1
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Rodrigues PF, Trsan T, Cvijetic G, Khantakova D, Panda SK, Liu Z, Ginhoux F, Cella M, Colonna M. Progenitors of distinct lineages shape the diversity of mature type 2 conventional dendritic cells. Immunity 2024; 57:1567-1585.e5. [PMID: 38821051 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are antigen-presenting cells comprising cDC1 and cDC2, responsible for priming naive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, respectively. Recent studies have unveiled cDC2 heterogeneity and identified various cDC2 progenitors beyond the common DC progenitor (CDP), hinting at distinct cDC2 lineages. By generating Cd300ciCre-hCD2R26tdTomato reporter mice, we identified a bone marrow pro-cDC2 progenitor exclusively generating cDC2 in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell analyses and multiparametric flow cytometry demonstrated that pro-cDC2 encompasses myeloid-derived pre-cDC2 and lymphoid-derived plasmacytoid DC (pDC)-like precursors differentiating into a transcriptionally convergent cDC2 phenotype. Cd300c-traced cDC2 had distinct transcriptomic profiles, phenotypes, and tissue distributions compared with Ms4a3CreR26tdTomato lineage-traced DC3, a monocyte-DC progenitor (MDP)-derived subset that bypasses CDP. Mice with reduced Cd300c-traced cDC2 showed impaired humoral responses to T cell-dependent antigens. We conclude that progenitors of distinct lineages shape the diversity of mature cDC2 across tissues. Thus, ontogenesis may impact tissue immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tihana Trsan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grozdan Cvijetic
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darya Khantakova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Santosh K Panda
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Bâtiment de Médecine Moléculaire 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 3, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Wilson KR, Macri C, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Constitutive Flt3 signaling impacts conventional dendritic cell function. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:500-512. [PMID: 38693626 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of dendritic cells (DCs) depends on signaling via the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) receptor. How Flt3 signaling impacts terminally differentiated DC function is unknown. This is important given the increasing interest in exploiting Flt3 for vaccination and tumor immunotherapy. Here, we examined DCs in mice harboring constitutively activated Flt3 (Flt3-ITD). Flt3ITD/ITD mice possessed expanded splenic DC subsets including plasmacytoid DC, conventional DC (cDC)1, cDC2, double positive (DP) cDC1 (CD11c+ CD8+ CD11b- CD103+ CD86+), noncanonical (NC) cDC1 (CD11c+ CD8+ CD11b- CD103- CD86-) and single positive (SP) cDC1 (CD11c+ CD8+ CD11b- CD103- CD86+). Outcomes of constitutive Flt3 signaling differed depending on the cDC subset examined. In comparison with wild type (WT) DCs, all Flt3ITD/ITD cDCs displayed an altered surface phenotype with changes in costimulatory molecules, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and II (MHC II). Cytokine secretion patterns, antigen uptake, antigen proteolysis and antigen presenting function differed between WT and Flt3ITD/ITD subsets, particularly cDC2. In summary, Flt3 signaling impacts the function of terminally differentiated cDCs with important consequences for antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Macri
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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3
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Lorant AK, Yoshida AE, Gilbertson EA, Chu T, Stefani C, Acharya M, Hamerman JA, Lacy-Hulbert A. Integrin αvβ3 Limits Cytokine Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Restricts TLR-Driven Autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1680-1692. [PMID: 38607278 PMCID: PMC11105983 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are strongly implicated as a major source of IFN-I in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), triggered through TLR-mediated recognition of nucleic acids released from dying cells. However, relatively little is known about how TLR signaling and IFN-I production are regulated in pDCs. In this article, we describe a role for integrin αvβ3 in regulating TLR responses and IFN-I production by pDCs in mouse models. We show that αv and β3-knockout pDCs produce more IFN-I and inflammatory cytokines than controls when stimulated through TLR7 and TLR9 in vitro and in vivo. Increased cytokine production was associated with delayed acidification of endosomes containing TLR ligands, reduced LC3 conjugation, and increased TLR signaling. This dysregulated TLR signaling results in activation of B cells and promotes germinal center (GC) B cell and plasma cell expansion. Furthermore, in a mouse model of TLR7-driven lupus-like disease, deletion of αvβ3 from pDCs causes accelerated autoantibody production and pathology. We therefore identify a pDC-intrinsic role for αvβ3 in regulating TLR signaling and preventing activation of autoreactive B cells. Because αvβ3 serves as a receptor for apoptotic cells and cell debris, we hypothesize that this regulatory mechanism provides important contextual cues to pDCs and functions to limit responses to self-derived nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina K Lorant
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle, WA, USA 98101
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Anna E Yoshida
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle, WA, USA 98101
| | | | - Talyn Chu
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle, WA, USA 98101
| | - Caroline Stefani
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle, WA, USA 98101
| | - Mridu Acharya
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA 98105
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle, WA, USA 98101
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Adam Lacy-Hulbert
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Seattle, WA, USA 98101
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington; Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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4
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Tiniakou I, Hsu PF, Lopez-Zepeda LS, Garipler G, Esteva E, Adams NM, Jang G, Soni C, Lau CM, Liu F, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Rodrick TC, Jones D, Tsirigos A, Ohler U, Bedford MT, Nimer SD, Kaartinen V, Mazzoni EO, Reizis B. Genome-wide screening identifies Trim33 as an essential regulator of dendritic cell differentiation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi1023. [PMID: 38608038 PMCID: PMC11182672 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of dendritic cells (DCs), including antigen-presenting conventional DCs (cDCs) and cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), is controlled by the growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) and its receptor Flt3. We genetically dissected Flt3L-driven DC differentiation using CRISPR-Cas9-based screening. Genome-wide screening identified multiple regulators of DC differentiation including subunits of TSC and GATOR1 complexes, which restricted progenitor growth but enabled DC differentiation by inhibiting mTOR signaling. An orthogonal screen identified the transcriptional repressor Trim33 (TIF-1γ) as a regulator of DC differentiation. Conditional targeting in vivo revealed an essential role of Trim33 in the development of all DCs, but not of monocytes or granulocytes. In particular, deletion of Trim33 caused rapid loss of DC progenitors, pDCs, and the cross-presenting cDC1 subset. Trim33-deficient Flt3+ progenitors up-regulated pro-inflammatory and macrophage-specific genes but failed to induce the DC differentiation program. Collectively, these data elucidate mechanisms that control Flt3L-driven differentiation of the entire DC lineage and identify Trim33 as its essential regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tiniakou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Feng Hsu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorena S. Lopez-Zepeda
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Görkem Garipler
- Department of Biology, New York University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M. Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tori C. Rodrick
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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5
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Amon L, Seichter A, Vurnek D, Heger L, Lächele L, Tochoedo NR, Kaszubowski T, Hatscher L, Baranska A, Tchitashvili G, Nimmerjahn F, Lehmann CHK, Dudziak D. Clec12A, CD301b, and FcγRIIB/III define the heterogeneity of murine DC2s and DC3s. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113949. [PMID: 38492222 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, multiple studies have investigated the heterogeneity of murine conventional dendritic cells type 2 (cDC2s). However, their phenotypic similarity with monocytes and macrophages renders their clear identification challenging. By creating a protein atlas utilizing multiparameter flow cytometry, we show that ESAM+ cDC2s are a specialized feature of the spleen strongly differing in their proteome from other cDC2s. In contrast, all other tissues are populated by Clec12A+ cDC2s or Clec12A- cDC2s (high or low for Fcγ receptors, C-type lectin receptors, and CD11b, respectively), rendering Clec12A+ cDC2s classical sentinels. Further, expression analysis of CD301b, Clec12A, and FcγRIIB/III provides a conserved definition of cDC2 heterogeneity, including the discovery of putative FcγRIIB/III+ DC3s across tissues. Finally, our data reveal that cell identity (ontogeny) dictates the proteome that is further fine-tuned by the tissue environment on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), while monocytes and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) display subset intrinsic default settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Seichter
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Lächele
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nounagnon Romaric Tochoedo
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kaszubowski
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Hatscher
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giorgi Tchitashvili
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Herbert Kurt Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Zhang C, Cao Q, Li Y, Lu J, Xiong S, Yue Y. Exosome co-delivery of a STING agonist augments immunogenicity elicited by CVB3 VP1 vaccine via promoting antigen cross-presentation of CD8 + DCs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129518. [PMID: 38244740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The induction of a robust CD8+ T cell response is critical for the success of an antiviral vaccine. In this study, we incorporated a STING agonist (SA) 2'3'-cGAMP into a previously developed exosome-based CVB3 viral myocarditis vaccine (Exo-VP1) to enhance its ability to induce CD8+ T cell responses and immunoprotection. Our results showed that compared to free SA adjuvant, exosome-mediated co-delivery (ExoSA-VP1) significantly enhanced SA uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and more potently stimulated DC maturation. Immunization of mice showed that the ExoSA-VP1 vaccine-induced higher levels of CVB3-specific T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, significantly increased the percentage of IFN-γ+CD8+ rather than CD4+ T cells, effectively reduced cardiac viral loads, attenuated myocarditis and improved survival in mice compared to the previous Exo-VP1 vaccine. Further investigation showed that ExoSA-VP1 significantly increased both the percentage and antigen cross-presentation capacity of splenic CD8+ DCs. Depletion of these CD8+ DCs by cytochrome C administration nearly abolished the advantage of ExoSA-VP1 in dominantly inducing IFN-γ+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) production in immunized mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated the potential of ExoSA-VP1 as a promising candidate for anti-CVB3 vaccines and provide insights into immune-enhancing strategies aiming at augmenting antigen cross-presentation by DCs and enhancing potent CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yan Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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7
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Minutti CM, Piot C, Pereira da Costa M, Chakravarty P, Rogers N, Huerga Encabo H, Cardoso A, Loong J, Bessou G, Mionnet C, Langhorne J, Bonnet D, Dalod M, Tomasello E, Reis E Sousa C. Distinct ontogenetic lineages dictate cDC2 heterogeneity. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:448-461. [PMID: 38351322 PMCID: PMC10907303 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) include functionally and phenotypically diverse populations, such as cDC1s and cDC2s. The latter population has been variously subdivided into Notch-dependent cDC2s, KLF4-dependent cDC2s, T-bet+ cDC2As and T-bet- cDC2Bs, but it is unclear how all these subtypes are interrelated and to what degree they represent cell states or cell subsets. All cDCs are derived from bone marrow progenitors called pre-cDCs, which circulate through the blood to colonize peripheral tissues. Here, we identified distinct mouse pre-cDC2 subsets biased to give rise to cDC2As or cDC2Bs. We showed that a Siglec-H+ pre-cDC2A population in the bone marrow preferentially gave rise to Siglec-H- CD8α+ pre-cDC2As in tissues, which differentiated into T-bet+ cDC2As. In contrast, a Siglec-H- fraction of pre-cDCs in the bone marrow and periphery mostly generated T-bet- cDC2Bs, a lineage marked by the expression of LysM. Our results showed that cDC2A versus cDC2B fate specification starts in the bone marrow and suggest that cDC2 subsets are ontogenetically determined lineages, rather than cell states imposed by the peripheral tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Minutti
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Cécile Piot
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Neil Rogers
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Ana Cardoso
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jane Loong
- Retroviral Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrille Mionnet
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Langhorne
- Malaria Immunology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
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8
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Boura-Halfon S, Haffner-Krausz R, Ben-Dor S, Kim JS, Jung S. Tackling Tissue Macrophage Heterogeneity by SplitCre Transgenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:481-503. [PMID: 37639143 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent a broad spectrum of distinct, but closely related tissue-resident immune cells. This presents a major challenge for the study of functional aspects of these cells using classical Cre recombinase-mediated conditional mutagenesis in mice, since single promoter-driven Cre transgenic models often display limited specificity toward their intended target. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has now provided a time- and cost-effective method to explore the full potential of binary transgenic, intersectional genetics. Specifically, the use of two promoters driving inactive Cre fragments that, when co-expressed, dimerize and only then gain recombinase activity allows the characterization and manipulation of genetically defined tissue macrophage subpopulations. Here, we will elaborate on the use of this protocol to capitalize on these recent technological advances in mouse genetics and discuss their strengths and pitfalls to improve the study of tissue macrophage subpopulations in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigalit Boura-Halfon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | | | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Kim JS, Jung S. Visualization, Fate Mapping, Ablation, and Mutagenesis of Microglia in the Mouse Brain. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:53-63. [PMID: 39207686 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the classical studies of Pío del Río-Hortega, microglia research has come a long way. In particular, recent advances in bulk and single-cell (sc) transcriptomics have yielded many fascinating new insights into these intriguing immune cells at the interface with the central nervous system (CNS), both in small animal models and human samples. In parallel, tools developed by advanced mouse genetics have revealed the unique ontogeny of microglia and their striking dynamic interactions with other cells in the brain parenchyma. In this chapter, we will discuss various applications of the Cre/loxP-based approach that have enabled the study of microglia in their physiological context of the mouse brain. We will highlight selected key findings that have shaped our current understanding of these cells and discuss the technical intricacies of the Cre/loxP approach and some remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Ben-Mordechai T, Lawrence YR, Symon Z, Shimoni-Sebag A, Amit U. CX3CR1-Expressing Immune Cells Infiltrate the Tumor Microenvironment and Promote Radiation Resistance in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5472. [PMID: 38001732 PMCID: PMC10669975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemokine (C-X3-C Motif) Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) is present in a subset of the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and plays an essential and diverse role in cancer progression. However, its potential function in the irradiated TME remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse lung cancer model was performed by subcutaneously inoculating Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells expressing luciferase (Luc-2) and mCherry cells in CX3CR1GFP/GFP, CX3CR1DTR/+, and wild-type (WT) mice. Bioluminescence imaging, clonogenic assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess tumor progression, proliferation, and cell composition after radiation. RESULTS Radiation provoked a significant influx of CX3CR1-expressing immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages, into the TME. Co-culturing irradiated LLC cells with CX3CR1-deficient monocytes, and macrophages resulted in reduced clonogenic survival and increased apoptosis of the cancer cells. Interestingly, deficiency of CX3CR1 in macrophages led to a redistribution of the irradiated LLC cells in the S-phase, parallel to increased expression of cyclin E1, required for cell cycle G1/S transition. In addition, the deficiency of CX3CR1 expression in macrophages altered the cytokine secretion with a decrease in interleukin 6, a crucial mediator of cancer cell survival and proliferation. Next, LLC cells were injected subcutaneously into CX3CR1DTR/+ mice, sensitive to diphtheria toxin (DT), and WT mice. After injection, tumors were irradiated with 8 Gy, and mice were treated with DT, leading to conditional ablation of CX3CR1-expressing cells. After three weeks, CX3CR1-depleted mice displayed reduced tumor progression. Furthermore, combining the S-phase-specific chemotherapeutic gemcitabine with CX3CR1 cell ablation resulted in additional attenuation of tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS CX3CR1-expressing mononuclear cells invade the TME after radiation therapy in a mouse lung cancer model. CX3CR1 cell depletion attenuates tumor progression following radiation and sensitizes the tumor to S-phase-specific chemotherapy. Thus, we propose a novel strategy to improve radiation sensitivity by targeting the CX3CR1-expressing immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Ben-Mordechai
- Radiation Oncology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (T.B.-M.); (Y.R.L.); (Z.S.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Yaacov R. Lawrence
- Radiation Oncology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (T.B.-M.); (Y.R.L.); (Z.S.); (A.S.-S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Zvi Symon
- Radiation Oncology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (T.B.-M.); (Y.R.L.); (Z.S.); (A.S.-S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ariel Shimoni-Sebag
- Radiation Oncology Department, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (T.B.-M.); (Y.R.L.); (Z.S.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Uri Amit
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, TRC 2 West Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Sulczewski FB, Maqueda-Alfaro RA, Alcántara-Hernández M, Perez OA, Saravanan S, Yun TJ, Seong D, Arroyo Hornero R, Raquer-McKay HM, Esteva E, Lanzar ZR, Leylek RA, Adams NM, Das A, Rahman AH, Gottfried-Blackmore A, Reizis B, Idoyaga J. Transitional dendritic cells are distinct from conventional DC2 precursors and mediate proinflammatory antiviral responses. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1265-1280. [PMID: 37414907 PMCID: PMC10683792 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional approaches have revealed heterogeneity amongst dendritic cells (DCs), including a population of transitional DCs (tDCs) in mice and humans. However, the origin and relationship of tDCs to other DC subsets has been unclear. Here we show that tDCs are distinct from other well-characterized DCs and conventional DC precursors (pre-cDCs). We demonstrate that tDCs originate from bone marrow progenitors shared with plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In the periphery, tDCs contribute to the pool of ESAM+ type 2 DCs (DC2s), and these DC2s have pDC-related developmental features. Different from pre-cDCs, tDCs have less turnover, capture antigen, respond to stimuli and activate antigen-specific naïve T cells, all characteristics of differentiated DCs. Different from pDCs, viral sensing by tDCs results in IL-1β secretion and fatal immune pathology in a murine coronavirus model. Our findings suggest that tDCs are a distinct pDC-related subset with a DC2 differentiation potential and unique proinflammatory function during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bandeira Sulczewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raul A Maqueda-Alfaro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcela Alcántara-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oriana A Perez
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjana Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hayley M Raquer-McKay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary R Lanzar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Leylek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annesa Das
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb H Rahman
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andres Gottfried-Blackmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Arroyo Hornero R, Idoyaga J. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: A dendritic cell in disguise. Mol Immunol 2023; 159:38-45. [PMID: 37269733 PMCID: PMC10625168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, the identity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) has been at the center of a continuous dispute in the field, and their classification as dendritic cells (DCs) has been recently re-challenged. pDCs are different enough from the rest of the DC family members to be considered a lineage of cells on their own. Unlike the exclusive myeloid ontogeny of cDCs, pDCs may have dual origin developing from myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. Moreover, pDCs have the unique ability to quickly secrete abundant levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to viral infections. In addition, pDCs undergo a differentiation process after pathogen recognition that allows them to activate T cells, a feature that has been shown to be independent of presumed contaminating cells. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the historic and current understanding of pDCs and argue that their classification as either lymphoid or myeloid may be an oversimplification. Instead, we propose that the capacity of pDCs to link the innate and adaptive immune response by directly sensing pathogens and activating adaptive immune responses justify their inclusion within the DC network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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13
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Valente M, Collinet N, Vu Manh TP, Popoff D, Rahmani K, Naciri K, Bessou G, Rua R, Gil L, Mionnet C, Milpied P, Tomasello E, Dalod M. Novel mouse models based on intersectional genetics to identify and characterize plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:714-728. [PMID: 36928414 PMCID: PMC10063451 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main source of type I interferon (IFN-I) during viral infections. Their other functions are debated, due to a lack of tools to identify and target them in vivo without affecting pDC-like cells and transitional DCs (tDCs), which harbor overlapping phenotypes and transcriptomes but a higher efficacy for T cell activation. In the present report, we present a reporter mouse, pDC-Tom, designed through intersectional genetics based on unique Siglech and Pacsin1 coexpression in pDCs. The pDC-Tom mice specifically tagged pDCs and, on breeding with Zbtb46GFP mice, enabled transcriptomic profiling of all splenic DC types, unraveling diverging activation of pDC-like cells versus tDCs during a viral infection. The pDC-Tom mice also revealed initially similar but later divergent microanatomical relocation of splenic IFN+ versus IFN- pDCs during infection. The mouse models and specific gene modules we report here will be useful to delineate the physiological functions of pDCs versus other DC types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Valente
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
- Veracyte, Luminy biotech entreprises, Marseille, France.
| | - Nils Collinet
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Dimitri Popoff
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Khalissa Rahmani
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Naciri
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Bessou
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Rejane Rua
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Laurine Gil
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Cyrille Mionnet
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Milpied
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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14
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Rodrigues PF, Kouklas A, Cvijetic G, Bouladoux N, Mitrovic M, Desai JV, Lima-Junior DS, Lionakis MS, Belkaid Y, Ivanek R, Tussiwand R. pDC-like cells are pre-DC2 and require KLF4 to control homeostatic CD4 T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4132. [PMID: 36827419 PMCID: PMC10165717 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to play an important role during immune responses, ranging from initial viral control through the production of type I interferons to antigen presentation. However, recent studies uncovered unexpected heterogeneity among pDCs. We identified a previously uncharacterized immune subset, referred to as pDC-like cells, that not only resembles pDCs but also shares conventional DC (cDC) features. We show that this subset is a circulating precursor distinct from common DC progenitors, with prominent cDC2 potential. Our findings from human CD2-iCre and CD300c-iCre lineage tracing mouse models suggest that a substantial fraction of cDC2s originates from pDC-like cells, which can therefore be referred to as pre-DC2. This precursor subset responds to homeostatic cytokines, such as macrophage colony stimulating factor, by expanding and differentiating into cDC2 that efficiently prime T helper 17 (TH17) cells. Development of pre-DC2 into CX3CR1+ ESAM- cDC2b but not CX3CR1- ESAM+ cDC2a requires the transcription factor KLF4. Last, we show that, under homeostatic conditions, this developmental pathway regulates the immune threshold at barrier sites by controlling the pool of TH17 cells within skin-draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grozdan Cvijetic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Microbiome and Immunity, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mladen Mitrovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Djalma S Lima-Junior
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Microbiome and Immunity, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michail S. Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Oak ASW, Cotsarelis G. Wound-Induced Hair Neogenesis: A Portal to the Development of New Therapies for Hair Loss and Wound Regeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041239. [PMID: 36123030 PMCID: PMC9899649 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult mammals retain the remarkable ability to regenerate hair follicles after wounding. Wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) in many ways recapitulates embryogenesis. The origin of the stem cells that give rise to a nascent hair follicle after wounding and the role of mesenchymal cells and signaling pathways responsible for this regenerative phenomenon are slowly being elucidated. WIHN provides a potential therapeutic window for manipulating cell fate by the introduction of factors during the wound healing process to enhance hair follicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen S W Oak
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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16
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Feng J, Pucella JN, Jang G, Alcántara-Hernández M, Upadhaya S, Adams NM, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Lau CM, Stoeckius M, Hao S, Smibert P, Tsirigos A, Idoyaga J, Reizis B. Clonal lineage tracing reveals shared origin of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunity 2022; 55:405-422.e11. [PMID: 35180378 PMCID: PMC9344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental origins of dendritic cells (DCs) including conventional DCs (cDCs, comprising cDC1 and cDC2 subsets) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) remain unclear. We studied DC development in unmanipulated adult mice using inducible lineage tracing combined with clonal DNA "barcoding" and single-cell transcriptome and phenotype analysis (CITE-seq). Inducible tracing of Cx3cr1+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow showed that they simultaneously produce all DC subsets including pDCs, cDC1s, and cDC2s. Clonal tracing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and of Cx3cr1+ progenitors revealed clone sharing between cDC1s and pDCs, but not between the two cDC subsets or between pDCs and B cells. Accordingly, CITE-seq analyses of differentiating HSCs and Cx3cr1+ progenitors identified progressive stages of pDC development including Cx3cr1+ Ly-6D+ pro-pDCs that were distinct from lymphoid progenitors. These results reveal the shared origin of pDCs and cDCs and suggest a revised scheme of DC development whereby pDCs share clonal relationship with cDC1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Feng
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Joseph N Pucella
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcela Alcántara-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samik Upadhaya
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicholas M Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marlon Stoeckius
- Technology Innovation Laboratory, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Stephanie Hao
- Technology Innovation Laboratory, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Laboratory, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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17
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Van Royen T, Rossey I, Sedeyn K, Schepens B, Saelens X. How RSV Proteins Join Forces to Overcome the Host Innate Immune Response. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020419. [PMID: 35216012 PMCID: PMC8874859 DOI: 10.3390/v14020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. Although several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can sense RSV-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), infection with RSV is typically associated with low to undetectable levels of type I interferons (IFNs). Multiple RSV proteins can hinder the host’s innate immune response. The main players are NS1 and NS2 which suppress type I IFN production and signalling in multiple ways. The recruitment of innate immune cells and the production of several cytokines are reduced by RSV G. Next, RSV N can sequester immunostimulatory proteins to inclusion bodies (IBs). N might also facilitate the assembly of a multiprotein complex that is responsible for the negative regulation of innate immune pathways. Furthermore, RSV M modulates the host’s innate immune response. The nuclear accumulation of RSV M has been linked to an impaired host gene transcription, in particular for nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. In addition, RSV M might also directly target mitochondrial proteins which results in a reduced mitochondrion-mediated innate immune recognition of RSV. Lastly, RSV SH might prolong the viral replication in infected cells and influence cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Van Royen
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.R.); (I.R.); (K.S.); (B.S.)
- Department for Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iebe Rossey
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.R.); (I.R.); (K.S.); (B.S.)
- Department for Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.R.); (I.R.); (K.S.); (B.S.)
- Department for Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.R.); (I.R.); (K.S.); (B.S.)
- Department for Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.V.R.); (I.R.); (K.S.); (B.S.)
- Department for Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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18
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Tong H, Li X, Zhang J, Gong L, Sun W, Calderon V, Zhang X, Li Y, Gadzinski A, Langdon WY, Reizis B, Zou Y, Gu H. Ubiquitin Ligases CBL and CBL-B Maintain the Homeostasis and Immune Quiescence of Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757231. [PMID: 34630435 PMCID: PMC8494778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are composed of multiple lineages of hematopoietic cells and orchestrate immune responses upon detecting the danger and inflammatory signals associated with pathogen and damaged tissues. Under steady-state, DCs are maintained at limited numbers and the functionally quiescent status. While it is known that a fine balance in the DC homeostasis and activation status is also important to prevent autoimmune diseases and hyperinflammation, mechanisms that control DC development and activation under stead-state remain not fully understood. Here we show that DC-specific ablation of CBL and CBL-B (CBL-/-CBL-B-/-) leads to spontaneous liver inflammation and fibrosis and early death of the mice. The mutant mice have a marked expansion of classic CD8α+/CD103+ DCs (cDC1s) in peripheral lymphoid organs and the liver. These DCs exhibit atypical activation phenotypes characterized by an increased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines but not the cell surface MHC-II and costimulatory ligands. While the mutant mice also have massive T cell activation, lymphocytes are not required for the disease development. The CBL-/-CBL-B-/- mutation enhances FLT3-mTOR signaling, due to defective FLT3 ubiquitination and degradation. Blockade of FLT3-mTOR signaling normalizes the homeostasis of cDC1s and attenuates liver inflammation. Our result thus reveals a critical role of CBLs in the maintenance of DC homeostasis and immune quiescence. This regulation could be relevant to liver inflammatory diseases and fibrosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Tong
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Science, SooChow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liying Gong
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Weili Sun
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Calderon
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adeline Gadzinski
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wallace Y Langdon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yongrui Zou
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hua Gu
- Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Montreal Clinic Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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19
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Chen B, Zhu L, Yang S, Su W. Unraveling the Heterogeneity and Ontogeny of Dendritic Cells Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711329. [PMID: 34566965 PMCID: PMC8458576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play essential roles in innate and adaptive immunity and show high heterogeneity and intricate ontogeny. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), have improved the understanding of DC subsets. In this review, we discuss in detail the remarkable perspectives in DC reclassification and ontogeny as revealed by scRNA-seq. Moreover, the heterogeneity and multifunction of DCs during diseases as determined by scRNA-seq are described. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and future trends in scRNA-seq technologies and DC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Posttranslational modifications by ADAM10 shape myeloid antigen-presenting cell homeostasis in the splenic marginal zone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111234118. [PMID: 34526403 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111234118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen contains phenotypically and functionally distinct conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subpopulations, termed cDC1 and cDC2, which each can be divided into several smaller and less well-characterized subsets. Despite advances in understanding the complexity of cDC ontogeny by transcriptional programming, the significance of posttranslational modifications in controlling tissue-specific cDC subset immunobiology remains elusive. Here, we identified the cell-surface-expressed A-disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) as an essential regulator of cDC1 and cDC2 homeostasis in the splenic marginal zone (MZ). Mice with a CD11c-specific deletion of ADAM10 (ADAM10ΔCD11c) exhibited a complete loss of splenic ESAMhi cDC2A because ADAM10 regulated the commitment, differentiation, and survival of these cells. The major pathways controlled by ADAM10 in ESAMhi cDC2A are Notch, signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival (e.g., mTOR, PI3K/AKT, and EIF2 signaling), and EBI2-mediated localization within the MZ. In addition, we discovered that ADAM10 is a molecular switch regulating cDC2 subset heterogeneity in the spleen, as the disappearance of ESAMhi cDC2A in ADAM10ΔCD11c mice was compensated for by the emergence of a Clec12a+ cDC2B subset closely resembling cDC2 generally found in peripheral lymph nodes. Moreover, in ADAM10ΔCD11c mice, terminal differentiation of cDC1 was abrogated, resulting in severely reduced splenic Langerin+ cDC1 numbers. Next to the disturbed splenic cDC compartment, ADAM10 deficiency on CD11c+ cells led to an increase in marginal metallophilic macrophage (MMM) numbers. In conclusion, our data identify ADAM10 as a molecular hub on both cDC and MMM regulating their transcriptional programming, turnover, homeostasis, and ability to shape the anatomical niche of the MZ.
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21
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Greene TT, Zuniga EI. Type I Interferon Induction and Exhaustion during Viral Infection: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Emerging COVID-19 Findings. Viruses 2021; 13:1839. [PMID: 34578420 PMCID: PMC8472174 DOI: 10.3390/v13091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) are a family of potent antiviral cytokines that act through the direct restriction of viral replication and by enhancing antiviral immunity. However, these powerful cytokines are a caged lion, as excessive and sustained IFN-I production can drive immunopathology during infection, and aberrant IFN-I production is a feature of several types of autoimmunity. As specialized producers of IFN-I plasmacytoid (p), dendritic cells (DCs) can secrete superb quantities and a wide breadth of IFN-I isoforms immediately after infection or stimulation, and are the focus of this review. Notably, a few days after viral infection pDCs tune down their capacity for IFN-I production, producing less cytokines in response to both the ongoing infection and unrelated secondary stimulations. This process, hereby referred to as "pDC exhaustion", favors viral persistence and associates with reduced innate responses and increased susceptibility to secondary opportunistic infections. On the other hand, pDC exhaustion may be a compromise to avoid IFN-I driven immunopathology. In this review we reflect on the mechanisms that initially induce IFN-I and subsequently silence their production by pDCs during a viral infection. While these processes have been long studied across numerous viral infection models, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought their discussion back to the fore, and so we also discuss emerging results related to pDC-IFN-I production in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
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22
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Quercetin Administration Suppresses the Cytokine Storm in Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158349. [PMID: 34361114 PMCID: PMC8348289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can be divided by lineage into myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). They both are present in mucosal tissues and regulate the immune response by secreting chemokines and cytokines. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a leaky intestinal barrier and the consequent translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the basolateral side. This results in DCs activation, but the response of pDCs is still poorly characterized. In the present study, we compared mDCs and pDCs responses to LPS administration. We present a broad panel of DCs secreted factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Our recent studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin administration, but to date, there is no evidence about quercetin’s effects on pDCs. The results of the present study demonstrate that pDCs can respond to LPS and that quercetin exposure modulates soluble factors release through the same molecular pathway used by mDCs (Slpi, Hmox1, and AP-1).
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23
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Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been reported to use CX3CR1 in vitro as a receptor on cultured primary human airway epithelial cultures. To evaluate CX3CR1 as the receptor for RSV in vivo, we used the cotton rat animal model because of its high permissiveness for RSV infection. Sequencing the cotton rat CX3CR1 gene revealed 91% amino acid similarity to human CX3CR1. Previous work found that RSV binds to CX3CR1 via its attachment glycoprotein (G protein) to infect primary human airway cultures. To determine whether CX3CR1-G protein interaction is necessary for RSV infection, recombinant RSVs containing mutations in the CX3CR1 binding site of the G protein were tested in cotton rats. In contrast to wild-type virus, viral mutants did not grow in the lungs of cotton rats. When RSV was incubated with an antibody blocking the CX3CR1 binding site of G protein and subsequently inoculated intranasally into cotton rats, no virus was found in the lungs 4 days postinfection. In contrast, growth of RSV was not affected after preincubation with heparan sulfate (the receptor for RSV on immortalized cell lines). A reduction in CX3CR1 expression in the cotton rat lung through the use of peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers led to a 10-fold reduction in RSV titers at day 4 postinfection. In summary, these results indicate that CX3CR1 functions as a receptor for RSV in cotton rats and, in combination with data from human airway epithelial cell cultures, strongly suggest that CX3CR1 is a primary receptor for naturally acquired RSV infection. IMPORTANCE The knowledge about a virus receptor is useful to better understand the uptake of a virus into a cell and potentially develop antivirals directed against either the receptor molecule on the cell or the receptor-binding protein of the virus. Among a number of potential receptor proteins, human CX3CR1 has been demonstrated to act as a receptor for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) on human epithelial cells in tissue culture. Here, we report that the cotton rat CX3CR1, which is similar to the human molecule, acts as a receptor in vivo. This study strengthens the argument that CX3CR1 is a receptor molecule for RSV.
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24
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Kulkarni A, Jung S. Food colors caught red-handed. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1267-1269. [PMID: 34233167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBDs) involves an interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While human genomic analyses and preclinical animal models have revealed critical IBD risk genes and circuits, environmental effects remain poorly defined. In this issue, He et al. (2021) begin to fill this gap by reporting a striking potential of widely used food colorants to cause IBD-like colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kulkarni
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76101, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76101, Israel.
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25
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Anderson LJ, Jadhao SJ, Paden CR, Tong S. Functional Features of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:1214. [PMID: 34372490 PMCID: PMC8310105 DOI: 10.3390/v13071214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in children <5 years of age worldwide and repeated infections throughout life leading to serious disease in the elderly and persons with compromised immune, cardiac, and pulmonary systems. The disease burden has made it a high priority for vaccine and antiviral drug development but without success except for immune prophylaxis for certain young infants. Two RSV proteins are associated with protection, F and G, and F is most often pursued for vaccine and antiviral drug development. Several features of the G protein suggest it could also be an important to vaccine or antiviral drug target design. We review features of G that effect biology of infection, the host immune response, and disease associated with infection. Though it is not clear how to fit these together into an integrated picture, it is clear that G mediates cell surface binding and facilitates cellular infection, modulates host responses that affect both immunity and disease, and its CX3C aa motif contributes to many of these effects. These features of G and the ability to block the effects with antibody, suggest G has substantial potential in vaccine and antiviral drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Samadhan J. Jadhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Clinton R. Paden
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.R.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Suxiang Tong
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.R.P.); (S.T.)
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26
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Altered ratio of dendritic cell subsets in skin-draining lymph nodes promotes Th2-driven contact hypersensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021364118. [PMID: 33431694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021364118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) specialize in the production of type I IFN (IFN-I). pDCs can be depleted in vivo by injecting diphtheria toxin (DT) in a mouse in which pDCs express a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgene driven by the human CLEC4C promoter. This promoter is enriched for binding sites for TCF4, a transcription factor that promotes pDC differentiation and expression of pDC markers, including CLEC4C. Here, we found that injection of DT in CLEC4C-DTR+ mice markedly augmented Th2-dependent skin inflammation in a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) induced by the hapten fluorescein isothiocyanate. Unexpectedly, this biased Th2 response was independent of reduced IFN-I accompanying pDC depletion. In fact, DT treatment altered the representation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in the skin-draining lymph nodes during the sensitization phase of CHS; there were fewer Th1-priming CD326+ CD103+ cDC1 and more Th2-priming CD11b+ cDC2. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of CLEC4C-DTR+ cDCs revealed that CD326+ DCs, like pDCs, expressed DTR and were depleted together with pDCs by DT treatment. Since CD326+ DCs did not express Tcf4, DTR expression might be driven by yet-undefined transcription factors activating the CLEC4C promoter. These results demonstrate that altered DC representation in the skin-draining lymph nodes during sensitization to allergens can cause Th2-driven CHS.
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27
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Lukowski SW, Rødahl I, Kelly S, Yu M, Gotley J, Zhou C, Millard S, Andersen SB, Christ AN, Belz G, Frazer IH, Chandra J. Absence of Batf3 reveals a new dimension of cell state heterogeneity within conventional dendritic cells. iScience 2021; 24:102402. [PMID: 33997687 PMCID: PMC8105636 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are traditionally subdivided into cDC1 and cDC2 lineages. Batf3 is a cDC1-required transcription factor, and we observed that Batf3−/− mice harbor a population of cDC1-like cells co-expressing cDC2-associated surface molecules. Using single-cell RNA sequencing with integrated cell surface protein expression (CITE-seq), we found that Batf3−/− mitotic immature cDC1-like cells showed reduced expression of cDC1 features and increased levels of cDC2 features. In wild type, we also observed a proportion of mature cDC1 cells expressing surface features characteristic to cDC2 and found that overall cDC cell state heterogeneity was mainly driven by developmental stage, proliferation, and maturity. We detected population diversity within Sirpa+ cDC2 cells, including a Cd33+ cell state expressing high levels of Sox4 and lineage-mixed features characteristic to cDC1, cDC2, pDCs, and monocytes. In conclusion, these data suggest that multiple cDC cell states can co-express lineage-overlapping features, revealing a level of previously unappreciated cDC plasticity. Single-cell proteogenomics identifies additional layers of DC heterogeneity cDC diversity is driven by proliferation, developmental stage, and maturation Lack of Batf3 increases cDCs with lineage-mixed features Sox4+ cDCs represent a cell state of lineage-mixed features
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Lukowski
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4067, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Inga Rødahl
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Samuel Kelly
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Meihua Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - James Gotley
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Susan Millard
- Mater Research, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, 4102 QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey B. Andersen
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4067, QLD, Australia
| | - Angelika N. Christ
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4067, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Belz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Corresponding author
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28
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Abstract
As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can induce both immune activation and immune tolerance according to the peripheral cues. Recent work has established that DCs comprise several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes both mouse and human DC subset phenotypes, development, diversification, and function. We focus on advances in our understanding of how different DC subsets regulate distinct CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation outcomes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper, and T regulatory cells. We review DC subset intrinsic properties, local tissue microenvironments, and other immune cells that together determine Th cell differentiation during homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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29
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Cabeza-Cabrerizo M, Cardoso A, Minutti CM, Pereira da Costa M, Reis E Sousa C. Dendritic Cells Revisited. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:131-166. [PMID: 33481643 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-061020-053707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) possess the ability to integrate information about their environment and communicate it to other leukocytes, shaping adaptive and innate immunity. Over the years, a variety of cell types have been called DCs on the basis of phenotypic and functional attributes. Here, we refocus attention on conventional DCs (cDCs), a discrete cell lineage by ontogenetic and gene expression criteria that best corresponds to the cells originally described in the 1970s. We summarize current knowledge of mouse and human cDC subsets and describe their hematopoietic development and their phenotypic and functional attributes. We hope that our effort to review the basic features of cDC biology and distinguish cDCs from related cell types brings to the fore the remarkable properties of this cell type while shedding some light on the seemingly inordinate complexity of the DC field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Ana Cardoso
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Carlos M Minutti
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Caetano Reis E Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom;
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30
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Environmental signals rather than layered ontogeny imprint the function of type 2 conventional dendritic cells in young and adult mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:464. [PMID: 33469015 PMCID: PMC7815729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are key activators of naive T cells, and can be targeted in adults to induce adaptive immunity, but in early life are considered under-developed or functionally immature. Here we show that, in early life, when the immune system develops, cDC2 exhibit a dual hematopoietic origin and, like other myeloid and lymphoid cells, develop in waves. Developmentally distinct cDC2 in early life, despite being distinguishable by fate mapping, are transcriptionally and functionally similar. cDC2 in early and adult life, however, are exposed to distinct cytokine environments that shape their transcriptional profile and alter their ability to sense pathogens, secrete cytokines and polarize T cells. We further show that cDC2 in early life, despite being distinct from cDC2 in adult life, are functionally competent and can induce T cell responses. Our results thus highlight the potential of harnessing cDC2 for boosting immunity in early life.
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31
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Lieberman B, Kusi M, Hung CN, Chou CW, He N, Ho YY, Taverna JA, Huang THM, Chen CL. Toward uncharted territory of cellular heterogeneity: advances and applications of single-cell RNA-seq. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 5:1-21. [PMID: 34322662 PMCID: PMC8315474 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among single-cell analysis technologies, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has been one of the front runners in technical inventions. Since its induction, scRNA-seq has been well received and undergone many fast-paced technical improvements in cDNA synthesis and amplification, processing and alignment of next generation sequencing reads, differentially expressed gene calling, cell clustering, subpopulation identification, and developmental trajectory prediction. scRNA-seq has been exponentially applied to study global transcriptional profiles in all cell types in humans and animal models, healthy or with diseases, including cancer. Accumulative novel subtypes and rare subpopulations have been discovered as potential underlying mechanisms of stochasticity, differentiation, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and aging. scRNA-seq has gradually revealed the uncharted territory of cellular heterogeneity in transcriptomes and developed novel therapeutic approaches for biomedical applications. This review of the advancement of scRNA-seq methods provides an exploratory guide of the quickly evolving technical landscape and insights of focused features and strengths in each prominent area of progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lieberman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Meena Kusi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Chou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ning He
- Department of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yen-Yi Ho
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Josephine A. Taverna
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tim H. M. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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32
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Wohn C, Le Guen V, Voluzan O, Fiore F, Henri S, Malissen B. Absence of MHC class II on cDC1 dendritic cells triggers fatal autoimmunity to a cross-presented self-antigen. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/45/eaba1896. [PMID: 32169954 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells expressing the XCR1 chemokine receptor (cDC1s) excel at cross-presentation. Here, we developed and used a mouse model in which a Cre recombinase is expressed under the control of the Xcr1 gene while preserving XCR1 expression. We used it to generate mice with conditional deletion of MHC class II (MHCII) molecules on cDC1s. By preventing cDC1s to receive suppressive regulatory T cell inputs via MHCII-restricted interactions, the objective of the present study was to gauge whether MHCII-deficient cDC1s lose their capacity of tolerizing autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Whereas MHCII+ cDC1 readily cross-tolerized strongly autoreactive CD8+ T cells specific for a keratinocyte-derived self-antigen, MHCII-deficient cDC1s converted them into potent effectors capable of triggering a fast-onset lethal autoimmunity associated with severe skin histopathological manifestations. Preventing egress of such pathogenic self-reactive CD8+ T cell effectors from the cutaneous draining lymph nodes abrogated the autoimmune condition. Therefore, our results revealed that the cross-tolerizing capacity of cDC1s is not a property fully acquired at the time they undergo homeostatic maturation but needs to be enforced via MHCII-restricted, suppressive interactions with regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wohn
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Valentin Le Guen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Odessa Voluzan
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France. .,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
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33
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Greene TT, Jo YR, Zuniga EI. Infection and cancer suppress pDC derived IFN-I. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 66:114-122. [PMID: 32947131 PMCID: PMC8526282 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized producers of Type I interferon (IFN-I) that promote anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. However, chronic infections and cancer inhibit pDC-derived IFN-I. While the mechanisms of this inhibition are multifarious they can be classified broadly into two categories: i) reduction or ablation of pDC IFN-I-production capacity (functional exhaustion) and/or ii) decrease in pDC numbers (altered population dynamics). Recent work has identified many processes that contribute to suppression of pDC-derived IFN-I during chronic infections and cancer, including sustained stimulation through Toll Like Receptors (TLRs), inhibitory microenvironments, inhibitory receptor ligation, and reduced development from bone marrow progenitors and apoptosis. Emerging success leveraging pDCs in treatment of disease through TLR activation illustrates the therapeutic potential of targeting pDCs. Deeper understanding of the systems that limit pDC-derived IFN-I has the potential to improve these emerging therapies as well as help devising new approaches that harness the outstanding IFN-I-production capacity of pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trever T Greene
- University of California San Diego, Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego, United States
| | - Yea-Ra Jo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego, United States
| | - Elina I Zuniga
- University of California San Diego, Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego, United States.
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34
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Leylek R, Alcántara-Hernández M, Lanzar Z, Lüdtke A, Perez OA, Reizis B, Idoyaga J. Integrated Cross-Species Analysis Identifies a Conserved Transitional Dendritic Cell Population. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3736-3750.e8. [PMID: 31825848 PMCID: PMC6951814 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are sensor cells with diverse immune functions, from type I interferon (IFN-I) production to antigen presentation, T cell activation, and tolerance. Regulation of these functions remains poorly understood but could be mediated by functionally specialized pDC subpopulations. We address pDC diversity using a high-dimensional single-cell approach: mass cytometry (CyTOF). Our analysis uncovers a murine pDC-like population that specializes in antigen presentation with limited capacity for IFN-I production. Using a multifaceted cross-species comparison, we show that this pDC-like population is the definitive murine equivalent of the recently described human AXL+ DCs, which we unify under the name transitional DCs (tDCs) given their continuum of pDC and cDC2 characteristics. tDCs share developmental traits with pDCs, as well as recruitment dynamics during viral infection. Altogether, we provide a framework for deciphering the function of pDCs and tDCs during diseases, which has the potential to open new avenues for therapeutic design. Dendritic cells (DCs) are unique therapeutic targets given their capacity to modulate immune responses. Yet complete alignment of the DC network between species is lacking. Using a multidimensional approach, Leylek et al. identify the mouse homolog of human AXL+ DCs, named transitional DCs (tDCs), and reveal their similarities with pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leylek
- Microbiology & Immunology Department and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcela Alcántara-Hernández
- Microbiology & Immunology Department and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zachary Lanzar
- Microbiology & Immunology Department and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anja Lüdtke
- Microbiology & Immunology Department and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oriana A Perez
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Microbiology & Immunology Department and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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35
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Imperato JN, Xu D, Romagnoli PA, Qiu Z, Perez P, Khairallah C, Pham QM, Andrusaite A, Bravo-Blas A, Milling SWF, Lefrancois L, Khanna KM, Puddington L, Sheridan BS. Mucosal CD8 T Cell Responses Are Shaped by Batf3-DC After Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575967. [PMID: 33042159 PMCID: PMC7518468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While immune responses have been rigorously examined after intravenous Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection, less is understood about its dissemination from the intestines or the induction of adaptive immunity after more physiologic models of foodborne infection. Consequently, this study focused on early events in the intestinal mucosa and draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) using foodborne infection of mice with Lm modified to invade murine intestinal epithelium (InlAMLm). InlAMLm trafficked intracellularly from the intestines to the MLN and were associated with Batf3-independent dendritic cells (DC) in the lymphatics. Consistent with this, InlAMLm initially disseminated from the gut to the MLN normally in Batf3–/– mice. Activated migratory DC accumulated in the MLN by 3 days post-infection and surrounded foci of InlAMLm. At this time Batf3–/– mice displayed reduced InlAMLm burdens, implicating cDC1 in maximal bacterial accumulation in the MLN. Batf3–/– mice also exhibited profound defects in the induction and gut-homing of InlAMLm-specific effector CD8 T cells. Restoration of pathogen burden did not rescue antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in Batf3–/– mice, indicating a critical role for Batf3 in generating anti-InlAMLm immunity following foodborne infection. Collectively, these data suggest that DC play diverse, dynamic roles in the early events following foodborne InlAMLm infection and in driving the establishment of intestinal Lm-specific effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nancy Imperato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Pablo A Romagnoli
- Centro de Investigacion en Medicina Traslacional Severo Amuchastegui, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Zhijuan Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Pedro Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Camille Khairallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Quynh-Mai Pham
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Anna Andrusaite
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon W F Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Lefrancois
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Lynn Puddington
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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36
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Rodrigues PF, Tussiwand R. Novel concepts in plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) development and differentiation. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:25-30. [PMID: 32739721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an immune subset specialized in the production of Type I Interferons (IFNs). They are characterized by co-expression of myeloid and lymphoid markers. Their developmental origin has been studied since their discovery and the identification of a myeloid progenitor capable of generating all dendritic cell (DC) subsets, including pDCs, led to their classification within the myeloid compartment. However, recent findings challenge this hypothesis and provide evidence for a lymphoid origin for the majority of pDCs 46-48. In this review we discuss and present the original myeloid and the newer lymphoid developmental trajectories of pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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37
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Abbas A, Vu Manh TP, Valente M, Collinet N, Attaf N, Dong C, Naciri K, Chelbi R, Brelurut G, Cervera-Marzal I, Rauwel B, Davignon JL, Bessou G, Thomas-Chollier M, Thieffry D, Villani AC, Milpied P, Dalod M, Tomasello E. The activation trajectory of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in vivo during a viral infection. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:983-997. [PMID: 32690951 PMCID: PMC7610367 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a major source of type I interferon (IFN-I). What other functions pDCs exert in vivo during viral infections is controversial, and more studies are needed to understand their orchestration. In the present study, we characterize in depth and link pDC activation states in animals infected by mouse cytomegalovirus by combining Ifnb1 reporter mice with flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, confocal microscopy and a cognate CD4 T cell activation assay. We show that IFN-I production and T cell activation were performed by the same pDC, but these occurred sequentially in time and in different micro-anatomical locations. In addition, we show that pDC commitment to IFN-I production was marked early on by their downregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and was promoted by cell-intrinsic tumor necrosis factor signaling. We propose a new model for how individual pDCs are endowed to exert different functions in vivo during a viral infection, in a manner tightly orchestrated in time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdenour Abbas
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Michael Valente
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Nils Collinet
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Noudjoud Attaf
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Chuang Dong
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Naciri
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Rabie Chelbi
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Geoffray Brelurut
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Inaki Cervera-Marzal
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.,Eura Nova, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Rauwel
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gilles Bessou
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Thomas-Chollier
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Denis Thieffry
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierre Milpied
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Dalod
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Elena Tomasello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
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38
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Dress RJ, Liu Z, Ginhoux F. Towards the better understanding of myelopoiesis using single-cell technologies. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:186-192. [PMID: 32388073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells and their progenitors have historically been characterized based on their expression of a well-defined set of surface proteins, transcription factors and cytokines they depend on. These traditional analyses on "bulk" myeloid cell populations led to valuable early insights into the ontogeny of dendritic cells, granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages - a process called myelopoiesis. However, bulk approaches have limitations: they are unable to discern the individual stages and functions of progenitors and may be compromised by contaminating cells of non-myeloid lineages with similar or overlapping phenotypes. In recent years the emergence of high dimensional technologies to interrogate single cells at the molecular level, including single-cell mRNA sequencing and mass cytometry, has revolutionised our understanding of immune cell development and differentiation. Here, we highlight how the use of single-cell technologies has advanced our understanding of myelopoiesis and the emerging opportunities for it to continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine J Dress
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology (SII), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology (SII), Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Singhealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre (STIIC), 20 College Road, the Academia, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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39
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Hu M, Bogoyevitch MA, Jans DA. Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection on Host Functions: Implications for Antiviral Strategies. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1527-1594. [PMID: 32216549 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of viral respiratory tract infection in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised worldwide, causing more deaths each year than influenza. Years of research into RSV since its discovery over 60 yr ago have elucidated detailed mechanisms of the host-pathogen interface. RSV infection elicits widespread transcriptomic and proteomic changes, which both mediate the host innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, and reflect RSV's ability to circumvent the host stress responses, including stress granule formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death. The combination of these events can severely impact on human lungs, resulting in airway remodeling and pathophysiology. The RSV membrane envelope glycoproteins (fusion F and attachment G), matrix (M) and nonstructural (NS) 1 and 2 proteins play key roles in modulating host cell functions to promote the infectious cycle. This review presents a comprehensive overview of how RSV impacts the host response to infection and how detailed knowledge of the mechanisms thereof can inform the development of new approaches to develop RSV vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- MengJie Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Nguyen WNT, Jacobsen EA, Finney CAM, Colarusso P, Patel KD. Intravital imaging of eosinophils: Unwrapping the enigma. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:83-91. [PMID: 32170880 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hr0220-396r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are traditionally associated with allergic and parasitic inflammation. More recently, eosinophils have also been shown to have roles in diverse processes including development, intestinal health, thymic selection, and B-cell survival with the majority of these insights being derived from murine models and in vitro assays. Despite this, tools to measure the dynamic activity of eosinophils in situ have been lacking. Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool that enables direct visualization of leukocytes and their dynamic behavior in real-time in a wide range of processes in both health and disease. Until recently eosinophil researchers have not been able to take full advantage of this technology due to a lack of tools such as genetically encoded reporter mice. This mini-review examines the history of intravital microscopy with a focus on eosinophils. The development and use of eosinophil-specific Cre (EoCre) mice to create GFP and tdTomato fluorescent reporter animals is also described. Genetically encoded eosinophil reporter mice combined with intravital microscopy provide a powerful tool to add to the toolbox of technologies that will help us unravel the mysteries still surrounding this cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N T Nguyen
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Constance A M Finney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kamala D Patel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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41
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Sesti-Costa R, Cervantes-Barragan L, Swiecki MK, Fachi JL, Cella M, Gilfillan S, Silva JS, Colonna M. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Inhibits Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Function and Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2257-2268. [PMID: 32169845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce abundant type I IFNs (IFN-I) in response to viral nucleic acids. Generation of pDCs from bone marrow dendritic cell (DC) progenitors and their maintenance is driven by the transcription factor E2-2 and inhibited by its repressor Id2. In this study, we find that mouse pDCs selectively express the receptor for LIF that signals through STAT3. Stimulation of pDCs with LIF inhibited IFN-I, TNF, and IL-6 responses to CpG and induced expression of the STAT3 targets SOCS3 and Bcl3, which inhibit IFN-I and NF-κB signaling. Moreover, although STAT3 has been also reported to induce E2-2, LIF paradoxically induced its repressor Id2. A late-stage bone marrow DC progenitor expressed low amounts of LIFR and developed into pDCs less efficiently after being exposed to LIF, consistent with the induction of Id2. Conversely, pDC development and serum IFN-I responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection were augmented in newly generated mice lacking LIFR in either CD11c+ or hematopoietic cells. Thus, an LIF-driven STAT3 pathway induces SOCS3, Bcl3, and Id2, which render pDCs and late DC progenitors refractory to physiological stimuli controlling pDC functions and development. This pathway can be potentially exploited to prevent inappropriate secretion of IFN-I in autoimmune diseases or promote IFN-I secretion during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sesti-Costa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Melissa K Swiecki
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil 14049-900
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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42
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Chen YL, Gomes T, Hardman CS, Vieira Braga FA, Gutowska-Owsiak D, Salimi M, Gray N, Duncan DA, Reynolds G, Johnson D, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Barlow JL, McKenzie AN, Teichmann SA, Haniffa M, Ogg G. Re-evaluation of human BDCA-2+ DC during acute sterile skin inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190811. [PMID: 31845972 PMCID: PMC7062525 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferon (IFN-I) and are traditionally defined as being BDCA-2+CD123+. pDCs are not readily detectable in healthy human skin, but have been suggested to accumulate in wounds. Here, we describe a CD1a-bearing BDCA-2+CD123int DC subset that rapidly infiltrates human skin wounds and comprises a major DC population. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that these cells are largely activated DCs acquiring features compatible with lymph node homing and antigen presentation, but unexpectedly express both BDCA-2 and CD123, potentially mimicking pDCs. Furthermore, a third BDCA-2-expressing population, Axl+Siglec-6+ DCs (ASDC), was also found to infiltrate human skin during wounding. These data demonstrate early skin infiltration of a previously unrecognized CD123intBDCA-2+CD1a+ DC subset during acute sterile inflammation, and prompt a re-evaluation of previously ascribed pDC involvement in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Gomes
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare S. Hardman
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felipe A. Vieira Braga
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicki Gray
- Centre for Computational Biology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - David A. Duncan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle, UK
- Department of Dermatology and National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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43
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Chappell‐Maor L, Kolesnikov M, Kim J, Shemer A, Haimon Z, Grozovski J, Boura‐Halfon S, Masuda T, Prinz M, Jung S. Comparative analysis of CreER transgenic mice for the study of brain macrophages: A case study. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:353-362. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masha Kolesnikov
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Jung‐Seok Kim
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Anat Shemer
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Zhana Haimon
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | | | | | - Takahiro Masuda
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSUniversity of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of ImmunologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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44
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Zhan Y, Kong I, Chopin M, Macri C, Zhang JG, Xie J, Nutt SL, O'Keeffe M, Hawkins ED, Morand EF, Lew AM. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells from parent strains of the NZB/W F1 lupus mouse contribute different characteristics to autoimmune propensity. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:203-214. [PMID: 31916630 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The NZB/W F1 (F1) mice develop severe disease that is similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus. By contrast, each parent strain, NZB or NZW, has limited autoimmunity, suggesting traits of both strains contribute to pathogenesis. Although many of the contributing genes have been identified, the contributing cellular abnormality associated with each parent strain remains unresolved. Given that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are key to the pathogenesis of lupus, we investigated the properties of pDCs from NZB and NZW mice. We found that NZB mouse had higher numbers of pDCs, with much of the increase being contributed by a more abundant CD8+ pDC subset. This was associated with prolonged survival and stronger proliferation of CD4+ T cells. By contrast, NZW pDCs had heightened capacity to produce interferon-α (IFNα) and IFNλ, and promoted stronger B-cell proliferation upon CpG stimulation. Thus, our data reveal the different functional and numerical characteristics of pDCs from NZW and NZB mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhan
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabella Kong
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Macri
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiaying Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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45
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Dewald HK, Hurley HJ, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P. Regulation of Transcription Factor E2-2 in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells by Monocyte-Derived TNFα. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020162. [PMID: 32023836 PMCID: PMC7077321 DOI: 10.3390/v12020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are innate immune cells and potent producers of interferon alpha (IFNα). Regulation of pDCs is crucial for prevention of aberrant IFN production. Transcription factor E2-2 (TCF4) regulates pDC development and function, but mechanisms of E2-2 control have not been investigated. We used freshly-isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with toll-like receptor 7, 9, and 4 agonists to determine which factors regulate E2-2. After activation, pDCs decreased E2-2 expression. E2-2 downregulation occurred during the upregulation of costimulatory markers, after maximal IFN production. In congruence with previous reports in mice, we found that primary human pDCs that maintained high E2-2 levels produced more IFN, and had less expression of costimulatory markers. Stimulation of purified pDCs did not lead to E2-2 downregulation; therefore, we investigated if cytokine signaling regulates E2-2 expression. We found that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) produced by monocytes caused decreased E2-2 expression. All together, we established that primary human pDCs decrease E2-2 in response to TNFα and E2-2 low pDCs produce less IFN but exhibit more costimulatory molecules. Altered expression of E2-2 may represent a mechanism to attenuate IFN production and increase activation of the adaptive immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K. Dewald
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (H.K.D.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Harry J. Hurley
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (H.K.D.); (H.J.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (H.K.D.); (H.J.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-972-5233
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46
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McKinsey GL, Lizama CO, Keown-Lang AE, Niu A, Santander N, Larpthaveesarp A, Chee E, Gonzalez FF, Arnold TD. A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease. eLife 2020; 9:54590. [PMID: 32573436 PMCID: PMC7375817 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, microglia are crucial for the phagocytosis of infectious agents, apoptotic cells and synapses. During brain injury or infection, bone-marrow derived macrophages invade neural tissue, making it difficult to distinguish between invading macrophages and resident microglia. In addition to circulation-derived monocytes, other non-microglial central nervous system (CNS) macrophage subtypes include border-associated meningeal, perivascular and choroid plexus macrophages. Using immunofluorescent labeling, flow cytometry and Cre-dependent ribosomal immunoprecipitations, we describe P2ry12-CreER, a new tool for the genetic targeting of microglia. We use this new tool to track microglia during embryonic development and in the context of ischemic injury and neuroinflammation. Because of the specificity and robustness of microglial recombination with P2ry12-CreER, we believe that this new mouse line will be particularly useful for future studies of microglial function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L McKinsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Carlos O Lizama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Amber E Keown-Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Abraham Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nicolas Santander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Amara Larpthaveesarp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Elin Chee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Fernando F Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Thomas D Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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47
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Pires CF, Rosa FF, Kurochkin I, Pereira CF. Understanding and Modulating Immunity With Cell Reprogramming. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2809. [PMID: 31921109 PMCID: PMC6917620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming concepts have been classically developed in the fields of developmental and stem cell biology and are currently being explored for regenerative medicine, given its potential to generate desired cell types for replacement therapy. Cell fate can be experimentally reversed or modified by enforced expression of lineage specific transcription factors leading to pluripotency or attainment of another somatic cell type identity. The possibility to reprogram fibroblasts into induced dendritic cells (DC) competent for antigen presentation creates a paradigm shift for understanding and modulating the immune system with direct cell reprogramming. PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 were identified as sufficient and necessary to impose DC fate in unrelated cell types, taking advantage of Clec9a, a C-type lectin receptor with restricted expression in conventional DC type 1. The identification of such minimal gene regulatory networks helps to elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing development and lineage heterogeneity along the hematopoietic hierarchy. Furthermore, the generation of patient-tailored reprogrammed immune cells provides new and exciting tools for the expanding field of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize cell reprogramming concepts and experimental approaches, review current knowledge at the intersection of cell reprogramming with hematopoiesis, and propose how cell fate engineering can be merged to immunology, opening new opportunities to understand the immune system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana F. Pires
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio F. Rosa
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Cell Reprogramming in Hematopoiesis and Immunity Laboratory, Lund Stem Cell Center, Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Leylek R, Idoyaga J. The versatile plasmacytoid dendritic cell: Function, heterogeneity, and plasticity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:177-211. [PMID: 31759431 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their identification as the natural interferon-producing cell two decades ago, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been attributed diverse functions in the immune response. Their most well characterized function is innate, i.e., their rapid and robust production of type-I interferon (IFN-I) in response to viruses. However, pDCs have also been implicated in antigen presentation, activation of adaptive immune responses and immunoregulation. The mechanisms by which pDCs enact these diverse functions are poorly understood. One central debate is whether these functions are carried out by different pDC subpopulations or by plasticity in the pDC compartment. This chapter summarizes the latest reports regarding pDC function, heterogeneity, cell conversion and environmentally influenced plasticity, as well as the role of pDCs in infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leylek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Balan S, Saxena M, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cell subsets and locations. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:1-68. [PMID: 31810551 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique class of immune cells that act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. The discovery of DCs by Cohen and Steinman in 1973 laid the foundation for DC biology, and the advances in the field identified different versions of DCs with unique properties and functions. DCs originate from hematopoietic stem cells, and their differentiation is modulated by Flt3L. They are professional antigen-presenting cells that patrol the environmental interphase, sites of infection, or infiltrate pathological tissues looking for antigens that can be used to activate effector cells. DCs are critical for the initiation of the cellular and humoral immune response and protection from infectious diseases or tumors. DCs can take up antigens using specialized surface receptors such as endocytosis receptors, phagocytosis receptors, and C type lectin receptors. Moreover, DCs are equipped with an array of extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors for sensing different danger signals. Upon sensing the danger signals, DCs get activated, upregulate costimulatory molecules, produce various cytokines and chemokines, take up antigen and process it and migrate to lymph nodes where they present antigens to both CD8 and CD4 T cells. DCs are classified into different subsets based on an integrated approach considering their surface phenotype, expression of unique and conserved molecules, ontogeny, and functions. They can be broadly classified as conventional DCs consisting of two subsets (DC1 and DC2), plasmacytoid DCs, inflammatory DCs, and Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekumar Balan
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Mansi Saxena
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
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50
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Boyoglu-Barnum S, Chirkova T, Anderson LJ. Biology of Infection and Disease Pathogenesis to Guide RSV Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1675. [PMID: 31402910 PMCID: PMC6677153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in young children and a substantial contributor to respiratory tract disease throughout life and as such a high priority for vaccine development. However, after nearly 60 years of research no vaccine is yet available. The challenges to developing an RSV vaccine include the young age, 2-4 months of age, for the peak of disease, the enhanced RSV disease associated with the first RSV vaccine, formalin-inactivated RSV with an alum adjuvant (FI-RSV), and difficulty achieving protection as illustrated by repeat infections with disease that occur throughout life. Understanding the biology of infection and disease pathogenesis has and will continue to guide vaccine development. In this paper, we review the roles that RSV proteins play in the biology of infection and disease pathogenesis and the corresponding contribution to live attenuated and subunit RSV vaccines. Each of RSV's 11 proteins are in the design of one or more vaccines. The G protein's contribution to disease pathogenesis through altering host immune responses as well as its role in the biology of infection suggest it can make a unique contribution to an RSV vaccine, both live attenuated and subunit vaccines. One of G's potential unique contributions to a vaccine is the potential for anti-G immunity to have an anti-inflammatory effect independent of virus replication. Though an anti-viral effect is essential to an effective RSV vaccine, it is important to remember that the goal of a vaccine is to prevent disease. Thus, other effects of the infection, such as G's alteration of the host immune response may provide opportunities to induce responses that block this effect and improve an RSV vaccine. Keeping in mind the goal of a vaccine is to prevent disease and not virus replication may help identify new strategies for other vaccine challenges, such as improving influenza vaccines and developing HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Larry J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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