment for gynecological cancers involves the use of medications that reduce the level of hormones or inhibit their biological activity, thereby stopping or slowing cancer growth. Hormone treatment works by preventing hormones from causing cancer cells to multiply. Aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogens, progestin, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists, GnRH agonists, and progestogen are effectively used as therapeutics for vulvar cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Hormone replacement therapy has a high success rate. In particular, progestogen and estrogen replacement are associated with a decreased incidence of gynecological cancers in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The activation of estrogen via the transcriptional functionality of ERα may either be promoted or decreased by gene products of HPV. Hormonal treatment is frequently administered to patients with hormone-sensitive recurring or metastatic gynecologic malignancies, although response rates and therapeutic outcomes are inconsistent. Therefore, this review outlines the use of hormonal therapy for gynecological cancers and identifies the current knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.S.L.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Mashia Subha Lami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.S.L.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Avoy Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.S.L.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.S.L.); (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia;
- The University Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Conservation of Wallacea, Institute for Research and Community Services, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia;
| | - Fatimawali
- The University Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Conservation of Wallacea, Institute for Research and Community Services, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia;
- Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health of Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afaf Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (K.C.)
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (K.C.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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18
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Zhang L, Yu H, Deng T, Ling L, Wen J, Lv M, Ou R, Wang Q, Xu Y. FNDC3B and BPGM Are Involved in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Carcinogenesis of Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783868. [PMID: 34976823 PMCID: PMC8716600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated cervical carcinogenesis is a multistep progressing from persistent infection, precancerous lesion to cervical cancer (CCa). Although molecular alterations driven by viral oncoproteins are necessary in cervical carcinogenesis, the key regulators behind the multistep process remain not well understood. It is pivotal to identify the key genes involved in the process for early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Here we analyzed the mRNA expression profiles in cervical samples including normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and CCa. A co-expression network was constructed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to reveal the crucial modules in the dynamic process from HPV infection to CCa development. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could distinguish all stages of progression of CCa were screened. The key genes involved in HPV-CCa were identified. It was found that the genes involved in DNA replication/repair and cell cycle were upregulated in CIN compared with normal control, and sustained in CCa, accompanied by substantial metabolic shifts. We found that upregulated fibronectin type III domain-containing 3B (FNDC3B) and downregulated bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) could differentiate all stages of CCa progression. In patients with CCa, a higher expression of FNDC3B or lower expression of BPGM was closely correlated with a shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of CIN and CCa showed that FNDC3B had the highest sensitivity and specificity for predicting CCa development. Taken together, the current data showed that FNDC3B and BPGM were key genes involved in HPV-mediated transformation from normal epithelium to precancerous lesions and CCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tian Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Stomatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfen Lv
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaozhi Wang, ; Yunsheng Xu,
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Dermatovenerology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaozhi Wang, ; Yunsheng Xu,
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19
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Drake V, Bigelow E, Fakhry C, Windon M, Rooper LM, Ha P, Miles B, Gourin C, Mandal R, Mydlarz W, London N, Vosler PS, Yavvari S, Troy T, Waterboer T, Eisele DW, D'Souza G. Biologic and behavioral associations of estrogen receptor alpha positivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2021; 121:105461. [PMID: 34304004 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor HPV status is an established independent prognostic marker for oropharynx cancer (OPC). Recent studies have reported that tumor estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positivity is also associated with prognosis independent of HPV. Little is known about the biologic and behavioral predictors of ERα positivity in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). We therefore explored this in a multicenter prospective cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants with HNSCC completed a survey and provided a blood sample. Tumor samples were tested for ERα using immunohistochemistry. ERα positivity was defined as ≥1%, standardized by the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists in breast cancer. Characteristics were compared with χ2 and Fisher's exact test. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 318 patients with HNSCC, one third had ERα positive tumors (36.2%, n = 115). Odds of ERα expression were significantly increased in those with HPV-positive tumors (OR = 27.5, 95% confidence interval[CI] 12.1-62), smaller tumors (≤T2, OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-7.1), male sex (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.6), overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25, OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.3), and those married/living with a partner (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-3.0). In a multivariate model, HPV-positivity (aOR = 27.5, 95% CI 11.4-66) and small tumor size (≤T2, aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.8) remained independently associated with ERα status. When restricted to OPC (n = 180), tumor HPV status (aOR = 17.1, 95% CI 2.1-137) and small tumor size (≤T2, aOR = 4.0 95% CI 1.4-11.3) remained independently associated with ERα expression. CONCLUSION Tumor HPV status and small tumor size are independently associated with ERα expression in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Drake
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elaine Bigelow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melina Windon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M Rooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patrick Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Brett Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Christine Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rajarsi Mandal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wojciech Mydlarz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nyall London
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter S Vosler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Siddhartha Yavvari
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tanya Troy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David W Eisele
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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20
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Wang C, Zhang T, Wang K, Zhang S, Sun Q, Yang X. ER-α36 Promotes the Malignant Progression of Cervical Cancer Mediated by Estrogen via HMGA2. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712849. [PMID: 34336701 PMCID: PMC8317436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Estrogen is proven to promote the malignant behaviors of many cancers via its receptors. Estrogen receptor alfa 36 (ER-α36) is a newly identified isoform of estrogen receptor alfa (ER-α), the role of ER-α36 in regulating the effects of estrogen and its potential impact on human cervical cancer is poorly understood. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate the expression of ER-α36, estrogen receptor alfa 66 (ER-α66) and their prognostic values in cervical cancer. The effects of ER-α36 and ER-α66 on the proliferation and metastasis of cervical cancer were measured in vitro. A xenograft tumor assay was used to study the tumorigenesis role of ER-α36 in vivo. Furthermore, the functional gene at the downstream of ER-α36 was obtained via next-generation sequencing, and the biological functions of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in cervical cancer cells were investigated in vitro. Results ER-α36 was over-expressed in cervical cancer tissues and elevated ER-α36 expression was associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. High expression of ER-α36 promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cervical cancer cells mediated by estrogen, while silencing ER-α36 had the opposite effects. Further research showed that HMGA2 was a downstream target of ER-α36 in cervical cancer cells. The oncogenic effect of ER-α36 was attenuated after HMGA2 knockdown. Conclusions High expression of ER-α36 was correlated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer by regulating HMGA2. ER-α36 could be a prognostic biomarker and a target for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Functional roles of female sex hormones and their nuclear receptors in cervical cancer. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:941-950. [PMID: 34156060 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been little progress for several decades in modalities to treat cervical cancer. While the cervix is a hormone-sensitive tissue, physiologic roles of estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and their ligands in this tissue are poorly understood. It has hampered critical assessments of data in early epidemiologic and clinical studies for cervical cancer. Experimental evidence obtained from studies using mouse models has provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of ERα and PR in cervical cancer. In a mouse model expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, exogenous estrogen promotes cervical cancer through stromal ERα. In the same mouse model, genetic ablation of PR promotes cervical carcinogenesis without exogenous estrogen. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, a PR-activating drug, regresses cervical cancer in the mouse model. These results support that ERα and PR play opposite roles in cervical cancer. They further support that ERα inhibition and PR activation may be translated into valuable treatment for a subset of cervical cancers.
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22
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Ramachandran B, Murhekar K, Sundersingh S. SERMs suppresses the growth of ERα positive cervical cancer xenografts through predominant inhibition of extra-nuclear ERα expression. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3335-3353. [PMID: 34249466 PMCID: PMC8263693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogens and estrogen receptors (ER) in cervical cancer (CC) is not well established. However, epidemiological studies and abundant evidence from genetically engineered mouse models support such hypothesis. In this study, we have addressed estrogen responsiveness in a human CC cell line xenograft mouse model. We assessed the sensitivity of Ethynyl Estradiol (EE), SERMs (fulvestrant, MPP) and a non-SERM (EGCG) to competitively modulate the growth of ERα+ve MS751 CC xenografts. We also checked the agonistic-antagonistic propensity of the above treatments to alter the histology of ovariectomised mouse uterine cervix. Chronic EE treatment encouraged the growth of ERα+ve MS751 CC xenografts, while SERMs and EGCG significantly decreased tumor formation. SERMs were found to inhibit ERα expression, localized within cytoplasmic and membrane compartments. Conversely, ERα was not inducible and EE administration suppressed the growth of ERα-ve HeLa CC xenografts. SERMs competitively induced atrophic features to uterine cervix, with MPP giving rise to mucinous metaplasia in the ectocervix. We have demonstrated that, estrogen sensitivity mediated through ERα has promoted CC tumorigenesis. This in turn was modulated by SERMs, predominantly through inhibition of extra-nuclear ERα expression. Though, induction of hyper-estrogenic status in the ectocervix, might underrate the utility of SERMs in ERα+ve CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A)No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Kanchan Murhekar
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A)No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Shirley Sundersingh
- Department of Oncopathology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A)No. 38, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600 036, India
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23
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R S J. The Immune Microenvironment in Human Papilloma Virus-Induced Cervical Lesions-Evidence for Estrogen as an Immunomodulator. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:649815. [PMID: 33996630 PMCID: PMC8120286 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.649815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted disease. However, most of the HPV infections eventually resolve aided by the body’s efficient cell-mediated immune responses. In the vast majority of the small group of patients who develop overt disease too, it is the immune response that culminates in regression of lesions. It is therefore a rarity that persistent infection by high-risk genotypes of HPV compounded by other risk factors progresses through precancer (various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia—CIN) to cervical cancer (CxCa). Hence, although CxCa is a rare culmination of HPV infection, the latter is nevertheless causally linked to >90% of cancer. The three ‘Es’ of cancer immunoediting viz. elimination, equilibrium, and escape come into vogue during the gradual evolution of CIN 1 to CxCa. Both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms operate to eliminate virally infected cells: cell-extrinsic players are anti-tumor/antiviral effectors like Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer cells, etc. and pro-tumorigenic/immunosuppressive cells like regulatory T cells (Tregs), Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), type 2 macrophages, etc. And accordingly, when immunosuppressive cells overpower the effectors e.g., in high-grade lesions like CIN 2 or 3, the scale is tilted towards immune escape and the disease progresses to cancer. Estradiol has long been considered as a co-factor in cervical carcinogenesis. In addition to the gonads, the Peyer’s patches in the gut synthesize estradiol. Over and above local production of the hormone in the tissues, estradiol metabolism by the gut microbiome: estrobolome versus tryptophan non-metabolizing microbiome, regulates free estradiol levels in the intestine and extraintestinal mucosal sites. Elevated tissue levels of the hormone serve more than one purpose: besides a direct growth-promoting action on cervical epithelial cells, estradiol acting genomically via Estrogen Receptor-α also boosts the function of the stromal and infiltrating immunosuppressive cells viz. Tregs, MDSCs, and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Hence as a corollary, therapeutic repurposing of Selective Estrogen Receptor Disruptors or aromatase inhibitors could be useful for modulating immune function in cervical precancer/cancer. The immunomodulatory role of estradiol in HPV-mediated cervical lesions is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree R S
- Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
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24
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De Nola R, Loizzi V, Cicinelli E, Cormio G. Dynamic crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment of uterine cervical carcinoma: baseline network, iatrogenic alterations, and translational implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 162:103343. [PMID: 33930531 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent gynecological tumor worldwide. The tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer is the result of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection together with stromal activation of estrogen receptor alpha and the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory activity of immune cells, mainly T-helper 17 cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Therapeutic management (e.g., immunotherapy, especially in advanced cases) may be influenced by the translational implications of tumoral stroma crosstalk and an abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment. The prognosis of cervical cancer is inversely correlated with microvessel density, making anti-angiogenic strategies with agents such as bevacizumab crucial for improving both progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced and recurrent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba De Nola
- Department of Tissues and Organs Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, D.E.O.T., University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11-Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11-Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy; Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70142, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11-Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11-Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11-Policlinico, 70124, Bari, Italy; Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70142, Bari, Italy
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25
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Kumagai K, Takanashi M, Ohno SI, Harada Y, Fujita K, Oikawa K, Sudo K, Ikeda SI, Nishi H, Oikawa K, Kuroda M. WAPL induces cervical intraepithelial neoplasia modulated with estrogen signaling without HPV E6/E7. Oncogene 2021; 40:3695-3706. [PMID: 33947962 PMCID: PMC8154587 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since cervical cancer still afflicts women around the world, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanism of cervical cancer development. Infection with HPV is essential for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In addition, estrogen receptor signaling is implicated in the development of cervical cancer. Previously, we have isolated human wings apart-like (WAPL), which is expected to cause chromosomal instability in the process of HPV-infected precancerous lesions to cervical cancer. However, the role of WAPL in the development of CIN is still unknown. In this study, in order to elucidate the role of WAPL in the early lesion, we established WAPL overexpressing mice (WAPL Tg mice) and HPV E6/E7 knock-in (KI) mice. WAPL Tg mice developed CIN lesion without HPV E6/E7. Interestingly, in WAPL Tg mice estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) showed reduction as compared with the wild type, but cell growth factors MYC and Cyclin D1 controlled by ESR1 expressed at high levels. These results suggested that WAPL facilitates sensitivity of ESR1 mediated by some kind of molecule, and as a result, affects the expression of MYC and Cyclin D1 in cervical cancer cells. To detect such molecules, we performed microarray analysis of the uterine cervix in WAPL Tg mice, and focused MACROD1, a co-activator of ESR1. MACROD1 expression was increased in WAPL Tg mice compared with the wild type. In addition, knockdown of WAPL induced the downregulation of MACROD1, MYC, and Cyclin D1 but not ESR1 expression. Furthermore, ESR1 sensitivity assay showed lower activity in WAPL or MACROD1 downregulated cells than control cells. These data suggested that WAPL increases ESR1 sensitivity by activating MACROD1, and induces the expression of MYC and Cyclin D1. Therefore, we concluded that WAPL not only induces chromosomal instability in cervical cancer tumorigenesis, but also plays a key role in activating estrogen receptor signaling in early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Kumagai
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Pre-clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Takanashi
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Ohno
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Harada
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiki Oikawa
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Pre-clinical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kohseichuo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Oikawa
- grid.412857.d0000 0004 1763 1087Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- grid.410793.80000 0001 0663 3325Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Kwon TW, Moon SJ, Lee CH, Lee DY. Systems Pharmacology Study of the Anticervical Cancer Mechanisms of FDY003. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20977364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing data support that herbal medicines are beneficial in the treatment of cervical cancer; however, their mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we used a systems pharmacology approach to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of FDY003, an anticancer herbal formula comprising Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, and Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link, in the treatment of cervical cancer. Through the pharmacokinetic assessment of absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion characteristics, we found 18 active compounds that might interact with 106 cervical cancer-related targets responsible for the pharmacological effects. FDY003 targets were significantly associated with gene ontology terms related to the regulation of cellular behaviors, including cell proliferation, cell cycle processes, cell migration, cell apoptosis, cell death, and angiogenesis. The therapeutic targets of the herbal drug were further enriched in various oncogenic pathways that are implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of cervical cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, focal adhesion, human papillomavirus infection, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways. Our study provides a systematic approach to explore the anticancer properties of herbal medicines against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungrae Kang
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- Forestheal Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kwon
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chol Hee Lee
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Andreeva OV, Garifullin BF, Sharipova RR, Strobykina IY, Sapunova AS, Voloshina AD, Belenok MG, Dobrynin AB, Khabibulina LR, Kataev VE. Glycosides and Glycoconjugates of the Diterpenoid Isosteviol with a 1,2,3-Triazolyl Moiety: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2367-2380. [PMID: 32786882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several glycoconjugates of the diterpenoid isosteviol (16-oxo-ent-beyeran-19-oic acid) with a 1,2,3-triazolyl moiety were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against some human cancer and normal cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated weak inhibitory activities against the M-HeLa and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. Three lead compounds, 54, 56 and 57, exhibited high selective cytotoxic activity against M-HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.7-1.9 μM) that corresponded to the activity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 3.0 μM). Moreover, the lead compounds were not cytotoxic with respect to a Chang liver human normal cell line (IC50 > 100 μM), whereas doxorubicin was cytotoxic to this cell line (IC50 = 3.0 μM). It was found that cytotoxic activity of the lead compounds is due to induction of apoptosis proceeding along the mitochondrial pathway. The present findings suggest that 1,2,3-triazolyl-ring-containing glycoconjugates of isosteviol are a promising scaffold for the design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Andreeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Bulat F Garifullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Radmila R Sharipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Strobykina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Mayya G Belenok
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey B Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Leysan R Khabibulina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir E Kataev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Street, 8, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
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28
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Zheng HX, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhu JJ, Fan YF, Lin N. Long-time qingyan formula extract treatment exerts estrogenic activities on reproductive tissues without side effects in ovariectomized rats and via active ER to ERE-independent gene regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4032-4049. [PMID: 31219800 PMCID: PMC6628985 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive tissues are negatively influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy. Qingyan formula ethanol extract (QYFE)’s estrogenic effects and safety on reproductive tissues after long-term administration and its mechanism via estrogen receptor (ER) pathway haven’t been studied. Here, we characterized its estrogenic effects using ovariectomized rats together with in vitro studies for further molecular characterization. Ovariectomized rats were treated with QYFE at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8g/kg for 12 weeks. The results showed QYFE has a potent estrogenic activity, as indicated by restoring the disappeared estrous cycle, antagonizing the atrophy of uterus, vagina and mammary gland, and the estrogen decline in circulation caused by ovariectomy. In addition, QYFE upregulated ERα and ERβ expressions and had a less stimulatory effect on PCNA and ki-67 antigen in reproductive tissues compared with estradiol valerate. QYFE components can bind to ERα and ERβ, significantly increased ERα/β-ERE luciferase reporter gene expression, upregulated the expressions of ERs, PR and pS2 in MCF-7 cells at protein and gene level. All these activities were significantly inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182,780. QYFE’s estrogenic activity maybe mediated by stimulating biosynthesis of estrogen and increasing the quantity of ERs in target tissue and via active ER to ERE-independent gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Fan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Spurgeon ME, Lambert PF. Mus musculus Papillomavirus 1: a New Frontier in Animal Models of Papillomavirus Pathogenesis. J Virol 2020; 94:e00002-20. [PMID: 32051276 PMCID: PMC7163119 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00002-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their widespread sexual transmission and oncogenic potential. Infection-based models of papillomavirus pathogenesis have been complicated by their strict species and tissue specificity. In this Gem, we discuss the discovery of a murine papillomavirus, Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1), and how its experimental use represents a major advancement in models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis/carcinogenesis, and their transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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30
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Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Prevention of Cervical Cancer through Progesterone Receptor in a Human Papillomavirus Transgenic Mouse Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2459-2468. [PMID: 31732107 PMCID: PMC7013277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervical dysplastic lesions called cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) need be treated to prevent cervical cancer. Currently available surgical procedures are effective, but the development of noninvasive treatment is warranted. In human papillomavirus transgenic mice engineered to express human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7, short-term treatment with 17β-estradiol induces CINs that progress to cervical cancer if the treatment is continued. In the present study, this mouse model was used to determine whether medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a progestin drug, is chemopreventive. Human papillomavirus transgenic mice bearing CIN lesions were treated with MPA plus 17β-estradiol. Unlike control mice treated with 17β-estradiol alone, cervical cancer was absent in the MPA-treated mice. This observation suggests that MPA prevented CIN from progressing to invasive cancer. MPA was associated with inhibited cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis in CIN lesions. Confirming the role of the progesterone receptor, the preventive effect of MPA was absent in human papillomavirus transgenic mice in which the expression of progesterone receptor was genetically ablated. These results suggest that MPA is efficient in treating progesterone receptor–positive CIN lesions. These findings provide the basis for a biomarker-driven clinical trial of the secondary prevention of cervical cancer.
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31
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Kozasa K, Mabuchi S, Matsumoto Y, Kuroda H, Yokoi E, Komura N, Kawano M, Takahashi R, Sasano T, Shimura K, Kodama M, Hashimoto K, Sawada K, Nagasaka K, Kimura T. Estrogen stimulates female cancer progression by inducing myeloid-derived suppressive cells: investigations on pregnant and non-pregnant experimental models. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1887-1902. [PMID: 30956772 PMCID: PMC6443012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical implications of 17β-estradiol (E2) in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative female cancer progression as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. Methods Clinical data from 306 locally-advanced cervical cancer (stage IIB-IVA) patients were analyzed in order to investigate the relationships between age, serum E2 levels, and treatment outcomes. Clinical samples, ERα-negative cervical and breast cancer cell lines, and mouse xenograft models of cervical and breast cancers were employed in order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the E2- and pregnancy-mediated progression of cervical and breast cancers, with a focus on the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Results Younger patients with elevated E2 levels showed significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.040) and overall survival (P = 0.039). The exogenous E2 treatment stimulated the mobilization of MDSC from bone marrow and directly augmented their suppressive activities, leading to the progression of ERα-negative cervical and breast cancers. The co-administration of an anti-Gr-1 neutralizing antibody with E2 prevented the E2-mediated induction of MDSC, and attenuated E2-mediated tumor growth in cervical and breast cancer xenografts. Significantly increased MDSC numbers and enhanced tumor growth were observed during pregnancy in mice with cervical or breast cancer. Significantly increased MDSC numbers were also observed during pregnancy in cervical cancer patients. Conclusions E2 facilitates the progression of ERα-negative cervical or breast cancer under non-pregnant and pregnant conditions by inducing MDSC. MDSC inhibition therapy may have therapeutic efficacy in premenopausal or pregnant female cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Kozasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mahiru Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sasano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Kodama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Spurgeon ME, Uberoi A, McGregor SM, Wei T, Ward-Shaw E, Lambert PF. A Novel In Vivo Infection Model To Study Papillomavirus-Mediated Disease of the Female Reproductive Tract. mBio 2019; 10:e00180-19. [PMID: 30837335 PMCID: PMC6401479 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00180-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses exhibit species-specific tropism, thereby limiting understanding and research of several aspects of HPV infection and carcinogenesis. The discovery of a murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) provides the opportunity to study papillomavirus infections in a tractable, in vivo laboratory model. MmuPV1 infects and causes disease in the cutaneous epithelium, as well as the mucosal epithelia of the oral cavity and anogenital tract. In this report, we describe a murine model of MmuPV1 infection and neoplastic disease in the female reproductive tracts of wild-type immunocompetent FVB mice. Low-grade dysplastic lesions developed in reproductive tracts of FVB mice infected with MmuPV1 for 4 months, and mice infected for 6 months developed significantly worse disease, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We also tested the contribution of estrogen and/or UV radiation (UVR), two cofactors we previously identified as being involved in papillomavirus-mediated disease, to cervicovaginal disease. Similar to HPV16 transgenic mice, exogenous estrogen treatment induced high-grade precancerous lesions in the reproductive tracts of MmuPV1-infected mice by 4 months and together with MmuPV1 efficiently induced SCC by 6 months. UV radiation and exogenous estrogen cooperated to promote carcinogenesis in MmuPV1-infected mice. This murine infection model represents the first instance of de novo papillomavirus-mediated carcinogenesis in the female reproductive tract of wild-type mice resulting from active virus infection and is also the first report of the female hormone estrogen contributing to this process. This model will provide an additional platform for fundamental studies on papillomavirus infection, cervicovaginal disease, and the role of cellular cofactors during papillomavirus-induced carcinogenesis.IMPORTANCE Tractable and efficient models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis are limited due to the strict species-specific and tissue-specific tropism of these viruses. Here, we report a novel preclinical murine model of papillomavirus-induced cervicovaginal disease in wild-type, immunocompetent mice using the recently discovered murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1. In this model, MmuPV1 establishes persistent viral infections in the mucosal epithelia of the female reproductive tract, a necessary component needed to accurately mimic HPV-mediated neoplastic disease in humans. Persistent MmuPV1 infections were able to induce progressive neoplastic disease and carcinogenesis, either alone or in combination with previously identified cofactors of papillomavirus-induced disease. This new model will provide a much-needed platform for basic and translational studies on both papillomavirus infection and associated disease in immunocompetent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aayushi Uberoi
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephanie M McGregor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tao Wei
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ella Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Natural Compound Modulates the Cervical Cancer Microenvironment-A Pharmacophore Guided Molecular Modelling Approaches. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120551. [PMID: 30558287 PMCID: PMC6306730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is regarded as one of the major burdens noticed in women next to breast cancer. Although, human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are regarded as the principal causative agents, they require certain other factors such as oestrogen hormone to induce cervical cancer. Aromatase is an enzyme that converts androgens into oestrogens and hindering this enzyme could subsequently hamper the formation of oestrogen thereby alleviating the disease. Accordingly, in the current investigation, a structure based pharmacophore was generated considering two proteins bearing the Protein Data Bank (PDB) codes 3EQM (pharm 1) and 3S7S (pharm 2), respectively. The two models were employed as the 3D query to screen the in-house built natural compounds database. The obtained 51 compounds were escalated to molecular docking studies to decipher on the binding affinities and to predict the quintessential binding modes which were affirmed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The compound has induced dose-dependent down regulation of PP2B, Nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) genes in the HeLa cells and has modulated the expression of apoptotic genes such as Bax, Bcl2, and caspases-3 at different concentrations. These results guide us to comprehend that the identified aromatase inhibitor was effective against the cervical cancer cells and additionally could server as scaffolds in designing new drugs.
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Hsieh CJ, Hong MK, Chen PC, Wang JH, Chu TY. Antiestrogen use reduces risk of cervical neoplasia in breast cancer patients: a population-based study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29361-29369. [PMID: 27801672 PMCID: PMC5438736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has been proven to be a necessity for cervical carcinogenesis by transgenic mice studies. To determine whether long-term antiestrogens use could reduce the incidence of cervical neoplasia, a population-based cohort of 42,940 breast cancer patients with and without antiestrogen therapy were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. All patients were followed for the most severe form of cervical neoplasia or until death. Their risks of cervical neoplasia were compared with Cox regression analysis and adjusted for age, Pap smear density and chemotherapy. Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-included antiestrogen users consistently exhibited a lower risk of low-grade cervical dysplasia [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.64, P < 0.0001] in the five-year follow-up analysis and in subgroup of regular Pap screenings (HR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.50, P < 0.0001). A lower 10-year incidence of high-grade cervical dysplasia was also noted in the regular-screening group (HR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.90; P = 0.0212), especially in the ≥ 50 years old group (HR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.80; P = 0.014). The protection effect of Tamoxifen-only use for low-grade cervical dysplasia was only found in the young-age, regular-screening group (HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.93; P = 0.0167). In short, long-term use of AI-included antiestrogen conferred a lower risk of cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mun-Kun Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tang-Yuan Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor in Tumor Stroma Predicts Favorable Prognosis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1247-1255. [PMID: 28472813 PMCID: PMC5499963 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor B (PRB) in the stroma and carcinoma tissues of cervical cancer and their relationship to clinical characteristics and the status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. METHODS Expressional levels of ERα and PRB in tissue blocks of 95 cervical carcinomas were independently scored by 2 pathologists. Human papillomavirus DNA, viral load, and genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Clinical characteristics were reviewed from chart and cancer registry. RESULTS Estrogen receptor α and PRB were mainly expressed in the stroma but not in the carcinoma tissues of the cervical cancer, and their expressions were highly correlated. More stromal ERαs were found in early-stage tumors than in advanced-stage tumors. Greater stromal expressions of ERα and PRB were associated with a more favorable prognosis (P = 0.018 and P = 0.004, respectively). The expressions were not related to the differentiation of cancer, the status of HPV infection, the HPV load, or the genotype. In multivariate analysis, stromal ERα and PRB expressions were independently associated with a lower risk of mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios of mortality for low and high expressions of ERα were 0.19 (95% confidential interval [95% CI], 0.04-0.87) and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.03-0.81), respectively, whereas for low and high expressions of PRB hazard ratios were 0.46 (95% CI, 0.19-1.16) and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.06-0.96), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that stromal ERα and PRB expressions are independent prognostic indicators of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
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Ruutu M, Rautava J, Turunen A, Tirri T, Syrjänen S. 17β-estradiol and progesterone effect on human papillomavirus 16 positive cells grown as spheroid co-cultures. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:235-244. [PMID: 28983728 PMCID: PMC5809654 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the key epidemiologic factor of cervical cancer, but additional cofactors are mandatory. Estrogen has been considered as one of those. Here, the aim was to study the effects of steroid hormones on HPV16 E6-E7, estradiol receptors ERα and ERβ, and progesterone receptor (PR) in HPV16-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines SiHa and CaSki grown as epithelial and fibroblast spheroid co-cultures. The spheroid co-cultures were exposured to 17β-estradiol or progesterone from day 7 onwards. mRNA levels of HPV16 E6-E7, ERα, ERβ and PR normalized against GAPDH were analyzed with quantitative reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR). 17β-estradiol and progesterone decreased HPV16 E6-E7 mRNA expression in CaSki and increased in SiHA co-cultures. In CaSki co-cultures, ERβ expression was blocked after 17β-estradiol exposure while in SiHa cells it slightly increased ERβ expression. PR expression was seen only in CaSki spheroids and it vanished after exposure to steroid hormones. Fibroblasts expressed all three hormone receptors as monolayers but ERβ expression decreased and ERα and PR vanished after co-culturing. Cell culturing platform changes both oncogene and hormone receptor expression in HPV16 positive cervical cancer cell lines. This needs to be considered when in vitro results are extrapolated to in vivo situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Ruutu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Dermcare-Vet Pty Ltd, 7 Centenary Road, Slacks Creek, QLD, 4127, Australia
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Aaro Turunen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Tirri
- Biomaterials Research and Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry and MediCity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Genetically engineered mice (GEMs) have provided valuable insights into the carcinogenic properties of various human tumor viruses, which, in aggregate, are etiologically associated with over 15% of all human cancers. This review provides an overview of seminal discoveries made through the use of GEM models for human DNA tumor viruses. Emphasis is placed on the discoveries made in the study of human papillomaviruses, Merkel cell carcinoma-associated polyomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, because GEMs have contributed extensively to our understanding of how these DNA tumor viruses directly contribute to human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705;
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Spurgeon ME, den Boon JA, Horswill M, Barthakur S, Forouzan O, Rader JS, Beebe DJ, Roopra A, Ahlquist P, Lambert PF. Human papillomavirus oncogenes reprogram the cervical cancer microenvironment independently of and synergistically with estrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9076-E9085. [PMID: 29073104 PMCID: PMC5664542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712018114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect epithelial cells and are causally associated with cervical cancer, but HPV infection is not sufficient for carcinogenesis. Previously, we reported that estrogen signaling in the stromal tumor microenvironment is associated with cervical cancer maintenance and progression. We have now determined how HPV oncogenes and estrogen treatment affect genome-wide host gene expression in laser-captured regions of the cervical epithelium and stroma of untreated or estrogen-treated nontransgenic and HPV-transgenic mice. HPV oncogene expression in the cervical epithelium elicited significant gene-expression changes in the proximal stromal compartment, and estrogen treatment uniquely affected gene expression in the cervical microenvironment of HPV-transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic mice. Several potential estrogen-induced paracrine-acting factors were identified in the expression profile of the cervical tumor microenvironment. The microenvironment of estrogen-treated HPV-transgenic mice was significantly enriched for chemokine/cytokine activity and inflammatory and immune functions associated with carcinogenesis. This inflammatory signature included several proangiogenic CXCR2 receptor ligands. A subset of the same CXCR2 ligands was likewise increased in cocultures of early-passage cells from human cervical samples, with levels highest in cocultures of cervical fibroblasts and cancer-derived epithelial cells. Our studies demonstrate that high-risk HPV oncogenes profoundly reprogram the tumor microenvironment independently of and synergistically with estrogen. These observations illuminate important means by which HPVs can cause cancer through alterations in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Johan A den Boon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Mark Horswill
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Sonalee Barthakur
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706;
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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LKB1 as a Tumor Suppressor in Uterine Cancer: Mouse Models and Translational Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:211-241. [PMID: 27910069 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The LKB1 tumor suppressor was identified in 1998 as the gene mutated in the Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS), a hereditary cancer predisposition characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis and a high incidence of cancers, particularly carcinomas, at a variety of anatomic sites including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and female reproductive tract. Women with PJS have a high incidence of carcinomas of the uterine corpus (endometrium) and cervix. The LKB1 gene is also somatically mutated in human cancers arising at these sites. Work in mouse models has highlighted the potency of LKB1 as an endometrial tumor suppressor and its distinctive roles in driving invasive and metastatic growth. These in vivo models represent tractable experimental systems for the discovery of underlying biological principles and molecular processes regulated by LKB1 in the context of tumorigenesis and also serve as useful preclinical model systems for experimental therapeutics. Here we review LKB1's known roles in mTOR signaling, metabolism, and cell polarity, with an emphasis on human pathology and mouse models relevant to uterine carcinogenesis, including cancers of the uterine corpus and cervix.
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Human Papillomavirus and the Stroma: Bidirectional Crosstalk during the Virus Life Cycle and Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080219. [PMID: 28792475 PMCID: PMC5580476 DOI: 10.3390/v9080219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) tumor viruses that are causally associated with human cancers of the anogenital tract, skin, and oral cavity. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, HPVs remain a major global health issue due to inadequate vaccine availability and vaccination coverage. The HPV life cycle is established and completed in the terminally differentiating stratified epithelia, and decades of research using in vitro organotypic raft cultures and in vivo genetically engineered mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the interactions between HPVs and the epithelium. More recently, important and emerging roles for the underlying stroma, or microenvironment, during the HPV life cycle and HPV-induced disease have become clear. This review discusses the current understanding of the bidirectional communication and relationship between HPV-infected epithelia and the surrounding microenvironment. As is the case with other human cancers, evidence suggests that the stroma functions as a significant partner in tumorigenesis and helps facilitate the oncogenic potential of HPVs in the stratified epithelium.
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Impact of Ospemifene on Quality of Life and Sexual Function in Young Survivors of Cervical Cancer: A Prospective Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7513610. [PMID: 28781968 PMCID: PMC5525090 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7513610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CC) treatments impact quality of life (QoL) and sexual function (SF) of survivors. Treatment options to reduce sexual dysfunction are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ospemifene in CC survivors with clinical signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) focusing on their QoL and SF. Materials and Methods Fifty-two patients with previous diagnosis of stage I-IIa CC suffering from VVA and treated with ospemifene were enrolled into a single arm prospective study. Patient underwent 6 months of therapy. At baseline and after 6 months all subjects performed Vaginal Health Index (VHI). The SF and QoL were measured by The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) and the Cervical Cancer Module (CXC-24). Results After treatment a significant improvement of each parameter of VHI has been demonstrated. Global health status and emotional and social functioning scores improved significantly. On the contrary, general symptoms scales did not show significant difference from baseline data. Sexual activity, sexual vaginal functioning, body image, and sexual enjoyment scores increased significantly. Conclusion Ospemifene seems to be effective in decreasing the VVA symptoms in CC survivors.
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Osman MH, Farrag E, Selim M, Osman MS, Hasanine A, Selim A. Cardiac glycosides use and the risk and mortality of cancer; systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178611. [PMID: 28591151 PMCID: PMC5462396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac glycosides (CGs) including digitalis, digoxin and digitoxin are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Pre-clinical studies have investigated the anti-neoplastic properties of CGs since 1960s. Epidemiological studies concerning the association between CGs use and cancer risk yielded inconsistent results. We have performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the effects of CGs on cancer risk and mortality. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, Medline and Web of Knowledge were searched for identifying relevant studies. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects model. RESULTS We included 14 case-control studies and 15 cohort studies published between 1976 and 2016 including 13 cancer types. Twenty-four studies reported the association between CGs and cancer risk and six reported the association between CGs and mortality of cancer patients. Using CGs was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.330, 95% CI: 1.247-1.419). Subgroup analysis showed that using CGs increased the risk of ER+ve breast cancer but not ER-ve. Using CGs wasn't associated with prostate cancer risk (RR = 1.015, 95% CI: 0.868-1.87). However, CGs decreased the risk in long term users and showed a protective role in decreasing the risk of advanced stages. CGs use was associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.248-1.46) but not cancer-specific mortality (HR = 1.075, 95% CI: 0.968-1.194). CONCLUSION The anti-tumor activity of CGs observed in pre-clinical studies requires high concentrations which can't be normally tolerated in humans. However, the estrogen-like activity of CGs could be responsible for increasing the risk of certain types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Farrag
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mai Selim
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Arwa Hasanine
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Azza Selim
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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ER-α36 mediates estrogen-stimulated MAPK/ERK activation and regulates migration, invasion, proliferation in cervical cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:625-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ramachandran B. Functional association of oestrogen receptors with HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R99-R108. [PMID: 28283546 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Repeated parity and usage of oral contraceptives have demonstrated an increased risk of cervical cancer (CC) in HPV-infected women. These lifestyle observations raise the likelihood that oestrogens and HPV infection might act synergistically to affect cancers of the cervix. In vivo studies have indicated the requirement of oestrogens and ERα in the development of atypical squamous metaplasia followed by cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, II and III. CIN II and III are precancerous cervical lesions that can progress over time to CC as an invasive carcinoma. Recently, there has been evidence suggesting that ERα signalling in the tumour epithelium is a preliminary requisite during cancer initiation that is subsequently lost during tumorigenic progression. Conversely, continued expression of stromal ERα gains control over tumour maintenance. This review summarises the current information on the association between oestrogens and HPV infection in contributing to CC and the possibility of SERMs as a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular OncologyCancer Institute (W.I.A.), Adyar, Chennai, India
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Mehta FF, Baik S, Chung SH. Recurrence of cervical cancer and its resistance to progestin therapy in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:2372-2380. [PMID: 27911853 PMCID: PMC5356807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using K14E6/K14E7 transgenic mice expressing E6 and E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) have demonstrated that estrogen (E2) is required for the genesis and growth of cervical cancer. Our prior study using the same mouse model has showed that progestin drug medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) promotes regression of primary cervical cancer. In the present study, we use the same transgenic mouse model to determine whether the cancer recurs after MPA therapy. Cervical cancer recurred even if MPA treatment was continued. Unlike primary cervical cancer, the cancer recurred even in the absence of exogenous E2 when MPA treatment was ceased. Furthermore, recurrent cervical cancer did not fully regress upon MPA treatment. Our results support that MPA fails to completely eliminate primary cervical cancer cells and that remaining cancer cells grow independent of exogenous E2 and are refractory to MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola F Mehta
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Seunghan Baik
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Sang-Hyuk Chung
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Fadiel A, Choi SD, Park B, Kim TH, Buldo-Licciardi J, Ahmadi M, Arslan A, Mittal K, Naftolin F. Expression of Ezrin and Estrogen Receptors During Cervical Carcinogenesis. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:706-712. [PMID: 27688241 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116667222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Development of cervical squamous carcinoma (CXCA) is accompanied by changes in estrogen receptors (ERs, ERα and ERβ) and ezrin expression; however, reports have been conflicting. Using histologically documented staging of cervical biopsies, we determined ezrin and ER relationships during CXCA development. METHODS Immunoreactive (ir) ezrin, ir-ERα, and ir-ERβ were studied in normal epithelium, carcinoma in situ/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 to 3, and local invasion or metastatic CXCA. Results were compared using H scoring. Cultures of Caski metastatic CXCA cells were treated with estradiol and/or tamoxifen and studied for ER-driven ir-ezrin and the morphologic response. RESULTS Koilocytosis was present and indicated viral presence. The ezrin H score increased from CIN1 to CIN3, reaching significant differences from normal by CIN3 ( P = .004) and 2× normal in metastatic CXCA. Estrogen receptor α and ERβ H scores fell, reaching significance by CIN3 (ERα, P = .0001; ERβ, P = .024). During estradiol treatment, ezrin in Caski cells increased and localized to the periphery, in ruffles and processes. The selective ER modulator tamoxifen blocked the estradiol-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS During cervical carcinogenesis, the usual relationship between estrogen and ezrin induction is abridged. This is consistent with the effects of human papilloma virus viral proteins such as E6 and E7 that upregulate SIX1, a protein that induces ezrin. Cervical carcinogenesis is progressive but arrests at the preinvasive stage for varying lengths of time. These studies suggest that changes in ezrin may be associated with the development of the invasive phenotype and penetration of the basement membrane. They also raise the possibility that inhibiting ezrin expression could be a target for the prevention of invasive CXCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fadiel
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seung Do Choi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Park
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- 4 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Buldo-Licciardi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitra Ahmadi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan Arslan
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khushbakhat Mittal
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederick Naftolin
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wilkinson AS, Taing MW, Pierson JT, Lin CN, Dietzgen RG, Shaw PN, Gidley MJ, Monteith GR, Roberts-Thomson SJ. Estrogen modulation properties of mangiferin and quercetin and the mangiferin metabolite norathyriol. Food Funct 2016; 6:1847-54. [PMID: 25940566 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mango fruit contain many bioactive compounds, some of which are transcription factor regulators. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are two regulators of gene transcription that are important in a variety of physiological processes and also in diseases including breast cancer. We examined the ability of the mango constituents quercetin, mangiferin, and the aglycone form of mangiferin, norathyriol, to activate both isoforms of the estrogen receptor. Quercetin and norathyriol decreased the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells whereas mangiferin had no effect on MCF-7 cells. We also determined that quercetin and mangiferin selectively activated ERα whereas norathyriol activated both ERα and ERβ. Despite quercetin, mangiferin and norathyriol having similar polyphenolic structural motifs, only norathyriol activated ERβ, showing that bioactive agents in mangoes have very specific biological effects. Such specificity may be important given the often-opposing roles of ERα and ERβ in breast cancer proliferation and other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Wilkinson
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Xu Y, Ma XP, An JN, Zhang ZJ, Ding J, Qu YK, Liu ZL, Lin N. Short-time QiBaoMeiRan Formula Treatment Exerts Estrogenic Activities without Side Effects on Reproductive Tissues in Immature Mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17436. [PMID: 26644197 PMCID: PMC4672331 DOI: 10.1038/srep17436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese herbal preparation QiBaoMeiRan formula (QBMR) displayed estrogenic effects in ovariectomized rats after long-term administration in a previous study. The uterus and vagina are negatively influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy. While QBMR is known to be a phytoestrogen, its estrogenic effects and safety on reproductive tissues after short-term administration and its mechanism via estrogen receptor (ER) pathway haven’t been studied. Here, we characterized its estrogenic effects using immature mice together with in vitro studies for further molecular characterization. Immature mice were treated with QBMR at doses of 1.125, 2.25, and 4.5 g/kg for 7 days. 1.125 and 2.25 g/kg QBMR promoted the growth and development of uterus and vagina, and upregulated ERα and ERβ expression in reproductive tissues. QBMR had a stimulatory effect on proliferating cell nuclear antigen in vagina but not in uterus, and was without any influence on ki-67 antigen in uterus and vagina. QBMR significantly induced luciferase expression from the ERα/β-estrogen response element (ERE) luciferase reporter and upregulated ERα and ERβ expressions in MCF-7 cells, which were significantly inhibited by estrogen antagonist ICI182,780. This study demonstrated QBMR exerts estrogenic effects on reproductive tissues without side effects and through ER-ERE-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiao-ping Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-na An
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zi-jia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Compound Chinese Medicine of Shanghai, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya-kun Qu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhen-li Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongcheng District Dongzhimen Nanxiao Road 16, Beijing 100700, China
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Molecular transitions from papillomavirus infection to cervical precancer and cancer: Role of stromal estrogen receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3255-64. [PMID: 26056290 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509322112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the multistep process of cervical cancer development, we analyzed 128 frozen cervical samples spanning normalcy, increasingly severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1- CIN3), and cervical cancer (CxCa) from multiple perspectives, revealing a cascade of progressive changes. Compared with normal tissue, expression of many DNA replication/repair and cell proliferation genes was increased in CIN1/CIN2 lesions and further sustained in CIN3, consistent with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced tumor suppressor inactivation. The CIN3-to-CxCa transition showed metabolic shifts, including decreased expression of mitochondrial electron transport complex components and ribosomal protein genes. Significantly, despite clinical, epidemiological, and animal model results linking estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) to CxCa, ERα expression declined >15-fold from normalcy to cancer, showing the strongest inverse correlation of any gene with the increasing expression of p16, a marker for HPV-linked cancers. This drop in ERα in CIN and tumor cells was confirmed at the protein level. However, ERα expression in stromal cells continued throughout CxCa development. Our further studies localized stromal ERα to FSP1+, CD34+, SMA- precursor fibrocytes adjacent to normal and precancerous CIN epithelium, and FSP1-, CD34-, SMA+ activated fibroblasts in CxCas. Moreover, rank correlations with ERα mRNA identified IL-8, CXCL12, CXCL14, their receptors, and other angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration and inflammatory factors as candidates for ERα-induced stroma-tumor signaling pathways. The results indicate that estrogen signaling in cervical cancer has dramatic differences from ERα+ breast cancers, and imply that estrogen signaling increasingly proceeds indirectly through ERα in tumor-associated stromal fibroblasts.
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Ramirez J, Poirson J, Foltz C, Chebaro Y, Schrapp M, Meyer A, Bonetta A, Forster A, Jacob Y, Masson M, Deryckère F, Travé G. Targeting the Two Oncogenic Functional Sites of the HPV E6 Oncoprotein with a High-Affinity Bivalent Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7958-62. [PMID: 26014966 PMCID: PMC4512291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The E6 oncoproteins of high-risk mucosal (hrm) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) contain a pocket that captures LxxLL motifs and a C-terminal motif that recruits PDZ domains, with both functions being crucial for HPV-induced oncogenesis. A chimeric protein was built by fusing a PDZ domain and an LxxLL motif, both known to bind E6. NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry and a mammalian protein complementation assay converged to show that the resulting PDZ-LxxLL chimera is a bivalent nanomolar ligand of E6, while its separated PDZ and LxxLL components are only micromolar binders. The chimera binds to all of the hrm-HPV E6 proteins tested but not to low-risk mucosal or cutaneous HPV E6. Adenovirus-mediated expression of the chimera specifically induces the death of HPV-positive cells, concomitant with increased levels of the tumour suppressor P53, its transcriptional target p21, and the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase 3. The bifunctional PDZ-LxxLL chimera opens new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramirez
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Juline Poirson
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Clémence Foltz
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | | | - Maxime Schrapp
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Amandine Meyer
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Anaëlle Bonetta
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Anne Forster
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Yves Jacob
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Département de Virologie & UMR CNRS 3569, Paris (France)
| | - Murielle Masson
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - François Deryckère
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France)
| | - Gilles Travé
- Oncoprotein Team, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2015, UMR CNRS-UDS 7242, École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412 Illkirch (France).
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