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Han J, Wang Y, Wei P, Lu D, Shan Y. Unveiling the hidden connection: the blood-brain barrier's role in epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1413023. [PMID: 39206290 PMCID: PMC11349696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1413023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal synchronous electrical activity of neurons in the brain. The blood-brain barrier, which is mainly composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and other cell types and is formed by connections between a variety of cells, is the key physiological structure connecting the blood and brain tissue and is critical for maintaining the microenvironment in the brain. Physiologically, the blood-brain barrier controls the microenvironment in the brain mainly by regulating the passage of various substances. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and increased leakage of specific substances, which ultimately leading to weakened cell junctions and abnormal regulation of ion concentrations, have been observed during the development and progression of epilepsy in both clinical studies and animal models. In addition, disruption of the blood-brain barrier increases drug resistance through interference with drug trafficking mechanisms. The changes in the blood-brain barrier in epilepsy mainly affect molecular pathways associated with angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further research on biomarkers is a promising direction for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongzhi Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Camargo LL, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species in hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6. [PMID: 39048744 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for stroke, heart disease and chronic kidney disease. Multiple interacting factors and organ systems increase blood pressure and cause target-organ damage. Among the many molecular elements involved in the development of hypertension are reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influence cellular processes in systems that contribute to blood pressure elevation (such as the cardiovascular, renal, immune and central nervous systems, or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system). Dysregulated ROS production (oxidative stress) is a hallmark of hypertension in humans and experimental models. Of the many ROS-generating enzymes, NADPH oxidases are the most important in the development of hypertension. At the cellular level, ROS influence signalling pathways that define cell fate and function. Oxidative stress promotes aberrant redox signalling and cell injury, causing endothelial dysfunction, vascular damage, cardiovascular remodelling, inflammation and renal injury, which are all important in both the causes and consequences of hypertension. ROS scavengers reduce blood pressure in almost all experimental models of hypertension; however, clinical trials of antioxidants have yielded mixed results. In this Review, we highlight the latest advances in the understanding of the role and the clinical implications of ROS in hypertension. We focus on cellular sources of ROS, molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and alterations in redox signalling in organ systems, and their contributions to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Kumar Saini S, Singh D. Mitochondrial mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Unravelling the intricacies. Mitochondrion 2024; 77:101883. [PMID: 38631511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a major contributor to physical impairments and premature death worldwide. The available reperfusion therapies for stroke in the form of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis increase the risk of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury due to sudden restoration of blood supply to the ischemic region. The injury is manifested by hemorrhagic transformation, worsening of neurological impairments, cerebral edema, and progression to infarction in surviving patients. A complex network of multiple pathological processes has been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of I-R injury. Primarily, 3 major contributors namely oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial failure have been well studied in I-R injury. A transcription factor, Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a crucial defensive role in resisting the deleterious effects of I-R injury and potentiating the cellular protective mechanisms. In this review, we delve into the critical function of mitochondria and Nrf2 in the context of cerebral I-R injury. We summarized how oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial anomaly contribute to the pathophysiology of I-R injury and further elaborated the role of Nrf2 as a pivotal guardian of cellular integrity. The review further highlighted Nrf2 as a putative therapeutic target for mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebral I-R injury management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar Saini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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Kim JH, Hwang KH, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Kim JM, Lee MY, Cha SK, Lee J. Particulate Matter-Induced Neurotoxicity: Unveiling the Role of NOX4-Mediated ROS Production and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6116. [PMID: 38892302 PMCID: PMC11172693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban air pollution, a significant environmental hazard, is linked to adverse health outcomes and increased mortality across various diseases. This study investigates the neurotoxic effects of particulate matter (PM), specifically PM2.5 and PM10, by examining their role in inducing oxidative stress and subsequent neuronal cell death. We highlight the novel finding that PM increases mitochondrial ROS production via stimulating NOX4 activity, not through its expression level in Neuro-2A cells. Additionally, PMs provoke ROS production via increasing the expression and activity of NOX2 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, implying differential regulation of NOX proteins. This increase in mitochondrial ROS triggers the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), leading to apoptosis through key mediators, including caspase3, BAX, and Bcl2. Notably, the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1) increases at 1 µg/mL of PM2.5, while PM10 triggers an increase from 10 µg/mL. At the same concentration (100 µg/mL), PM2.5 causes 1.4 times higher ROS production and 2.4 times higher NOX4 activity than PM10. The cytotoxic effects induced by PMs were alleviated by NOX inhibitors GKT137831 and Apocynin. In SH-SY5Y cells, both PM types increase ROS and NOX2 levels, leading to cell death, which Apocynin rescues. Variability in NADPH oxidase sources underscores the complexity of PM-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings highlight NOX4-driven ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for mitigating PM-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyu-Hee Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Heon Kim
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hi-Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.K.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea; (J.-M.K.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuy Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
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5
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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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6
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Schiffer TA, Carvalho LRRA, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Wikström P, Carlström M. Specific NOX4 Inhibition Preserves Mitochondrial Function and Dampens Kidney Dysfunction Following Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:489. [PMID: 38671936 PMCID: PMC11047485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden episode of kidney failure which is frequently observed at intensive care units and related to high morbidity/mortality. Although AKI can have many different causes, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the main cause of AKI. Mechanistically, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are involved in the pathophysiology contributing to oxidative stress following IR. Previous reports have indicated that knockout of NOX4 may offer protection in cardiac and brain IR, but there is currently less knowledge about how this could be exploited therapeutically and whether this could have significant protection in IR-induced AKI. Aim: To investigate the hypothesis that a novel and specific NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114) may have therapeutic potential on kidney and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of IR-induced AKI. Methods: Kidneys of male C57BL/6J mice were clamped for 20 min, and the NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114) was administered via osmotic minipump during reperfusion. Following 3 days of reperfusion, kidney function (i.e., glomerular filtration rate, GFR) was calculated from FITC-inulin clearance and mitochondrial function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry. Renal histopathological evaluations (i.e., hematoxylin-eosin) and TUNEL staining were performed for apoptotic evaluation. Results: NOX4 inhibition during reperfusion significantly improved kidney function, as evidenced by a better-maintained GFR (p < 0.05) and lower levels of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05) compared to untreated IR animals. Moreover, IR caused significant tubular injuries that were attenuated by simultaneous NOX4 inhibition (p < 0.01). In addition, the level of renal apoptosis was significantly reduced in IR animals with NOX4 inhibition (p < 0.05). These favorable effects of the NOX4 inhibitor were accompanied by enhanced Nrf2 Ser40 phosphorylation and conserved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by the better-preserved activity of all mitochondrial complexes. Conclusion: Specific NOX4 inhibition, at the time of reperfusion, significantly preserves mitochondrial and kidney function. These novel findings may have clinical implications for future treatments aimed at preventing AKI and related adverse events, especially in high-risk hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
| | | | - Drielle Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Ariela Boeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Per Wikström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
- Glucox Biotech AB, 17997 Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
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7
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Lochhead JJ, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. The role of oxidative stress in blood-brain barrier disruption during ischemic stroke: Antioxidants in clinical trials. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116186. [PMID: 38561092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Occlusion and reperfusion of cerebral blood vessels (i.e., ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to brain cell death and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via oxidative stress. BBB disruption influences the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by contributing to cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and extravasation of circulating neurotoxic proteins. An improved understanding of mechanisms for ROS-associated alterations in BBB function during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to improved treatment paradigms for ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, progress in developing ROS targeted therapeutics that are effective for stroke treatment has been slow. Here, we review how ROS are produced in response to I/R injury, their effects on BBB integrity (i.e., tight junction protein complexes, transporters), and the utilization of antioxidant treatments in ischemic stroke clinical trials. Overall, knowledge in this area provides a strong translational framework for discovery of novel drugs for stroke and/or improved strategies to mitigate I/R injury in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Lochhead
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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8
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Yaribeygi H, Hemmati MA, Nasimi F, Pakdel R, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Empagliflozin alleviates diabetes-induced cognitive impairments by lowering nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 expression and potentiating the antioxidant defense system in brain tissue of diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 460:114830. [PMID: 38141785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes-induced cognitive impairment is a major challenge in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. It has a complicated pathophysiology, but the role of oxidative stress is central. Therefore, the use of antidiabetic drugs with extra-glycemic effects that reduce oxidative damage may be a promising treatment option. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as normal, normal treated, diabetic and diabetic treated (n = 8 per group). Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg). Two treatment groups received empagliflozin for 5 weeks (20 mg/kg/po). Cognitive ability was evaluated using open field, Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and the Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests at study completion. Blood and brain tissue samples were collected - and analysis for malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GLT) content and catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity were performed. Additionally, expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (Nox-4) enzyme in brain tissue was analyzed using RT-PCR. RESULTS STZ increased blood glucose and induced diabetes with oxidative stress by lowering the antioxidant system potency and increasing Nox-4 expression after 5-weeks in brain tissue accompanied by reduction in cognitive performance. Also, diabetes induced anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory in MWM, EPM and open field tests. However, empagliflozin reversed these changes, improving SOD and CAT activity, GLT content and reducing Nox-4 expression and MDA concentration in brain tissue while improving cognitive ability. It reduced anxiety and depression-related activities. It also improved spatial memory in MWM test. CONCLUSION Uncontrolled diabetes negatively impacts mental function and impairs learning and cognitive performance via oxidative stress induction, the Nox-4 enzyme playing a central role. Empagliflozin reverses these effects, improving cognitive ability via promoting the anti-oxidative system and damping Nox-4 free radical generator enzyme expression. Therefore, empagliflozin is a promising treatment, providing both antidiabetic and extra-glycemic benefits for improving brain function in the diabetic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Nasimi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Pakdel
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Ma W, Yang J, Zhang J, He R, Luo Y, Li C, Zhao F, Tao F, Fan J, Yin L, Zhu K, Niu S, Li L. Cerebral protective effect of in situ and remote ischemic postconditioning on ischemic stroke rat via the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Brain Res 2024; 1824:148685. [PMID: 38006988 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients with acute ischemic stroke achieve inadequate benefit due to the short therapeutic window for thrombolysis and the risk of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Ischemic postconditioning induces endogenous cerebral protection for acute ischemic stroke, although the protective mechanisms associated with ischemic postconditioning haven't been well clarified. In present study, the rat models of ischemic cerebral stroke with in situ and remote ischemic postconditioning (ISP and RIP) were established successfully. The Zea Longa and the modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS) were carried out to evaluate neurological function in the rats, while the open field test was explored to estimate their autonomic athletic ability. The 2,3,5-riphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method was used to measure the size of the infarcts. TUNEL and Nissl's staining were used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in the ischemic penumbra, with the expression of TGFβ1, Smad2, and Smad3 in the ischemic penumbra and serum detected by immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR, Western blots, and ELISA analysis. We showed that application of both types of ischemic postconditioning had cerebral protective effects for the ischemic stroke rats, that included effective reduction in the volume of cerebral infarction, alleviation of apoptosis and inflammation in the ischemic penumbra, and promotion of recovery of neurological function. These effects included significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms after RIP intervention that were related to TGFβ1, increased protein levels of TGFβ1 and decreased levels of p-Smad2/3 and smad3 following RIP intervention. We showed that the TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway was associated with the cerebral protection of ischemic postconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinfen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fengping Tao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Luwei Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kewei Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shourui Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Kanner J. Food Polyphenols as Preventive Medicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2103. [PMID: 38136222 PMCID: PMC10740609 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the initiators in foods and in the stomach of oxidized dietary lipids, proteins, and lipid-oxidation end-products (ALEs), inducing in humans the development of several chronic diseases and cancer. Epidemiological, human clinical and animal studies supported the role of dietary polyphenols and derivatives in prevention of development of such chronic diseases. There is much evidence that polyphenols/derivatives at the right timing and concentration, which is critical, acts mostly in the aerobic stomach and generally in the gastrointestinal tract as reducing agents, scavengers of free radicals, trappers of reactive carbonyls, modulators of enzyme activity, generators of beneficial gut microbiota and effectors of cellular signaling. In the blood system, at low concentration, they act as generators of electrophiles and low concentration of H2O2, acting mostly as cellular signaling, activating the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/eNOS pathways and inhibiting the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, inducing the cells, organs and organism for eustress, adaptation and surviving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 7505101, Israel; or
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrtion, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 9190501, Israel
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11
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Okoye CN, Koren SA, Wojtovich AP. Mitochondrial complex I ROS production and redox signaling in hypoxia. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102926. [PMID: 37871533 PMCID: PMC10598411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are a main source of cellular energy. Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major process of aerobic respiration. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC) pump protons to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives OXPHOS. Complex I is an electron entry point into the ETC. Complex I oxidizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and transfers electrons to ubiquinone in a reaction coupled with proton pumping. Complex I also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) under various conditions. The enzymatic activities of complex I can be regulated by metabolic conditions and serves as a regulatory node of the ETC. Complex I ROS plays diverse roles in cell metabolism ranging from physiologic to pathologic conditions. Progress in our understanding indicates that ROS release from complex I serves important signaling functions. Increasing evidence suggests that complex I ROS is important in signaling a mismatch in energy production and demand. In this article, we review the role of ROS from complex I in sensing acute hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Shon A Koren
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew P Wojtovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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12
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Wei L, Li X, Wei Q, Chen L, Xu L, Zhou P. Oxidative Stress-mediated Sprouty-related Protein with an EVH1 Domain 1 Down-regulation Contributes to Resisting Oxidative Injury in Microglia. Neuroscience 2023; 526:13-20. [PMID: 37343716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play an ambiguous role in injury or repair after ischemia-reperfusion, and the induced oxidative stress serves as an important signal, mediates direct toxicity to nerve cells, and eventually simulates complex physiological processes such as activation of microglia to repair the damaged area. Herein, we show that sprouty-related protein with an EVH1 domain 1 (SPRED1) may act as a regulatory node in this phenomenon. The ischemic brain of an ischemia-reperfusion rat model constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) showed an increase in oxidative stress and downregulation of SPRED1 expression. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-simulated oxidative damage exerted a fluctuating regulatory effect on SPRED1 level in BV2 microglia, which is highly consistent with its regulatory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor p65. Interestingly, SPRED1 overexpressed in BV2 cells did not exert any regulatory effect on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, treatment of BV2 cells overexpressing SPRED1 with H2O2 led to significant changes in the above phenomena as well as their viability and apoptosis. In the absence of H2O2 induction, SPRED overexpression alone did not mediate such an effect. These findings indicate that SPRED1 tends to maintain intracellular homeostasis of signals, but the oxidative stress derived from ischemia-reperfusion can easily degrade SPRED1 and consequently re-activate these restricted signals and alter the behavior of microglia. Thus, our study reveals a novel role of SPRED1 in microglia in response to cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qianfeng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
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13
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Boonpraman N, Yoon S, Kim CY, Moon JS, Yi SS. NOX4 as a critical effector mediating neuroinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, specifically in astrocytes in the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102698. [PMID: 37058998 PMCID: PMC10123376 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases with age and causes a redox imbalance, which contributes to the neurotoxicity of PD. Accumulating evidence suggests that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS, especially NOX4, belong to the NOX family and is one of the major isoforms expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), associated with the progression of PD. We have previously shown that NOX4 activation regulates ferroptosis via astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously shown that activation of NOX4 regulates ferroptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. However, it remains unclear why an increase in NOX4 in neurodegenerative diseases leads to astrocyte cell death by certain mediators. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate how NOX4 in the hippocampus is involved in PD by comparing an MPTP-induced PD mouse model compared to human PD patients. We could detect that the hippocampus was dominantly associated with elevated levels of NOX4 and α-synuclein during PD and the neuroinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and osteopontin (OPN), were upregulated particularly in astrocytes. Intriguingly, NOX4 suggested a direct intercorrelation with MPO and OPN in the hippocampus. Upregulation of MPO and OPN induces mitochondrial dysfunction by suppressing five protein complexes in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETC) and increases the level of 4-HNE leading to ferroptosis in human astrocytes. Overall, our findings indicate that the elevation of NOX4 cooperated with the MPO and OPN inflammatory cytokines through mitochondrial aberration in hippocampal astrocytes during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napissara Boonpraman
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Sunmi Yoon
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Chae Young Kim
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang, Cheonan, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Bk21 Four Program, Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Z, Pang X, Wei Y, Chen H, Jin X, Lv Q. Neuroprotective effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury contributes to the oxidative stress suppression and related Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Brain Inj 2023; 37:269-281. [PMID: 36567616 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2158225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke, the cause of death and disability worldwide, is closely related to oxidative stress damage. Chrysanthemum has profound antiantioxidant activity. We aimed to verify whether Chrysanthemum morifolium extract (CME) influences brain injury in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CR/RI) model. METHODS In vitro, rat hippocampal H19-7 neurons were pretreated with CME, CR/RI was simulated with oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). The cell viability, apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malonaldehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity were detected. In vivo, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rats were pre-administered with CME, and then behavioral test, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), ROS immunofluorescence, MDA and SOD activity were tested. Furthermore, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling of CME in CI/RI was investigated. RESULTS In OGD/R induced in H19-7 cells, CME increased OGD/R-induced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis, which was reversed by siNrf2 transfection . In MCAO rats, CME improved the neurological deficits and alleviated brain injury. However, co-treatment with MLK385 counteracted these neuroprotective effects of CME on MCAO rats. CONCLUSION CME could significantly reduce oxidative stress and nerve injury in vitro and in vivo models of CI/RI by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingping Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhong H, Yin Z, Kou B, Shen P, He G, Huang T, Liang J, Huang S, Huang J, Zhou M, Deng R. Therapeutic and adverse effects of adrenaline on patients who suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:24. [PMID: 36635781 PMCID: PMC9835354 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The efficacy and safety of epinephrine in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains controversial. The meta-analysis was used to comprehensively appraise the influence of epinephrine in OHCA patients. METHODS We searched all randomized controlled and cohort studies published by PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from the inception to August 2022 on the prognostic impact of epinephrine on patients with OHCA. Survival to discharge was the primary outcome, while the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and favorable neurological outcome were secondary outcomes. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 18 studies involving 863,952 patients. OHCA patients with adrenaline had an observably improved chance of ROSC (RR 2.81; 95% CI 2.21-3.57; P = 0.001) in randomized controlled studies, but the difference in survival to discharge (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.58-2.78; P = 0.55) and favorable neurological outcomes (RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.90-1.62; P = 0.21) between the two groups was not statistically significant. In cohort studies, the rate of ROSC (RR 1.62; 95% CI 1.14-2.30; P = 0.007) increased significantly with the adrenaline group, while survival to discharge (RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.55-0.98; P = 0.03) and favorable cerebral function (RR 0.42; 95% CI 0.30-0.58; P = 0.001) were lower than the non-adrenaline group. CONCLUSION We found that both the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies showed that adrenaline increased ROSC in OHCA patients. However, they were unable to agree on a long-term prognosis. The cohort studies showed that adrenaline had an adverse effect on the long-term prognosis of OHCA patients (discharge survival rate and good neurological prognosis), but adrenaline had no adverse effect in the RCTs. In addition to the differences in research methods, there are also some potential confounding factors in the included studies. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed to fully confirm the effect of adrenaline on the long-term results of OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China ,Emergency Department, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, 564501 Guizhou China
| | - Zhaohui Yin
- General Surgery Department, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, 564501 Guizhou China
| | - Bojin Kou
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Pei Shen
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Guoli He
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Tingting Huang
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Jing Liang
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Shan Huang
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Manhong Zhou
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China ,Emergency Department, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai, 564501 Guizhou China
| | - Renli Deng
- grid.413390.c0000 0004 1757 6938Nursing department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
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16
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Jiang Z, Wu L, van der Leeden B, van Rossum AC, Niessen HW, Krijnen PA. NOX2 and NOX5 are increased in cardiac microvascular endothelium of deceased COVID-19 patients. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:454-462. [PMID: 36332749 PMCID: PMC9625847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac injury and inflammation are common findings in COVID-19 patients. Autopsy studies have revealed cardiac microvascular endothelial damage and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, indicative of microvascular dysfunction in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a role. We explored whether the ROS producing proteins NOX2, NOX4 and NOX5 are involved in COVID-19-induced cardio-microvascular endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Heart tissue were taken from the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricle of COVID-19 patients (n = 15) and the LV of controls (n = 14) at autopsy. The NOX2-, NOX4-, NOX5- and Nitrotyrosine (NT)-positive intramyocardial blood vessels fractions were quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The LV NOX2+, NOX5+ and NT+ blood vessels fractions in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than in controls. The fraction of NOX4+ blood vessels in COVID-19 patients was comparable with controls. In COVID-19 patients, the fractions of NOX2+, NOX5+ and NT+ vessels did not differ significantly between the LV and RV, and correlated positively between LV and RV in case of NOX5 (r = 0.710; p = 0.006). A negative correlation between NOX5 and NOX2 (r = -0.591; p = 0.029) and between NOX5 and disease time (r = -0.576; p = 0.034) was noted in the LV of COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION We show the induction of NOX2 and NOX5 in the cardiac microvascular endothelium in COVID-19 patients, which may contribute to the previously observed cardio-microvascular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. The exact roles of these NOXes in pathogenesis of COVID-19 however remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Room number L2-111, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linghe Wu
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Britt van der Leeden
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, AUMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C. van Rossum
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, AUMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W.M. Niessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Cardiac Surgery, AUMC, Location AMC and VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A.J. Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Luo H, Guo H, Zhou Y, Fang R, Zhang W, Mei Z. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Friend and Foe. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2079-2096. [PMID: 36892020 PMCID: PMC10556361 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230308090351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, triggers various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and chronic ischemia-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, targeted therapies are urgently needed to address neurological disorders caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), and the emergence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may be able to relieve the pressure. Neutrophils are precursors to brain injury following ischemic stroke and exert complicated functions. NETs extracellularly release reticular complexes of neutrophils, i.e., double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), histones, and granulins. Paradoxically, NETs play a dual role, friend and foe, under different conditions, for example, physiological circumstances, infection, neurodegeneration, and ischemia/reperfusion. Increasing evidence indicates that NETs exert anti-inflammatory effects by degrading cytokines and chemokines through protease at a relatively stable and moderate level under physiological conditions, while excessive amounts of NETs release (NETosis) irritated by CI/RI exacerbate the inflammatory response and aggravate thrombosis, disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and initiates sequential neuron injury and tissue damage. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the machinery of NETs formation and the role of an abnormal cascade of NETs in CI/RI, as well as other ischemia-induced neurological diseases. Herein, we highlight the potential of NETs as a therapeutic target against ischemic stroke that may inspire translational research and innovative clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Hanjing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
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Role of NADPH Oxidases in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101966. [PMID: 36290688 PMCID: PMC9598888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) are one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system (CNS). While these enzymes have been shown to be involved in physiological regulation of cerebral vascular tone, excessive ROS produced by Nox1-5 play a critical role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in numerous neuropathologies. Nox-derived ROS have been implicated in mediating matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activation, downregulation of junctional complexes between adjacent brain endothelial cells and brain endothelial cell apoptosis, leading to brain microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction and consequently, increases in BBB permeability. In this review, we will highlight recent findings on the role played by these enzymes in BBB disruption induced by ischemic stroke.
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19
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Yang X, Yu Y, Wang Z, Wu P, Su X, Wu Z, Gan J, Zhang D. NOX4 has the potential to be a biomarker associated with colon cancer ferroptosis and immune infiltration based on bioinformatics analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968043. [PMID: 36249057 PMCID: PMC9554470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer (CC) is a common tumor, but its pathogenesis is still not well understood. Competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) theory, ferroptosis and tumor immune infiltration may be the mechanisms of the development of cancer. The purpose of the study is to seek genes connected with both immunity and ferroptosis, and provide important molecular basis for early noninvasive diagnosis and immunotherapy of CC. Methods We extracted messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) data of CC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), identified the differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNA), miRNA (DEmiRNA) and lncRNA (DElncRNA), then constructed a ceRNA network. Venn overlap analysis was used to identify genes associated with immunity and ferroptosis in ceRNA network. The expression and prognosis of target genes were analyzed via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and PrognoScan database, and we analysed the related functions and signaling pathways of target genes by enrichment analysis. The correlation between target genes and tumor immune infiltrating was explored by CIBERSORT and spearman correlation analysis. Finally, the expression of target genes was detected via quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) in CC and normal colon tissues. Results Results showed that there were 4 DElncRNA, 4 DEmiRNA and 126 DEmRNA in ceRNA network. NADPH oxidase 4 protein (NOX4) was a DEmRNA associated with immunity and ferroptosis in ceRNA network. NOX4 was highly expressed in CC and connected with unfavourable prognosis. NOX4 was obviously enriched in pathways connected with carcinogenesis and significantly correlated with six kinds of immune cells. Immune checkpoints and NOX4 spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of NOX4 was positively related to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-PDCD1, programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)-CD274 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Conclusions To conclude, our study suggests that NOX4 is associated with both ferroptosis and tumor immunity, and might be a biomarker associated with the carcinogenesis, prognosis of CC and a potential target of CC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingfan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support of the People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Su
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Gan
- Department of general surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dekui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dekui Zhang,
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20
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Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Dysfunction in Hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115263. [PMID: 36174768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of essential hypertension involves several factors. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by endothelial dysfunction, low-grade inflammation and structural remodeling, plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of essential hypertension. Although the mechanistic pathways by which essential hypertension develops are poorly understood, several pharmacological classes available on the clinical settings improve blood pressure by interfering in the cardiac output and/or vascular function. This review is divided in two major sections. The first section depicts the major molecular pathways as renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin, nitric oxide signalling pathway and oxidative stress in the development of vascular dysfunction. The second section describes the role of some pharmacological classes such as i) RAAS inhibitors, ii) dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, iii) endothelin-1 receptor antagonists, iv) soluble guanylate cyclase modulators, v) phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and vi) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the context of hypertension. Some classes are already approved in the treatment of hypertension, but others are not yet approved. However, due to their potential benefits these classes were included.
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21
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Mizutani H, Sato Y, Yamazaki M, Yoshizawa T, Ando Y, Ueda M, Yamagata K. SIRT7 Deficiency Protects against Aβ 42-Induced Apoptosis through the Regulation of NOX4-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Production in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169027. [PMID: 36012298 PMCID: PMC9408927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by irreversible memory loss and cognitive decline. The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ), especially aggregation-prone Aβ42, is considered to be an early event preceding neurodegeneration in AD. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7 in mammals) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent lysine deacetylases/deacylases, and several sirtuins play important roles in AD. However, the involvement of SIRT7 in AD pathogenesis is not known. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT7 mRNA expression is increased in the cortex, entorhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex of AD patients. We also found that Aβ42 treatment rapidly increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression at the post-transcriptional level, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, SIRT7 knockdown inhibited Aβ42-induced ROS production and apoptosis by suppressing the upregulation of NOX4. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibition of SIRT7 may play a beneficial role in AD pathogenesis through the regulation of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mizutani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5068 (Y.S. & K.Y.); Fax: +81-96-364-6940 (Y.S. & K.Y.)
| | - Masaya Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (K.Y.); Tel.: +81-96-373-5068 (Y.S. & K.Y.); Fax: +81-96-364-6940 (Y.S. & K.Y.)
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22
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Massari M, Nicoll CR, Marchese S, Mattevi A, Mascotti ML. Evolutionary and structural analyses of the NADPH oxidase family in eukaryotes reveal an initial calcium dependency. Redox Biol 2022; 56:102436. [PMID: 35998431 PMCID: PMC9421330 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are unstable molecules generated by the partial reduction of dioxygen. NADPH oxidases are a ubiquitous family of enzymes devoted to ROS production. They fuel an array of physiological roles in different species and are chemically demanding enzymes requiring FAD, NADPH and heme prosthetic groups in addition to either calcium or a various number of cytosolic mediators for activity. These activating partners are exclusive components that partition and distinguish the NOX members from one another. To gain insight into the evolution of these activating mechanisms, and in general in their evolutionary history, we conducted an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of the NADPH oxidase family in eukaryotes. We show that all characterized NOXs share a common ancestor, which comprised a fully formed catalytic unit. Regarding the activation mode, we identified calcium-dependency as the earliest form of NOX regulation. The protein-protein mode of regulation would have evolved more recently by gene-duplication with the concomitant loss of the EF-hands motif region. These more recent events generated the diversely activated NOX systems as observed in extant animals and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Massari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Callum R Nicoll
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Marchese
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Mascotti
- Molecular Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG Groningen, the Netherlands; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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23
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Casas AI, Hassan AA, Manz Q, Wiwie C, Kleikers P, Egea J, López MG, List M, Baumbach J, Schmidt HHHW. Un-biased housekeeping gene panel selection for high-validity gene expression analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12324. [PMID: 35853974 PMCID: PMC9296577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential gene expression normalised to a single housekeeping (HK) is used to identify disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. HK gene selection is often arbitrary, potentially introducing systematic error and discordant results. Here we examine these risks in a disease model of brain hypoxia. We first identified the eight most frequently used HK genes through a systematic review. However, we observe that in both ex-vivo and in vivo, their expression levels varied considerably between conditions. When applying these genes to normalise expression levels of the validated stroke target gene, inducible Nox4, we obtained opposing results. As an alternative tool for unbiased HK gene selection, software tools exist but are limited to individual datasets lacking genome-wide search capability and user-friendly interfaces. We, therefore, developed the HouseKeepR algorithm to rapidly analyse multiple gene expression datasets in a disease-specific manner and rank HK gene candidates according to stability in an unbiased manner. Using a panel of de novo top-ranked HK genes for brain hypoxia, but not single genes, Nox4 induction was consistently reproduced. Thus, differential gene expression analysis is best normalised against a HK gene panel selected in an unbiased manner. HouseKeepR is the first user-friendly, bias-free, and broadly applicable tool to automatically propose suitable HK genes in a tissue- and disease-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Casas
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioural Sciences (C-TNBS), University Clinics Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacology & Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ahmed A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Quirin Manz
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wiwie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pamela Kleikers
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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24
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HIF1α: A Novel Biomarker with Potential Prognostic and Immunotherapy in Pan-cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1246267. [PMID: 35860430 PMCID: PMC9289759 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1246267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a catastrophic disease that seriously affects human health. HIF1α plays an important role in cancer initiation, progression, and prognosis. However, little is known about the specific role of HIF1α in pan-cancer. Therefore, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed HIF1α using GEPIA, HPA, GeneMANIA, STRING, SMPDB, cBioPortal, UALCAN, and TISDB databases and also 33 cancer and normal tissues in TCGA downloaded from the Genome Data Commons (GDC) data portal. Data and statistical analysis were performed using R software v4.0.3. Our results found that there were differences in the mRNA expression levels of HIF1α in human pan-cancer and its corresponding normal tissues. The expression level of HIF1α correlated with tumor stage in LIHC and also significantly correlated with prognosis in LIHC, LUSC, STAD, OV, PAAD, PRAD, THCA, LUAD, MESO, and READ. The small molecule pathways involved in HIF1α include succinate signaling, fumarate, and succinate carcinogenesis-related pathways. The highest mutation frequency of the HIF1α gene in pan-cancer was head and neck cancer, and the HIF1α methylation level in most tumors is significantly reduced. HIF1α was not only associated with immune cell infiltration but also with immune checkpoint genes and immune regulators TMB and MSI. There were currently 5 small molecule drugs targeting HIF1α.
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25
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Zhang L, Ma J, Yang F, Li S, Ma W, Chang X, Yang L. Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin on Ischemic Stroke: A Literature Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854249. [PMID: 35662707 PMCID: PMC9158527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high recurrence and disability; however, its therapies are very limited. As one of the effective methods of treating acute attacks of IS, intravenous thrombolysis has a clear time window. Quercetin, a flavonoid widely found in vegetables and fruits, inhibits immune cells from secreting inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing platelet aggregation and limiting inflammatory thrombosis. In pre-clinical studies, it has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in patients with ischemic brain injury. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unknown. Therefore, this review aims to use published data to elucidate the potential value of quercetin in patients with ischemic brain injury. This article also reviews the plant sources, pharmacological effects, and metabolic processes of quercetin in vivo, thus focusing on its mechanism in inhibiting immune cell activation and inflammatory thrombosis as well as promoting neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingying Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sishi Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wangran Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiang Chang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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26
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Ma W, Zhu K, Yin L, Yang J, Zhang J, Wu H, Liu K, Li C, Liu W, Guo J, Li L. Effects of ischemic postconditioning and long non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14799-14814. [PMID: 36420646 PMCID: PMC9704383 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of disability and death among adults in China, and acute ischemic stroke accounts for 80% of cases. The key to ischemic stroke treatment is to recanalize the blocked blood vessels. However, more than 90% of patients cannot receive effective treatment within an appropriate time, and delayed recanalization of blood vessels causes reperfusion injury. Recent research has revealed that ischemic postconditioning has a neuroprotective effect on the brain, but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have previously been associated with ischemic reperfusion injury in ischemic stroke. LncRNAs regulate important cellular and molecular events through a variety of mechanisms, but a comprehensive analysis of potential lncRNAs involved in the brain protection produced by ischemic postconditioning has not been conducted. In this review, we summarize the common mechanisms of cerebral injury in ischemic stroke and the effect of ischemic postconditioning, and we describe the potential mechanisms of some lncRNAs associated with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kewei Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Luwei Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinfen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuangpin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China,Jianhui Guo Second Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan, China
| | - Liyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China,CONTACT Liyan Li Institute of Neurosicence, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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27
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NADPH oxidase-induced activation of transforming growth factor-beta-1 causes neuropathy by suppressing antioxidant signaling pathways in alcohol use disorder. Neuropharmacology 2022; 213:109136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Oxidative Injury in Ischemic Stroke: A Focus on NADPH Oxidase 4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1148874. [PMID: 35154560 PMCID: PMC8831073 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1148874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is urgent to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms and find new therapeutic strategies for its successful treatment. The relationship between oxidative stress and ischemic stroke is increasingly appreciated and attracting considerable attention. ROS serves as a source of oxidative stress. It is a byproduct of mitochondrial metabolism but primarily a functional product of NADPH oxidases (NOX) family members. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is most closely related to the formation of ROS during ischemic stroke. Its expression is significantly upregulated after cerebral ischemia, making it a promising target for treating ischemic stroke. Several drugs targeting NOX4, such as SCM-198, Iso, G-Rb1, betulinic acid, and electroacupuncture, have shown efficacy as treatments of ischemic stroke. MTfp-NOX4 POC provides a novel insight for the treatment of stroke. Combinations of these therapies also provide new approaches for the therapy of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the subcellular location, expression, and pathophysiological mechanisms of NOX4 in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies and related regulatory mechanisms for treating ischemic stroke. We further comment on the shortcomings of current NOX4-targeted therapy studies and the direction for improvement.
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29
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Han E, Kong T, You JS, Park I, Park G, Lee S, Chung SP. Effect of Prehospital Epinephrine on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:187-194. [PMID: 35083905 PMCID: PMC8819407 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A pilot project using epinephrine at the scene under medical control is currently underway in Korea. This study aimed to determine whether prehospital epinephrine administration is associated with improved survival and neurological outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who received epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective observational study used a nationwide multicenter OHCA registry. Patients were classified into two groups according to whether they received epinephrine at the scene or not. The associations between prehospital epinephrine use and outcomes were assessed using propensity score (PS)-matched analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using PS matching. The same analysis was repeated for the subgroup of patients with non-shockable rhythm. RESULTS PS matching was performed for 1084 patients in each group. Survival to discharge was significantly decreased in the patients who received prehospital epinephrine [odds ratio (OR) 0.415, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.250-0.670, p<0.001]. However, no statistical significance was observed for good neurological outcome (OR 0.548, 95% CI 0.258-1.123, p=0.105). For the patient subgroup with non-shockable rhythm, prehospital epinephrine was also associated with lower survival to discharge (OR 0.514, 95% CI 0.306-0.844, p=0.010), but not with neurological outcome (OR 0.709, 95% CI 0.323-1.529, p=0.382). CONCLUSION Prehospital epinephrine administration was associated with decreased survival rates in OHCA patients but not statistically associated with neurological outcome in this PS-matched analysis. Further research is required to investigate the reason for the detrimental effect of epinephrine administered at the scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Sung You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Incheol Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goeun Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Medical Research Center, Yousei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujee Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Medical Research Center, Yousei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Phil Chung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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30
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Luengo E, Trigo-Alonso P, Fernández-Mendívil C, Nuñez Á, Campo MD, Porrero C, García-Magro N, Negredo P, Senar S, Sánchez-Ramos C, Bernal JA, Rábano A, Hoozemans J, Casas AI, Schmidt HHHW, López MG. Implication of type 4 NADPH oxidase (NOX4) in tauopathy. Redox Biol 2022; 49:102210. [PMID: 34922273 PMCID: PMC8686076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of the microtubule-associated protein tau are a common marker of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed as tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. Therapeutic strategies based on tau have failed in late stage clinical trials, suggesting that tauopathy may be the consequence of upstream causal mechanisms. As increasing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may trigger protein aggregation or modulate protein degradation and, we had previously shown that the ROS producing enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a major contributor to cellular autotoxicity, this study was designed to evaluate if NOX4 is implicated in tauopathy. Our results show that NOX4 is upregulated in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration and AD patients and, in a humanized mouse model of tauopathy induced by AVV-TauP301L brain delivery. Both, global knockout and neuronal knockdown of the Nox4 gene in mice, diminished the accumulation of pathological tau and positively modified established tauopathy by a mechanism that implicates modulation of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and, consequently, improving the macroautophagy flux. Moreover, neuronal-targeted NOX4 knockdown was sufficient to reduce neurotoxicity and prevent cognitive decline, even after induction of tauopathy, suggesting a direct and causal role for neuronal NOX4 in tauopathy. Thus, NOX4 is a previously unrecognized causative, mechanism-based target in tauopathies and blood-brain barrier permeable specific NOX4 inhibitors could have therapeutic potential even in established disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Luengo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Trigo-Alonso
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Nuñez
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Del Campo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, San Pablo CEU University, Montepríncipe, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - César Porrero
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Magro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Senar
- Dr. Target Machine Learning. Calle Alejo Carpentier 13, Alcala de Henares, 28806, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Ramos
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Department of Neuropathology and Tissue Bank, Unidad de Investigación Proyecto Alzheimer, Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeroen Hoozemans
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Casas
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, Maastricht Center for Systems Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Wu Q, Gurpinar A, Roberts M, Camelliti P, Ruggieri MR, Wu C. Identification of the NADPH Oxidase (Nox) Subtype and the Source of Superoxide Production in the Micturition Centre. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:183. [PMID: 35205049 PMCID: PMC8868587 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative inflammatory damage to specialised brain centres may lead to dysfunction of their associated peripheral organs, such as the bladder. However, the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific brain regions that regulate bladder function is poorly understood. Of all ROS-generating enzymes, the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family produces ROS as its sole function and offers an advantage over other enzymes as a drug-targetable molecule to selectively control excessive ROS. We investigated whether the Nox 2 subtype is expressed in the micturition regulatory periaqueductal gray (PAG) and Barrington's nucleus (pontine micturition centre, PMC) and examined Nox-derived ROS production in these structures. C57BL/6J mice were used; PAG, PMC, cardiac tissue, and aorta were isolated. Western blot determined Nox 2 expression. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence quantified real-time superoxide production. Western blot experiments demonstrated the presence of Nox 2 in PAG and PMC. There was significant NADPH-dependent superoxide production in both brain tissues, higher than that in cardiac tissue. Superoxide generation in these brain tissues was significantly suppressed by the Nox inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and also reduced by the Nox-2 specific inhibitor GSK2795039, comparable to aorta. These data provide the first evidence for the presence of Nox 2 and Nox-derived ROS production in micturition centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ayse Gurpinar
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Maxwell Roberts
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Michael R Ruggieri
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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Xiao R, Wang S, Guo J, Liu S, Ding A, Wang G, Li W, Zhang Y, Bian X, Zhao S, Qiu W. Ferroptosis-related gene NOX4, CHAC1 and HIF1A are valid biomarkers for stomach adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1183-1193. [PMID: 35023280 PMCID: PMC8831942 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology and diseases including cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify a ferroptosis‐related gene prognostic signature for stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) by systematic analysis of transcriptional profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GEO and a clinical cohort from our centre. We developed a predictive model based on three ferroptosis‐related genes (CHAC1, NOX4andHIF1A), gene expression data and corresponding clinical outcomes were obtained from the TCGA database, and the reliability of this model was verified with GSE15459 and 51 queues in our centre. ROC curve showed better predictive ability using the risk score. Immune cell enrichment analysis demonstrated that the types of immune cells and their expression levels in the high‐risk group were significantly different from those in the low‐risk group. The experimental results confirmed that NOX4 was upregulated and CHAC1 was downregulated in the STAD tissues compared with the normal stomach mucosal tissues (p < 0.05). In sum, the ferroptosis‐related gene signature can accurately predict the outcomes of patients with STAD, providing valuable insights for personalized treatment. As the signature also has relevance to the immune characteristics, it may help improve the efficacy of personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Xiao
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gongjun Wang
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Bian
- Department of Medcine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Network pharmacology: curing causal mechanisms instead of treating symptoms. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:136-150. [PMID: 34895945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For complex diseases, most drugs are highly ineffective, and the success rate of drug discovery is in constant decline. While low quality, reproducibility issues, and translational irrelevance of most basic and preclinical research have contributed to this, the current organ-centricity of medicine and the 'one disease-one target-one drug' dogma obstruct innovation in the most profound manner. Systems and network medicine and their therapeutic arm, network pharmacology, revolutionize how we define, diagnose, treat, and, ideally, cure diseases. Descriptive disease phenotypes are replaced by endotypes defined by causal, multitarget signaling modules that also explain respective comorbidities. Precise and effective therapeutic intervention is achieved by synergistic multicompound network pharmacology and drug repurposing, obviating the need for drug discovery and speeding up clinical translation.
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Oxidative Stress in the Brain: Basic Concepts and Treatment Strategies in Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121886. [PMID: 34942989 PMCID: PMC8698986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of free radicals is inevitably associated with metabolism and other enzymatic processes. Under physiological conditions, however, free radicals are effectively eliminated by numerous antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between the production and elimination of free radicals under pathological conditions. Oxidative stress is also associated with ageing. The brain is prone to oxidative damage because of its high metabolic activity and high vulnerability to ischemic damage. Oxidative stress, thus, plays a major role in the pathophysiology of both acute and chronic pathologies in the brain, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this article is to summarize the basic concepts of oxidative stress and its significance in brain pathologies, as well as to discuss treatment strategies for dealing with oxidative stress in stroke.
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Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
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36
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Kelmanson IV, Shokhina AG, Kotova DA, Pochechuev MS, Ivanova AD, Kostyuk AI, Panova AS, Borodinova AA, Solotenkov MA, Stepanov EA, Raevskii RI, Moshchenko AA, Pak VV, Ermakova YG, van Belle GJC, Tarabykin V, Balaban PM, Fedotov IV, Fedotov AB, Conrad M, Bogeski I, Katschinski DM, Doeppner TR, Bähr M, Zheltikov AM, Belousov VV, Bilan DS. In vivo dynamics of acidosis and oxidative stress in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke in a rodent model. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102178. [PMID: 34773835 PMCID: PMC8600061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in humans. However, molecular processes underlying the development of this pathology remain poorly understood. There are major gaps in our understanding of metabolic changes that occur in the brain tissue during the early stages of ischemia and reperfusion. In particular, it is generally accepted that both ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress which is one of the main drivers of the pathology, although ROS generation during I/R was never demonstrated in vivo due to the lack of suitable methods. In the present study, we record for the first time the dynamics of intracellular pH and H2O2 during I/R in cultured neurons and during experimental stroke in rats using the latest generation of genetically encoded biosensors SypHer3s and HyPer7. We detect a buildup of powerful acidosis in the brain tissue that overlaps with the ischemic core from the first seconds of pathogenesis. At the same time, no significant H2O2 generation was found in the acute phase of ischemia/reperfusion. HyPer7 oxidation in the brain was detected only 24 h later. Comparison of in vivo experiments with studies on cultured neurons under I/R demonstrates that the dynamics of metabolic processes in these models significantly differ, suggesting that a cell culture is a poor predictor of metabolic events in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina G Shokhina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Panova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Borodinova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Maxim A Solotenkov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Stepanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Roman I Raevskii
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeriy V Pak
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
| | - Gijsbert J C van Belle
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Viktor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Pavel M Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Ilya V Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany; Istanbul Medipol University, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Dept. of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; Kazan Quantum Center, A.N. Tupolev Kazan National Research Technical University, Kazan, 420126, Russia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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Sartini S, Massobrio L, Cutuli O, Campodonico P, Bernini C, Sartini M, Cristina ML, Castellani L, Ceschi L, Spadaro M, Gratarola A, Barbera P. Role of SatO2, PaO2/FiO2 Ratio and PaO2 to Predict Adverse Outcome in COVID-19: A Retrospective, Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11534. [PMID: 34770046 PMCID: PMC8582831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 respiratory failure is a life-threatening condition. Oxygenation targets were evaluated in a non-ICU setting. In this retrospective, observational study, we enrolled all patients admitted to the University Hospital of Genoa, Italy, between 1 February and 31 May 2020 with an RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2. PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and SatO2% were collected and analyzed at time 0 and in case of admission, patients who required or not C-PAP (groups A and B) were categorized. Each measurement was correlated to adverse outcome. A total of 483 patients were enrolled, and 369 were admitted to hospital. Of these, 153 required C-PAP and 266 had an adverse outcome. Patients with PaO2 <60 and >100 had a higher rate of adverse outcome at time 0, in groups A and B (OR 2.52, 3.45, 2.01, respectively). About the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, the OR for < 300 was 3.10 at time 0, 4.01 in group A and 4.79 in group B. Similar odds were found for < 200 in any groups and < 100 except for group B (OR 11.57). SatO2 < 94% showed OR 1.34, 3.52 and 19.12 at time 0, in groups A and B, respectively. PaO2 < 60 and >100, SatO2 < 94% and PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 300 showed at least two- to three-fold correlation to adverse outcome. This may provide simple but clear targets for clinicians facing COVID-19 respiratory failure in a non ICU-setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sartini
- Emergency Medicine Department, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.S.); (L.M.); (O.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Laura Massobrio
- Emergency Medicine Department, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.S.); (L.M.); (O.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Ombretta Cutuli
- Emergency Medicine Department, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.S.); (L.M.); (O.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Campodonico
- Emergency Medicine Department, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.S.); (L.M.); (O.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Cristina Bernini
- Emergency Medicine Department, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.S.); (L.M.); (O.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Marina Sartini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Cristina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Hospital Hygiene, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Castellani
- Emergency Medicine Post-Graduate School, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Ludovica Ceschi
- Emergency Medicine Post-Graduate School, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marzia Spadaro
- Emergency Medicine Post-Graduate School, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.C.); (L.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Angelo Gratarola
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Barbera
- Emergency Medicine Department, San Martino Policlinic University Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.S.); (L.M.); (O.C.); (P.C.); (C.B.); (P.B.)
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38
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Archie SR, Al Shoyaib A, Cucullo L. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in CNS Disorders and Putative Therapeutic Targets: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111779. [PMID: 34834200 PMCID: PMC8622070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental component of the central nervous system (CNS). Its functional and structural integrity is vital to maintain the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment by controlling the passage of substances and regulating the trafficking of immune cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB is primarily composed of highly specialized microvascular endothelial cells. These cells’ special features and physiological properties are acquired and maintained through the concerted effort of hemodynamic and cellular cues from the surrounding environment. This complex multicellular system, comprising endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and neurons, is known as the neurovascular unit (NVU). The BBB strictly controls the transport of nutrients and metabolites into brain parenchyma through a tightly regulated transport system while limiting the access of potentially harmful substances via efflux transcytosis and metabolic mechanisms. Not surprisingly, a disruption of the BBB has been associated with the onset and/or progression of major neurological disorders. Although the association between disease and BBB disruption is clear, its nature is not always evident, specifically with regard to whether an impaired BBB function results from the pathological condition or whether the BBB damage is the primary pathogenic factor prodromal to the onset of the disease. In either case, repairing the barrier could be a viable option for treating and/or reducing the effects of CNS disorders. In this review, we describe the fundamental structure and function of the BBB in both healthy and altered/diseased conditions. Additionally, we provide an overview of the potential therapeutic targets that could be leveraged to restore the integrity of the BBB concomitant to the treatment of these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (S.R.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (S.R.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-248-370-3884; Fax: +1-248-370-4060
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Fang J, Sheng R, Qin ZH. NADPH Oxidases in the Central Nervous System: Regional and Cellular Localization and the Possible Link to Brain Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:951-973. [PMID: 34293949 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The significant role of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) in signal transduction is mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of some neurologic and psychiatric diseases is regulated by ROS, acting as a second messenger or pathogen. Recent Advances: In the CNS, the involvement of Nox-derived ROS has been implicated in the regulation of multiple signals, including cell survival/apoptosis, neuroinflammation, migration, differentiation, proliferation, and synaptic plasticity, as well as the integrity of the blood/brain barrier. In these processes, the intracellular signals mediated by the members of the Nox family vary among different tissues. The present review illuminates the regions and cellular, subcellular localization of Nox isoforms in the brain, the signal transduction, and the role of NOX enzymes in pathophysiology, respectively. Critical Issues: Different signal transduction cascades are coupled to ROS derived from various Nox homologues with varying degrees. Therefore, a critical issue worth noting is the varied role of the homologues of NOX enzymes in different signaling pathways and also they mediate different phenotypes in the diverse pathophysiological condition. This substantiates the effectiveness of selective Nox inhibitors in the CNS. Future Directions: Further investigation to elucidate the role of various homologues of NOX enzymes in acute and chronic brain diseases and signaling mechanisms, and the development of more specific NOX inhibitors for the treatment of CNS disease are urgently needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 951-973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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40
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Yuan S, Hahn SA, Miller MP, Sanker S, Calderon MJ, Sullivan M, Dosunmu-Ogunbi AM, Fazzari M, Li Y, Reynolds M, Wood KC, St Croix CM, Stolz D, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Navas P, Shiva S, Schopfer FJ, Pagano PJ, Straub AC. Cooperation between CYB5R3 and NOX4 via coenzyme Q mitigates endothelial inflammation. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102166. [PMID: 34656824 PMCID: PMC8577475 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) regulates endothelial inflammation by producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to a lesser extent O2•-. The ratio of NOX4-derived H2O2 and O2•- can be altered by coenzyme Q (CoQ) mimics. Therefore, we hypothesize that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3), a CoQ reductase abundant in vascular endothelial cells, regulates inflammatory activation. To examine endothelial CYB5R3 in vivo, we created tamoxifen-inducible endothelium-specific Cyb5r3 knockout mice (R3 KO). Radiotelemetry measurements of systolic blood pressure showed systemic hypotension in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) challenged mice, which was exacerbated in R3 KO mice. Meanwhile, LPS treatment caused greater endothelial dysfunction in R3 KO mice, evaluated by acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the isolated aorta, accompanied by elevated mRNA expression of vascular adhesion molecule 1 (Vcam-1). Similarly, in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), LPS and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induced VCAM-1 protein expression was enhanced by Cyb5r3 siRNA, which was ablated by silencing the Nox4 gene simultaneously. Moreover, super-resolution confocal microscopy indicated mitochondrial co-localization of CYB5R3 and NOX4 in HAECs. APEX2-based electron microscopy and proximity biotinylation also demonstrated CYB5R3's localization on the mitochondrial outer membrane and its interaction with NOX4, which was further confirmed by the proximity ligation assay. Notably, Cyb5r3 knockdown HAECs showed less total H2O2 but more mitochondrial O2•-. Using inactive or non-membrane bound active CYB5R3, we found that CYB5R3 activity and membrane translocation are needed for optimal generation of H2O2 by NOX4. Lastly, cells lacking the CoQ synthesizing enzyme COQ6 showed decreased NOX4-derived H2O2, indicating a requirement for endogenous CoQ in NOX4 activity. In conclusion, CYB5R3 mitigates endothelial inflammatory activation by assisting in NOX4-dependent H2O2 generation via CoQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan P Miller
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Subramaniam Sanker
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Calderon
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mara Sullivan
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Atinuke M Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yao Li
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Reynolds
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Donna Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain, Spain
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Intermittent Hypoxia Alters the Circadian Expression of Clock Genes in Mouse Brain and Liver. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101627. [PMID: 34681021 PMCID: PMC8535273 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At least one-third of adults in the United States experience intermittent hypoxia (IH) due to health or living conditions. The majority of these adults suffer with sleep breathing conditions and associated circadian rhythm disorders. The impact of IH on the circadian clock is not well characterized. In the current study, we used an IH mouse model to understand the impact of IH on the circadian gene expression of the canonical clock genes in the central (the brain) and peripheral (the liver) tissues. Gene expression was measured using a Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). CircaCompare was used to evaluate the differential rhythmicity between normoxia and IH. Our observations suggested that the circadian clock in the liver was less sensitive to IH compared to the circadian clock in the brain.
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Vittal Rao H, Bihaqi SW, Iannucci J, Sen A, Grammas P. Thrombin Signaling Contributes to High Glucose-Induced Injury of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:211-224. [PMID: 33252072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the strongest disease-related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In diabetics, hyperglycemia-induced microvascular complications are the major cause of end-organ injury, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular pathology is also an important and early feature of AD. The cerebral microvasculature may be a point of convergence of both diseases. Several lines of evidence also implicate thrombin in AD as well as in diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the role of thrombin in glucose-induced brain microvascular endothelial injury. METHODS Cultured Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were treated with 30 mM glucose±100 nM thrombin and±250 nM Dabigatran or inhibitors of PAR1, p38MAPK, MMP2, or MMP9. Cytotoxicity and thrombin activity assays on supernatants and western blotting for protein expression in lysates were performed. RESULTS reatment of HBMVECs with 30 mM glucose increased thrombin activity and expression of inflammatory proteins TNFα, IL-6, and MMPs 2 and 9; this elevation was reduced by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Direct treatment of brain endothelial cells with thrombin upregulated p38MAPK and CREB, and induced TNFα, IL6, MMP2, and MMP9 as well as oxidative stress proteins NOX4 and iNOS. Inhibition of thrombin, thrombin receptor PAR1 or p38MAPK decrease expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins, implying that thrombin may play a central role in glucose-induced endothelial injury. CONCLUSION Since preventing brain endothelial injury would preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, prevent neuroinflammation, and retain intact functioning of the neurovascular unit, inhibiting thrombin, or its downstream signaling effectors, could be a therapeutic strategy for mitigating diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Vittal Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Paula Grammas
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Ling X, Lu J, Yang J, Qin H, Zhao X, Zhou P, Zheng S, Zhu P. Non-Coding RNAs: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:680210. [PMID: 34566835 PMCID: PMC8456115 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.680210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paralysis or paraplegia caused by transient or permanent spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury (SCIRI) remains one of the most devastating post-operative complications after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery, even though perioperative strategies and surgical techniques continue to improve. Uncovering the molecular and cellular pathophysiological processes in SCIRI has become a top priority. Recently, the expression, function, and mechanism of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in various diseases have drawn wide attention. Non-coding RNAs contain a variety of biological functions but do not code for proteins. Previous studies have shown that ncRNAs play a critical role in SCIRI. However, the character of ncRNAs in attenuating SCIRI has not been systematically summarized. This review article will be the first time to assemble the knowledge of ncRNAs regulating apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress to attenuate SCIRI. A better understanding of the functional significance of ncRNAs following SCIRI could help us to identify novel therapeutic targets and develop potential therapeutic strategies. All the current research about the function of nRNAs in SCIRI will be summarized one by one in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingqi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li J, Zheng M, Shimoni O, Banks WA, Bush AI, Gamble JR, Shi B. Development of Novel Therapeutics Targeting the Blood-Brain Barrier: From Barrier to Carrier. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101090. [PMID: 34085418 PMCID: PMC8373165 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized neurovascular unit, initially described as an intact barrier to prevent toxins, pathogens, and potentially harmful substances from entering the brain. An intact BBB is also critical for the maintenance of normal neuronal function. In cerebral vascular diseases and neurological disorders, the BBB can be disrupted, contributing to disease progression. While restoration of BBB integrity serves as a robust biomarker of better clinical outcomes, the restrictive nature of the intact BBB presents a major hurdle for delivery of therapeutics into the brain. Recent studies show that the BBB is actively engaged in crosstalk between neuronal and the circulatory systems, which defines another important role of the BBB: as an interfacing conduit that mediates communication between two sides of the BBB. This role has been subject to extensive investigation for brain-targeted drug delivery and shows promising results. The dual roles of the BBB make it a unique target for drug development. Here, recent developments and novel strategies to target the BBB for therapeutic purposes are reviewed, from both barrier and carrier perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of PharmacyHenan UniversityKaifeng475001China
- Centre for Motor Neuron DiseaseDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales2109Australia
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan‐Macquarie University Joint Center for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
| | - Olga Shimoni
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and DevicesSchool of Mathematical and Physical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWA98108USA
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research CenterThe Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Center for the EndotheliumVascular Biology ProgramCentenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2042Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- School of PharmacyHenan UniversityKaifeng475001China
- Centre for Motor Neuron DiseaseDepartment of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South Wales2109Australia
- Henan‐Macquarie University Joint Center for Biomedical InnovationSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
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Zhang Y, Warden AR, Ahmad KZ, Liu Y, He X, Zheng M, Huo X, Zhi X, Ke Y, Li H, Yan S, Su W, Cai D, Ding X. Single-Cell Microwell Platform Reveals Circulating Neural Cells as a Clinical Indicator for Patients with Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. RESEARCH 2021; 2021:9873545. [PMID: 34327332 PMCID: PMC8285994 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9873545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system diseases commonly occur with the destruction of the blood-brain barrier. As a primary cause of morbidity and mortality, stroke remains unpredictable and lacks cellular biomarkers that accurately quantify its occurrence and development. Here, we identify NeuN+/CD45−/DAPI+ phenotype nonblood cells in the peripheral blood of mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and stroke patients. Since NeuN is a specific marker of neural cells, we term these newly identified cells as circulating neural cells (CNCs). We find that the enumeration of CNCs in the blood is significantly associated with the severity of brain damage in MCAO mice (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the number of CNCs is significantly higher in stroke patients than in negative subjects (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the amount of CNCs in circulation may serve as a clinical indicator for the real-time prognosis and progression monitor of the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke and other nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Antony R Warden
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Khan Zara Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xijun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Chuan'an Nan Road, Chengxi Subdistrict, Wenling, 317500 Zhejiang, China
| | - Minqiao Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Chuan'an Nan Road, Chengxi Subdistrict, Wenling, 317500 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinlong Huo
- Department of Neurology, Wenling Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Chuan'an Nan Road, Chengxi Subdistrict, Wenling, 317500 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuqing Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sijia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenqiong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Deng Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Role of Polyphenols as Antioxidant Supplementation in Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5471347. [PMID: 34257802 PMCID: PMC8253632 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5471347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death globally and the leading cause of death in China. The pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia injury is complex, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the fundamental pathologic progression of cerebral damage in ischemic stroke. Previous studies have preliminarily confirmed that oxidative stress should be a potential therapeutic target and antioxidant as a treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Emerging experimental studies have demonstrated that polyphenols exert the antioxidant potential to play the neuroprotection role after ischemic stroke. This comprehensive review summarizes antioxidant effects of some polyphenols, which have the most inhibition effects on reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress after ischemic stroke.
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Szekeres FLM, Walum E, Wikström P, Arner A. A small molecule inhibitor of Nox2 and Nox4 improves contractile function after ischemia-reperfusion in the mouse heart. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11970. [PMID: 34099836 PMCID: PMC8184855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase enzymes Nox2 and 4, are important generators of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). These enzymes are abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes and have been implicated in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Previous attempts with full inhibition of their activity using genetically modified animals have shown variable results, suggesting that a selective and graded inhibition could be a more relevant approach. We have, using chemical library screening, identified a new compound (GLX481304) which inhibits Nox 2 and 4 (with IC50 values of 1.25 µM) without general antioxidant effects or inhibitory effects on Nox 1. The compound inhibits ROS production in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes and improves cardiomyocyte contractility and contraction of whole retrogradely (Langendorff) perfused hearts after a global ischemia period. We conclude that a pharmacological and partial inhibition of ROS production by inhibition of Nox 2 and 4 is beneficial for recovery after ischemia reperfusion and might be a promising venue for treatment of ischemic injury to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc L M Szekeres
- Division of Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Biomedicine, Department of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen 1, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Erik Walum
- Glucox Biotech AB, Frälsegårdsvägen 8, 179 97, Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Per Wikström
- Glucox Biotech AB, Frälsegårdsvägen 8, 179 97, Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Division of Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers Väg 8, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Thoracic Surgery, Lund University, c/o Igelösa Life Science AB Igelösa 373, 225 94, Lund, Sweden
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Pan J, Lao L, Shen J, Huang S, Zhang T, Fan W, Yan M, Gu J, Liu W. Utility of serum NOX4 as a potential prognostic biomarker for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Baek SJ, Hammock BD, Hwang IK, Li Q, Moustaid-Moussa N, Park Y, Safe S, Suh N, Yi SS, Zeldin DC, Zhong Q, Bradbury JA, Edin ML, Graves JP, Jung HY, Jung YH, Kim MB, Kim W, Lee J, Li H, Moon JS, Yoo ID, Yue Y, Lee JY, Han HJ. Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop. Nutrients 2021; 13:1881. [PMID: 34072678 PMCID: PMC8227583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic and chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, inflammation-related diseases sharply increased in the 21st century. Major underlying causes for these diseases are inflammation and oxidative stress. Accordingly, natural products and their bioactive components are obvious therapeutic agents for these diseases, given their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research in this area has been significantly expanded to include chemical identification of these compounds using advanced analytical techniques, determining their mechanism of action, food fortification and supplement development, and enhancing their bioavailability and bioactivity using nanotechnology. These timely topics were discussed at the 20th Frontier Scientists Workshop sponsored by the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, held at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 23 November 2019. Scientists from South Korea and the U.S. shared their recent research under the overarching theme of Bioactive Compounds, Nanoparticles, and Disease Prevention. This review summarizes presentations at the workshop to provide current knowledge of the role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J. Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - In-Koo Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Qingxiao Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Sun-Shin Yi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Jennifer Alyce Bradbury
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Joan P. Graves
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Young Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Young-Hyun Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Woosuk Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehak Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- National Institutes of Environmental Health, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; (D.C.Z.); (J.A.B.); (M.L.E.); (J.P.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Ik-Dong Yoo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea; (S.-S.Y.); (J.-S.M.); (I.-D.Y.)
| | - Yiren Yue
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (Y.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Ho-Jae Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.B.); (I.-K.H.); (H.-Y.J.); (Y.-H.J.); (W.K.); (J.L.)
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Huang TC, Luo L, Jiang SH, Chen C, He HY, Liang CF, Li WS, Wang H, Zhu L, Wang K, Guo Y. Targeting integrated stress response regulates microglial M1/M2 polarization and attenuates neuroinflammation following surgical brain injury in rat. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110048. [PMID: 34015470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrated stress response (ISR) contributes to various neuropathological processes and acting as a therapy target in CNS injuries. However, the fundamental role of ISR in regulating microglial polarization remains largely unknown. Currently no proper pharmacological approaches to reverse microglia-driven neuroinflammation in surgical brain injury (SBI) have been reported. Here we found that inhibition of the crucial ISR effector, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), using the RNA interference suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial M1 polarization in vitro. Interestingly, counteracting ISR with a small-molecule ISR inhibitor (ISRIB) resulted in a significant microglial M1 towards M2 phenotype switching after LPS treatment. The potential underlying mechanisms may related to downregulate the intracellular NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression under the neuroinflammatory microenvironment. Notably, ISRIB ameliorated the infiltration of microglia and improved the neurobehavioral outcomes in the SBI rat model. Overall, our findings suggest that targeting ISR exerts a novel anti-inflammatory effect on microglia via regulating M1/M2 phenotype and may represent a potential therapeutic target to overcome neuroinflammation following SBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Chao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China; East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, PR China
| | - Lun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Shi-Hai Jiang
- Department of Joint Replacement and Trauma Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China; Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Hai-Yong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Chao-Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Wen-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Joint Replacement and Trauma Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Canton 510630, PR China.
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