1
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Curran K, Kemper F, Hadley M. Time of day dependent changes in embryonic heart rate are detectable after maturation of rhythmic circadian gene expression in the eye, but before the heart in Xenopus laevis tadpoles cultured in LD. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024. [PMID: 39291148 PMCID: PMC11406323 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
We systematically characterized onset of expression of circadian genes in the embryonic eye and heart of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We found that period1 (per1) and nr1d1 ( rev-erbα) were the first circadian genes to display significant 24-hour rhythms in the developing eye and heart in a 12-hour light-dark cycle (LD). Rhythmic expression of both oscillator and output genes were present in the eye by 2.75 days post fertilization (dpf), but not in 15 dpf hearts. Surprisingly, rhythmic oscillation of heart rate occurred after 3.2 dpf suggesting that heart rate may be controlled directly by light or indirectly by the pineal in LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Curran
- Biology, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Faith Kemper
- Biology, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, United States
- Wasseen, Inc. Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Morgan Hadley
- Biology, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
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2
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Parasram K, Zuccato A, Shin M, Willms R, DeVeale B, Foley E, Karpowicz P. The emergence of circadian timekeeping in the intestine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1788. [PMID: 38413599 PMCID: PMC10899604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular timekeeper, present from cyanobacteria to mammals, that coordinates internal physiology with the external environment. The clock has a 24-h period however development proceeds with its own timing, raising the question of how these interact. Using the intestine of Drosophila melanogaster as a model for organ development, we track how and when the circadian clock emerges in specific cell types. We find that the circadian clock begins abruptly in the adult intestine and gradually synchronizes to the environment after intestinal development is complete. This delayed start occurs because individual cells at earlier stages lack the complete circadian clock gene network. As the intestine develops, the circadian clock is first consolidated in intestinal stem cells with changes in Ecdysone and Hnf4 signalling influencing the transcriptional activity of Clk/cyc to drive the expression of tim, Pdp1, and vri. In the mature intestine, stem cell lineage commitment transiently disrupts clock activity in differentiating progeny, mirroring early developmental clock-less transitions. Our data show that clock function and differentiation are incompatible and provide a paradigm for studying circadian clocks in development and stem cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathyani Parasram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Amy Zuccato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Minjeong Shin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Reegan Willms
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Brian DeVeale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Edan Foley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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3
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Koike N, Umemura Y, Inokawa H, Tokuda I, Tsuchiya Y, Sasawaki Y, Umemura A, Masuzawa N, Yabumoto K, Seya T, Sugimoto A, Yoo SH, Chen Z, Yagita K. Inter-individual variations in circadian misalignment-induced NAFLD pathophysiology in mice. iScience 2024; 27:108934. [PMID: 38533453 PMCID: PMC10964262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological consequences of circadian misalignment, such as shift work, show considerable individual differences, but the lack of mechanistic understanding hinders precision prevention to prevent and mitigate disease symptoms. Here, we employed an integrative approach involving physiological, transcriptional, and histological phenotypes to examine inter-individual differences in pre-symptomatic pathological progression, preceding irreversible disease onset, in wild-type mice exposed to chronic jet-lag (CJL). We observed that CJL markedly increased the prevalence of hepatic steatosis with pronounced inter-individual differences. Stratification of individual mice based on CJL-induced hepatic transcriptomic signature, validated by histopathological analysis, pinpoints dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Moreover, the period and power of intrinsic behavioral rhythms were found to significantly correlate with CJL-induced gene signatures. Together, our results suggest circadian rhythm robustness of the animals contributes to inter-individual variations in pathogenesis of circadian misalignment-induced diseases and raise the possibility that these physiological indicators may be available for predictive hallmarks of circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Chugoku Gakuen University, Okayama 701-0197, Japan
| | - Isao Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuh Sasawaki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naoko Masuzawa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Otsu City Hospital, Otsu 520-0804, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yabumoto
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Seya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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4
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Agriesti F, Cela O, Capitanio N. "Time Is out of Joint" in Pluripotent Stem Cells: How and Why. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2063. [PMID: 38396740 PMCID: PMC10889767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is necessary for the homeostasis and health of living organisms. Molecular clocks interconnected by transcription/translation feedback loops exist in most cells of the body. A puzzling exemption to this, otherwise, general biological hallmark is given by the cell physiology of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that lack circadian oscillations gradually acquired following their in vivo programmed differentiation. This process can be nicely phenocopied following in vitro commitment and reversed during the reprogramming of somatic cells to induce PSCs. The current understanding of how and why pluripotency is "time-uncoupled" is largely incomplete. A complex picture is emerging where the circadian core clockwork is negatively regulated in PSCs at the post-transcriptional/translational, epigenetic, and other-clock-interaction levels. Moreover, non-canonical functions of circadian core-work components in the balance between pluripotency identity and metabolic-driven cell reprogramming are emerging. This review selects and discusses results of relevant recent investigations providing major insights into this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agriesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (O.C.); (N.C.)
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5
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Yagita K. Emergence of the circadian clock oscillation during the developmental process in mammals. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 84:102152. [PMID: 38266394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clocks are cell-autonomous intrinsic oscillators existing throughout the body to coordinate intracellular and intercellular functions of each organ or tissue. The circadian clock oscillation gradually emerges during mid-to-late gestation in the mammalian developmental process. Recently, it has been revealed that the in vitro differentiation of mouse ES cells recapitulates the circadian clock development. Moreover, reprogramming of the cells results in the redisappearance of the clock, indicating that circadian clocks are tightly coupled with cellular differentiation. Interestingly, before the circadian clock develops, the embryo is governed under ultradian rhythms driven by the segmentation clock. This short review explores these observations, discussing the significance of the emergence of circadian clock oscillation during the mammalian developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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6
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Comas M, De Pietri Tonelli D, Berdondini L, Astiz M. Ontogeny of the circadian system: a multiscale process throughout development. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:36-46. [PMID: 38071123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The 24 h (circadian) timing system develops in mammals during the perinatal period. It carries out the essential task of anticipating daily recurring environmental changes to identify the best time of day for each molecular, cellular, and systemic process. Although significant knowledge has been acquired about the organization and function of the adult circadian system, relatively little is known about its ontogeny. During the perinatal period, the circadian system progressively gains functionality under the influence of the early environment. This review explores current evidence on the development of the circadian clock in mammals, highlighting the multilevel complexity of the process and the importance of gaining a better understanding of its underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Comas
- Circadian Physiology of Neurons and Glia Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Luca Berdondini
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Circadian Physiology of Neurons and Glia Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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7
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Chen R, Routh BN, Gaudet AD, Fonken LK. Circadian Regulation of the Neuroimmune Environment Across the Lifespan: From Brain Development to Aging. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:419-446. [PMID: 37357738 PMCID: PMC10475217 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231178950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks confer 24-h periodicity to biological systems, to ultimately maximize energy efficiency and promote survival in a world with regular environmental light cycles. In mammals, circadian rhythms regulate myriad physiological functions, including the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Within the central nervous system, specialized glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia survey and maintain the neuroimmune environment. The contributions of these neuroimmune cells to both homeostatic and pathogenic demands vary greatly across the day. Moreover, the function of these cells changes across the lifespan. In this review, we discuss circadian regulation of the neuroimmune environment across the lifespan, with a focus on microglia and astrocytes. Circadian rhythms emerge in early life concurrent with neuroimmune sculpting of brain circuits and wane late in life alongside increasing immunosenescence and neurodegeneration. Importantly, circadian dysregulation can alter immune function, which may contribute to susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight circadian neuroimmune interactions across the lifespan and share evidence that circadian dysregulation within the neuroimmune system may be a critical component in human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Chen
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Brandy N. Routh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Andrew D. Gaudet
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura K. Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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8
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Kaneko H, Kaitsuka T, Tomizawa K. Artificial induction of circadian rhythm by combining exogenous BMAL1 expression and polycomb repressive complex 2 inhibition in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:200. [PMID: 37421441 PMCID: PMC11072008 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiology of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is necessary for directed differentiation, mimicking embryonic development, and regenerative medicine applications. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibit unique abilities such as self-renewal and pluripotency, but they lack some functions that are associated with normal somatic cells. One such function is the circadian oscillation of clock genes; however, whether or not PSCs demonstrate this capability remains unclear. In this study, the reason why circadian rhythm does not oscillate in human iPSCs was examined. This phenomenon may be due to the transcriptional repression of clock genes resulting from the hypermethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), or it may be due to the low levels of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) protein. Therefore, BMAL1-overexpressing cells were generated and pre-treated with GSK126, an inhibitor of enhancer of zest homologue 2 (EZH2), which is a methyltransferase of H3K27 and a component of polycomb repressive complex 2. Consequently, a significant circadian rhythm following endogenous BMAL1, period 2 (PER2), and other clock gene expression was induced by these two factors, suggesting a candidate mechanism for the lack of rhythmicity of clock gene expression in iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taku Kaitsuka
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Enokizu 137-1, Okawa, Fukuoka, 831-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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9
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Sato S, Hishida T, Kinouchi K, Hatanaka F, Li Y, Nguyen Q, Chen Y, Wang PH, Kessenbrock K, Li W, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Sassone-Corsi P. The circadian clock CRY1 regulates pluripotent stem cell identity and somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112590. [PMID: 37261952 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic conditions rewire circadian-clock-controlled signaling pathways leading to the de novo construction of signal transduction networks. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic hallmarks unique to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are connected to clock functions. Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state, here we highlighted non-canonical functions of the circadian repressor CRY1 specific to PSCs. Metabolic reprogramming, including AMPK inactivation and SREBP1 activation, was coupled with the accumulation of CRY1 in PSCs. Functional assays verified that CRY1 is required for the maintenance of self-renewal capacity, colony organization, and metabolic signatures. Genome-wide occupancy of CRY1 identified CRY1-regulatory genes enriched in development and differentiation in PSCs, albeit not somatic cells. Last, cells lacking CRY1 exhibit differential gene expression profiles during induced PSC (iPSC) reprogramming, resulting in impaired iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Collectively, these results suggest the functional implication of CRY1 in pluripotent reprogramming and ontogenesis, thereby dictating PSC identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ping H Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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10
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Huang L, Yuan H, Shi S, Song X, Zhang L, Zhou X, Gao L, Pang W, Yang G, Chu G. CLOCK inhibits the proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells by targeting ASB9. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:82. [PMID: 37280645 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) is a core factor of the mammalian biological clock system in regulating female fertility and ovarian physiology. However, CLOCK's specific function and molecular mechanism in porcine granulosa cells (GCs) remain unclear. In this study, we focused on CLOCK's effects on GC proliferation. RESULTS CLOCK significantly inhibited cell proliferation in porcine GCs. CLOCK decreased the expression of cell cycle-related genes, including CCNB1, CCNE1, and CDK4 at the mRNA and protein levels. CDKN1A levels were upregulated by CLOCK. ASB9 is a newly-identified target of CLOCK that inhibits GC proliferation; CLOCK binds to the E-box element in the ASB9 promoter. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CLOCK inhibits the proliferation of porcine ovarian GCs by increasing ASB9 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shengjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lutong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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11
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Huang L, Zhang L, Shi S, Zhou X, Yuan H, Song X, Hu Y, Pang W, Yang G, Gao L, Chu G. Mitochondrial function and E 2 synthesis are impaired following alteration of CLOCK gene expression in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2023; 202:51-60. [PMID: 36921565 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) is a critical component of the mammalian circadian clock system and regulates ovarian physiology. However, the functions and mechanisms of CLOCK in porcine granulosa cells (GCs) are poorly understood. The present study focused on CLOCK's effects on estradiol synthesis. Similarity analysis showed that CLOCK is highly conserved between pigs and other species. The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that porcine CLOCK was most closely related to that in Arabian camels. CLOCK significantly reduced E2 synthesis in GCs. CLOCK reduced the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes at the mRNA and protein levels, including CYP19A1, CYP11A1, and StAR. CYP17A1 levels were significantly downregulated. We demonstrated that CLOCK dramatically decreased ATP content, mitochondrial copy number, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased reactive oxygen species levels in GCs. We observed that mitochondria were severely damaged with fuzzy and fractured cristae and swollen matrix. These findings suggest that mitochondrial function and E2 synthesis are impaired following the alteration of CLOCK gene expression in porcine ovarian GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Lutong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Shengjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoge Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Huan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yamei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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12
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Rosselot AE, Park M, Kim M, Matsu‐Ura T, Wu G, Flores DE, Subramanian KR, Lee S, Sundaram N, Broda TR, McCauley HA, Hawkins JA, Chetal K, Salomonis N, Shroyer NF, Helmrath MA, Wells JM, Hogenesch JB, Moore SR, Hong CI. Ontogeny and function of the circadian clock in intestinal organoids. EMBO J 2022; 41:e106973. [PMID: 34704277 PMCID: PMC8762567 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate diverse aspects of gastrointestinal physiology ranging from the composition of microbiota to motility. However, development of the intestinal circadian clock and detailed mechanisms regulating circadian physiology of the intestine remain largely unknown. In this report, we show that both pluripotent stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids engrafted into mice and patient-derived human intestinal enteroids possess circadian rhythms and demonstrate circadian phase-dependent necrotic cell death responses to Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB). Intriguingly, mouse and human enteroids demonstrate anti-phasic necrotic cell death responses to TcdB. RNA-Seq analysis shows that ~3-10% of the detectable transcripts are rhythmically expressed in mouse and human enteroids. Remarkably, we observe anti-phasic gene expression of Rac1, a small GTPase directly inactivated by TcdB, between mouse and human enteroids, and disruption of Rac1 abolishes clock-dependent necrotic cell death responses. Our findings uncover robust functions of circadian rhythms regulating clock-controlled genes in both mouse and human enteroids governing organism-specific, circadian phase-dependent necrotic cell death responses, and lay a foundation for human organ- and disease-specific investigation of clock functions using human organoids for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Rosselot
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Miri Park
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Mari Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Toru Matsu‐Ura
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Human Genetics and ImmunobiologyCenter for ChronobiologyDepartment of PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Danilo E Flores
- Division of Human Genetics and ImmunobiologyCenter for ChronobiologyDepartment of PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | | | - Suengwon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Taylor R Broda
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid MedicineDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Heather A McCauley
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid MedicineDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Jennifer A Hawkins
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Division of Biomedical InformaticsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical InformaticsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Noah F Shroyer
- Gastroenterology and HepatologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Michael A Helmrath
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid MedicineDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - James M Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid MedicineDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Division of EndocrinologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Division of Human Genetics and ImmunobiologyCenter for ChronobiologyDepartment of PediatricsCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Center for ChronobiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - Sean R Moore
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Christian I Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems PhysiologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid MedicineDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Center for ChronobiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
- Division of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA
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13
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Hashimoto K, Kodama A, Ohira M, Kimoto M, Nakagawa R, Usui Y, Ujihara Y, Hanashima A, Mohri S. Postnatal expression of cell cycle promoter Fam64a causes heart dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte differentiation through repression of Klf15. iScience 2022; 25:104337. [PMID: 35602953 PMCID: PMC9118685 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of fetal cell cycle genes into damaged adult hearts has emerged as a promising strategy for stimulating proliferation and regeneration of postmitotic adult cardiomyocytes. We have recently identified Fam64a as a fetal-specific cell cycle promoter in cardiomyocytes. Here, we analyzed transgenic mice maintaining cardiomyocyte-specific postnatal expression of Fam64a when endogenous expression was abolished. Despite an enhancement of cardiomyocyte proliferation, these mice showed impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation during postnatal development, resulting in cardiac dysfunction in later life. Mechanistically, Fam64a inhibited cardiomyocyte differentiation by repressing Klf15, leading to the accumulation of undifferentiated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, introduction of Fam64a in differentiated adult wildtype hearts improved functional recovery upon injury with augmented cell cycle and no dedifferentiation in cardiomyocytes. These data demonstrate that Fam64a inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation during early development, but does not induce de-differentiation in once differentiated cardiomyocytes, illustrating a promising potential of Fam64a as a cell cycle promoter to attain heart regeneration. Overexpression of cell cycle promoter Fam64a in cardiomyocytes causes heart failure Fam64a inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation during development by repressing Klf15 Transient and local induction of Fam64a in adult hearts improves recovery upon injury Fam64a activates cardiomyocyte cell cycle without dedifferentiation upon injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Aya Kodama
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Momoko Ohira
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Misaki Kimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuu Usui
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan
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14
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Gao W, Li R, Ye M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Yang Y, Wei X, Zhao Q. The circadian clock has roles in mesenchymal stem cell fate decision. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:200. [PMID: 35578353 PMCID: PMC9109355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock refers to the intrinsic biological rhythms of physiological functions and behaviours. It synergises with the solar cycle and has profound effects on normal metabolism and organismal fitness. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock exerts great influence on the differentiation of stem cells. Here, we focus on the close relationship between the circadian clock and mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions in the skeletal system. The underlying mechanisms include hormone signals and the activation and repression of different transcription factors under circadian regulation. Additionally, the clock interacts with epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs and is even involved in chromatin remodelling. Although the specificity and safety of circadian therapy need to be further studied, the circadian regulation of stem cells can be regarded as a promising candidate for health improvement and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meilin Ye
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Naven MA, Zeef LA, Li S, Humphreys PA, Smith CA, Pathiranage D, Cain S, Woods S, Bates N, Au M, Wen C, Kimber SJ, Meng QJ. Development of human cartilage circadian rhythm in a stem cell-chondrogenesis model. Theranostics 2022; 12:3963-3976. [PMID: 35664072 PMCID: PMC9131279 DOI: 10.7150/thno.70893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock in murine articular cartilage is a critical temporal regulatory mechanism for tissue homeostasis and osteoarthritis. However, translation of these findings into humans has been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining circadian time series human cartilage tissues. As such, a suitable model is needed to understand the initiation and regulation of circadian rhythms in human cartilage. Methods: We used a chondrogenic differentiation protocol on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a proxy for early human chondrocyte development. Chondrogenesis was validated using histology and expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers. The molecular circadian clock was tracked in real time by lentiviral transduction of human clock gene luciferase reporters. Differentiation-coupled gene expression was assessed by RNAseq and differential expression analysis. Results: hESCs lacked functional circadian rhythms in clock gene expression. During chondrogenic differentiation, there was an expected reduction of pluripotency markers (e.g., NANOG and OCT4) and a significant increase of chondrogenic genes (SOX9, COL2A1 and ACAN). Histology of the 3D cartilage pellets at day 21 showed a matrix architecture resembling human cartilage, with readily detectable core clock proteins (BMAL1, CLOCK and PER2). Importantly, the circadian clocks in differentiating hESCs were activated between day 11 (end of the 2D stage) and day 21 (10 days after 3D differentiation) in the chondrogenic differentiation protocol. RNA sequencing revealed striking differentiation coupled changes in the expression levels of most clock genes and a range of clock regulators. Conclusions: The circadian clock is gradually activated through a differentiation-coupled mechanism in a human chondrogenesis model. These findings provide a human 3D chondrogenic model to investigate the role of the circadian clock during normal homeostasis and in diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Naven
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo A.H. Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiyang Li
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher A Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Dharshika Pathiranage
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Cain
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Manting Au
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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16
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Multi-omics approach reveals posttranscriptionally regulated genes are essential for human pluripotent stem cells. iScience 2022; 25:104289. [PMID: 35573189 PMCID: PMC9097716 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of transcription factors on the maintenance and differentiation of human-induced or embryonic pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs/ESCs) have been well studied. However, the importance of posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms, which cause the quantitative dissociation of mRNA and protein expression, has not been explored in detail. Here, by combining transcriptome and proteome profiling, we identified 228 posttranscriptionally regulated genes with strict upregulation of the protein level in iPSCs/ESCs. Among them, we found 84 genes were vital for the survival of iPSCs and HDFs, including 20 genes that were specifically necessary for iPSC survival. These 20 proteins were upregulated only in iPSCs/ESCs and not in differentiated cells derived from the three germ layers. Although there are still unknown mechanisms that downregulate protein levels in HDFs, these results reveal that posttranscriptionally regulated genes have a crucial role in iPSC survival. The posttranscriptionally regulated 20 genes are necessary for iPSC survival The proteins of HSPA8, EIF3D, and NCBP2 are quickly degraded in HDFs mRNA localization affects the protein amounts in most of the 20 genes Translation is repressed in HDFs despite mRNA binding to ribosomes
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17
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Cao X, Yan Y, Luo X, Yang X, Cui H, Yang Y, Li H. Analyses of the circadian clock genes expression in whole embryos and maternal major tissues of mice. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:473-482. [PMID: 35149920 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To create an organism, it is vital to assemble enough cells of the various differentiated types with the correct spatial arrangement within the embryo. Circadian clocks development is closely correlated with all cellular differentiation. However, the expression of its emergence during mammalian development are not fully understood. To determine whether embryonic development is influenced by circadian rhythm, it is necessary to observe the ontogeny of the circadian clock gene. We first measured the expression of key circadian genes in whole embryos and maternal major tissues of 25 female mice using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results indicated that mouse embryos begin to express key circadian genes and have the capacity to express active circadian regulatory cycles during development. But circadian molecular rhythms can't be built in embryo. At E15, the expression of Bmal1, Clock and Per1 mRNA in whole embryo were increased, especially Per1. In the meanwhile, immunohistochemical analysis shows a small number of PER1 positive cells were observed in the bottom of right atrium. From E16 to E17, CLOCK and PER1 positive cells were observed in the airway smooth muscle, the wall of left atrium and skeletal muscle of body wall. It is interesting that CLOCK and PER1 positive cells could not be detected in the liver. By using RT-PCR, we continue to observe the expression of myogenic regulatory factor in embryos and also analyse the relationship of embryo development and maternal rhythms. From E12, the expression of myogenin increased quickly. The expression of Tcap at E15 significantly increased. myogenin may play a direct role in contributing Tcap expression. The expression of MAZ is always the highest than myogenin and Tcap in embryos. MAZ may concern with the development of skeletal muscle. The clock gene is a positive regulator of myogenesis and the development of organ. In contrast to embryonic tissues, circadian variation was present for Bmal1, Clock and Per1 at maternal tissues. Our results indicate that circadian clock genes seem to function differently in different tissues of embryo and maternal mice. Synchrony does not occur during embryo development despite exposure to maternal rhythms. But development of embryo may be affected by maternal tissues of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Cao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yindi Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuguang Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xinhua Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huilin Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Hairong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
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18
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Bery A, Bagchi U, Bergen AA, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Circadian clocks, retinogenesis and ocular health in vertebrates: new molecular insights. Dev Biol 2022; 484:40-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Umemura Y, Koike N, Tsuchiya Y, Watanabe H, Kondoh G, Kageyama R, Yagita K. Circadian key component CLOCK/BMAL1 interferes with segmentation clock in mouse embryonic organoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114083119. [PMID: 34930826 PMCID: PMC8746294 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, circadian clocks are strictly suppressed during early embryonic stages, as well as in pluripotent stem cells, by the lack of CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated circadian feedback loops. During ontogenesis, the innate circadian clocks emerge gradually at a late developmental stage, and with these, the circadian temporal order is invested in each cell level throughout a body. Meanwhile, in the early developmental stage, a segmented body plan is essential for an intact developmental process, and somitogenesis is controlled by another cell-autonomous oscillator, the segmentation clock, in the posterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM). In the present study, focusing upon the interaction between circadian key components and the segmentation clock, we investigated the effect of the CLOCK/BMAL1 on the segmentation clock Hes7 oscillation, revealing that the expression of functional CLOCK/BMAL1 severely interferes with the ultradian rhythm of segmentation clock in induced PSM and gastruloids. RNA sequencing analysis implied that the premature expression of CLOCK/BMAL1 affects the Hes7 transcription and its regulatory pathways. These results suggest that the suppression of CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transcriptional regulation during the somitogenesis may be inevitable for intact mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Laboratory of Growth Regulation System, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
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20
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Tampakakis E, Gangrade H, Glavaris S, Htet M, Murphy S, Lin BL, Liu T, Saberi A, Miyamoto M, Kowalski W, Mukouyama YS, Lee G, Minichiello L, Kwon C. Heart neurons use clock genes to control myocyte proliferation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh4181. [PMID: 34851661 PMCID: PMC8635446 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurons can regulate the development, pathogenesis, and regeneration of target organs. However, the role of neurons during heart development and regeneration remains unclear. We genetically inhibited sympathetic innervation in vivo, which resulted in heart enlargement with an increase in cardiomyocyte number. Transcriptomic and protein analysis showed down-regulation of the two clock gene homologs Period1/Period2 (Per1/Per2) accompanied by up-regulation of cell cycle genes. Per1/Per2 deletion increased heart size and cardiomyocyte proliferation, recapitulating sympathetic neuron–deficient hearts. Conversely, increasing sympathetic activity by norepinephrine treatment induced Per1/Per2 and suppressed cardiomyocyte proliferation. We further found that the two clock genes negatively regulate myocyte mitosis entry through the Wee1 kinase pathway. Our findings demonstrate a previously unknown link between cardiac neurons and clock genes in regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart size and provide mechanistic insights for developing neuromodulation strategies for cardiac regen5eration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Harshi Gangrade
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Glavaris
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Myo Htet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sean Murphy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular, and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian Leei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amir Saberi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular, and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William Kowalski
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, Cellular, and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Dan H, Ruan T, Sampogna RV. Circadian Clock Regulation of Developmental Time in the Kidney. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107661. [PMID: 32433970 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the emergence of an endogenous circadian clock that regulates organogenesis in mouse fetal kidney. We detect circadian rhythms both in vivo with transcriptional profiling and ex vivo by bioluminescence. High-resolution structural analysis of embryonic explants reveals that global or local clock disruption results in defects that resemble human congenital abnormalities of the kidney. The onset of fetal rhythms strongly correlates with the timing of a distinct transition in branching and growth rates during a gestational window of high fetal growth demands. Defects in clock mutants typically have been attributed to accelerated aging; however, our study establishes a role for the fetal circadian clock as a developmental timer that regulates the pathways that control organogenesis, branching rate, and nephron number and thus plays a fundamental role in kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Dan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rosemary V Sampogna
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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22
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Ogino T, Matsunaga N, Tanaka T, Tanihara T, Terajima H, Yoshitane H, Fukada Y, Tsuruta A, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Post-transcriptional repression of circadian component CLOCK regulates cancer-stemness in murine breast cancer cells. eLife 2021; 10:66155. [PMID: 33890571 PMCID: PMC8102063 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the circadian clock machinery in cancer cells is implicated in tumor malignancy. Studies on cancer therapy reveal the presence of heterogeneous cells, including breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs), in breast tumors. BCSCs are often characterized by high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, associated with the malignancy of cancers. In this study, we demonstrated the negative regulation of ALDH activity by the major circadian component CLOCK in murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. The expression of CLOCK was repressed in high-ALDH-activity 4T1, and enhancement of CLOCK expression abrogated their stemness properties, such as tumorigenicity and invasive potential. Furthermore, reduced expression of CLOCK in high-ALDH-activity 4T1 was post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA: miR-182. Knockout of miR-182 restored the expression of CLOCK, resulted in preventing tumor growth. Our findings suggest that increased expression of CLOCK in BCSCs by targeting post-transcriptional regulation overcame stemness-related malignancy and may be a novel strategy for breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ogino
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tanihara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Terajima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Finger A, Kramer A. Mammalian circadian systems: Organization and modern life challenges. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13548. [PMID: 32846050 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives rhythmic biological functions, as well as behavioural outputs with an approximately 24-hour period. In mammals, body clocks are hierarchically organized, encompassing a so-called pacemaker clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), non-SCN brain and peripheral clocks, as well as cell-autonomous oscillators within virtually every cell type. A functional clock machinery on the molecular level, alignment among body clocks, as well as synchronization between endogenous circadian and exogenous environmental cycles has been shown to be crucial for our health and well-being. Yet, modern life constantly poses widespread challenges to our internal clocks, for example artificial lighting, shift work and trans-meridian travel, potentially leading to circadian disruption or misalignment and the emergence of associated diseases. For instance many of us experience a mismatch between sleep timing on work and free days (social jetlag) in our everyday lives without being aware of health consequences that may arise from such chronic circadian misalignment, Hence, this review provides an overview of the organization and molecular built-up of the mammalian circadian system, its interactions with the outside world, as well as pathologies arising from circadian disruption and misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology Institute for Medical immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
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24
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Chirico N, Van Laake LW, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A, Dierickx P. Cardiac circadian rhythms in time and space: The future is in 4D. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:49-59. [PMID: 33338891 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock synchronizes the body into 24-h cycles, thereby anticipating variations in tissue-specific diurnal tasks, such as response to increased cardiac metabolic demand during the active period of the day. As a result, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and occurrence of fatal cardiovascular events fluctuate in a diurnal manner. The heart contains different cell types that make up and reside in an environment of biochemical, mechanical, and topographical signaling. Cardiac architecture is essential for proper heart development as well as for maintenance of cell homeostasis and tissue repair. In this review, we describe the possibilities of studying circadian rhythmicity in the heart by using advanced in vitro systems that mimic the native cardiac 3D microenvironment which can be tuned in time and space. Harnessing the knowledge that originates from those in vitro models could significantly improve innovative cardiac modeling and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern a large array of physiological and metabolic functions. Perturbations of the daily cycle have been linked to elevated risk of developing cancer as well as poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Also, expression of core clock genes or proteins is remarkably attenuated particularly in tumours of a higher stage or that are more aggressive, possibly linking the circadian clock to cellular differentiation. Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic control by the circadian clock underpins specific hallmarks of cancer metabolism. Indeed, to support cell proliferation and biomass production, the clock may direct metabolic processes of cancer cells in concert with non-clock transcription factors to control how nutrients and metabolites are utilized in a time-specific manner. We hypothesize that the metabolic switch between differentiation or stemness of cancer may be coupled to the molecular clockwork. Moreover, circadian rhythms of host organisms appear to dictate tumour growth and proliferation. This Review outlines recent discoveries of the interplay between circadian rhythms, proliferative metabolism and cancer, highlighting potential opportunities in the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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26
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Malaguarnera R, Ledda C, Filippello A, Frasca F, Francavilla VC, Ramaci T, Parisi MC, Rapisarda V, Piro S. Thyroid Cancer and Circadian Clock Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3109. [PMID: 33114365 PMCID: PMC7690860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) represents the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, with an increased incidence across continents attributable to both improvement of diagnostic procedures and environmental factors. Among the modifiable risk factors, insulin resistance might influence the development of TC. A relationship between circadian clock machinery disfunction and TC has recently been proposed. The circadian clock machinery comprises a set of rhythmically expressed genes responsible for circadian rhythms. Perturbation of this system contributes to the development of pathological states such as cancer. Several clock genes have been found deregulated upon thyroid nodule malignant transformation. The molecular mechanisms linking circadian clock disruption and TC are still unknown but could include insulin resistance. Circadian misalignment occurring during shift work, jet lag, high fat food intake, is associated with increased insulin resistance. This metabolic alteration, in turn, is associated with a well-known risk factor for TC i.e., hyperthyrotropinemia, which could also be induced by sleep disturbances. In this review, we describe the mechanisms controlling the circadian clock function and its involvement in the cell cycle, stemness and cancer. Moreover, we discuss the evidence supporting the link between circadian clockwork disruption and TC development/progression, highlighting its potential implications for TC prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Tiziana Ramaci
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Maria Chiara Parisi
- School of Human and Social Sciences, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (R.M.); (V.C.F.); (T.R.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Internal Medicine, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (S.P.)
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27
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Bedont JL, Iascone DM, Sehgal A. The Lineage Before Time: Circadian and Nonclassical Clock Influences on Development. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2020; 36:469-509. [PMID: 33021821 PMCID: PMC10826104 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse factors including metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and mitotic kinetics influence development at the cellular level. These factors are well known to interact with the circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) after its emergence. What is only recently becoming clear, however, is how metabolism, mitosis, and epigenetics may become organized in a coordinated cyclical precursor signaling module in pluripotent cells prior to the onset of TTFL cycling. We propose that both the precursor module and the TTFL module constrain cellular identity when they are active during development, and that the emergence of these modules themselves is a key lineage marker. Here we review the component pathways underlying these ideas; how proliferation, specification, and differentiation decisions in both developmental and adult stem cell populations are or are not regulated by the classical TTFL; and emerging evidence that we propose implies a primordial clock that precedes the classical TTFL and influences early developmental decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lewis Bedont
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daniel Maxim Iascone
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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28
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Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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29
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Benitah SA, Welz PS. Circadian Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Homeostasis and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:817-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Yang G, Zhang J, Jiang T, Monslow J, Tang SY, Todd L, Puré E, Chen L, FitzGerald GA. Bmal1 Deletion in Myeloid Cells Attenuates Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Restrains Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Hyperlipidemic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1523-1532. [PMID: 32321308 PMCID: PMC7285859 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the molecular components of circadian rhythms oscillate in discrete cellular components of the vasculature and many aspects of vascular function display diurnal variation, the cellular connections between the molecular clock and inflammatory cardiovascular diseases remain to be elucidated. Previously we have shown that pre- versus postnatal deletion of Bmal1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1), the nonredundant core clock gene has contrasting effects on atherogenesis. Here we investigated the effect of myeloid cell Bmal1 deletion on atherogenesis and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Approach and Results: Mice lacking Bmal1 in myeloid cells were generated by crossing Bmal1 flox/flox mice with lysozyme 2 promoter-driven Cre recombinase mice on a hyperlipidemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient background and were fed on a high-fat diet to induce atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis was restrained, concomitant with a reduction of aortic proinflammatory gene expression in myeloid cell Bmal1 knockout mice. Body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol were unaltered. Similarly, myeloid cell depletion of Bmal1 also restrained Ang II (angiotensin II) induced formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm in hyperlipidemic mice. In vitro, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated a proinflammatory response in cultured macrophages in which there was overexpression of Bmal1. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid cell Bmal1 deletion retards atherogenesis and restrains the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm and may represent a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/physiology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, High-Fat
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Inflammation
- Integrases/genetics
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/chemistry
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muramidase/genetics
- Myeloid Cells/chemistry
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, China, 116024
| | - Jiayang Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China, 116044
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China, 116044
| | - James Monslow
- The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104
| | - Soon Yew Tang
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104
| | - Leslie Todd
- The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104
| | - Ellen Puré
- The Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China, 116044
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, 19104
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31
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Gallardo A, Molina A, Asenjo HG, Martorell-Marugán J, Montes R, Ramos-Mejia V, Sanchez-Pozo A, Carmona-Sáez P, Lopez-Onieva L, Landeira D. The molecular clock protein Bmal1 regulates cell differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900535. [PMID: 32284355 PMCID: PMC7156284 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals optimize their physiology to the light-dark cycle by synchronization of the master circadian clock in the brain with peripheral clocks in the rest of the tissues of the body. Circadian oscillations rely on a negative feedback loop exerted by the molecular clock that is composed by transcriptional activators Bmal1 and Clock, and their negative regulators Period and Cryptochrome. Components of the molecular clock are expressed during early development, but onset of robust circadian oscillations is only detected later during embryogenesis. Here, we have used naïve pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to study the role of Bmal1 during early development. We found that, compared to wild-type cells, Bmal1-/- mESCs express higher levels of Nanog protein and altered expression of pluripotency-associated signalling pathways. Importantly, Bmal1-/- mESCs display deficient multi-lineage cell differentiation capacity during the formation of teratomas and gastrula-like organoids. Overall, we reveal that Bmal1 regulates pluripotent cell differentiation and propose that the molecular clock is an hitherto unrecognized regulator of mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amador Gallardo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Aldara Molina
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Helena G Asenjo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Martorell-Marugán
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Atrys Health S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Sanchez-Pozo
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Lopez-Onieva
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Landeira
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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32
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Umemura Y, Yagita K. Development of the Circadian Core Machinery in Mammals. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3611-3617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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33
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Ameneiro C, Moreira T, Fuentes-Iglesias A, Coego A, Garcia-Outeiral V, Escudero A, Torrecilla D, Mulero-Navarro S, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM, Guallar D, Fidalgo M. BMAL1 coordinates energy metabolism and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900534. [PMID: 32284354 PMCID: PMC7156282 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BMAL1 is essential for the regulation of circadian rhythms in differentiated cells and adult stem cells, but the molecular underpinnings of its function in pluripotent cells, which hold a great potential in regenerative medicine, remain to be addressed. Here, using transient and permanent loss-of-function approaches in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we reveal that although BMAL1 is dispensable for the maintenance of the pluripotent state, its depletion leads to deregulation of transcriptional programs linked to cell differentiation commitment. We further confirm that depletion of Bmal1 alters the differentiation potential of ESCs in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that BMAL1 participates in the regulation of energy metabolism maintaining a low mitochondrial function which is associated with pluripotency. Loss-of-function of Bmal1 leads to the deregulation of metabolic gene expression associated with a shift from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. Our results highlight the important role that BMAL1 plays at the exit of pluripotency in vitro and provide evidence implicating a non-canonical circadian function of BMAL1 in the metabolic control for cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ameneiro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tiago Moreira
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fuentes-Iglesias
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Coego
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vera Garcia-Outeiral
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adriana Escudero
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Torrecilla
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Mulero-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diana Guallar
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC)-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Physiology, USC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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34
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Parasram K, Karpowicz P. Time after time: circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1267-1288. [PMID: 31586240 PMCID: PMC11105114 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Daily fluctuations in animal physiology, known as circadian rhythms, are orchestrated by a conserved molecular timekeeper, known as the circadian clock. The circadian clock forms a transcription-translation feedback loop that has emerged as a central biological regulator of many 24-h processes. Early studies of the intestine discovered that many digestive functions have a daily rhythm and that intestinal cell production was similarly time-dependent. As genetic methods in model organisms have become available, it has become apparent that the circadian clock regulates many basic cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as cell signalling and stem cell self-renewal. Recent connections between circadian rhythms and immune system function, and between circadian rhythms and microbiome dynamics, have also been revealed in the intestine. These processes are highly relevant in understanding intestinal stem cell biology. Here we describe the circadian clock regulation of intestinal stem cells primarily in two model organisms: Drosophila melanogaster and mice. Like all cells in the body, intestinal stem cells are subject to circadian timing, and both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic circadian processes contribute to their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathyani Parasram
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Phillip Karpowicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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35
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Tsuchiya Y, Umemura Y, Yagita K. Circadian clock and cancer: From a viewpoint of cellular differentiation. Int J Urol 2020; 27:518-524. [PMID: 32223039 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls and adapts diverse physiological and behavioral processes according to Earth's 24-h cycle of environmental changes. The master pacemaker of the mammalian circadian clock resides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, but almost all cells throughout the body show circadian oscillations in gene expression patterns and associated functions. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock gradually develops during embryogenesis. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells do not show circadian oscillations of gene expression, but gradually develop circadian clock oscillation during differentiation; thus, the developmental program of circadian clock emergence appears closely associated with cellular differentiation. Like embryonic stem cells, certain cancer cell types also lack the circadian clock. Given this similarity between embryonic stem cells and cancer cells, interest is growing in the contributions of circadian clock dysfunction to dedifferentiation and cancer development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of circadian clock emergence during ontogenesis, and discuss possible associations with cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Considering the multiple physiological functions of circadian rhythms, circadian abnormalities might contribute to a host of diseases, including cancer. Insights on circadian function could lead to the identification of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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36
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Kaneko H, Kaitsuka T, Tomizawa K. Response to Stimulations Inducing Circadian Rhythm in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030620. [PMID: 32143467 PMCID: PMC7140533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and disease modeling are expanding rapidly, through the development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Many exogeneous supplements are often used for the directed differentiation of hiPSCs to specific lineages, such as chemicals and hormones. Some of these are known to synchronize the circadian clock, like forskolin (Frk) and dexamethasone (Dex); however, the response to these stimulations has not been fully elucidated for hiPSCs. In this study, we examined the response of clock genes to synchronizing stimulation, and compared it with fully differentiated cells, U2OS, and fibroblasts. The expression of clock genes did not show circadian rhythms in hiPSCs with Frk and Dex, which could be due to the significantly low levels of BMAL1. On the other hand, a circadian-like rhythm of D-box binding protein (DBP) expression was observed in hiPSCs by culturing them in an environment with a simulated body temperature. However, the inhibition of temperature-inducible factors, which are involved in temperature rhythm-induced synchronization, could not repress the expression of such rhythms, while the inhibition of HIF-1α significantly repressed them. In summary, we suggest that clock genes do not respond to the synchronizing agents in hiPSCs; instead, a unique circadian-like rhythm is induced by the temperature rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taku Kaitsuka
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (K.T.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5051 (T.K.); +81-96-373-5050 (K.T.)
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (K.T.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5051 (T.K.); +81-96-373-5050 (K.T.)
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37
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Inokawa H, Umemura Y, Shimba A, Kawakami E, Koike N, Tsuchiya Y, Ohashi M, Minami Y, Cui G, Asahi T, Ono R, Sasawaki Y, Konishi E, Yoo SH, Chen Z, Teramukai S, Ikuta K, Yagita K. Chronic circadian misalignment accelerates immune senescence and abbreviates lifespan in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2569. [PMID: 32054990 PMCID: PMC7018741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern society characterized by a 24/7 lifestyle leads to misalignment between environmental cycles and endogenous circadian rhythms. Persisting circadian misalignment leads to deleterious effects on health and healthspan. However, the underlying mechanism remains not fully understood. Here, we subjected adult, wild-type mice to distinct chronic jet-lag paradigms, which showed that long-term circadian misalignment induced significant early mortality. Non-biased RNA sequencing analysis using liver and kidney showed marked activation of gene regulatory pathways associated with the immune system and immune disease in both organs. In accordance, we observed enhanced steatohepatitis with infiltration of inflammatory cells. The investigation of senescence-associated immune cell subsets from the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes revealed an increase in PD-1+CD44high CD4 T cells as well as CD95+GL7+ germinal center B cells, indicating that the long-term circadian misalignment exacerbates immune senescence and consequent chronic inflammation. Our results underscore immune homeostasis as a pivotal interventional target against clock-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimba
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Munehiro Ohashi
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoichi Minami
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Guangwei Cui
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuma Asahi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Ono
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuh Sasawaki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Satoshi Teramukai
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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38
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Ono R, Koike N, Inokawa H, Tsuchiya Y, Umemura Y, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Yagita K. Incremental Growth Lines in Mouse Molar Dentin Represent 8-hr Ultradian Rhythm. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2019; 52:93-99. [PMID: 32001947 PMCID: PMC6983372 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.19017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic incremental growth lines occur in dental hard tissues of vertebrates, and dentinogenesis in rodent incisors is suggested to be controlled by the 24-hr circadian clock. Rodent incisors continue to grow throughout the animal’s life; however, similar to human teeth, rodent molars stop growing after crown formation. This similarity suggests that the mouse molar is an excellent model to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying growth of human teeth. However, not much is known about the rhythmic dentinogenesis in mouse molars. Here, we investigated the incremental growth lines in mouse molar dentin using tetracycline as the growth marker. The incremental growth lines were observed to be generated at approximately 8-hr intervals in wild-type mice housed under 12:12 hr light-dark conditions. Moreover, the 8-hr rhythmic increments persisted in the wild-type and Bmal1−/− mice housed in constant darkness, where Bmal1−/− mice become behaviorally arrhythmic. These results revealed that the dentinogenesis in mouse molars underlie the ultradian rhythms with around 8-hr periodicity. Further, the circadian clock does not seem to be involved in this process, providing new insight into the mechanisms involved in the tooth growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ono
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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Intestinal Stem Cells Exhibit Conditional Circadian Clock Function. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 11:1287-1301. [PMID: 30428387 PMCID: PMC6235668 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular pacemaker that produces 24-hr physiological cycles known as circadian rhythms. How the clock regulates stem cells is an emerging area of research with many outstanding questions. We tested clock function in vivo at the single cell resolution in the Drosophila intestine, a tissue that is exquisitely sensitive to environmental cues and has circadian rhythms in regeneration. Our results indicate that circadian clocks function in intestinal stem cells and enterocytes but are downregulated during enteroendocrine cell differentiation. Drosophila intestinal cells are principally synchronized by the photoperiod, but intestinal stem cell clocks are highly responsive to signaling pathways that comprise their niche, and we find that the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways positively regulate stem cell circadian clock function. These data reveal that intestinal stem cell circadian rhythms are regulated by cellular signaling and provide insight as to how clocks may be altered during physiological changes such as regeneration and aging. Intestinal epithelial cells have circadian clock function but enteroendocrine cells do not Restricted feeding can entrain circadian clocks in the absence of photoperiod Circadian clock communication exists between intestinal stem cells and enterocytes Notch, Wnt, and Hippo signaling regulate stem cell clock function
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40
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Sengupta S, Tang SY, Devine JC, Anderson ST, Nayak S, Zhang SL, Valenzuela A, Fisher DG, Grant GR, López CB, FitzGerald GA. Circadian control of lung inflammation in influenza infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4107. [PMID: 31511530 PMCID: PMC6739310 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a leading cause of respiratory mortality and morbidity. While inflammation is essential for fighting infection, a balance of anti-viral defense and host tolerance is necessary for recovery. Circadian rhythms have been shown to modulate inflammation. However, the importance of diurnal variability in the timing of influenza infection is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that endogenous rhythms affect survival in influenza infection. Circadian control of influenza infection is mediated by enhanced inflammation as proven by increased cellularity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary transcriptomic profile and histology and is not attributable to viral burden. Better survival is associated with a time dependent preponderance of NK and NKT cells and lower proportion of inflammatory monocytes in the lung. Further, using a series of genetic mouse mutants, we elucidate cellular mechanisms underlying circadian gating of influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Sengupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Soon Y Tang
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Systems Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jill C Devine
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seán T Anderson
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Systems Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Soumyashant Nayak
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alex Valenzuela
- University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Devin G Fisher
- University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory R Grant
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Systems Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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41
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Umemura Y, Maki I, Tsuchiya Y, Koike N, Yagita K. Human Circadian Molecular Oscillation Development Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:525-532. [PMID: 31368392 PMCID: PMC6732938 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419865436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock, which coordinates various physiological functions,
develops gradually during ontogeny. Recently, we have reported the posttranscriptional
suppression of CLOCK protein expression as a key mechanism of the emergence of the
circadian clock during mouse development. However, whether a common mechanism regulates
the development of the human circadian clock remains unclear. In the present study, we
show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have no discernible circadian
molecular oscillation. In addition, in vitro differentiation culture of human iPSCs
required a longer duration than that required in mouse for the emergence of circadian
oscillations. The expression of CLOCK protein in undifferentiated human iPSCs was
posttranscriptionally suppressed despite the expression of CLOCK mRNA,
which is consistent with our previous observations in mouse embryonic stem cells, iPSCs,
and early mouse embryos. These results suggest that CLOCK protein expressions could be
posttranscriptionally suppressed in the early developmental stage not only in mice but
also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Maki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
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42
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Pacelli C, Rotundo G, Lecce L, Menga M, Bidollari E, Scrima R, Cela O, Piccoli C, Cocco T, Vescovi AL, Mazzoccoli G, Rosati J, Capitanio N. Parkin Mutation Affects Clock Gene-Dependent Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112772. [PMID: 31195749 PMCID: PMC6600341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights a tight connection between circadian rhythms, molecular clockworks, and mitochondrial function. In particular, mitochondrial quality control and bioenergetics have been proven to undergo circadian oscillations driven by core clock genes. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. Almost half of the autosomal recessive forms of juvenile parkinsonism have been associated with mutations in the PARK2 gene coding for parkin, shown to be involved in mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial quality control. The aim of this study was to investigate, in fibroblasts from genetic PD patients carrying parkin mutations, the interplay between mitochondrial bioenergetics and the cell autonomous circadian clock. Using two different in vitro synchronization protocols, we demonstrated that normal fibroblasts displayed rhythmic oscillations of both mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activity. Conversely, in fibroblasts obtained from PD patients, a severe damping of the bioenergetic oscillatory patterns was observed. Analysis of the core clock genes showed deregulation of their expression patterns in PD fibroblasts, which was confirmed in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived thereof. The results from this study support a reciprocal interplay between the clockwork machinery and mitochondrial energy metabolism, point to a parkin-dependent mechanism of regulation, and unveil a hitherto unappreciated level of complexity in the pathophysiology of PD and eventually other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giovannina Rotundo
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Lucia Lecce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Eris Bidollari
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Bicocca University of Milan, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cell Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy.
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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A saturated reaction in repressor synthesis creates a daytime dead zone in circadian clocks. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006787. [PMID: 30779745 PMCID: PMC6396941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative feedback loops (NFLs) for circadian clocks include light-responsive reactions that allow the clocks to shift their phase depending on the timing of light signals. Phase response curves (PRCs) for light signals in various organisms include a time interval called a dead zone where light signals cause no phase shift during daytime. Although the importance of the dead zone for robust light entrainment is known, how the dead zone arises from the biochemical reactions in an NFL underlying circadian gene expression rhythms remains unclear. In addition, the observation that the light-responsive reactions in the NFL vary between organisms raises the question as to whether the mechanism for dead zone formation is common or distinct between different organisms. Here we reveal by mathematical modeling that the saturation of a biochemical reaction in repressor synthesis in an NFL is a common mechanism of daytime dead zone generation. If light signals increase the degradation of a repressor protein, as in Drosophila, the saturation of repressor mRNA transcription nullifies the effect of light signals, generating a dead zone. In contrast, if light signals induce the transcription of repressor mRNA, as in mammals, the saturation of repressor translation can generate a dead zone by cancelling the influence of excess amount of mRNA induced by light signals. Each of these saturated reactions is located next to the light-responsive reaction in the NFL, suggesting a design principle for daytime dead zone generation. Light-entrainable circadian clocks form behavioral and physiological rhythms in organisms. The light-entrainment properties of these clocks have been studied by measuring phase shifts caused by light pulses administered at different times. The phase response curves of various organisms include a time window called the dead zone where the phase of the clock does not respond to light pulses. However, the mechanism underlying the dead zone generation remains unclear. We show that the saturation of biochemical reactions in feedback loops for circadian oscillations generates a dead zone. The proposed mechanism is generic, as it functions in different models of the circadian clocks and biochemical oscillators. Our analysis indicates that light-entrainment properties are determined by biochemical reactions at the single-cell level.
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44
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Streuli CH, Meng QJ. Influence of the extracellular matrix on cell-intrinsic circadian clocks. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs207498. [PMID: 30709969 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-autonomous circadian clocks coordinate tissue homeostasis with a 24-hourly rhythm. The molecular circadian clock machinery controls tissue- and cell type-specific sets of rhythmic genes. Disruptions of clock mechanisms are linked to an increased risk of acquiring diseases, especially those associated with aging, metabolic dysfunction and cancer. Despite rapid advances in understanding the cyclic outputs of different tissue clocks, less is known about how the clocks adapt to their local niche within tissues. We have discovered that tissue stiffness regulates circadian clocks, and that this occurs in a cell-type-dependent manner. In this Review, we summarise new work linking the extracellular matrix with differential control of circadian clocks. We discuss how the changes in tissue structure and cellular microenvironment that occur throughout life may impact on the molecular control of circadian cycles. We also consider how altered clocks may have downstream impacts on the acquisition of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Streuli
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research and Manchester Breast Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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45
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Rogers EH, Hunt JA, Pekovic-Vaughan V. Adult stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration around the clock: do impaired stem cell clocks drive age-associated tissue degeneration? Biogerontology 2018; 19:497-517. [PMID: 30374678 PMCID: PMC6223734 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adult stem cell research is a highly prolific area in modern tissue engineering as these cells have significant potential to provide future cellular therapies for the world's increasingly aged population. Cellular therapies require a smart biomaterial to deliver and localise the cell population; protecting and guiding the stem cells toward predetermined lineage-specific pathways. The cells, in turn, can provide protection to biomaterials and increase its longevity. The right combination of stem cells and biomaterials can significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy. Adult stem cells are utilised to target many changes that negatively impact tissue functions with age. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to changes brought about by the ageing process is imperative as ageing leads to many detrimental effects on stem cell activation, maintenance and differentiation. The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timing mechanism that coordinates physiology, metabolism and behavior with the 24 h solar day to provide temporal tissue homeostasis with the external environment. Circadian rhythms deteriorate with age at both the behavioural and molecular levels, leading to age-associated changes in downstream rhythmic tissue physiology in humans and rodent models. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the role of circadian clocks in adult stem cell maintenance, driven by both cell-autonomous and tissue-specific factors, and the mechanisms by which they co-opt various cellular signaling pathways to impose temporal control on stem cell function. Future research investigating pharmacological and lifestyle interventions by which circadian rhythms within adult stem niches can be manipulated will provide avenues for temporally guided cellular therapies and smart biomaterials to ameliorate age-related tissue deterioration and reduce the burden of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve H Rogers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - John A Hunt
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, College Drive, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
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Lin JC. Multi-posttranscriptional regulations lessen the repressive effect of SRPK1 on brown adipogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:503-514. [PMID: 29474929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing has been widely demonstrated to function as pivotal regulation in specifying cellular fates and biological functions. The relative expression or cellular localization of a splicing factor constitutes an important mechanism in spatiotemporal programming of cell- and stage-specific splicing profiles. In this study, results of deep RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses first revealed the reprogrammed splicing profile and reduced expression of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) throughout the development of brown adipose tissue (BAT). A gradual increase in the exon 10-skipped SRPK1 transcript, a potential target of a nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) mechanism, was noted during brown adipogenesis. Elevated RBM4a constituted the regulatory mechanism that led to skipping of SRPK1 exon 10. Moreover, brown adipogenesis-induced upregulation of microRNA (miR)-485 interfered with SRPK1 expression by targeting its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Depletion of endogenous SRPK1 enhanced the development of C3H10T1/2 cells toward brown adipocytes. Taking our results together, multiple post-transcriptional regulations reduced SRPK1 expression, which subsequently affected brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; PhD program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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47
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Single Cell Genetics and Epigenetics in Early Embryo: From Oocyte to Blastocyst. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1068:103-117. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0502-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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48
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Dierickx P, Van Laake LW, Geijsen N. Circadian clocks: from stem cells to tissue homeostasis and regeneration. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:18-28. [PMID: 29258993 PMCID: PMC5757216 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an evolutionarily conserved timekeeper that adapts body physiology to diurnal cycles of around 24 h by influencing a wide variety of processes such as sleep-to-wake transitions, feeding and fasting patterns, body temperature, and hormone regulation. The molecular clock machinery comprises a pathway that is driven by rhythmic docking of the transcription factors BMAL1 and CLOCK on clock-controlled output genes, which results in tissue-specific oscillatory gene expression programs. Genetic as well as environmental perturbation of the circadian clock has been implicated in various diseases ranging from sleep to metabolic disorders and cancer development. Here, we review the origination of circadian rhythms in stem cells and their function in differentiated cells and organs. We describe how clocks influence stem cell maintenance and organ physiology, as well as how rhythmicity affects lineage commitment, tissue regeneration, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Dierickx
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Ohashi M, Umemura Y, Koike N, Tsuchiya Y, Inada Y, Watanabe H, Tanaka T, Minami Y, Ukimura O, Miki T, Tajiri T, Kondoh G, Yamada Y, Yagita K. Disruption of circadian clockwork in in vivo reprogramming-induced mouse kidney tumors. Genes Cells 2017; 23:60-69. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Ohashi
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yutaka Inada
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoichi Minami
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tsuneharu Miki
- Department of Urology; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuro Tajiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA); Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
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