1
|
Lusta KA, Summerhill VI, Khotina VA, Sukhorukov VN, Glanz VY, Orekhov AN. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:289-304. [PMID: 38805145 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore the intriguing and evolving connections between bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (BEMNs) and atherosclerosis development, highlighting the evidence on molecular mechanisms by which BEMNs can promote the athero-inflammatory process that is central to the progression of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily driven by metabolic and lifestyle factors; however, some studies have suggested that bacterial infections may contribute to the development of both atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. In particular, the participation of BEMNs in atherosclerosis pathogenesis has attracted special attention. We provide some general insights into how the immune system responds to potential threats such as BEMNs during the development of atherosclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of contribution of BEMNs to atherosclerosis pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Lusta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Department of Research and Development, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
| | - Victoria A Khotina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor Y Glanz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Research and Development, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Settem RP, Ruscitto A, Chinthamani S, Honma K, Sharma A. Tannerella forsythia scavenges Fusobacterium nucleatum secreted NOD2 stimulatory molecules to dampen oral epithelial cell inflammatory response. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:40-46. [PMID: 37459655 PMCID: PMC10792118 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The oral organism Tannerella forsythia is auxotrophic for peptidoglycan amino sugar N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). It survives in the oral cavity by scavenging MurNAc- and MurNAc-linked peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) secreted by co-habiting bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum with which it forms synergistic biofilms. Muropeptides, MurNAc-l-Ala-d-isoGln (MDP, muramyl dipeptide) and d-γ-glutamyl-meso-DAP (iE-DAP dipeptide), are strong immunostimulatory molecules that activate nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like innate immune receptors and induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we utilized an in vitro T. forsythia-F. nucleatum co-culture model to determine if T. forsythia can selectively scavenge NOD ligands from the environment and impact NOD-mediated inflammation. The results showed that NOD-stimulatory molecules were secreted by F. nucleatum in the spent culture broth, which subsequently induced cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression in oral epithelial cells. In the spent broth from T. forsythia-F. nucleatum co-cultures, the NOD-stimulatory activity was significantly reduced. These data indicated that F. nucleatum releases NOD2-stimulatory muropeptides in the environment, and T. forsythia can effectively scavenge the muropeptides released by co-habiting bacteria to dampen NOD-mediated host responses. This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that peptidoglycan scavenging by T. forsythia can impact the innate immunity of oral epithelium by dampening NOD activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kiyonobu Honma
- Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang X, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Liu C, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Lu X, Tang L. Identification of key biomarkers for predicting CAD progression in inflammatory bowel disease via machine-learning and bioinformatics strategies. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18175. [PMID: 38451044 PMCID: PMC10919158 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the biomarkers for predicting coronary atherosclerotic lesions progression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Related transcriptome datasets were seized from Gene Expression Omnibus database. IBD-related modules were identified via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. The 'Limma' was applied to screen differentially expressed genes between stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Subsequently, we employed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and three machine-learning strategies to further screen for candidate hub genes. Application of the receiver operating characteristics curve to quantitatively evaluate candidates to determine key diagnostic biomarkers, followed by a nomogram construction. Ultimately, we performed immune landscape analysis, single-gene GSEA and prediction of target-drugs. 3227 IBD-related module genes and 570 DEGs accounting for AMI were recognized. Intersection yielded 85 shared genes and mostly enriched in immune and inflammatory pathways. After filtering through PPI network and multi-machine learning algorithms, five candidate genes generated. Upon validation, CTSD, CEBPD, CYP27A1 were identified as key diagnostic biomarkers with a superior sensitivity and specificity (AUC > 0.8). Furthermore, all three genes were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and positively correlated with neutrophils. Single-gene GSEA highlighted the importance of pathogen invasion, metabolism, immune and inflammation responses during the pathogenesis of AMI. Ten target-drugs were predicted. The discovery of three peripheral blood biomarkers capable of predicting the risk of CAD proceeding into AMI in IBD patients. These identified biomarkers were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and positively correlated with neutrophils, indicating a latent therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Tang
- School of MedicineShaoxing UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsShaoxing People's Hospital (Zhejiang University School of Medicine)ShaoxingChina
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular SurgeryShaoxing People's HospitalShaoxingChina
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- School of MedicineShaoxing UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular SurgeryShaoxing People's HospitalShaoxingChina
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of MedicineShaoxing UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Xuanyuan Lu
- Department of OrthopedicsShaoxing People's Hospital (Zhejiang University School of Medicine)ShaoxingChina
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular SurgeryShaoxing People's HospitalShaoxingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tjandra PM, Ripplinger CM, Christiansen BA. The heart-bone connection: relationships between myocardial infarction and osteoporotic fracture. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H845-H856. [PMID: 38305753 PMCID: PMC11062618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00576.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) and osteoporotic fracture (Fx) are two of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although these traumatic injuries are treated as if they are independent, there is epidemiological evidence linking the incidence of Fx and MI, thus raising the question of whether each of these events can actively influence the risk of the other. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, the chronic conditions leading to MI and Fx, are known to have shared pathoetiology. Furthermore, sustained systemic inflammation after traumas such as MI and Fx has been shown to exacerbate both underlying chronic conditions. However, the effects of MI and Fx outside their own system have not been well studied. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the complement system initiate a systemic response after MI that could lead to subsequent changes in bone remodeling through osteoclasts. Similarly, SNS and complement system activation following fracture could lead to heart tissue damage and exacerbate atherosclerosis. To determine whether damaging bone-heart cross talk may be important comorbidity following Fx or MI, this review details the current understanding of bone loss after MI, cardiovascular damage after Fx, and possible shared underlying mechanisms of these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M Tjandra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis Health, Davis, California, United States
| | - Blaine A Christiansen
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lillis KV, Austah O, Grinceviciute R, Garlet GP, Diogenes A. Nociceptors regulate osteoimmune transcriptomic response to infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17601. [PMID: 37845223 PMCID: PMC10579402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmune diseases, such as apical periodontitis, are prevalent, often painful, inflammatory conditions resulting in bone loss and reduced quality of life. There is growing evidence that the nociceptive fibers densely innervating affected tissues regulate disease progression; therefore, we hypothesized that nociceptors regulate the transcriptomic profile of the periapical osteolytic lesion in a mouse model of apical periodontitis. Male control and nociceptor-ablated mice underwent pulp exposures, and after 0, 7, or 14 days, total RNA from periapical tissues was submitted for sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Pulp exposure triggers the differential expression of hundreds of genes over the course of infection. At 14 days post pulp exposure, 422 genes, including Tnf, Il1a, and Il1b, were differentially expressed between nociceptor-ablated and control mice with greater enrichment of biological processes related to inflammation in nociceptor-ablated mice. Nociceptor ablation regulates the transcriptomic profile of periapical lesions in a mouse model of apical periodontitis, shifting the gene expression profile to a greater enrichment of inflammatory genes, suggesting nociceptors play a role in the kinetics of the immune response. This newly uncovered neuro-immune axis and its mechanisms in apical periodontitis can be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of this prevalent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine V Lillis
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Obadah Austah
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruta Grinceviciute
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kittaka M, Yoshimoto T, Levitan ME, Urata R, Choi RB, Teno Y, Xie Y, Kitase Y, Prideaux M, Dallas SL, Robling AG, Ueki Y. Osteocyte RANKL Drives Bone Resorption in Mouse Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1521-1540. [PMID: 37551879 PMCID: PMC11140853 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Mouse ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) has been used to study bone loss in periodontitis. However, the role of osteocytes in LIP remains unclear. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the choice of alveolar bone parameters and time points to evaluate LIP. Here, we investigated the dynamics of changes in osteoclastogenesis and bone volume (BV) loss in LIP over 14 days. Time-course analysis revealed that osteoclast induction peaked on days 3 and 5, followed by the peak of BV loss on day 7. Notably, BV was restored by day 14. The bone formation phase after the bone resorption phase was suggested to be responsible for the recovery of bone loss. Electron microscopy identified bacteria in the osteocyte lacunar space beyond the periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue. We investigated how osteocytes affect bone resorption of LIP and found that mice lacking receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), predominantly in osteocytes, protected against bone loss in LIP, whereas recombination activating 1 (RAG1)-deficient mice failed to resist it. These results indicate that T/B cells are dispensable for osteoclast induction in LIP and that RANKL from osteocytes and mature osteoblasts regulates bone resorption by LIP. Remarkably, mice lacking the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) did not show protection against LIP-induced bone loss. Instead, osteocytic cells expressed nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1), and primary osteocytes induced significantly higher Rankl than primary osteoblasts when stimulated with a NOD1 agonist. Taken together, LIP induced both bone resorption and bone formation in a stage-dependent manner, suggesting that the selection of time points is critical for quantifying bone loss in mouse LIP. Pathogenetically, the current study suggests that bacterial activation of osteocytes via NOD1 is involved in the mechanism of osteoclastogenesis in LIP. The NOD1-RANKL axis in osteocytes may be a therapeutic target for bone resorption in periodontitis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kittaka
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Tetsuya Yoshimoto
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Marcus E Levitan
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Rina Urata
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Roy B Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Yayoi Teno
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Yixia Xie
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Dentistry Kansas City MO USA
| | - Yukiko Kitase
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Missouri Kansas City, School of Dentistry Kansas City MO USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Ueki
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis IN USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu F, Duan Y, Liu C, Huang H, Xiao X, He Z. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification: the versatile non-coding RNAs from endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193660. [PMID: 37469665 PMCID: PMC10352799 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. Vascular calcification (VC), the deposition of calcium and phosphate within the arterial wall, is an important characteristic of AS natural history. However, medial arterial calcification (MAC) differs from intimal calcification and cannot simply be explained as the consequence of AS. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are directly involved in AS and VC processes. Understanding the communication between ECs and VSMCs is critical in revealing mechanisms underlying AS and VC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found as intercellular messengers in kinds of physiological processes and pathological progression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) encapsulated in EVs are involved in AS and VC, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The effects of ncRNAs have not been comprehensively understood, especially encapsulated in EVs. Some ncRNAs have demonstrated significant roles in AS and VC, but it remains unclear the functions of the majority ncRNAs detected in EVs. In this review, we summarize ncRNAs encapsulated in EC-EVs and VSMC-EVs, and the signaling pathways that are involved in AS and VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chongmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangxiu He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gast M, Nageswaran V, Kuss AW, Tzvetkova A, Wang X, Mochmann LH, Rad PR, Weiss S, Simm S, Zeller T, Voelzke H, Hoffmann W, Völker U, Felix SB, Dörr M, Beling A, Skurk C, Leistner DM, Rauch BH, Hirose T, Heidecker B, Klingel K, Nakagawa S, Poller WC, Swirski FK, Haghikia A, Poller W. tRNA-like Transcripts from the NEAT1-MALAT1 Genomic Region Critically Influence Human Innate Immunity and Macrophage Functions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243970. [PMID: 36552736 PMCID: PMC9777231 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved NEAT1-MALAT1 gene cluster generates large noncoding transcripts remaining nuclear, while tRNA-like transcripts (mascRNA, menRNA) enzymatically generated from these precursors translocate to the cytosol. Whereas functions have been assigned to the nuclear transcripts, data on biological functions of the small cytosolic transcripts are sparse. We previously found NEAT1-/- and MALAT1-/- mice to display massive atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Here, employing selective targeted disruption of menRNA or mascRNA, we investigate the tRNA-like molecules as critical components of innate immunity. CRISPR-generated human ΔmascRNA and ΔmenRNA monocytes/macrophages display defective innate immune sensing, loss of cytokine control, imbalance of growth/angiogenic factor expression impacting upon angiogenesis, and altered cell-cell interaction systems. Antiviral response, foam cell formation/oxLDL uptake, and M1/M2 polarization are defective in ΔmascRNA/ΔmenRNA macrophages, defining first biological functions of menRNA and describing new functions of mascRNA. menRNA and mascRNA represent novel components of innate immunity arising from the noncoding genome. They appear as prototypes of a new class of noncoding RNAs distinct from others (miRNAs, siRNAs) by biosynthetic pathway and intracellular kinetics. Their NEAT1-MALAT1 region of origin appears as archetype of a functionally highly integrated RNA processing system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gast
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanasa Nageswaran
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ana Tzvetkova
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liliana H Mochmann
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pegah Ramezani Rad
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry Voelzke
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan B Felix
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antje Beling
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Skurk
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - David-Manuel Leistner
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
- Department Human Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Research Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Wolfram C Poller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Poller
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Site Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reddy PRS, Sambyal S, Mhamane TB, Sravanthi V, Shafi S, Khan IA, Sampath Kumar HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-azido muramyl dipeptide as NOD2 agonistic adjuvants. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 66:116781. [PMID: 35569249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2-Azido muramyl dipeptide was synthesized by the bio-isosteric replacement of the N-acetyl group of the muramic acid fragment with the azide functionality at the C2 position. In order to examine the effect of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance on the adjuvant activity, derivatives were synthesized by removing protecting groups sequentially to tune the polarity. Amongst five novel azido derivatives of MDP studied here, di- and mono-benzylated azido derivatives 10 and 11 exhibited good DENV specific antibody(IgG) response with Th1 polarization compared to parent compound Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) whereas all five new derivatives responded positively to NOD2 agonistic assays with compound 10 showing highest stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paturu Rama Subba Reddy
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Shainy Sambyal
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Tukaram B Mhamane
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Vemireddy Sravanthi
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Imran A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Halmuthur M Sampath Kumar
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, OSPC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu J, Dusenge MA, Ye Q, Zhao YQ, Tan L, Feng Y, Zhao J, Gao ZR, Zhang SH, Chen Y, Zhou YH, Guo Y, Feng YZ. Role of NOD2 and hepcidin in inflammatory periapical periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:263. [PMID: 35764993 PMCID: PMC9241313 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological response occurring during periapical inflammation includes expression of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 and hepcidin. Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 deficiency increases infiltration of inflammatory cells close to alveolar bone. Hepcidin has an important role in iron metabolism affecting bone metabolism.We investigated the role of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 and hepcidin in inflammatory periapical periodontitis. Periapical periodontitis was induced in rats and confirmed by micro-computed tomography. Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 and hepcidin were evaluated through immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics analysis was undertaken usingthe Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology databases. Micro-computer tomography revealed alveolar bone resorption in the periapical region and furcation area of mandibular molars in rats of the periapical periodontitis group. Immunohistochemistry showed increased expressionof nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 and hepcidin around root apices in rats of the periapical periodontitis group. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in inflamed and non-inflamed tissues revealed enrichment in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Our data suggest that nucleotide binding oligomization domain contain2 and hepcidin have important roles in periapical periodontitis severity because they can reduce alveolar bone loss.They could elicit new perspectives for development of novel strategies for periapical periodontitis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han P, Liu T, Vaquette C, Frazer D, Anderson G, Ivanovski S. Iron accumulation is associated with periodontal destruction in a mouse model of HFE-related haemochromatosis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:294-304. [PMID: 34855211 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Hfe gene mutation on the distribution of iron and periodontal bone loss in periodontal tissues. BACKGROUND DATA It remains unclear how tissue iron loading affects the periodontium architectures in a genetic animal model of hereditary haemochromatosis (HH). METHODS Male C57BL/6 Hfe-/- (8 weeks old) and wild-type (WT) mice were utilized to examine the iron distribution in periodontal tissues, as well as periodontal tissues changes using micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. Furthermore, tissue inflammatory mediators, bone markers and periodontal pathogens were carried out in PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using ELISA, RT-qPCR and genomic DNA qPCR, respectively. RESULTS Excessive iron deposition was found in the periodontal ligament, gingiva and alveolar bone in Hfe-/- mice relative to their WT counterparts. This, in turn, was associated with significant periodontal bone loss, increased cemento-enamel junction-alveolar bone crest distance and decreased expression of molecules involved in bone development and turnover. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine - interleukin 6 and periodontal bacteria - Campylobacter rectus were significantly increased in Hfe-/- mice compared with WT controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the iron loading in a mouse model of HH decreases alveolar bone formation and leads to alterations in the inflammatory state in the periodontium. Periodontal health should be assessed during the clinical assessment of HFE-HH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostics and therapeutics Group, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Tianqing Liu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - David Frazer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gregory Anderson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostics and therapeutics Group, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Knockdown of circular RNA hsa_circ_0003204 inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis through the miR-330-5p/Nod2 axis to ameliorate endothelial cell injury induced by low-density lipoprotein. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:140-151. [PMID: 34764783 PMCID: PMC8568026 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0003204 (hsa_circ_0003204) was elevated in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells. However, the role and molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0003204 in the AS process have not been studied. Material and methods Human primary aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish the AS model. The viability of ox-LDL-induced HAECs was assessed by counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in ox-LDL-induced HAECs supernatant were evaluated with the relevant kits. The apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced HAECs was determined via flow cytometry assay. The expression of hsa_circ_0003204, miR-330-5p, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2) was analyzed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The relationship between hsa_circ_0003204 or Nod2 and miR-330-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Protein level of Nod2 was detected using western blot analysis. Results Hsa_circ_0003204 and Nod2 were upregulated while miR-330-5p was decreased in ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Hsa_circ_0003204 depletion restrained the oxidative stress and apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Notably, hsa_circ_0003204 regulated Nod2 expression via sponging miR-330-5p in HAECs. Moreover, miR-330-5p inhibition restored the constraint of the oxidative stress and apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced HAECs caused by hsa_circ_0003204 silencing. Additionally, miR-330-5p targeted Nod2 and Nod2 enhancement abolished the repressive effects of miR-330-5p overexpression on the oxidative stress and apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced HAECs. Conclusions Hsa_circ_0003204 exhaustion mitigated endothelial cell injury through suppressing the oxidative stress and apoptosis in ox-LDL-induced HAECs via the miR-330-5p/Nod2 axis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Charoensaensuk V, Chen YC, Lin YH, Ou KL, Yang LY, Lu DY. Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression Leading to Apoptotic Death through the Oxidative Stress/NF-κB Pathway in Brain Endothelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:3033. [PMID: 34831265 PMCID: PMC8616253 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, has been proposed to cause blood vessel injury leading to cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. Brain endothelial cells compose the blood-brain barrier that protects homeostasis of the central nervous system. However, whether P. gingivalis causes the death of endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact and regulatory mechanisms of P. gingivalis infection in brain endothelial cells. We used bEnd.3 cells and primary mouse endothelial cells to assess the effects of P. gingivalis on endothelial cells. Our results showed that infection with live P. gingivalis, unlike heat-killed P. gingivalis, triggers brain endothelial cell death by inducing cell apoptosis. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, activated NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a most frequently used antioxidant, treatment significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced cell apoptosis and brain endothelial cell death. The enhancement of ROS production, NF-κB p65 activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression was also attenuated by NAC treatment. The impact of P. gingivalis on brain endothelial cells was also confirmed using adult primary mouse brain endothelial cells (MBECs). In summary, our results showed that P. gingivalis up-regulates IL-1β and TNF-α protein expression, which consequently causes cell death of brain endothelial cells through the ROS/NF-κB pathway. Our results, together with the results of previous case-control studies and epidemiologic reports, strongly support the hypothesis that periodontal infection increases the risk of developing cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vichuda Charoensaensuk
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (V.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ho Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (V.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- 3D Global Biotech Inc., New Taipei City 22175, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Neural Repair, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang J, Shan S, Lyu A, Wan Y, Zhang J. Helianthus Annuus L. Alleviates High-Fat Diet Induced Atherosclerosis by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota, Inhibiting Inflammation and Restraining Oxidative Stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1683-1701. [PMID: 34521318 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helianthus Annuus L. (HAL) is composed of flavonoids and polysaccharides. Flavonoids have demonstrated beneficial effects on atherosclerosis (AS). The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerosis effect and the related mechanism of HAL. In this study, the AS model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) mice that lacked apolipoprotein E (Apoe[Formula: see text] received feed containing 5% HAL for 24 weeks. After administration, the analysis of plaque on aorta was conducted, and the possible mechanisms were further explored. With HAL treatment, the size of atherosclerotic lesions in HFD-induced AS model mice was reduced. HAL ameliorated dyslipidemia and decreased the combined ratio. HAL up-regulated concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and down-regulated concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aorta. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis showed that HAL also reduced diversity of the intestinal microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased the relative abundance of probiotics such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus. In the end, HAL decreased the permeability of intestine by increasing the levels of occludin and tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) in the colon, consequently decreasing concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1[Formula: see text] and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text] in serum and mRNA expressions in the aorta. Data showed that HAL alleviates AS by restraining oxidative stress, regulating intestinal microbiota, decreasing intestinal permeability and inhibiting inflammation. Our findings provided novel insights into the role and mechanism of anti-atherogenic potential of HAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Huabei Petroleum Administration Bureau, Renqiu, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sleutjes JAM, van Lennep JER, van der Woude CJ, de Vries AC. Thromboembolic and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211032126. [PMID: 34377149 PMCID: PMC8323448 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211032126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased risk of CVD concerns an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure (HF), at corresponding relative risks of 2.5, 1.2 and 2.0, respectively, as compared with the general population. Especially young patients under the age of 40 years run a relatively high risk of these complications when compared with the general population. Chronic systemic inflammation causes a hypercoagulable state leading to the prothrombotic tendency characteristic of VTE, and accelerates all stages involved during atherogenesis in ASCVD. Increased awareness of VTE risk is warranted in patients with extensive colonic disease in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as during hospitalization, especially when patients are scheduled for surgery. Similarly, critical periods for ASCVD events are the 3 months prior to and 3 months after an IBD-related hospital admission. The increased ASCVD risk is not fully explained by an increased prevalence of traditional risk factors and includes pro-atherogenc lipid profiles with high levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Risk factors associated with HF are location and extent of inflammation, female sex, and age exceeding 40 years. A dose-dependent increase of overall CVD risk has been reported for corticosteroids. Immunomodulating maintenance therapy might reduce CVD risk in IBD, not only by a direct reduction of chronic systemic inflammation but possibly also by a direct effect of IBD medication on platelet aggregation, endothelial function and lipid and glucose metabolism. More data are needed to define these effects accurately. Despite accumulating evidence on the increased CVD risk in IBD, congruent recommendations to develop preventive strategies are lacking. This literature review provides an overview of current knowledge and identifies gaps in evidence regarding CVD risk in IBD, by discussing epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn A. M. Sleutjes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - C. Janneke van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie C. de Vries
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Room Na-618, Rotterdam
3015GD, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi H, Dey AK, Priyamvara A, Aksentijevich M, Bandyopadhya D, Dey D, Dani S, Guha A, Nambiar P, Nasir K, Jneid H, Mehta NN, Lavie C, Amar S. Role of Periodontal Infection, Inflammation and Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 46:100638. [PMID: 32646544 PMCID: PMC8761259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. The well-established relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and CVD may be causal. Left untreated, PD can lead to high systemic inflammation, thus contributing to inflammatory CVD, such as atherosclerosis. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate the causal relationship between PD and its contribution to CVD. OBJECTIVE This review article highlights the current evidence supporting the role of PD in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. METHODS After creating a list of relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms, a systematic search within PubMed in English for each MeSH term between 2000 and 2019 was used to generate evidence for this review article. CONCLUSION There is overwhelming evidence in the current literature that supports an association between PD and CVD that is independent of known CVD risk factors. However, the supporting evidence that PD directly causes CVD in humans continues to remain elusive. Multiple biologically plausible mechanisms have been proposed and investigated, yet most studies are limited to mouse models and in vitro cell cultures. Additional studies testing the various proposed mechanisms in longitudinal human studies are required to provide deeper insight into the mechanistic link between these 2 related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Choi
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit K. Dey
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nehal N. Mehta
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carl Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School-UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Catunda RQ, Ho KKY, Patel S, Febbraio M. A 2-plane micro-computed tomographic alveolar bone measurement approach in mice. Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51:389-398. [PMID: 34987999 PMCID: PMC8695470 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study introduces a standardized 2-plane approach using 8 landmarks to assess alveolar bone levels in mice using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods Bone level differences were described as distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC) and as percentages of vertical bone height and vertical bone loss, comparing mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) to controls. Eight measurements were obtained per tooth: 2 in the sagittal plane (mesial and distal) and 6 in the coronal plane (mesiobuccal, middle-buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, middle-lingual, and distolingual). Results Significant differences in the CEJ-to-ABC distance between Pg-infected mice and controls were found in the coronal plane (middle-lingual, mesiobuccal, and distolingual for the first molar; and mesiobuccal, middle-buccal, and distolingual for the second molar). In the sagittal plane, the distal measurement of the second molar was different. The middle-buccal, mesiobuccal, and distolingual sites of the first and second molars showed vertical bone loss relative to controls; the second molar middle-lingual site was also different. In the sagittal plane, the mesial sites of the first and second molars and the distal site of the second molar showed loss. Significantly different vertical bone height percentages were found for the mesial and distal sites of the second molar (sagittal plane) and the middle-lingual and distolingual sites of the first molar(coronal plane). Conclusion A reliable, standardized technique for linear periodontal assessments in mice is described. Alveolar bone loss occurred mostly on the lingual surface of the coronal plane, which is often omitted in studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Queiroz Catunda
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Ho
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Srushti Patel
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Genetic variation in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 immune sensors and risk of osteoporosis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:225468. [PMID: 32578848 PMCID: PMC7332673 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the Turkish population. The first time we thought that the functional polymorphisms in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genes might have triggered the development of osteoporosis. The objective of our study was to determine the relationship between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 SNPs and osteoporosis. The NOD1/CARD4 (rs5743336) and NOD2/CARD15 (rs2066847) SNPs were analyzed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 94 healthy controls and 164 subjects with osteoporosis. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes AvaI for NOD1/CARD4 and ApaI for NOD2/CARD15. We found that NOD1/CARD4 genotype distribution of AA, GA and GG were 15, 44 and 41% for patients and 17, 46 and 37% for controls, respectively. NOD2/CARD15 mutation was found only in three patients (1.8%) as heterozygote. The results did not show any statistical difference between NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genotype distribution of patients and healthy groups (χ2 = 1.740, P=0.187; χ2 = 1.311, P=0.519). However, the most frequent AG genotype (46%) of NOD1/CARD4 was observed in healthy controls, GG genotype (44%) of NOD1/CARD4 was observed as the most frequent in osteoporotic patients. NOD2/CARD15 WT/WT genotype, the most frequent genotype, was observed in both groups. Statistical analysis revealed that NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms are not associated with osteoporosis. However, a definite judgement is difficult to be made due to restricted number of patients and small size of control group. Further research is sorely warranted in this direction.
Collapse
|
19
|
Vlacil AK, Schuett J, Ruppert V, Soufi M, Oberoi R, Shahin K, Wächter C, Tschernig T, Lei Y, Liu F, Tietge UJF, Schieffer B, Schuett H, Grote K. Deficiency of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NOD) 1 and 2 reduces atherosclerosis. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:47. [PMID: 32588196 PMCID: PMC7316681 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is crucially fueled by inflammatory pathways including pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-related signaling of the innate immune system. Currently, the impact of the cytoplasmic PRRs nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) 1 and 2 is incompletely characterized. We, therefore, generated Nod1/Nod2 double knockout mice on a low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient background (= Ldlr−/−Nod1/2−/−) which were subsequently analyzed regarding experimental atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and gut microbiota composition. Compared to Ldlr−/− mice, Ldlr−/−Nod1/2−/− mice showed reduced plasma lipids and increased hepatic expression of the scavenger receptor LDL receptor-related protein 1 after feeding a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Furthermore, intestinal cholesterol and its bacterial degradation product coprostanol were elevated in Ldlr−/−Nod1/2−/− mice, correlating with the increased abundance of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes as assessed by 3rd generation sequencing of the gut microbiota. Atherosclerotic plaques of Ldlr−/−Nod1/2−/− mice exhibited less lipid deposition and macrophage accumulation. Moreover, macrophages from Ldlr−/−Nod1/2−/− mice showed higher expression of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 and accordingly reduced foam cell formation. Deficiency of Nod1 and Nod2 led to reduced plaque lipid deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. This might be explained by diminished plasma lipid levels and foam cell formation due to altered expression of key regulators of the hepatic cholesterol pathway as well as differential intestinal cholesterol metabolism and microbiota composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Vlacil
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Schuett
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Ruppert
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Muhidien Soufi
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Raghav Oberoi
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kinan Shahin
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wächter
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Campus Homburg/Saar, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yu Lei
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fan Liu
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Uwe J F Tietge
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernhard Schieffer
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Schuett
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Grote
- Cardiology and Angiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Egea-Zorrilla A, Plaza-Díaz J, Aragón-Vela J, Muñoz-Quezada S, Tercedor-Sánchez L, Abadia-Molina F. The Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:605. [PMID: 32110880 PMCID: PMC7146472 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of gut microbiota in health and disease is being highlighted by numerous research groups worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, is responsible for about 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been identified as a remarkable factor to be considered in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we briefly discuss how external factors such as dietary and physical activity habits influence host-microbiota and atherogenesis, the potential mechanisms of the influence of gut microbiota in host blood pressure and the alterations in the prevalence of those bacterial genera affecting vascular tone and the development of hypertension. We will also be examining the microbiota as a therapeutic target in the prevention of CVDs and the beneficial mechanisms of probiotic administration related to cardiovascular risks. All these new insights might lead to novel analysis and CVD therapeutics based on the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Egea-Zorrilla
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile;
- National Agency for Medicines (ANAMED), Public Health Institute, Santiago 7780050, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Abadia-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu X, Ma C, Duan Z, Du Y, Liu C. lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 Mediates Oxidative Low-Density Lipoprotein-Mediated Endothelial Cells Injury by Post-transcriptional Stabilization of NOD2. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 31040785 PMCID: PMC6477043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can induce injury of endothelial cells, causing atherosclerosis, which is an important initial event in several cardiovascular diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of diverse biological processes, but their specific biological functions and biochemical mechanisms in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury have not been well investigated. Here, we describe the initial functional analysis of a poorly characterized human lncRNA ZEB1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1). We found that ox-LDL treatment could induce a decreased cell viability and an increased cell apoptosis in endothelial cells, and knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 significantly reversed this effect. Mechanistically, ox-LDL treatment could sequester p53 from binding to ZEB1-AS1 promoter region, causing transcriptional activation and upregulation of ZEB1-AS1. Moreover, enhanced ZEB1-AS1 could upregulate Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 (NOD2) expression through recruiting leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat motif-containing protein (LRPPRC) to stabilize NOD2 mRNA. Experimental data showed that knockdown of NOD2 or LRPPRC dramatically abrogated the functional role of ZEB1-AS1 in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury. In summary, we demonstrated that lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 regulates the ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury via an LRPPRC-dependent mRNA stabilization mechanism. Therefore, ZEB1-AS1 may serve as a multi-potency target to overcome endothelial cell injury, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Congmin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhihui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanjiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alshammari A, Amar S. Proposal for a novel murine model of human periodontitis using Porphyromonas gingivalis and type II collagen antibody injections. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:181-187. [PMID: 30983827 PMCID: PMC6445525 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a chronic disease in humans induced by several pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Although mouse models of human periodontitis have been developed for study using an oral gavage of P. gingivalis, existing models take over a month to develop in order to ensure adequate periodontal destruction. The aim of the present study is to determine if using an injection of a cocktail of type II collagen antibodies along with an oral gavage of P. gingivalis in mice induces adequate periodontal destruction in a shorter time so as to potentially serve as a more useful mouse model of periodontitis. Methods Twenty-eight DBA1/BO male mice were placed in four groups: Group A (antibody injection plus gavage), Group B (gavage only), Group C (antibody injection only), and Group D (neither antibody injection nor gavage, control). Between six and eight weeks old, all mice underwent antibiotic administration, and at eight weeks old, were given antibody injection (Groups A and C) and oral P. gingivalis gavage (Groups A and B). Fifteen days after gavage Groups A and B received gavage, all mice were euthanized. Histomorphometric, morphometric, and cell counting analyses were conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal Wallis analysis followed by pairwise t-tests using Bonferroni correction. Results For histomorphometric analysis, mean distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) and the mean epithelial downgrowth (ED) in μm was statistically significantly highest for Group A (CEJ-ABC 1.49.81 vs. Group B 101.46, Group C 78.74, and Group D 66.23, p < 0.0083; ED 66.76 vs. Group B 25.92, Group C 9.21, and Group D 9.10, p < 0.0083). Morphometric analysis also showed that Group A had a significantly higher mean CEJ-ABC in μm compared to all other groups (265.50 vs. Group B 195.77, Group C 150.33, and Group D 133.93, p < 0.0083). A similar pattern was seen in cell counting, in which Group A had a significantly lower mean count of fibroblasts per 45 × 50 μm field (8.02 vs. Group B 9.56, Group C 12.09, and Group D 11.02, p < 0.0083), and a significantly higher mean count polymorphonuclear leukocytes per 45 × 50 μm (4.59 vs. Group B 1.74, Group C 0.83, and Group D 0.68, p < 0.0083). Conclusion The results of this study provide proof-of-concept for a mouse model that can be quickly developed for human periodontitis using a type II collagen antibody cocktail injection coupled with oral gavage of P. gingivalis in DBA1/BO male mice. Future studies should verify the results of this proof-of-concept, compare this new model to existing models, and evaluate the extent of this model’s usefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alshammari
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
van den Munckhof ICL, Kurilshikov A, Ter Horst R, Riksen NP, Joosten LAB, Zhernakova A, Fu J, Keating ST, Netea MG, de Graaf J, Rutten JHW. Role of gut microbiota in chronic low-grade inflammation as potential driver for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of human studies. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1719-1734. [PMID: 30144260 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation, which plays a major role in the process of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Gut microbiota is one of the factors influencing systemic immune responses, and profound changes have been found in its composition and metabolic function in individuals with obesity. This systematic review assesses the association between the gut microbiota and markers of low-grade inflammation in humans. We identified 14 studies which were mostly observational and relatively small (n = 10 to 471). The way in which the microbiome is analysed differed extensively between these studies. Lower gut microbial diversity was associated with higher white blood cell counts and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. The abundance of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus and Prevotella were inversely related to different markers of low-grade inflammation such as hsCRP and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, this review speculates on possible mechanisms through which the gut microbiota can affect low-grade inflammation and thereby ACVD. We discuss the associations between the microbiome and the inflammasome, the innate immune system, bile acids, gut permeability, the endocannabinoid system and TMAO. These data reinforce the importance of human research into the gut microbiota as potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to prevent ACVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Kurilshikov
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - L A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J H W Rutten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ebersole JL, Kirakodu S, Novak MJ, Orraca L, Stormberg AJ, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Burgos A, Gonzalez OA. Comparative analysis of expression of microbial sensing molecules in mucosal tissues with periodontal disease. Immunobiology 2018; 224:196-206. [PMID: 30470434 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Host-derived pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are necessary for effective innate immune engagement of pathogens that express microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) ligands for these PRRs. This study used a nonhuman primate model to evaluate the expression of these sensing molecules in gingival tissues. Macaca mulatta aged 12-24 with a healthy periodontium (n = 13) or periodontitis (n = 11) provided gingival tissues for assessment of naturally-occurring periodontitis. An additional group of animals (12-23 years; n = 18) was subjected to a 5 month longitudinal study examining the initiation and progression of periodontitis, RNA was isolated and microarray analysis conducted for gene expression of the sensing PRRs. The results demonstrated increased expression of various PRRs in naturally-occurring established periodontitis. Selected PRRs also correlated with both bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD) in the animals. The longitudinal model demonstrated multiple TLRs, as well as selected other PRRs that were significantly increased by 2 weeks during initiation of the lesion. While gene expression levels of various PRRs correlated with BOP and PD at baseline and resolution of disease, few correlated with these clinical parameters during initiation and progression of the lesion. These findings suggest that the levels of various PRRs are affected in established periodontitis lesions, and that PRR expression increased most dramatically during the initiation of the disease process, presumably in response to the juxtaposed microbial challenge to the tissues and goal of reestablishing homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
| | - S Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - M J Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - L Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - A J Stormberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - J Gonzalez-Martinez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - A Burgos
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Toa Baja, PR, United States
| | - O A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Libby P, Loscalzo J, Ridker PM, Farkouh ME, Hsue PY, Fuster V, Hasan AA, Amar S. Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:2071-2081. [PMID: 30336831 PMCID: PMC6196735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Observations on human and experimental atherosclerosis, biomarker studies, and now a large-scale clinical trial support the operation of immune and inflammatory pathways in this disease. The factors that incite innate and adaptive immune responses implicated in atherogenesis and in lesion complication include traditional risk factors such as protein and lipid components of native and modified low-density lipoprotein, angiotensin II, smoking, visceral adipose tissue, and dysmetabolism. Infectious processes and products of the endogenous microbiome might also modulate atherosclerosis and its complications either directly, or indirectly by eliciting local and systemic responses that potentiate disease expression. Trials with antibiotics have not reduced recurrent cardiovascular events, nor have vaccination strategies yet achieved clinical translation. However, anti-inflammatory interventions such as anticytokine therapy and colchicine have begun to show efficacy in this regard. Thus, inflammatory and immune mechanisms can link traditional and emerging risk factors to atherosclerosis, and offer novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ahmed A Hasan
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Salomon Amar
- Departments of Pharmacology, Immunology and Microbiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Singh SP, Huck O, Abraham NG, Amar S. Kavain Reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Adipocyte Inflammation: Role of PGC-1α Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1491-1499. [PMID: 30037847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A link between obesity and periodontitis has been suggested because of compromised immune response and chronic inflammation in obese patients. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of Kavain, an extract from Piper methysticum, on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation in adipocytes with special focus on peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) and related pathways. The 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes and primary adipocytes harvested from mouse adipose tissue were infected with P. gingivalis, and inflammation (TNF-α; adiponectin/adipokines), oxidative stress, and adipogenic marker (FAS, CEBPα, and PPAR-γ) expression were measured. Furthermore, effect of PGC-1α knockdown on Kavain action was evaluated. Results showed that P. gingivalis worsens adipocyte dysfunction through increase of TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS and decrease of PGC-1α and adiponectin. Interestingly, although Kavain obliterated P. gingivalis-induced proinflammatory effects in wild-type cells, Kavain did not affect PGC-1α-deficient cells, strongly advocating for Kavain effects being mediated by PGC-1α. In vivo adipocytes challenged with i.p. injection of P. gingivalis alone or P. gingivalis and Kavain displayed the same phenotype as in vitro adipocytes. Altogether, our findings established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Kavain on adipocytes and emphasized protective action against P. gingivalis-induced adipogenesis. The use of compounds such as Kavain offer a portal to potential therapeutic approaches to counter chronic inflammation in obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM, UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (Fédération de Médicine Translationalle de Strasbourg), 67000 Strasbourg, France; and.,Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wallet SM, Puri V, Gibson FC. Linkage of Infection to Adverse Systemic Complications: Periodontal Disease, Toll-Like Receptors, and Other Pattern Recognition Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E21. [PMID: 29621153 PMCID: PMC6027258 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that provide innate immune sensing of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to engage early immune recognition of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Furthermore, TLRs provide a conduit for initiation of non-infectious inflammation following the sensing of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated as a consequence of cellular injury. Due to their essential role as DAMP and PAMP sensors, TLR signaling also contributes importantly to several systemic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and others. The overlapping participation of TLRs in the control of infection, and pathogenesis of systemic diseases, has served as a starting point for research delving into the poorly defined area of infection leading to increased risk of various systemic diseases. Although conflicting studies exist, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity/metabolic dysfunction have been associated with differing degrees of strength to infectious diseases. Here we will discuss elements of these connections focusing on the contributions of TLR signaling as a consequence of bacterial exposure in the context of the oral infections leading to periodontal disease, and associations with metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Wallet
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Frank C Gibson
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) protein, NOD2, belonging to the intracellular NOD-like receptor family, detects conserved motifs in bacterial peptidoglycan and promotes their clearance through activation of a proinflammatory transcriptional program and other innate immune pathways, including autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. An inactive form due to mutations or a constitutive high expression of NOD2 is associated with several inflammatory diseases, suggesting that balanced NOD2 signaling is critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent developments about the pathway and mechanisms of regulation of NOD2 and illustrate the principal functions of the gene, with particular emphasis on its central role in maintaining the equilibrium between intestinal microbiota and host immune responses to control inflammation. Furthermore, we survey recent studies illustrating the role of NOD2 in several inflammatory diseases, in particular, inflammatory bowel disease, of which it is the main susceptibility gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Negroni
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Territorial and Production Systems Sustainability Department, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pierdomenico
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gootenberg DB, Paer JM, Luevano JM, Kwon DS. HIV-associated changes in the enteric microbial community: potential role in loss of homeostasis and development of systemic inflammation. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018; 30:31-43. [PMID: 27922852 PMCID: PMC5325247 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Purpose of review Despite HIV therapy advances, average life expectancy in HIV-infected individuals on effective treatment is significantly decreased relative to uninfected persons, largely because of increased incidence of inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and renal dysfunction. The enteric microbial community could potentially cause this inflammation, as HIV-driven destruction of gastrointestinal CD4+ T cells may disturb the microbiota–mucosal immune system balance, disrupting the stable gut microbiome and leading to further deleterious host outcomes. Recent findings Varied enteric microbiome changes have been reported during HIV infection, but unifying patterns have emerged. Community diversity is decreased, similar to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and Clostridium difficile infection. Many taxa frequently enriched in HIV-infected individuals, such as Enterobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, have pathogenic potential, whereas depleted taxa, such as Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae, are more linked with anti-inflammatory properties and maintenance of gut homeostasis. The gut viral community in HIV has been found to contain a greater abundance of pathogenesis-associated Adenoviridae and Anelloviridae. These bacterial and viral changes correlate with increased systemic inflammatory markers, such as serum sCD14, sCD163, and IL-6. Summary Enteric microbial community changes may contribute to chronic HIV pathogenesis, but more investigation is necessary, especially in the developing world population with the greatest HIV burden (Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which includes the authors’ summary of the importance of the work).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Gootenberg
- aRagon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge bHarvard Medical School, Boston cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee JY, Lee MS, Kim DJ, Yang SJ, Lee SJ, Noh EJ, Shin SJ, Park JH. Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Contributes to Limiting Growth of Mycobacterium abscessus in the Lung of Mice by Regulating Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1477. [PMID: 29163541 PMCID: PMC5681718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is a prominent cause of pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients and those with cystic fibrosis. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) 2 is a cytosolic receptor which senses a bacterial peptidoglycan component, muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Although nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) contributes to protect host against various microbial infections, it is still unclear whether NOD2 is essential to regulate host immune responses against M. abscessus infection. In this study, we sought to clarify the role of NOD2 and the underlying mechanism in host defense against M. abscessus infection. Mice were infected intranasally with M. abscessus and sacrificed at indicated time points. Bacterial survival, cytokines production, and pathology in the lungs were determined. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to clarify cellular mechanism of NOD2-mediated immune response. Bacterial clearance was impaired, and pathology was more severe in the lungs of NOD2-deficient mice compared with the wild-type mice. In macrophages, NOD2-mediated activation of p38 and JNK were required for production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) and expression of iNOS in response to M. abscessus. NO was critical for limiting intracellular growth of the pathogen. Intranasal administration of MDP reduced in vivo bacterial replication and thus improved lung pathology in M. abscessus-infected mice. This study offers important new insights into the potential roles of the NOD2 in initiating and potentiating innate immune response against M. abscessus pulmonary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jae Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yang
- School of Bioresources and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Jeong Noh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alshammari A, Patel J, Al-Hashemi J, Cai B, Panek J, Huck O, Amar S. Kava-241 reduced periodontal destruction in a collagen antibody primed Porphyromonas gingivalis model of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:1123-1132. [PMID: 28746780 PMCID: PMC5650496 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kava-241, an optimized Piper methysticum Kava compound, on periodontal destruction in a collagen antibody primed oral gavage model of periodontitis. METHODS Experimental periodontitis was induced by oral gavage of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) + type II collagen antibody (AB) in mice during 15 days. Mice were treated with Kava-241 concomitantly or prior to P. gingivalis gavage and compared to untreated mice. Comprehensive histomorphometric analyses were performed. RESULTS Oral gavage with P. gingivalis induced mild epithelial down-growth and alveolar bone loss, while oral gavage with additional AB priming had greater tissular destruction in comparison with gavage alone (p < .05). Kava-241 treatment significantly (p < .05) reduced epithelial down-growth (72%) and alveolar bone loss (36%) in P. gingivalis+AB group. This Kava-241 effect was associated to a reduction in inflammatory cell counts within soft tissues and an increase in fibroblasts (p < .05). CONCLUSION Priming with type II collagen antibody with oral gavage is a fast and reproducible model of periodontal destruction adequate for the evaluation of novel therapeutics. The effect of Kava-241 shows promise in the prevention and treatment of inflammation and alveolar bone loss associated with periodontitis. Further experiments are required to determine molecular pathways targeted by this therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayesh Patel
- Boston University, Henry M.Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Al-Hashemi
- Boston University, Henry M.Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Cai
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston MA USA
| | - James Panek
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston MA USA
| | - Olivier Huck
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de chirurgie-dentaire, Periodontology, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), “Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine” laboratory, UMR 1109, Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Salomon Amar
- New-York Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, New-York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ke K, Sul OJ, Chung SW, Suh JH, Choi HS. Lack of NOD2 attenuates ovariectomy-induced bone loss via inhibition of osteoclasts. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:85-96. [PMID: 28778866 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2) is a pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system. It interacts with serine-threonine kinases to induce activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which is important for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling. We tested the idea that NOD2 modulates bone metabolism via an action on osteoclasts (OCs). The absence of NOD2 reduced ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice, and lowered the area and the activity of OCs, by impairing RANKL signaling. It also reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as of NF-κB-DNA binding upon RANKL exposure. NOD2 was found to physically interact with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1, and this led to increased production of ROS in OCs. Our data suggest that NOD2 contributes to bone loss in estrogen deficiency by elevating ROS levels in OCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ke
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ok-Joo Sul
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Soo-Wol Chung
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Suh
- Department of PathologyUlsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cavallari JF, Schertzer JD. Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to Energy Balance, Metabolic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2017; 26:161-171. [PMID: 31089513 PMCID: PMC6484920 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2017.26.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The origins of obesity are multi-factorial, but ultimately rooted in increased host energy accumulation or retention. The gut microbiota has been implicated in control of host energy balance and nutrient extraction from dietary sources. The microbiota also impacts host immune status and dysbiosis-related inflammation can augment insulin resistance, independently of obesity. Advances in microbial metagenomic analyses and directly manipulating bacterial-host models of obesity have contributed to our understanding of the relationship between gut bacteria and metabolic disease. Foodborne, or drug-mediated perturbations to the gut microbiota can increase metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and dysglycemia. There is now some evidence that specific bacterial species can influence obesity and related metabolic defects such as insulin sensitivity. Components of bacteria are sufficient to impact obesity-related changes in metabolism. In fact, different microbial components derived from the bacterial cell wall can increase or decrease insulin resistance. Improving our understanding of the how components of the microbiota alter host metabolism is positioned to aid in the development of dietary interventions, avoiding triggers of dysbiosis, and generating novel therapeutic strategies to combat increasing rates of obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Park OJ, Kim J, Yang J, Yun CH, Han SH. Muramyl Dipeptide, a Shared Structural Motif of Peptidoglycans, Is a Novel Inducer of Bone Formation through Induction of Runx2. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1455-1468. [PMID: 28337794 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan fragments released from gut microbiota can be delivered to the bone marrow and affect bone metabolism. We investigated the regulation of bone metabolism by muramyl dipeptide (MDP), which is a shared structural unit of peptidoglycans. Increased bone and mineral density by enhanced bone formation were observed in mice administered with MDP. Remarkably, pretreatment or posttreatment with MDP alleviated bone loss in RANKL-induced osteoporosis mouse models. MDP directly augmented osteoblast differentiation and bone-forming gene expression by Runx2 activation. Despite no direct effect, MDP indirectly attenuated osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of the RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio. MDP increased the expression of the MDP receptor, Nod2, and MDP-induced bone formation and osteoblast activation did not occur during Nod2 deficiency. Other Nod2 ligands also increased bone formation through the induction of Runx2, as MDP did. In conclusion, we suggest that MDP is a novel inducer of bone formation that could potentially be a new therapeutic molecule to protect against osteoporosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, World Class University Biomodulation Major and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mendelson MM, Marioni RE, Joehanes R, Liu C, Hedman ÅK, Aslibekyan S, Demerath EW, Guan W, Zhi D, Yao C, Huan T, Willinger C, Chen B, Courchesne P, Multhaup M, Irvin MR, Cohain A, Schadt EE, Grove ML, Bressler J, North K, Sundström J, Gustafsson S, Shah S, McRae AF, Harris SE, Gibson J, Redmond P, Corley J, Murphy L, Starr JM, Kleinbrink E, Lipovich L, Visscher PM, Wray NR, Krauss RM, Fallin D, Feinberg A, Absher DM, Fornage M, Pankow JS, Lind L, Fox C, Ingelsson E, Arnett DK, Boerwinkle E, Liang L, Levy D, Deary IJ. Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002215. [PMID: 28095459 PMCID: PMC5240936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted an association study of body mass index (BMI) and differential methylation for over 400,000 CpGs assayed by microarray in whole-blood-derived DNA from 3,743 participants in the Framingham Heart Study and the Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication in three external cohorts of 4,055 participants. We examined variations in whole blood gene expression and conducted Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the functional and clinical relevance of the findings. We identified novel and previously reported BMI-related differential methylation at 83 CpGs that replicated across cohorts; BMI-related differential methylation was associated with concurrent changes in the expression of genes in lipid metabolism pathways. Genetic instrumental variable analysis of alterations in methylation at one of the 83 replicated CpGs, cg11024682 (intronic to sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 [SREBF1]), demonstrated links to BMI, adiposity-related traits, and coronary artery disease. Independent genetic instruments for expression of SREBF1 supported the findings linking methylation to adiposity and cardiometabolic disease. Methylation at a substantial proportion (16 of 83) of the identified loci was found to be secondary to differences in BMI. However, the cross-sectional nature of the data limits definitive causal determination. CONCLUSIONS We present robust associations of BMI with differential DNA methylation at numerous loci in blood cells. BMI-related DNA methylation and gene expression provide mechanistic insights into the relationship between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Mendelson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christine Willinger
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Chen
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul Courchesne
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Multhaup
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ariella Cohain
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Grove
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Johan Sundström
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Shah
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jude Gibson
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Murphy
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Kleinbrink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Leonard Lipovich
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Daniele Fallin
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fox
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liming Liang
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cai B, Panek JS, Amar S. Convergent Synthesis of Novel Muramyl Dipeptide Analogues: Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Pro-inflammatory Effects by High Doses of Muramyl Dipeptide. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6878-90. [PMID: 27353235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)-induced TNF-α can be affected by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in a biphasic concentration-dependent manner. We found that in P.g.-exposed macrophages, treatment with 10 μg/mL of MDP (MDP-low) up-regulated TNF-α by 29%, while 100 μg/mL or higher (MDP-high) significantly decreased it (16% to 38%). MDP-high was found to affect the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 and activator protein 1 (AP1). An AP1 binding site was found in the promoter region of A20. A20 promoter activity was up-regulated after transfection of AP1 cDNA in cells. Four analogues of MDP (3-6) were prepared through a convergent strategy involving the synthesis of two unique carbohydrate fragments, 7a and 7b, using the peptide coupling reagents, EDCI and HOAt. Analogue 4 improved MDP function and P.g.-induced activities. We propose a new signaling pathway for TNF-α induction activated after exposing macrophages to both P.g. and MDP-high or analogue 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - James S Panek
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering , 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Salomon Amar
- Center for Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine , 650 Albany Street, Suite 343, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shiny A, Regin B, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Coordinated augmentation of NFAT and NOD signaling mediates proliferative VSMC phenotype switch under hyperinsulinemia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:257-66. [PMID: 26814423 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although hyperglycemia has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the vascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms underlying hyperinsulinemia mediated vascular dysfunction are not well understood. We have analyzed whether hyperinsulinemia could activate NFAT (Nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling and thereby influence vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, a major event in the progression of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Human aortic VSMCs upon chronic insulin treatment exhibited increased expression of NFATc1 both at the mRNA and protein levels. The mechanistic role of NFAT in VSMC migration and proliferation was examined using 11R-VIVIT, a cell permeable NFAT specific inhibitor, where it reduced the insulin effect on VSMC, which was further substantiated by over expression or silencing of NFATc1gene (p < 0.05). This study also report for the first time the role of NFAT in NOD (Nucleotide oligomerization domain) mediated innate immune signaling and its significance in insulin effect on VSMCs. mRNA expression of NOD was up regulated when cells were treated with insulin or ligands whereas pretreatment with 11R-VIVIT reversed this effect (p < 0.05). Our study uphold the clinical significance as we observed an increased mRNA expression of NFATc1 in monocytes isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes which correlated positively with insulin resistance and glycemic load (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION This study suggests that targeted NFAT inhibition can be an effective strategy to coordinately quench insulin induced proliferative and inflammatory responses along with innate immunity alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells, which underlie atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Shiny
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
| | - Bhaskaran Regin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sankaran JS, Li B, Donahue LR, Judex S. Modulation of unloading-induced bone loss in mice with altered ERK signaling. Mamm Genome 2015; 27:47-61. [PMID: 26546009 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations mediate skeletal responsiveness to mechanical unloading, with individual space travelers exhibiting large variations in the extent of bone loss. We previously identified genomic regions harboring several hundred genes that can modulate the magnitude of skeletal adaptation to mechanical unloading. Here, bioinformatic filters aided in shortlisting 30 genes with bone-related and mechanoregulatory roles. The genes CD44, FGF2, NOD2, and Fas, all associated with ERK signaling, were then functionally tested in hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) knockout (KO) mice. Compared to their respective normally ambulating wildtype (WT) controls, all KO strains, except Fas mice, had lower trabecular bone volume, bone volume fraction, and/or trabecular number. For cortical bone and compared to ambulatory WT mice, CD44(-/-) had impaired properties while FGF2(-/-) showed enhanced indices. NOD2(-/-) and Fas(-/-) did not have a cortical phenotype. In all KO and WT groups, HLU resulted in impaired trabecular and cortical indices, primarily due to trabecular tissue loss and mitigation of cortical bone growth. The difference in trabecular separation between HLU and ambulatory controls was significantly greater in CD44(-/-) and NOD2(-/-) mice than in WT mice. In cortical bone, differences in cortical thickness, total pore volume, and cortical porosity between HLU and controls were aggravated in CD44(-/-) mice. In contrast, deletion of NOD2 and Fas genes mitigated the differences in Po.V between HLU and control mice. Together, we narrowed a previous list of QTL-derived candidate genes from over 300 to 30, and showed that CD44, NOD2, and Fas have distinct functions in regulating changes in trabecular and cortical bone indices during unloading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyantt S Sankaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | | | - Stefan Judex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim HJ. Role of Nucleotide-binding and Oligomerization Domain 2 Protein (NOD2) in the Development of Atherosclerosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:479-84. [PMID: 26557013 PMCID: PMC4637349 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.6.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NOD2 (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain 2) was initially reported as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease, with several studies focused on elucidating its molecular mechanism in the progression of Crohn's disease. We now know that NOD2 is an intracellular bacterial sensing receptor, and that MDP-mediated NOD2 activation drives inflammatory signaling. Various mutations in NOD2 have been reported, with NOD2 loss of function being associated with the development of Crohn's disease and other autoimmune diseases. These results suggest that NOD2 not only has an immune stimulatory function, but also an immune regulatory function. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall; its pathologic progression is highly dependent on the immune balance. This immune balance is regulated by infiltrating monocytes and macrophages, both of which express NOD2. These findings indicate a potential role of NOD2 in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this review is to outline the known roles of NOD2 signaling in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Tumor Heterogeneity and Network (THEN) Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kebschull M, Papapanou PN. Mini but mighty: microRNAs in the pathobiology of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2015; 69:201-20. [PMID: 26252410 PMCID: PMC4530521 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate protein expression either by inhibiting initiation of the translation of mRNA or by inducing the degradation of mRNA molecules. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNA-mediated repression of protein expression is of paramount importance in a broad range of physiologic and pathologic conditions. In particular, miRNA-induced dysregulation of molecular processes involved in inflammatory pathways has been shown to contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, first of all we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis, the main mechanisms of action and the miRNA profiling tools currently available. Then, we summarize the available evidence supporting a specific role for miRNAs in the pathobiology of periodontitis. Based on a review of available data on the differential expression of miRNAs in gingival tissues in states of periodontal health and disease, we address specific roles for miRNAs in molecular and cellular pathways causally linked to periodontitis. Our review points to several lines of evidence suggesting the involvement of miRNAs in periodontal tissue homeostasis and pathology. Although the intricate regulatory networks affected by miRNA function are still incompletely mapped, further utilization of systems biology tools is expected to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kebschull
- Associate Professor of Dental Medicine, Consultant, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany, Tel: +49-228-28722-007,
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Professor of Dental Medicine, Director, Division of Periodontics, Chair, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 630 West 168 Street, PH-7E-110, New York, NY 10032, USA, Tel: +1-212-342-3008, Fax: +1-212-305-9313,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are a family of receptors that are used to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns, which initiate immune responses to resolve infections and repair damaged tissues. Abnormalities in PRR activation will unavoidably lead to excessive inflammation. RECENT ADVANCES Although multiple pathophysiological processes are involved in cardiovascular disease, recent studies have highlighted the importance of innate PRRs, in particular, Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, in mediating inflammatory responses and cardiovascular function. CRITICAL ISSUES The functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of PRRs in cardiovascular diseases are still largely unknown. In particular, controversies exist on the certainty of these detrimental or beneficial effects of some PRRs in different diseased states or different experimental animal models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Considering that the molecular mechanisms for individual PRR to regulate cellular function are complex and multiple PRRs are activated simultaneously or synergistically, a better understanding of the function of individual PRRs and the interplay of PRRs will provide unexpected opportunities to develop new therapies for cardiovascular disease by modulation of an innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang S, Zhang S, Hu L, Zhai L, Xue R, Ye J, Chen L, Cheng G, Mruk J, Kunapuli SP, Ding Z. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 receptor is expressed in platelets and enhances platelet activation and thrombosis. Circulation 2015; 131:1160-70. [PMID: 25825396 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is well investigated in immunity, but its expression and function in platelets has never been explored. METHOD AND RESULTS Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, we show that both human and mouse platelets express NOD2, and its agonist muramyl dipeptide induced NOD2 activation as evidenced by receptor dimerization. NOD2 activation potentiates platelet aggregation and secretion induced by low concentrations of thrombin or collagen, and clot retraction, as well. These potentiating effects of muramyl dipeptide were not seen in platelets from NOD2-deficient mice. Plasma from septic patients also potentiates platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or collagen NOD2 dependently. Using intravital microscopy, we found that muramyl dipeptide administration accelerated in vivo thrombosis in a FeCl3-injured mesenteric arteriole thrombosis mouse model. Platelet depletion and transfusion experiments confirmed that NOD2 from platelets contributes to the in vivo thrombosis in mice. NOD2 activation also accelerates platelet-dependent hemostasis. We further found that platelets express receptor-interacting protein 2, and provided evidence suggesting that mitogen activated-protein kinase and nitric oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G pathways downstream of receptor-interacting protein mediate the role of NOD2 in platelets. Finally, muramyl dipeptide stimulates proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β maturation and accumulation in human and mouse platelets NOD2 dependently. CONCLUSIONS NOD2 is expressed in platelets and functions in platelet activation and arterial thrombosis, possibly during infection. To our knowledge, this is the first study on NOD-like receptors in platelets that link thrombotic events to inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Liang Hu
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Lili Zhai
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Ruyi Xue
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Jianqin Ye
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Leilei Chen
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Guanjun Cheng
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Jozef Mruk
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.)
| | - Zhongren Ding
- From Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China (Si Zhang, Shenghui Zhang, L.H., L.Z., J.Y., L.C., Z.D.); Department of Internal Medicine, and Institute of Liver Disease, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China (R.X.); Thoracic Oncology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, (G.C.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita (J.S.M.); and Department of Physiology and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.P.K.).
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of bacteria, which vastly outnumber host cells in the body. Although generally overlooked in the field of endocrinology, gut microbial symbionts organize to form a key endocrine organ that converts nutritional cues from the environment into hormone-like signals that impact both normal physiology and chronic disease in the human host. Recent evidence suggests that several gut microbial-derived products are sensed by dedicated host receptor systems to alter cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. In fact, gut microbial metabolism of dietary components results in the production of proatherogenic circulating factors that act through a meta-organismal endocrine axis to impact CVD risk. Whether pharmacological interventions at the level of the gut microbial endocrine organ will reduce CVD risk is a key new question in the field of cardiovascular medicine. Here we discuss the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in targeting meta-organismal endocrinology for CVD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Amar S, Engelke M. Periodontal innate immune mechanisms relevant to atherosclerosis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 30:171-85. [PMID: 25388989 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disease in the USA where it is a leading cause of illness and death. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause for heart attack and stroke. Most commonly, people develop atherosclerosis as a result of diabetes, genetic risk factors, high blood pressure, a high-fat diet, obesity, high blood cholesterol levels, and smoking. However, a sizable number of patients suffering from atherosclerosis do not harbor the classical risk factors. Ongoing infections have been suggested to play a role in this process. Periodontal disease is perhaps the most common chronic infection in adults with a wide range of clinical variability and severity. Research in the past decade has shed substantial light on both the initiating infectious agents and host immunological responses in periodontal disease. Up to 46% of the general population harbors the microorganism(s) associated with periodontal disease, although many are able to limit the progression of periodontal disease or even clear the organism(s) if infected. In the last decade, several epidemiological studies have found an association between periodontal infection and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on exploring the molecular consequences of infection by pathogens that exacerbate atherosclerosis, with the focus on infections by the periodontal bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis as a running example.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Amar
- Center for Anti-inflammatory Therapeutics, School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lucas AR, Verma RK, Dai E, Liu L, Chen H, Kesavalu S, Rivera M, Velsko I, Ambadapadi S, Chukkapalli S, Kesavalu L. Myxomavirus anti-inflammatory chemokine binding protein reduces the increased plaque growth induced by chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis oral infection after balloon angioplasty aortic injury in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111353. [PMID: 25354050 PMCID: PMC4213024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusion of inflammatory plaque in coronary arteries causes myocardial infarction. Treatment with emergent balloon angioplasty (BA) and stent implant improves survival, but restenosis (regrowth) can occur. Periodontal bacteremia is closely associated with inflammation and native arterial atherosclerosis, with potential to increase restenosis. Two virus-derived anti-inflammatory proteins, M-T7 and Serp-1, reduce inflammation and plaque growth after BA and transplant in animal models through separate pathways. M-T7 is a broad spectrum C, CC and CXC chemokine-binding protein. Serp-1 is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) inhibiting thrombotic and thrombolytic pathways. Serp-1 also reduces arterial inflammation and improves survival in a mouse herpes virus (MHV68) model of lethal vasculitis. In addition, Serp-1 demonstrated safety and efficacy in patients with unstable coronary disease and stent implant, reducing markers of myocardial damage. We investigate here the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, on restenosis after BA and the effects of blocking chemokine and protease pathways with M-T7 and Serp-1. ApoE−/− mice had aortic BA and oral P. gingivalis infection. Arterial plaque growth was examined at 24 weeks with and without anti-inflammatory protein treatment. Dental plaques from mice infected with P. gingivalis tested positive for infection. Neither Serp-1 nor M-T7 treatment reduced infection, but IgG antibody levels in mice treated with Serp-1 and M-T7 were reduced. P. gingivalis significantly increased monocyte invasion and arterial plaque growth after BA (P<0.025). Monocyte invasion and plaque growth were blocked by M-T7 treatment (P<0.023), whereas Serp-1 produced only a trend toward reductions. Both proteins modified expression of TLR4 and MyD88. In conclusion, aortic plaque growth in ApoE−/− mice increased after angioplasty in mice with chronic oral P. gingivalis infection. Blockade of chemokines, but not serine proteases significantly reduced arterial plaque growth, suggesting a central role for chemokine-mediated inflammation after BA in P. gingivalis infected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Lucas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (LK)
| | - Raj K. Verma
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erbin Dai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Liying Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sheela Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Rivera
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Irina Velsko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sriram Ambadapadi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sasanka Chukkapalli
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AL); (LK)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Serra e Silva Filho W, Casarin RCV, Nicolela Junior EL, Passos HM, Sallum AW, Gonçalves RB. Microbial diversity similarities in periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109761. [PMID: 25329160 PMCID: PMC4199612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The immune and infectious alterations occurring in periodontitis have been shown to alter the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. One of these relationships is the translocation of oral bacteria to atheroma plaques, thereby promoting plaque development. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess, by 16s cloning and sequencing, the microbial diversity of the subgingival environment and atheroma plaques of patients concomitantly suffering from periodontitis and obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis (OCAA). Methods Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced. Results Significant differences in microbial diversity were observed between both environments. While subgingival samples mostly contained the phylum Firmicutes, in coronary balloons, Proteobacteria (p<0.05) was predominant. In addition, the most commonly detected genera in coronary balloons were Acinetobacter, Alloprevotella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas and Moraxella, while in subgingival samples Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter and Treponema (p<0.05) were found. Interestingly, 17 identical phylotypes were found in atheroma and subgingival samples, indicating possible bacterial translocation between periodontal pockets and coronary arteries. Conclusion Periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients can present similarities in the microbial diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antônio W. Sallum
- Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang Y, Wei L, Miron RJ, Zhang Q, Bian Z. Prevention of alveolar bone loss in an osteoporotic animal model via interference of semaphorin 4d. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1095-100. [PMID: 25252878 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 4d (Sema4d) has been proposed as a novel target gene for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recently, we fabricated a site-specific bone-targeting system from polymeric nanoparticles that demonstrates an ability to prevent bone loss in an osteoporotic model by interfering with Sema4d gene expression using small interference RNA (siRNA) molecules. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effects of this targeting system on the periodontium, an area of high bone turnover. We demonstrated, by single photon emission computed tomography, that intravenous injection of this molecule in ovariectomized Balb/C mice is able to target alveolar bone peaking 4 hr post-injection. We then compared, by histological analysis, the bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), alveolar bone height loss, immunohistochemical expression of Sema4d, and total number of osteoclasts in mandibular alveolar bone. Four treatment modalities were compared as follows: (1) sham-operated, (2) OVX-operated, (3) OVX+estrogen replacement therapy, and (4) OVX+siRNA-Sema4d animals. The results from the present study demonstrate that an osteoporotic condition significantly increases alveolar bone height loss, and that the therapeutic effects via bone-targeting systems featuring interference of Sema4d are able to partly counteract alveolar bone loss caused by osteoporosis. While the future therapeutic demand for the large number of patients suffering from osteoporosis faces many challenges, we demonstrate within the present study an effective drug-delivery moiety with anabolic effects on the bone remodeling cycle able to locate and target alveolar bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - L Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - R J Miron
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Bian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Johansson ME, Zhang XY, Edfeldt K, Lundberg AM, Levin MC, Borén J, Li W, Yuan XM, Folkersen L, Eriksson P, Hedin U, Low H, Sviridov D, Rios FJ, Hansson GK, Yan ZQ. Innate immune receptor NOD2 promotes vascular inflammation and formation of lipid-rich necrotic cores in hypercholesterolemic mice. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3081-92. [PMID: 25042478 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease associated with the activation of innate immune TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)-like receptor pathways. However, the function of most innate immune receptors in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we show that NOD2 is a crucial innate immune receptor influencing vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis severity. 10-week stimulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 cognate ligand, aggravated atherosclerosis, as indicated by the augmented lesion burden, increased vascular inflammation and enlarged lipid-rich necrotic cores in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Myeloid-specific ablation of NOD2, but not its downstream kinase, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2, restrained the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core in Ldlr(-/-) chimeric mice. In vitro stimulation of macrophages with MDP enhanced the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and impaired cholesterol efflux in concordance with upregulation of scavenger receptor A1/2 and downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Ex vivo stimulation of human carotid plaques with MDP led to increased activation of inflammatory signaling pathways p38 MAPK and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines. Altogether, this study suggests that NOD2 contributes to the expansion of the lipid-rich necrotic core and promotes vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Johansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans outer membrane vesicles are internalized in human host cells and trigger NOD1- and NOD2-dependent NF-κB activation. Infect Immun 2014; 82:4034-46. [PMID: 25024364 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01980-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral and systemic pathogen associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis and with endocarditis. We recently demonstrated that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) disseminated by A. actinomycetemcomitans could deliver multiple proteins, including biologically active cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), into the cytosol of HeLa cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). In the present work, we have used immunoelectron and confocal microscopy analysis and fluorescently labeled vesicles to further investigate mechanisms for A. actinomycetemcomitans OMV-mediated delivery of bacterial antigens to these host cells. Our results supported that OMVs were internalized into the perinuclear region of HeLa cells and HGF. Colocalization analysis revealed that internalized OMVs colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum and carried antigens, detected using an antibody specific to whole A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype a cells. Consistent with OMV internalization mediating intracellular antigen exposure, the vesicles acted as strong inducers of cytoplasmic peptidoglycan sensor NOD1- and NOD2-dependent NF-κB activation in human embryonic kidney cells. Moreover, NOD1 was the main sensor of OMV-delivered peptidoglycan in myeloid THP1 cells, contributing to the overall inflammatory responses induced by the vesicles. This work reveals a role of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMVs as a trigger of innate immunity via carriage of NOD1- and NOD2-active pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang N, Gibson FC. Immuno-pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease: Current and Emerging Paradigms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1:124-132. [PMID: 24839590 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-014-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a highly complex disease involving many factors; however, two principal facets central to initiation and progression of the majority of PD are the composition of the microbes in the sub-gingival plaque, and the host immune response to these organisms. Numerous studies point to the complexity of PD, and to the fact that despite innate and adaptive immune activation, and resultant inflammation, our immune response fails to cure disease. Stunning new findings have begun to clarify several complexities of the host-pathogen interaction of PD pointing to key roles for microbial dysboisis and immune imbalance in the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, these investigations have identified novel translational opportunities to intercede in PD treatment. In this review we will highlight a select few recent findings in innate and adaptive immunity, and host pathogen interactions of PD at a micro-environmental level that may have profound impact on PD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasi Huang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| | - Frank C Gibson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118
| |
Collapse
|