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Xu Z, Zheng H, Yang C, Liu Y, Chen J, Fan G, Peng J. Exposure of water purification deficit network in response to nitrogen application intensity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174400. [PMID: 38960204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystem services are strongly responsive to changes in land use intensity, especially for the service of water purification, which is highly sensitive to water pollutant emission. Increased nitrogen (N) application to cropland has potential impacts on the supply and demand for water purification through changes in land use intensity. However, there has been a lack of research focusing on the impacts of cropland N application on population exposure to water purification deficit and their cross-regional delivery network. Taking the Dongting Lake (DTL) Basin as an example, this study explored the spatial pattern of N exposure in the DTL Basin from 1990 to 2015 by integrating water purification deficit and population density. Changes in potential N exposure in 2050 were simulated based on population projection data from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-5). N delivery pathways in the DTL Basin were clarified by constructing the N delivery network. The results showed that N exposure increased significantly with increasing N application in DTL Basin. The DTL surrounding area and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River Basin had high increases of N exposure (50.2 % and 71.6 %) and high increases in N exposure due to increases in N application per unit (N influence coefficients exceeding 0.5). The lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River Basin with the highest population density had the smallest decrease in N exposure (1.4 %-11.1 %) in the SSP1-5 scenarios. During 1990-2015, the increase of N export to the DTL surrounding area was higher in the lower reach sub-basins of DTL Basin. N application had a stronger impact on N delivery processes in the lower reaches of DTL Basin. Managers should distribute N applications to basins with high N retention and low N export to the DTL surrounding area. This study confirmed the strong response of water purification deficit and its population exposure to N application, and provided decision-making guidelines for water quality enhancement in DTL Basin from a spatial planning perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huining Zheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chongyao Yang
- Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center (Land Science and Technology Innovation Center), Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiuzhang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gengjie Fan
- College of Art and Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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2
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Peng J, Liu X, Gu T, Fu B. Developing integrated geography to support the "Community" visions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:727-731. [PMID: 38233277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Peng
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xuebang Liu
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianwei Gu
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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3
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Man Y, Liu K, Xie T, Zhou F, Shi W, Liu Z, Wang Q, Cui B. A multilevel social-ecological network approach for reconciling coastal saltmarsh conservation and development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118647. [PMID: 37490840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In a large-scale region, governance for connectivity in an ecological system often conflicts with management boundaries, causing inefficiencies. Collaboration among management organizations in different areas can help overcome this problem. However, few studies quantified the collaborations' practical relationship with connectivity, considering that some potentially connected paths are easy to neglect by managers. In this paper, collaborations among government agencies in project application process were analyzed, and a multilevel social-ecological network analysis (SENA) approach was developed to identify the collaboration's effect on genetically connected coastal areas. The network framework and methods were shown in a case of coastal saltmarsh conservation and development in the Yellow River Delta, China. Collaboration patterns in conservation and development networks were analyzed and compared among local, subregional, and regional government agencies working in genetically connected coastal areas. Project information flow, reflecting communication frequency and decision-making chances among government agencies was quantified and correlated with ecological connectivity to inform governance effects. Results showed areas with the potential to realize social-ecological alignment, where collaborative networks were measured by network density (percentage of connected network edges). The current reveals that development has more significant potential than conservation at most levels to overcome the misalignment of the social-ecological system, also known as scale mismatch. Empirical evidence also showed a correlation between communication capacity in development networks and improved ecological conditions. The multilevel SENA advanced in this paper can be used for natural resource management when connectivity plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Man
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China
| | - Fangwen Zhou
- China Construction Eco-Environmental Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Zezheng Liu
- Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China.
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4
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Roni P, Steele J, Morinaga K, Towne A, Wilson I, Camp MJ. The Grande Ronde Model Watershed: Integrating Science into Restoration Implementation and Adaptive Management. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 72:221-245. [PMID: 37243740 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Watershed conservation groups throughout the Pacific Northwest coordinate and implement watershed and habitat restoration to recover Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. Many watershed organizations struggle with implementing an adaptive management process that integrates monitoring data and the latest science into their restoration programs. We describe the evolution and lessons learned from the Grande Ronde Model Watershed (GRMW), one of the longest running watershed organizations coordinating fish habitat restoration projects. Since 1992, the GRMW has initiated nearly 300 habitat restoration projects and their partners more than 600 projects. These projects have evolved from an opportunistic approach, focusing on small-scale riparian fencing and instream structures to a data driven, collaborative processes for identifying, ranking, and implementing large process-based floodplain projects using the latest science. The GRMW recently developed an adaptive management process to assess restoration goals and priorities, and a multi-scale monitoring program that leverages the extensive data collected by partners, and periodic collection of LiDAR to evaluate past, current, and future restoration projects. These recently developed components, which are based on the collective history of the GRMW, provide important lessons for other watershed restoration organizations. These include partnering with local organizations to collect monitoring data; use of a transparent multi-scale process for prioritizing restoration; development of a stepwise process for design and implementation of priority projects; a formal adaptive management process with a designated lead to use the latest science to modify goals, priorities, project selection, and design; and use of remotely sensed data to assist with multi-scale monitoring of project success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Roni
- Watershed Science Lab, Cramer Fish Sciences, 1125 12th Avenue NW, Issaquah, WA, 98027, USA.
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jesse Steele
- Grande Ronde Model Watershed, 1114 J Ave, La Grande, OR, 97850, USA.
| | - Kayla Morinaga
- Grande Ronde Model Watershed, 1114 J Ave, La Grande, OR, 97850, USA
| | - Alexandra Towne
- Grande Ronde Model Watershed, 1114 J Ave, La Grande, OR, 97850, USA
| | - Ian Wilson
- Grande Ronde Model Watershed, 1114 J Ave, La Grande, OR, 97850, USA
| | - Meghan J Camp
- Watershed Science Lab, Cramer Fish Sciences, 1125 12th Avenue NW, Issaquah, WA, 98027, USA
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Thomas AS, Romolini M. Expanding current definitions of environmental stewardship through organizational mission statement analysis. AMBIO 2023; 52:1137-1150. [PMID: 36870032 PMCID: PMC10160272 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, environmental stewardship has been emphasized as one solution to social-ecological sustainability concerns, especially at the local scale. The Stewardship Mapping and Assessment Project (STEW-MAP) is a national research program developed by the USDA Forest Service that has been implemented at numerous locations in the United States and internationally. This study compared the mission statements of environmental stewardship groups in the Los Angeles River Watershed to previously proposed definitions and frameworks of organizational environmental stewardship to see how well they were reflected. A thematic analysis of the mission statements was also carried out to identify locally important themes and priorities. Results show that, although often consistent, the mission statements do not always reflect existing concepts around environmental stewardship. Additionally, environmental stewardship is not always explicit in the mission statements of organizations that are known to conduct these activities. We suggest that non-traditional groups that engage in stewardship work (i.e., research institutions) as well as groups focused on social issues are overlooked actors in sustainable city goals. A more comprehensive definition of environmental stewardship may be needed to bridge the gap between research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa S. Thomas
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507 USA
| | - Michele Romolini
- Center for Urban Resilience, Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive, Research Annex 119, MS 8510, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA
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Liu Y, Fu B, Wu X, Wang S, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wen X. The community perception of human-water connections is indirectly influenced by the landscape context: A case study in the lower reaches of the Yellow river. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116644. [PMID: 36370611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans and water are closely connected in large river basins and form social-ecological systems (SESs). However, cross-scale effect in SESs make it difficult to identify the key forces driving human-water connections at the community scale when ignoring the landscape context. Focusing on the incongruous human-water relationships in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, we built local resident perception-based networks linking the agricultural subsystem, environmental subsystem, and cultural subsystem by distributing farmer household questionnaires and extracted 13 indicators from 7 kinds of network metrics to indicate human-water connections. We applied analysis of variance (ANOVA), random forest (RF) and multilevel linear model (MLM) methods to identify the driving forces of perception-based human-water connections among 20 factors at both the community and landscape scales. The results showed that the perception-based network indicators were mainly directly influenced by community-level driving factors, especially the accessibility of information, such as the frequency of going out, the frequency of accessing the Yellow River channel, and the information source for the national policy on the Yellow River. The influences of community-level driving factors on network indicators were affected by landscape-level driving factors, e.g., the nighttime light, population density, gross domestic product and proportion of artificial land, thus indicating indirect influences from the landscape context. These analyses and findings can enrich the methods by which social, ecological and hydrological elements are structurally linked in sociohydrologic research and highlight the cross-scale effect of the landscape context on human-water systems at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.
| | - Xutong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Wen
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, 253023, Dezhou, China
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7
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Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Land Use Change in the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159547. [PMID: 35954899 PMCID: PMC9368170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Basin in Shaanxi (YRBS) has a relatively fragile ecological environment, with severe soil erosion and a high incidence of natural and geological disasters. In this study, a river basin landscape ecological risk assessment model was constructed using landscape ecology principles to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution, as well as the spatial autocorrelation characteristics of landscape ecological risks in the YRBS over a 20-year period. The main findings from the YRBS were that the land use types changed significantly over the span of 20 years, there was spatial heterogeneity of the landscape pattern, and the ecological risk value was positively correlated. The threat of landscape ecological risks in YRBS is easing, but the pressure on the ecological environment is considerable. This study provides theoretical support administrative policies for future ecological risk assessment and protection, restoration measures, and control in the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi Province.
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8
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Analysis on the Evolution and Resilience of Ecological Network Structure in Wuhan Metropolitan Area. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the accelerated urbanization and frequent occurrence of climate extremes, the regional ecosystem service level has ushered in a great challenge, and the resilience of the ecological network has gradually weakened, leading to lower ecological benefits and production levels. As a core ecologically sensitive area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Wuhan metropolitan area has been expanding outward with rapid urbanization, crowding out surrounding arable and ecological land, and facing serious challenges to the sustainable development of the national space, while current cross-regional ecological protection measures need to be strengthened urgently, and exploring the structural resilience of its ecological network is of great significance to promote regional stability. In this study, Wuhan metropolitan area is taken as an example, and we explore the evolution and laws of ecological network structure from the perspective of network analysis by constructing ecological networks in Wuhan metropolitan area in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Firstly, we select regions from the ecological control line developed in China as ecological source sites, and also select multivariate data to supplement them. Then, the ecological network was established using the MCR model. Finally, network analysis was applied to discuss the evolution of network structure under multiple times and propose corresponding conservation strategies. The results show that (1) the major ecological resistance of Wuhan urban area has increased by 5.24% in 20 years. (2) The centrality and connectivity of the network nodes have increased over the 20-year period, and the overall structure of the network has stabilized and the resilience of the network has increased. (3) There is a strong link between changes in the network as a whole and local resilience. The results of the study will help analyze the relationship between the network as a whole and the region, and provide reference for optimizing the ecological network and constructing the systematic management of ecological security pattern.
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Intermediary Organizations in Nature Conservation Initiatives: The Case of the EU-Funded LIFE Programme. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to identify intermediary organizations active in nature conservation initiatives by adopting a multi-level (ML) and network governance (NG) framework and using social network analysis (SNA). We identified 256 coordinating beneficiaries and 1090 associated beneficiaries connected through 8310 project relations and financed through the EU-funded LIFE Programme from 2014 to 2020. Our results evidence a central component of the network where organizations from Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom play a central role. In contrast, peripheral components return a framework of partnerships mainly constituted by actors of the same country (68%). Moreover, the characterization by type of actor confirms the widespread implementation of a multi-level governance approach in LIFE-Nature (NAT) projects, evidencing the significant presence of non-governmental organizations and foundations, mainly at a national level, in nature conservation initiatives. Our findings reveal that the intermediary capacity of key actors should be further reinforced, particularly toward the promotion of transnational cooperation and cross-sector alliances, by encouraging the involvement of stakeholders operating at the ground level (i.e., provincial and municipal levels).
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Barnes ML, Jasny L, Bauman A, Ben J, Berardo R, Bodin Ö, Cinner J, Feary DA, Guerrero AM, Januchowski‐Hartley FA, Kuange JT, Lau JD, Wang P, Zamborain‐Mason J. ‘Bunkering down’: How one community is tightening social‐ecological network structures in the face of global change. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Barnes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Lorien Jasny
- Department of Politics University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Andrew Bauman
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale Florida USA
| | - Jon Ben
- Lae Morobe Province Papua New Guinea
| | - Ramiro Berardo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joshua Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | | | - Angela M. Guerrero
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - John T. Kuange
- The Wildlife Conservation Society Goroka Eastern Higlands Province Papua New Guinea
| | - Jacqueline D. Lau
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- WorldFish Batu Maung Penang Malaysia
| | - Peng Wang
- Centre for Transformative Innovation Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica Zamborain‐Mason
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- Department of Nutrition Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA
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11
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Sayles JS, Furey RP, ten Brink MR. How deep to dig: effects of web-scraping search depth on hyperlink network analysis of environmental stewardship organizations. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE 2022; 7:1-16. [PMID: 38989134 PMCID: PMC11235192 DOI: 10.1007/s41109-022-00472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Social network analysis (SNA) tools and concepts are essential for addressing many environmental management and sustainability issues. One method to gather SNA data is to scrape them from environmental organizations' websites. Web-based research can provide important opportunities to understand environmental governance and policy networks while potentially reducing costs and time when compared to traditional survey and interview methods. A key parameter is 'search depth,' i.e., how many connected pages within a website to search for information. Existing research uses a variety of depths and no best practices exist, undermining research quality and case study comparability. We therefore analyze how search depth affects SNA data collection among environmental organizations, if results vary when organizations have different objectives, and how search depth affects social network structure. We find that scraping to a depth of three captures the majority of relevant network data regardless of an organization's focus. Stakeholder identification (i.e., who is in the network) may require less scraping, but this might under-represent network structure (i.e., who is connected). We also discuss how scraping web-pages of local programs of larger organizations may lead to uncertain results and how our work can combine with mixed methods approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S. Sayles
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow Appointed with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Management and Modelling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Ryan P. Furey
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Contracted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Management and Modelling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Marilyn R. ten Brink
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Management and Modelling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
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Windsor FM, Armenteras D, Assis APA, Astegiano J, Santana PC, Cagnolo L, Carvalheiro LG, Emary C, Fort H, Gonzalez XI, Kitson JJ, Lacerda AC, Lois M, Márquez-Velásquez V, Miller KE, Monasterolo M, Omacini M, Maia KP, Palacios TP, Pocock MJ, Poggio SL, Varassin IG, Vázquez DP, Tavella J, Rother DC, Devoto M, Guimarães PR, Evans DM. Network science: Applications for sustainable agroecosystems and food security. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Keeley ATH, Fremier AK, Goertler PAL, Huber PR, Sturrock AM, Bashevkin SM, Barbaree BA, Grenier JL, Dilts TE, Gogol-Prokurat M, Colombano DD, Bush EE, Laws A, Gallo JA, Kondolf M, Stahl AT. Governing Ecological Connectivity in Cross-Scale Dependent Systems. Bioscience 2022; 72:372-386. [PMID: 35370478 PMCID: PMC8970826 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem management and governance of cross-scale dependent systems require integrating knowledge about ecological connectivity in its multiple forms and scales. Although scientists, managers, and policymakers are increasingly recognizing the importance of connectivity, governmental organizations may not be currently equipped to manage ecosystems with strong cross-boundary dependencies. Managing the different aspects of connectivity requires building social connectivity to increase the flow of information, as well as the capacity to coordinate planning, funding, and actions among both formal and informal governance bodies. We use estuaries in particular the San Francisco Estuary, in California, in the United States, as examples of cross-scale dependent systems affected by many intertwined aspects of connectivity. We describe the different types of estuarine connectivity observed in both natural and human-affected states and discuss the human dimensions of restoring beneficial physical and ecological processes. Finally, we provide recommendations for policy, practice, and research on how to restore functional connectivity to estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascale A L Goertler
- Delta Stewardship Council, Delta Science Program, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Patrick R Huber
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | | | | | - Blake A Barbaree
- Point Blue Conservation Science, based Petaluma, California, United States
| | - J Letitia Grenier
- San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California, United States
| | | | - Melanie Gogol-Prokurat
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife's Biogeographic Data Branch in Sacramento, California, United States
| | | | - Eva E Bush
- Delta Stewardship Council Delta Science Program, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Angela Laws
- The Xerces Society, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - John A Gallo
- Conservation Biology Institute, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Mathias Kondolf
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Amanda T Stahl
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States
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14
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Merkle C, DuBois B, Sayles JS, Carlson L, Spalding HC, Myers B, Kaipa S. Self-Reported Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stewardship Organizations and Their Activities in Southeast New England, USA. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE CITIES 2022; 3:1-9. [PMID: 36569177 PMCID: PMC9770051 DOI: 10.3389/frsc.2021.772880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In many communities, regions, or landscapes, there are numerous environmental groups working across different sectors and creating stewardship networks that shape the environment and the benefits people derive from it. The make-up of these networks can vary, but generally include organizations of different sizes and capacities. As the Covid-19 pandemic (2020 to the present) shuts down businesses and nonprofits, catalyzes new initiatives, and generally alters the day-to-day professional and personal lives, it is logical to assume that these stewardship networks and their environmental work are impacted; exactly how, is unknown. In this study, we analyze the self-reported effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on stewardship groups working in southeast New England, USA. Stewardship organizations were surveyed from November 2020 to April 2021 and asked, among other questions, "How is Covid-19 affecting your organization?" We analyzed responses using several qualitative coding approaches. Our analysis revealed group-level impacts including changes in group capacity, challenges in managing access to public green spaces, and altered forms of volunteer engagement. These results provide insights into the varied effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and government responses such as stay-at-home orders and social distancing policies on stewardship that can inform the development of programs to reduce negative outcomes and enhance emerging capacities and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Merkle
- Liberal Arts Division, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Bryce DuBois
- Liberal Arts Division, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jesse S. Sayles
- ORISE Fellowship Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI, United States
| | - Lynn Carlson
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - H. Curt Spalding
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ben Myers
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shreya Kaipa
- Liberal Arts Division, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, United States
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15
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Febria C, Donaldson C, Ives J, Keeshig K. Pluralistic approaches in research aim to advance farming and freshwater restoration in the Great Lakes basin. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Felipe-Lucia MR, Guerrero AM, Alexander SM, Ashander J, Baggio JA, Barnes ML, Bodin Ö, Bonn A, Fortin MJ, Friedman RS, Gephart JA, Helmstedt KJ, Keyes AA, Kroetz K, Massol F, Pocock MJO, Sayles J, Thompson RM, Wood SA, Dee LE. Conceptualizing ecosystem services using social-ecological networks. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 37:211-222. [PMID: 34969536 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Social-ecological networks (SENs) represent the complex relationships between ecological and social systems and are a useful tool for analyzing and managing ecosystem services. However, mainstreaming the application of SENs in ecosystem service research has been hindered by a lack of clarity about how to match research questions to ecosystem service conceptualizations in SEN (i.e., as nodes, links, attributes, or emergent properties). Building from different disciplines, we propose a typology to represent ecosystem service in SENs and identify opportunities and challenges of using SENs in ecosystem service research. Our typology provides guidance for this growing field to improve research design and increase the breadth of questions that can be addressed with SEN to understand human-nature interdependencies in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R Felipe-Lucia
- Department Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Angela M Guerrero
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Steven M Alexander
- Environmental Change and Governance Group, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jaime Ashander
- Resources for the Future, 1616 P St. NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Jacopo A Baggio
- School of Politics, Security and International Affairs, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, 4297 Andromeda Loop N, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Michele L Barnes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Kräftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aletta Bonn
- Department Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Rachel S Friedman
- Institute for Climate, Energy and Disaster Solutions, Australian National University College of Science, Building 141, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Kate J Helmstedt
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aislyn A Keyes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Ramaley Biology, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Kailin Kroetz
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University and Resources for the Future, PO Box 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502, USA
| | - François Massol
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Jesse Sayles
- ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow Appointed with the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, 27 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Ross M Thompson
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Spencer A Wood
- College of the Environment, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laura E Dee
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University and Resources for the Future, PO Box 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502, USA
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17
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Voutsa V, Battaglia D, Bracken LJ, Brovelli A, Costescu J, Díaz Muñoz M, Fath BD, Funk A, Guirro M, Hein T, Kerschner C, Kimmich C, Lima V, Messé A, Parsons AJ, Perez J, Pöppl R, Prell C, Recinos S, Shi Y, Tiwari S, Turnbull L, Wainwright J, Waxenecker H, Hütt MT. Two classes of functional connectivity in dynamical processes in networks. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210486. [PMID: 34665977 PMCID: PMC8526174 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between network structure and dynamics is one of the most extensively investigated problems in the theory of complex systems of recent years. Understanding this relationship is of relevance to a range of disciplines-from neuroscience to geomorphology. A major strategy of investigating this relationship is the quantitative comparison of a representation of network architecture (structural connectivity, SC) with a (network) representation of the dynamics (functional connectivity, FC). Here, we show that one can distinguish two classes of functional connectivity-one based on simultaneous activity (co-activity) of nodes, the other based on sequential activity of nodes. We delineate these two classes in different categories of dynamical processes-excitations, regular and chaotic oscillators-and provide examples for SC/FC correlations of both classes in each of these models. We expand the theoretical view of the SC/FC relationships, with conceptual instances of the SC and the two classes of FC for various application scenarios in geomorphology, ecology, systems biology, neuroscience and socio-ecological systems. Seeing the organisation of dynamical processes in a network either as governed by co-activity or by sequential activity allows us to bring some order in the myriad of observations relating structure and function of complex networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Voutsa
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Demian Battaglia
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (UMR 1106), Marseille, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), Strasbourg 67083, France
| | | | - Andrea Brovelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Julia Costescu
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mario Díaz Muñoz
- Department of Sustainability, Governance and Methods, Modul University Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian D. Fath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, USA
- Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg 2361, Austria
- Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Funk
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Mel Guirro
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Christian Kerschner
- Department of Sustainability, Governance and Methods, Modul University Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Kimmich
- Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Regional Science and Environmental Research, Institute for Advanced Studies, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vinicius Lima
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (UMR 1106), Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR 7289), Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Messé
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Germany
| | | | - John Perez
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ronald Pöppl
- Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna, Universitätsstr. 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Prell
- Department of Cultural Geography, University of Groningen, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Recinos
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yanhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shubham Tiwari
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Laura Turnbull
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - John Wainwright
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Harald Waxenecker
- Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marc-Thorsten Hütt
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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18
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Guerrero AM, Sporne I, McKenna R, Wilson KA. Evaluating institutional fit for the conservation of threatened species. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1437-1450. [PMID: 33543510 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recovery and conservation of threatened species require adequate institutional responses. We tested an approach to systematically identify and measure how an institutional framework acknowledges threats and required responses for the recovery of endangered species. We measured institutional functional fit with a drivers-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) model integrated with a quantitative text mining method and qualitative analysis of statutory instruments to examine regulatory responses that support the recovery of 2 endangered species native to Australia, the bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata) and the Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus). The key components of the DPSIR model were present in the institutional framework at statutory and operational levels, but some institutional gaps remained in the protection and recovery of the Eastern Bristlebird, including feral predator control, weed control, and grazing management in some locations. However, regulatory frameworks varied in their geographic scope and the application and implementation of many instruments remained optional. Quantitative text mining can be used to quickly navigate a large volume of regulatory documents, but challenges remain in selection of terms, queries of co-occurrence, and interpretation of word frequency counts. To inform policy, we recommend that quantitative assessments of institutional fit be complemented with qualitative analysis and interpreted in light of the sociopolitical and institutional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guerrero
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - I Sporne
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R McKenna
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - K A Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Spatial Scale Mismatches in the EU Agri-Biodiversity Conservation Policy. The Case for a Shift to Landscape-Scale Design. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10080846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture is a major driver of the ongoing biodiversity decline, demanding an urgent transition towards a system that reconciles productivity and profitability with nature conservation; however, where public policies promoting such transitions are in place, their design often poorly fits the relevant biogeophysical systems, decreasing the policies’ expected effectiveness. Spatial scale mismatches are a primary example in this regard. The literature reviewed in this paper, drawing from both ecology and policy studies, suggests to foster policy implementation at the landscape scale, where most functional ecological processes—and the delivery of related ecosystem services—occur on farmland. Two strategies are identified for coordinating policy implementation at the landscape scale: the promotion of farmers’ collective action and the partition of space on an ecologically sound basis through spatial planning. As the new European Union Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post-2023 is currently being defined, we assess if and how the draft agri-biodiversity legislation includes any of the strategies above. We find no comprehensive uptake of the landscape-scale perspective at the EU level, thereby suggesting that a powerful tool to overcome the CAP underperformance on biodiversity is being overlooked.
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20
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Koontz TM. Science and scale mismatch: Horizontal and vertical information sharing in the Puget Sound polycentric governance system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112600. [PMID: 33965689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental governance in complex social-ecological systems involves multiple actors and institutions that interact across scales. Where hierarchical authority to command is lacking, actors may rely on resource sharing to steer actions across the landscape and reduce scale mismatch. An important resource for such cross-scale steering is scientific information. This study examines how actors in local collaborative organizations share and use scientific information across multiple parts of a polycentric governance system. Interviews from efforts in the Puget Sound, USA, to incorporate scientific information across scales reveal patterns in horizontal and vertical information sharing, the role of knowledge brokers, and scale mismatches in spatial scale and theory vs applied research. Results indicate collaborative group members frequently access scientific findings horizontally through their networks of contacts and conference attendance, as well as through document searches for journal articles and government reports. Vertical transmission relies more on knowledge brokers and guidance documents. The use of scientific findings by local collaborative organizations depends on the biophysical and political context, and there is often tension between scientific rigor and local applicability.
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21
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Bassett HR, Lau J, Giordano C, Suri SK, Advani S, Sharan S. Preliminary lessons from COVID-19 disruptions of small-scale fishery supply chains. WORLD DEVELOPMENT 2021; 143:105473. [PMID: 36567900 PMCID: PMC9758721 DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures have disrupted global systems that support the health, food and nutrition security, and livelihoods of billions of people. These disruptions have likewise affected the small-scale fishery (SSF) sector, disrupting SSF supply chains and exposing weaknesses in the global seafood distribution system. To inform future development of adaptive capacity and resilience in the sector, it is important to understand how supply chain actors are responding in the face of a macroeconomic shock. Comparing across seven SSF case studies in four countries, we explore how actors are responding to COVID-19 disruptions, identify constraints to adaptive responses, and describe patterns of disruption and response across cases. In all cases examined, actors shifted focus to local and regional distribution channels and particularly drew on flexibility, organization, and learning to re-purpose pre-existing networks and use technology to their advantage. Key constraints to reaching domestic consumers included domestic restrictions on movement and labor, reduced spending power amongst domestic consumers, and lack of existing distribution channels. In addition, the lack of recognition of SSFs as essential food-producers and inequities in access to technology hampered efforts to continue local seafood supply. We suggest that the initial impacts from COVID-19 highlight the risks in of over-reliance on global trade networks. The SSFs that were able to change strategies most successfully had local organizations and connections in place that they leveraged in innovative ways. As such, supporting local and domestic networks and flexible organizations within the supply chain may help build resilience in the face of future macroeconomic shocks. Importantly, bolstering financial wellbeing and security within the domestic market both before and during such large-scale disruptions is crucial for supporting ongoing supply chain operations and continued food provision during macroeconomic crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Bassett
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lau
- ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- WorldFish, Batu Maung, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharon K Suri
- Department of Anthropology and Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sahir Advani
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Dakshin Foundation, Bengaluru, India
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22
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Firkowski CR, Schwantes AM, Fortin MJ, Gonzalez A. Monitoring social–ecological networks for biodiversity and ecosystem services in human-dominated landscapes. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand the human population is placing on the environment has triggered accelerated rates of biodiversity change and created trade-offs among the ecosystem services we depend upon. Decisions designed to reverse these trends require the best possible information obtained by monitoring ecological and social dimensions of change. Here, we conceptualize a network framework to monitor change in social–ecological systems. We contextualize our framework within Ostrom’s social–ecological system framework and use it to discuss the challenges of monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem services across spatial and temporal scales. We propose that spatially explicit multilayer and multiscale monitoring can help estimate the range of variability seen in social–ecological systems with varying levels of human modification across the landscape. We illustrate our framework using a conceptual case study on the ecosystem service of maple syrup production. We argue for the use of analytical tools capable of integrating qualitative and quantitative knowledge of social–ecological systems to provide a causal understanding of change across a network. Altogether, our conceptual framework provides a foundation for establishing monitoring systems. Operationalizing our framework will allow for the detection of ecosystem service change and assessment of its drivers across several scales, informing the long-term sustainability of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Rauen Firkowski
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Amanda M. Schwantes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
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23
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Metzger JP, Fidelman P, Sattler C, Schröter B, Maron M, Eigenbrod F, Fortin M, Hohlenwerger C, Rhodes JR. Connecting governance interventions to ecosystem services provision: A social‐ecological network approach. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Metzger
- Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pedro Fidelman
- Centre for Policy Futures The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Claudia Sattler
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)Working Group: Governance of Ecosystem Services Müncheberg Germany
| | - Barbara Schröter
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)Working Group: Governance of Ecosystem Services Müncheberg Germany
| | - Martine Maron
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Felix Eigenbrod
- School of Geography and Environmental Science University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Camila Hohlenwerger
- Department of Ecology Institute of Biosciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jonathan R. Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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24
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Kluger LC, Gorris P, Kochalski S, Mueller MS, Romagnoni G. Studying human–nature relationships through a network lens: A systematic review. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lotta C. Kluger
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) Bremen Germany
- University of Bremenartec Sustainability Research Center Bremen Germany
| | - Philipp Gorris
- Institute of Environmental Systems Research (IUSF) Osnabrueck University Osnabrueck Germany
| | - Sophia Kochalski
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Miriam S. Mueller
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUnidad Académica Mazatlán Mazatlan Mexico
- German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Isle of Vilm Putbus Germany
| | - Giovanni Romagnoni
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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25
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Stahl AT, Fremier AK, Cosens BA. Mapping legal authority for terrestrial conservation corridors along streams. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:943-955. [PMID: 32056252 PMCID: PMC7497071 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife corridors aim to promote species' persistence by connecting habitat patches across fragmented landscapes. Their implementation is limited by patterns of land ownership and complicated by differences in the jurisdictional and regulatory authorities under which lands are managed. Terrestrial corridor conservation requires coordination across jurisdictions and sectors subject to site-specific overlapping sources of legal authority. Mapping spatial patterns of legal authority concurrent with habitat condition can illustrate opportunities to build or leverage capacity for connectivity conservation. Streamside areas provide pragmatic opportunities to leverage existing policy mechanisms for riverine and terrestrial habitat connectivity across boundaries. Conservation planners and practitioners can make use of these opportunities by harmonizing actions for multiple conservation outcomes. We formulated an integrative, data-driven method for mapping multiple sources of legal authority weighted by capacity for coordinating terrestrial habitat conservation along streams. We generated a map of capacity to coordinate streamside corridor protections across a wildlife habitat gap to demonstrate this approach. We combined values representing coordination capacity and naturalness to generate an integrated legal-ecological resistance map for connectivity modeling. We then computed least-cost corridors across the integrated map, masking the terrestrial landscape to focus on streamside areas. Streamside least-cost corridors in the integrated, local-scale model diverged (∼25 km) from national-scale least-cost corridors based on naturalness. Spatial categories comparing legal- and naturalness-based resistance values by stream reach highlighted potential locations for building or leveraging existing capacity through spatial coordination of policy mechanisms or restoration actions. Agencies or nongovernmental organizations intending to restore or maintain habitat connectivity across fragmented landscapes can use this approach to inform spatial prioritization and build coordination capacity. Article impact statement: Combined mapping of legal authority and habitat condition reveals capacity to coordinate actions along streams for clean water and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Stahl
- School of the EnvironmentWashington State UniversityP.O. Box 642812PullmanWA99164‐2812U.S.A.
| | - Alexander K. Fremier
- School of the EnvironmentWashington State UniversityP.O. Box 642812PullmanWA99164‐2812U.S.A.
| | - Barbara A. Cosens
- College of LawUniversity of Idaho875 Perimeter Dr. MS 2321MoscowID83844‐2321U.S.A.
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26
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Pisani E, Andriollo E, Masiero M, Secco L. Intermediary organisations in collaborative environmental governance: evidence of the EU-funded LIFE sub-programme for the environment (LIFE-ENV). Heliyon 2020; 6:e04251. [PMID: 32715114 PMCID: PMC7371759 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of the collaborative environmental governance and specifically of network concepts, this study makes an exploratory analysis of the EU-funded LIFE sub-programme for the Environment (LIFE-ENV) and its priority area Environment and Resource Efficiency focused on the role of networks and in particular of intermediary organizations by using Social Network Analysis (SNA). More specifically, by investigating the evolving pattern of key statistics (density, clustering coefficient, betweenness and degree centrality) related to bipartite (organisations and projects) and dynamic (eleven years) networks, we identified 3003 organisations and 1006 projects and studied how they operate by forming new relations and reorganising existing connections. Results evidence that the LIFE-ENV attests a structural coherence and a stable structure over time and it is characterised by four different structures of network components, namely isolated coordinating beneficiary, isolated components, small components and giant components. Moreover, the LIFE-ENV is not a cohesive network, due to low values of both density and clustering coefficient. Based on betweenness centrality and degree centrality measures, the LIFE-ENV sub-programme has facilitated the emergence of 4855 intermediary organisations, which equals 29.5% of the total number of coordinating and associate beneficiaries involved in the programme in the eleven years considered. Transnational cooperation in the LIFE-ENV sub-programme is characterised by a different intensity of relations: some countries (i.e. Italy, Spain and Belgium) implement transnational cooperation with multiple European countries in both the North and South of Europe, while others tend to cluster with countries in the same geographical area, and lastly East European countries have limited participation in transnational cooperation. Our analysis supports the hypothesis of a declining collective action in the LIFE-ENV sub-programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pisani
- Dip. Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali of the Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Andriollo
- Dip. Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali of the Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Masiero
- Dip. Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali of the Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Secco
- Dip. Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali of the Università degli Studi di Padova, Italy
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Vargas‐Nguyen V, Kelsey RH, Jordahl H, Nuttle W, Somerville C, Thomas J, Dennison WC. Using Socioenvironmental Report Cards as a Tool for Transdisciplinary Collaboration. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:494-507. [PMID: 31944537 PMCID: PMC7317921 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of developing a socioenvironmental report card through transdisciplinary collaboration can be used in any system and can provide the foundation for collaborative solutions for sustainable resource management by creating a holistic assessment that balances environmental, economic, and social concerns that incorporates multiple perspectives from multisectoral actors. We demonstrated this in the Mississippi River watershed, USA with the ultimate goal of promoting holistic management of the region's natural resources. But working at the scale of the Mississippi River watershed presents the challenge of working across geographical, organizational, and disciplinary boundaries. The development of a socioenvironmental report card served as the focus for efforts to foster a shared vision among diverse stakeholders in the watershed and to promote transdisciplinary collaboration. The process engaged more than 700 participants from environment, flood control, transportation, water supply, economy, and recreation sectors, from more than 400 organizations representing local, state, and federal government agencies, businesses and trade associations, and private, nonprofit, and academic institutions. This broad engagement in the selection of important themes, indicators, measures, and assessment methods as part of the cocreation of boundary objects aimed to foster social and mutual learning and to develop common understanding and shared visioning among stakeholders with differing perspectives. The process was facilitated by boundary-spanning organizations, creating an atmosphere of trust by utilizing "third places" for knowledge exchange and integration. This transdisciplinary process also led to collective action through collaboration and selection of restoration and management activities that could improve conditions for multiple sectors simultaneously and/or recognize potential tradeoffs for informed decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:494-507. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Heath Kelsey
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMarylandUSA
| | - Harald Jordahl
- America's Watershed InitiativeMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Midwestern ConservationAmerican Forest FoundationWashingtonDCUSA
| | - William Nuttle
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMarylandUSA
| | | | - Jane Thomas
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMarylandUSA
- College of Engineering, IT & EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - William C Dennison
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMarylandUSA
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Guerrero AM, Barnes M, Bodin Ö, Chadès I, Davis KJ, Iftekhar MS, Morgans C, Wilson KA. Key considerations and challenges in the application of social-network research for environmental decision making. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:733-742. [PMID: 31943349 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to better understand the social context in which conservation and environmental decisions are made has led to increased interest in human social networks. To improve the use of social-network analysis in conservation, we reviewed recent studies in the literature in which such methods were applied. In our review, we looked for problems in research design and analysis that limit the utility of network analysis. Nineteen of 55 articles published from January 2016 to June 2019 exhibited at least 1 of the following problems: application of analytical methods inadequate or sensitive to incomplete network data; application of statistical approaches that ignore dependency in the network; or lack of connection between the theoretical base, research question, and choice of analytical techniques. By drawing attention to these specific areas of concern and highlighting research frontiers and challenges, including causality, network dynamics, and new approaches, we responded to calls for increasing the rigorous application of social science in conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guerrero
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Barnes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, 4811, QLD, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ö Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Chadès
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- CSIRO, Ecosciences Precinct, 4102, QLD, Dutton Park, Australia
| | - K J Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute, University of Exeter Business School, EX4 4PU, Exeter, Xfi Building, Rennes Drive, U.K
| | - M S Iftekhar
- Centre for Environmental Economics & Policy, UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, M087, The University of Western Australia, 6009, WA, Perth, Australia
| | - C Morgans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K A Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 4072, QLD, Brisbane, Australia
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Blanco J, Bellón B, Fabricius C, de O Roque F, Pays O, Laurent F, Fritz H, Renaud PC. Interface processes between protected and unprotected areas: A global review and ways forward. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1138-1154. [PMID: 31597213 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Land-use changes and the expansion of protected areas (PAs) have amplified the interaction between protected and unprotected areas worldwide. In this context, 'interface processes' (human-nature and cross-boundary interactions inside and around PAs) have become central to issues around the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. This scientific literature review aimed to explore current knowledge and research gaps on interface processes regarding terrestrial PAs. At first, 3,515 references related to the topic were extracted through a standardized search on the Web of Science and analyzed with scientometric techniques. Next, a full-text analysis was conducted on a sample of 240 research papers. A keyword analysis revealed a wide diversity of research topics, from 'pure' ecology to sociopolitical research. We found a bias in the geographical distribution of research, with half the papers focusing on eight countries. Additionally, we found that the spatial extent of cross-boundary interactions was rarely assessed, preventing any clear delimitation of PA interactive zones. In the 240 research papers we scanned, we identified 403 processes that were studied. The ecological effects of PAs were well documented and appeared to be positive overall. In contrast, the effects of PAs on local communities were understudied and, according to the literature focusing on these, were very variable according to local contexts. Our findings highlight key research advances on interface processes, especially regarding the ecological outcomes of PAs, the influence of human activities on biodiversity, and PA governance issues. In contrast, main knowledge gaps concern the spatial extent of interactive zones, as well as the interactions between local people and conservation actions and how to promote synergies between them. While the review was limited to terrestrial PAs, its findings allow us to propose research priorities for tackling environmental and socioeconomic challenges in the face of a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Blanco
- UMR CNRS 6554 LETG-Angers, UFR Sciences, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Beatriz Bellón
- UMR CNRS 6554 LETG-Angers, UFR Sciences, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Christo Fabricius
- World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Fabio de O Roque
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Olivier Pays
- UMR CNRS 6554 LETG-Angers, UFR Sciences, University of Angers, Angers, France
- LTSER France, CNRS, Hwange National Park, Dete, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Hervé Fritz
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- LTSER France, CNRS, Hwange National Park, Dete, Zimbabwe
- UCBL, UMR CNRS 5558, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre-Cyril Renaud
- UMR CNRS 6554 LETG-Angers, UFR Sciences, University of Angers, Angers, France
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Enqvist JP, Tengö M, Bodin Ö. Are bottom-up approaches good for promoting social-ecological fit in urban landscapes? AMBIO 2020; 49:49-61. [PMID: 30879271 PMCID: PMC6888795 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up approaches are often presented as a remedy to environmental governance problems caused by poorly aligned social institutions and fragmented ecosystems. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence demonstrating how such social-ecological fit might emerge and help achieve desirable outcomes. This paper combines quantitative social-ecological network analysis with interviews to investigate whether bottom-up approaches in lake governance improve the fit. We study groups of residents seeking to improve management of a network of lakes in Bengaluru, India. Results show that 23 'lake groups' collaborate in a way that aligns with how lakes are hydrologically connected, thus strengthening the social-ecological fit. Three groups founded around 2010 have mobilized support from municipal officers and introduced an ecosystem-based approach to lake management that recognizes their ecological functions and dependence on, the broader hydrological network. These groups have also changed how other lake groups operate: groups founded after 2010 are more collaborative and more prone to contribute to social-ecological fit compared to the older lake groups. This paper demonstrates the utility of a theoretically informed method for examining the impact of bottom-up approaches, which, we argue, is important for a more informed perspective on their relevance and potential contribution to urban environmental governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan P Enqvist
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, African Climate and Development Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
| | - Maria Tengö
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Angst M. Networks of Swiss Water Governance Issues. Studying Fit between Media Attention and Organizational Activity. SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES 2019; 32:1416-1432. [DOI: 10.1080/08941920.2018.1535102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Angst
- Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag Aquatic Research, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Ringsmuth AK, Lade SJ, Schlüter M. Cross-scale cooperation enables sustainable use of a common-pool resource. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191943. [PMID: 31640507 PMCID: PMC6834039 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In social-ecological systems (SESs), social and biophysical dynamics interact within and between the levels of organization at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Cross-scale interactions (CSIs) are interdependences between processes at different scales, generating behaviour unpredictable at single scales. Understanding CSIs is important for improving SES governance, but they remain understudied. Theoretical models are needed that capture essential features while being simple enough to yield insights into mechanisms. In a stylized model, we study CSIs in a two-level system of weakly interacting communities harvesting a common-pool resource. Community members adaptively conform to, or defect from, a norm of socially optimal harvesting, enforced through social sanctioning both within and between communities. We find that each subsystem's dynamics depend sensitively on the other despite interactions being much weaker between subsystems than within them. When interaction is purely biophysical, stably high cooperation in one community can cause cooperation in the other to collapse. However, even weak social interaction can prevent the collapse of cooperation and instead cause collapse of defection. We identify conditions under which subsystem-level cooperation produces desirable system-level outcomes. Our findings expand evidence that collaboration is important for sustainably managing shared resources, showing its importance even when resource sharing and social relationships are weak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. Lade
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Maja Schlüter
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang S, Fu B, Bodin Ö, Liu J, Zhang M, Li X. Alignment of social and ecological structures increased the ability of river management. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1318-1324. [PMID: 36659661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Large hydrologic basins involve multiple stakeholders, and coupled dynamic social and ecological processes. Managing such basins has long been a challenge. Balancing the demand for water from nature against that from humans is always difficult, particularly in arid watersheds. Here, we analyze potential institutional causes of ecological degradation and how it can be reversed by introducing new forms of governance. The framework and assumptions are illustrated using China's second-largest endorheic basin, where empirical evidence shows that the introduction of a new governing authority connecting midstream and downstream actors facilitated the establishment of a new governance regime that is better aligned with the biophysical scales of the watershed. A trans-regional water allocation project initiated by the new higher-level authority successfully rescued downstream oases and restored a dried terminal lake. These outcomes suggest that when social and ecological structures are better aligned our ability to manage the interplay between social and ecological processes increases. However, the lack of direct connection between the actors of the middle and lower reaches resulted in the paradox of an increase in water demand. We therefore suggest that measures to stimulate the emergence of horizontal social ties linking different critical groups of actors across the watershed could further the alignment of the institutional and biophysical structures-without these changes sustainable management of river basins and other common pool resources will remain problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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34
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Sayles JS, Mancilla Garcia M, Hamilton M, Alexander SM, Baggio JA, Fischer AP, Ingold K, Meredith GR, Pittman J. Social-ecological network analysis for sustainability sciences: a systematic review and innovative research agenda for the future. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS : ERL [WEB SITE] 2019; 14:1-18. [PMID: 35340667 PMCID: PMC8943837 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Social-ecological network (SEN) concepts and tools are increasingly used in human-environment and sustainability sciences. We take stock of this budding research area to further show the strength of SEN analysis for complex human-environment settings, identify future synergies between SEN and wider human-environment research, and provide guidance about when to use different kinds of SEN approaches and models. We characterize SEN research along a spectrum specifying the degree of explicit network representation of system components and dynamics. We then systematically review one end of this spectrum, what we term "fully articulated SEN" studies, which specifically model unique social and ecological units and relationships. Results show more focus on methodological advancement and applied ends. While there has been some development and testing of theories, this remains an area for future work and would help develop SENs as a unique field of research, not just a method. Authors have studied diverse systems, while mainly focused on the problem of social-ecological fit alongside a scattering of other topics. There is strong potential, however, to engage other issues central to human-environment studies. Analyzing the simultaneous effects of multiple social, environmental, and coupled processes, change over time, and linking network structures to outcomes are also areas for future advancement. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of (fully articulated) SEN research, a necessary step that can help scholars develop comparable cases and fill research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sayles
- ORISE Fellow Appointed with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - M Mancilla Garcia
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hamilton
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Alexander
- Environmental Change and Governance Group, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - J A Baggio
- Department of Political Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Sustainable Coastal Systems Cluster, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - A P Fischer
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Ingold
- Institute of Political Science and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag, Aquatic Research, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - G R Meredith
- Department of Environment and Society, Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - J Pittman
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Bodin Ö, Alexander S, Baggio J, Barnes M, Berardo R, Cumming G, Dee L, Fischer AP, Fischer M, Mancilla-Garcia M, Guerrero A, Hileman J, Ingold K, Matous P, Morrison T, Nohrstedt D, Pittman J, Robins G, Sayles J. Improving network approaches to the study of complex social-ecological interdependencies. NATURE SUSTAINABILITY 2019; 2:551-559. [PMID: 35342825 PMCID: PMC8943905 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective, sustainable environmental governance requires a better understanding of the causes and consequences of the complex patterns of interdependencies connecting people and ecosystems within and across scales. Network approaches for conceptualizing and analyzing these interdependencies offer one promising solution. Here, we present two advances we argue are needed to further this area of research: (i) a typology of causal assumptions explicating the causal aims of any given network-centric study of social-ecological interdependencies; (ii) unifying research design considerations that facilitate conceptualizing exactly what is interdependent, through what types of relationships, and in relation to what kinds of environmental problems. The latter builds on the appreciation that many environmental problems draw from a set of core challenges that re-occur across contexts. We demonstrate how these advances combine into a comparative heuristic that facilitates leveraging case-specific findings of social-ecological interdependencies to generalizable, yet context-sensitive, theories based on explicit assumptions of causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö. Bodin
- Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- corresponding author:
| | - S.M. Alexander
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - J. Baggio
- Department of Political Science and Sustainable Coastal Systems Cluster, National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32816, USA
| | - M.L. Barnes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - R. Berardo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G.S. Cumming
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - L. Dee
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - A. P. Fischer
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M. Fischer
- Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Mancilla-Garcia
- Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Guerrero
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - J. Hileman
- Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Ingold
- Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Matous
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2006 New South Wales, Australia
| | - T.H. Morrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - D. Nohrstedt
- Department of Government, and Center for Natural Hazards and Disaster Science (CNDS), Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Pittman
- School of Planning, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - G. Robins
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Business and Law, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. Sayles
- ORISE Fellow Appointed with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
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Friesen SK, Martone R, Rubidge E, Baggio JA, Ban NC. An approach to incorporating inferred connectivity of adult movement into marine protected area design with limited data. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 29:e01890. [PMID: 30929286 PMCID: PMC6850429 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools that can support the resilience of marine ecosystems. Many countries, including Canada, have committed to protecting at least 10% of their marine areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Target 11, which includes connectivity as a key aspect. Connectivity, the movement of individuals among habitats, can enhance population stability and resilience within and among MPAs. However, little is known about regional spatial patterns of marine ecological connectivity, particularly adult movement. We developed a method to assess and design MPA networks that maximize inferred connectivity within habitat types for adult movement when ecological data are limited. We used the Northern Shelf Bioregion in British Columbia, Canada, to explore two different approaches: (1) evaluating sites important for inferred regional connectivity (termed hotspots) and (2) assessing MPA network configurations based on their overlap with connectivity hotspots and interconnectedness between MPAs. To assess inferred connectivity via adult movement, we used two different threshold distances (15 and 50 km) to capture moderate home ranges, which are most appropriate to consider in MPA design. We applied graph theory to assess inferred connectivity within 16 habitat and depth categories (proxies for distinct ecological communities), and used novel multiplex network methodologies to perform an aggregated assessment of inferred connectivity. We evaluated inferred regional connectivity hotspots based on betweenness and eigenvector centrality metrics, finding that the existing MPA network overlapped a moderate proportion of these regional hotspots and identified key areas to be considered as candidate MPAs. Network density among existing MPAs was low within the individual habitat networks, as well as the multiplex. This work informs an ongoing MPA planning process, and approaches for incorporating connectivity into MPA design when data are limited, with lessons for other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Friesen
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 2Y2Canada
| | - Rebecca Martone
- Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Province of British ColumbiaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 9N1Canada
| | - Emily Rubidge
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans CanadaSidneyBritish ColumbiaV8L 4B2Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Jacopo A. Baggio
- Department of Political ScienceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida32816USA
- Sustainable Coastal Systems ClusterNational Center for Integrated Coastal ResearchUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFlorida32816USA
| | - Natalie C. Ban
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 2Y2Canada
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Social-ecological alignment and ecological conditions in coral reefs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2039. [PMID: 31053708 PMCID: PMC6499785 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex social-ecological interactions underpin many environmental problems. To help capture this complexity, we advance an interdisciplinary network modeling framework to identify important relationships between people and nature that can influence environmental conditions. Drawing on comprehensive social and ecological data from five coral reef fishing communities in Kenya; including interviews with 648 fishers, underwater visual census data of reef ecosystem condition, and time-series landings data; we show that positive ecological conditions are associated with ‘social-ecological network closure’ – i.e., fully linked and thus closed network structures between social actors and ecological resources. Our results suggest that when fishers facing common dilemmas form cooperative communication ties with direct resource competitors, they may achieve positive gains in reef fish biomass and functional richness. Our work provides key empirical insight to a growing body of research on social-ecological alignment, and helps to advance an integrative framework that can be applied empirically in different social-ecological contexts. The relationships between people can have important consequences for the systems they depend on. Here the authors show that when coral reef fishers face commons dilemmas, the formation of cooperative communication with competitors can lead to positive gains in reef fish biomass and functional richness.
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38
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Governance for Sustainability of Estuarine Areas—Assessing Alternative Models Using the Case of Ria de Aveiro, Portugal. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estuaries are one of the most productive and complex types of ecosystems supporting a wide range of economic activities. Departing from a set of governance problems and emergent goals, such as sustainability or climate change adaptation faced by an estuarine case study area, Ria de Aveiro, in Portugal, this article assesses the adequacy of alternative governance models under the existing water resources legal framework and traditional political culture. It shows that apart from the centrally-based compliance model, all other alternatives require high degrees of institutional reforms. Moreover, although the model based on a dedicated new agency, long preferred by many users of Ria de Aveiro, is the most understandable and focused, it does not assure the pursuance of adaptability or collaboration, which are considered essential for estuary governance. As it relies on collective action and multi-level and multi-agent contexts, estuarine governance may require a new institutional design. Where one begins a process of institutional change, however, is not a simple issue to address and demands a deeper analysis, particularly on the types of required institutional changes, as well as on their impacts on policy and decision-making outcomes over estuarine environments and associated socio-ecological networks.
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Ingeman KE, Samhouri JF, Stier AC. Ocean recoveries for tomorrow’s Earth: Hitting a moving target. Science 2019; 363:363/6425/eaav1004. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growing scientific awareness, strong regulations, and effective management have begun to fulfill the promise of recovery in the ocean. However, many efforts toward ocean recovery remain unsuccessful, in part because marine ecosystems and the human societies that depend upon them are constantly changing. Furthermore, recovery efforts are embedded in marine social-ecological systems where large-scale dynamics can inhibit recovery. We argue that the ways forward are to (i) rethink an inclusive definition of recovery that embraces a diversity of stakeholder perspectives about acceptable recovery goals and ecosystem outcomes; (ii) encourage research that enables anticipation of feasible recovery states and identifies pathways toward resilient ecosystems; and (iii) adopt policies that are sufficiently nimble to keep pace with rapid change and governance that works seamlessly from local to regional scales. Application of these principles can facilitate successful recoveries in a world where environmental conditions and social imperatives are constantly shifting.
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Abstract
Food flows underpin the complex food supply chains that are prevalent in our increasingly globalized world. Recently, much effort has been devoted to evaluating the resources (e.g. water, carbon, nutrients) embodied in food trade. Now, research is needed to understand the scientific principles of the food commodity flows that underpin these virtual resource transfers. How do food flows vary with spatial scale? To address this question, we present an empirical analysis of food commodity flow networks across the full spectrum of spatial scales: global, national, and village. We discover properties of both scale invariance and scale dependence in food flow networks. The statistical distribution of node connectivity and mass flux are consistent across scales. Node connectivity follows a generalized exponential distribution, while node mass flux follows a Gamma distribution across scales. Similarly, the relationship between node connectivity and mass flux follows a power law across scales. However, the parameters of the distributions change with spatial scale. Mean node connectivity and mass flux increase with increasing scale. A core group of nodes exists at all scales, but node centrality increases as the spatial scale decreases, indicating that some households are more critical to village food exchanges than countries are to global trade. Remarkably, the structural network properties of food flows are consistent across spatial scales, indicating that a universal mechanism may underpin food exchange systems. In future research, this understanding can be used to develop theoretical models of food flow networks and to model food flows at resolutions for which empirical information is not available.
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Newig J, Challies E, Jager NW, Kochskaemper E, Adzersen A. The Environmental Performance of Participatory and Collaborative Governance: A Framework of Causal Mechanisms. POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL: THE JOURNAL OF THE POLICY STUDIES ORGANIZATION 2018; 46:269-297. [PMID: 30034065 PMCID: PMC6049960 DOI: 10.1111/psj.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Many have advocated for collaborative governance and the participation of citizens and stakeholders on the basis that it can improve the environmental outcomes of public decision making, as compared to traditional, top-down decision making. Others, however, point to the potential negative effects of participation and collaboration on environmental outcomes. This article draws on several literatures to identify five clusters of causal mechanisms describing the relationship between participation and environmental outcomes. We distinguish (i) mechanisms that describe how participation impacts on the environmental standard of outputs, from (ii) mechanisms relating to the implementation of outputs. Three mechanism clusters focus on the role of representation of environmental concerns, participants' environmental knowledge, and dialogical interaction in decision making. Two further clusters elaborate on the role of acceptance, conflict resolution, and collaborative networks for the implementation of decisions. In addition to the mechanisms, linking independent with dependent variables, we identify the conditions under which participation may lead to better (or worse) environmental outcomes. This helps to resolve apparent contradictions in the literature. We conclude by outlining avenues for research that builds on this framework for analysis.
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Bennett NJ, Whitty TS, Finkbeiner E, Pittman J, Bassett H, Gelcich S, Allison EH. Environmental Stewardship: A Conceptual Review and Analytical Framework. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 61:597-614. [PMID: 29387947 PMCID: PMC5849669 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing attention to and investment in local environmental stewardship in conservation and environmental management policies and programs globally. Yet environmental stewardship has not received adequate conceptual attention. Establishing a clear definition and comprehensive analytical framework could strengthen our ability to understand the factors that lead to the success or failure of environmental stewardship in different contexts and how to most effectively support and enable local efforts. Here we propose such a definition and framework. First, we define local environmental stewardship as the actions taken by individuals, groups or networks of actors, with various motivations and levels of capacity, to protect, care for or responsibly use the environment in pursuit of environmental and/or social outcomes in diverse social-ecological contexts. Next, drawing from a review of the environmental stewardship, management and governance literatures, we unpack the elements of this definition to develop an analytical framework that can facilitate research on local environmental stewardship. Finally, we discuss potential interventions and leverage points for promoting or supporting local stewardship and future applications of the framework to guide descriptive, evaluative, prescriptive or systematic analysis of environmental stewardship. Further application of this framework in diverse environmental and social contexts is recommended to refine the elements and develop insights that will guide and improve the outcomes of environmental stewardship initiatives and investments. Ultimately, our aim is to raise the profile of environmental stewardship as a valuable and holistic concept for guiding productive and sustained relationships with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Bennett
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Columbia, Canada.
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Washington, USA.
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
| | - Tara S Whitty
- Center for Marine Biodiversity & Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Elena Finkbeiner
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Jeremy Pittman
- School of Environment, Resource and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Hannah Bassett
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan Gelcich
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edward H Allison
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Washington, USA
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Li Y, Li Y, Kappas M, Pavao-Zuckerman M. Identifying the key catastrophic variables of urban social-environmental resilience and early warning signal. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:184-190. [PMID: 29428608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pursuit of sustainability requires a systematic approach to understand a system's specific dynamics to adapt and enhance from disturbances in social-environmental systems. We developed a systematic resilience assessment of social-environmental systems by connecting catastrophe theory and probability distribution equilibrium. Catastrophe models were used to calculate resilience shifts between slow and fast variables; afterwards, two resilience transition modes ("Less resilient" or "More resilient") were addressed by using probability distribution equilibrium analysis. A tipping point that occurs in "Less resilient" system suggests that the critical resilience transition can be an early warning signal of approaching threshold. Catastrophic shifts were explored between the interacting social-environmental sub-systems of land use and energy (fast variables) and environmental pollution (slow variables), which also identifies the critical factors in maintaining the integrated social-environmental resilience. Furthermore, the early warning signals enable the adaptability of urban systems and their resilience to perturbations, and provide guidelines for urban social-environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China.
| | - Martin Kappas
- Department of Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mitchell Pavao-Zuckerman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Cluster for Sustainability in the Built Environment, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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Turnbull L, Hütt MT, Ioannides AA, Kininmonth S, Poeppl R, Tockner K, Bracken LJ, Keesstra S, Liu L, Masselink R, Parsons AJ. Connectivity and complex systems: learning from a multi-disciplinary perspective. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE 2018; 3:11. [PMID: 30839779 PMCID: PMC6214298 DOI: 10.1007/s41109-018-0067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, parallel developments in disparate disciplines have focused on what has come to be termed connectivity; a concept used in understanding and describing complex systems. Conceptualisations and operationalisations of connectivity have evolved largely within their disciplinary boundaries, yet similarities in this concept and its application among disciplines are evident. However, any implementation of the concept of connectivity carries with it both ontological and epistemological constraints, which leads us to ask if there is one type or set of approach(es) to connectivity that might be applied to all disciplines. In this review we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivity to understand complex systems from the standpoint of widely different disciplines. These are: (i) defining the fundamental unit for the study of connectivity; (ii) separating structural connectivity from functional connectivity; (iii) understanding emergent behaviour; and (iv) measuring connectivity. We draw upon discipline-specific insights from Computational Neuroscience, Ecology, Geomorphology, Neuroscience, Social Network Science and Systems Biology to explore the use of connectivity among these disciplines. We evaluate how a connectivity-based approach has generated new understanding of structural-functional relationships that characterise complex systems and propose a 'common toolbox' underpinned by network-based approaches that can advance connectivity studies by overcoming existing constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stuart Kininmonth
- Stockholm Resilience Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- The University of South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
| | | | - Klement Tockner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Austrian Science Funds, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Lichan Liu
- Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Bodin Ö. Collaborative environmental governance: Achieving collective action in social-ecological systems. Science 2017; 357:357/6352/eaan1114. [PMID: 28818915 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Managing ecosystems is challenging because of the high number of stakeholders, the permeability of man-made political and jurisdictional demarcations in relation to the temporal and spatial extent of biophysical processes, and a limited understanding of complex ecosystem and societal dynamics. Given these conditions, collaborative governance is commonly put forward as the preferred means of addressing environmental problems. Under this paradigm, a deeper understanding of if, when, and how collaboration is effective, and when other means of addressing environmental problems are better suited, is needed. Interdisciplinary research on collaborative networks demonstrates that which actors get involved, with whom they collaborate, and in what ways they are tied to the structures of the ecosystems have profound implications on actors' abilities to address different types of environmental problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Morgans CL, Guerrero AM, Ancrenaz M, Meijaard E, Wilson KA. Not more, but strategic collaboration needed to conserve Borneo's orangutan. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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