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Hadifar S, Masoudzadeh N, Heydari H, Mashayekhi Goyonlo V, Kerachian M, Daneshpazhooh M, Sadeghnia A, Tootoonchi N, Erfanian Salim R, Rafati S, Harandi AM. Intralesional gene expression profile of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and associated cytokines in Leishmania tropica-infected patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1436029. [PMID: 39364404 PMCID: PMC11446769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1436029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a central cascade of signal transduction for the myriad of cytokines in which dysregulation has been implicated in progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the involvement of this pathway in human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania (L.) tropica warrants further investigation. Methods This study sought to investigate differential gene expression of several cytokines and their associated jak-stat genes in the lesions of L. tropica-infected patients byquantitative Real-Time PCR. Further, the expression of five inhibitory immune checkpoint genes was evaluated. Results Results showed that the gene expression levelsof both Th1 (ifng, il12, il23) and Th2 (il4, il10) types cytokines were increased in the lesion of studied patients. Further, elevated expression levels of il35, il21, il27 and il24 genes were detected in the lesions of CL patients. Notably, the expression of the majority of genes involved in JAK/STAT signaling pathway as well as checkpoint genes including pdl1, ctla4 and their corresponding receptors was increased. Conclusion Our finding revealed dysregulation of cytokines and related jak-stat genes in the lesion of CL patients. These results highlight the need for further exploration of the functional importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of, and immunity to, CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Hadifar
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Heydari
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadali Kerachian
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lad M, Beniwal AS, Jain S, Shukla P, Kalistratova V, Jung J, Shah SS, Yagnik G, Saha A, Sati A, Babikir H, Nguyen AT, Gill S, Rios J, Young JS, Lui A, Salha D, Diaz A, Aghi MK. Glioblastoma induces the recruitment and differentiation of dendritic-like "hybrid" neutrophils from skull bone marrow. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1549-1569.e16. [PMID: 39255776 PMCID: PMC11446475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) effects on glioblastoma (GBM) biology remain under-characterized. We show here that neutrophils with dendritic features-including morphological complexity, expression of antigen presentation genes, and the ability to process exogenous peptide and stimulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)II-dependent T cell activation-accumulate intratumorally and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Trajectory analysis of patient TAN scRNA-seq identifies this "hybrid" dendritic-neutrophil phenotype as a polarization state that is distinct from canonical cytotoxic TANs, and which differentiates from local precursors. These hybrid-inducible immature neutrophils-which we identified in patient and murine glioblastomas-arise not from circulation, but from local skull marrow. Through labeled skull flap transplantation and targeted ablation, we characterize calvarial marrow as a contributor of antitumoral myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including TANs, which elicit T cell cytotoxicity and memory. As such, agents augmenting neutrophil egress from skull marrow-such as intracalvarial AMD3100, whose survival-prolonging effect in GBM we report-present therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meeki Lad
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angad S Beniwal
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Saket Jain
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Poojan Shukla
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Venina Kalistratova
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jangham Jung
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sumedh S Shah
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Garima Yagnik
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atul Saha
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ankita Sati
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Husam Babikir
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan T Nguyen
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabraj Gill
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Rios
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Austin Lui
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Salha
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Diaz
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manish K Aghi
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Department of Neurosurgery, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Barnett D, Zimmer TS, Booraem C, Palaguachi F, Meadows SM, Xiao H, Chouchani ET, Orr AG, Orr AL. Mitochondrial complex III-derived ROS amplify immunometabolic changes in astrocytes and promote dementia pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608708. [PMID: 39229090 PMCID: PMC11370371 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders alter mitochondrial functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial complex III (CIII) generates ROS implicated in redox signaling, but its triggers, targets, and disease relevance are not clear. Using site-selective suppressors and genetic manipulations together with mitochondrial ROS imaging and multiomic profiling, we found that CIII is the dominant source of ROS production in astrocytes exposed to neuropathology-related stimuli. Astrocytic CIII-ROS production was dependent on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX) and caused oxidation of select cysteines within immune and metabolism-associated proteins linked to neurological disease. CIII-ROS amplified metabolomic and pathology-associated transcriptional changes in astrocytes, with STAT3 activity as a major mediator, and facilitated neuronal toxicity in a non-cell-autonomous manner. As proof-of-concept, suppression of CIII-ROS in mice decreased dementia-linked tauopathy and neuroimmune cascades and extended lifespan. Our findings establish CIII-ROS as an important immunometabolic signal transducer and tractable therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Barnett
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Caroline Booraem
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Fernando Palaguachi
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Samantha M Meadows
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna G Orr
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Adam L Orr
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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4
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Schelker RC, Fioravanti J, Mastrogiovanni F, Baldwin JG, Rana N, Li P, Chen P, Vadász T, Spolski R, Heuser-Loy C, Slavkovic-Lukic D, Noronha P, Damiano G, Raccosta L, Maggioni D, Pullugula S, Lin JX, Oh J, Grandinetti P, Lecce M, Hesse L, Kocks E, Martín-Santos A, Gebhard C, Telford WG, Ji Y, Restifo NP, Russo V, Rehli M, Herr W, Leonard WJ, Gattinoni L. LIM-domain-only 4 (LMO4) enhances CD8 + T-cell stemness and tumor rejection by boosting IL-21-STAT3 signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:199. [PMID: 39117617 PMCID: PMC11310520 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High frequencies of stem-like memory T cells in infusion products correlate with superior patient outcomes across multiple T cell therapy trials. Herein, we analyzed a published CRISPR activation screening to identify transcriptional regulators that could be harnessed to augment stem-like behavior in CD8+ T cells. Using IFN-γ production as a proxy for CD8+ T cell terminal differentiation, LMO4 emerged among the top hits inhibiting the development of effectors cells. Consistently, we found that Lmo4 was downregulated upon CD8+ T cell activation but maintained under culture conditions facilitating the formation of stem-like T cells. By employing a synthetic biology approach to ectopically express LMO4 in antitumor CD8+ T cells, we enabled selective expansion and enhanced persistence of transduced cells, while limiting their terminal differentiation and senescence. LMO4 overexpression promoted transcriptional programs regulating stemness, increasing the numbers of stem-like CD8+ memory T cells and enhancing their polyfunctionality and recall capacity. When tested in syngeneic and xenograft tumor models, LMO4 overexpression boosted CD8+ T cell antitumor immunity, resulting in enhanced tumor regression. Rather than directly modulating gene transcription, LMO4 bound to JAK1 and potentiated STAT3 signaling in response to IL-21, inducing the expression of target genes (Tcf7, Socs3, Junb, and Zfp36) crucial for memory responses. CRISPR/Cas9-deletion of Stat3 nullified the enhanced memory signature conferred by LMO4, thereby abrogating the therapeutic benefit of LMO4 overexpression. These results establish LMO4 overexpression as an effective strategy to boost CD8+ T cell stemness, providing a new synthetic biology tool to bolster the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland C Schelker
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Mastrogiovanni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy G Baldwin
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nisha Rana
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timea Vadász
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christoph Heuser-Loy
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dragana Slavkovic-Lukic
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Noronha
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Damiano
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Raccosta
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sree Pullugula
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jangsuk Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Grandinetti
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Lecce
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leo Hesse
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilia Kocks
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Azucena Martín-Santos
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - William G Telford
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun Ji
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, WERA Site, Würzburg-Erlangen-Regensburg-Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Division of Functional Immune Cell Modulation, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany.
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Center for Immunomedicine in Transplantation and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Ahodantin J, Wu J, Funaki M, Flores J, Wang X, Zheng P, Liu Y, Su L. Siglec-H -/- Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Protect Against Acute Liver Injury by Suppressing IFN-γ/Th1 Response and Promoting IL-21 + CD4 T Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:101367. [PMID: 38849082 PMCID: PMC11296256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Siglec-H is a receptor specifically expressed in mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which functions as a negative regulator of interferon-α production and plays a critical role in pDC maturation to become antigen-presenting cells. The function of pDCs in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been reported. However, the effect of Siglec-H expression in pDCs in liver inflammation and diseases remains unclear. METHODS Using the model of concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury (ALI), we investigated the Siglec-H/pDCs axis during ALI in BDCA2 transgenic mice and Siglec-H-/- mice. Anti-BDCA2 antibody, anti-interleukin (IL)-21R antibody, and Stat3 inhibitor were used to specifically deplete pDCs, block IL21 receptor, and inhibit Stat3 signaling, respectively. Splenocytes and purified naive CD4 T cells and bone marrow FLT3L-derived pDCs were cocultured and stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin and CD3/CD28 beads, respectively. RESULTS Data showed that specific depletion of pDCs aggravated concanavalin A-induced ALI. Remarkably, alanine aminotransferase, hyaluronic acid, and proinflammatory cytokines IL6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were lower in the blood and liver of Siglec-H knockout mice. This was associated with attenuation of both interferon-γ/Th1 response and Stat1 signaling in the liver of Siglec-H knockout mice while intrahepatic IL21 and Stat3 signaling pathways were upregulated. Blocking IL21R or Stat3 signaling in Siglec-H knockout mice restored concanavalin A-induced ALI. Finally, we observed that the Siglec-H-null pDCs exhibited immature and immunosuppressive phenotypes (CCR9LowCD40Low), resulting in reduction of CD4 T-cell activation and promotion of IL21+CD4 T cells in the liver. CONCLUSIONS During T-cell-mediated ALI, Siglec-H-null pDCs enhance immune tolerance and promote IL21+CD4 T cells in the liver. Targeting Siglec-H/pDC axis may provide a novel approach to modulate liver inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ahodantin
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Jiapeng Wu
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Masaya Funaki
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jair Flores
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xu Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yang Liu
- OncoC4, Inc, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lishan Su
- Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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6
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Rengifo T, Bishir M, Huang W, Snyder M, Chang SL. Network meta-analysis of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying alcohol-induced thymic atrophy. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:795-809. [PMID: 38553251 PMCID: PMC11161038 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic atrophy is characterized by loss of thymocytes, destruction of thymic architecture, and a subsequent decrease in naïve T cells with compromised immunity. Thymic atrophy occurs during aging. Environmental factors including alcohol misuse also induce thymic atrophy. Despite the link between alcohol misuse and thymic atrophy, the underlying mechanism is understudied. We aimed to identify molecules and signaling pathways that underly alcohol-induced thymic atrophy during aging. METHODS F344 rats were given 3-day binge-ethanol (4.8 g/kg/day; 52% w/v; i.g.) and the thymus was collected and weighed. Molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced thymic atrophy were investigated by network meta-analysis using the QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The molecules associated with ethanol were identified from the QIAGEN Knowledge Base (QKB) and those associated with thymic atrophy were identified from QKB and Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI). Aging-mediated Differential Expression Genes (DEGs) from mouse thymocytes were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE132136). The relationship between the molecules and associated signaling pathways were studied using IPA. RESULTS Binge-ethanol decreased thymic weight in F344 rats. Our meta-analysis using IPA identified molecules commonly shared by ethanol and thymic atrophy through which simulation with ethanol increased thymic atrophy. We then obtained aging-mediated DEGs from the atrophied thymocytes. We found that ethanol contributed to thymic atrophy through modulation of the aging-mediated DEGs. Our network meta-analysis suggests that ethanol may augment thymic atrophy through increased expression of cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33) along with their regulators (e.g., STAT1 and STAT3). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to alcohol may augment thymic atrophy by altering the activity of key inflammatory mediators, such as STAT family members and inflammatory cytokines. These findings provide insights into the signaling pathways and upstream regulators that underly alcohol-induced thymic atrophy during aging, suggesting that alcohol consumption could prepone thymic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rengifo
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University
| | | | - Sulie L. Chang
- Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University
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7
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Sriraman N, Sarkar A, Naskar S, Mahajan N, Mukherjee O, Pradeep R, George M, Sarkar K. Immunomodulatory effects of Diospyros peregrina fruit preparation (DFP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by utilizing dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation and T helper (TH) cell differentiation. Med Oncol 2024; 41:107. [PMID: 38580762 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Diospyros peregrina is a dioecious plant which is native to India. It belongs to the family of Ebenaceae and is extensively used to treat various ailments, such as leucorrhoea and other uterine-related problems. Though few studies have been on D. peregrina for their anti-tumour response, little is known. Therefore, this intrigued us to understand its immunomodulator capabilities on various types of cancer extensively. Our primary focus is on NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), which is ranked as the second largest form of cancer in the world, and the treatments demand non-invasive agents to target NSCLC effectively. In an objective to generate an efficient Lung Cancer Associated Antigen (LCA) specific anti-tumour immune response, LCA was presented using dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of D. peregrina fruit preparation (DFP). Moreover, we also investigated DFP's role in the differentiation of T-helper (TH) cells. Therefore, this study aimed at better LCA presentation mediated by DFP by activating the LCA pulsed DCs and T helper cell differentiation for better immune response. DCs were pulsed with LCA for tumour antigen presentation in vitro, with and without DFP. Differentially pulsed DCs were irradiated to co-culture with autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. Extracellular supernatants were collected for the estimation of cytokine levels by ELISA. LDH release assay was performed to test Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) mediated lung tumour cell cytotoxicity. Thus, DFP may be a potential vaccine to generate anti-LCA immune responses to restrict NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaneetan Sriraman
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Ankita Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sohom Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nitika Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Oishi Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - R Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Suo Y, Du D, Chen C, Zhu H, Wang X, Song N, Lu D, Yang Y, Li J, Wang J, Luo Z, Zhou B, Luo C, Zhou H. Uncovering PROTAC Sensitivity and Efficacy by Multidimensional Proteome Profiling: A Case for STAT3. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38466231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a powerful technology that can effectively trigger the degradation of target proteins. The intricate interplay among various factors leads to a heterogeneous drug response, bringing about significant challenges in comprehending drug mechanisms. Our study applied data-independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry to multidimensional proteome profiling of PROTAC (DIA-MPP) to uncover the efficacy and sensitivity of the PROTAC compound. We profiled the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) PROTAC degrader in six leukemia and lymphoma cell lines under multiple conditions, demonstrating the pharmacodynamic properties and downstream biological responses. Through comparison between sensitive and insensitive cell lines, we revealed that STAT1 can be regarded as a biomarker for STAT3 PROTAC degrader, which was validated in cells, patient-derived organoids, and mouse models. These results set an example for a comprehensive description of the multidimensional PROTAC pharmacodynamic response and PROTAC drug sensitivity biomarker exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Suo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daohai Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, the Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nixue Song
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dayun Lu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaxi Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, the Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, the Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongyuan Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, the Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, the Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Li X, Wu M, Lu J, Yu J, Chen D. Interleukin-21 as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy: Current advances and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189084. [PMID: 38354828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, it's well-recognized that a considerable proportion of patients fail to benefit from immunotherapy, and to improve immunotherapy response is clinically urgent. Insufficient immune infiltration and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) are main contributors to immunotherapy resistance. Thus sustaining functional self-renewal capacity for immune cells and subverting immune-suppressive signals are potential strategies for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a crucial cytokine, which could enhance cytotoxic function of immune cells and reduces immunosuppressive cells enrichment in TME, shows promising orientations as an immunoadjuvant in tumor immunotherapy. This review focuses on IL-21 in cancer treatment, including function and mechanisms of IL-21, preclinical and clinical studies, and future directions for IL-21-assisted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Koh CH, Kim BS, Kang CY, Chung Y, Seo H. IL-17 and IL-21: Their Immunobiology and Therapeutic Potentials. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e2. [PMID: 38455465 PMCID: PMC10917578 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last 2 decades have identified IL-17 and IL-21 as key cytokines in the modulation of a wide range of immune responses. IL-17 serves as a critical defender against bacterial and fungal pathogens, while maintaining symbiotic relationships with commensal microbiota. However, alterations in its levels can lead to chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. IL-21, on the other hand, bridges the adaptive and innate immune responses, and its imbalance is implicated in autoimmune diseases and cancer, highlighting its important role in both health and disease. Delving into the intricacies of these cytokines not only opens new avenues for understanding the immune system, but also promises innovative advances in the development of therapeutic strategies for numerous diseases. In this review, we will discuss an updated view of the immunobiology and therapeutic potential of IL-17 and IL-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Research & Development Center, Cellid Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Cell & Gene Therapy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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11
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Buchacher T, Shetty A, Koskela SA, Smolander J, Kaukonen R, Sousa AGG, Junttila S, Laiho A, Rundquist O, Lönnberg T, Marson A, Rasool O, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. PIM kinases regulate early human Th17 cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113469. [PMID: 38039135 PMCID: PMC10765319 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinase family (i.e., PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3) has been extensively studied in tumorigenesis. PIM kinases are downstream of several cytokine signaling pathways that drive immune-mediated diseases. Uncontrolled T helper 17 (Th17) cell activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. However, the detailed molecular function of PIMs in human Th17 cell regulation has yet to be studied. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated how the three PIMs simultaneously alter transcriptional gene regulation during early human Th17 cell differentiation. By combining PIM triple knockdown with bulk and scRNA-seq approaches, we found that PIM deficiency promotes the early expression of key Th17-related genes while suppressing Th1-lineage genes. Further, PIMs modulate Th cell signaling, potentially via STAT1 and STAT3. Overall, our study highlights the inhibitory role of PIMs in human Th17 cell differentiation, thereby suggesting their association with autoimmune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Buchacher
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ankitha Shetty
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Saara A Koskela
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johannes Smolander
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riina Kaukonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - António G G Sousa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Rundquist
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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12
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Cai Y, Ji H, Zhou X, Zhao K, Zhang X, Pan L, Shi R. Interleukin-21 modulates balance between regulatory T cells and T-helper 17 cells in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:719. [PMID: 37875903 PMCID: PMC10594809 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic HBV infection is always accompanied by differences in the balance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells in infection phases. IL-21 plays an important role in the progression of chronic HBV infection. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of the regulatory function of IL-21 in maintaining the balance between Tregs and Th17 cells in chronic HBV infection. METHODS Twenty-five chronic HBV-infected patients in the immune-tolerant (IT) phase and 23 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were recruited in this study. Cytokines production was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels were determined by qPCR. CD4+T cells were stimulated with or without IL-21. Tregs and Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry. pSTAT3 and STAT3 expression was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS The concentration of IL-21 in the serum of CHB were significantly higher than that in the serum from IT patients, and IL-21 and IL-21R levels in the PBMCs from CHB were higher than those from IT patients. IL-21 promoted Th17 cells differentiation and function but inhibited Treg cells differentiation and function by activating STAT3 signaling pathways, upregulating RORγt expression, downregulating Foxp3 expression, by increasing IL-17and IL-22 secretion, and decreasing TGF-β secretion in chronic HBV infection. The proportion of Tregs and TGF-β concentrations in CHB was significantly lower than that in IT patients. Furthermore, the percentage of Th17 cells and the IL-17 concentration in CHB was markedly higher than that in IT patients, causing a reduction in the Tregs/Th17 ratio in CHB patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IL-21 may contribute to inflammation in chronic HBV infection by modulating the balance between Treg and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cai
- Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Gastroenterology Disease, The First People's Hospital of Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Hailei Ji
- Department of Infections Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology Disease, The First People's Hospital of Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology Disease, The First People's Hospital of Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology Disease, The First People's Hospital of Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology Disease, The First People's Hospital of Jintan District, Changzhou, 213200, China
| | - Ruihua Shi
- Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology Disease, The Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Solimando AG, Desantis V, Palumbo C, Marasco C, Pappagallo F, Montagnani M, Ingravallo G, Cicco S, Di Paola R, Tabares P, Beilhack A, Dammacco F, Ria R, Vacca A. STAT1 overexpression triggers aplastic anemia: a pilot study unravelling novel pathogenetic insights in bone marrow failure. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2687-2694. [PMID: 36826612 PMCID: PMC10543574 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We identified STAT1 gain of function (GOF) in a 32-year-old female with pallor, weakness, cough, and dyspnea admitted to our Division of Medicine. She had severe oral ulcers (OU), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and pancytopenia. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy showed the absence of erythroid precursors. Peripheral blood parameters such as neutrophils < 500/mL, reticulocytes < 2%, and BM hypo-cellularity allowed to diagnose severe aplastic anemia. A heterozygous variant (p.520T>C, p.Cys174Arg) of STAT1 was uncovered. Thus, p.Cys174Arg mutation was investigated as potentially responsible for the patient's inborn immunity error and aplastic anemia. Although STAT1 GOF is rare, aplastic anemia is a more common condition; therefore, we explored STAT1 functional role in the pathobiology of BM failure. Interestingly, in a cohort of six patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia, enhanced phospho-STAT1 levels were observed on BM immunostaining. Next, the most remarkable features associated with STAT1 signaling dysregulation were examined: in both pure red cell aplasia and aplastic anemia, CD8+ T cell genetic variants and mutations display enhanced signaling activities related to the JAK-STAT pathway. Inborn errors of immunity may represent a paradigmatic condition to unravel crucial pathobiological mechanisms shared by common pathological conditions. Findings from our case-based approach and the phenotype correspondence to idiopathic aplastic anemia cases prompt further statistically powered prospective studies aiming to elucidate the exact role and theragnostic window for JAK/STAT targeting in this clinical context. Nonetheless, we demonstrate how a comprehensive study of patients with primary immunodeficiencies can lead to pathophysiologic insights and potential therapeutic approaches within a broader spectrum of aplastic anemia cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Palumbo
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Carolina Marasco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pappagallo
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paula Tabares
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franco Dammacco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Sailliet N, Mai HL, Dupuy A, Tilly G, Fourgeux C, Braud M, Giral M, Robert JM, Degauque N, Danger R, Poschmann J, Brouard S. Human granzyme B regulatory B cells prevent effector CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation through a mechanism dependent from lymphotoxin alpha. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183714. [PMID: 37588598 PMCID: PMC10425555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human Granzyme B (GZMB) regulatory B cells (Bregs) have suppressive properties on CD4+ effector T cells by a mechanism partially dependent on GZMB. Moreover, these cells may be easily induced in vitro making them interesting for cell therapy. Methods We characterized this population of in vitro induced GZMB+Bregs using single cell transcriptomics. To investigate their regulatory properties, Bregs or total B cells were also co-cultured with T cells and scRNAseq was used to identify receptor ligand interactions and to reveal gene expression changes in the T cells. Results We find that Bregs exhibit a unique set of 149 genes differentially expressed and which are implicated in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and altered antigen presentation capacity consistent with their differentiated B cells profile. Notably, Bregs induced a strong inhibition of T cell genes associated to proliferation, activation, inflammation and apoptosis compared to total B cells. We identified and validated 5 receptor/ligand interactions between Bregs and T cells. Functional analysis using specific inhibitors was used to test their suppressive properties and we identified Lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) as a new and potent Breg ligand implicated in Breg suppressive properties. Discussion We report for the first time for a role of LTA in GZMB+Bregs as an enhancer of GZMB expression, and involved in the suppressive properties of GZMB+Bregs in human. The exact mechanism of LTA/GZMB function in this specific subset of Bregs remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sailliet
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Hoa-Le Mai
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Amandine Dupuy
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Gaëlle Tilly
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Fourgeux
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Martin Braud
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Robert
- Institut De Recherche En Santé 2, Cibles Et Médicaments Des Infections Et De l’Immunité IICiMed-UR1155, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Danger
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (CR2TI), UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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15
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Largent AD, Lambert K, Chiang K, Shumlak N, Liggitt D, Oukka M, Torgerson TR, Buckner JH, Allenspach EJ, Rawlings DJ, Jackson SW. Dysregulated IFN-γ signals promote autoimmunity in STAT1 gain-of-function syndrome. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade7028. [PMID: 37406138 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function (GOF) mutations promote a clinical syndrome of immune dysregulation characterized by recurrent infections and predisposition to humoral autoimmunity. To gain insights into immune characteristics of STAT1-driven inflammation, we performed deep immunophenotyping of pediatric patients with STAT1 GOF syndrome and age-matched controls. Affected individuals exhibited dysregulated CD4+ T cell and B cell activation, including expansion of TH1-skewed CXCR3+ populations that correlated with serum autoantibody titers. To dissect underlying immune mechanisms, we generated Stat1 GOF transgenic mice (Stat1GOF mice) and confirmed the development of spontaneous humoral autoimmunity that recapitulated the human phenotype. Despite clinical resemblance to human regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency, Stat1GOF mice and humans with STAT1 GOF syndrome exhibited normal Treg development and function. In contrast, STAT1 GOF autoimmunity was characterized by adaptive immune activation driven by dysregulated STAT1-dependent signals downstream of the type 1 and type 2 interferon (IFN) receptors. However, in contrast to the prevailing type 1 IFN-centric model for STAT1 GOF autoimmunity, Stat1GOF mice lacking the type 1 IFN receptor were only partially protected from STAT1-driven systemic inflammation, whereas loss of type 2 IFN (IFN-γ) signals abrogated autoimmunity. Last, germline STAT1 GOF alleles are thought to enhance transcriptional activity by increasing total STAT1 protein, but the underlying biochemical mechanisms have not been defined. We showed that IFN-γ receptor deletion normalized total STAT1 expression across immune lineages, highlighting IFN-γ as the critical driver of feedforward STAT1 elevation in STAT1 GOF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristy Chiang
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Natali Shumlak
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mohammed Oukka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Eric J Allenspach
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shaun W Jackson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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16
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Toth KA, Schmitt EG, Cooper MA. Deficiencies and Dysregulation of STAT Pathways That Drive Inborn Errors of Immunity: Lessons from Patients and Mouse Models of Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1463-1472. [PMID: 37126806 PMCID: PMC10151837 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The STAT family proteins provide critical signals for immune cell development, differentiation, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are caused by single gene defects leading to immune deficiency and/or dysregulation, and they have provided opportunities to identify genes important for regulating the human immune response. Studies of patients with IEIs due to altered STAT signaling, and mouse models of these diseases, have helped to shape current understanding of the mechanisms whereby STAT signaling and protein interactions regulate immunity. Although many STAT signaling pathways are shared, clinical and immune phenotypes in patients with monogenic defects of STAT signaling highlight both redundant and nonredundant pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the shared and unique signaling pathways used by STATs, phenotypes of IEIs with altered STAT signaling, and recent discoveries that have provided insight into the human immune response and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Toth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erica G. Schmitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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17
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Brandstoetter T, Schmoellerl J, Grausenburger R, Kollmann S, Doma E, Huuhtanen J, Klampfl T, Eder T, Grebien F, Hoermann G, Zuber J, Mustjoki S, Maurer B, Sexl V. SBNO2 is a critical mediator of STAT3-driven hematological malignancies. Blood 2023; 141:1831-1845. [PMID: 36630607 PMCID: PMC10646773 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene are recurrently identified in patients with large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) and in some cases of natural killer (NK)/T-cell and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. To understand the consequences and molecular mechanisms contributing to disease development and oncogenic transformation, we developed murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell models that express mutated STAT3Y640F. These cells show accelerated proliferation and enhanced self-renewal potential. We integrated gene expression analyses and chromatin occupancy profiling of STAT3Y640F-transformed cells with data from patients with T-LGLL. This approach uncovered a conserved set of direct transcriptional targets of STAT3Y640F. Among these, strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) represents an essential transcriptional target, which was identified by a comparative genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based loss-of-function screen. The STAT3-SBNO2 axis is also present in NK-cell leukemia, T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and NPM-ALK-rearranged T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (T-ALCL), which are driven by STAT3-hyperactivation/mutation. In patients with NPM-ALK+ T-ALCL, high SBNO2 expression correlates with shorter relapse-free and overall survival. Our findings identify SBNO2 as a potential therapeutic intervention site for STAT3-driven hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Brandstoetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Doma
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Thorsten Klampfl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- ICAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Lad BM, Beniwal AS, Jain S, Shukla P, Jung J, Shah SS, Yagnik G, Babikir H, Nguyen AT, Gill S, Young JS, Lui A, Salha D, Diaz A, Aghi MK. Glioblastoma induces the recruitment and differentiation of hybrid neutrophils from skull bone marrow. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.534105. [PMID: 36993266 PMCID: PMC10055347 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) effects on glioblastoma biology remain under-characterized. We show here that 'hybrid' neutrophils with dendritic features - including morphological complexity, expression of antigen presentation genes, and the ability to process exogenous peptide and stimulate MHCII-dependent T cell activation - accumulate intratumorally and suppress tumor growth in vivo . Trajectory analysis of patient TAN scRNA-seq identifies this phenotype as a polarization state which is distinct from canonical cytotoxic TANs and differentiates intratumorally from immature precursors absent in circulation. Rather, these hybrid-inducible immature neutrophils - which we identified in patient and murine glioblastomas - arise from local skull marrow. Through labeled skull flap transplantation and targeted ablation, we characterize calvarial marrow as a potent contributor of antitumoral myeloid APCs, including hybrid TANs and dendritic cells, which elicit T cell cytotoxicity and memory. As such, agents augmenting neutrophil egress from skull marrow - such as intracalvarial AMD3100 whose survival prolonging-effect in GBM we demonstrate - present therapeutic potential.
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19
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T Cell Energy Metabolism Is a Target of Glucocorticoids in Mice, Healthy Humans, and MS Patients. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030450. [PMID: 36766792 PMCID: PMC9914408 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) by exerting prominent activities in T cells including apoptosis induction and suppression of cytokine production. However, little is known about their impact on energy metabolism, although it is widely accepted that this process is a critical rheostat of T cell activity. We thus tested the hypothesis that GCs control genes and processes involved in nutrient transport and glycolysis. Our experiments revealed that escalating doses of dexamethasone (Dex) repressed energy metabolism in murine and human primary T cells. This effect was mediated by the GC receptor and unrelated to both apoptosis induction and Stat1 activity. In contrast, treatment of human T cells with rapamycin abolished the repression of metabolic gene expression by Dex, unveiling mTOR as a critical target of GC action. A similar phenomenon was observed in MS patients after intravenous methylprednisolon (IVMP) pulse therapy. The expression of metabolic genes was reduced in the peripheral blood T cells of most patients 24 h after GC treatment, an effect that correlated with disease activity. Collectively, our results establish the regulation of T cell energy metabolism by GCs as a new immunomodulatory principle.
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20
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Chakraborty R, Darido C, Liu F, Maselko M, Ranganathan S. Head and Neck Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Biological Aspects of Preclinical and Clinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030852. [PMID: 36765809 PMCID: PMC9913716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakthrough research in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the development of a human papilloma virus vaccine triggered a plethora of research in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Both had significant effects on the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The advent of preclinical models and multidisciplinary approaches including bioinformatics, genetic engineering, clinical oncology, and immunology helped in the development of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Here, we discuss different immunotherapies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, immune checkpoint inhibitors, interleukins, and cancer vaccines for the treatment of head and neck cancer. This review showcases the intrinsic relation between the understanding and implementation of basic biology and clinical practice. We also address potential limitations of each immunotherapy approach and the advantages of personalized immunotherapy. Overall, the aim of this review is to encourage further research in the field of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chakraborty
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Maciej Maselko
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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21
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Fang D, Healy A, Zhu J. Differential regulation of lineage-determining transcription factor expression in innate lymphoid cell and adaptive T helper cell subsets. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081153. [PMID: 36685550 PMCID: PMC9846361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets, including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, and their innate counterparts innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets consisting of ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, display similar effector cytokine-producing capabilities during pro-inflammatory immune responses. These lymphoid cell subsets utilize the same set of lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) for their differentiation, development and functions. The distinct ontogeny and developmental niches between Th cells and ILCs indicate that they may adopt different external signals for the induction of LDTF during lineage commitment. Increasing evidence demonstrates that many conserved cis-regulatory elements at the gene loci of LDTFs are often preferentially utilized for the induction of LDTF expression during Th cell differentiation and ILC development at different stages. In this review, we discuss the functions of lineage-related cis-regulatory elements in inducing T-bet, GATA3 or RORγt expression based on the genetic evidence provided in recent publications. We also review and compare the upstream signals involved in LDTF induction in Th cells and ILCs both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms and physiological importance of regulating LDTF dynamic expression during ILC development and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difeng Fang
- *Correspondence: Difeng Fang, ; Jinfang Zhu,
| | | | - Jinfang Zhu
- *Correspondence: Difeng Fang, ; Jinfang Zhu,
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22
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Zhou Y, Quan G, Liu Y, Shi N, Wu Y, Zhang R, Gao X, Luo L. The application of Interleukin-2 family cytokines in tumor immunotherapy research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090311. [PMID: 36936961 PMCID: PMC10018032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin-2 Family contains six kinds of cytokines, namely IL-2, IL-15, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21, all of which share a common γ chain. Many cytokines of the IL-2 family have been reported to be a driving force in immune cells activation. Therefore, researchers have tried various methods to study the anti-tumor effect of cytokines for a long time. However, due to the short half-life, poor stability, easy to lead to inflammatory storms and narrow safety treatment window of cytokines, this field has been tepid. In recent years, with the rapid development of protein engineering technology, some engineered cytokines have a significant effect in tumor immunotherapy, showing an irresistible trend of development. In this review, we will discuss the current researches of the IL-2 family and mainly focus on the application and achievements of engineered cytokines in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyihua Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqi Quan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
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23
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CD4+IL9+ (Th9) cells as the major source of IL-9, potentially modulate Th17/Treg mediated host immune response during experimental cerebral malaria. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:240-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Interferon-γ Stimulates Interleukin-27 Derived from Dendritic Cells to Regulate Th9 Differentiation through STAT1/3 Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1542112. [PMID: 36304255 PMCID: PMC9596272 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1542112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The initiation and progression of allergic asthma (AA) are associated with complex interactions between inflammation and immune response. Herein, we report the specific mechanisms underlying the molecular action of interferon (IFN)-γ in AA regulation. We speculated that IFN-γ inhibits Th9 differentiation by regulating the secretion of interleukin (IL)-27 from dendritic cells (DCs), thereby suppressing airway inflammation in asthma. We constructed a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced AA and overexpressed IFN-γ to evaluate the effect on the IL-27/Th9 axis via the in vitro effect of IFN-γ on IL-27 secretion by DCs and their influence on Th9 differentiation and asthmatic inflammation. IFN-γ overexpression reduced the proportion of Th9 cells and DCs and altered lung morphology and cytokine production in AA-induced mice, thus suppressing the AA phenotype. In addition, exogenous IFN-γ stimulation promoted the secretion of IL-27 and suppressed Th9 differentiation of CD4+ T cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/3 (STAT1/3) signaling in a time-dependent manner. This study aimed to clarify the regulatory effect and mechanism of the IFN-γ/DCs/IL-27/Th9 axis on AA and provide novel insights for effective targeted treatment of asthma.
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25
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The JAK-STAT pathway at 30: Much learned, much more to do. Cell 2022; 185:3857-3876. [PMID: 36240739 PMCID: PMC9815833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway arose from investigations of how cells respond to interferons (IFNs), revealing a paradigm in cell signaling conserved from slime molds to mammals. These discoveries revealed mechanisms underlying rapid gene expression mediated by a wide variety of extracellular polypeptides including cytokines, interleukins, and related factors. This knowledge has provided numerous insights into human disease, from immune deficiencies to cancer, and was rapidly translated to new drugs for autoimmune, allergic, and infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Despite these advances, major challenges and opportunities remain.
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26
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Balance between immunoregulatory B cells and plasma cells drives pancreatic tumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100744. [PMID: 36099917 PMCID: PMC9512696 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma cell responses are associated with anti-tumor immunity and favorable response to immunotherapy. B cells can amplify anti-tumor immune responses through antibody production; yet B cells in patients and tumor-bearing mice often fail to support this effector function. We identify dysregulated transcriptional program in B cells that disrupts differentiation of naive B cells into anti-tumor plasma cells. The signaling network contributing to this dysfunction is driven by interleukin (IL) 35 stimulation of a STAT3-PAX5 complex that upregulates the transcriptional regulator BCL6 in naive B cells. Transient inhibition of BCL6 in tumor-educated naive B cells is sufficient to reverse the dysfunction in B cell differentiation, stimulating the intra-tumoral accumulation of plasma cells and effector T cells and rendering pancreatic tumors sensitive to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade. Our findings argue that B cell effector dysfunction in cancer can be due to an active systemic suppression program that can be targeted to synergize with T cell-directed immunotherapy. Balance between regulatory B cells and plasma cells shapes pancreatic tumor growth Cancer primes naive B cells toward regulatory B cell differentiation IL-35 drives B cell reprogramming via formation of a pSTAT3-Pax5 complex IL-35/BCL6 blockade in naive B cells enhances αPD1 efficacy
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27
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Quast I, Dvorscek AR, Pattaroni C, Steiner TM, McKenzie CI, Pitt C, O'Donnell K, Ding Z, Hill DL, Brink R, Robinson MJ, Zotos D, Tarlinton DM. Interleukin-21, acting beyond the immunological synapse, independently controls T follicular helper and germinal center B cells. Immunity 2022; 55:1414-1430.e5. [PMID: 35896116 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs), transient structures within B cell follicles and central to affinity maturation, require the coordinated behavior of T and B cells. IL-21, a pleiotropic T cell-derived cytokine, is key to GC biology through incompletely understood mechanisms. By genetically restricting production and receipt of IL-21 in vivo, we reveal how its independent actions on T and B cells combine to regulate the GC. IL-21 established the magnitude of the GC B cell response by promoting CD4+ T cell expansion and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner and with paracrine activity. Within GC, IL-21 specifically promoted B cell centroblast identity and, when bioavailability was high, plasma cell differentiation. Critically, these actions may occur irrespective of cognate T-B interactions, making IL-21 a general promoter of growth as distinct to a mediator of affinity-driven selection via synaptic delivery. This promiscuous activity of IL-21 explains the consequences of IL-21 deficiency on antibody-based immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Alexandra R Dvorscek
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Celine Pattaroni
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Thiago M Steiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danika L Hill
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Marcus J Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Dimitra Zotos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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28
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Rayasam A, Kijak JA, Kissel L, Choi YH, Kim T, Hsu M, Joshi D, Laaker CJ, Cismaru P, Lindstedt A, Kovacs K, Vemuganti R, Chiu SY, Priyathilaka TT, Sandor M, Fabry Z. CXCL13 expressed on inflamed cerebral blood vessels recruit IL-21 producing T FH cells to damage neurons following stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:125. [PMID: 35624463 PMCID: PMC9145182 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, largely due to the inflammatory response to brain ischemia during post-stroke reperfusion. Despite ongoing intensive research, there have not been any clinically approved drugs targeting the inflammatory component to stroke. Preclinical studies have identified T cells as pro-inflammatory mediators of ischemic brain damage, yet mechanisms that regulate the infiltration and phenotype of these cells are lacking. Further understanding of how T cells migrate to the ischemic brain and facilitate neuronal death during brain ischemia can reveal novel targets for post-stroke intervention. METHODS To identify the population of T cells that produce IL-21 and contribute to stroke, we performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice and performed flow cytometry on brain tissue. We also utilized immunohistochemistry in both mouse and human brain sections to identify cell types and inflammatory mediators related to stroke-induced IL-21 signaling. To mechanistically demonstrate our findings, we employed pharmacological inhibitor anti-CXCL13 and performed histological analyses to evaluate its effects on brain infarct damage. Finally, to evaluate cellular mechanisms of stroke, we exposed mouse primary neurons to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions with or without IL-21 and measured cell viability, caspase activity and JAK/STAT signaling. RESULTS Flow cytometry on brains from mice following tMCAO identified a novel population of cells IL-21 producing CXCR5+ CD4+ ICOS-1+ T follicular helper cells (TFH) in the ischemic brain early after injury. We observed augmented expression of CXCL13 on inflamed brain vascular cells and demonstrated that inhibition of CXCL13 protects mice from tMCAO by restricting the migration and influence of IL-21 producing TFH cells in the ischemic brain. We also illustrate that neurons express IL-21R in the peri-infarct regions of both mice and human stroke tissue in vivo. Lastly, we found that IL-21 acts on mouse primary ischemic neurons to activate the JAK/STAT pathway and induce caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings identify a novel mechanism for how pro-inflammatory T cells are recruited to the ischemic brain to propagate stroke damage and provide a potential new therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Julie A Kijak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lee Kissel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taehee Kim
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dinesh Joshi
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Collin J Laaker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter Cismaru
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anders Lindstedt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Krisztian Kovacs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shing Yan Chiu
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Liu YW, Fu SH, Chien MW, Hsu CY, Lin MH, Dong JL, Lu RJH, Lee YJ, Chen PY, Wang CH, Sytwu HK. Blimp-1 moulds the epigenetic architecture of IL-21-mediated autoimmune diseases through an autoregulatory circuit. JCI Insight 2022; 7:151614. [PMID: 35503415 PMCID: PMC9220827 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.151614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive regulatory domain 1 (PRDM1) encodes B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1), also known as a master regulator of T cell homeostasis. We observed a negative relationship between Blimp-1 and IL-21 based on our previous data that Blimp-1 overexpression in T cells suppresses autoimmune diabetes while Blimp-1–deficient T cells contribute to colitis in NOD mice. Reanalysis of published data sets also revealed an inverse correlation between PRDM1 and IL21 in Crohn’s disease. Here, we illustrate that Blimp-1 repressed IL-21 by reducing chromatin accessibility and evicting an IL-21 activator, c-Maf, from the Il21 promoter. Moreover, Blimp-1 overexpression–mediated reduction in permissive chromatin structures at the Il21 promoter could override IL-21–accelerated autoimmune diabetogenesis in small ubiquitin-like modifier–defective c-Maf–transgenic mice. An autoregulatory feedback loop to harness IL-21 expression was unveiled by the evidence that IL-21 addition induced time-dependent Blimp-1 expression and subsequently enriched its binding to the Il21 promoter to suppress IL-21 overproduction. Furthermore, intervention of this feedback loop by IL-21 blockade, with IL-21R.Fc administration or IL-21 receptor deletion, attenuated Blimp-1 deficiency–mediated colitis and reinforced the circuit between Blimp-1 and IL-21 in the regulation of autoimmunity. We highlight the translation of Blimp-1–based epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles applicable to a personalized medicine approach in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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30
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IL-21 plays an important role in modulating “Th17-Treg” cell axis in leprosy Type 1 reactions. Cytokine 2022; 152:155821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Yiu G, Rasmussen TK, Tsai BL, Diep VK, Haddon DJ, Tsoi J, Miller GD, Comin-Anduix B, Deleuran B, Crooks GM, Utz PJ. High Interferon Signature Leads to Increased STAT1/3/5 Phosphorylation in PBMCs From SLE Patients by Single Cell Mass Cytometry. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833636. [PMID: 35185925 PMCID: PMC8851522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of an “interferon (IFN) signature” to subset SLE patients on disease severity has led to therapeutics targeting IFNα. Here, we investigate IFN signaling in SLE using multiplexed protein arrays and single cell cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). First, the IFN signature for SLE patients (n=81) from the Stanford Lupus Registry is determined using fluidigm qPCR measuring 44 previously determined IFN-inducible transcripts. IFN-high (IFN-H) patients have increased SLE criteria and renal/CNS/immunologic involvement, and increased autoantibody reactivity against spliceosome-associated antigens. CyTOF analysis is performed on non-stimulated and stimulated (IFNα, IFNγ, IL-21) PBMCs from SLE patients (n=25) and HCs (n=9) in a panel identifying changes in phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins (pTOF). Another panel is utilized to detect changes in intracellular cytokine (ICTOF) production in non-stimulated and stimulated (PMA/ionomycin) PBMCs from SLE patients (n=31) and HCs (n=17). Bioinformatic analysis by MetaCyto and OMIQ reveal phenotypic changes in immune cell subsets between IFN-H and IFN-low (IFN-L) patients. Most notably, IFN-H patients exhibit increased STAT1/3/5 phosphorylation downstream of cytokine stimulation and increased phosphorylation of non-canonical STAT proteins. These results suggest that IFN signaling in SLE modulates STAT phosphorylation, potentially uncovering possible targets for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Yiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Rheumatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tue Kruse Rasmussen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brandon L Tsai
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vivian K Diep
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David J Haddon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Tsoi
- Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gopika D Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine, Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Eli and Edythe Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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32
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Rosenberg JM, Peters JM, Hughes T, Lareau CA, Ludwig LS, Massoth LR, Austin-Tse C, Rehm HL, Bryson B, Chen YB, Regev A, Shalek AK, Fortune SM, Sykes DB. JAK inhibition in a patient with a STAT1 gain-of-function variant reveals STAT1 dysregulation as a common feature of aplastic anemia. MED (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:42-57.e5. [PMID: 35590143 PMCID: PMC9123284 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic aplastic anemia is a potentially lethal disease, characterized by T cell-mediated autoimmune attack of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. Standard of care therapies (stem cell transplantation or immunosuppression) are effective but associated with a risk of serious toxicities. METHODS An 18-year-old man presented with aplastic anemia in the context of a germline gain-of-function variant in STAT1. Treatment with the JAK1 inhibitor itacitinib resulted in a rapid resolution of aplastic anemia and a sustained recovery of hematopoiesis. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were compared before and after JAK1 inhibitor therapy. FINDINGS Following therapy, samples showed a decrease in the plasma concentration of interferon-γ, a decrease in PD1-positive exhausted CD8+ T cell population, and a decrease in an interferon responsive myeloid population. Single-cell analysis of chromatin accessibility showed decreased accessibility of STAT1 across CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as CD14+ monocytes. To query whether other cases of aplastic anemia share a similar STAT1-mediated pathophysiology, we examined a cohort of 9 patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia. Bone marrow from six of nine patients also displayed abnormal STAT1 hyper-activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise the possibility that STAT1 hyperactivition defines a subset of idiopathic aplastic anemia patients for whom JAK inhibition may be an efficacious therapy. FUNDING Funding was provided by the Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine Pathways Program and NIH T32 AI007387. A trial registration is at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03906318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA,Corresponding Author and Lead Contact: Jacob M. Rosenberg, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, , 860-930-5744
| | - Joshua M. Peters
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA
| | - Caleb A. Lareau
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Leif S. Ludwig
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Lucas R. Massoth
- Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Christina Austin-Tse
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Personalized Medicine; Cambridge, MA,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Heidi L. Rehm
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114,Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Bryan Bryson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA
| | - Yi-Bin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Boston, MA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; Cambridge, MA,Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, MA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA, 02114,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Cambridge, MA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center; Boston, MA
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33
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Ahlers J, Mantei A, Lozza L, Stäber M, Heinrich F, Bacher P, Hohnstein T, Menzel L, Yüz SG, Alvarez-Simon D, Bickenbach AR, Weidinger C, Mockel-Tenbrinck N, Kühl AA, Siegmund B, Maul J, Neumann C, Scheffold A. A Notch/STAT3-driven Blimp-1/c-Maf-dependent molecular switch induces IL-10 expression in human CD4 + T cells and is defective in Crohn´s disease patients. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:480-490. [PMID: 35169232 PMCID: PMC9038525 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive Interleukin (IL)-10 production by pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells is a central self-regulatory function to limit aberrant inflammation. Still, the molecular mediators controlling IL-10 expression in human CD4+ T cells are largely undefined. Here, we identify a Notch/STAT3 signaling-module as a universal molecular switch to induce IL-10 expression across human naïve and major effector CD4+ T cell subsets. IL-10 induction was transient, jointly controlled by the transcription factors Blimp-1/c-Maf and accompanied by upregulation of several co-inhibitory receptors, including LAG-3, CD49b, PD-1, TIM-3 and TIGIT. Consistent with a protective role of IL-10 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), effector CD4+ T cells from Crohn's disease patients were defective in Notch/STAT3-induced IL-10 production and skewed towards an inflammatory Th1/17 cell phenotype. Collectively, our data identify a Notch/STAT3-Blimp-1/c-Maf axis as a common anti-inflammatory pathway in human CD4+ T cells, which is defective in IBD and thus may represent an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ahlers
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.420214.1Present Address: Sanofi Pasteur, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrej Mantei
- Labor Berlin, Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Cell Biology, Precision for Medicine GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Stäber
- Central Lab Service, Max-Plack-Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- grid.413453.40000 0001 2224 3060German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ) Berlin, Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany ,grid.9764.c0000 0001 2153 9986Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Thordis Hohnstein
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Translational Tumor Immunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simge G. Yüz
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Simon
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Anne Rieke Bickenbach
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Carl Weidinger
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Mockel-Tenbrinck
- grid.59409.310000 0004 0552 5033Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co.KG, Bergisch-Gladbach, Nordrhein-Westfalen Germany
| | - Anja A. Kühl
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662iPATH, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Maul
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XInstitute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & UKSH Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Sandner L, Alteneder M, Zhu C, Hladik A, Högler S, Rica R, Van Greuningen LW, Sharif O, Sakaguchi S, Knapp S, Kenner L, Trauner M, Ellmeier W, Boucheron N. The Tyrosine Kinase Tec Regulates Effector Th17 Differentiation, Pathogenicity, and Plasticity in T-Cell-Driven Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750466. [PMID: 35003062 PMCID: PMC8728872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) 17 cells are not only key in controlling infections mediated by extracellular bacteria and fungi but are also triggering autoimmune responses. Th17 cells comprise heterogeneous subsets, some with pathogenic functions. They can cease to secrete their hallmark cytokine IL-17A and even convert to other T helper lineages, a process known as transdifferentiation relying on plasticity. Both pathogenicity and plasticity are tightly linked to IL-23 signaling. Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Tec is highly induced in Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation was enhanced at low interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in absence of Tec, which correlates with increased STAT3 phosphorylation and higher Il23r expression. Therefore, we uncovered a function for Tec in the IL-6 sensing via STAT3 by CD4+ T cells, defining Tec as a fine-tuning negative regulator of Th17 differentiation. Subsequently, by using the IL-17A fate mapping mouse combined with in vivo adoptive transfer models, we demonstrated that Tec not only restrained effector Th17 differentiation but also pathogenicity and plasticity in a T-cell intrinsic manner. Our data further suggest that Tec regulates inflammatory Th17-driven immune responses directly impacting disease severity in a T-cell-driven colitis model. Notably, consistent with the in vitro findings, elevated levels of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) were observed on intestinal pre- and postconversion Th17 cells isolated from diseased Tec-/- mice subjected to adoptive transfer colitis, highlighting a fundamental role of Tec in restraining IL-23R expression, likely via the IL-6-STAT3 signaling axis. Taken together, these findings identify Tec as a negative regulator of Th17 differentiation, pathogenicity, and plasticity, contributing to the mechanisms which help T cells to orchestrate optimal immune protection and to restrain immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sandner
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlis Alteneder
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ci Zhu
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine 1, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Högler
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramona Rica
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Omar Sharif
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine 1, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Experimental and Translational Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Nicole Boucheron,
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Zhao S, Wang C, Lu P, Lou Y, Liu H, Wang T, Yang S, Bao Z, Han L, Liang X, Ma C, Gao L. Switch receptor T3/28 improves long-term persistence and antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003176. [PMID: 34853180 PMCID: PMC8638458 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been successfully used in tumor immunotherapy due to their strong antitumor responses, especially in hematological malignancies such as B cell acute lymphoid leukemia. However, on-target off-tumor toxicity and poor persistence severely limit the clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy. Methods T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain molecule 3 (TIM-3) was used to develop a second-generation 41BB CD19 CAR linked with a T3/28 chimera, in which truncated extracellular TIM-3 was fused with the CD28 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The efficacy of T3/28 CAR-T cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results We demonstrated that the switch receptor T3/28 preserved the TCM phenotype, improved proliferative capacity, and reduced exhaustion of CAR-T cells, resulting in superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in B lymphoma. Importantly, the switch receptor T3/28 substantially prolonged the persistence of CAR-T cells, and the interleukin-21/Stat3 axis probably contributed to the enhanced cytotoxicity of T3/28 CAR-T cells. Conclusion Overall, the T3/28 chimera significantly prolonged the persistence of CAR-T cells, and T3/28 CAR-T cells possessed potent antitumor activity in mice, shedding new light on potential improvements in adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Hematology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yalin Lou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyou Bao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Li L, Shan W, Zhu H, Xue F, Ma Y, Dong L, Feng D, Mao J, Yuan G, Wang X. SJMHE1 Peptide from Schistosoma japonicum Inhibits Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance via miR-155. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5305-5318. [PMID: 34703270 PMCID: PMC8523811 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Helminths and their products can regulate immune response and offer new strategies to control and alleviate inflammation, including asthma. We previously found that a peptide named as SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum can suppress asthma in mice. This study mainly investigated the molecular mechanism of SJMHE1 in inhibiting asthma inflammation. Methods SJMHE1 was administered to mice with OVA-induced asthma via subcutaneous injection, and its effects were detected by testing the airway inflammation of mice. The Th cell distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Th-related transcription factor and cytokine expression in the lungs of mice were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of miR-155 and levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 were also determined after SJMHE1 treatment in mice by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The in vitro mouse CD4+ T cells were transfected with lentivirus containing overexpressed or inhibited miR-155, and the proportion of Th17, Treg cells, CD4+p-STAT3+, and CD4+p-STAT5+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results SJMHE1 ameliorated the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice, upregulated the proportion of Th1 and Treg cells, and the expression of Th1 and Treg-related transcription factor and cytokines. Simultaneously, SJMHE1 treatment reduced the percentage of Th2 and Th17 cells and the expression of Th2 and Th17-related transcription factor and cytokines. SJMHE1 treatment decreased the expression of miR-155 and p-STAT3 but increased p-STAT5 expression. In vitro, the percentage of Th17 and CD4+p-STAT3+ cells increased in CD4+ T cells transfected over-expression of miR-155, but SJMHE1 inhibited the miR-155-mediated increase of Th17 cells. Furthermore, SJMHE1 increased the proportion of Treg and CD4+p-STAT5+ cells after transfected over-expression or inhibition of miR-155. Conclusion SJMHE1 regulated the balance of Th17 and Treg cells by modulating the activation of STAT3 and STAT5 via miR-155 in asthma. SJMHE1 might be a promising treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Taixing City People's Hospital, Taixing, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Taixing City People's Hospital, Taixing, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan, 213200, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
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IL-6 enhances CD4 cell motility by sustaining mitochondrial Ca 2+ through the noncanonical STAT3 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2103444118. [PMID: 34507993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103444118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is known to regulate the CD4 T cell function by inducing gene expression of a number of cytokines through activation of Stat3 transcription factor. Here, we reveal that IL-6 strengthens the mechanics of CD4 T cells. The presence of IL-6 during activation of mouse and human CD4 T cells enhances their motility (random walk and exploratory spread), resulting in an increase in travel distance and higher velocity. This is an intrinsic effect of IL-6 on CD4 T-cell fitness that involves an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ Although Stat3 transcriptional activity is dispensable for this process, IL-6 uses mitochondrial Stat3 to enhance mitochondrial Ca2+-mediated motility of CD4 T cells. Thus, through a noncanonical pathway, IL-6 can improve competitive fitness of CD4 T cells by facilitating cell motility. These results could lead to alternative therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases in which IL-6 plays a pathogenic role.
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Th17-Related Cytokines as Potential Discriminatory Markers between Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) and Multiple Sclerosis-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168946. [PMID: 34445668 PMCID: PMC8396435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Devic’s disease (NMO; neuromyelitis optica) are autoimmune, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), the etiology of which remains unclear. It is a serious limitation in the treatment of these diseases. The resemblance of the clinical pictures of these two conditions generates a partial possibility of introducing similar treatment, but on the other hand, a high risk of misdiagnosis. Therefore, a better understanding and comparative characterization of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of each of these diseases are essential to improve their discriminatory diagnosis and more effective treatment. In this review, special attention is given to Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the context of their potential usefulness as discriminatory markers for MS and NMO. The discussed results emphasize the role of Th17 immune response in both MS and NMO pathogenesis, which, however, cannot be considered without taking into account the broader perspective of immune response mechanisms.
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Marié IJ, Brambilla L, Azzouz D, Chen Z, Baracho GV, Arnett A, Li HS, Liu W, Cimmino L, Chattopadhyay P, Silverman G, Watowich SS, Khor B, Levy DE. Tonic interferon restricts pathogenic IL-17-driven inflammatory disease via balancing the microbiome. eLife 2021; 10:68371. [PMID: 34378531 PMCID: PMC8376249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis involves a synergistic relationship between the host and the microbiome. Canonical interferon (IFN) signaling controls responses to acute microbial infection, through engagement of the STAT1 transcription factor. However, the contribution of tonic levels of IFN to immune homeostasis in the absence of acute infection remains largely unexplored. We report that STAT1 KO mice spontaneously developed an inflammatory disease marked by myeloid hyperplasia and splenic accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, these animals developed inflammatory bowel disease. Profiling gut bacteria revealed a profound dysbiosis in the absence of tonic IFN signaling, which triggered expansion of TH17 cells and loss of splenic Treg cells. Reduction of bacterial load by antibiotic treatment averted the TH17 bias and blocking IL17 signaling prevented myeloid expansion and splenic stem cell accumulation. Thus, tonic IFNs regulate gut microbial ecology, which is crucial for maintaining physiologic immune homeostasis and preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doua Azzouz
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Ze Chen
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | | | - Azlann Arnett
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States
| | - Haiyan S Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Weiguo Liu
- NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | | | | | | | - Bernard Khor
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, United States
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Li Y, Chen Q, Ji W, Fan Y, Huang L, Chu C, Zhou W. TLR2 deficiency promotes IgE and inhibits IgG1 class-switching following ovalbumin sensitization. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:162. [PMID: 34315511 PMCID: PMC8314519 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the roles of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in Th2 cytokine production and immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching following ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. METHODS TLR2-/- and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection with OVA. Lung pathology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Abundance of interleukin (IL)4, IL5, IL13, and IL21 transcripts in the lungs was quantified by RT-PCR. OVA-specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgE and IgM were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry staining and nuclear factor (NF) κB activation was measured by immunofluorescence staining. STAT3 activation was inhibited using cryptotanshinone (CPT) treatment. Germline transcripts (Iμ-Cμ, Iγ-Cγ, Iα-Cα or Iε-Cε), post-recombination transcripts (Iμ-Cγ, Iμ-Cα or Iμ- Cε) and mature transcripts (VHDJH-Cγ, VHDJH-Cα or VHDJH-Cε) were analyzed from splenic B cells of OVA-sensitized wild-type mice (with or without CPT treatment) and TLR2-/- mice (with or without IL21 treatment). RESULTS The lungs of TLR2-/- mice showed a lesser degree of inflammation than wild-type mice after OVA sensitization. Following OVA sensitization, levels of IL4, IL13, and IL21, but not IL5, were significantly lower in TLR2-/- compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE titers were markedly lower and higher, respectively, in TLR2-/- mice. TLR2 deficiency inhibited STAT3 activation but not NF-κB p65 activation. CPT treatment reduced IgG1 titers via inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation. Both TLR2 knockout and CPT treatment reduced the frequencies of Iγ1-Cγ1, Iγ3-Cγ3 and Iα-Cα transcripts, but IL21 treatment compensated for the effects of TLR2 deficiency. CONCLUSION These results suggest a role of TLR2 in restricting OVA-sensitized lung inflammation via promotion of IgG1 and inhibition of IgE class switching regulated by IL21 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Li
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Wei Ji
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chu Chu
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifang Zhou
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
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Zhen C, Liu H, Gao L, Tong Y, He C. Signal transducer and transcriptional activation 1 protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21240. [PMID: 33377257 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000325rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducers and transcriptional activation 1 (Stat1) is a member of the STATs family, and its role in various biological responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and immune regulation has been extensively studied. We aimed to investigate its role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, which is currently poorly understood. Experiments using H9C2 cardiomyocytes, Stat1, and IfngR cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice revealed that Stat1 had a protective effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Using transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice, we analyzed the degree of hypertrophy using echocardiography, pathology, and at the molecular level. Mice lacking Stat1 had more pronounced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis than wild-type TAC mice. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms suggested that Stat1 downregulated the mRNA levels of hypertrophy and fibrosis markers to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy, and promotes mitochondrial fission through the Ucp2/P-Drp1 pathway, enhancing mitochondrial function, and increasing compensatory myocardial ATP production in the compensatory phase for cardiac hypertrophy inhibition. Overall, this comprehensive analysis revealed that Stat1 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by downregulating hypertrophic and fibrotic marker genes and enhancing the mitochondrial function to enhance cardiomyocyte function through the Ucp2/P-Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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De novo histidine biosynthesis protects Mycobacterium tuberculosis from host IFN-γ mediated histidine starvation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:410. [PMID: 33767335 PMCID: PMC7994828 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have evolved with strategies to uptake amino acids from host cells to fulfil their metabolic requirements. However, Mtb also possesses de novo biosynthesis pathways for all the amino acids. This raises a pertinent question- how does Mtb meet its histidine requirements within an in vivo infection setting? Here, we present a mechanism in which the host, by up-regulating its histidine catabolizing enzymes through interferon gamma (IFN-γ) mediated signalling, exerts an immune response directed at starving the bacillus of intracellular free histidine. However, the wild-type Mtb evades this host immune response by biosynthesizing histidine de novo, whereas a histidine auxotroph fails to multiply. Notably, in an IFN-γ-/- mouse model, the auxotroph exhibits a similar extent of virulence as that of the wild-type. The results augment the current understanding of host-Mtb interactions and highlight the essentiality of Mtb histidine biosynthesis for its pathogenesis.
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Faletti L, Ehl S, Heeg M. Germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations in primary immunodeficiency: Impact on the cellular and clinical phenotype. Biomed J 2021; 44:412-421. [PMID: 34366294 PMCID: PMC8514798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor involved in regulation of immune cell activation and differentiation. Recent discoveries highlight the role of germline activating STAT3 mutations in inborn errors of immunity characterized by early-onset multi-organ autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Much progress has been made in defining the clinical spectrum of STAT3 GOF disease and unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the disease and discuss the clinical phenotype, diagnostic approach, cellular and molecular effects of STAT3 GOF mutations and therapeutic concepts for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Ma X, Nakayamada S. Multi-Source Pathways of T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:621105. [PMID: 33717120 PMCID: PMC7947315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells participate in humoral immune by promoting inflammation and aiding B cells survival, proliferation, maturation, and generation autoantibodies. The plasticity of Tfh cells enables the immune system to adjust the direction of differentiation according to the degree of the immune response, regulate the germinal center (GC) response and maintain homeostasis. Tfh differentiation involves several signaling factors, including multiple cytokines, receptors, transcription factors and genes. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family signaling pathways are crucial for Tfh formation. However, because of the multi-factorial and multi-stage features of Tfh differentiation, every STAT member plays a role in Tfh differentiation, but is not completely depended on. With the gradual recognition of different Tfh subsets (Tfh1, Tfh2, Tfh17), the process of Tfh differentiation can no longer be explained by straight-line derivation models. In this review, we summarize the roles of different STATs in mediating Tfh subsets, analyze the contributions of mutual restraint and cooperation among cytokine-STAT signals to terminal Tfh differentiation, and clarify the multi-source pathways of Tfh differentiation with a three-dimensional illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Kaynarcalidan O, Oğuzoğlu TÇ. The oncogenic pathways of papillomaviruses. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:7-16. [PMID: 33084187 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are oncogenic DNA viruses and induce hyperplastic benign lesions of both cutaneous and mucosal tissues in their various hosts, including many domestic and wild animals as well as humans. There are some Papillomavirus genotypes that can infect hosts different from their own, such as BPV 1 and BPV 2 originated from cattle, which can also infect horses and are responsible for fibroblastic tumours in horses. This review article summarizes the origin and evolution of papillomaviruses as an etiological agent in the historical process. The main focus in this review is the evaluation of the interactions between high-risk papillomavirus oncoproteins and programmed cell-death pathways. It further exemplifies the role of these interactions in the malignant cell transformation process. In parallel with this, the use and importance of the bovine model system to enlighten the papillomavirus-associated cancers is discussed with an in-depth examination. Furthermore, it focuses on the epidemiological situation of BPV infections in Turkey in the cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Kaynarcalidan
- Institute for Virology Düsseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Poholek CH, Raphael I, Wu D, Revu S, Rittenhouse N, Uche UU, Majumder S, Kane LP, Poholek AC, McGeachy MJ. Noncanonical STAT3 activity sustains pathogenic Th17 proliferation and cytokine response to antigen. J Exp Med 2020; 217:151964. [PMID: 32697822 PMCID: PMC7537401 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT3 signaling pathway is required for early Th17 cell development, and therapies targeting this pathway are used for autoimmune disease. However, the role of STAT3 in maintaining inflammatory effector Th17 cell function has been unexplored. Th17ΔSTAT3 mice, which delete STAT3 in effector Th17 cells, were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. Th17 cell numbers declined after STAT3 deletion, corresponding to reduced cell cycle. Th17ΔSTAT3 cells had increased IL-6-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1, known to have antiproliferative functions. Th17ΔSTAT3 cells also had reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which can regulate intracellular Ca2+. Accordingly, Th17ΔSTAT3 cells had reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines when stimulated with myelin antigen but normal production of cytokines when TCR-induced Ca2+ flux was bypassed with ionomycin. Thus, early transcriptional roles of STAT3 in developing Th17 cells are later complimented by noncanonical STAT3 functions that sustain pathogenic Th17 cell proliferation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Poholek
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Itay Raphael
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Dongwen Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shankar Revu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Uzodinma U. Uche
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Lawrence P. Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA
| | | | - Mandy J. McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA,Correspondence to Mandy J. McGeachy:
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Yukawa M, Jagannathan S, Vallabh S, Kartashov AV, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Barski A. AP-1 activity induced by co-stimulation is required for chromatin opening during T cell activation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20182009. [PMID: 31653690 PMCID: PMC7037242 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of T cells is dependent on the organized and timely opening and closing of chromatin. Herein, we identify AP-1 as the transcription factor that directs most of this remodeling. Chromatin accessibility profiling showed quick opening of closed chromatin in naive T cells within 5 h of activation. These newly opened regions were strongly enriched for the AP-1 motif, and indeed, ChIP-seq demonstrated AP-1 binding at >70% of them. Broad inhibition of AP-1 activity prevented chromatin opening at AP-1 sites and reduced the expression of nearby genes. Similarly, induction of anergy in the absence of co-stimulation during activation was associated with reduced induction of AP-1 and a failure of proper chromatin remodeling. The translational relevance of these findings was highlighted by the substantial overlap of AP-1-dependent elements with risk loci for multiple immune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergic disease. Our findings define AP-1 as the key link between T cell activation and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yukawa
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sajjeev Jagannathan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sushmitha Vallabh
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Andrey V Kartashov
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals and characterized by excessive activation of effector immune cells and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. However, factors/mechanisms that amplify the ongoing mucosal inflammation in CD are not fully understood. In this study, we assessed whether mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR), a pathway that combines intra- and extra-cellular signals and acts as a central regulator for the metabolism, growth, and function of immune and non-immune cells, sustains CD-associated immune response. Our findings indicate that expression of phosphorylated (p)/active form of mTOR is increased in protein lysates of duodenal biopsy samples taken from patients with active CD (ACD) as compared to normal controls. In ACD, activation of mTOR occurs mainly in the epithelial compartment and associates with enhanced expression of p-4EBP, a downstream target of mTOR complex (mTORC)1, while expression of p-Rictor, a component of mTORC2, is not increased. Stimulation of mucosal explants of inactive CD patients with pepsin-trypsin-digested (PT)-gliadin or IFN-γ/IL-21, two cytokines produced in CD by gluten-specific T cells, increases p-4EBP expression. Consistently, blockade of such cytokines in cultures of ACD mucosal explants reduces p-4EBP. Finally, we show that inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin in ACD mucosal explants reduces p-4EBP and production of IL-15, a master cytokine produced by epithelial cells in this disorder. Our data suggest that ACD inflammation is marked by activation of mTORC1 in the epithelial compartment.
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Ha MK, Kwon SJ, Choi JS, Nguyen NT, Song J, Lee Y, Kim YE, Shin I, Nam JW, Yoon TH. Mass Cytometry and Single-Cell RNA-seq Profiling of the Heterogeneity in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Interacting with Silver Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907674. [PMID: 32163679 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and human immune cells is necessary for justifying their utilization in consumer products and biomedical applications. However, conventional assays may be insufficient in describing the complexity and heterogeneity of cell-NP interactions. Herein, mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) are complementarily used to investigate the heterogeneous interactions between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and primary immune cells. Mass cytometry reveals the heterogeneous biodistribution of the positively charged polyethylenimine-coated AgNPs in various cell types and finds that monocytes and B cells have higher association with the AgNPs than other populations. scRNA-seq data of these two cell types demonstrate that each type has distinct responses to AgNP treatment: NRF2-mediated oxidative stress is confined to B cells, whereas monocytes show Fcγ-mediated phagocytosis. Besides the between-population heterogeneity, analysis of single-cell dose-response relationships further reveals within-population diversity for the B cells and naïve CD4+ T cells. Distinct subsets having different levels of cellular responses with respect to their cellular AgNP doses are found. This study demonstrates that the complementary use of mass cytometry and scRNA-seq is helpful for gaining in-depth knowledge on the heterogeneous interactions between immune cells and NPs and can be incorporated into future toxicity assessments of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Kieu Ha
- Center for Next Generation Cytometry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Jin Kwon
- Center for Next Generation Cytometry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Choi
- Center for Next Generation Cytometry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Next Generation Cytometry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangsoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Center for Next Generation Cytometry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hussein H, Denanglaire S, Van Gool F, Azouz A, Ajouaou Y, El-Khatib H, Oldenhove G, Leo O, Andris F. Multiple Environmental Signaling Pathways Control the Differentiation of RORγt-Expressing Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3007. [PMID: 31998303 PMCID: PMC6961548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RORγt-expressing Tregs form a specialized subset of intestinal CD4+ Foxp3+ cells which is essential to maintain gut homeostasis and tolerance to commensal microbiota. Recently, c-Maf emerged as a critical factor in the regulation of RORγt expression in Tregs. However, aside from c-Maf signaling, the signaling pathways involved in the differentiation of RORγt+ Tregs and their possible interplay with c-Maf in this process are largely unknown. We show that RORγt+ Treg development is controled by positive as well as negative signals. Along with c-Maf signaling, signals derived from a complex microbiota, as well as IL-6/STAT3- and TGF-β-derived signals act in favor of RORγt+ Treg development. Ectopic expression of c-Maf did not rescue RORγt expression in STAT3-deficient Tregs, indicating the presence of additional effectors downstream of STAT3. Moreover, we show that an inflammatory IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathway acts as a negative regulator of RORγt+ Treg differentiation in a c-Maf independent fashion. These data thus argue for a complex integrative signaling network that finely tunes RORγt expression in Tregs. The finding that type 1 inflammation impedes RORγt+ Treg development even in the presence of an active IL-6/STAT3 pathway further suggests a dominant negative effect of STAT1 over STAT3 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Hussein
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Van Gool
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology (IMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Yousra Ajouaou
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hana El-Khatib
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Oldenhove
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Andris
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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