1
|
Carciero L, Di Giuseppe G, Di Piazza E, Parand E, Soldovieri L, Ciccarelli G, Brunetti M, Gasbarrini A, Nista EC, Pani G, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. The interplay of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of metabolic impairment and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 216:111837. [PMID: 39173679 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves dysfunction in multiple organs, including the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas, leading to insulin resistance and β cell failure. Recent studies highlight the significant role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating inter-organ communication in T2D. This review investigates the role of EVs, focusing on their presence and biological significance in human plasma and tissues affected by T2D. We explore specific EV cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, which affect insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers. By highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs, we aim to provide new insights into their role in early detection, disease monitoring, and innovative treatment strategies for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carciero
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Piazza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Erfan Parand
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Soldovieri
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gea Ciccarelli
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Brunetti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico C Nista
- Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Pancreas Unit, CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Halipi V, Sasanian N, Feng J, Hu J, Lubart Q, Bernson D, van Leeuwen D, Ahmadpour D, Sparr E, Esbjörner EK. Extracellular Vesicles Slow Down Aβ(1-42) Aggregation by Interfering with the Amyloid Fibril Elongation Step. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:944-954. [PMID: 38408014 PMCID: PMC10921407 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils is a central pathogenic feature of Alzheimer's disease. Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as disease modulators, although their exact roles and relations to Aβ pathology remain unclear. We combined kinetics assays and biophysical analyses to explore how small (<220 nm) EVs from neuronal and non-neuronal human cell lines affected the aggregation of the disease-associated Aβ variant Aβ(1-42) into amyloid fibrils. Using thioflavin-T monitored kinetics and seeding assays, we found that EVs reduced Aβ(1-42) aggregation by inhibiting fibril elongation. Morphological analyses revealed this to result in the formation of short fibril fragments with increased thicknesses and less apparent twists. We suggest that EVs may have protective roles by reducing Aβ(1-42) amyloid loads, but also note that the formation of small amyloid fragments could be problematic from a neurotoxicity perspective. EVs may therefore have double-edged roles in the regulation of Aβ pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Halipi
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nima Sasanian
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Feng
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jing Hu
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Quentin Lubart
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bernson
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel van Leeuwen
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh P, Liu QR, Chen Q, Zhu M, Egan JM. Pancreatic β cell derived extracellular vesicles containing surface preproinsulin are involved in glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Life Sci 2024; 340:122460. [PMID: 38286207 PMCID: PMC10932837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular communication and are a topic of increasing interest due to their therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether human islet-derived EVs contain insulin, and if so, what role do they play in glucose stimulated insulin secretion. MAIN METHODS We isolated EVs from human islets culture and plasma to probe for insulin. Plasma from hyperglycemic glucose clamp experiments were also used to isolate and measure EV insulin content in response to a secretory stimulus. We performed immunogold electron microscopy for insulin presence in EVs. Co-culture experiments of isolated EVs with fresh islets were performed to examine the effect of EV cargo on insulin receptor signaling. KEY FINDINGS EVs isolated from culture medium contained insulin. Glucose treatment of islets increased the level of EV insulin. Hyperglycemic glucose clamp experiments in humans also lead to increased levels of insulin in plasma-derived EVs. Immunogold electron microscopy and proteinase K-digestion experiments demonstrated that insulin in EVs predominantly associated with the exterior surface of EVs while western blot analyses uncovered the presence of only preproinsulin in EVs. Membrane-bound preproinsulin in EVs was capable of activating insulin signaling pathway in an insulin receptor-dependent manner. The physiological relevance of this finding was observed in priming of human naïve islets by EVs during glucose stimulated insulin secretion. SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that (1) human islets secret insulin via an alternate pathway (EV-mediated) other than conventional granule-mediated insulin secretion, and (2) EV membrane bound preproinsulin is biologically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Qing-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Min Zhu
- Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Diabetes Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bortoletto AS, Parchem RJ. A pancreatic player in dementia: pathological role for islet amyloid polypeptide accumulation in the brain. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2141-2146. [PMID: 37056121 PMCID: PMC10328265 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.369095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have a markedly higher risk of developing dementia. While multiple factors contribute to this predisposition, one of these involves the increased secretion of amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide, that accompanies the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Islet amyloid polypeptide accumulation has undoubtedly been implicated in various forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, but the exact mechanisms underlying islet amyloid polypeptide's causative role in dementia are unclear. In this review, we have summarized the literature supporting the various mechanisms by which islet amyloid polypeptide accumulation may cause neuronal damage, ultimately leading to the clinical symptoms of dementia. We discuss the evidence for islet amyloid polypeptide deposition in the brain, islet amyloid polypeptide interaction with other amyloids implicated in neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation caused by islet amyloid polypeptide deposition, vascular damage induced by islet amyloid polypeptide accumulation, and islet amyloid polypeptide-induced cytotoxicity. There are very few therapies approved for the treatment of dementia, and of these, clinical responses have been controversial at best. Therefore, investigating new, targetable pathways is vital for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for treating dementia. As such, we conclude this review by discussing islet amyloid polypeptide accumulation as a potential therapeutic target not only in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus but as a future target in treating or even preventing dementia associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina S. Bortoletto
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald J. Parchem
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei J, Wang Z, Han T, Chen J, Ou Y, Wei L, Zhu X, Wang K, Yan Z, Han YP, Zheng X. Extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet in health and diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1170237. [PMID: 37305058 PMCID: PMC10248434 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1170237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel class of signaling molecules, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion of β-cells and insulin action in peripheral insulin target tissues, maintaining glucose homeostasis under physiological conditions, and it's also involved in pathological changes including autoimmune response, insulin resistance and β-cell failure associated with DM. In addition, EVs may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents that respectively reflect the status and improve function and viability of pancreatic islets. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, discuss EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet under physiological and diabetic conditions, and summarize the emerging applications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of DM. A better understanding of EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan communication of pancreatic islets will broaden and enrich our knowledge of physiological homeostasis maintenance as well as the development, diagnosis and treatment of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junlun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenghao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingrui Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaoting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiran Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- The Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, The College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sufianov A, Kostin A, Begliarzade S, Kudriashov V, Ilyasova T, Liang Y, Mukhamedzyanov A, Beylerli O. Exosomal non coding RNAs as a novel target for diabetes mellitus and its complications. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:192-204. [PMID: 36818396 PMCID: PMC9929646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a first-line priority among the problems facing medical science and public health in almost all countries of the world. The main problem of DM is the high incidence of damage to the cardiovascular system, which in turn leads to diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the lower extremities, blindness and chronic renal failure. As a result, the study of the molecular genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of DM is of critical importance for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Molecular genetic aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus are intensively studied in well-known laboratories around the world. One of the strategies in this direction is to study the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of DM. Exosomes are microscopic extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-100 nm, released into the intercellular space by cells of various tissues and organs. The content of exosomes depends on the cell type and includes mRNA, non-coding RNAs, DNA, and so on. Non-coding RNAs, a group of RNAs with limited transcriptional activity, have been discovered to play a significant role in regulating gene expression through epigenetic and posttranscriptional modulation, such as silencing of messenger RNA. One of the problems of usage exosomes in DM is the identification of the cellular origin of exosomes and the standardization of protocols for molecular genetic studies in clinical laboratories. In addition, the question of the target orientation of exosomes and their targeted activity requires additional study. Solving these and other problems will make it possible to use exosomes for the diagnosis and delivery of drugs directly to target cells in DM. This study presents an analysis of literature data on the role of exosomes and ncRNAs in the development and progression of DM, as well as the prospects for the use of exosomes in clinical practice in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kostin
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Republican Clinical Perinatal Center, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450106, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | | | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia,Corresponding author. Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An Overview of Inter-Tissue and Inter-Kingdom Communication Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032071. [PMID: 36768391 PMCID: PMC9916451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with defects of insulin action in different tissues or alterations in β-cell secretory capacity that may be triggered by environmental challenges, inadequate lifestyle choices, or an underlying genetic predisposition. In addition, recent data shows that obesity may also be caused by perturbations of the gut microbiota, which then affect metabolic function and energy homeostasis in the host. Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in complex organisms such as mammals requires organismal-level communication, including between the different organs and the gut microbiota. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified in all domains of life and have emerged as crucial players in inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalk. Interestingly, EVs found in edible vegetables or in milk have been shown to influence gut microbiota or tissue function in mammals. Moreover, there is a multidirectional crosstalk mediated by EVs derived from gut microbiota and body organs that has implications for host health. Untangling this complex signaling network may help implement novel therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo WH, Guo Q, Liu YL, Yan DD, Jin L, Zhang R, Yan J, Luo XH, Yang M. Mutated lncRNA increase the risk of type 2 diabetes by promoting β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:904. [PMID: 36302749 PMCID: PMC9613878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Islet β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the main pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the mechanism remains unclear. Here we identify a rs3819316 C > T mutation in lncRNA Reg1cp mainly expressed in islets associated with an increased risk of T2D. Analyses in 16,113 Chinese adults reveal that Mut-Reg1cp individuals had higher incidence of T2D and presented impaired insulin secretion as well as increased insulin resistance. Mice with islet β cell specific Mut-Reg1cp knock-in have more severe β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Mass spectrometry assay of proteins after RNA pulldown demonstrate that Mut-Reg1cp directly binds to polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1), further immunofluorescence staining, western blot analysis, qPCR analysis and glucose stimulated insulin secretion test reveal that Mut-Reg1cp disrupts the stabilization of insulin mRNA by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PTBP1 in β cells. Furthermore, islet derived exosomes transfer Mut-Reg1cp into peripheral tissue, which then promote insulin resistance by inhibiting AdipoR1 translation and adiponectin signaling. Our findings identify a novel mutation in lncRNA involved in the pathogenesis of T2D, and reveal a new mechanism for the development of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hui Guo
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lin Liu
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Jin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200233 Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| | - Mi Yang
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China ,grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, 410008 Changsha, Hunan P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aguirre RS, Kulkarni A, Becker MW, Lei X, Sarkar S, Ramanadham S, Phelps EA, Nakayasu ES, Sims EK, Mirmira RG. Extracellular vesicles in β cell biology: Role of lipids in vesicle biogenesis, cargo, and intercellular signaling. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101545. [PMID: 35817393 PMCID: PMC9294332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathogenesis involves an intricate interplay between β cells of the pancreatic islet, other islet cells, and cells of the immune system. Direct intercellular communication within the islet occurs via cell surface proteins and indirect intercellular communication has traditionally been seen as occurring via secreted proteins (e.g., endocrine hormones and cytokines). However, recent literature suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by β cells constitute an additional and biologically important mechanism for transmitting signals to within the islet. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the general mechanisms of EV formation, with a particular focus on how lipids and lipid signaling pathways influence their formation and cargo. We review the implications of EV release from β cells for T1D pathogenesis, how EVs and their cargo might be leveraged as biomarkers of this process, and how EVs might be engineered as a therapeutic candidate to counter T1D outcomes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Islet β cells have been viewed as initiators and propagators of the cellular circuit giving rise to autoimmunity in T1D. In this context, emerging literature suggests that EVs may represent a conduit for communication that holds more comprehensive messaging about the β cells from which they arise. As the field of EV biology advances, it opens the possibility that intervening with EV formation and cargo loading could be a novel disease-modifying approach in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology & The Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine and the Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. 900 E. 57th St., KCBD 8130, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brodnicki TC. A Role for lncRNAs in Regulating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Responses Underlying Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1363:97-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
11
|
Lee J, Lee S. New mediators in diabetes pathogenesis: Exosomes and metabolites. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1931-1933. [PMID: 34469632 PMCID: PMC8565420 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joonyub Lee
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary's HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Seung‐Hwan Lee
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineCollege of MedicineSeoul St. Mary's HospitalThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Medical Informatics College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marmentini C, Branco RCS, Boschero AC, Kurauti MA. Islet amyloid toxicity: From genesis to counteracting mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1119-1142. [PMID: 34636428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells and is the major component of islet amyloid. Islet amyloid is found in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may be involved in β-cell dysfunction and death, observed in this disease. Thus, investigating the aspects related to amyloid formation is relevant to the development of strategies towards β-cell protection. In this sense, IAPP misprocessing, IAPP overproduction, and disturbances in intra- and extracellular environments seem to be decisive for IAPP to form islet amyloid. Islet amyloid toxicity in β-cells may be triggered in intra- and/or extracellular sites by membrane damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis. Importantly, different approaches have been suggested to prevent islet amyloid cytotoxicity, from inhibition of IAPP aggregation to attenuation of cell death mechanisms. Such approaches have improved β-cell function and prevented the development of hyperglycemia in animals. Therefore, counteracting islet amyloid may be a promising therapy for T2D treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Marmentini
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renato C S Branco
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mirian A Kurauti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gonçalves RA, De Felice FG. The crosstalk between brain and periphery: Implications for brain health and disease. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108728. [PMID: 34331960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that signaling molecules identified primarily in the peripheral circulation can affect cognitive function in physiological and pathological conditions, including in the development of several neurological diseases. However, considering the properties of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB), circulating lipophobic molecules would not be expected to cross this vascular structure. Thus, if and how peripheral lipophobic molecules, such as hormones and cytokines, reach the brain to exert their reported effects remains to be better established. In this review, we will discuss evidence for and against the ability of molecules in the circulation, such as insulin, cytokines, and irisin to reach the brain and mediate the crosstalk between peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesize that in addition to entering the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis, these circulating molecules can have their transport facilitated by extracellular vesicles or under pathological conditions when the BBB is disrupted. We also discuss the possibility that these circulating molecules access the brain by acting directly on circumventricular organs, which lack the BBB, by local synthesis in the choroid plexus, and via activation of afferent vagal nerves. Advancing the understanding of mechanisms implicated in the transport of blood-borne molecules to the CNS will help us elucidate the contribution of peripheral factors to brain health and disease, and will enable the development of minimally invasive strategies to deliver therapeutic drugs to the brain in neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella A Gonçalves
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Protein aggregation and amyloid formation are pathogenic events underlying the development of an increasingly large number of human diseases named “proteinopathies”. Abnormal accumulation in affected tissues of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and the prion protein, to mention a few, are involved in the occurrence of Alzheimer’s (AD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prion diseases, respectively. Many reports suggest that the toxic properties of amyloid aggregates are correlated with their ability to damage cell membranes. However, the molecular mechanisms causing toxic amyloid/membrane interactions are still far to be completely elucidated. This review aims at describing the mutual relationships linking abnormal protein conformational transition and self-assembly into amyloid aggregates with membrane damage. A cross-correlated analysis of all these closely intertwined factors is thought to provide valuable insights for a comprehensive molecular description of amyloid diseases and, in turn, the design of effective therapies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gesmundo I, Pardini B, Gargantini E, Gamba G, Birolo G, Fanciulli A, Banfi D, Congiusta N, Favaro E, Deregibus MC, Togliatto G, Zocaro G, Brizzi MF, Luque RM, Castaño JP, Bocchiotti MA, Arolfo S, Bruno S, Nano R, Morino M, Piemonti L, Ong H, Matullo G, Falcón-Pérez JM, Ghigo E, Camussi G, Granata R. Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles regulate survival and function of pancreatic β cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141962. [PMID: 33539327 PMCID: PMC8021102 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in the crosstalk between adipocytes and other metabolic organs, and an altered biological cargo has been observed in EVs from human obese adipose tissue (AT). Yet, the role of adipocyte-derived EVs in pancreatic β cells remains to be determined. Here, we explored the effects of EVs released from adipocytes isolated from both rodents and humans and human AT explants on survival and function of pancreatic β cells and human pancreatic islets. EVs from healthy 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased survival and proliferation and promoted insulin secretion in INS-1E β cells and human pancreatic islets, both those untreated or exposed to cytokines or glucolipotoxicity, whereas EVs from inflamed adipocytes caused β cell death and dysfunction. Human lean adipocyte-derived EVs produced similar beneficial effects, whereas EVs from obese AT explants were harmful for human EndoC-βH3 β cells. We observed differential expression of miRNAs in EVs from healthy and inflamed adipocytes, as well as alteration in signaling pathways and expression of β cell genes, adipokines, and cytokines in recipient β cells. These in vitro results suggest that, depending on the physiopathological state of AT, adipocyte-derived EVs may influence β cell fate and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Gesmundo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gargantini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gamba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanciulli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dana Banfi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Congiusta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrica Favaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaia Zocaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raul M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, and Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, and Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Simone Arolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Morino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory and.,Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Milardi D, Gazit E, Radford SE, Xu Y, Gallardo RU, Caflisch A, Westermark GT, Westermark P, Rosa CL, Ramamoorthy A. Proteostasis of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide: A Molecular Perspective of Risk Factors and Protective Strategies for Type II Diabetes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1845-1893. [PMID: 33427465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The possible link between hIAPP accumulation and β-cell death in diabetic patients has inspired numerous studies focusing on amyloid structures and aggregation pathways of this hormone. Recent studies have reported on the importance of early oligomeric intermediates, the many roles of their interactions with lipid membrane, pH, insulin, and zinc on the mechanism of aggregation of hIAPP. The challenges posed by the transient nature of amyloid oligomers, their structural heterogeneity, and the complex nature of their interaction with lipid membranes have resulted in the development of a wide range of biophysical and chemical approaches to characterize the aggregation process. While the cellular processes and factors activating hIAPP-mediated cytotoxicity are still not clear, it has recently been suggested that its impaired turnover and cellular processing by proteasome and autophagy may contribute significantly toward toxic hIAPP accumulation and, eventually, β-cell death. Therefore, studies focusing on the restoration of hIAPP proteostasis may represent a promising arena for the design of effective therapies. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the structures and pathology associated with hIAPP self-assembly and point out the opportunities for therapy that a detailed biochemical, biophysical, and cellular understanding of its aggregation may unveil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Milardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Xu
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo U Gallardo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Gunilla T Westermark
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 41809-1055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Daryabor G, Atashzar MR, Kabelitz D, Meri S, Kalantar K. The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Organ Metabolism and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1582. [PMID: 32793223 PMCID: PMC7387426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance and obesity play key roles in the induction and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The field of immunometabolism implies a bidirectional link between the immune system and metabolism, in which inflammation plays an essential role in the promotion of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity and T2DM), and metabolic factors, in turn, regulate immune cell functions. Obesity as the main inducer of a systemic low-level inflammation is a main susceptibility factor for T2DM. Obesity-related immune cell infiltration, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress promote metabolic impairments in the insulin-sensitive tissues and finally, insulin resistance, organ failure, and premature aging occur. Hyperglycemia and the subsequent inflammation are the main causes of micro- and macroangiopathies in the circulatory system. They also promote the gut microbiota dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and fatty liver disease. The impaired immune system together with metabolic imbalance also increases the susceptibility of patients to several pathogenic agents such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus, the need for a proper immunization protocol among such patients is granted. The focus of the current review is to explore metabolic and immunological abnormalities affecting several organs of T2DM patients and explain the mechanisms, whereby diabetic patients become more susceptible to infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Daryabor
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Atashzar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu J, Sun X, Zhang FL, Jin H, Yan XL, Huang S, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Clinical Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:596811. [PMID: 33551993 PMCID: PMC7859486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.596811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health disease which is increased in incidence and prevalence throughout the whole world. Insulin resistance (IR) in peripheral tissues and insufficient pancreatic β-cell mass and function have been recognized as primary mechanisms in the pathogenesis of T2D, while recently, systemic chronic inflammation resulting from obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has also gained considerable attention in T2D progression. Nowadays, accumulating evidence has revealed extracellular vesicles (EVs) as critical mediators promoting the pathogenesis of T2D. They can also be used in the diagnosis and treatment of T2D and its complications. In this review, we briefly introduce the basic concepts of EVs and their potential roles in the pathogenesis of T2D. Then, we discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials in T2D and its complications, hoping to open new prospects for the management of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
| | - Fu-Liang Zhang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Ni Guo, ; Yi Yang, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-8522
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Ni Guo, ; Yi Yang, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-8522
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chidester S, Livinski AA, Fish AF, Joseph PV. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in β-Cell Function and Viability: A Scoping Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32595604 PMCID: PMC7300279 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells throughout the body have been implicated in diabetes pathogenesis. Understanding the role of EVs in regulation of β-cell function and viability may provide insights into diabetes etiology and may lead to the development of more effective screening and diagnostic tools to detect diabetes earlier and prevent disease progression. This review was conducted to determine what is known from the literature about the effect of EV crosstalk on pancreatic β-cell function and viability in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, to perform a gap analysis for future research directions, and to discuss implications of available evidence for diabetes care. The literature search yielded 380 studies from which 31 studies were determined to meet eligibility criteria. The majority of studies had the disease context of autoimmunity in T1DM. The most commonly studied EV crosstalk dynamics involved localized EV-mediated communication between β-cells and other islet cells, or between β-cells and immune cells. Other organs and tissues secreting EVs that affect β-cells include skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells, bone marrow, vascular endothelium, and mesenchymal stem cells. Characterization of EV cargo molecules with regulatory effects in β-cells was conducted in 24 studies, with primary focus on microRNA cargo. Gaps identified included scarcity of evidence for the effect on β-cell function and viability of EVs from major metabolic organs/tissues such as muscle, liver, and adipose depots. Future research should address these gaps as well as characterize a broader range of EV cargo molecules and their activity in β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chidester
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alicia A. Livinski
- National Institutes of Health Library, Office of Research Services, OD, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anne F. Fish
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Paule V. Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Paule V. Joseph
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zou X, Wang J, Chen C, Tan X, Huang Y, Jose PA, Yang J, Zeng C. Secreted Monocyte miR-27a, via Mesenteric Arterial Mas Receptor-eNOS Pathway, Causes Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:31-42. [PMID: 31328772 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential hypertension is associated with increased plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We aimed to determine the role of monocyte miR-27a in EVs on arterial Mas receptor expression, and its involvement in the pathogenesis of hypertension. METHODS THP-1 cells were transfected with miR-27a mimic and miR-27a inhibitor, and EVs were collected. Mas receptor expression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation were determined by immunoblotting. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received EVs via tail-vein injection. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with the tail-cuff method. The vasodilatory response of mesenteric arteries was measured using a small vessel myograph. RESULTS EVs from THP-1 cells increased rat BP by impairing Ang-(1-7)-mediated vasodilation in mesenteric arteries, which was further exaggerated by EVs from lipopolysaccharides-treated THP-1 cells. As the receptor and key signaling of Ang-(1-7), next experiments found that Mas receptor expression and eNOS phosphorylation were decreased in mesenteric arteries from EVs-treated SD rats. Screening studies found miR-27a in EVs may be involved in this process. Through transfection with miR-27a inhibitor or miR-27a mimic, we found that miR-27a downregulates Mas receptor expression in endothelial cells. Injection of EVs from miR-27a-transfected HEK-293 cells decreased Mas receptor and eNOS phosphorylation in mesenteric arteries, impaired Ang-(1-7)-mediated vasodilation and increased BP. Earlier effects were reversed using cells with downregulation of miR-27 in EVs. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte miR-27a in EVs decreases Mas receptor expression and eNOS phosphorylation in endothelium, impairs Ang-(1-7)-mediated vasodilation, and causes hypertension. Understanding the contributions of EVs in the pathogenesis of hypertension may facilitate their use as a diagnostic biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Krishnan P, Syed F, Jiyun Kang N, G. Mirmira R, Evans-Molina C. Profiling of RNAs from Human Islet-Derived Exosomes in a Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235903. [PMID: 31775218 PMCID: PMC6928620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing islet β cells. Biomarkers capable of identifying T1D risk and dissecting disease-related heterogeneity represent an unmet clinical need. Toward the goal of informing T1D biomarker strategies, we profiled coding and noncoding RNAs in human islet-derived exosomes and identified RNAs that were differentially expressed under proinflammatory cytokine stress conditions. Human pancreatic islets were obtained from cadaveric donors and treated with/without IL-1β and IFN-γ. Total RNA and small RNA sequencing were performed from islet-derived exosomes to identify mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and small noncoding RNAs. RNAs with a fold change ≥1.3 and a p-value <0.05 were considered as differentially expressed. mRNAs and miRNAs represented the most abundant long and small RNA species, respectively. Each of the RNA species showed altered expression patterns with cytokine treatment, and differentially expressed RNAs were predicted to be involved in insulin secretion, calcium signaling, necrosis, and apoptosis. Taken together, our data identify RNAs that are dysregulated under cytokine stress in human islet-derived exosomes, providing a comprehensive catalog of protein coding and noncoding RNAs that may serve as potential circulating biomarkers in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Farooq Syed
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nicole Jiyun Kang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (F.S.); (N.J.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-4145; Fax: +1-317-274-4107
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chan BD, Wong WY, Lee MML, Cho WCS, Yee BK, Kwan YW, Tai WCS. Exosomes in Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800149. [PMID: 30758141 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released by all cell types and involved in local and systemic intercellular communication. In the past decade, research into exosomes has swelled as their important role in the mediation of health and disease has been increasingly established and acknowledged. Exosomes carry a diverse range of cargo including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids derived from their parental cell that, when delivered to the recipient cell, can confer pathogenic or therapeutic effects through modulation of immunity and inflammation. In this review, the role of exosomes on mediation of immune and inflammatory responses, and their participation in diseases with a significant inflammatory component is discussed. The considerable potential for exosomes in therapy and diagnosis of inflammatory diseases is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dow Chan
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - William Chi-Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin K Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gézsi A, Kovács Á, Visnovitz T, Buzás EI. Systems biology approaches to investigating the roles of extracellular vesicles in human diseases. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 30872567 PMCID: PMC6418293 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed structures secreted by cells. In the past decade, EVs have attracted substantial attention as carriers of complex intercellular information. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes in health and disease. They are also considered to hold promise for future diagnostics and therapy. EVs are characterized by a previously underappreciated heterogeneity. The heterogeneity and molecular complexity of EVs necessitates high-throughput analytical platforms for detailed analysis. Recently, mass spectrometry, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics tools have enabled detailed proteomic, transcriptomic, glycomic, lipidomic, metabolomic, and genomic analyses of EVs. Here, we provide an overview of systems biology experiments performed in the field of EVs. Furthermore, we provide examples of how in silico systems biology approaches can be used to identify correlations between genes involved in EV biogenesis and human diseases. Using a knowledge fusion system, we investigated whether certain groups of proteins implicated in the biogenesis/release of EVs were associated with diseases and phenotypes. Furthermore, we investigated whether these proteins were enriched in publicly available transcriptomic datasets using gene set enrichment analysis methods. We found associations between key EV biogenesis proteins and numerous diseases, which further emphasizes the key role of EVs in human health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Gézsi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Measurement and Information Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Javeed N. Shedding Perspective on Extracellular Vesicle Biology in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Syndromes. Endocrinology 2019; 160:399-408. [PMID: 30624638 PMCID: PMC6349001 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of diabetes and associated metabolic derailments is a complex process that relies on crosstalk between metabolically active tissues. Dysregulation of secreted factors and metabolites from islets, adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle contributes to the overall progression of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circulating nanovesicles secreted by most cell types and are comprised of bioactive cargoes that are horizontally transferred to targeted cells/tissues. Accumulating evidence from the past decade implicates the role of EVs as mediators of islet cell dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic consequences associated with diabetes. This review covers a broad spectrum of basic EV biology (i.e., biogenesis, secretion, and uptake), including a comprehensive investigation of the emerging role of EVs in β-cell autocrine/paracrine interactions and the multidirectional crosstalk in metabolically active tissues. Understanding the utility of this novel means of intercellular communication could impart insight into the development of new treatment regimens and biomarker detection to treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Correspondence: Naureen Javeed, PhD, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Novel Regulator of Obesity and Its Associated Complications. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5110152. [PMID: 30445758 PMCID: PMC6262587 DOI: 10.3390/children5110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity continues to be a major public health concern. Obesity causes various metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, currently, we have a limited understanding of the pathophysiology in the development of these processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by different cell types that travel to various organ systems carrying molecular and genetic information. These vesicles have been proposed as a novel intercellular communication mode in systemic metabolic regulation and in several pathophysiologic processes. In particular, recent studies indicate that EVs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic complications. In this study, we reviewed the current literature that supports the role of EVs in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and pathogenesis of obesity and its associated metabolic complications, with a short discussion about future directions in the EV research field.
Collapse
|
26
|
Costes S. Targeting protein misfolding to protect pancreatic beta-cells in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:104-110. [PMID: 30245473 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The islet in type 2 diabetes is characterized by beta-cell dysfunction and deficit, increased beta-cell apoptosis and amyloid deposits that derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). In species such as humans that are vulnerable to developing type 2 diabetes, IAPP has the propensity to form toxic oligomers that contribute to beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis, defining type 2 diabetes as a protein misfolding disorder. In this report, we review mechanisms known to contribute to protein misfolding and formation of toxic oligomers, and the deleterious consequences of these oligomers on beta-cell function and survival. Finally, we will consider approaches to prevent protein misfolding and formation of toxic oligomers as potential novel therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes and other protein misfolding diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safia Costes
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effect of Phosphatidylserine and Cholesterol on Membrane-mediated Fibril Formation by the N-terminal Amyloidogenic Fragment of Apolipoprotein A-I. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5497. [PMID: 29615818 PMCID: PMC5882889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we examined the effects of phosphatidylserine (PS) and cholesterol on the fibril-forming properties of the N-terminal 1‒83 fragment of an amyloidogenic G26R variant of apoA-I bound to small unilamellar vesicles. A thioflavin T fluorescence assay together with microscopic observations showed that PS significantly retards the nucleation step in fibril formation by apoA-I 1‒83/G26R, whereas cholesterol slightly enhances fibril formation. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that PS facilitates a structural transition from random coil to α-helix in apoA-I 1‒83/G26R with great stabilization of the α-helical structure upon lipid binding. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements revealed that PS induces a marked increase in capacity for binding of apoA-I 1‒83/G26R to the membrane surface, perhaps due to electrostatic interactions of positively charged amino acids in apoA-I with PS. Such effects of PS to enhance lipid interactions and inhibit fibril formation of apoA-I were also observed for the amyloidogenic region-containing apoA-I 8‒33/G26R peptide. Fluorescence measurements using environment-sensitive probes indicated that PS induces a more solvent-exposed, membrane-bound conformation in the amyloidogenic region of apoA-I without affecting membrane fluidity. Since cell membranes have highly heterogeneous lipid compositions, our findings may provide a molecular basis for the preferential deposition of apoA-I amyloid fibrils in tissues and organs.
Collapse
|